Nicosia 2017 - Candidate European Capital of Culture by bάd pίxεl

Reshaping the Future

Our city, seen from a distance And with virgin eyes like those of a Traveller beholding her for the first time appears to have just emerged detached from Mount Pentadaktylos that provides her with a sky blue backdrop to the north. Ancient is the city of Nicosia, yet history tightens its grip on her later in the years of the Franks, the years of the Turks and of the British and, of course, in the years of our own generation. In our time she remains the last divided city of Europe, sliced in two by the “Green Line”, its cohesion and continuity disrupted. The tragedy of this country’s occupation is literally tangible all along the “Green Line”. But time moves on... Elsewhere the Berlin Wall and other artificial dividing lines have crumbled. This too is Nicosia’s hope for tomorrow: for “artificial lines” to dissolve, for our city to once more discover her complete image. Michalis Pasiardis October 1991

Having come through a long and creative journey of preparation, we formally submit to you the proposal of our city, Nicosia, and the wider region. The offering of our candidacy for the title of the European Capital of Culture brings our city face to face with itself, its advantages, disadvantages and particularities, and contributes substantially to a process of redefining itself. It is our firm belief that the multidimensional character of Nicosia and region, its rich past and most of all the contemporary image of the city, not only will satisfy the requirements of the institution of the ECoC but also provide incentive for further studying the city and its achievements. The capital claims the title with strong will and determination.

Eleni Mavrou Mayor of Nicosia

We go back to our roots, back to the human, back to our inner self. We now see our future through more critical, creative, caring and complex thinking. For our approach, we choose to use two languages: the language of the heart and the language of the mind (emotion and logic). This diversity exists in the two hemispheres of our brain, and although these may appear to be in «conflict», they in fact enrich each other. First, we must be aware of the diversity of our own nature, as to accept the diversity of others. It is my strong belief that, if we can bridge the natural border in our minds, we can also bridge the unnatural “border(s)” dividing our city.

Achilleas Kentonis Coordinator of Nicosia 2017 team

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Contents Vocabulary

Ledra, Lefkothea, Kallinikis, Lefcousia, Nicosia…many names but the same heart

Nicosia Timeline

Part I: Basic principles

The Nicosia Model

Part II: Structure of the programme for the event

Part III: Organisation and financing of the event

Organisational structure

Financing of the event

Part IV: City Infrastructure

Part V: Communication Strategy

Part VI: Evaluation and Monitoring of the Event

Part VII: Additional Information

In pictures

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Photography credits

The divided city and the Venetian Walls, Leventis Municipal Museum Archive

Vocabulary Culture: Culture is the medium which energizes thinking towards our relation with the Other, Nature and Society Cultural producers: Creators and innovators of material and immaterial art and culture The Programme: Refers to the Project of the European Capital of Culture. The tender documents refer to the Project as the Event or the Project or the Programme. For the purposes of this report, the word “Programme” has been chosen. Activities programme: Refers to the actions and activities that will compose the schedule of Events of the Programme Communities: The term Communities is used without any political connotation, but, as the term that denotes the various communities, peoples, groups, minorities, immigrants – residents of Nicosia as well as the various conquerors that passed through the city over the centuries. Nicosia and the wider region: Includes the 9 Municipalities of Nicosia, Larnaca, Strovolos, Latsia, Aglantzia, Engomi, Ayios Dometios, Lakatamia and Idalion Philosophy: “Is the art of living” - Ploutarchos

Leventis Municipal Museum Archive

Ledra, Lefkothea, Kallinikis, Lefkousia, Nicosia… many names, but the same heart Nicosia emerged from the sea, 1,8-5 million years ago. The emergence of Nicosia joined together the Troodos and Pendadactylos mountain ranges and created the Mesaoria plain. This is how the island of Cyprus was created. Nicosia is situated in the very centre of the island, it is the heart of Cyprus and has been contstantly inhabited since the Chalcolithic period (4.000 B.C.). Its character and personality is the outcome of many factors, historic and recent: • It is the outcome of its historic path, which has always been affected by the diversity of the peoples settling or passing through the city. • It is the outcome of its role as the Capital of the island, which hosted a large number of peoples or was conquered by them, over its troublesome past. • Different communities established their official representations in the city; and their different religious denominations set up their seats in close proximity to the headquarters of the official Church of the island, which was and still is situated at the heart of the city. Nicosia derives from the different civilizations, cultures and religions that coexist within the boundaries of the City and its suburbs. In the recent past and up to the present Nicosia has been called upon to play a different role; one that is played only by cities that are forced to divide due to factors beyond their own volition, and not for geographical or practical reasons. The division of Nicosia, began in 1963 and completed by the Turkish invasion in 1974, has been an everyday reality manifested by man-made barriers: a “Green Line” - known as the Buffer Zone; a line that for many decades cuts across the city and prevents its citizens from interacting.

“Richest are those that are in possession of the most experiences.

”

- Rabindranath Tagore

The separation of the Nicosians by the Green Line is probably the greatest shock that the city still has to endure. Furthermore, this division halves the historical centre of the capital, as defined by the Venetian Walls, a symbol of the city’s medieval rise and the heart of today’s capital. Since 2003 and particularly after 2008 (the year that marked the opening of the crossing in the historical Ledra Street) the inhabitants of the town have the possibility of getting together and cooperating. The proposal of Nicosia as candidate European Capital of Culture aims at further developing the ties between the communities, not only the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots but also those of all the communities living in the town. Besides, such was the character of the city since antiquity. The main distinctive features of this timeless multicultural mosaic are hospitality, tolerance to diversity, coexistence and cooperation.

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Nicosia timeline 3.900 BC

The area in the centre of the Mesaoria plain is inhabited.

3.900 – 2,600 BC

Chalcolithic Age settlements

2,600 – 1050 BC

Bronze Age settlements

1050 – 750 BC

Iron Age settlements. The establishment of the Kingdom of Ledra.

750 – 58 BC

A sanctuary, an olive press, houses and workshops discovered recently in the very centre of the Nicosia area attest to a developed and organized community from the CyproArchaic to Hellenistic times.

58BC – 325 AD

During the Roman times the city is called Lefcothea or Lefcousia in honour of Lefcos, son of Ptolemaios/Ptolemy.

343 /4 AD

Early Christian period. The Bishop of Ledra Trifillios attends the Church Council of Sardica, described by St. Jerome as “Cypri Ledrensis sive Lefcotheon Episcopus”.

395 – 1191 AD

Byzantine period. The name of the town develops into Lefcousia- Lefcosia.

650 – 800 AD

During the Arab invasions the population of the island moves towards the centre of Cyprus. The city gains importance.

800 – 1092 AD

Nicosia becomes the administrative and military centre of the Byzantine governor.

1191 AD

Self-styled emperor of Cyprus, Isaac Comnenos, retreated to Nicosia during the conquest of the island by Richard the Lionheart, King of England.

1191 AD

The Knight Templars are the new rulers of Cyprus. Their base is the castle of Nicosia, where on the 10th of April of that year the Cypriots rebel against them.

1192 AD

Richard the Lion Heart sold the island to the ex King of Jerusalem, the French Guy de Lusignan.

1192 – 1489 AD

Establishment of the medieval kingdom of Cyprus. Nicosia is the capital of the kingdom, seat of the Catholic archbishop and the administrative, military and commercial centre of the island.

Savvas Anastasiou, Avant Garde Press

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1489 AD

Caterina Cornaro, the last Lusignan Queen of Cyprus, was obliged to abandon her kingdom to the administration of the Serenissima Republic of Venice.

1489 – 1571 AD

The island of Cyprus comes under Venetian rule. Nicosia is the capital of the island.

1567 AD

Julio Savorgnano designs the new Venetian fortifications of the city.

1570 AD

From July to September the Ottoman army besieges Nicosia. Nicosia fell on the 9th of September 1570 and a year later the entire island was also under the Ottomans.

1571 – 1878 AD

Nicosia is the capital of the Ottoman administration and the seat of the Orthodox archbishop of Cyprus. Nicosia remains the commercial centre of the island though its population is very low.

1878 – 1960 AD

The administration of Cyprus is transferred to Great Britain. Nicosia continues to be the capital.

1882 AD

Establishment of the Municipality of Nicosia.

1955 – 1959 AD

The EOKA struggle for self-determination and union with Greece resulted in the establishment of The Republic of Cyprus.

16.8.1960 AD

Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus. Nicosia is the capital of the new Republic.

23.12.1963 AD

The intercommunal troubles cause a constitutional crisis and Nicosia is forcibly divided into Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot quarters. A UN officer draws the dividing line on a city map with a green pen, thus creating the “Green Line” of today.

20.7.1974 AD

On the 20th of July, Turkey invaded Cyprus dividing the country into two and forcing nearly half of the population of Cyprus to become refugees in their own country. Nicosia’s population doubles.

1995 AD

Nicosia hosts the European Cultural Month 1995.

2004 AD

Accession of Cyprus to the European Union. Nicosia is now a European capital.

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Part I: Basic Principles

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The Concept Of The Nicosia Project

The Nicosia Model is based on Nicosiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Culture where Culture Liberates and Unites and aims at Reshaping The Future through actions under 6 pillars: Architecture, Arts and Heritage, Economy, Civil Society, Environment, Sciences

Stelios Papapetrou, Avant Garde Press

I. Basic Principles .16

1. Why does the city which you represent wish to take part in the competition for the title of European Capital of Culture? What, for it, would be the main challenge of this nomination? (a) Nicosia: our city “Great is the contrast between the town and its surroundings, and greater still between the objects within the city. There are Venetian fortifications by the side of Gothic edifices surmounted by the Crescent, on antique, Classic soil. Turks, Greeks, and Armenians, dwell, intermingled, bitter enemies at heart, and united solely by their love for the land of their birth.” Ludwig Salvador, Archduke of Austria, Levkosia, die Hauptstadt Von Cypern, 1873 Nicosia is the only city in Cyprus, which has been continuously inhabited since 4000 BC. Because of this uninterrupted human presence, it has a diachronic, rich and multilayered past. Its culture goes far back in time but what makes it richer is the plurality and diversity of people (conquerors or not) who passed through or even remained. Nicosia, although divided, is a vibrant city with dynamic, innovative and creative people. It is not a coincidence that it has to show a vast amount of artistic output, greatly appreciated by enthusiastic audiences. The city is situated at the centre of the island and has been the official capital for more than 1000 years. It is the main educational centre of the island with 5 of the country’s 7 universities (public and private) and 25 of 34 colleges situated within its wider boundaries including Larnaca. As a result, the city hosts the highest number of students (local and international), significantly enhancing its social and artistic life. Almost every research institute producing advanced and innovative results on a European level (i.e. the awarded bi-communal Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics) is located in the capital. Nicosia has a tradition and culture of volunteerism, which is a very beneficial mechanism to the civil society, but above all to the city itself.

(b) Nicosia: our vision Nicosia has a vision and invites all to open their hearts and overcome physical and mental barriers in order to re-evaluate and determine anew their past, their present and their future. Nicosia is confident that it has the experience, the social diversity, the cultural wealth and heritage, all of which it is ready and willing to share with and communicate to all the citizens of Europe and the whole world. It basically relies on an anthropocentric approach, which helps in bringing down barriers, while enabling individuals to share and appreciate the need for personal internal change as an evolution process for the people of tomorrow.

