AT3.1 Christ’s College in Guildford by DSDHA architects Harvinder Mudhar 33195876 Zoltan Deák 33238805
Site Plan Vicinities Pathway Christ's College in Guildford
Project Description -this is a suburban college building which provides high quality teaching and training facilities for local students and teachers. -it also provides a number of services for to the general public, such as the theatre, a gymnasium and a chapel. -has a good connection to the community via a public path which leads right through the centre of the campus. -the building benefits of large indoor spaces which have natural light and natural ventilation. -the structure of the building has a domestic scale and uses the vernacular brick as the cladding material. -the school building uses a combine heat recovery and mechanical ventilation system.
Structural System
Section and plan indicating the primary structural system which is the 200x800mm cast in situ reinforced concrete columns and the reinforced concrete 325mm depth floor.
Structural System
Axonometric showing the dead loads and live loads distributed through the structure in context.
Live loads distribution come from movable objects or people in the building. They are loaded into the floor slab, carried into de columns, into foundations and discharged into the sound ground strata. Wind loads (dynamic loads) act horizontally and the inner block cladding counter acts, bracing the structure and raising the rigidity.
Dead loads distribution, from floor slab into the columns, from columns into the foundations and from foundation into the ground.
Structural System Axonometric of the foundation - reinforced concrete strip foundations
concrete
reinforcement
cast in situ
Structural System
The180mm slim deck screwed to 500mm steel I beam braced with 150mm steel I beams form the secondary structure of the building which is the roof structure. The 200x800mm reinforced concrete columns cast in situ and the 325mm cast in situ reinforced concrete slabs form the primary structural system
Structural System
The outer leaf cladding is 290x90x50mm bricks laid in pigmented mortar with 10mm joints.
The inner leaf cladding is 200mm fair faced concrete block-work which acts as bracing against the dynamic forces against the primary structure.
Construction Sequence
Facade
Bracing
Roof Second Floor
First Floor
Columns and Beams
Slab and Core
Foundations
Ground
Construction Sequence Ground - 1500mm depth trench for the strip foundation
Construction Sequence Foundations - cast in situ reinforced strip foundations
Construction Sequence Primary Structure - 325mm cast in situ reinforced concrete slab with four core units
Construction Sequence Primary Structure – Columns are cast in place concrete and build up of first floor commences
Construction Sequence Ground Floor - separating walls
Construction Sequence First floor – cast in situ reinforced concrete floor, cast in situ reinforced concrete columns and the separation wall.
Construction Sequence Second floor – cast in situ reinforced concrete floor, cast in situ reinforced concrete columns and the separation wall.
Construction Sequence Secondary structure – 180mm slim deck roof on 500mm I beam braced with 150mm I beams roof structure
Construction Sequence Cladding – 200mm fair faced concrete block-work inner leaf flush with the back of the columns
Construction Sequence Façade cladding – external leaf of 290x90x50mm bricks laid in pigmented mortar in 10mm recessed joints
2D and 3D Detailed Sections External Wall and Foundation Detail 8. 90mm sand cement screed, 9. polythene separating layer, 10. 325mm thick reinforced concrete slab cast in-situ and left exposed in some areas on underside, 11. damp proof membrane, 12. 400/1500mm cast in situ reinforced concrete strip foundations.
1. 290/90/50mm Cottbus bricks, 2. pigmented mortar joints, 3. stainless-steel anchors, 4. 50mm ventilated cavity, 5. 60 mm phenol foam thermal insulation, 6. 200/800mm reinforced concrete column, 7. 10mm carpet floor finish on levelling compound,
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2D and 3D Detailed Sections Exterior wall and CHRV-unit detail 1.
290/90/50mm Cottbus bricks,
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stainless-steel anchors,
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60 mm phenol foam thermal insulation,
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fixed glazing: 6mm toughened glass + 16mm cavity or 20mm argon filled +6.4mm solar control laminated safety glass in aluminium profiles.
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profile 6.
