Zaha Hadid and Constructivism | Study and Analysis

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DESIGN APPROACHES

INTRODUCTION: Zaha Hadid(1950-2016) an Iraqi British architect whose works are a combination of the culture, identity of Iraq and the new thoughts, architectural and artistic schools like Suprematism, Deconstructivism, and Fluidity of Arabic Calligraphy. EARLY INSPIRATIONS: Deconstructivism, a non-Derridean philosophy which is based on ideas from various sources like Suprematism, Constructivism, Parametric architecture or nature to create a sculptural image. INFLUENCERS: Rem Koolhaas, Elia Zenghelis, Kazimir Malevich, Russian Constructivism, Chinese and Japanese architecture; nature was her dominant source of inspiration. TYPES OF PROCESS LEGACIES IN CONSTRUCTIVISM: 1.

2. 3.

An architectural description, emphasizing spatial design solutions and the external appearance of buildings Interactive narrative practices Exhibitions, offering a detailed artistic, anthropological narratives on the avant-garde heritage


UNDERSTANDING CONSTRUCTIVISM “We can only be aware of space if we break away from the earth, if the fulcrum disappears” -Kazimir Malevich (1928) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

“Truth to materials” Constructivism was the last and most influential movement in 20th century Russia Father of Constructivism: Vladimir Tatlin, Laboratory Constructivist Tatlin’s Tower, the Monument to the Third International: The project’s ambition and use of materials made it a world-famous symbol for a utopian dream not yet built. Constructivism in art was an attempt to place art as a purposeful endeavor that encompasses industrial production and social transformation.

SPLIT IDEOLOGIES Constructivists

Contribution

Ideology origin

Malevich and Kandinsky

Abstract art

Art should remain a spiritual activity rather than a means of serving utilitarian needs of society

Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko

Artwork, Sculptures, Architecture

devoted to communism by pursuing industrial design, visual communication and applied arts.

El Lissitzky

Developed a painting style: PROUNS (Project for the Establishment of New Art)

balance, space and form

Naum Gabo

Realistic Manifesto

Five fundamental principles of constructivism


TIMELINE

VLADIMIR TATLIN FIRST CREATED THE COUNTER RELIEF: THE BOTTLE


ROOTS OF DECONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE ― ”Form-finding process actually is a process that exterior forms fit interior structures.” (Yuan and Yi, 2012)

PENTAGRAM OF CONSTRUCTIVIST QUALITIES

HADID’S DESIGN PROCESS: FREE FORM ARCHITECTURE


THE PERCEIVED CONTRADICTION THROUGH HADID’S TECHNIQUES AND FORM’S PRINCIPLES -

BEGINNING PHASE: Early in Hadid’s career, while building relatively few buildings, she was able to synthesize the concepts and formal logic of constructivism into a dynamic architecture of connectivity, continuity, and tectonic shifts.

-

ENDING PHASE: Hadid evolved to design based on principles of Suprematism which is in sharp contrast to Constructivism, embodies a profoundly anti-materialist, anti-utilitarian philosophy.

FDFG

CONSTRUCTIVISM

FDFG

DECONSTRUCTIVISM


HADID’S STRETEDGIES OF DESIGN ―”My work is operating with concepts, logic and methods that examine and organize the complexities of contemporary life patterns.” (Hadid, 2011; Didero, 2012)

OPERATIONAL CYCLE

FDFG


CONSTRUCTIVISM IN ZAHA’S PAINTINGS (1977-1993) If the spatial and social entities of constructivism were to be removed, the resulting product would be that of subversively propelled art.