“Healing is a matter

of time, but sometimes it is a matter of opportunity.

”

- Hippocrates

Nicosia has a vision: reshaping the future. The challenge is for this vision to become reality. Nicosia 2017

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What are the city’s objectives for the year in question?

“But time moves on… Elsewhere, the Berlin Wall and other artificial dividing lines have crumbled. This too is Nicosia’s hope for tomorrow: for “artificial lines” to dissolve, for our city to once more discover her complete image.” Michalis Pasiardis At a time when words like “disaster”, “conflict”, “No Mans’ Land”, “Hope”, “Change”, “Negotiations”, “Fear” dominate the media challenging global values, we come forward with the desire and determination to reshape our future; this is our primary objective, leading towards and going beyond the year in question. Nicosia’s objectives are to animate even more the creative capabilities of our citizens based on the 4Cs: • • • •

Critical thinking Creative thinking Caring thinking Complex thinking

This kind of thinking leads to changing the mindset, to a different view, to new perspectives. Going back to the roots and the basics we move towards: –– the social and cultural transformation via our culture –– education and cultivation, which show real respect of the existing European dimension and its values by all citizens –– the opening up of our hearts to the whole of Europe and the surrounding countries –– the development of creative and artistic mechanisms for social change and benchmarking performances to secure sustainability

Shona Muir, thoro imagezine (thoraw.wordpress.com)

The Nicosia Model – The Nicosia Culture Nicosia, a city that had to go through many extreme experiences of historic, cultural, ethnic and religious confrontation, is the manifestation of a place where dividing differences among the Communities can become a destructive force for the survival of the city and civil society. In an effort to overcome and survive, Nicosia created its own “defensive mechanism”, where culture gradually became the force that had the power to create common denominators not threatening to the Communities of the city and their different ethnicities, cultures or religions. Once established, these common denominators lead to the “Liberation” of the Nicosians from the stereotypes and “Unification” of the citizens, in a common quest for survival and prosperity. This became the “Nicosia Culture”, where “Culture Liberates and Unites.” I. Basic Principles .18

Since its official declaration as Capital of the Republic of Cyprus on 16 August 1960, and especially after the tragic first division of the city in 1963, the Municipality of Nicosia through its various cultural events and activities has been using the motto “as long as we create, we survive”. This Culture can become, not only a “peacekeeping” tool, but also the solid foundation on which the city can build further to Reshape the Future, regenerate itself and achieve growth and prosperity, while boosting the confidence and self-esteem of its Communities and freeing Nicosians to open up – as in the past - to the other European Cultures. Instead of building walls, more bridges are built. “Open hearts” is a vision aimed to materialize, a dream waiting to come true.

“Art is one of the means that unites people.

”

- Immanuel Kant

The Nicosia model is based on an anthropocentric approach leading us to respect our past, appreciate our present and reshape our future. The establishment of institutional initiatives and actions within the activities programme that will bring the Communities closer together and in unison, bring them closer to the other Member States of Europe and the Middle Eastern / Mediterranean neighbours, can become the vehicle to pursue this Reshaping of the Future. This model which builds on the Nicosia Culture that liberated and united the Communities in establishing a peaceful coexistence and set new goals for city regeneration, prosperity, creativity and growth for the Reshaping of the Future, is called the Nicosia Model. There are already several pioneering, daring and innovative examples, of peace and collaboration for the benefit of the citizens, such as the Nicosia Sewerage Board project established by the Nicosia Municipality in 1977, as early as three years after the division of the island, which marked the first collaboration between the Greek- and the Turkish- Cypriot Communities. A few years later, in 1978, these two communities agreed on the establishment and implementation of another innovative bi-communal project, the Nicosia Master Plan. The project refers to the parallel development, regeneration and revitalization of the historical centre on both sides and of the city in general, for the benefit of both Greek and TurkishCypriots. Both projects were internationally recognized and received important international awards, the latest being the Europa Nostra 2011 Award for the Revitalization of the Green Line. In addition, individuals, artists and scientists, groups, NGO’ s and associations, participated in joint bi-communal projects, exhibitions, symposia, festivals and so forth. Nicosia Municipality always took the lead in establishing a concrete and dynamic cultural policy, creating a significant cultural infrastructure that became a cultural model for cities not only in Cyprus but on an international level as well. Some of the most important municipal cultural initiatives are: 1. The Nicosia Municipal Theatre (1966), which for many years housed the National Theatre of Cyprus. 2. The Famagusta Gate Municipal Cultural Centre (1981), a 16th century Venetian Gate restored and refurbished in order to be used as Nicosia 2017

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the main cultural centre of the Nicosia Municipality. Famagusta Gate opened its doors in 1981 and was the first example on the island of an ancient monument transformed and used for contemporary cultural purposes. It received the Europa Nostra Award (1984). 3. Laiki Yeitonia Revitalisation Project, a small neighborhood in the old city was completely restored to host craftsmen and traditional Cypriot restaurants. It won the Golden Apple Tourist Award (1985). 4. Theatro ENA, the old municipal warehouses opposite Famagusta Gate were restored and transformed into an experimental theatre. 5. The Leventis Municipal Museum of Nicosia, the first and only historical museum on the island, which has received the European Museum Award (1991). 6. The Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre, associated with the Pierides Foundation. The first and most important Contemporary Art centre in the island, housed in the Old Power House of Nicosia within the walls. It won the Europa Nostra Award (1994). 7. Melina Mercouri Hall, the old municipal warehouses were restored and converted into an exhibition and theatre venue. 8. Ayios Andreas Municipal Market, it has been restored and transformed into a multi-purpose venue, hosting mainly experimental theatre performances and modern dance performances. 9. Chrysaliniotissa Workshop Centre, a unique complex of traditional architecture housing artisans’ studios. 10. Multi-purpose Centre of Modern Social Services (2007), the old leper-house of the town has been restored and today hosts special training and educational programmes for groups of children and immigrants. 11. Municipal Old People’s Home, the old military barracks of British rule next to Famagusta Gate, which in the 1960s had been turned into a municipal old People’s Home, have been renovated and today house a community multi-purpose centre for the aged and other population groups, as well as a conference centre (2009). 12. “Oi Myloi” Kaimakli Cultural Centre, this is a contemporary multipurpose venue (2010) in the Kaimakli area bordering the ceasefire line. 13. Old Pallouriotissa Municipal Market, the old municipal market of Pallouriotissa, has been modified so as to serve the needs of a modern multi-purpose space. 14. Educational Centre for the Children of the Arts Centre (2009), it is housed in a traditional building of the old town and organizes modern educational programmes for children and young persons of both Cypriots and immigrants. 15. Arts Centre City Theatre, it is housed in an old carpentry shop, having an experimental and educational orientation, which brings together the various communities and minorities of the town through theatre. The next “chapter” of this Model is the establishment of 6 Pillars under which the activities programme will aim at making this task of regenerating the city come true. All actions will be of a long-term impact and effect and will address all echelons of the society of Nicosia and the whole of Cyprus, as well as those of European and neighbouring countries. This task can definitely be achieved with Nicosia being the European Capital of Culture, since a driving force with multiplier positive effects in the present and the future will then be generated. I. Basic Principles .20

The 6 Pillars: 1. Architecture 2. Arts and Heritage 3. Economy 4. Civil Society 5. Environment 6. Sciences The impact of this Model, is great for city growth and regeneration, development and prosperity, not just for Nicosia but for the whole of Cyprus; Nicosia as the heart of Cyprus beats and pulsates towards all other cities. The benefits will go beyond the city’s geographical boundaries. The evolution, in all aspects, of Nicosia is essential to all the cities of Cyprus, since being the Capital, is the center of decision making - political, administrative and other- and the place where the leaderships of all minorities converge. The Nicosia Model not only can be a textbook case but also a really striking one. Other cities of the world that face similar issues of segregation and conflict may use it as well, as can the citizens of any place. THE NICOSIA MODEL, “Reshaping the Future”, can be perceived as the next step in an effort to build on diversity and turn division and differences into a positive force leading to creativity, city regeneration and cultural vitality. It is a model which has capitalized on the current Nicosia Culture - Where Culture Liberates and Unites -, to create growth and revitalization of the city, while building the confidence and self-esteem of the Nicosia communities and giving a new vitality to their cultural life so as to enable them to open up - once again - to the European cultures and those of neighbouring countries. This will be achieved through its “open heart” and the establishment of institutional activities of local and international interest, under 6 Pillars: Architecture, Arts and Heritage, Economy, Civil Society, Environment, Science Where Culture: 1. Unites & liberates 2. Brings down the last dividing wall of Europe 3. Is a “meeting point” and melting pot of civilizations 4. Enhances unity by building on difference 5. Highlights the richness of diversity and celebrates the cultural ties that link the Communities of Nicosia under a common cause for regeneration and creativity 6. Manifests a new model where diversity becomes a source of creativity and of a joint culture 7. Opens hearts and changes the world

Ivars Krutainis

The Goals to be attained through the Programme are: 1. To strengthen even more the effect of the “Nicosia Model” on the city. The Model was developed out of the need of a city to find ways to turn Diversity into Creativity and Culture, and differences into Opportunities, firstly for survival, followed then by development and growth for the city and its Communities. Nicosia 2017

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2. To “Reshape the Future” of Nicosia, by establishing institutional, result – generating actions and providing infrastructural support, that enable the city to revitalize and the Nicosians to create and grow, now and in the long run, in unity and in unison with the different European countries, for the promotion of mutual understanding and the establishment of stronger cultural ties. 3. To capitalise on the historic connections of Nicosia with many European cities and, in unison, to bring this group of European cities closer to the neighbouring non-European cultures. 4. The Old Nicosia Project within the framework of the Nicosia Master Plan. Special attention will be given to the restoration of all traditional buildings, monuments and places of interest, in order for the historical nucleus of the old city to regain its status as a vibrant and dynamic city centre. Nicosia’s participation in the Programme will give the boost and momentum that the city needs to meet these goals. Financial and other support will enable the city to experience a multiplier effect in its efforts for city regeneration, revitalization of the city’s cultural life, strengthening of the Communities’ self esteem, confidence and willingness to reach out. “This task of Reshaping the Future is the new challenge for Nicosia, which can become a successful reality with the city’s participation in the European Capital of Culture Programme.” Position expressed by the people of Nicosia during the workshops for ECoC 2017

Stelios Papapetrou, Avant Garde Press

I. Basic Principles .22

2. Explain the concept of the programme which would be launched if the city was nominated European Capital of Culture? Reshaping the Future The concept of the programme for reshaping the future is based on challenging and stimulating the citizen’s society and Europe via their participation in the programme in order to: • re-discover play, as the ultimate source of innovation and creativity • re-define public space, as the ultimate cause of curiosity and discovery • re-educate people, as a way to remember, re-think and re-position themselves • re-evaluate performance, to secure monitoring, quality, transparency and non-political introversions • re-valorize the urban and natural environment, for better living conditions The above concept is the outcome of the active interaction of the six pillars of action, mentioned in question 1.

