"I have never felt salvation in nature. I love cities above all."
Michelangelo
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Please enjoy reading the first issue of the Urban Future Magazine.
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Journalist, author, theorist, and activist who influenced urban studies, sociology, and economics
12 Singapore is the Asia’s secondbiggest millionaire oasis after Tokyo. Home to 249,800 millionaires.
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A smart city is a technologically modern urban area that uses different types of electronic methods and sensors to collect specific data
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looks like a Cactus, prickles like a Cactus, but it's not a Cactus.
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A smart city is a framework, predominantly composed of Information and Communication Technologies, to develop, and promote sustainable development
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New York City as part of its smart city pilot programme in 2020.
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a definitive ranking of the best types of public transportation in the United States
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Bol, Island of Brac, Croatia
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Smart Cities by Anthony M Townsend, The Rise of the Creative Class by Richard Florida, How to Create Smart Villages by Henry Chesbrough, Solomon Darwin, and Werner Fischer
Throughout history, people have been attracted to cities as centers of culture, learning, and economic opportunity.
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interesting quotes about internet, the Internet gave us access to everything; but it also gave everything access to us.
Welcome to the inaugural Urban Future Magazine issue, delving into the heartbeat of cities in this transformative year of 2023. We explore the opulence of Singapore, Asia's second-largest haven for millionaires, and New York City's strides in smart city initiatives.
Unveiling the intricacies of smart cities, we celebrate urban luminaries like Jane Jacobs and unveil the tales public transit whispers across different countries.
Guided by enlightening reads and inspiring quotes, Urban Future Magazine is your compass in this evolving urban narrative.
Happy reading!
“By
―
The Death and Life of Great American Cities
its nature, the metropolis provides what otherwise could be given only by traveling; namely, the strange.”
Jane Jacobs ―
Jacobs originated as Jane Isabel Butzner, born in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Her parents were Bess Robison Butzner, a former teacher and nurse, and John Decker Butzner, a physician. Despite being part of a Protestant family in a predominantly Roman Catholic town, she grew up alongside her brother, John Decker Butzner, Jr., who later became a
Jacobs was born in 1916 in Scranton, Pennsylvania, a coal mining town Her parents were a doctor and a former school teacher and nurse. Upon high school graduation, she assumed an unpaid role as the assistant to the women's page editor at the Scranton Tribune. A year later, amidst the Depression, she departed Scranton for New
judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Following her graduation from Scranton High School, she spent a year working as an unpaid assistant to the women's page editor at the Scranton Tribune.
York City. In her initial years in the city, she held various positions, primarily working as a stenographer and freelance writer. Her writing often focused on the working districts within the city. These experiences, she noted, "provided me with a deeper understanding of the city's dynamics and the nature of business and work "
“We expect too much of new buildings, and too little of ourselves.”
The earliest cars required shelters for several reasons. Initially, due to the design, they were either open or lacked roofs. Moreover, early cars were exceedingly expensive, and owners were eager to shield their valuable investments from rain, snow, and other harsh weather conditions, which could potentially damage them and incur significant repair costs.
In modern times, a garage serves a versatile purpose for numerous households. It is not merely a space to park vehicles but also an integral component that enhances overall home living. For a majority of homeowners, the garage door often serves as the primary entrance to their residence.
"The Death and Life of Great American Cities," written by Jane Jacobs, stands as a paramount nonfiction work of the 20th century, fervently advocating for the essence of city life. Widely recognized among contemporary architects, urban planners, and city residents, Jacobs' book is considered a cornerstone in steering humane urban planning. Despite its radical nature at the time of its publication in 1961, the ideas presented by Jacobs have now evolved into established concepts. Though not a builder herself, Jacobs undeniably played a pivotal role in shaping the blueprint for the modern city. Her views on density, which she saw as beneficial, and her criticism of modernist urban planning, which she deemed disastrous, firmly positioned her as a prominent public critic in the post-war era.
consensus on urban space Jacobs dismissed the notion of a meticulously organized grid within a gleaming metropolis, instead favoring an organic amalgamation of various elements industry, leisure, ethnicity ensuring the city's vitality.
"We demand grandeur from our cities while often underestimating the power of community to truly elevate urban life."
DARK AGE AHEAD, RANDOM HOUSE, 2004
THE NATURE OF ECONOMIES, NEW YORK: MODERN LIBRARY/ RANDOM HOUSE, 2000
A SCHOOLTEACHER IN OLD ALASKA: THE STORY OF HANNAH BREECE, OWEN SOUND, ONTARIO: GINGER PRESS, 1995.
SYSTEMS OF SURVIVAL: A DIALOGUE ON THE MORAL FOUNDATIONS OF COMMERCE AND POLITICS, NEW YORK: RANDOM HOUSE, 1992
CITIES AND THE WEALTH OF NATIONS, NEW YORK: RANDOM HOUSE, 1984
A QUESTION OF SEPARATISM: QUEBEC AND THE STRUGGLE OVER SOVEREIGNTY, NEW YORK: RANDOM HOUSE, 1980.
