INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN GRADUATION PROJECT FINAL REPORT "EVERY SINGLE COUNTRY THAT HAS AN AUTO INDUSTRY IS STEPPING FORWARD TO HELP THAT AUTO INDUSTRY. WHY WOULDN'T WE HELP THIS INDUSTRY TOO, BECAUSE IT NEEDS 3.5 MILLION JOBS" JENNIFER GRANHOLM
PRESENTED BY: AYA MOHAMED IBRAHIM ID: 162961
THIS REPORT HAS BEEN DONE BY STUDENT: AYA MOHAMED FOR THE GRADUATION PROJECT UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROFESSORS AND TEACHER ASSISTANTS AT MODERN SCIENCE AND ARTS UNIVERSITY IN THE SPRING SEMESTER OF YEAR 2020/2021
UNDER SUPERVISION OF :
DR. SAMEH ELFEQY DR. OMAR FAWZY DR. RANIA EL MESSEIDY DR. RASHA SAYED
ARC. ALAA ADEL
ARC. BADR MOSTAFA ARC. RANA ADEL
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ABSTRACT Automotive designing and Car spare parts is a world wide industry, and a process of developing the appearance, and to some extent the ergonomics to achieve an advanced level at the economic of a country by exporting multiple spare parts of different types of cars as Egypt is famous in this field. In addition, maintain, fixing and assembling vehicles which are imported to Egypt. Design roles are not associated with requirements for Professional or Chartered-Engineer qualifications. Automotive Industry is a process that starts of repairing and assembling to reach the production. 6th October City is a convenient place to start an Institute that is specialized in teaching body shaping, assembling, and repairing spare parts of cars. 6th October City has multiple of various care spare parts workshops that includes workers who have a good experience in such an Industry. So, considering the future look to create an Egyptian Car Brand, and the absence of this type of Education Institutes in Egypt, this project is designed to illustrate an Educational Institute that focuses in teaching the coming generations Basics and origins of Automotive Industry. This will help students to fit in the market as skilled workers are demand. To create a healthy right educational community that is focused in Automotive design, some researches and studies about this type of Institutes were made and took under consideration to form a similar successful environment. Case studies of these Educational institutes are mentioned to prove this point. The aim of this project is to further increase its efficiency in the global fields in which it operates by educating students how to built, maintain, fix, and develop car spare parts in Automotive Industry. The strategies are mainly concentrating on identifying the needs for the community members, and then analyze these needs in order to set an action plan. The project’s action plan is focusing on attracting the targeted groups or users in order to participate together achieving a common objective. The project’s objectives are using the experience of the old workers and to get benefit from them as they teach students how to maintain, repair, paint, and design car spare parts and shape. In conclusion, this has been the appropriate solution to produce skilled workers who know how to learn and practice this job to fit in the Automotive Field which has a huge shortening from all aspects in Egypt.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ..................................................................................... 1.2 SITE ANALYSIS........................................................................................................ 1.3 SITE SURROUNDINGS .......................................................................................... 1.4 PROGRAM ...............................................................................................................
7-8 9-12 13 14
CHAPTER II : DESIGN APPROACH 2.1 CONCEPTS .............................................................................................................. 2.2 FORM GENERATION ............................................................................................. 2.3 FINAL DESIGN ....................................................................................................... 2.4 ELEVATION ............................................................................................................. 2.5 SECTION ................................................................................................................. 2.6 JURIES ..................................................................................................................... 2.7 ZONING ................................................................................................................... 2.8 CIRCULATION ........................................................................................................ 2.9 LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS........................................................................................
15-17 18 19-21 22 23 24-25 26 26 27
CHAPTER III : SUSTAINABILITY 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY.................................................................. 3.2 ECONOMICAL SUSTAINABILITY ........................................................................ 3.3 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY......................................................................................