Reshaping the Future Goal 1

Goal 2

Goal 3

To strengthen even more the impact of the “Nicosia Model” on the city and its inhabitants; and to create opportunities to turn the Nicosia Model into a generic model applicable to all European cities that need to build on the diversity and “nativeness” of different cultures, through the establishment of common cultural ties and by capitalizing on the richness of diversity

To Reshape the Future of Nicosia, by establishing institutional actions and providing infrastructural support, so as for Nicosia to regenerate, to create and grow, today and tomorrow.

To capitalise on the historic connections of Nicosia with many European cities and, in unity, to bring this group of European cities closer to the neighboring non-European cultures.

Where we start from… Nicosia’s Positioning, where culture liberates and unites A derivative of the coexistence of many diverse Communities and cultures The Six Pillars that will Reshape the Future, based on this culture 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Architecture Arts and Heritage Economy Civil Society Environment Sciences

Nicosia 2017

Through the establishment of institutional actions and activities of a long term value and effect, for all echelons of the society, to become a uniting force between the Communities of Nicosia, the people of the island, the European partners, and, in unity, the neighboring Middle East and Mediterranean countries.

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3. Could this programme be summed up by a slogan? (the answer to this question is optional at the pre-selection stage) “Reshaping the Future”

4. Which geographical area does the city intend to involve in the “European Capital of Culture” event? Explain this choice. The region Nicosia, which today numbers over 300,000 inhabitants making up more than 30% of the whole population of Cyprus, is not represented by the Nicosia Municipality alone but is comprised of 7 other municipalities in its wider region. Following the successful precedent of 1995 when the Nicosia Municipality undertook to organize the European Cultural Month, with all the Municipalities of the greater region cooperating to contribute to the success of the event, the Nicosia Municipality has already secured and relies upon the effective cooperation of all the municipalities and communities as a whole. Furthermore, in a pioneering move for Cyprus, the Municipality has also secured the participation and cooperation of the Municipality of the city of Larnaca and all other municipalities and communities of the Larnaca district. Taken together, the population of the Nicosia and Larnaca regions reaches 449.800, with 315.400 and 134.400 respectively, representing over 50% of the Republic’s 803,200 population (CYSTAT 2010). Moreover, since earlier times Larnaca has been the main gateway to Cyprus. The Larnaca International Airport, one of the largest and most modern in the Eastern Mediterranean, is situated here.

Nicosia Larnaca I. Basic Principles .24

The land of this region connects and has access to both the Eastern and Western sea areas of the island. For the purpose of this programme, the above mentioned areas are referred to as “Nicosia and the wider region”. The region committed in the “European Capital of Culture” event includes nine (9) Municipalities as listed below: • • • • • • • • •

Nicosia Municipality Larnaca Municipality Strovolos Municipality Latsia Municipality Aglantzia Municipality Engomi Municipality Ayios Dometios Municipality Lakatameia Municipality Idalion Municipality

All Municipalities comprising Greater Nicosia are adjoined and in close proximity. Why Larnaca? Small as Cyprus is, the differences in cultural characteristics of its various cities and areas have been very strong with the exception of the cities of Larnaca and Nicosia, which have timelessly functioned as a single cultural area. Nicosia became the official capital of Cyprus around 800 AD, and remained such ever since. Larnaca has always been an important ancient port, establishing contacts and relations with the Middle Eastern civilizations. With the administration at the centre of the island, Larnaca eventually became the most important coastal city, as it is the closest to the capital, functioning as a Gateway with its port through which commerce, international news and trends from the outside world reached the island. The relationship between these two main urban centres was strengthened additionally by the fact that they were the only ones to be continuously linked via a carriage road that ensured safety and time-efficiency, as opposed to the other coastal towns, where distance and terrain made accessibility to the capital problematic and timeconsuming.

Europe Square, Larnaca Municipality Archive

Through time Larnaca became an extension of Nicosia and many local and foreign merchants and big established families moved there. During the 19th century Larnaca had the biggest population of all Cyprus. The dynamics of ECoC come at a perfect time, when the two cities join their energy and potential for a common future, at a time when Larnaca reclaims its values, culture and economy. Larnaca and Nicosia re-establish their collaboration in the reshaping of a common future.

Nicosia 2017

George Groutas

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The Green Line An important challenge, within Nicosia and the wider region is the Green Line, which extends over 180 km across the island in a westerly-easterly direction; in some places it is 7.4 kilometres wide and in others as narrow as 3.3 meters, such as is the case in old Nicosia. Approximately 95% of the Green Line mainly affects the Nicosia and Larnaca regions. Although the Green Line is against the laws of nature, it is “paradoxically” one of the best examples of biodiversity. It is home to the fruit bat, a protected species. It has also, time and again, been the inspiration for or the subject matter of artistic projects both by local and internationally acclaimed artists.

“ Art is not, through

my eyes, a solitary enjoyment, but a means for one to move the greatest number of people, offering them a privileged image of our common woes and joys.

”

- Albert Camus

Green Line, Press and Information Office

Our hidden treasures The participating region is filled with unpredictable and unique surprises. Adventure and (re)discovery are priorities of the activities programme we propose. This will give an amazing opportunity to both local and international guests to take part in a treasure-hunting game, while being part of a programme at ECoC level. The area includes 11 out of 12 UNESCO world heritage sites in Cyprus, as well as places with special interest to both local and international visitors. It is not only a responsibility, but also a great pleasure to share this with fellow citizens from all over Europe as co-owners of this cultural wealth. Some of the regions’ most important treasures are: • Ancient Kition. Kition, now mostly buried under modern Larnaca, was an important ancient city, originally settled by the Mycenaeans and the Phoenicians 3,000 years ago. The ancient port of Kition was one of the main ports for the exportation of copper. • Blue Flag beaches such as Castella, Pyla, McKenzie and Phinikoudes • Choirokitia settlement, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (1998). The Neolithic settlement of Choirokoitia, inhabited from the 7th to the 4th millennium B.C., is one of the most important prehistoric sites in the eastern Mediterranean. • Hala Sultan Mosque. The Hala Sultan Tekke is one of the holiest places for Muslims in the world. The monument lies in a serene setting on the shores of the Larnaca Salt Lake, which appears to be an important site also in prehistory. I. Basic Principles .26

• Kakkaristra Canyon. Situated within the boundaries of Latsia Municipality outside the city of Nicosia, the area is considered to be an important geological landmark. • Kalavasos Tenta. The archaeological site of Kalavasos lies in a dominant position to the west of the Vasilikos river valley, about 38 km southwest of Larnaka and 45 km south of Nicosia. According to local tradition the name goes back to 327 A.D. when St. Helen, the mother of Constantine the Great stayed in a tent (Cyp: tenta) in this location during her visit to the island following the discovery of the Cross of the Crucifixion in Jerusalem. Kalavasos-Tenta provides evidence for the initial establishment, at the end of the 7th millennium B.C. • Mesaoria plain. Between the two mountain ranges lies the Mesaoria Plain (its name means “In Between Mountains”), which is flat and low-lying, extending from Morphou Bay in the west to Famagusta and Larnaca Bay in the east. Roughly in the centre of the plain is Nicosia. The plain is the principal cereal-growing area of the island. • Mitsero Copper Mine. It is known that copper mining in Cyprus has been carried out since ancient times. The island’s main mineral product became known as “Chalkos Kuprios”, a term changed by the Romans to “aes Cyprium” or “aes Cuprum”, signifying “the Metal of Cyprus”. • Natura 2000 network locations of protected areas, for example the Larnaca Salt Lake (also in Ramsar Convention), • Painted Churches of the Troodos mountains. This region is characterized by one of the largest groups of churches and monasteries of the former Byzantine Empire. The cluster of 10 monuments included on the UNESCO World Heritage List, all richly decorated with murals, provides an overview of Byzantine and postByzantine painting in Cyprus. • Pentaschinos River and its valley. In the irrigated valley of Pentaschinos, as well as in the coastal plain, are cultivated the citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruits, lemon trees), vegetables, potatoes, melons and artichokes, while in the remaining regions are cultivated the cereals (mainly wheat and a little barley), legumes, veterinary surgeon plants, olives and carobs. • Venetian Walls of Nicosia. Built in 1567 by the Venetian military engineer Julio Savorgnano, they are considered as the prototype of Renaissance military architecture.

Panagia Asinou Church, Antonis Minas

The region also includes the following communities, beautiful villages, with invaluable treasures to share: In the Nicosia region (97): Agia Barbara, Agia Eirini, Agia Marina Xyliatou, Agii Trimithias, Agios Epifaneios Oreinis, Agios Georgios Kafkalou, Agios Ioannis Malountas, Agios Theodoros Soleas, Agrokipia, Akaki, Alambra, Alithinou, Alona, Analiontas, Anayia, Anthoupoli, Apliki, Arediou, Askas, Astromeritis, Deftera Kato, Deftera Pano, Deneia, Episkopeio, Ergates, Evrychou, Nicosia 2017

.27

Farmakas, Flassou, Fterikoudi, Fykardou, Galata, Gerakides, Gourri, Kakopetria, Kaliana, Kalo Chorio Or., Kalopanayiotis, Kambi Farmaka, Kampia, Kambos, Kannavia, Kapedes, Kato Moni, Katydata, Klirou, Kokkinotrimithia, Korakou, Kotsiatis, Kourdali (Spilia), Koutrafas Kato, Lagoudera, Lazania, Leivadia P., Limpia, Linou, Lithrodontas, Malounta, Mammari, Marki, Mathiatis, Menoiko, Milikouri, Mitsero, Mosfili, Moutoulas, Nikitari, Nisou, Oikos, Orounta, Pachiammos, Palaichori Morfou, Palaichori Orinis, Paliometocho, Pedoulas, Pera Chorio, Pera Orinis, Peristerona, Pigainia, Platanistasa, Politiko, Polystipos, Potami, Potamia, Psimolofou, Pyrgos Kato, Pyrgos Pano, Saranti, Sia, Sina Oros, Spilia, Tembria, Tsakkistra, Tseri (soon to become Municipality), Vyzakia, Xyliatos, Yeri (soon to become Municipality) In the Larnaca region (48): Agglisides, Agia Anna, Agios Theodoros, Alaminos, Alethriko, Anafotia, Avdelero, Ayii Vavatsinias, Delikipos, Dromolaksia, Kalavasos, Kalo Chorio, Kato Drys, Kato Lefkara, Kellia, Khirokitia, Kiti, Kivisili, Klavdia, Kofinou, Kornos, Lagia, Leivadia, Mari, Maroni, Mazotos, Melini, Meneou, Mennogia, Mosfiloti, Odou, Ora, Ormideia, Pervolia, Psematismenos, Psevdas, Pyla, Pyrga, Skarinou,Tersefanou,Tochni, Troulloi, Vavatsinia, Vavla, Voroklini, Xylofagou, Xylotymbou, Zygi

Lefkara village, Larnaca Municipality Archive

I. Basic Principles .28

5. Do you already have the support of the local or regional political authorities? Or are you planning to ask for their support at a later date? Explain. Nicosia already has the support of the greater Municipal and local political authorities. For the first time, nine (9) mayors (with the approval of their Municipal Councils) of the wider area of Nicosia and the Municipality of Larnaca, from different political backgrounds, have united their forces in a common cause (see photo). This in itself constitutes proof of the synergy established on this level. It is worth noting that the number of Municipalities supporting this cause will rise to eleven (11) with the creation of two new Municipalities (currently communities) in the area of Nicosia. This synergy is experienced for the first time at this level, giving momentum for a number of positive results towards reshaping the future.