THE ECONOMY OF CITIES, NEW YORK: RANDOM HOUSE, 1969
THE DEATH AND LIFE OF GREAT AMERICAN CITIES, NEW YORK: RANDOM HOUSE AND VINTAGE BOOKS, 1961
IDEAS THAT MATTER: THE WORLDS OF JANE JACOBS, EDITED BY MAX ALLEN, OWEN SOUND, ONTARIO: THE GINGER PRESS, 1997.
In 1968, Jane Jacobs made a decisive move, relocating with her family to Toronto as a protest against the Vietnam War. In her newfound Canadian residence, she emerged as an unyielding critic of authoritative, top-down urban planning. During the early 1970s, Jacobs spearheaded the Stop Spadina Campaign, fervently opposing the construction of a major highway that threatened to dissect Toronto's vibrant neighborhoods Her advocacy extended to championing greater autonomy for the City of Toronto, denouncing the inflated electric company Ontario Hydro, advocating for substantial revisions to Toronto's Official Plan and related planning policies, and resisting the expansion of the Toronto Island Airport. Beyond her groundbreaking work, 'The Death and Life of Great American Cities,' Jacobs' intellectual horizons expanded, leading to explorations in economics, morals, and social relations. Notable subsequent books include 'The Economy of Cities' (1969), 'The Question of Separatism' (1980), 'Cities and the Wealth of Nations' (1984), 'Systems of Survival' (1993), and, more recently, 'The Nature of Economies' (2000).
Embracing her adopted country, Jacobs became a Canadian citizen in 1974 and remained a resident of Toronto until her passing on April 25th, 2006.
Jacobs viewed cities through the lens of living, breathing entities and intricate ecosystems. She posited that buildings, streets, and neighborhoods evolve akin to dynamic organisms, adapting in accordance with human interactions Jacobs intricately detailed how every facet of a citybe it sidewalks, parks, neighborhoods, governance, or the economy - collaboratively operates, much like a finely tuned natural ecosystem. This insightful perspective grants us the ability to comprehend the inner workings of cities, identify points of weakness, and envision more effective and resilient urban structures.
Delving into the origins of automotive history, we find compelling reasons behind the need for shelters for the earliest cars. Firstly, due to their design, these vehicles boasted an open structure, lacking the protective covering of roofs Secondly, the hefty price tags attached to these early automobiles drove owners to seek shelter, guarding their prized possessions against the elements— rainstorms and snowfall included.
Film recommendation
"Citizen Jane:
The need for shelters for the earliest automobiles stemmed from a couple of key factors Firstly, the design of these vehicles left them exposed, lacking roofs or any enclosing structure Secondly, the high cost of early cars made their owners reluctant to risk exposure to harsh elements like rain or snow, emphasizing the necessity for protective shelter.
In her insightful exploration of urban and economic development, Jacobs shed fresh perspectives on the essence of local economies. Challenging established beliefs that tied city origins to agricultural progress, emphasized specialized and highly efficient economies for sustained growth, and favored sizable, unchanging enterprises as innovation hubs, she unveiled a novel model for local economic progress. Her approach focused on integrating new forms of work into existing frameworks, empowering small businesses, and nurturing the innovative spirit of urban visionaries.
"Old ideas can sometimes use new buildings. New ideas must use old buildings."
Singapore stands as Asia's second-largest haven for millionaires, trailing only behind Tokyo Boasting an impressive tally of 249,800 millionaires, among them 336 centi-millionaires and 26 billionaires, this city-state is recognized globally for its unparalleled businessfriendliness and ranks high on the list of preferred locations for migrating millionaires
Since gaining independence in 1965, Singapore has taken proactive steps to leverage technology and innovation, effectively turning a small island with limited resources into a thriving, globally acclaimed city-state renowned for its high quality of life.
Introduction: Singapore, a city-state synonymous with progress, stands as a beacon of modern urban development. Nestled in Southeast Asia, this vibrant metropolis has consistently broken barriers, redefining what urban living means in the 21st century. In this article, we delve into the story of Singapore, exploring how it has shaped modern cities and influenced urban economics globally.
Sustainable Urban Planning: Singapore's success story begins with meticulous urban planning. The city-state has transformed its limited land resources into a wellstructured, sustainable urban landscape. Emphasizing green spaces, efficient public
transportation, and smart infrastructure, Singapore has set the standard for responsible urban development.
Smart Technologies for a Smart City: Singapore's transformation into a smart city is an exemplary showcase of incorporating cutting-edge technology. From the extensive use of sensors for traffic management to the implementation of data analytics for urban planning, Singapore leverages technology to enhance the quality of life for its citizens.
Economic Hub of Asia: As one of Asia's key financial centers, Singapore's economic prowess is a vital aspect of its urban success. Its strategic location, business-friendly policies, and a highly
skilled workforce have attracted multinational corporations, making it a global hub for finance, trade, and innovation.
Efficient Public Transportation: An efficient public transportation system is at the core of Singapore's urban success. The city boasts a well-connected MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) system, making commuting swift and convenient. This has not only reduced traffic congestion but also made urban life more sustainable.
Sustainable Housing Solutions: Singapore has tackled housing challenges creatively. The Housing and Development Board (HDB) offers affordable and welldesigned public housing, catering to a majority of the population The integration of green spaces and sustainable design principles in housing promotes a high quality of life.