28 29 29
CHAPTER IV : CONSTRUCTION 4.1 WALL SECTION ........................................................................................................ 4.2 DETAILS .....................................................................................................................
31 32-33
CHAPTER V : STRUCTURE 5.1 STRUCTURE SYSTEM ............................................................................................. 5.2 3D ISOMETRIC ..........................................................................................................
35 35
CHAPTER VI : ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 6.1 VENTILATION ...............................…………............................................................
37
CHAPTER VII : TECHNICAL ANALYSIS 7.1 ACOUSTIC TREATMENT ..............………...............................................................
39-40
CHAPTER VIII : TECHNICAL ANALYSIS 8.1 PROJECT SHOTS..............……….............................................................................. CHAPTER IX : BIBLIOGRAPHY
42-43 45-47
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01
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
01
1.1 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
CHAPTER
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6th October City, Egypt, (Google maps edited by author ,2021)
6th OCTOBER CITY located in the northeast of Egypt, at the Suez Canal Gate, and is surrounded on the east by North Sinai Governorate, to the south by Ismailia Governorate, and to the west by Damietta Governorate. This is the selected site that the Institute Of Automotive Design would fit the best because it’s well Organized city in terms of urban and design planning so it’s easy to reach the site. As well as; it’s the largest industrial city in Egypt that contains a high number of workshops that would help in practicing what students are educated in this Institute. 6th October city is famous as a students city because of the existed universities and students residency. As the start of the process of repairing and assembling to reach the production of Egyptian Car Brand in the further future vision from training students by exploiting people with better experience. In addition, it’s an important aspect to design the institute to be more likely to the actual environment to help students connecting to it practically. In Conclusion : 1. 6th October City is a city in Giza Governorate, a satellite town and part of the urban area of Cairo, Egypt, 32 km (20 miles) outside the city. It is 17 km (11 mi) from the great pyramids of Giza and 32 km (20 mi) from downtown Cairo. The city has a total area of 482 km2 (119,200 acres). 2. Located in the northeast of Egypt, at the Suez Canal Gate, and is surrounded on the east by North Sinai Governorate, to the south by Ismailia Governorate, and to the west by Damietta Governorate. 3. The settlement was established in 1979 by the 504th presidential decree of Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat as it’s a new city in the desert. 6th of October was the capital of the now defunct 6th of October Governorate.
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1.1 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
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Automotive Design, Collage (Author, 2021)
"The success of the auto industry in Egypt depends on the existence of a strategy for cars and their exit into the light. Without a strategy, no one would dare invest in a market in which the vision of that strong industry is absent.” ADEL BADIR, an expert in the automotive industry While the state seeks to develop the auto industry and rely on this industry as one of the main pillars in developing the national economy, there are some obstacles that Egypt faces, which are that Egypt depends on assembly and not manufacturing, a lack of technical schools specialized in the auto industry, which need machines Sophisticated costs require and may not be borne by the state budget, and the lack of auto training workshops for technicians.
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INTRODUCTION
01 CHAPTER
1.2 SITE ANALYSIS
Site selection criteria is the process of examining multiple options and assessing their relative advantages and disadvantages. There are some characteristics to be noticed as shown in fig(1.2.1) Community
Landmarks
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Regulations Site services
Accessibility
Views
Flexibility
Site selection Criteria, (Author, 2021).
Community: Community of 6th October is the dynamo of the project, due to their talent Automobile industry, car repairing, maintenance, also selling cars spare parts. Landmarks: Cairo international airport nearby the site will attract foreign students, sponsors, and help as with importing machines and tools to the project and will also help in the project’s vision and main objective which is the city branding Accessibility: The site location is very spectacular, it is located among 3 main roads, the ring road , gesr el suez and joseph tito street. It can be reached easily by car or though transportation . Flexibility: The targeted project “ automotive institute” is very flexible and can be extended in the future due to the fact that it is based on the community’s talent in the various car industry fields and related to their heritage. Views: The site should be located to a good view and surroundings to help in the project’s aim and vision which is the city branding. Site services: In a site selection, especially in big projects scale or investments, there should be some site services nearby related to water supplies and electricity and other services.