Nicosia Municipality Archive (prior to design of Nicosia 2017 candidate city logo)

Each participating Municipality has appointed a person as the Municipality’s representative in the process of Nicosia’s candidacy as ECoC 2017 This synergy between the Municipalities has already manifested itself in a series of events dedicated to the candidacy of Nicosia as ECoC 2017, during this year [2011]. Statements of Mayors of participating Municipalities With the participation of other Municipalities as partners at the side of the capital, a new dynamic is given to Nicosia’s bid for the nomination, since the integration of a wider periphery has not only been proven good practice for previous European Capitals of Culture, like Luxembourg, Essen, Ruhr, Marseilles, but also a powerful tool towards success. The broadening of the geographical boundaries of the city and the collaboration with a wider periphery implies the expansion of social, economic, cultural and other boundaries, making the region more competitive. The positive outcomes are, of course, bidirectional. On the one hand, the support extended by the participating Municipalities towards Nicosia strengthens the dynamic of the city to win its bid for the title, and on the other hand the partners will benefit from the results of a process, which, on account of its importance and European dimension sets mechanisms in motion, hitherto slow-moving or idle. Eleni Mavrou Nicosia Municipality Nicosia 2017

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Larnaca and Nicosia have been closely connected through the ages, economically, socially, commercially and culturally. Proof of this is that Larnaca has had the role of the portal and diplomatic centre of the island for long periods of time, thus inextricably linking its fortune with the capital. Today, Larnaca has a similar role to play, bringing a rich tradition in culture and providing an important cultural lung to this noble aspiration. The Municipality of our city is one of the largest in quality and quantity of cultural infrastructure, as well as in the organization of events and can contribute positively to the needs that will arise from the award of the European Capital of Culture. Its geographical position and the current infrastructure of the airport, the port, the marina and the hotels, make Larnaca an integral and important partner of Nicosia in its claim to the title. Andreas Moiseos Larnaca Municipality We are joining our forces with Nicosia Municipality and we support the claim to the nomination for the European Capital of Culture, by our Capital! Strovolos adds its own to the many cultural elements and characterists of Nicosia, strengthening by decision of the Municipal Council, the claim to the title. Simultaneously, we invite all the cities to do the same in order to draw European public opinion to the many cultural characteristics of Nicosia, which on a daily basis are affected by foreign occupation. The theatre and the Caves at the Acropolis Park, unique cultural spots of the area, enrich the proposal, together with anything else deemed useful in successfully pursuing our effort. Savvas Iliofotou Strovolos Municipality The Lakatamia Municipality is participating in the effort to promote the bid for the nomination of “Nicosia European Capital of Culture 2017”. The infrastructure of the Lakatamia amphitheatre, the art gallery, the character of the traditional nucleus of Nicosia, with its unique architecture and interior courtyards, the Research Centre of the Kykkos Monastery and the traditional Kkioroglou House, but also the cultural groups that are active in our Municipality, such as the folklore group, the choir, the philharmonic, give the opportunity to the Lakatamia Municipality to effectively strengthen Nicosia’s effort, and to contribute actively in cultural and other events which will take place in the framework of ECoC. Loucas Iatrou Lakatamia Municipality The Engomi Municipality having recognized the importance of claiming the title “European Capital of Culture 2017” for all the Municipalities of Greater Nicosia, but also for the whole of Cyprus, has decided to contribute in every way possible towards the effort of the Nicosia Municipality. The Engomi Municipality has an established choir and string orchestra, which have been acclaimed for their long and high quality presence in the cultural life of the country. Within the Municipal boundaries of Engomi remarkable historical and cultural sites are to be found, such as the Metochion of the Kykkos Monastery, the Panayia tis Makedonitissas Church, the Makedotinissa Tomb, the small Ayios Nikolaos church, the historical nucleus of Engomi where the traditional architecture is highlighted and the Cultural Foundation of the Kykkos Monastery in Archaggelos with lecture halls, research centre and the relics preservation centre. Engomi supports Nicosia in its ambitious work, which undoubtedly will significantly contribute towards highlighting the long history and culture of our city and of our country. Nicos Pavlides Engomi Municipality

I. Basic Principles .30

The Ayios Dometios Municipality will strengthen the efforts of the Nicosia Municipality in claiming the title of European Capital of Culture 2017, contributing significantly through its archaeological sites, the cultural infrastructure and the activities of intellectual and artistic creativity, together with the other Municipalities of Greater Nicosia. With four fifths of its territory under foreign occupation, the Ayios Dometios Municipality has to show strong cultural and social initiatives as well as a promising development process. It is our fundamental belief that the contribution of all Municipalities of Greater Nicosia is vital for the emergence of Nicosia as the European Capital of Culture, highlighting in this way the history and culture of Cyprus. Andreas Hadjiloizou Ayios Dometios Municipality The Aglantzia Municipal Council in their meeting dated 17 March 2011, decided to support the efforts of the Nicosia Municipality in claiming the title of European Capital of Culture for the year 2017. We believe that the Nicosia Municipality, the only divided capital of Europe, has all the prerequisites and must claim the title in question, thus creating awareness among EU citizens for the Cyprus problem. Furthermore, the ECoC will bring economic, cultural and social benefits to the area of Greater Nicosia. Andreas Petrou Aglantzia Municipality Latsia Municipality participates in the effort of Nicosia Municipality to claim the title of European Capital of Culture for 2017. The main argument for the participation of our Municipality, is the fact that wider Nicosia has a cultural background of historical significance with numerous archaeological sites, a technological background and contemporary cultural spaces, as well as human resources that have in the past repeatedly demonstrated their capability in undertaking events of high standard. Panayiotis A. Kyprianou Latsia Municipality ď&#x20AC;

The Idalion Municipality welcomes and supports the effort of the Nicosia Municipality in claiming the title of European Capital of Culture 2017. Idalion, as one of the most important ancient cities of Cyprus, with a rich historical and cultural heritage, is the closest archaeological site to the capital. The archaeological monuments, the Local Ancient Idalion Museum, the medieval churches, the restored watermill and the rest of the sites, make Dali a distinct historic path. We believe that the support and collaboration of the Idalion Municipality will strengthen Nicosiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s efforts. Leontios Kallenos Idalion Municipality

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6. How does the event fit into the longterm cultural development of the city and, where appropriate, of the region? “Knowledge sharing and collaboration are a key foundation of research and development” Jonathan Spira The “Nicosia Model” and the vision to “Reshape the Future” stem from the pressing need of the city over the years to keep evolving against all the odds; against division that leads to animosity and hatred among the Communities; against segregation that leads to isolation; against prejudice resulting from difference in origin, religion and culture. The Programme will be the driving force, with a multiplying impact on the efforts to Reshape the Future, through the establishment of institutional activities under 6 distinct pillars; activities that will bring the Nicosia Communities together and, in unison, closer to the European member states and neighbours. The Programme will give the momentum and the resources to establish actions and activities (activities programme) with a unifying potential and of financial significance. These actions and activities (activities programme) will not only become concrete, unifying forces among the Communities of Nicosia, but also income generating sources, of a long-term impact. They will not only aim at strengthening the cultural life of Nicosia in the long run, but also at targetting the development of a long term cooperation with other member states, which, jointly with Nicosia, can reach out to other civilizations of the “neighbourhood”, such as the Mediterranean countries, the Middle East, etc. This task will facilitate the identification of the common elements with the European cultures and highlight the richness of the cultural diversity of Europe. Being fully aware of the above reality and in full commitment to the sustainability of unity among the Nicosia Communities through a common culture, the City and all the Municipalities that participate along with Nicosia, are lending their full support to and showing their confidence in the Programme, which they see as an extension to their own long-term Cultural policy. To this end, the Municipal Authorities involved have already expressed their official commitment not only to support the Programme while in force, but also to contribute towards the sustainability of the activities in order to render them institutional with a long-term value.

Stelios Papapetrou, Avant Garde Press

Their support goes beyond the incorporation of the Programme in their respective 10 - Year Plans; they have also committed a percentage of their annual cultural budget to the Programme budget, and they have officially assumed the responsibility to assist towards raising awareness for the programme in their Municipalities, in order to safeguard volunteers and event participants. I. Basic Principles .32

To this effect, all actions that will be proposed under the 6 Pillars of the Nicosia Model are designed to meet the following criteria or requirements. 1. Bottom-up approach and idea-mapping 2. Adherence to the wider long-term plan for the cultural development of the City and the wider area 3. Building on existing activities and actions, for the development of institutional events that will address not only the inhabitants but also the European partners 4. Development of activities and actions (activities programme) that can safeguard the production of future income, for the long term support of the Programme activities 5. Appeal to all echelons of the society, a target also set while developing the municipal long-term cultural plan 6. Appeal to citizens of other European cities and of the neighbourhood, something that Nicosia now seeks to accomplish through the organising of various Cultural events and actions

7. To what extent do you plan to forge links with the other city to be nominated Capital of Culture? Visits have already been exchanged with both Danish candidate ECoC 2017 cities, starting in 2010. These visits have proven fruitful in linking the strengths and weaknesses between the cities, so as to establish not only valuable collaboration, but also the transfer of know-how and good practice. A parallel aim of the visits was to gain first-hand experience of the city character, cultural landscape, cultures and sub-cultures. Nicosia has proposed to both Danish candidate cities, the establishment of an “Embassy” in each of the two cities that will be nominated ECoC 2017. These “Embassies” (in Denmark and in Cyprus) would function as an open platform for the incubation of ideas, projects and cultural products to the benefit of both cities, as well as to produce economic results. Cultural producers, scientists, entrepreneurs, academics, students or any other citizen could be accommodated and research and/or propose collaborations between the two cities promoted on the basis of the common links between the two cities. The “Embassies” would be launched in 2016 until the end of 2017, when their activities and performance are evaluated. This could be an essential tool in changing the landscape of the so far limited collaboration between Nordic and south-eastern Mediterranean Europe, by increasing in practical terms the mobility of ideas, people and know-how. Stelios Papapetrou, Avant Garde Press

Nicosia 2017

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In addition to the common project proposal to both candidate cities, more specific projects have been jointly developed with each corresponding candidate city. With Aarhus it is planned (as a start) to • have specific projects with the Universities (Schools of Architecture) in Aarhus and Nicosia. Architects from the private sector from both cities would participate in a joint effort to do research in contemporary architectural issues, the environment and social behaviour in public spaces. Yearly meetings/conferences/lectures would take place for the research and development of prototypes, which would be presented during 2017 in both ECoC cities [more details in phase 2] • collaborate on design issues, where designers from both cities would co-produce projects based on the particularities of each city (designwise and material-wise) and find ways to promote these to the EU market. • have a number of short-term residencies under the title “Blind Date” where young, in body or in mind, cultural producers would spontaneously react on common projects, which would be developed on the spot, challenging creativity and new ideas. With Sonderborg it is planned (as a start) to • try to reproduce a Zeppelin airship (there was a Zeppelin factory in Sonderborg) and try to fly from Sonderborg to Nicosia, carrying cultural goods which can be appreciated by the people of both cities. [more details in phase 2] • develop a special programme on textile design based on tradition, with a contemporary twist, and find ways to promote resulting products to the EU market • join forces on renewable energy and sustainability between Lean Energy Cluster (Sonderborg) and Cyprus Institute (Nicosia) In addition to the above confirmed actions between the two cities, significant widening of the spectrum of disciplines and actions is planned.