Social Cohesion and Inclusivity: Singapore's success extends to its emphasis on social inclusivity. Policies promoting racial and religious harmony, coupled with a strong focus on education and healthcare, have cultivated a cohesive society that embraces diversity.
Global Inspiration for Modern Cities: Singapore's success story has reverberated across the globe, inspiring other cities to adopt similar strategies. Its urban planning models, smart city initiatives, and sustainable practices have become a blueprint for urban development in many parts of the world.
Singapore's journey from a small trading post to a global urban powerhouse is a testament to effective urban planning, technological innovation, and a commitment to sustainable development. As modern cities grapple with the challenges of rapid urbanization, they can draw inspiration from Singapore's success and strive to create urban landscapes that are not just smart and efficient but also inclusive and sustainable.
Garden City of the Future: Singapore, often referred to as the "Garden City," seamlessly blends modern skyscrapers with lush greenery, presenting an urban landscape that defies conventional city aesthetics Its commitment to preserving and incorporating nature within the urban fabric sets an inspiring precedent for sustainable urban living.
Culinary Kaleidoscope: Singapore's culinary scene is a vibrant tapestry of flavors and cultures, reflecting its diverse populace. From street hawker centers to Michelin-starred restaurants, the city-state offers an unparalleled gastronomic adventure, where the aroma of satay mingles with the sizzle of noodles, enticing food enthusiasts from around the world.
Skyline of Dreams: The Singapore skyline is an architectural masterpiece, showcasing futuristic designs that define modernity. The iconic Marina Bay Sands, resembling a ship atop skyscrapers, and the mesmerizing Gardens by the Bay with its Supertree Grove, encapsulate Singapore's relentless pursuit of urban innovation and avant-garde aesthetics.
In early 2021, Singapore's government unveiled an ambitious initiative: the creation of Tengah, a cutting-edge ecosmart city situated in the western region of the island. Encompassing five residential districts and 42,000 houses sprawling across 700 hectares, Tengah aims to embody sustainability through innovative systems like automated waste disposal, fostering a cleaner environment The urban landscape will prioritize pedestrian-friendly areas and subterranean roads, mirroring a 'forest town' vibe with extensive green spaces including public gardens and a nature reserve. Despite Singapore's relatively compact population, the percapita carbon footprint is notably high, largely attributed to extensive air conditioning usage essential due to the city's perpetual tropical climate. Addressing this concern, the city planners are integrating a centralized cooling system to efficiently manage household temperatures, a step toward reducing energy consumption. This 'forest town' vision seamlessly weaves nature into the urban fabric, complementing the existing parks, vertical gardens, and green spaces both indoors and outdoors. Remarkably, Singapore already boasts an impressive 47% of green space across its land, cementing its reputation as a 'garden city,' as noted by the Centre for Liveable Cities (CLC) in 2020.
At present, over 50% of the global populace resides in cities. Projections indicate that by 2050, urban areas will accommodate approximately 70% of the world's population Interestingly, despite this surge, over 60% of the land projected to transition into urban areas by 2030 remains undeveloped.
New York City, epitomizing a vibrant metropolis, captivates a diverse audience with its dynamic ambiance, cultural richness, and an abundance of dining, shopping, and artistic experiences. Recognized as a haven for artists, it houses a thriving community of over 55,000 creative minds. The cityscape is adorned with a multitude of art galleries, ranging from intimate local showcases to world-famous institutions like the Museum Of Modern Art and the charming yet lesser-known Neue Gallerie on 5th Avenue. Furthermore, New York is hailed for its unrivaled theater scene, boasting top-notch Broadway productions and a lively array of musical performances. Its reputation as a hub for live music and stand-up comedy remains unparalleled globally. In this city, one can indulge in weeks of entertainment, attending a diverse range of Broadway shows or comedy performances each night, with an inexhaustible array of options to explore.
In times of old, urban and suburban areas featured gatehouses as the initial abodes for storing vehicles. As the 18th and 19th centuries rolled in, carriage houses also transitioned into storage spaces. In colonial America, homeowners often encountered a separation between their residence and the carriage house, prompting them to navigate various conditions to reach their vehicles.
There are more than 50,000 cities in the world.
In the ever-evolving landscape of urban living, the term "smart city" has emerged as a beacon of innovation and sustainable progress. As our cities grapple with growing populations and increasing technological advancements, the concept of a smart city has gained significant traction. But what does it truly mean for a city to be 'smart'? In this exploration, we delve into the essence of a smart city, dissecting its multifaceted dimensions and understanding the transformation it promises. Join us on a journey to unravel the intricacies, opportunities, and potential that lie within the smart city paradigm, envisioning a future where urban living harmonizes seamlessly with cuttingedge technologies for the greater good.
In the realm of urbanization and technological advancement, the Smart City concept stands as a beacon of progress, promising a future that seamlessly integrates innovation and sustainability into the urban tapestry. As populations grow and cities burgeon, the need for efficient, sustainable, and technologically empowered urban spaces becomes paramount. The Smart City concept rises to meet this need, envisioning a connected, intelligent, and environmentally conscious cityscape.