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INTRODUCTION
01 CHAPTER
1.2 SITE ANALYSIS
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Community SITE I
Landmarks Flexibility Accessibility Views
SITE II
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Points
Site service Total
Very Good
Good
Bad
SITE III The three cites location, Egypt, (google maps, edited by the Author, 2021). According to the site selection criteria and urban analysis, a comparative analysis has been done between the three sites, so site III has no critical problem may affect the project but site one and three did not match the criteria.
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INTRODUCTION
01 CHAPTER
1.2 SITE ANALYSIS LAND USE MAP
SOLID & VOID MAP
6%
Residential
6th of October site
23% 70%
Industrial
35%
Solid
Commercial Educational
6th October City, (google maps, edited by the Author, 2021).
Void
65%
Hospital chart showing land-use, 6th October City Author, 2021.
BUILDING HEIGHTS MAP
ACCESSIBILITY & ROAD HEIRARCHY MAP
6th October City, (google maps, edited by the Author, 2021). 6th of October site 2-5 Stories
6th October City, (google maps, edited by the Author, 2021). 6th of October site
30%
25%
25%
15%
Main
1-2 Stories 5-8 Stories
chart showing solid & void, 6th October City Author, 2021.
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6th October City, (google maps, edited by the Author, 2021). th 6 of October site
Secondary
45%
chart showing building heights, 6th October City Author, 2021.
Neighborhood street ( local streets in neighborhoods)
60%
chart showing road heirarchy, 6th October City Author, 2021.
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INTRODUCTION
01 CHAPTER
1.2 SITE ANALYSIS SWOT ANALYSIS
S
• •
• •
SITE ANALYSIS
Near to the main road of the 26th of July road Presence of many factories specialized in assembling and manufacturing auto parts, such as the Bavarian group for the car industry, the Egyptian German motor company and general motors. Presence of many services near to the area Close to the smart village, 30 km away
Main road crowded (26th of July) Weak lighting in the side roads Checkpoints due to the presence of the house of Adly Mansour, the former president
O
• • •
To many automotive factories will provide job opportunities in future Supplying lighting in the side roads Empty areas (not constructed) may help in rise buildings that might benefit the project
T
• •
High dependence on private sector investors To many random neighborhoods
SKYLINE OF 6TH OCTOBER CITY An outline of the sky described land and buildings.
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W
• • •
Skyline(6th October City, Author,2021)
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INTRODUCTION
01 CHAPTER
1.3 SITE SURROUNDINGS This map shows the urban fabric & surroundings of the selected site
Family Mall
6th October University Library
Higher institute of applied arts
6th October city sports club Banks Court
6th October city Site Map
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6th October University
29°58'17.9"N 30°57'28.3"E
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INTRODUCTION
1.4 PROGRAM
01 CHAPTER
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02 CHAPTER 2
DESIGN APPROACH
DESIGN APPROACH
02 CHAPTER
2.1 CONCEPTS CONCEPT I “Relation to the role of the project to the community”
Car turbine Plan View (carbodydesign, Author, 2021)
Seeing this concept applied of the project will be presented as: These turbines will present the stepped levels of the Automotive Educational Project as internal zones
Body shape of the car that present a zone in the project
Side View sketch of car turbine (carbodydesign, Author, 2021)
CONCEPT I Development ( turning these sketches into architectural shapes and zones )
3 D SHOT
Transition circulation inside the building (vertical circulation)
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First concept main idea is inspired from the Car Turbine in Sport Cars. This turbine is likely to be look the same from elevation as stepped and overlapping levels of building with circulation functions. The target of this concept is to make it as a landmark to be seen so that students recognize it and attract them over.
Depending on the car turbine inspiration, this is the initial design for the concept.