Varnavas Varnava

I. Basic Principles .34

8. Explain how the event could fulfil the criteria listed below. Please substantiate your answer for each of the criteria (this question must be answered in greater detail at the final selection stage). As regards “The European Dimension”, how does the city intend to contribute to the following objectives: –– to strengthen cooperation between the cultural operators, artists and cities of your country and other Member States, in all cultural sectors The approach to strengthen the cooperation between the cultural operators, artists and cities and other Member States in all cultural sectors consists of three main steps. Open platform for dialogue Formation of a dynamic “Network of Networks” Activities Programme Step 1 – Open platform for dialogue at a European level The city has already commenced the process of informing all social, business, cultural, political, scientific and educational bodies through presentations, workshops and collection of ideas at a local, Mediterranean, European and international level. The aim of these presentations and workshops is to show that ECoC 2017 provides for maximum collaboration of all local bodies with their European counterparts in order to generate ideas; in parallel, it is presented as a platform, targeted entirely on synergy, cooperation and the materialization of ideas aiming at growth and prosperity of the region. Step 2 – Formation of a dynamic “Network of Networks” Through the presentations and workshops, a dynamic “network of networks” has already formed, providing space for the generation of creative ideas. This new network would serve as the basis not only to strengthen cultural cooperation on the European level, but also to lead the ECoC 2017 programme to cultural (co) production, as opposed to pure cultural consumption, where the dynamic of the ECoC would function as an orchestrator, strengthening the level of synergy, efficiency as well as sharing. Nicosia 2017

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Step 3 – Activities Programme The multi - layered effect of these steps will lead to the materialization of the ideas: a unique programme, attractive to all Cypriots, to Europeans, to the peoples in the neighbouring countries, it aims to position Nicosia as a cultural hub of creativity with maximum impact on the activation and participation of the citizens towards reshaping the future. A prime example of the results of the above methodology is the collaboration of five (5) European universities: Frederick University in Nicosia, in collaboration with the North Karelia University of Applied Sciences in Finland, Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland, Institute of Accounting and Administration of Porto (ISCAP) in Portugal, Silesian University in the Czech Republic, who are conducting the research and design of tourist products for Nicosia 2017.

“In our daily life we

need to find the juice that feeds the creativity of our soul.

”

- Sark

Strengthening cooperation via EU structures and networks: • Use to full capacity the existing relationships with other cities through the twinning of the nine participating Municipalities • Culture, Grundtvig, Europe for Citizens, Leonardo, Erasmus, ENPI MED, Interreg, Archimed etc. • Active participation in strong network of residencies in Europe and neighbouring countries. • The Cultural Observatory of the Middle East, based in Nicosia since 2006 with representatives in numerous countries of the Middle East. • Activating the networks of environmental actions, universities, research centres, businesses, knowledge exchange networks that cover all types of the contemporary cultural landscape. Furthermore Nicosia Municipality is an active member of the following European networks: • • • • •

UCEU (Union of Capitals of the European Union) Europa Nostra Network of Walled Cities European Museum Forum European Museum Academy

EU programmes in Cultural, scientific, social and other sectors will be fully activated, having in mind that there will be training sessions starting from 2014 as part of the preparation process for ECoC 2017.

–– to highlight the richness of cultural diversity in Europe Historically: Nicosia has experienced in different ways, even under particularly difficult conditions, the wealth of cultural diversity and difference, taking into account that Cyprus was the trophy of many a conqueror. This can be felt through the multifaceted architectural presence in the city. This experience enables Nicosia to locate, value and highlight every kind of cultural diversity in Europe and to integrate it in the local particularities of place. This diversity is multi-layered and is already represented by a number of bodies and NGOs (immigrants, minorities, disabled people, LGBTI, gender

Panagiotis Mina, thoro imagezine (thoraw.wordpress.com)

I. Basic Principles .36

equality etc), through which an essential network of collaboration has been developed, so as to ensure the manifestation of action in this direction, free of political intervention. This diversity will be highlighted through co-productions with European partners, mobile/nomadic projects within Europe and by applying the UNESCO convention on the protection and promotion of diversity of cultural expression. The Nicosia Municipality has played an important and leading role, as early as the 1970s, in the creation of its own cultural infrastructure as well as the development of important cultural institutions, all of which have greatly influenced the cultural cooperation between communities. This culturally active role by the Nicosia Municipality was and continues to be a substantial one and has, in essence, influenced the development of the Nicosia Model. One such example, in regard to the society and architecture, is the Nicosia Master Plan, still considered a leading project in the development of a common future for Nicosia and Cyprus. Since 1979, the Greek and Turkish Communities in Nicosia have agreed that the two sides should co-operate closely for the purpose of preparing a common Master Plan for the proper, unified development of the city. The development objective of the subsequently agreed Project document focused on the improvement of the existing and future habitat and human settlement conditions of all the inhabitants of the city. For this project, technical assistance was requested and obtained from the United Nations Development Programme UNDP. The bi-communal multidisciplinary team of national and international experts was formed in 1981 in order to handle the difficult task of preparing a joint Master Plan and securing the harmonious development of Nicosia. This team consisted of town planners, architects, civil engineers, sociologist, economists, and experts in traffic and transportation, conservation, landscape, urban finance and other technical staff from both sides. The formation of this bicommunal team was one of the first attempts at technical co-operation between the two communities. The two parts of the Nicosia Master Plan team had regular meetings under the coordination of the UNDP. A Strategy For The Divided City The unusual circumstances prevailing in Cyprus, and particularly in Nicosia as a divided city, have made the task of the technical planning team working on the project, not only difficult but also different from the normal planning process and methodology, with which planners are generally familiar. The Nicosia Master Plan team confronted this challenge in two phases over a five-year period.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;What we consider

a result is, in truth, a beginning.

â&#x20AC;?

- Ralph Waldo Emerson

The projects deal with: a. the restoration of architectural heritage, b. the rehabilitation of neglected areas as well as the Buffer Zone, c. the housing revitalization of the old city by providing grants and other incentives for the restoration, acquisition of vacant traditional houses for rehabilitation, and construction of new houses, d. the improvement of green open spaces, e. the improvement of traffic and parking conditions and f. the enhancement of pedestrian facilities. Nicosia 2017

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Furthermore, in terms of social development and collaboration, the Nicosia Municipality has a number of centres for specific target groups, such as immigrants, children and the elderly (see question 1). The most recent example is that of “Home for Cooperation” (H4C), a living proof of the Nicosia Model. H4C was founded in 2011 and is located in the Nicosia Buffer Zone, controlled by the United Nations. The H4C functions as a shared space to further strengthen bi-communal cooperation and dialogue, hosting a library and archive, conference and exhibition spaces, and offices. The Home for Cooperation (H4C) • Helps to give the ‘dead zone’ a new purpose and role, and transform it from a symbol of separation to a symbol of cooperation. • Ensures the shared cultural heritage is conserved and enables educators, historians, researchers, activists and other agents of change to apply and develop their knowledge through programmes on education and training, research and dialogue. • Contributes to the advancement of critical thinking by providing opportunities for NGOs and individuals to design and implement innovative projects, which will help lay the foundations for empowering civil society and building lasting relationships island-wide. • Encourages all Cypriots to demonstrate the benefits of cooperation across the existing divide.

Green Line, Press and Information Office, two pictures above

“We will emphasize and stimulate the approach of discovering (as a treasure-hunt game) diversity within your neighbourhood, within your city, within your country, within Europe, and within your neighbouring countries.” Position expressed by the people of Nicosia during the workshops for ECoC 2017

–– to bring the common aspects of European cultures to the fore? Cyprus became a member of the European family in 2004. Since then, through different European networks and programmes, Cypriots have developed collaboration at different levels, identifying common cultural elements that strengthen the European Identity, based on common denominators and values. The common aspects of European cultures are definitely multi-layered. European cultures could be better described as a series of overlapping cultures, creating innovative common cultural and social approaches. This exact reality will be brought to the fore by sharing “glocal” (global and local) particularities geared towards the future. I. Basic Principles .38

Emphasis will be given to Nordic countries, where traditionally Cyprus did not have the opportunity to develop substantial cultural relationships and bonds. Nicosia (South-East of Europe) desires to be co-capital with a city in Denmark (Nordic Region) where, although both countries are culturally rich, they are now given a unique opportunity to build on the differences and the special particularities of each country. Through exchange of visits with the candidate cities of Denmark, common elements and concerns have been identified, through which the different pillars of cooperation have been defined on a cultural, social, environmental and entrepreneurship level. Also, the collaboration of Nicosia with the previous ECoCs brings valuable information for the better implementation of the programme, making common aspects of European cultures come to the fore. The discovery and recognition of new and unexpected common cultural or social elements, increases the level of tolerance among diverse behaviours.

Can you specify how this event could help to strengthen the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s links with Europe? There are many ways through which the Programme could contribute towards strengthening the ties of Nicosia with Europe. Some are direct, whereas some others are more indirect and long-term: 1. Development of joint projects with European countries sharing common denominators and interests in order to establish opportunities for closer cooperation in other fields as well, and for the setting of common goals. These projects will be institutional and long-term so as to ensure maintenance of solid relationships throughout the years. 2. Development of projects that will involve participation of other countries, in their territory, so as to create a relationship based on reciprocity and exchange of experiences. This will also bring the Nicosians closer to the culture of the other Europeans, in their own countries. 3. Establishment of a project as an institutional activity that would become a fixed part of the Programme, to be implemented by all European Capitals of Culture. Each ECoC could certainly add its own mark and cultural elements. This would ensure ongoing cooperation and contact of all ECoC, even if their term belongs to the past. Also, it would give an element of continuity to the relationships, strengthen cultural ties and enhance the feeling of common European citizenship. The major parameters that would determine if an idea for an event could be incorporated in the programme are: a. The potential to become institutional b. The potential to have an international appeal. The reason that these two parameters are viewed as having primary importance is because they can safeguard the strengthening of ties among the European cities, not only in the present but in the long run as well. Challenging creativity, imagination, ingenuity, critical thought, to highlight talents and cultivate the elements that make humans more valuable.

Nicosia 2017

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9. Explain how the event could meet the criteria listed below. Please substantiate your answer for each of the criteria (this question must be answered in greater detail at the final selection stage).

