TOILETS R
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PREFACE The life line of the country, Indian Railway is famous worldwide for reliability and systemic efficiency. It is the largest Asian rail network comprising 115,000 km of track. In 2014-2015, it carried 8,397 billion passengers and roughly more than 23 million passengers a day. The railways has separate sectors taking care of the different needs of the passengers working towards enhancing the travel experience. Of all the services provided during the journey the most critical is the provision of a public toilet. It is the basic need of any individual and requires a certain level of upkeep. The Railway ministry has pro-actively worked towards launching policies and testing innovations in this sphere. Yet, the Indian populous has shown dissatisfaction in the current scenario. This project is an endeavor towards making toilets that serve the Indian user.
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CONTENTS Design Need
5
Research
8
Existing Designs Visits On-board surveys New Materials & Technologies Global scenario
The system
36
Insights
38
Ideation
40
Components Layouts Mock ups
Final Design
74
Features Repair and maintenance
Future scope
85
Bibliography
86
Credits
88
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DESIGN NEED Toilets in a mobile environment have often been treated no different than those on stable grounds but the fact is that the design of such spaces require an in depth understanding of the physics that applies to it and sensitivity towards the user of how it affects them. Design thinking is the key to getting to a solution that is inclusive of all kinds of user scenarios. By the use of systemic approach we can map all issues, whether apparent or hidden. Therefore, helping us find ways to add value to the user’s experience, that is, find opportunities in an otherwise overlooked area.
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RESEARCH Integral Coach Factory (ICF) SCN coach toilets There is absolutely no doubt in saying that ICF coaches have been the backbone of the Indian Railways. They have hauled tens of billions of people relentlessly every year. But it is an older design and is soon going out of production due the upgrades in technology and aesthetics made in the newer LHB coaches.
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THE EXISTING DESIGNS Linke Hoffman Busch (LHB) coaches LHB coaches are characterized by a sleeker finish than ICF coaches, better suspension, sound reduction and ride quality, not to mention significantly larger windows that lack the heavy tinting seen in the most ICF AC coaches. They are also safer than ICF coaches in the event of an accident or collision. LHB coaches are longer and seat layouts coaches differ. Today, LHB coaches are manufactured by the Rail Coach Factory (Kapurthala) under a Transfer of Technology agreement.
Train Rajdhani/ Shatabdi trains AC first AC2 tier AC3 tier 2nd AC chaircar 1st AC chaircar Mail/Express trains AC first AC 2 tier AC 3 tier General Second Second Sleeper
LHB
ICF
24 52 72 78 56
18 48 64 67 46
24 52 72 99 78
18 48 64 90 72
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RESEARCH New Delhi Railway Station Yards (NDLS) Our first visit was about understanding the existing technologies (bio-toilets) and the experiments (vacuum assisted toilets) that were being carried out by the NCR railways. We also looked at the IOH servicing of the train. The exterior of the train is washed with high pressure water jet and cleaned using nylon brushes and detergent. The interiors are swept clean and checked for any faulty component.
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THE VISITS
Fixtures and fittings are replaced in case broken or stolen. The interiors are thoroughly cleaned using high pressure water jets and other cleaning agents (mo clean etc). It is swept dry and perfumed. The trash is collected in black garbage bags and disposed off.
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RESEARCH Ahmedabad Yard Visit (ADI) The Ahmedabad yard visit was to understand the maintenance routines and systems that are established to ensure the upkeep of trains. We watched the pre-journey cleaning of trains and yard services which included the refilling of soap, water and other basic amenities.
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THE VISITS
We discussed the scope of advertisement in trains and were informed of the issues that are stopping that sector from thriving. The trains are constantly re-routed, thus making it difficult for a contractor of specific city or state to put up/ change print ads. The process of putting up the ads becomes cumbersome and labor intensive eventually proving it to be disadvantageous for the agency. This compelled us to somehow try and integrate adverts in trains as a source for revenue and to privatize some services, instantly making them more efficient and better maintained.