A Smart City embodies a vision of an urban center that leverages cutting-edge technology and datadriven strategies to enhance the quality of life for its residents The essence of a Smart City lies in the integration of various interconnected systems that optimize resource usage, enhance connectivity, improve sustainability, and drive economic growth. These cities are designed to harness data and advanced technologies to manage urban assets and services, ensuring efficiency, responsiveness, and a high standard of living.
The concept of a 'smart city' entails employing strategic approaches to enhance connectivity and streamline a city's public services and infrastructure. Described by the Treccani encyclopedia as 'urban planning strategies linked to innovation,' the primary objective is to enhance the well-being of citizens by leveraging advancements. The Smart City goes beyond mere intelligence; it embodies innovation, effectiveness, sustainability, and seamless interconnectedness.
The smart city model
"The foundation of a Smart City is built upon six core pillars, embodying the fundamental tenets of sustainable urban growth.
Intelligent Governance The administration of a Smart City prioritizes its people, recognizing the populace and the intricate interconnections between them as its most valuable asset.
Collaborative Economy At the heart of a Smart City's economic model lies collaboration and active participation. Here, innovation and sustainability harmoniously coexist, contributing not only to economic advancement but also the overall welfare of the community.
Sustainable Environment A Smart City's evolution leads to enhanced efficiency in both public and private structures. The waste management cycle transforms into a virtuous loop, embracing a circular economy as the primary approach to managing the city's assets.
Empowered Citizens In conjunction with intelligent governance, active involvement from the grassroots level assumes paramount importance. A Smart City empowers its residents, valuing their voices and inclusivity. Society transforms into a participatory entity, responsive to the needs of every individual, leaving no one behind.
Enhanced Living Daily life experiences a surge in efficiency, safety, and ingenuity within a Smart City. The assurance of health, education, and safety for all becomes a primary focus.
Sustainable Mobility Many cities are already adopting smart mobility solutions, encompassing the future of mobility, including shared and electric alternatives. Public and private transportation systems transition towards sustainability, endorsing eco-friendly options and promoting shared and green mobility
1. 2. 3. 4 5.In the intricate tapestry of a city, public spaces stand as a mirror reflecting the urban soul. They have the power to elevate a city, becoming a beacon of vitality and a testament to its unique character. Conversely, neglected public spaces can encapsulate decay and sterility, illustrating the city's deterioration. In essence, a public space can either be an invaluable asset or a potential liability.
In many cities grappling with constrained budgets and limited revenue allocations, public spaces are frequently perceived as liabilities, often overshadowing the inherent benefits they offer and the value they bring to the urban landscape
Consider the quintessential main street or a bustling central park; they possess the potential to define a city's essence, yet are occasionally neglected in terms of funding and maintenance.
Take, for instance, the streets an expensive real estate where automobiles dominate, consuming a significant surface area. Astonishingly, an average commuter's drive in the United States occupies a staggering 67 square meters, highlighting the colossal impact of cars on urban space (Bertaud 2018) Despite this, a majority of cities overlook the implementation of road pricing or appropriate charges for vehicle users to adequately compensate for their use of road space.
Consequently, the upkeep of public spaces in such cities often takes a backseat, limited to makeshift solutions like filling potholes, mending sidewalks,
or sporadically fixing streetlights. The holistic accessibility and equitable distribution of public spaces to serve diverse city neighborhoods become afterthoughts. Regrettably, this piecemeal and ad hoc approach sets off a disheartening downward spiral, perpetually draining public resources. In the grand scheme of urban evolution, it is imperative for cities to recalibrate their perspective on public spaces Viewing them not as liabilities, but as investments that yield long-term benefits, can be a game-changer. The revitalization and proper maintenance of public spaces can foster a sense of community, attract tourists, and stimulate economic growth through enhanced real estate values and local businesses.
It is time for city planners and policymakers to embrace a paradigm shift recognizing the true worth of public spaces and strategizing for their sustainable development. A city's soul is embodied in its public spaces; let us nurture and celebrate these urban gems, for they define our cities and, in turn, our way of life.
"Public spaces are the beating heart of a city, where communities unite, stories unfold, and the essence of urban life comes alive."
In the grand scheme of urban evolution, it is imperative for cities to recalibrate their perspective on public spaces. Viewing them not as liabilities, but as investments that yield long-term benefits, can be a game-changer The revitalization and proper maintenance of public spaces can foster a sense of community, attract tourists, and stimulate economic growth through enhanced real estate values and local businesses
Reassess Finances: Recognize public spaces as strategic assets; allocate budgets for their upkeep and growth.
Community Engagement: Involve residents in envisioning and revitalizing public areas, fostering ownership and community bonds.
Data-Driven Choices: Use data analytics to inform decisions, optimizing improvements based on usage patterns
Sustainability Focus: Design eco-friendly, renewable, and efficient public spaces for enhanced appeal.
Tech and Innovation: Utilize smart tech like sensors and apps to improve accessibility and interactivity.
Collaborative Partnerships: Partner with private, non-profit, and academic sectors to boost development.
Advocacy and Awareness: Promote public awareness of public spaces' benefits for quality of life and economic growth By embracing this holistic approach, cities can turn liabilities into assets, creating vibrant urban communities."