Malevich’s Tektonik, 1976-7

The Peak, Hong Kong, 1982-3

“My paintings really evolved thirty years ago because I thought the architectural drawings required a much greater degree of distortion and fragmentation to assist our research – but eventually it affected the work of course,” -Zaha

Victoria City Aerial, 1988




MODULAR CONSTRUCTIVISM

3D CUBISM STRAIGHT LINES CONES RECTANGLES CYLINDERS








STEP-01

STEP-02

STEP-03


STEP-04

STEP-05

STEP-06


URBAN SCALE CASE STUDY: VITRA FIRE STATION, GERMANY • • •

SHARP DIRECTIONAL INTERPRETATION SITE CONTEXT AND URBAN LANDSCAPE ANGULAR DISTORTION OF FORMS

BUILDING SCALE


CASE STUDY: VITRA FIRE STATION, GERMANY Key concept of constructivism: • Uniform application of principles in every dimension – plans, views, section, irrespective of theory/ function

Floor plan of the building

FROZEN: Linear form ready to burst into motion

REVERSE ARCHAEOLOGY: Lines become volume

PLANAR FORCES AND ENERGIES: Distortion of spaces to induce dynamism


CASE STUDY: VITRA FIRE STATION, GERMANY

Converting lines into volumes

Roof Plan

Section

Model experimenting with moving volumes


CASE STUDY: VITRA FIRE STATION, GERMANY CONSTRUCTIVISM AS PROCESS DENOMINATOR Hadid’s architecture follows this element of the Constructivist paradigm, creating a landscape which metaphorically , defies gravity. Her paintings for the project show a direct correlation to the drawing practice of the Constructivists.

Monochromatic model


ZAHA’S INTERPRETATION OF TATLIN’S SPIRAL

Video showing derivation for Tatlin’s Tower https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4TxnGcDN4A

Hadid’s abstract painting: Spiral Plan


CONCLUSION TRAJECTORY DEVIATIONS The Constructivist aesthetic induced the trajectory of the Post-Modern discourse of architecture. LAYERING In the formulation of a new patchwork paradigm – incorporating ideas and graphic systems from other periods and disciplines- the Deconstructivist ideal emerged. PARADIGM SHIT (LACK OF DEFINITIVE STYLE) It is not possible to specify a style, and if we do so, there will be a solid opposition thought due to her nonindividualistic ideas. LITERAL NOTION OF CHANGE Zaha Hadid can be remembered not specifically as a neodeconstructivist or clearly constructivist but as an initiator of change. INTUITON Zaha Hadid’s architectural perspective was based on proved philosophies but clearly with her own twist to it.

So, like the continuous spectrum, there is no end nor beginning. In other words, no conclusion. Just deconstruction.


REFERENCES

1.

2.

Mohammad ‘Aref (2011) Zaha Hadid, genius of the place*, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 4:3, 267-287, DOI: 10.1080/17550912.2011.591545 Li, J. W., & Zhang, Y. Y. (2013). Study on the Dynamic Construction in Zaha Hadid’s Early Works. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 357–360, 63–66

3.

https://monoskop.org/IZO_Narkompros

4.

https://monoskop.org/images/8/89/Gan_Aleksei_1922_1976_ Constructivism.pdf

5.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Commissariat_for_ Education

6.

https://artlistr.com/constructivism-6-interesting-facts/

7.

https://monoskop.org/Constructivism#/media/File:Bann_Step hen_1974_A_timeline_of_constructivism.jpg

8.

PISKUNOVA, Larisa & STAROSTOVA, Liudmila & YANKOV, Igor. (2018). The architecture of constructivism: The creative transformation of aesthetic codes and narratives. Creativity Studies. 11. 56-69. 10.3846/cs.2018.540.

9. https://issuu.com/claudiascaravaggi1/docs/book_of_synthesis 10. https://www.archigardener.com/2012/06/constructivismmodernsim-part-2.html#:~:text=theory.,Strasbourg%20France. 11. Karim Fahad, CONSTRUCTIVIST – DECONSTRUCTIVIST – NEO DECONSTRCUTIVIST? Zaha Hadid’s legacy of change, Thesis(2020) 12. https://uk.phaidon.com/agenda/architecture/articles/2016/may/ 17/take-a-look-at-zaha-hadids-incredible-paintings/ 13. https://www.academia.edu/12332322/Zaha_Hadid_and_The_Ru ssian_Revolutionary_Painter_Kazimir_Malevich



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