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operable sash: thermal glazing in aluminium window
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supply air slit behind aluminium sill, covering: stainless steel grating
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50/35mm stainless-steel ventilation duct with welded
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ties mortared in masonry joints 8.
ventilation plenum
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reinforced concrete wall with 700/280mm recesses for ventilation shafts
10. floor covering: carpet or PVC,
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11. 90mm cement screed 12. separating layer,
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13. 325mm reinforced concrete deck 14. supply-air slit
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15. cabinet for ventilation: 18mm medium-density
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fibreboard with 33mm acoustic insulation on tubular
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steel supporting structure 16. heat exchange unit.
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2D and 3D Detailed Sections
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Typical glazing detail 1
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1. 290/90/50mm Cottbus bricks 2. 2mm aluminium still on 18mm plywood 3. 50mm ventilated cavity, 4. 60 mm phenol foam thermal insulation, 5. Seal: PVC channel with rigid foam core. 6. fixed glazing: 6mm toughened glass + 16mm cavity or 20mm argon filled +6.4mm solar control laminated safety glass in aluminium profiles.
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2D and 3D Detailed Sections Roof and external wall detail 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
stainless steel flashing screwed to wood (20x900mm) blocking, 290/90/50mm Cottbus bricks, bituminous sealing layer, 100mm rigid thermal insulation, EPDM sheeting, 180mm slim deck screwed to 500mm steel I beam, 150mm steel I beams welded to the 500mm I beam. 500mm steel I beam screwed through 20mm stainless steel plate to column, 9. 50mm ventilated cavity, 10. 60 mm phenol foam thermal insulation, 11. 200/800mm reinforced concrete column.
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2D and 3D Detailed Sections Atrium window detail 1. skylight: 6mm toughened glass + 16mm argon-filled cavity + 6.4mm laminated safety glass, U-value = 1.3 W/m2K 2. powder-coated aluminium sandwich panel, operated by control motor 3. 50/18mm wood boarding, fire-resistant 18mm plywood, painted black 4. suspended ceiling: 2x12.5mm plasterboard, 50/18mm wood boarding, fire resistant,
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5. 50mm mineral wool acoustic insulation as base for stretch ceiling, black 6. 50/18mm wood boarding, fire-resistant 7. cable channel in fastening rail
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2D and 3D Detailed Sections Atrium window detail 1. skylight: 6mm toughened glass + 16mm argon-filled cavity + 6.4mm laminated safety glass, U-value = 1.3 W/m2K 2. powder-coated aluminium sandwich panel, operated by control motor 3. 50/18mm wood boarding, fire-resistant 18mm plywood, painted black 4. suspended ceiling: 2x12.5mm plasterboard, 50/18mm wood boarding, fire resistant,
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5. 50mm mineral wool acoustic insulation as base for stretch ceiling, black 6. 50/18mm wood boarding, fire-resistant 7. cable channel in fastening rail
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2D and 3D Detailed Sections Atrium window detail 1. skylight: 6mm toughened glass + 16mm argon-filled cavity + 6.4mm laminated safety glass, U-value = 1.3 W/m2K 2. powder-coated aluminium sandwich panel, operated by control motor 3. 50/18mm wood boarding, fire-resistant 18mm plywood, painted black 4. suspended ceiling: 2x12.5mm plasterboard, 50/18mm wood boarding, fire resistant,
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5. 50mm mineral wool acoustic insulation as base for stretch ceiling, black 6. 50/18mm wood boarding, fire-resistant 7. cable channel in fastening rail
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Fire Strategy Ground Floor Building plan
Fire Strategy Ground Floor Protected corridors –width
of the corridors are 1800mm which conforms for disabled access in case of fire. The corridors are provided with tempered glass towards the main compartments, with smoke detectors throughout the building and sprinklers in the ceiling.
Fire Strategy Ground Floor Means of escape – fire safety exit doors are located at the end of each corridor and the base of the escape cores. Each door is indicated with emergency light units, unlock in case of an emergency and open from the inside.