In the heart of every thriving city lies the promise of its public spaces, pulsating with potential and community aspirations As cities evolve and grow, it is imperative to recognize that investing in these spaces is an investment in the very soul of urban life. By embracing a strategic blueprint that encompasses financial foresight, community involvement, sustainability, technology integration, and collaborative synergy, cities can transform their public spaces into vibrant hubs of civic pride and prosperity. Let us envision cities where public spaces echo the dreams and desires of their inhabitants, fostering a rich tapestry of vibrant communities and nurturing a flourishing urban life
In the vibrant labyrinth of New York City, innovation thrives as the concrete jungle embraces a technological renaissance. The city that never sleeps is also the city that never stops evolving, exemplified by its ambitious smart city pilot program launched in 2020. This groundbreaking initiative propelled New York into the future, where hundreds of smart sensors and cutting-edge technologies were strategically deployed across its diverse districts.
At the core of this revolution lies the gathering and analysis of invaluable data. These smart sensors meticulously collect information, providing essential insights that streamline critical services like waste management and collection New York
New York City exemplifies urban innovation, embracing technology for sustainability and efficiency Smart hubs with contactless tech, WiFi, and charging stations have redefined connectivity, seamlessly merging the digital and physical realms. Car-sharing services combat traffic and emissions, showcasing the city's commitment to a greener future NYC also nurtures local creativity through an annual app innovation contest, leveraging open data sets for tangible urban advancements. This transformation is a testament to resilience, determination, and a vision of a connected, sustainable future. The Big Apple leads, inspiring cities worldwide in the exciting journey of urban innovation
New York City's evolution into a smart city is not just a technological transformation; it is a symbol of resilience. Despite challenges and adversities, the city stands tall, an unyielding beacon of hope and determination The commitment to optimizing urban living while ensuring a sustainable and connected future is a testament to the city's indomitable spirit.
In the bustling heart of the world, New York City stands as an epitome of modernity and ambition, captivating souls with its vibrant energy and sky-piercing dreams. This essay delves into the essence of the city that never sleeps, exploring its dynamic character, technological marvels, and a culture that embraces diversity and creativity.
,New York City, with its diverse populace, technological prowess, nurturing of creativity, and resilience, encapsulates the epitome of a modern metropolis Its skyline, a testament to human achievement, stands tall, echoing the dreams and aspirations of millions, beckoning dreamers from every corner to come, thrive, and be a part of its ever-evolving tale.
“In the heart of chaos, New York City orchestrates the symphony of dreams.”
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"The economist's elixir: coffee fuels numbers and awakens strategies."
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Once upon a time, in the caffeinated kingdom of Econoville, lived a diligent economist named Max. Every morning, Max followed a precise ritual - first, a sip of coffee strong enough to wake the dead, and then he'd embark on his economic adventures. One morning, as Max sipped his magical brew, an idea struck him. He thought, "What if I could calculate the GDP of Coffee Land, where beans were the currency, and cafes were the stock exchange?" He feverishly scribbled on napkins, outlining his grand economic thesis.
Max became so engrossed in his musings that he accidentally spilled coffee all over his notes. In a frenzy, he tried to salvage his calculations, and as he did, he found the perfect correlation between caffeine intake and ingenious economic theories. And thus, "Max's Law" was born: The more coffee an economist drinks, the more brilliant their economic insights become! From that day on, Max sipped his coffee proudly, knowing that every drop was fuel for economic enlightenment.
In the labyrinth of urban life, dreams rise like skyscrapers, touching the sky of endless possibilities.
Every corner holds a tale, every structure whispers of the past, present, and the dreams that built them.
The city orchestra plays a beautiful symphony, where each note is a different culture, resonating in harmony.
Urbanization stands as a defining trend of the 21st century Predictions indicate a substantial rise, with urban population in South Asia and SubSaharan Africa more than doubling by 2050, from 55% to 68%. Presently, over half of the global population, about 4 billion people, reside in urban areas. Anticipated rural to urban migration and overall population growth will drive this proportion to 68%, encompassing 6.3 billion people by 2050 an addition of 2.3 billion to urban regions (UNDESA, 2018) The most notable surge, approximately 90%, is expected in the world's least affluent regions, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, where urban population is set to double in the coming two decades (UNDESA, 2018).
In the realm of urban geography, a city is described as a contiguous urban area, its borders unconstrained by territorial or administrative boundaries UNICEF sheds light on the term 'urban area,' emphasizing its varying definitions, which evolve within countries and over time, presenting a challenge for direct comparisons.
The criteria for urban demarcation encompass administrative boundaries, population size thresholds (typically around 2,000 people, though globally variable), population density, economic dynamics, and the presence of urban features such as infrastructure and utilities
Interestingly, the cities experiencing the most rapid growth often grapple with financial limitations compared to their counterparts. Their pace of annual population expansion is inversely linked to per capita income a reflection of the challenge in aligning limited resources with the burgeoning demands of urban infrastructure. Moreover, many swiftly expanding cities are situated in regions with constrained water resources, presenting an additional hurdle to sustainable growth.
In the sun-kissed town of Bol, tennis isn't just a game it's a tradition deeply ingrained in its vibrant culture. Standing proudly with a population of 1,664, Bol boasts a tennis stadium with 2,000 seats, a spectacle unique in its own right.
