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GRAPHIC DESIGN By Autumn Miller
Table of Contents
1 Petroglyph 2 Pictograph 3 Ideograph 4 Logogram 5 Ampersand 6 Printer’s Mark 7 Trademark 8 Chop 9 Woodcut 10 Fleuron 11 Movable Type
12 Drop Cap 13 Ligature 14 Calligraphy 15 Flourish 16 Interlaces 17 Lacertaces 18 Information Graphic 19 Hieratic Scale 20 Broadside 21 Textura
Petroglyph Petroglyphs were a way of communicating in prehistoric times. They can be either literal or figurative representations. Petroglyphs are most commonly found carved instone, for they predate common use of paper.
Lee Aeder, Kirk. Petroglyphs of Hawaii. N.d. Photograph. Squidoo.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
Davey, Sean. Hawaiian Petroglyphs. N.d. Photograph. Squidoo.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
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Pictograph A pictograph is a graphic that is a literal representation of the object being described. The gas tank graphic is a modern example of a pictograph because it is a symbol meaning a gasstation is nearby.
Free Info Clipart. 2012. Graphic. Cksinfo.com Web. 26 Jul 2012.
Chinese Characters that are Pictures. 2008-2012. Photograph. Taiwan-Travel-Experience.com, Taiwan. Web. 26 Jul 2012.
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Ideograph An ideograph is a graphic that symbolically represents what is being described. Both of these symbols are modern ideographs. The red circle with a slash through it is a symbol for ‘no’ and the person sleeping is a symbol for hotel.
OCAL. No Smoking Clip Art. 2012. Vector. clker.com Web. 26 Jul 2012.
Eureka Travel. Where we Lay Our Heads to Sleep... 2012. Graphic. Southern Trails Web. 26 Jul 2012.
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logogram A logogram is a graphic symbolizing a full word. As opposed to a pictograph, a logogram does not need to resemble the form of the word being displayed. In this sense, a logogram is more like an ideograph. This peace sign is a modern example of a logogram. It began as the logo for the Center of Nuclear Disarmament and eventually evolved into a universal sym
Peace Education. N.d. Graphic. cnduk.org Web. 29 Jul 2012.
At Symbol. N.d. Graphic. Bestyetmarket.com Web. 29 Jul 2012.
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Ampersand The ampersand is the modern day symbol for ‘and.’ The word comes from the saying ‘and per say and.’ These are modern ampersands have been hand drawn by Joshua Bullock.
Bullock, Joshua. &. 2012. Graphic. dribbble.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
Bullock, Joshua. Drawpersand. 2012. Graphic. dribbble.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
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Printer’s Mark The use of a printer’s mark is similar to that of a trademark: to show ownership Printers would mark their work with a symbol, graphically displaying the origin of the piece printed. It is easily found on the title pages of books.
Mencken, H.L. The American Language. 2nd ed. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1921. Print.
Printer’s Mark. N.d. Graphic. Gutenburg.org Web. 29 Jul 2012.
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Trademark A trademark is a graphic identifier created and placed by the creator to show ownership. These are bother modern examples of trademarks. The Apple trademark is placed on every piece of equipment they sell now. The same applies to Tory Burch, her trademark is either stitched or embellished on every handbag that is on the market.
Apple Inc. 2012. Graphic. apple.com Web. 26 Jul 2012.
Reva Clutch. Photograph. ToryBurch.com Web 29 Jul 2012.
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Chop Slightly similar to a woodcut, a chop is used as a seal to show ownership. It is primarily a Chinese instrument, and is most often carved from stone. There are two diferent types of chops, one is a red background with white lettering and the other is a white background with red lettering.
Brandi, Chris. Chinese Chop. N.d. Photograph. Flickr.com Web. 29 Jul 2012.
Creating Your Own Chop. N.d. Graphic. Creativepro.com Web. 29 Jul 2012.
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Woodcut A woodcut is a design cut from wood that serves as a stamp. A woodcut always produces the inverse image oof what is carved. The image on the left is a scanned image from the Roost 2012 Catalog, it is a modern version on a woodcut as it is quite literally a graphic cut from wood blocks.
Wood Print Blocks. Roost Catalog. 10th ed. Fall 2011. p. 223. Print.
Scolari, Giuseppe. The Rape of Proserpina. 2012. Woodcut. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History Web. 19 Jul 2012. <metmu-
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Fleuron Fleurons are ornamental flowers or leaves. These ornaments were carved to fit into printing compositions alongside letters and numbers. They were quick decorations for printers.
Knapp, Andrew. Sustainability. 2012. Graphic. dribbble.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
Mientjes, Rob. Fleuron. 2012. Graphic. dribbble.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
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Movable Type Movable type is a way of roll printing that allows for greater flexibility. Movable type was first invented in China. These two photos are modern examples of movable type, as a part of the type truck called â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Movable Type.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; This truck is literally a movable type system on wheels, traveling from town to town around the USA.