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RESEARCH Kapurthala RCF visit This was a short visit to understand the making of a coach and see how the toilet is installed so as to be able to create the new toilet using the older methods of installation. It was a quick yet informative trip where we saw the entire factory : 1. The metal workshop - where frameworks the coaches of different styles are made. 2. The paint workshop - the coaches were painted and put on top of a bogie/chassis 3. The furnishing workshop - this was where the inner elements and flooring was completed. It is also where the bathroom is fitted. The bathroom after being completed with all fittings is then dropped down into the coach (using a crane) and screwed into position at 4 points. This meant the contractor incharge of bathroom creation is done with his job before the bathroom is fitted in the coach. Post this the pipelines and electrical fittings are added and several tests are done to ensure the quality and condition of the coach at completion.
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THE VISITS
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RESEARCH On route to Delhi Our trips to the different yards were often 12hours of journey or more. To make these hours productive we came up with the On-board surveys. These were very useful as they helped gain insight into the minds of the user during the journey and stirred a discussion between passengers on the topic, hence, becoming a great way to pinpoint opportunity areas and find issues that were overlooked by us. Â
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THE ONBOARD SURVEYS
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RESEARCH
On-route to Kapurthala Our train journey to Kapurthala took us 27 hours of traveling in the AC 3 tier compartment of the JammuTavi mail. This was an experience in itself. The variety of people, their varied food, hygiene and social habits all occurring in this close proximity. Stories about the world, nation and homes were shared over meals. Our Co-creation workshop was, by a few, mistaken for a letter to the prime minister, which we feel made it a serious and candid citing of the issues at hand. The first pages asked the user to draw/ write their task flow and mention all sensory inputs they receive. It also asks them to mention how the stimulus effects them mentally and emotionally.
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THE ONBOARD SURVEYS
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RESEARCH
Our previous survey being only in English was limiting. This time we drafted the survey in both Hindi and English making our audience more comfortable and wide spread.
Narration This exercise was intended to make task analysis easier for the user, allowing them to narrate as they do the task. But we, as designers, were supremely mistaken about the invasion of privacy that this exercise would be viewed as and did not carry this out for socio-cultural reasons.
Being the creator “Being the creator� was an exercise everybody enjoyed and took active part in. This exercise was divided into 10 categories and people were given the freedom to do whichever and how many ever categories they liked, depending on the problems they feel most for.
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THE ONBOARD SURVEYS
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RESEARCH Portable toilet for disaster management
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Blue Diversion Toilet
THE GLOBAL SCENARIO
Japanese train toilet
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RESEARCH
California Institute of technology Reinventing toilet winner
Air plane toilets 24
THE GLOBAL SCENARIO
Space toilet design
E-Toilet design
Space saving public urinal
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Main drain urinal
Aculon water repellent coating
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Baby nappy changing table
Dyson Bladeless fan
Loo blade cleaner
Mini air vent by Studor
Waterless cube for urinal
Designed by Arnaud Lapierre
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Iota design
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Design by Lingxuan Kong
Japanese public toilet
Toto washlet design 29
RESEARCH MATERIALS EXPLORED FOR SHELL Material
Weight
Durability
WR
Fenix NTM
Light
High
Repellent
Richlite Paper composite
High
Resistant
60% less than Corian 1.5lbs/sqft
Decent
Basalt FRP
Light
more than FRP
Resistant
glass FRP
Light
Average
Resistant
SS WR coat
Heavy
High
Repellant
Corian
Heavy 4.25 lbs/ sqft
High
Resistant
Lama Light
HDPE 30
Light
Light
more than PVC
Resistant
Resistant
Wear and tear Scratch, mold, stain, Chem res. heat stain & scratch res. scratch, mold, stain and chemical res. Scratch, Acid, Alkali and salt res. low scratch resistance no stain res. chem &stain res. no scratch res. scratch, stain and chemical res. chemical, low weathering resistance.
Mechanical Strength Resistant to Impact
more durable than wood
Similar to ply
Higher tensile strength than Eglass lower than basalt
Very good
Very high Impact resistant Strong tensile str.
NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
Moldability
Repair
Renewable
Uses
Comment
thermosetting 2D
Seamless Thermal healing
Nonrecyclable, Safe
Kitchen slabs, Furniture, etc.
anti bacterial
thermosetting Multi-axial
not seamless
Yes
Arch. and skating surfaces
heat pressed with cold cycle
easy machining thermosetting.
seamless gluing and buffing
thermosetting Multi-axial
Like FRP
Multiaxial
Visible repair
thermoplastic Multiaxial
Joinery visible
thermosetting multiaxial
Like Lama light Very easy and cheap
thermoplastic Multiaxial
plastic welding
No
flooring, No bathroom stalls, formaldehyde slabs and boats like laminate
non plastic concrete, bridge component and shoreline is structures renewable No
Storage tanks, roofs, piping
Used to blend surfaces
Yes
Bathrooms, public spaces
Plasma deposition coating
No
Slabs, Table tops, curved surfaces
One time expense.