At the heart of this tennis haven lies the expansive tennis center, a gem in European tennis circles. With 26 meticulously crafted clay courts, Bol beckons tennis enthusiasts from all corners. Patricio Travel, the German tennis travel giant, orchestrates tennis schooling, offering novices and aspiring tournament players a chance to learn from seasoned trainers
But Bol isn't just about the courts; it's about the tournaments that make the tennis fervor palpable throughout the year From casual games to esteemed events like the ITF tur and WTA, Bol hosts a tennis fiesta. The ITF Senior Adidas Open by Bluesun, a grand event with over 400 participants, lights up the town every September. Not to forget the WTA Bol Ladies Open, which catapulted Bol to global fame, attracting tennis luminaries like Ana Kournikova, Mirjana Lucic, and Iva Majoli.
While tennis reigns supreme, Bol isn't a one-note town. It dances to the tunes of the wind, making it a windsurfing and kite-surfing paradise. The Mediterranean sun smiles on Bol, making it a year-round sporting haven. Whether you're a sports club or a bunch of enthusiasts seeking an adrenaline-fueled escapade, Bol crafts tailor-made trips to satiate your thirst for action.
In Bol, sports isn't just a pastime; it's a way of life, an invitation to embrace the sun and the sea from April to November, amidst a backdrop of perfect weather.
Bol, a charming Croatian municipality nestled in the sun-kissed embrace of Brač Island, is a picturesque retreat boasting a population of 1,630 as of 2011. Derived from the Latin "vallum," Bol is a name that echoes through time, leaving a legacy of natural wonders and vibrant culture. At the heart of Bol's allure lies the famed Zlatni Rat, or the 'Golden Cape,' a beach that beckons with its shifting pebble rock promontory. Carved by the tides of the Adriatic Sea, this geological marvel showcases the dance between land and sea, offering a mesmerizing spectacle to those who venture here. With crystal clear, invigorating waters and a backdrop of the Dalmatian coast, Zlatni Rat is the crown jewel of Bol, inviting both locals and travelers to soak up the sun.
Beyond the captivating coast, Bol unveils a vibrant tapestry of tourism, where harborside bars and restaurants echo with laughter and clinking glasses. Adventurous spirits flock here for the exhilarating windsurfing conditions that grace Bol's azure waters. A visit to the Dominican church in Bol unveils a brush with art, housing numerous paintings by the esteemed artist, Tripo Kokolja.
Yet, Bol's allure doesn't merely lie in its sun-soaked beaches and cultural gems. It's a place where culinary artistry dances on taste buds, offering a symphony of flavors from traditional Croatian dishes to global delights. Bol's kitchens are a hub of creativity, where local chefs infuse their expertise and training into every dish. The art and craft of cooking, a delightful journey steeped in tradition and innovation, finds its stage here.
Bol is more than a destination it's a sensory experience, an immersion into the Adriatic's embrace, a celebration of nature's wonders, and a testament to the artistry of its people.
Urbanization is an ongoing, unstoppable trend. Essential to smart cities, smart devices facilitate efficient data gathering, transmission, and management. These devices encompass a range of technology, from sensors and cameras to Bluetooth beacons, automating tasks and collecting data for city enhancement Integration of IoT technology is a key aspect, enhancing overall urban structure.
In 2014, Westminster, London introduced SmartPark, a smart parking initiative streamlining parking spot location, mitigating traffic congestion and unnecessary searches for parking
EUROPE IS AT THE FOREFRONT OF THIS MOVEMENT, PROPELLED BY PROACTIVE EU EFFORTS AND SUBSTANTIAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT. IN CONTRAST, NORTH AMERICA, ALTHOUGH HIGHLY URBANIZED, IS CATCHING UP IN THE SMART CITY ARENA, PARTICULARLY FOCUSING ON ENHANCING PUBLIC SAFETY AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT THE JOURNEY TOWARDS SMARTER CITIES CONTINUES, PROMISING A FUTURE WHERE TECHNOLOGY ENRICHES URBAN EXPERIENCES FOR ALL
Copenhagen strives to pioneer as the first carbon-neutral smart city by 2025. Its Nordhavn district showcases innovative heating and smart-grid integration, presenting an integrated energy system model incorporating electricity and heat, energy-efficient buildings, and electric transport
New York City embarks on a connected vehicle (CTV) project to curtail trafficrelated fatalities, injuries, and damages to vehicles and infrastructure. This CTV initiative emphasizes safety applications, leveraging vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-toinfrastructure, and infrastructure-topedestrian communications for a safer urban environment Imagine a city where every step you take contributes to a cleaner, greener future. Smart cities bring us closer to this reality, with smart devices seamlessly woven into the urban fabric, optimizing resources and transforming the way we live In the heart of Copenhagen, the Nordhavn district is a living testament to a future we all strive for a place where sustainable energy solutions and cutting-edge technology converge to create a blueprint for the cities of tomorrow.
Amsterdam stands as a stellar model of a well-connected smart city reaping the benefits of an open data policy. The Smart City initiative, launched in 2009, encompassed a staggering 170 projects, propelling the city into a new era of innovation.