Escape cores – there are
three main escape cores in the building with direct access to exterior. Each one has double 800mm fire safety doors. Each escape core is situated opposite another one and the three of them form a triangular shape that provides escape for all the people in the building. The central staircase is not an escape core for not leading directly outside the building.
Fire Strategy Ground Floor Travel distances
Fire Strategy Ground Floor
Compartment Zones Each compartment in the building is provided with a fire detection system and the corridors and main communal areas with alarm systems
1. Main entrance 2. Reception 3. Atrium 4. Theatre 5. Gym 6. Library 7. Kitchen 8. Teachers 9. Group teaching space 10. Classroom 11. Changing room 12. Learning centre
Fire Strategy First Floor Floor plan
Fire Strategy First Floor Protected corridors –width
of the corridors are 1800mm which conforms for disabled access in case of fire. The corridors are provided with tempered glass towards the main compartments, with smoke detectors throughout the building and sprinklers in the ceiling.
Fire Strategy First Floor Means of escape – fire safety exit doors are located at the end of each corridor and the base of the escape cores. Each door is indicated with emergency light units, unlock in case of an emergency and open from the inside.
Escape cores – there are
three main escape cores in the building with direct access to exterior. Each one has double 800mm fire safety doors. Each escape core is situated opposite another one and the three of them form a triangular shape that provides escape for all the people in the building. The central staircase is not an escape core for not leading directly outside the building.
Fire Strategy First Floor Travel distances
70m max
Fire Strategy First Floor Compartment Zones Each compartment in the building is provided with a fire detection system and the corridors and main communal areas with alarm systems
3. Atrium 4. Theatre 5. Gym 8. Teachers 10. Classrooms 12. Performance room 13.Chapel 15.Couryard
Fire Strategy Second Floor Floor Plan
Fire Strategy Second Floor Protected corridors –width
of the corridors are 1800mm which conforms for disabled access in case of fire. The corridors are provided with tempered glass towards the main compartments, with smoke detectors throughout the building and sprinklers in the ceiling.
Fire Strategy Second Floor Means of escape – fire safety exit doors are located at the end of each corridor and the base of the escape cores. Each door is indicated with emergency light units, unlock in case of an emergency and open from the inside.
Escape cores – there are
three main escape cores in the building with direct access to exterior. Each one has double 800mm fire safety doors. Each escape core is situated opposite another one and the three of them form a triangular shape that provides escape for all the people in the building. The central staircase is not an escape core for not leading directly outside the building.
Fire Strategy
80m max
Second Floor Travel distances
75m max
75m max
Fire Strategy Second Floor Compartment Zones Each compartment in the building is provided with a fire detection system and the corridors and main communal areas with alarm systems
3. Atrium 4. Theatre 5. Gym 6. Library 8. Teachers 9. Group teaching space 10. Classrooms 12. Performance room 14. Music Rooms 15.Courtyard
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS - SITE June 21st Sun Path & Shadow Projection
June 21st Shadow Projection
Ref : Eco Tect Analysis
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS - SITE Dec 21st Sun Path & Shadow Projection
Dec 21st Shadow Projection
Ref : Eco Tect Analysis
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS - SITE WIND
Ref www.wunderground.com based on average from Jan - Dec 2009
Wind Speed Average: 1.3km/h Average Wind Direction: SSW Wind High: 92.2km/h from the North High Pressure: 1040.9hPa Precipitation: 653.3mm
Ref : Eco tect Analysis Based on average from Jan - Dec 2009
The Prevailing wind graph shows a variation of wind speed. The highest speed Picked up is South West of approx 40-50km/h. This can dictate the best orientation and natural ventilation for the college.
South Winds
Prevailing Winds
Primary wind direction to the site is south-western. This is a key feature to the CHRV which contributes to the buildings Natural ventilation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS - SITE
The benefits of the site location are: -Free from any surrounding buildings -- Maximum use of daylight as no other Buildings obstruct its views. -South Western winds and wind channels contribute to the its unique CHRV system all year round.