As regards “City and Citizens”, how does the city intend to ensure that the programme for the event: a. attracts the interest of the population at European level; b. encourages the participation of artists, stakeholders in the sociocultural scene and the inhabitants of the city, its surroundings and the area involved in the programme, c. is sustainable and an integral part of the long-term cultural and social development of the city? (a) European Interest In order to be in a position to attract the attention of the wider European population it is vital to create awareness for the existence of the vision, the Programme, the venue country and the Programme context. Once awareness is safeguarded and the message recipients receive the general information in an appealing manner, it will be important to promote the context and philosophy of the Programme (Events, etc) in a stimulating, desire-generating, action-inducing manner. To this effect, emphasis will be given so as to: • Create awareness for the Programme through targeted communication that will be tailored for each European country and in accordance with the profile of the selected targeted audiences. • Penetrate the targeted audiences through a clear communication message (in order to be informative, not excessive, attractive and of visible and invisible power, the venue “and the wider region” and the whole island of Cyprus as an additional attraction pole should be used) • Motivate the targeted audiences to participate through the context of the Programme: Ensure that all actions and activities (activities programme) comprising the Programme are well chosen, planned and clearly targeted, so as to attract international interest

Nicosia Municipality Archive

• Facilitate action-taking by providing all the information for participation I. Basic Principles .40

All communication will be done through the use of the conventional communication tools (Advertising, Media Publicity, etc., both traditional and “e”) and through the creation of interactive communication vehicles that will be at once creative and penetrating, stimulating and motivating. Furthermore, there will be activation of existing networks such as: • the local cultural producers of international repute and Cultural Attachés of the Cyprus Embassies, to be “appointed” as travelling ambassadors of Nicosia •

use of cultural e-networks

• use of the local Embassies in Cyprus as message multipliers • development of events of high cultural interest in European cities in order to attract attention and give a “taste” of the Programme etc.

“Setting goals is the first step in turning the invisible into the visible.

”

- Tony Robbins

The citizens of Nicosia and the participating Municipalities will also be targeted as message multipliers and “sales promoters of the Programme” through their personal relationships, international contacts, volunteering, etc.

(b) Participation of the local cultural producers The participation of local cultural producers is of high importance. To this effect, all efforts will be made to create awareness as soon as Nicosia wins the honorary, important nomination of the European Capital of Culture. This will be done, first and foremost, through open calls, competitions, participation in cultural programmes of different organizations and by offering space, freedom of action and responsibility to cultural producers (a good example is the space given by the Municipality to the Professional Artists Association with the responsibility to keep it active and interactive). Awareness can also be created with general and specific messages addressing the local cultural producers’ community; to reach out to the cultural producers - through Road Shows, live presentations, the publication of a booklet that addresses the advantages of participation, through the involvement of their associations and committees; to use already committed cultural producers as motivators and message conveyors, etc; to work out the logistics of participation, so that all difficulties or participation obstacles would be eliminated well ahead of the Programme commencement (i.e. easy access to information; facilities for travelling to the venues and back, etc); and so forth. The anticipated participation of the whole of society, either as volunteers or as participants, will also be used for the motivation of the cultural producers to participate, by giving participation the form of social contribution and social presence.

Varnavas Varnava

(c) Sustainability It is of essence to establish that all events will have the possibility of becoming partially or fully financially self - sustained. This is also the only way to establish the institutional potential of the events and their long-term life. Nicosia 2017

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The fact that the activities will be incorporated in the long-term Cultural Plans of the Municipalities involved, provides a safeguard for the establishment of the Programme as one of the official elements or tools in the Cultural policy of the city and the region. The ongoing participation of the civil society will also become a motivation to keep the programme going. The outcome of each activity will be publicized in a way as to convey messages of value, vitality and importance. The most powerful reason for the Programmeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sustainability and incorporation in the cultural and social life of the City is the fact that its impact, as the driving force for the Reshaping of the Future, will be felt by the civil society, which will want to invest in the Programme, in the immediate and long run, so as to ensure the continuation of its positive contribution to the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s growth, regeneration and prosperity.

10.â&#x20AC;&#x201A; How does the city plan to get involved in or create synergies with the cultural activities supported by the European Institutions? The Nicosia Municipality, as well as the rest of the municipalities and local communities participating in the proposal, have already developed an advanced network of synergies on the European level. In addition the city of Nicosia is co-founder, vicepresident and partner of the European Office of Cyprus in Brussels and in Nicosia at the University of Cyprus. Through these networks and mechanisms the city of Nicosia is able to inform and be informed about policy structures and European directions and programmes. In order to capitalize on all the potential offered through the various programmes, it is planned to start workshops/training for funding possibilities and for focusing on activities related to the Nicosia 2017 activities programme. Immediately after nominating Nicosia the ECoC 2017, all mechanisms and synergies will be activated which are necessary to launch these programmes without delay (as from 2012), while at the same time setting the targets culminating in the final ECoC activities programme in 2017. Specific programmes would continue to function and evolve even beyond 2017, contributing to the further development of European synergies. Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre, Antonis Minas

I. Basic Principles .42

11. Are some parts of the programme designed for particular target groups (young people, minorities, etc.)? Specify the relevant parts of the programme planned for the event. Nicosia, by being the capital of Cyprus, has some de-facto unique characteristics that facilitate the targeting of specific target audiences. A detailed plan has been prepared, for submission at the next phase of the selection process. The basis of the plan is the “exploitation” of Nicosia’s advantages in many respects, in order to define target audiences1. The programme is designed to address a broad spectrum of the society. It generally addresses: • Children, which have many roles in the programme, one of them being to function as idea-generators. Formal and non-formal education ensures sustainability of the programme also in terms of a future growing audience. • Students and young people, bearing in mind that Nicosia and the wider region is inhabited by over 50% of the islands’ population and the biggest number of University and College students, estimated at 20.000, live here (5 out of 7 Universities and 25 out of 34 Colleges are located in Nicosia and the wider region). The Erasmus programme gives an extra added value to the programme and event. This target group provides additional volunteers and further interaction with the programme. • The third age, providing the possibility to volunteer, to capitalize on this dynamic and offering a programme for them. Europe is becoming more and more a continent of older people with equal rights and desire for social inclusion. For this reason special events were designed for this target group. • Disabled people are taken into consideration, with accessibility and opportunities being created for them through the holding of specially designed events, among other things. • Heads of the Communities – religious or political – residing in Nicosia: Targeted through activities that would engage and safeguard their participation (and that of their European counterparts).

Nicosia Municipality Archive

The approach towards the target-groups can be vertical, horizontal or diagonal. The inclusion of diverse audiences and groups in the actions and activities and the planning involved ensures a more collective reshaping of the future. “Places are made by people, their perceptions and their responses to environmental influences. In a way, a place represents a bundle of ideas that have been put together by different groups, usually over many years even centuries. At times these ideas may appear to be in conflict: places look different depending on how old you are, what your cultural background is, your income level and whether you are disabled.” Chris Murray Notes 1. Greek Cypriots, Turkish Cypriots, Maronites, Armenians, Latins, etc, are not considered as distinct target audiences since they are included in the “Communities residing in Nicosia” and are addressed by the whole of the Nicosia Model. Nicosia 2017

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12. What contacts has the city or the body responsible for preparing the event established, or what contacts does it intend to establish, with: –– cultural operators in the city? All official institutions, cultural organizations, independent theatre, artistic and creative groups, individual cultural producers and so forth were mapped, invited for presentations and workshops in groups. A preliminary open call for ideas was opened as to secure the bottom-up approach and to activate these cultural operators. The responses were very encouraging and stimulating. Today a gradual change and improvement towards synergy and collaboration can be seen, which has not yet reached the desired level. It is estimated that within a year a higher level of natural collaboration will be achieved in a broad range of cultural operators.

–– cultural operators based outside the city? Having in mind that for many years collaboration has been established with cultural operators from all over Cyprus, there is no intention of reducing this collaboration which Nicosia is always open to. To the contrary, it will be reenhanced through the production or co-production of events aiming to show the unity of Cyprus as well as of Europe.

–– cultural operators based outside the country? A few examples of the contacts that the body responsible for the event has, are “The Mediterranean Cultural Parliament”, Network of Small European States, Pepinieres artistic residencies in Paris, Centre Pompidou in Paris, Saatchi Gallery in London, Reina Sofia Museum of Contemporary Arts in Madrid, Apollonia in Strasburg, Pistolleto Foundation in Biella Italy, CIANT in Prague, Museum of Contemporary Art in Thessaloniki, Bibliotheque of Alexandria, to name but a few. A full description of all the organizations will be given on the second phase along with the programme.

Press and Information Office

I. Basic Principles .44

13. In what way is the proposed project innovative? “Reshaping the Future” is the next step of the “Nicosia Model” The Nicosia Model aims at empowering “Culture” in order for it to become a driving force for Liberation from the dividing stereotypes and Unification of the Communities, in cities where diversity among the Communities can prevent growth, creativity and prosperity. The novelty of the Programme: 1. Demonstrates a Model that is applicable in most cities of Europe with various Communities of different origin, culture, religion, and beliefs. The Model builds on these diversities through establishing common denominators that are neither frightening nor intellectually suppressive or theoretical to the point where not all echelons of society can be reached. In Nicosia, the common denominator was Culture, in an innovative for Nicosia sense; culture, as a force that Liberates and Unites so as to safeguard peaceful co-existence and prepare the ground for city regeneration, creativity and growth. 2. Opens up Nicosia and the Nicosia Model to other European Member States and builds on the common European Cultural elements. 3. Is based on the richness resulting from the diversity of the cultures of the Communities: A model that builds on diversity.

Stelios Papapetrou, Avant Garde Press

4. The model establishes Nicosia as a geographical and cultural crossroads on a national and international level: –– It brings the local Communities together and leads to coexistence based on mutual understanding, –– It brings the Member States together and then reaches out to the “neighbourhood” of the Middle-East from Larnaca, the Easternmost part of Europe, through events under 6 distinct Pillars that built on the already established common denominators. 5. It builds positively on the differences and “hostilities” of the past, in order to regenerate the city; and projects the image of the divided city that not only survives but also creates by building common denominators among its Communities - denominators that go beyond historic and other differences and become a common link. A “model” that builds on tolerance and the willingness to create out of diversity. 6. Invests in the broader sense of culture, as a way to survive. Culture, as the backbone of a “model” that can become a single-minded method of bringing Communities together. 7. A multilayered “model”, resulting from the need of the city to “bring in tune” the different cultural footmarks left by the successive conquerors, and to heal -somehow- the wounds of a divide that exists to date. A “model” that resulted from the need of the city to develop and establish common denominators among the inhabitants; denominators that are stronger than those created by the conflict and diversity; denominators that can become a source of creativity, development and growth. Nicosia 2017

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8. It is a cultural programme with a concrete scope: The Reshaping of the Future, in a wider sense. Culture is the vehicle; the impact will affect all aspects of life. 9. The activities programme will include an interactive element, urban interventions, stimulating curiosity and creativity in a broader prospective, leaving behind traces related to space, place and time in a cross-disciplinary approach. In this process the audience status will be reversed, turning spectators into actors. 10. The Nicosia Model has been developed on the basis of a bottom - up approach, where the civil society acted intuitively and the Model put the successful elements together; like the pieces of a puzzle, once put together, allow the appearance of a picture not quite known before its completion.