Yes
Plastic bottles, geomembranes, etc. 31
RESEARCH MATERIALS EXPLORED FOR FLOOR Material
Weight
EverRoll
1.5 lbs (Light)
light
rubber mat
Nora Rubber mat
SS WR coat
Heavy
SS WR coated
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WR
Wear and tear
Mechanical Strength
High
Repellant
Scratch, stain res. wear res.
Can take heavy load
HIgh
Resistant
Stain res.
Can take heavy load
High
chem &stain res. Repellant no scratch res.
Durability
HDPE
Very good
NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
Installation
Repair
No glueing just roll out
molded and screwed together
Use
Comment
in form of tiles can be replaced
Gym floor sports facilities
Skid proof flexible sound absorbant
easy to maintain
laboratory, Cafetarias, offices
anti bacterial
Joinery visible
Nora
Renewable
Yes
Bathrooms, Plasma deposition public coating spaces
Stainless steel
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RESEARCH
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Fenix NTM
Richlite
Lama light
B FRP
NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
Lama light
Corian
G FRP
EverRoll
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SYSTEMIC MAP Mapping a system like the process of digestion, things are coming together and unraveling as well. Information is getting used up and epiphanies are being synthesized. The post its that get placed and replaced help join dots to a picture we could’ve never imagined ourselves create. It is the interplay of macro and micro which makes the journey as exciting and the outcome as fruitful.
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RAILWAY TOILET SYSTEM
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INSIGHTS The Demographic Male passengers
68%
Female passengers
32%
Their Preferences Western Style WC
45%
Indian Style WC
55%
Foot-fall per toilet/24 hrs Sleeper coach
108
72 seats AC 3tier coach
96
64 seats AC 2tier coach
76
46~52 seats
Essentials Small bag/pouch
32%
Tooth brush and paste
23%
Soap/sanitizer
27%
Towel/clothes
27%
Mobile/wallet/valuable
32%
Disposable toilet seat
23%
ANALYTICS 38
IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS
Universal issues Incompetent door latch Persisting Odor Lack of soap/sanitizer No place to hang towels/clothes No dry surfaces to keep mobile/wallet/valuable - Wet surfaces Lack of dustbin Space management and clearances Accumulation of dirt and water on floor Stains on walls - water and tobacco Drainage problems - choking WC and wrongly positioned water outlets Floor retaining urine splash backs
Orient Toilet Urine splash back on the floor around the WC Improper balance - Handlebars Filthy mug Wall protector remains dirty
Euro Toilet Unhygienic seat of WC Uncomfortably positioned jet
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IDEATION LAYOUT LAYOUT 1 The outer basin shares its wall with the inner one and the dustbin outside is common for both areas.
PROS Integration of dustbin means its maintained quickly and space saving (better use of angled wall)
10 yrs
CONS It will present drainage issues and the ground division (wet and dry areas) is improper and can result in the floor remaining wet and cause dirt to accumulate.
5 yrs
Now
LAYOUT 2 A corner basin with a urinal on the diagonal wall. The WC remains in the same space as is in the current design.
PROS Good dry region for miscellaneous use. A full length mirror.
10 yrs
CONS Lack of proper clearances Dustbin too small
5 yrs
Now
LAYOUT 3 All the components ; basin, urinal and WC are in a row. The area near entrance remains clear.
PROS Space saving and convenient after getting used to. Requires lesser handlebars Clears space for dry area
10 yrs
CONS Is difficult for people to adopt easily. There are cognitive issues regarding use of the three. Can see the underside of the basin when using WC.
5 yrs
Now
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LAYOUTS
LAYOUT 4 The corner urinal is in place of current basin, shifting the basin near the door.
PROS Good clearance Uses original position of WC (coach template is same) Well defined dry area
10 yrs
CONS Small mirror 5 yrs
Now
LAYOUT 5 Basin on the diagonal wall and the WC in the place of current basin. Urinal is in corner.