ELEVATION
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DESIGN APPROACH
02 CHAPTER
2.2 CONCEPTS CONCEPT II “Direct inspirations can create beauty and function” The main idea of this concept is inspired from Cars wheels and Turbo which is fitted to a vehicle's engine to improve the overall efficiency and increase performance. The turbo has a circular shape at the center and to cylindrical parts are coming out of it. Comparing that to an architectural concept, the circular shape at the center is the main heart of the project and the two cylindrical parts are the paths that distributes users into zones.
These figures shows the performance of the mass according to the need of space and function related to the concept itself.
Development ( Initial sketch ) These sketches shows harmony between project components and forms. In addition to the sequence of linking zones and different spaces together.
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Cylindrical path
Circular center
Plan
This outer path is inspired from the track of sport cars which define the edge of the project and zones.
Highway Race Car Track
Zoning
3 D Shot
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DESIGN APPROACH
02 CHAPTER
2.2 CONCEPTS Inspirations sketches
CONCEPT III “Relation to form and flexibility”
4 Different zones
It’s inspired from the car movement as it moves through paths and not just only in a straight way. Having the car's path overlapped with the idea of creating passages for pedestrians and student ( users ) result an easier and clarified circulation for them and to achieve smoother integration between indoor and outdoor spaces .
Public access at ground floor
Proximity & Cohesion Car path Zones
Orientation
Initial sketch applying the Concept
Functional zoning diagram Outdoor Activities Area
Entrance
Education zone
Entrance Education zone
Parking Administrati on / MPU
Galleries Galleries Parking
Workshops
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Paths
Outdoor Car Testing Track
Converting it into masses Outdoor Area
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DESIGN APPROACH
02 CHAPTER
2.3 FORM GENERATION PHASE I
Main road of the 26th of July road Outdoor Activity area Educational Zone Secondary Road
Parking
Parking Main Path ( Spine ) Green Areas Buildings Car Testing Track Project Entrances
Galleries & Workshops
PHASE III Conceptual Initial Elevations, sections, and 3d shots.
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PHASE II
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DESIGN APPROACH
02 CHAPTER
2.4 FINAL DESIGN FINAL PHASE
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MASTER PLAN SCALE 1:200
FIRST PLAN SCALE 1:200
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DESIGN APPROACH
02 CHAPTER
2.4 FINAL DESIGN
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SECOND PLAN SCALE 1:200
THIRD PLAN SCALE 1:200
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DESIGN APPROACH
02 CHAPTER
2.4 FINAL DESIGN
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LAYOUT SCALE 1:200
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DESIGN APPROACH
02 CHAPTER
2.5 ELEVATION
FRONT ELEVATION SCALE 1:200
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BACK ELEVATION SCALE 1:200
ADDITIONAL ELEVATIONS SCALE 1:200
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DESIGN APPROACH
02 CHAPTER
2.6 SECTION
SECTION B-B SCALE 1:200
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SECTION A-A SCALE 1:200
SECTION C-C SCALE 1:200
3D SECTION SCALE 1:200
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DESIGN APPROACH
2.7 JURIES
02 CHAPTER
JURY I
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JURY II
25
DESIGN APPROACH
2.7 JURIES
02 CHAPTER
JURY III
FINAL JURY
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JURY IV
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DESIGN APPROACH
2.8 ZONING
02 CHAPTER
SITE ZONING
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2.9 CIRCULATION
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DESIGN APPROACH
2.9 LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS
02 CHAPTER
LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS
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LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS
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03 CHAPTER 3
SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY
03 CHAPTER
3.1 SUSTAINABILITY DEFINITIONS 3.1.1 General Definition : Avoiding the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance.
