ISSUES AND TRENDS IN CHRISTIAN HIGHER E D U C AT I O N S H I R L E Y H O O G S T R A , J. D. President Council for Christian Colleges & Universities
CCCU W ITHIN H IGHER E DUCATION
CCCU W ITHIN H IGHER E DUCATION
CCCU W ITHIN H IGHER E DUCATION RELIGIOUSLY-AFFILIATED POSTSECONDARY INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, MAY 2009 Non-CCCU Institutions 22%
Roman Catholic Institutions 28%
CCCU Member Institutions 12% Seminaries 16%
Bible Colleges 22%
CCCU I NSTITUTIONS 182 members and affiliates in 20 countries around the world
121 members in the United States and Canada
61 affiliates in US. Canada and around the world
FACULTY & S TUDENTS • More than 450,000 students enrolled in CCCU institutions annually; • Nearly 30,000 faculty and 37,000 staff employed at CCCU institutions; • Almost 1 billion dollars given to CCCU related institutions in 2013; • More than 1.8 million CCCU alumni worldwide.
W HAT IS AN A SSOCIATION ? Institutions that share these distinctive commitments: Christian Truth: A demonstrated commitment to integrating biblical truth throughout the institution, including teaching and research in all academic disciplines; Christian Formation: A demonstrated commitment to the spiritual formation of students into mature Christ-followers through the curriculum and cocurriculum; Christian Witness: A demonstrated commitment to graduating students who advance God’s redemptive purposes in the world by living out the Gospel in word and action.
H OW DOES THE CCCU SERVE YOU ? • Advocacy
• Professional programs and networking • Communications
• Research and data • Scholarship
• Global Education • Leadership
CHANGING THE NARRATIVE
Can Christian institutions explain their mission and Biblical perspective?
“You [Christian colleges] have what everybody else is desperate to have: a way of talking about and educating the human person in a way that integrates faith, emotion and intellect. ... Almost no other set of institutions in American society has that, and everyone wants it."
U SING THE L EVERS OF G OVERNMENT
• • • •
Legislature Agencies Courts Public Relations
Source: The Chronicle of Higher Education Trend Report, 2015
L ISTS OF S HAME A ND L EGAL E XEMPTIONS : R ELIGIOUS F REEDOM R ESTORATION A CT AND THE “ CARTILAGE ” THAT MATTERS . Source: The Chronicle of Higher Education Trend Report, 2015
W E NEED REAL STORIES OF ENHANCED AND FLOURISHING LIVES INCLUDING THOSE OF OUR LGBT STUDENTS .
Source: The Chronicle of Higher Education Trend Report, 2015
D IVERSITY
K EY F INDINGS H OW
DO UNDERREPRESENTED STUDENTS
DO IN
C OLLEGIATE L EARNING A SSESSMENT ?
1 After controlling for academic preparation, there are no differences in CLA performance among students in urban and non-urban college settings.
2
3
Urban and non-urban independent colleges do equally well in educating all enrolled students - including underrepresented groups.
Smaller, independent institutions provide learning environments that level the playing field for students of differing backgrounds—low-income, firstgeneration, urban, non-urban.
D IVERSITY ENROLLMENT IN CCCU 2014
Hope International University
2004
Azusa Pacific University San Diego Christian College Concordia University-Irvine Eastern University Vanguard University of Southern California Southern Wesleyan University North Park University Biola University North Central University 0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
L ARGEST I NCREASES IN D IVERSITY INSTITUTION NAME
DIVERSITY 2004
DIVERSITY 2014
OVERALL CHANGE
Point University | Atlanta, GA
19.64%
51.45%
31.81%
University of the Southwest | Hobbs, NM
34.41%
65.91%
31.49%
North Central University | Minneapolis, MN
9.08%
40.30%
31.23%
Warner Pacific College | Portland, OR
9.96%
40.07%
30.11%
Concordia University-Irvine | Irvine, CA
18.32%
48.16%
29.84%
Kentucky Christian University | Grayson, KY
0.83%
30.09%
29.26%
Central Christian College of Kansas | McPherson, KS
22.84%
51.85%
29.01%
Warner University | Lake Wales, FL
29.03%
57.62%
28.59%
Fresno Pacific University | Fresno, CA
29.77%
57.17%
27.40%
Azusa Pacific University | Azusa, CA
25.81%
48.46%
22.64%
G RADUATION R ATES Students of Color are More Likely to Graduate at Independent Colleges & Universities 2012 70%
Black
Hispanic
60%
62%
50% 50% 45%
40%
43%
40% 34%
30% 20%
34%
21%
10% 0%
Public 4 Year
Independent 4-Year
For-Profit 4-Year
CCCU Institutions
O VERALL T RENDS : M ONEY AND F INANCING
H IGHER E DUCATION T RENDS ( ID EN TIF IED BY THE C HRON ICLE OF H IG HER E D UCATION IN 2 0 1 5 ) :
• Spotlight on retention.
• Adjunct faculty working conditions.
• Reimagining the career office.
• The rise of team science.
• Growing governing-board tensions. • A higher profile for teaching. • Academic-freedom skirmishes in the • The cultivation of millennials as social-media age. future donors. • The “unbundling” of higher education.
• Navigating change – trend or opportunity.
S OME K EY
STATS ON
M ILLENNIAL G IVING
47%
49%
of millennial alumni have donated to their alma maters.
said they didn’t like the most recent way their alma mater asked for money.
33% who didn’t give said it was mainly because their donations would go to better use elsewhere.
88% of those who had volunteered with their alma maters said they planned to donate.