PROS Basin shares pipeline with outer basin. Dustbin can be integrated with outer dustbin.
10 yrs
CONS Wet area spread too much. Clearances are not sufficient.
5 yrs
Now
LAYOUT 6 Separation of basin area and bathroom, integrating outdoor basin while utilizing the same floor area as in the existing design.
PROS The size of basin is larger. mirror too is larger. The wet region is kept totally separate from the basins.
10 yrs
CONS Not feasible in the current shell. Requires change in the frp walls.
5 yrs
Now
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IDEATION DOOR CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Sliding folding square panels door
PROS Space saving in one dimension
CONS Cognitively hard on the user. Takes too much horizontal space. (Need same amount of space on the side) Requires and elaborate latch.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Sliding shutter with several thin panels.
PROS Very space saving and can roll using top fitted channels to prevent blockages.
CONS The shutters maybe difficult to comprehend for the users and can be damaged in attempting to open it by swinging.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Scissor mechanism in plastic (live hinges)
PROS Space saving Long lasting
CONS Is difficult for people to adopt easily. Might have things getting stuck in the channel.
5 yrs
Now
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COMPONENTS
CONCEPT 4 Sliding folding door with extension in one door (lap) to help keep the door shut.
PROS Saves space Will hold against movement Can have a simpler latch mechanism than other options
10 yrs
CONS Might be difficult for the general public to adopt.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 5
10 yrs
Hinge door, the current one.
PROS Cognitively simplest. Can be implemented right away.
CONS Takes too much space and requires some means to keep it shut.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 6
10 yrs
Slider door.
PROS Works well with LAYOUT 6 Space saving
CONS Can be cognitively difficult. Is layout specific and can’t be used right away.
5 yrs
Now
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IDEATION LATCH CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Clutch wire to keep the door closed
PROS Maintains the same interaction on both sides of the door. Can be very economically produced. Is an intuitive indication of bathroom in use.
CONS Cognitively hard on the user. Has chances of becoming loose and allowing gap in the door.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2 Hook latch with automated flushing button incorporated in it
PROS
CONS
Emulates the existing latch but is independent of the inside latch. Integrated with the automatic flush button. On the inside, as well, it maintains the same interaction. An algorithm makes sure a flush occurs in case the user leaves the bathroom without flushing.
Can cause water wastage in the form of unnecessary flushes done in case of users that enter only to use the basin or change clothes.
10 yrs
Spring loaded with latch only on the inside
PROS
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
Easy to understand Simple to install
10 yrs
CONS Spring may wear off. 5 yrs
Now
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COMPONENTS
CONCEPT 4 Vertical latch for folding sliding door with lap in the middle.
PROS
CONS
Emulates the latch used at home by many. Firmly holds the door in place
May have different interaction on the outside.
10 yrs
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 5 Disappearing door knob when pulled from other side
PROS Cognitively simplest. Full proof safety with the knob disappearing from outside when in use
10 yrs
CONS The mechanism may wear of with use
5 yrs
Now
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IDEATION FLOOR
FLOOR
CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Mesh or Perforated sheet
PROS Will ensure the water drains out and floor remains dry.
CONS Might cause dirt on the floor and particles getting stuck in the perforations causing the floor to appear dirty.
5 yrs
Now
FLOOR
FLOOR Perforated sheet
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Panel flooring
PROS
CONS
Set like planks, this ensures water drains and also sprinkles water for floor cleaning from between panels.
Articles can fall/ block the cervices being formed and cause dirt accumulation.
5 yrs
Now
Perforated sheet
Perforated sheet
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Jet step down - division of flooring into wet and dry region
PROS Has water and pneumatic jets to clean floor after every 10 flushes. Clears room for dry area.
CONS Careful height manipulation required to prevent tripping.
5 yrs
Now
Rubber mat Floor sprinkler
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COMPONENTS
OOR CONCEPT 4
10 yrs
Water sprinklers for cleaning floor.
PROS Can be timed and make floor cleaning simpler and automated. Is clubbed with air jets to save water and help evaporate the water.