Moveable Type in Missoula. N.d. Graphic. Pinterest.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
The Mandate Press. Moveable Type. N.d. Graphic. Instagram. com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
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Drop Cap A drop cap is an initial cap, in which the top of the letter falls in line with the top of the text following it. These are two modern examples of drop caps. They have both the same characteristics of being in line with the top of the text. What makes them modern is the lack of embellishments that were on the original drop cap in the illuminated manuscripts.
Pressman, Cranky. Daily Drop Cap Close Up. 2012. Photograph. flickr.comWeb. 26 Jul 2012.
Pressman, Cranky. Drop Cap â&#x20AC;&#x153;Câ&#x20AC;?. 2012. Photograph. flickr. comWeb. 26 Jul 2012.
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Ligature A ligature is the combination of two letters when placed next to each other in a word. These two examples are both modern interpretations of a ligature. Two common ligatures are with an ‘f’ and another ‘f’ and an ‘f’ and an ‘i’ or ‘e’.
Grigg, Mallory. Coffee Sketch. 2012. Graphic. dribbble.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
Bullock, Joshua. Ligature Concepts. 2012. Graphic. dribbble. com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
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Calligraphy Calligraphy is an intricate form of writing that combines the aesthetics of art with the structure of a written language. Modern forms of calligraphy, such as these, are forms of hand written type and a flow of letters simulating a single written stroke.
Farr, Jane. Calligraphy. N.d. Graphic. A Place to Flourish Web. 19 Jul 2012. <janefarr.blogspot.com>.
Oh Hell No. N.d. Graphic. Pinterest.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
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Flourish A decoration or embellishment to further the style of text. Flourishes take the meaning of the text further with the beauty and eye catching nature of them. These two modern forms of flourishes are also hand drawn.
Bullock, Joshua. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Fâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is for Flourish. 2012. Graphic. dribbble. com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
Bullock, Joshua. A Beautiful Thing. 2012. Graphic. dribbble. com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
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Interlaces Interlaces are patterns or designs that simulate a woven texture. They are from Celtic origin and are most commonly referred to presently as Celtic Knots. Todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s interlaces are most often seen in jewelry or designs involving irish/celtic origin, such as these two.
Celtic Knot. Photograph. myspace.com/CelticSojourn Web. 29 Jul 2012.
Sterling Silver Celtic Knot Ring. Photograph. shopirish.com Web. 29 Jul 2012.
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Lecertines Lacertines are intricate interlaces formed with figures of animals. These are two original forms of lacertines. The Book of Kells is a large culmination of lacertines and interlaces.
Lee Aeder, Kirk. Petroglyphs of Hawaii. N.d. Photograph. Squidoo.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
Davey, Sean. Hawaiian Petroglyphs. N.d. Photograph. Squidoo.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
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Information Graphic Information Graphics are well organized visual ways of displaying information. These two information graphics are modern interpretations. Information graphics initially began as simple charts and graphs and have evolved to display and involve much more.
Column Five. What You Could do with an Extra Two Hours. 2012. Infographic. thecreativefinder.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
Column Five. 9 Shocking Facts about the Food Industry. 2012. Infographic. thecreativefinder.com Web. 19 Jul 2012.
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Hierarchic Scale Hierarchic Scale is a visual representation of importance. In a more symbolic way of visually representing information, heirarchic scale shows that more important objects are made larger, and less important objects are made smaller. These two examples are both modern examples of hierarchic scale: the poster has the main character as largest in scale, showing his importance. The other photo is of The Red Cup coffee shop in Oklahoma City; the large coffee cup on the roof emphasizes the importance of coffee within this establishment.
Iron Man. 2012. Photograph. imdb.com Web. 26 Jul 2012.
i. N.d. Photograph. OKCBites.com, Oklahoma City, OK. Web. 29 Jul 2012.
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Broadside Broadside is the term given to printed materials with only one side, meant for being posted on a wall or other surface. Broadside printed materials eventually turned into pamphlets or movie posters. This poster is a modern example of a broadside printed material, it is only meant to be viewed from one point of perspective.
Status Serigraph. The Avett Brothers. 2011. Photograph. gigposters.comWeb. 29 Jul 2012.
The Broadside. 2011. Photograph. Broadsideattractions.com Web. 29 Jul 2012.
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Textura Textura is the name given to the font popularized during the Gothic period. It is also known as Blackletter to the English. The two most poignant features of this font are the strong verticals and pointed serifs.
Devorye, Luc. Textura. N.d. Graphic. luc.devorye.com, Montreal, Canada. Web. 28 Jul 2012.
Devorye, Luc. French Textura. N.d. Graphic. luc.devorye. com, Montreal, Canada. Web. 28 Jul 2012.
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