In an era where information is gold, Amsterdam generously shares traffic and transportation data with various stakeholders, enabling the creation of mapping apps seamlessly integrated with the city’s transport systems. This datadriven approach has revolutionized city navigation for all, making it a breeze to traverse Amsterdam's vibrant streets
But that’s not all; Amsterdam embraced autonomous delivery boats called ‘roboats’ to maintain efficient operations. Furthermore, they pioneered a solution to overcrowding with a sustainable alternative a floating village of houses. These innovative communities generate their power and purify water directly from the river, setting an impressive standard for sustainability.
At the heart of these groundbreaking innovations lies shared data, making it accessible online for everyone. These initiatives underline how smart city technologies ease everyday tasks and alleviate urban challenges related to public safety, traffic, and the environment. Notably, connected vehicles are spearheading public transit, with projections indicating their significant presence on the roads in the coming years, offering exciting possibilities for smarter commuting through features like voice search and location data capabilities.
Cities around the world are turning to technology and advanced networks to help them manage resource constraints.
Europe stands at the forefront of global smart city advancement. The EU has actively promoted smart city development among its member nations, backing this drive with a substantial allocation of 365 million euros by the European Commission. On the other hand, despite being the most urbanized region globally, North America has been slower to embrace the smart city trend Nonetheless, major North American cities have made significant strides with ongoing smart city projects, particularly in the domains of public safety and traffic
The world is witnessing an ongoing urban revolution as cities transform into smarter, more connected spaces. From Amsterdam's data-sharing initiatives enhancing transportation to New York City's innovative connected vehicle project improving safety, various cities are harnessing smart technologies to enhance urban living
Discover the dynamic world of urban innovators shaping our smart, interconnected future cities. Anthony M Townsend's 'Smart Cities' offers a comprehensive exploration of how cities worldwide, from Beijing to Boston, are embracing cutting-edge technology to tackle the complex issues of modern urban life. Delving into the motivations, ambitions, and limitations of key players like entrepreneurs, mayors, philanthropists, and software developers, this book provides an insightful glimpse into the evolving urban landscape and its architects.
Delve into the transformation of our modern cities in the twenty-first century through the acclaimed work of urbanist Richard Florida. His bestseller, 'The Rise of the Creative Class,' explores the emergence of a distinctive social class shaping the economy, geography, and workplaces of our era. Comprised of a diverse array of professionals - from engineers to artists, entrepreneurs to researchers - this Creative Class holds the key to innovative progress. Florida's updated edition provides a refined profile of this class, integrating the latest research and global insights, shedding light on their influence in workplaces and cities, making it a definitive guide to our evolving contemporary economy.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the landscape and holds potential to positively impact rural economies globally With approximately 3 4 billion individuals residing in rural areas, lacking essential resources, knowledge, and market access, the crisis has underscored the need for connectivity and digital infrastructure. The return of migrant workers to rural Indian villages highlighted the importance of digital connectivity in integrating rural populations with the global community. Governments, recognizing their limitations, must seek collaborative solutions to address these challenges.
The book 'How to Create Smart Villages' presents a compelling vision of how both established corporations and startups can play a crucial role in addressing the needs of rural communities while tapping into burgeoning growth markets.
Written by Solomon Darwin, a pioneer of the Smart Village Movement and Executive Director at the Haas School of Business, this book emphasizes the necessity of collaboration between businesses, governments, academics, and civil society to drive innovation and bring about positive change. The Smart Villages concept, as defined by Darwin and Henry Chesbrough, envisions digitally empowered communities utilizing Open Innovation platforms to connect with global markets. Drawing on their extensive research and practical experiences in Indian villages, the authors showcase the tangible impact of business-driven innovation through Open Innovation ecosystems. The book narrates success stories, lessons learned, and challenges encountered since the inception of the movement in 2016, offering valuable insights into accelerating economic and social progress in rural India and beyond. It serves as an enlightening guide, urging readers to become part of the Smart Village Movement and contribute to the prosperity of village communities, which are the life source for people worldwide.
A highly effective method to discover suitable references across diverse subjects, including Economics, is to identify the most frequently cited authors in that particular field. The frequency with which an author's articles are cited can indicate the credibility of their work. Google Scholar provides a list of the top-cited authors in economics, serving as a valuable tool for locating the most reputable references.
Andrei Shleifer
The first top-cited is Andrei Shleifer, a professor of economics at Harvard University His most cited paper is “Law and finance” which is cited 43652 times since 1998.
Oliver E. Williamson
The second is Oliver E Williamson, professor emeritus of economics and law at UC Berkeley “The economic institutions of capitalism. Firms, markets, relational contracting” is his most cited article cited 48739 times since 2007.
Paul R. Krugman
The third one is Paul R. Krugman, professor of economics and international affairs in Princeton. His paper “Increasing returns and economic geography” has been cited 15480 times since 1991.
Kenneth J. Arrow
Kenneth J. Arrow is the 4th most cited author. He is a professor of economics emeritus at Stanford University with his most cited article “Social choice and individual values” which has been cited by 19977 since 2012.
James Heckman
The 5th and last one is James Heckman, a professor of economics at the University of Chicago, American Bar Foundation Research Fellow. His article
“Sample selection bias as a specification error ” has been cited 29406 times since 1979 and is his most cited article
Throughout history, human settlements have evolved, with some ancient settlements being debated as true cities. The advantages of concentrated living encompassed lower transportation expenses, a flow of ideas, communal access to resources, extensive local markets, and sometimes modern amenities like plumbing and waste systems. However, this growth often introduced downsides including increased crime rates, higher mortality, elevated living expenses, environmental pollution, traffic, and lengthy commute times. Cities flourish when the advantages of closeness among individuals and businesses outweigh the drawbacks.