Above perspective showing how the space is ventilated through CHRV.
-The college does not tower above local residences homes, this makes Its sit well in context.
Direction on wind channels around Christ College site
Housing
Christ College
Larch Ave
Housing
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Environmental Considerations – Programme Principal spaces in the building 1 Atrium-is provided with natural ventilation through the motor operated skylights system. -has natural light through the skylights and extra artificial light as needed -has timber cladded walls on the interior of the space for light reflection and acoustic qualities. -radiators in the wall for heating this spaces, this being the largest in the building after the Sports Hall 3 Classrooms – have CHRV (combined heat recovery ventilation system) units which control the heat, coolness, humidity and fresh air of each room -natural light through thermal glazing system in aluminium profile -water supply where needed comes through the ceiling -the ceiling and floor throughout the building acts as a thermal mass (325mm thickness) 4 Chapel -has constant natural light from the ceiling and the atrium -the skylight windows are used for natural ventilation through the motor operated window system and for natural light
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Environmental Considerations – Programme
2 Theatre – stage lights hang on a batten focused in several directions -natural light at the back of the seating area for the adjacent spaces and 1st floor access visibility and the stage when needed -the heating is provided from the plant room through the ceiling into water heated radiators.
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Environmental Systems – Heating, cooling and ventilation Services
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Plantrooms
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Rain Water Drainage Sewage Pipes and waste Concrete thermal mass and radiators
All Services are located with the ceiling of each floor. Concrete acts as thermal mass throughout building.
Sectional Perspective of services
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Kitchen Toilets (Ground & 1st floor) Plantrooms (Located on roof)
Environmental Systems – Heating, cooling and ventilation Natural Ventilation
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Natural ventilation Atrium Natural ventilation Ventilation through window opening
Environmental Systems – Heating, cooling and ventilation Combined Heat Recovery Ventilation (CHRV)
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A Cold air from outside
Cold air from outside Warm Fresh Air Exhaust Air
Fresh air enters through the openings In between the bricks. This is then converted Into warm fresh air and gets distributed around The spaces. The existing exhaust air within the buildings atmosphere, leaves through the CHRV unit and out into the atmosphere.
Environmental Systems – Heating, cooling and ventilation A
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Atrium Classroom Staffroom Kitchen Theatre Daylight Views Out
Environmental Systems – Lighting ROC pendant luminaire sodium vapour lamp 1 x 50 W HST-CRI/GX12-1, lamp position vertical, beam angle 50 , decorative pendant luminaire with textile luminaire shade in cylindrical design made from coated plastic, available in various colours, exchangeable, inner reflector made from highest-grade aluminium 99.98% for high luminous efficiency, housing tube made from aluminium, easy relamping via die-cast front ring with snap-in catch, height adjustable steel cord suspension 3-fold (length: 1500 mm), ceiling rose with feeder, luminaire ready for connection, red textile cable, colour of shade: red, cypress, brown / housing: anodised, white, toughened safety glass, ECG integral.
Selecon Profile 650W powerful projector-like lamp for theatre staging use mainly.
Twist 254 Moving head lighting effect The Twist254 is a sophisticated lighting effect powered by the powerful MSD250 discharge lamp. The unit is fully controllable from any DMX lighting desk or dedicated scan controller, or can operate in 'stand alone' mode with the choice of two different built-in light shows. Slave units can be daisy chained via the DMX to produce a synchronised show.
Pendant direct/indirect parabolic light system
Sustainability – Environment 1 The overall environmental strategy is SPOILED – because it uses CHRV and natural ventilation system which are very efficient but in some classrooms we observed the existence of AC Air Conditioned systems which are considered very inefficient. This building deserves a mark 9 out of 10 because of the clever use of natural light, natural ventilation and the thermal mass of the concrete slabs throughout the building.
All rooms with direct access to one of the elevations have CHRV units for ventilations, fresh air and the rest of the benefits but in the IT lab case the heat radiated by the computers have not been taken into considerations therefore a need for more cool air required a less sustainable, urgent supplier, an AC system.