3.1.2 Architectural Definition : "Sustainable architecture can be defined as the construction of structures for which only renewable resources are used through the design, quality and implementation strategy. Thus the design role for sustainable architecture should also include the construction and transport of resources and materials, components, building equipment and performance. "(nzdl.org, 2011) 3.1.3 The Three Approaches Of Sustainability :
3.2.1 General Definition : Environmental sustainability is the rate of renewable resource harvesting, pollution generation and non-renewable resource depletion that can be perpetuated indefinitely. If they can not be continued indefinitely, they are not sustainable. 3.2.2 Architectural Definition : Sustainable architecture is an architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings through efficiency and moderation in the use of materials , energy and space for development and the ecosystem as a whole.
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3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
There Are Certain Environmental Design And Construction Factors Include The Following:
Waste and recycling management
Energy efficiency
Water Management
Air Quality Conservation
Adaption To And Mitigation Of Climate Change
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SUSTAINABILITY
03 CHAPTER
3.2 ECONOMICAL SUSTAINABILITY
3.2.1 General Definition: Economic sustainability refers to practices that promote long-term economic growth without having a negative impact on the social, environmental and cultural aspects of the community. 3.2.2 Architectural Definition: Sustainable buildings typically have lower annual costs for energy , water, maintenance / repair, churn (reconfiguration of space due to changing needs) and other operating costs. ... In addition to direct cost savings, sustainable buildings can provide indirect economic benefits for both the building owner and society.
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Economic Sustainability Impact In The Long Run In All Aspects: • At a global level: • Global energy efficiency measures could save an estimated €280 to €410 billion in savings on energy spending (and the equivalent to almost double the annual electricity consumption of the United States) – European Commission, 2015. • At a building level: • Building owners report that green buildings - whether new or renovated command a 7 per cent increase in asset value over traditional buildings – Dodge Data & Analytics, 2016. 8.3 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY 8.3.1 General Definition: Social sustainability occurs when formal and informal processes; systems; structures; and relationships actively support the capacity of current and future generations to build healthy and viable communities. 8.3.2 Architectural Definition: It's a system that's connected to locations that have an impact on comfort. Involve what people need in the area where they live or work(Magee, Liam; James, Paul; Scerri, Andy, 2012) . The topics that social sustainability concept integrates include but are not limited to; health and social equity, human rights, labor rights, practices and decent working conditions, social responsibility and justice, community development and well-being, product responsibility, community resilience, and cultural competence.
Community
Human Rights
Different Culture
Safe Community Different Activities
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04
CONSTRUCTION
CHAPTER 4
CONSTRUCTION
04 CHAPTER
4.1 WALL SECTION Double Glazing Net System
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WALL SECTIONS DETAIL
33
CONSTRUCTION
04 CHAPTER
4.2 DETAILS Mesh Sun Breakers Brise soleil is a type of solar shading system that uses a series of horizontal or vertical blades to control the amount of sunlight and solar heat that enters a building.
1
Building Structure
2
Curtain wall supporters
3
Curtain wall (Glass)
4
Vertical Mesh Supporter
5
Mesh Sun Breakers 1
Can be made up of blades or take the form of solid shelves (or even walkways) and are constructed from a range of materials, including aluminum and sustainable wood. Installation details with sketches
2 5
3D SECTION
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This systems project is installed above glazing to prevent glare and reduce overheating. The blade or fins allow low-level sun to enter a building in the mornings, evening and during winter but cut out direct summer sun.
4
3
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CONSTRUCTION
04 CHAPTER
4.2 DETAILS HORIZONTAL SUN BREAKERS Sun breaker exterior louvres are a highly efficient shading system designed to protect against the effects of exposure to sunlight, enhance the architectural appearance of the building, while reducing energy consumption from air conditioning. This type is the horizontally fixed louvers on the glass. INSTALLATION METHOD
Horizontal Aluminum Louvers (Fins) Fins Supporters Curtain wall with glazing Curtain wall support truss Building Structure
These louvers mechanism interact with the amount of sun glare direction and move according to it to insure comfort in the indoor zone.