The birth of early civilizations, often deemed as the first complex human societies, dates back to around 3000 BC in the river valleys of regions such as Mesopotamia, Minoan Crete, India, China, and Egypt. A surge in agricultural output fueled a notable increase in the human populace and the establishment of urban centers. The peoples in regions like Southwest Asia and Egypt played a pivotal role in shaping what we now recognize as Western civilization They pioneered the concept of cities, grappled with the challenges of structured states, transitioning from smaller community setups to more extensive territorial domains and eventually evolving into powerful empires. However, notably, Egypt stood out for its relative lack of major urban centers among these early civilizations.
were not merely geographic entities but the beating hearts of societies, teeming with life, commerce, and innovation
The narrative of ancient urbanism unfolds against the backdrop of flourishing civilizations. The establishment of mighty empires with concentrated political power and the burgeoning growth in commerce and manufacturing all played vital roles in the genesis of capital cities and hubs of industry and commerce.
In the Hellenistic civilization, which epitomized a fusion of Greek and Eastern influences, cities like Alexandria, Antioch, and Seleucia emerged as beacons of progress. Alexandria, with its legendary Library and Lighthouse, stood as a testament to the ancient world's intellectual and maritime prowess
In the Indian subcontinent, the city of Pataliputra, known today as Patna, was a thriving center of culture, learning, and commerce during ancient times. It bore witness to the grandeur of the Maurya and Gupta empires, making it a vibrant hub in the ancient world
China's ancient capital, Chang'an, presentday Xi'an, was a marvel of urban planning and sophistication. It stood as a testament to the grandeur of the Eastern civilizations and their contributions to the world Carthage, a city of ancient North Africa, was a bustling trade center and a formidable power in the Mediterranean. Its rise and eventual fall in the Punic Wars marked a significant chapter in ancient history.
In the annals of history, ancient times bore witness to the flourishing of diverse civilizations, each contributing to the mosaic of human progress. Central to this cultural tapestry were the bustling epicenters of human activity - cities. These
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Rome, the Eternal City, and its later iteration, Constantinople, now modern-day Istanbul, stood as iconic urban centers that transcended eras. Rome, epitomizing the Roman Empire, showcased incredible engineering feats and cultural richness. Constantinople, strategically positioned between Europe and Asia, wielded influence over the Byzantine Empire, leaving an enduring mark on history
The fabric of early urbanization reveals a diverse and intricate tapestry Archaeological excavations have revealed a spectrum of urban features. Some cities were political hubs with sparse populations, others vibrant trade centers, and some held profound religious importance. The vast array of urban dynamics, encompassing populous political capitals to specialized hubs, emphasizes the intricate nature of ancient societies
Efforts to simplify ancient urbanism into a single factor, like economic advantage, fall short in encapsulating its true essence. The cities of antiquity were multifaceted, molded by a blend of cultural, economic, political, and social influences. As we explore the ancient world, we unearth not only the architectural remnants of these cities but also the spirit of the people who constructed and inhabited them These urban hubs were the crucibles of civilization, where humanity's desire to innovate and thrive found its most genuine manifestation. The resonance of these ancient cities still echoes through the annals of time, shaping our comprehension of urban existence and the human essence.
modernity is not just a trend, but it is sustainability
The epic clash between these titans unfolded in 1686 when Newton unleashed the inaugural volume of his Principia. Hooke boldly claimed that it was his spark of inspiration that guided Newton to the law of universal gravitation. A duel of claims ensued, with Hooke seeking rightful acknowledgment while Newton fiercely denied the origins. In the realm of history, vivid portraits breathe life into eminent figures. Yet, as we ponder, there's a curious absence – no known visage of Robert Hooke. Is Newton the elusive artist, or is there a deeper mystery to unravel? Before we cast Newton as the artful antagonist, we must delve into the enigma: did Hooke's likeness exist at all?
Behold, the mystery deepens with a tantalizing duo of clues. First, a cryptic entry in Hooke's diary, hinting at a portrait's existence. Then, a narrative unfurls in 1710, penned by a curious German voyager, Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach, narrating a visit to the lair of the Royal Society. But in this enigmatic tale, absence speaks loudly too. When Hooke shuffled off this mortal coil, an inventory of his treasures bore no likeness. Even Richard Waller, the chronicler of Hooke's legacy, penned tales in ink but kept silence about any portrait that might have whispered the secrets of Hooke's visage. The plot thickens, the portrait eludes.
With the Internet you can research anything.
JACOB COLLIER
This is hard to accept in the age of the Internet. It has been very hard for me to explain that the more data you get, the less you know what’s going on, and the more iatrogenics you will cause. People are still under the illusion that “science” means more data.
The internet could be a very positive step towards education, organisation and participation in a meaningful society.
NOAM CHOMSKY
Like most technology, the Internet has mixed effects. It's a neutral instrument.
NOAM CHOMSKY
The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow.
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