CONS can cause water wastage 5 yrs
Now
erforated sheet CONCEPT 5
Floor sprinkler
Rubber mat flooring
PROS It is non skid Water repellent Sound absorbing Easy to clean Easy to install
10 yrs
CONS May require to be changed frequently.
5 yrs
Now
Rubber mat
Floor sprinkler
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IDEATION DRAINAGE CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Single chute outlet/ 2 outlets
PROS Is the simplest form to install. It is consistent with the current method, hence faster to understand.
CONS The slant of the room would have to be very directed. The motion of the train will cause water to not reach the drain.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Exposed drain along the edges
PROS It works on the principles of the road drains and will have better result. The flooring slant need not be very stark.
CONS The chances of articles falling in the drain is high.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Covered drain along the side.
PROS
CONS
Has the benefits of the drain along the sides. Plus, has a cover to which can be integrated with the floor. Gives possibility of patterns.
Cleaning the drain is possible only from the outside of the train.
5 yrs
Now
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COMPONENTS
CLEANING PROVISION CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Mug with water pipeline connection.
PROS Works for the Indian context Allows use in low pressure situations. Button allows to fill the mug and be used with one hand. Doesnt let the mug stray away.
CONS May confuse the user in the first try
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Jet with retractable pipe
PROS
CONS
Keeps the jet in it’s place and doesn’t let it be lying on the floor. Maintains the hygiene of the jet.
The retractable mechanism needs to be sturdy like that of the firebrigade hose mechanism.
5 yrs
Now
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IDEATION FLUSH SYSTEM CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Automated Pre/post wetting.
PROS Integrated with lock/ door It reduces dependency on the user for maintaining hygiene standards.
CONS Will cause wastage of water. 5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Foot operated flush button
PROS Easier to use No hand contact More hygienic
CONS Can be damaged if stomped on too hard. Can be jammed with dirt. Proper protective coating is necessary.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Vacuum assisted flush
PROS Reduces water requirement. Reduces the size of the chute keeping large debris from reaching the biotank.
CONS Small things can still get to the biotank and damage the valve.
5 yrs
Now
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COMPONENTS
CONCEPT 4
10 yrs
Algorithm controlled flush.
PROS If the flush button is not pressed after use the algorithm initiates an automated flush. Hence, making sure that a flush occurs regardless of whether the user did it.
CONS This can cause wastage in the form of people that entered to wash hands/ change clothes.
5 yrs
Now
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IDEATION WATER CLOSET - WESTERN CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Seat cleaning flush box.
PROS The transparent box allows the user to see the seat being cleaned. Will give people confidence to sit on the seat.
CONS Can be a cumbersome extra movement. Can become very dirt itself if not changed after several uses.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
UVC light sanitization
PROS Cleans the seat by rotating it along a simple gear mechanism. Is hands free as the button is on the floor. Keeps the seat in an upturned position till the user presses the button. (hence reduced chances of feet or urine splashes on the seat.)
CONS Seat shape changes 5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Coiling back mechanism
PROS Cleaning of seat during simple pull down act Easy to replace cleaning component
CONS Breaking or theft of the cleaning component
5 yrs
Now
52
COMPONENTS
WATER CLOSET - INDIAN CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Foot elevation
PROS This helps maintain balance in the squatting position when the train is moving. Reduces load on legs.
CONS Can be difficult for people to adopt.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Floor area integration.
PROS
CONS
Helps keep the wet area clean. 5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Japanese style
PROS Can reduce the urine splash back
CONS The configuration may cause cognitive difficulties.
5 yrs
Now
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IDEATION URINAL CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Dry toilet
PROS Reduces water consumption. Makes use of toilet possible in case of water scarcity.
CONS Replacing the liquid/bar disinfectant/ smell reducer has to be done at fixed intervals. Increases work for the CTS/OBHS
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Minimal urinal (extra small)
PROS Extremely space saving Uses the same drain as the WC. Easy to clean.
CONS Can be difficult to aim into in a moving situation.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Corner Urinal
PROS If the flush button is not pressed after use the algorithm initiates an automated flush. Hence, making sure that a flush occurs regardless of whether the user did it.
CONS This can cause wastage in the form of people that entered to wash hands/ change clothes.
5 yrs
Now
54
COMPONENTS
CONCEPT 4
10 yrs
Corner urinal integrated with floor.