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Wall section shows installation method
Detailed 3D showing Installation parts
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05 CHAPTER 5
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE 5.1 STRUCTUTRE SYSTEM
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5.2 3D ISOMETRIC
05 CHAPTER
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06 CHAPTER 6
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
STRUCTURE
06 CHAPTER
6.1 VENTIALATION INDOOR GLASS- COURTYARD
Court Yard
Passage 1.5m wide
It rely on natural heat-sinks to remove heat from the building. They derive cooling directly from evaporation, convection, and radiation without using any intermediate electrical devices
INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN
Passive light and ventilation The courtyard creates a micro climate of its own to facilitate comfortable light and ventilation in the surrounding spaces. The plants and trees in the courtyard creates a visually calming effect where the eye of the user can rest. Such arrangement is essential in workspaces that has an intense and a busy working atmosphere
Evening
Afternoon
Morning
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07 CHAPTER 7
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
STRUCTURE 7.1 ACOUSTICS TREATMENT
07 CHAPTER
SOUND ABSORPTION AND INSULATION
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STRUCTURE 7.1 ACOUSTICS TREATMENT
07 CHAPTER
SOUND CONTROL WALL
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VISION LINES
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08 CHAPTER 8
3D SHOTS
STRUCTURE 8.1 PROJECT SHOTS
08 CHAPTER
MAIN SHOT
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MAIN SHOT
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STRUCTURE 8.1 PROJECT SHOTS
08 CHAPTER
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09 CHAPTER 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
9.1 TABLE OF REFERENCES
09 CHAPTER
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER II : DESIGN APPROACH • Tony, J. (2014, February 3). Coventry University. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.coventry.ac.uk/ • COREY, B. (2016, September 25). September 25, 1725 – Inventor of the first automobile, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, is born. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://automotivehistory.org/automotive/september-25-1725-inventor-of-the-first-automobilenicolas-joseph-cugnot-is-born/ • Piro, N. (2020, April 22). 1771 Cugnot Fardier a Vapeur: The mother of all motorcars. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.autoweek.com/news/a2118816/1771-cugnot-fardier-vapeurmother-all-motorcars/ • Who invented the automobile? (2006, October 15). Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/item/who-invented-the-automobile/ • Stevic, Z., & Radovanovic, I. (2012, December 19). Energy Efficiency of Electric Vehicles. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.intechopen.com/books/new-generation-of-electricvehicles/energy-efficiency-of-electric-vehicles CHAPTER III : SUSTAINABILITY
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• Rae, J. B., & Binder, A. K. (2018, August 2). Automotive industry. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/automotive-industry. • Zaher, S. (2012). Automotive industry in Egypt. Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/32489885/Automotive_industry_in_Egypt. • Cengage. (2013). Introduction to the Automotive Industry. https://www.dentonisd.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=101340. • Thompson, R. (2019). Automotive maintenance & light repair. Boston, MA: Cengage. • Binder, A. K., & Rae, J. B. (2018, August 2). Automotive industry. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/technology/automotive-industry • Zaher, S. (n.d.). Automotive industry in Egypt. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/32489885/Automotive_industry_in_Egypt
• Read "Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles" at NAP.edu. (2003). Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.nap.edu/read/12924/chapter/4 • Resources in Education. (2000, October 15). Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://books.google.com.eg/books?id=bZS4-cH5bbkC • Figure 2f from: Deltshev C (2016) A new spider species, Heser stoevi sp. nov., from Turkmenistan (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 4: E10095. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10095. (n.d.). doi:10.3897/bdj.4.e10095.figure2f • Yurtoğlu, N. (2018). Http%3a%2f%2fwww.historystudies.net%2fdergi%2f%2fbirinci-dunyasavasinda-bir-asayis-sorunu-sebinkarahisar-ermeni-isyani20181092a4a8f.pdf. History Studies International Journal of History, 10(7), 241-264. doi:10.9737/hist.2018.658