14. If the city in question is awarded the title of Capital of Culture, what would be the medium- and long-term effects of the event from a social, cultural and urban point of view? Do the municipal authorities intend to make a public declaration of intent concerning the period following the year of the event? New Relationships One major effect would be to create new relationships with a more active audience of higher expectations giving in that way incentives for further investments in the cultural industry and raising the creativity level in all pillars mentioned before. For this reason, the intention is to maintain the role of the organization Nicosia 2017 securing the synergy between the partners and, in addition, to share knowledge, networks and results of the programme for the whole island, continuing the role of Nicosia as a centre; a centre with an open mind and heart towards the local and European landscape. This landscape is actually viewed as a “mind-scape”.

Stephanie Polikarpou, Avant Garde Press

Pride and Self-Esteem The Title will bring such pride to Nicosia that it will definitely boost the morale and unite the Communities in an effort to prove worthy of the honour. The boosting of their self-esteem and self-image will definitely liberate even more the Communities of Nicosia from the worries and insecurities caused by the Divide, giving them the confidence to reach out to their European partners and seek common cultural ties and synergies. The financial benefits of the Title, resulting from increased tourism, from the city’s “business” activation to meet the challenge, and from other related actions, will certainly give a boost to the efforts to regenerate the city and Reshape the Future. Coming Together The effort to meet the challenge will definitely bring the Communities of the designated region closer together, forming synergies and a common cause which, with the support of the “Nicosia Model,” will eventually formulate a regional identity and loyalty. I. Basic Principles .46

In a nutshell, the effects will be multiple and of a “snowball” impact. Social 1. Eventual build-up of a common “regional” culture that will affect the Communities’ sense of belongingness, self-esteem, quality of life, financial condition, their sense of stability and security, etc 2. Strengthening of the impact of the 6 pillars on the city and the wider region, e.g. Science: Production of knowledge, Architecture: Redefinition of the city etc 3. Civic multilayered mingling that would lead to a more structured society Cultural 1. Build-up of the institutional events as income generating “products” for the city and the wider region. In addition, they can become an attraction pole for tourism and specialized visitors 2. Establishment of the outcome of the Programme as a cultural product that will become the basis for continuous development. The “Product” will be a blend of cultural elements of Nicosia and of the Europeans who will participate in the effort. The “Product” will have an evolving character and aim at becoming a “Cultural trend setter” on a European level, one that can lead to new cultural dimensions and mould together the cultural needs and tendencies as they are formulated at every given period of time. 3. The Programme will lead to more focused cultural policy of the city that will affect the island with the potential of impacting Europe as well. 4. Multi-level cultural development from bottom up, involving all the Communities of Nicosia, with immediate impact and long term effect Urban From an urban point of view, the effect/impact is expected to be tremendous: 1. Regeneration of areas 2. Giving a new dimension to public space and the way it is used, especially neighbourhoods 3. Aesthetic change in the urban environment, marking a new era based on new experiences 4. Giving value to and creating awareness of local particularities, as well as attracting new audiences/visitors by maintaining a sustainable model. 5. The creation of additional infrastructure for inter-generational use The Municipal Authorities are fully committed to the Programme, not only for the period prior to and during the implementation, but also in the period that follows, in order to ensure sustainability of the high momentum and the continuity of the activities, under an institutional umbrella. To this effect, the Mayor and the Municipal Council will publicise the results of the Programme and announce the commitment for the continuation of the activities. Furthermore, they will establish a yearly “Cultural Capital Day”, when they will hold a Press Conference to announce the status of the activities and of the cooperation with the other European cities; financial feedback on each event will also be provided. Representatives from other European Countries and the European Partners would be invited to attend the press conference for the events. The aim of “Cultural Capital Day” would be to sustain the positive momentum, strengthen the ties of the city with the other European countries and ensure the continuation of the efforts. Nicosia 2017

Kataklysmos celebrations in Larnaca, Varnavas Varnava

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15. How was this application designed and prepared? The City Council of Nicosia Municipality launched a competition following the tender procedures for the preparation and presentation of the proposal for Nicosia as a candidate European Capital of Culture 2017. The ARTos Foundation, a local, non-profit, non-governmental, Cultural and Research Foundation with strong networks at a local and European level was appointed to coordinate the proposal on behalf of and in close collaboration with the city of Nicosia. In addition a selected team of Nicosia Municipality cultural collaborators was appointed as a consulting body. This procedure created an advantage, which secures: • a bottom-up approach throughout all the phases of the preparation, since this organization enjoys the acceptance of society through the region’s artistic, cultural and scientific communities • open dialogue with all cultural actors, institutions, business communities etc • a non-political approach and provided knowledge of • the existing cultural landscape of the region • the history of Nicosia and the wider region • the strong local, regional, European and Euro-Mediterranean networks This proposal is the outcome of collective work on strategy development, combined with the overall strategy targeted for 2020. The strategy was approved by the participating Municipal Councils and it was decided to found an organization under the name “Nicosia 2017” in which all participating Municipalities would be represented, in order to secure the organization, the fundraising, but above all the synergy and sustainability beyond 2017. The European Capital of Europe programme has triggered the regional authorities as well as the citizens, institutions, universities, the business communities, cultural producers, cultural operators and all echelons of the society in general through an open dialogue, to participate and be part of the vision of “Reshaping the future”; a common future where synergies will be the main tool for growth and prosperity.

I. Basic Principles .48

Polis Poliviou, Avant Garde Press

Nicosia 2017

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Part II: Structure of the Programme for the Event

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1. What structure does the city intend to give to the year’s programme if it is designated “European Capital of Culture” (guidelines, general theme of the event)? How long does the programme last? (This question must be answered in greater detail at the final selection stage)

All activities and actions (within the activities programme) will come under the 6 Pillars: Architecture, Arts and Heritage, Economy, Civil Society, Environment, Sciences, and under the theme “Reshaping the Future”. All 6 pillars will serve 3 specific targets that also are in the centre of all activities: Man Nature Society Major consideration for the selection of the actions and activities that will compose the activities programme will be their potential for long term sustainability and their power to become institutions of international appeal, now and tomorrow.

seen as the only route to creativity. Creativity is a complex imaginative force that involves experimentation and originality.

”

- Charles Landry

Sciences

Environment

Civil Society

Economy

Arts and Heritage

Architecture

The three (3) core values, Man, Nature and Society, are introduced so as to secure the relationship of each pillar with each core value respectively (as illustrated in the matrix below). This enables an interdisciplinary blend where the approach can be vertical, horizontal as well as diagonal, mapped in such a way that could add coordinates to the programme as a navigator.

“Arts should not be

Man

Nature

Society

The designed programme is multilayered, stretching from popular culture to high arts and addressing and attracting from small to massive audiences. Elements of the programme will constitute moving projects in different European countries. As a result of the geographical location of Nicosia and the wider region, it is inevitable not to expand to the Middle East region through collaborating and presenting projects included in the Nicosia 2017 activities programme, giving participation opportunities to cultural producers and cultural operators, thus proving that culture is not a territorial issue, but that culture is a state of mind that liberates and unites. I I. Structure of the Programme for the Event .52

The activities programme has a number of aims: • To regenerate areas and neighbourhoods of the participating region, for example the historic core of Nicosia • To re-discover play • To re-define public space • To have a contemporary approach described by high artistic quality • To include new aesthetic proposals • To dare take risks, be they of social, political or artistic nature • To have a balanced local and European dimension • To address and attract different and new audiences • To reverse the role of the audience from spectator to actor • To highlight cultural diversity • To include locations outside Cyprus, in Europe and the Middle East, to further disseminate and promote the Nicosia 2017 activities programme The Nicosia programme starts from 2013 through to 2020. The actual programme for the specific year starts in late 2016 and it will conclude in early 2018. The aim is to have the activities programme events evenly distributed and balanced over the year. As a final note, the schedule of the activities programme will be of a long -term focus since its mission is to Reshape the Future. “There is no inevitable link between widening access and diminishing quality. But there is a link between vibrant, confident, successful communities and access to cultural expression. There is a link between democratic vitality and creative approaches to problem solving. And there is a link between urban renewal and cultural activity.” Charles Landry

Nicosia 2017

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Part IV: City Infrastructure

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1. What are the city’s assets in terms of accessibility (regional, national and international transport)? Nicosia and the wider region have a transportation grid that maximizes accessibility in regional, national and international terms. Its strategic geographical location in the centre of the island interconnects the biggest part of the mountainous part of the regional areas of Nicosia and Larnaca with the urban centres up to the Larnaca coast. Therefore, the strategic location of Nicosia and the wider region provides accessibility to the whole population of the island so as to actively participate in the event. At the same time, the Larnaca International Airport gives direct accessibility to the European and International guests, having in mind that the airport is planned to function as an “active space” in the framework of ECoC. It is worth noting that the mapping of the programme will be designed in such a way as to keep the use of the private motor-vehicles at the minimum level possible. By air: The Larnaca International Airport is the main international gateway of the island (2.516.896 arrivals in 2009 and 2.656.259 arrivals in 2010). Before 1974 the only airport of the island was based in Nicosia (opened in 1947). The airport is now closed as it is situated in the Buffer Zone and its grounds are under the control of the United Nations. Some of its premises are used for major bi-communal negotiations. By sea: The Larnaca Port and Marina (that are to undergo major development, including the expansion of the port, improvement of marina, building of apartment blocks, hotels and other infrastructure) are located 6 km from the Larnaca International Airport, 110 nautical miles from Beirut and Tripoli, 145 nautical miles from Tel-Aviv, 230 nautical miles from PortSaid and 250 nautical miles from Rhodes. Inter-city transportation: Nicosia is easily and quickly accessible from Larnaca (and vice versa), as the distance between them is 40km (on average a 30 minute drive). A shuttle bus service is available to and from the Larnaca International Airport, at regular intervals and low cost. As regards passenger transportation between cities, new public buses run an efficient regular service connecting all major destinations. Nonetheless, Nicosia will create special routes, from and to other cities in order to make the events accessible to a greater number of people. By bus: Within Nicosia one can use the upgraded public transportation, connecting wider Nicosia with the town centre. Distinct yellow buses operated by the Nicosia Municipality offer free transportation in the historic core of the city, within the Venetian walls. On foot and by bicycle: A number of works have been completed in a number of areas in the capital, so as to improve traffic conditions. In the areas of Markou Drakou Avenue, Synergasias (Cooperation) Avenue, Themistokli Dervi and Diagorou Avenue, Ayiou Pavlou and Heroon Avenue the construction of pavements, bicycle lanes and new road equipment have been completed successfully, securing safety for pedestrians, cyclists, as well as disabled people with the addition of ramps and guides for the blind. IV. City Infrastructure .66

“The real voyage of

discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes.