Source: “2014 Millennial Alumni Report: A Study on Millennial Alumni of Four-Year Universities in the United States,” by the research firm Achieve and The Chronicle of Philanthropy
T ITLE IV F UNDS AND A CCREDITATION • Add non-retaliation language • Most important “ask” to Congress • Governments that receive federal money cannot retaliate against a CHE institution on the basis of its religious mission • Clarify the relationship between accreditor and the school • The school can operate in accordance with its religious mission • Add a civil remedy • Gordon College did not have avenue by which to sue the accreditor, but the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals has laid out a process by which a school can do so
Over a lifetime, someone with a bachelor’ degree earns about $1,000,000 more than someone with a bachelor’s diploma. The annual return on investment of a college degree has been about 15% since 2004- about double the return for the stock market. Federal Reserve Band of New York- 7/20/14
W OMEN
W HAT ’ S
THE
V ERY W HITE
C URRENT P ICTURE ?
AND
V ERY M ALE -N ORMED
Johnson, H. L. (2016)
W HERE
ARE THE
W OMEN ?
W OMEN
IN
L EADERSHIP N ATIONAL S TUDY
(B A SED A T G ORD ON C OL L EGE ) • • •
1,400+ evangelical organizations in the non-profit sector Data gathered from those that completed 2010 tax forms for their organizations Women are under-represented as leaders o 16% of CEOs o 19% of top-paid leaders o 21% of board members o Lack of racial diversity 10% female leaders & 7% of male leaders were non-white
T OP PAID E MPLOYEES , 2010 (CCCU)
120 CCCU I NSTITUTIONS ( % F E M A L E L E A D E R S FA L L 2 0 1 5 )
• • • • • • •
Chief Enrollment Officers – 29% Chief Financial Officers – 25% Other VP/Chief – 23% Chief Academic Officers – 23% Chief Student Development Officers – 22% Chief Advancement Officers – 14% Presidents – 7%
400+ LDI PARTICIPANTS 1998-2016 (80+ I NSTITUTIONS)
50+
32
12
HAVE ADVANCED INTO CABINET-LEVEL ROLES
CHIEF ACADEMIC OFFICERS
PRESIDENTS
P RESIDENTS
L EADERSHIP M ATTERS •
Almost all CIC presidents are satisfied with their jobs, more than public institutions’ presidents.
•
CIC presidents are youngest among presidents of four-year institutions (average age: 60.3 years)
•
CIC presidents are in their roles the longest (7.1 years in 2011)
•
A fourth of CIC presidents are women; share of women presidents at other institutions have increased, while CIC has stayed the same since 2006
•
Minority presidents among CIC institutions declined from 8% in 2006 to 6% in 2011, a level that is one-half to one-third of that at public institutions
Report uses data from the 2011 American Council on Education’s American College President study (ACPS).
L EADERSHIP M ATTERS Continued • The four most time-consuming duties of CIC presidents: fundraising, budget management, and enrollment management and now government relations.
Report uses data from the 2011 American Council on Education’s American College President study (ACPS).
L EADERSHIP M ATTERS F UTURE P LANNING • • •
•
Emphasis on preparing future leaders to assume presidencies. With high turnover, the pipeline needs to expand rapidly. Attention to preparing women and persons of color who aspire to the presidency. Programs to prepare aspiring leaders for the presidency in relevant content areas: technology, risk management, legal issues, enrollment, along with fundraising, boards and budgets. Research as to the reasons for the decline in the longevity of presidencies? Retirement? Friction with boards or faculty?
Report uses data from the 2011 American Council on Education’s American College President study (ACPS).
W HAT ’ S THE B ULL ’ S E YE ? “P ROFOUND A DAPTABILITY ”
O NLINE E DUCATION BY THE N UMBERS • 90% offer at least one online or hybrid course
• Approximately 50% offer one or more fully online programs • Nearly 1/3 charge less for online courses than for traditional courses • 4 out of 5 have no plans to grant credit for MOOCs • 2/3 do not intend to use MOOC content in regular classes Source: Chronicle of Higher Education Report on Technology.
M ANAGEMENT S TRATEGIES C HANGING L ANDSCAPE
FOR A
• Collaboration is crucial, especially with organizations beyond the campus. Colleges should have personnel or systems focused on relationships with local employers, community leaders, and other groups. • Failure is OK, as long as the culture creates a safe space for it.
• New approaches to thinking about the future—scenario planning, innovation labs, rapid prototyping, even just keeping employees up to speed on key national trends—help foster flexibility. Profound Adaptability! Source: The Chronicle of Higher Education Trend Report, 2015
W HAT ’ S THE GOAL ? A ND IS IT A LOST CAUSE ?
O UR
JOB AS LEADERS AND
T EACHERS IS
TO S HAPE STUDENTS
W HO ACT FOR THE PUBLIC GOOD O UT OF A LOVE FOR J ESUS C HRIST A T A COST TO THEMSELVES .
T HE G OSPEL O PPORTUNITY “ B UT
IS NOW !
G OD, CHOSEN FOR THE HIGH CALLING OF PRIESTLY WORK , CHOSEN TO BE A HOLY PEOPLE , G OD ’ S INSTRUMENTS TO DO HIS WORK AND SPEAK OUT FOR HIM , TO TELL OTHERS YOU WERE THE ONES CHOSEN BY
OF THE NIGHT AND DAY DIFFERENCE HE MADE FOR YOU — FROM NOTHING TO SOMETHING , FROM REJECTED TO ACCEPTED. 1 PET. 2:9-10
ISSUES AND TRENDS IN CHRISTIAN HIGHER E D U C AT I O N S H I R L E Y H O O G S T R A , J. D. President Council for Christian Colleges & Universities