PROS Helps keep the floor clean Integration helps keep the wet area clean using the jets. Comfortably positioned.
CONS Plumbing repair is tedious. 5 yrs
Now
55
IDEATION FAUCETS CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Hidden faucet behind mirror
PROS Faucet will not collect dirt on it and will look cleaner Touch reduced as it is foot operated button Theft and breakage due to mishandling reduced
CONS Faucet not visible causing confusion to people using for the first time
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Fountain water faucet
PROS Placement near basin, reducing height and preventing splash back Water pressure optimized with the curve in which water falls
CONS People can misuse when water pressure is low Placed near basin dashboard, people might spit on it
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Waterfall style flat faucet
PROS Reduced splash back Cover more surface area, reducing water usage Foot operated reducing touch
CONS More expensive than the regular faucets
5 yrs
Now
56
COMPONENTS
BASIN CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Corner Basin
PROS Space saving
CONS Mirror placement not comfortable for use
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Seamless basin
PROS Form of thee basin reduces splash back of water Efficient use of the corner angle in current layout
CONS Limited material possibilities 5 yrs
Now
57
IDEATION DUSTBIN CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Drop out dustbin
PROS A tried and tested type. Hides the waste. Simple to adopt.
CONS Needs a quick polybag change method.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Integrated with outside
PROS Space saving Time saving for the cleaners Hides the waste
CONS Can be hazardous in case of outer dustbin being stolen/ Unintalled
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Rotating dustbin
PROS Space saving Gives us a drop down action for the waste Hides the waste
CONS The mechanism might not be as durable as required.
5 yrs
Now
58
COMPONENTS
CONCEPT 4
10 yrs
Flap opening, stationary bin.
PROS Simple use Simple evacuation Simple polybag replacement.
CONS Can be jammed with large waste, leaving the flap open allowing smell to escape and waste to be seen.
5 yrs
Now
59
IDEATION MIRROR CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Mirror on all four walls, above waist height
PROS Allows us to have full size mirror makes the space seem larger
CONS Can be uncomfortable for those using urinal Is layout specific
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Full length
PROS A full length mirror Makes the space look bigger
CONS Layout specific Can be uncomfortable for the WC user.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Back lit basin mirror
PROS Safest placement with respect to unwanted reflection. Can be integrated with lighting Can have
CONS Doesn’t allow one to see their entire outfit Doesn’t in anyway make the space appear larger.
5 yrs
Now
60
COMPONENTS
LIGHTING CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Back-lit Corian panels
PROS
CONS
Gives soft diffused light Can be distributed to create a well lit environment.
Repair and replacement is tedious. 5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Ceiling lighting
PROS
CONS
Soft diffused light Evenly spread Easy to remove panel and repair
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Sensor lights
PROS Is energy saving Requires no switch
CONS Can prove to be expensive. Can have problems light delays or malfunctions.
5 yrs
Now
61
IDEATION STORAGE CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Integrated with shell as a depression in the wall.
PROS Is easy to reach Can’t get wet Will not accumulate dirt
CONS Will require change in the shell structure.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2
10 yrs
Seamless shelf integrated with shell
PROS No sharp corners, preventing dirt from accumulating
CONS Chances of things falling is high Space provided is insufficient
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Hooks for hanging items
PROS Easy hanging of clothes, towels or bag
CONS 5 yrs
Now
62
COMPONENTS
VENTILATION CONCEPT 1
10 yrs
Exhaust fan
PROS Is cheap and can be readily installable.
CONS Can be a cumbersome extra movement. Can become very dirt itself if not changed after several uses.
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 2 Fixed vents to catch the natural flow of wind, also in toilet door.
PROS Minimal and effective Utilizes the natural flow of air
10 yrs
CONS Is a cut in the coach walls. Requires a change in the current coach design. Increases noise in the coach
5 yrs
Now
CONCEPT 3
10 yrs
Blade-less fan
PROS Is theft proof Is intriguing Assists the current design Can be installed immediately.