Sustainability – Environment 2 Energy conservation is a key feature in the case of this building, the CHRV (Heat Recovery Ventilation system) provides fresh air and stops the heat loss from inside. There are also water heated radiators throughout the building which are not used very often because of the thermal mass of the building envelope and the floors/ceilings. The thermal mass provides storage of the heat and less loss. The annual CO2 emissions of this building are 24.17kg/sqm (AJ, 2010)
3. Control of systems with a CO2 sensor on the CHRV unit monitors the air so that the CHRV units only come on when fresh air is required. Also the use of light sensors located within the theatre and arrangement adaptability of spaces. So if the departments of the school wish to expand or contract, all that is necessary is a change of door colour. (BD, 2010) 4 Waste recycling systems are absent from this building. There is potential for composting the leftover food from the kitchen and the paper used by the students and staff but no sign of such systems involved in the facilities of this college. This could be a potential teaching tool for the staff and learning tool for the students for environmental protection. 5 Lifespan of the college is quite long; a recent survey concluded that brick structures could have a lifespan of 500 years or more.
Conclusion NOT SO GOOD The brick being bought and brought from Germany the school doesn’t seem to aim for the highest sustainable implementations possible. The transportation cost is high, pollution is plenty and the bricks are more expansive. The building does not have a composting dedicated site or recycling units although there is potential for such teaching tools and learning means. The building should have a holistic approach for the students. Students should not just come here to learn and feel good inside the spaces but to be involved in saving and interact with the building to a level of practicality and training.
Potential placement of the composting site
Ways in which the cross ventilation could be achieved in the IT Lab
The use of AC units in this building is not justified; it is just a mistake from the beginning. Instead of using cross ventilation, which would require operable windows and no CHRV units they used a bad ventilation system to compliment a good one.
Conclusion GOOD The function of the spaces in the building is defined by the colours of the doors which makes it easy accessible as long as you know the colours, what stands for which space.
Section showing the thermal mass of the floors and natural ventilation in the main space, the atrium.
Color coded doors for function of rooms
CHRV units, the thermal mass of the building, the naturally ventilated large atrium make this building a successful and compact design. Compact in the sense that all the functions stay together instead of being spread and are connected via good and useful spaces. It is a building we would promote as a good and successful school design.
References & Bibliography www.akt-uk.com [internet] accessed 1.12.2010 – interior photos of the building. http://www.brick.org.uk/_media/_pdf/Building%20Products_Why%20Brick%20is%20Sustainable_June%2008.pdf [internet] accessed 12.12.2010 – text Tony, Mc. (2010) Christ’s College Guildford, Architects Journal, EMAP Constructs publ., London, pp.46-48, 50-51. – Web site link http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/education/ [internet] accessed 5 October 2010 http://www.architecture.com/Awards/RIBAStirlingPrize/RIBAStirlingPrize2010/ChristsCollegeSchool/ChristsCollegeSchool.as px [internet] accessed 11.11.2010 – general information about the building http://www.e-architect.co.uk/england/christs_college_secondary_school.htm [internet] accessed 1.11.2010 – general information about the building http://architecturelab.net/10/christs-college-secondary-school-by-dsdha/ [internet] accessed 5.11.2010 – general information about the building http://www.dsdha.co.uk/index.php?mode=project&sub=selected_buildings&page_offset=&page_id=39&part_offset=&p art_id [internet] accessed 5.11.2010 – general information about the building http://www.viewpictures.co.uk/Default.aspx [internet] accessed 17.11.2010 – slide 55 room photo Detail and detail text from: Detail (Sept.-Oct. 2010) College in Guildford, pp 480-485, Germany. – slides 19-25 text and photos Woodman, E. (2010) DSDHA’s double chemistry lesson in Guildford, pp 10-15 – slide 55 bricks Charles, R. (2009) Brick Bulletin, winter, pp. 12-16 – all information about bricks