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
9.1 TABLE OF REFERENCES
09 CHAPTER
CHAPTER IV : CONSTRUCTION
CHAPTER V : STRUCTURE • Takeshi, C. (2013). Toyota's Objectives in Global Automotive Industry. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://lawaspect.com/toyotas-objectives-global-automotive-industry/ • Al-Sanadeli, i. (2019, September 13). Expert: The auto industry in Egypt is facing problems. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/4336876 • KhaledMay, F., & Khaled, F. (2019, June 16). Egypt's automotive industry: Between challenges in local production and an electric future. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from http://businessforwardauc.com/2019/05/19/egypts-automotive-industry-between-challenges-inlocal-production-and-an-electric-future/ • Akhbarelyom, E. (2020). Learn about the challenges facing the auto industry. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/2961116/1/%D8%AA%D • Hallman, C. (2020, May 27). 14 Inspirational Quotes from Famous Auto Inventors and Tycoons. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.titlemax.com/14-inspirational-quotesfrom-auto-inventors/ • Karim, A., & Mostafa, Z. (2019, April 22). Automotive Division discusses sector crises. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://wwww.dailynewssegypt.com/2019/04/23/automotivedivision-discusses-sector-crises/ • Zaher, S. (2012). Automotive industry in Egypt. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.academia.edu/32489885/Automotive_industry_in_Egypt
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• https://khatwa-sy.com/Engineering-cars-heavy machinery.html • Abdulsalam, M. (2012, March 20). information about automotive engineering study. Hotcourses UAE. https://www.hotcourses.ae/study-abroad-info/subject-info/automotiive-engineeringstudy/. • Mostafa, Z. (2020, February 21). Strategy for electric car manufacturing in Egypt imperative. Daily News Egypt. https://wwww.dailynewssegypt.com/2020/02/21/strategy-for-electric-carmanufacturing-in-egypt-imperative/. • Maverick, J. B. (2020, May 4). What Raw Materials do Auto Manufacturers Use? Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/062315/what-types-raw-materials-would-be-usedauto-manufacturer.asp • Arora, vicky. (2019, June 29). What material is used in car bodies? - Quora. what material is used in car bodies. https://www.quora.com/What-material-is-used-in-car-bodies • SAB F.P.M Filling and Packaging Machines . SAB F.B.M. (2020, March 14). https://sabsy.com/.
CHAPTER VI : ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS • M, S. (2020). Architecture and Society: Designing Interactions. Sthapatya. http://sthapatya.co/architecture-and-society-designing-interactions/. • Abitare, R. (2011, March 14). The Social Cave. Abitare. http://www.abitare.it/en/architecture/2011/03/14/the-social-cave-3/.
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9.1 TABLE OF REFERENCES
09 CHAPTER
CHAPTER VII : TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN
• Mantois Technology Centre / Badia Berger Architectes Daniel Sánchez https://www.archdaily.com/548125/mantois-technology-centre-badia-berger-architectes • Mantois Technology Centre in Yvelines, France By Badia Berger Architectes https://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2014/09/27/mantois-technology-centre-inyvelines-france-by-badia-berger-architectes/ • Saieh, N. (2010, December 16). Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/96301/kangan-batman-institute-lyons • Gollings, J. (2016, December 16). Gallery of Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons - 1. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/96301/kangan-batman-institutelyons/501345c028ba0d0ef0000a2f-kangan-batman-institute-lyons-photo • Gaete, J. (2012, October 10). Auotmative Industry Exporters Union Technical and Industrial High School / Oficina Asma Bahçeleri Houses. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/277062/automative-industry-exporters-union-technical-andindustrial-high-school-metin-kilic-durrin-suer?ad_source=search. • Holding , A. (2016). Aktaş Holding. https://www.aktasholding.com/en/sayfa.asp?mdl=ebulten • Circulation space. Circulation space - Designing Buildings Wiki. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Circulation_space
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