CONS Repair is tedious. 5 yrs
Now
63
IDEATION MOCK UPS AND TESTING
LAYOUT 3
64
COMPONENTS
LAYOUT 5
65
IDEATION MOCK UPS AND TESTING
LAYOUT 1
66
COMPONENTS
LAYOUT 4
67
COLOUR PROPOSED CONCEPT - Lemon accent
68
COMPONENTS
69
COLOUR ALTERNATE CONCEPT - Coral accent
70
COMPONENTS
71
COLOUR ALTERNATE CONCEPT - Bronze accent
72
COMPONENTS
73
FINAL DESIGN
74
FEATURES INDIAN WC
Corian wall cladding for easy cleaning
Dry and wet area division
Space saving corner urinal
Pneumatic jet for floor cleaning
Drain along the walls
Anti-theft Bladeless fan
Ergonomic handle bar
Foot operated flush minimalizing touch
75
FINAL DESIGN
76
FEATURES INDIAN WC
Flat waterfall tap preventing splash back
Foot operated tap minimalizing touch
Back-lit walls
Soap dispenser with clear body for timely refill
Well positioned handle bar near urinal
Drop open dustbin for easy use
77
FINAL DESIGN
78
FEATURES WESTERN WC
Foot elevation improving balance
Foot operated flush minimalizing touch
Integrated handle bar and shelf
79
FINAL DESIGN
80
FEATURES WESTERN WC
Additions/ Replacements of components in the WESTERN WC
Baby nappy changing table
Sanitary pad dispenser
Seat sanitizing mechanism
81
FINAL DESIGN
82
FEATURES WESTERN WC
83
FINAL DESIGN
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FEATURES WESTERN WC Future Scope Technological innovations have been limited so far in this segment but the government is now actively looking at new horizons to make public amenities more user centric. With the upcoming innovations in communication technology it will be possible to make self sustaining toilets. Toilets will automatically generate information such as water level in tanks, need for maintainance or parts out of order. The data generated can be digitally mapped and analysied to enhance micro management through the central administration. In another 20 years, smart spaces will be capable of identifying you through your virtual profiles This will allow spaces to enhance user experience through pinpointed customization of public amenties. The future depends not only technological innovation but also change in attitude. With a society that respects its civil duties achieving an exceptional experience is more fact than fiction.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Toto washlet http://asia.toto.com/washlet/ Japanese toilet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=km3xt49fHq4 Sleeper train https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEY-CbBaSD4 Aircraft toilet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aavWMJ18dUU Porous and absorbent concrete https://www.facebook.com/techinsider/videos/419013808296981/ www.thenounproject.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bq0gcuBmdVs Automated public toilet-floor sprinkler https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9nsE-YXCMs E-Toilets http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140826-why-your-toilet-needs-reinvention https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVn3N0BtioU Toilet technologies of future http://mentalfloss.com/article/52363/5-toilet-technologies-future Latest In technology http://news.discovery.com/tech/gear-and-gadgets/lavatory-experiments-the-latest-in-toilettech150720.htm Kohlr toilets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqZchvkFSIo Blue diversion toilet http://www.bluediversiontoilet.com/toilet.html
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THE WEB & BOOKS READ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVQaMsvBLb8 Eco sans toilet- less water https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YV-1To9DkJQ Mini vents- for drain pipes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCqjkLTNc7c http://www.studor.net/mini-vent Exhaust fan system- DIY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L68XDzhn2g Bladeless fan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8he8afjQyd8 Waterless urinal cube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8pmp0U1XZGk waterless urinal-blue seal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ukb_qL5xIk Water repellent treatment http://www.aculon.com/hydrophobic-oleophobic-metal.php http://www.aculon.com/metalrepellency.php Cleaning methods http://www.storypick.com/cleaning-hacks/ Space toilets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1wwzwvfsC0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk7LcugO3zg Loo blade https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1190311647/looblade-a-toiletcleaning-revolution Toilet seat heating https://www.behance.net/gallery/22208625/-(Etishe-ProductSimulration) Toilet cleaner (brush type)
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CREDITS
Project guide
Rama Krishna Rao Special thanks to
Praveen Nahar Vikram Parmar for their helpful inputs.
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SUPPORT & GUIDANCE
Heartiest gratitude to
Mr. Santosh Sinha (CRSE CHG NR)
Mr. A K Kathpal (CDE RCF)
Mr. Suraj Prakash (DY.CME/D-I RCF)
Mr. Tyagi (for Co-ordination)
Mr. Dinesh Kumar (Technical expert)
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Ayushi Jain and Medha Gupta FIDUG12
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