”

- Marcel Proust

Varvavas Varnava

In addition, one of the existing pedestrian paths and bicycle lanes, shy of 9km, links two (2) Municipalities (Lakatamia and Strovolos) and will also be linking with a third Municipality, that of Nicosia, through extension of the pedestrian path and bicycle lane. When completed in March 2012, it will make the Municipality accessible both on foot and by bicycle. The planning and construction of pedestrian paths and cycling lanes is underway in a number of areas across the region, signifying the encouragement of these modes of transportation.

2. What is the city’s absorption capacity in terms of tourist accommodation? The total capacity in terms of tourist accommodation, at the time of writing, in Nicosia is 2.332 beds, and in Larnaca 6.531 beds, bringing Nicosia and the wider region to a total of 8.863 beds. It is known that, since old times houses in Cyprus had a room where guests were received. This room was called “Kalos Ontas” (Good Room) or “Aspastikos Oikos” (Greeting House). This tradition is revived in contemporary terms, taking the form of a cultural hospitality movement with Nicosia and the wider region offering the gift of hospitality (as a means of covering the existing accommodation shortage), in this way attracting additional visitors who wish to taste a more homely hospitality. This initiative is not expected to have an adverse impact on the hotel market; to the contrary, this volunteer service of the Nicosians offering the art of hospitality, would create additional arrivals and mobility of people. Currently, it is estimated that approximately 650 people in Nicosia and the wider region have organically already joined this movement and the number is expected to rise dramatically as we approach the year 2017. This movement reinforces the desired exchange between cultures, which is at the core of this programme, at a personal level. Nicosia 2017

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Total hotels, hotel apartments and tourist/holiday villages

8.863

“Ontas” cultural hospitality movement (estimate in 2011)

650

Total beds

9.513*

Nevertheless, recently Nicosia’s “touristic identity” has been repositioned, focusing on alternative tourism, i.e. conferences, business, culture, health, agriculture etc. Therefore, the ECoC will create a unique opportunity for tourism development on many levels, by giving incentives to the business community to participate in the regeneration of the city through the development of the city’s tourism infrastructure up to 2017. It is worth noting that in 2010, 10 building permits were given for tourist apartments and holiday villages in Nicosia and 3 in Larnaca, as well as an additional 2 building permits for hotels in Nicosia. *Not taking into account the expected increase of participants in “Ontas” cultural hospitality movement

“The creativity that

is available to cities involves not just its permanent residents, but also its visitors, and the creative ways in which visitors and residents interact.

”

- Melanie K. Smith

3. What projects are to be carried out between now and the year for which the city is applying for the title of European Capital of Culture in terms of urban and tourism infrastructure, including renovation? What is the planned timetable for this work? (The answer to this question is optional at the pre-selection stage).

A selection of the projects to be carried out between now and the year for which Nicosia is applying for the title of European Capital of Culture follows: Eleftheria Square Zaha Hadid is the architect who won the international architectural competition and designed the new Eleftheria Square. Eleftheria means freedom. The aim of this project is the creation of an attractive point of reference and social gathering point in the capital, an attraction pole for

Nicosia Municipality Archive

ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTS

Landscape Report 15.April.2011 1187_ELEFTHERIA SQUARE REDESIGN

IV. City Infrastructure .68

residents and visitors, a place where history meets the contemporary face of the city. The new square will play a major role in the programme as it is designed to accommodate open air cultural activities. As it is connecting the old, within the walls, city with the new city centre it will act as the main meeting point of the people. The new square with its welcoming and ecological design and its references to the history of the Venetian Walls -Emblem of the City- will be the spatial landmark of the Nicosia Model that liberates and unites and aims at reshaping the future. It is estimated that this project will be completed by December 2013. New Town Hall in old Nicosia (within the Venetian Walls) The new Nicosia Town Hall is an open and welcoming building, contemporary and functional with emphasis on contemporary energy design, characterized by its sensitive integration in the surrounding space and its harmonic coexistence with the archaeological findings on the premises. The showcasing of the archaeological finds is central to the project and is accomplished for the first time in the old city to such an extent. To be completed in September 2013.

Nicosia Municipality Archive

Creation of pedestrian paths and cycling lanes at Pediaios River Pediaios River and Athalassa park are the most important “green lungs” of the city. They are an invaluable ecological treasure for the whole of Nicosia. The need to develop the Pediaios River combining the protection of the natural environment has been realized. Among other things, the project aims at the use of the riverbed with the construction of a walking path and a space for sports and recreation in green spaces and the protection, conservation and showcasing of one of the largest “green lungs” in Nicosia. With this project a path for pedestrians and cyclists will be constructed, complete with wooden bridges connecting the two sides of the city, the creation of easily accessible points from the streets to the river and vice versa, to name but a few. To be completed in March 2012 The Nicosia Municipal Theatre This is an innovative Municipal approach, which connects theatre and contemporary art. Housed in a complex of old workshops in the walled city, adjacent to the Green Line and a few meters from the new Town Hall and the Municipal Arts Centre, the theatre is focused on experimentation and research with a social mission. The theatre which will be completed in 2012 will offer Nicosians and the many immigrants who live in the vicinity, the chance to participate in experimental and educational theatrical activities. Nicosia 2017

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Cyprus Cultural Centre The Cyprus Cultural Centre will be a national venue for the performing arts, having a transformational impact upon cultural life in Nicosia, in Cyprus and within the wider multinational context of the European Union and beyond. The main purpose of this project is to establish a centre for the performing arts – symphonic and chamber music, dance, opera and musical theatre, scaled to the needs of a growing and increasingly discerning regional audience and to the growing market for cultural tourism. In addition to its primary role, the building will become a centre for the arts and education in a more general sense, and a focal point for the development of the cultural life of the island, thus serving a wider social purpose. In line with this, the use of the building by the public will be encouraged, not only when there are performances in the main auditorium but also in the evenings when it is not in use, as well as at other times of day. The Cyprus Cultural Centre will be opened by 2017. THOC (Cyprus Theatre Organisation) The new building aspires to give new life to the theatre activities of the island. In addition to the two state-of-the-art stages, it will include offices, an exhibition area, a foyer, a bookshop, a restaurant and a cafeteria. The building will be constructed along modern specifications and will provide all necessary facilities for people with disabilities. The new THOC building will be completed in early 2012.

THOC (Cyprus Theatre Organisation), from archive

Cyprus Museum The new archaeological museum is expected to be completed by 2017. The A.G. Leventis Art Gallery and Tower The new building designed by Felden, Clegg and Bradley Studios, who won an international competition, will host the A.G. Leventis Foundation Collection of European Paintings (16th century – 20th Century) including some important works by Impressionists and French and Dutch Old Masters. The Gallery will also host the Collection of Greek and Cypriot Artists (18th – 20th century). This unique Gallery will be a leading institution on the island of Cyprus in order to increase understanding of the history of European Art. The project will be completed in 2013. Tower 25 Tower 25 was designed by world-famous architect Jean Nouvel. It will be a major addition to Nicosia’s landmarks due to the combination of its original design and its location. The ground floor and mezzanine areas of the IV. City Infrastructure .70

building are to be retail spaces and restaurants. The six floors above will be offices, with views of the city in all directions. The top eleven floors will be 9 luxurious apartments overlooking the capital. Construction commenced in late 2010 and it is estimated that it will be finished by the beginning of 2013, ranking as the tallest building in Nicosia. Old GSP Stadium The area of the old GSP Stadium will be regenerated with the creation of squares, cafeterias, space for events and other communal spaces, making it a reference point of Nicosia. It is expected that the works will be completed by 2017. McKenzie Sports Complex Larnaca Municipality is developing a sports complex in the area of McKenzie that would provide an attractive and convenient place for training sessions and matches for teams/athletes, both local and from abroad. The facilities will include a football and track field, three football pitches, 10 tennis courts, a café and changing rooms with showers and toilets. Green spaces will add to the aesthetics of the complex. The project will be completed in 2015. Larnaca Marina and Port The project includes the expansion and upgrading of the port and marina, and the restructuring of the seafront. The marina will have a capacity of a thousand vessels, while the port will be the island’s main passenger port with an international-class passenger lounge. According to the plans, the new marina will include a yacht club and host a business centre, a hall for events and a roof-garden restaurant. The seafront will feature mainly low buildings, while the taller ones will blend in with the character of the town and serve as a reference point, using the latest technology and low energy consumption. Phase A of the marina will be completed in 2015.

Larnaca Municipality Archive

Alethrico Tennis & Sports Centre The new sports village in Alethriko will help develop the island’s athletes as well as attracting international ones. Its focal point will be a 5000-seater professional tennis court – as approved by the International Tennis Federation for world-class tennis tournaments like the ATP 500 and the WTA. There will also be a tennis academy and facilities for hockey, basketball, mini football, volleyball, boxing, Olympic standard gymnastics, ice-skating and other international sporting events. To be completed in 2014. Nicosia 2017

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Olympic Standard Shooting Range A modern Olympic standard shooting range will be created in the village of Klavdia. The range will boast four combined Olympic trap-skeet-double trap, one separate skeet, one separate trap-double trap layout and 10-12 layouts for sporting and kompak shooting. It will host major shooting competitions in both Olympic and non-Olympic shotgun events, and will also be used as a major European training centre for shotgun shooting. To be completed in 2011. Removal of Oil Refineries and Area Regeneration The road leading from Larnaca city centre to the tourist region of the Larnaca- Dekeleia Road will undergo regeneration with the removal of the oil refineries and new area upgrades. The area will be developed for touristic and recreational use and with the removal of the refineries there will also be an additional 3km of beach for use. Larnaca-Dekeleia Road is lined with hotels, holiday apartments, restaurants, pubs and other leisure facilities. To be completed in 2014. Completion of the Larnaca-Dekeleia Road Phases C and D of roadworks along the Larnaca-Dekeliea Road will see the roads in the areas of Oroklini and Pyla completed. The road will be modernized with the creation of walkways, cycle paths and green spaces. Combined with the removal of the oil refineries and the area regeneration, the project when completed will make this popular tourist area even more attractive for locals and visitors alike. To be completed in 2014. Excavations at the Ancient Port of Kition The ancient port of Kition is one of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s major surviving ancient ports, but a major part of this archaeological site is currently obstructed by the Larnaca Tennis Associationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tennis courts. The tennis courts will be relocated so that further excavations can commence and the site will become an archaeological park along with the Archaeological Museum and the archaeological area of Kition where numerous ancient artifacts have already been unearthed. To be completed in 2013. Pedestrian Walkway Joining Pyla and Oroklini The tourist areas of Pyla and Oroklini are to be seamlessly joined by a single 5.5km seafront walkway for pedestrians to enjoy a scenic stroll right alongside the sea. The current walkway of Oroklini (which is at the moment 850m long) will be expanded to 1km by 2012 and to 1.5km by 2013 and will span the distance from Mer Bleu to the Larnaca Municipality city limits. To be completed in 2013. Lefkara Conference Centre Lefkara village will have a new addition to its picturesque square with the creation of a conference centre that will be built in the traditional architectural style of the village. The centre will serve as a multi-purpose venue with a capacity for 300 people. The village is already famous for its traditional lace embroidery and silver art and provides an idyllic setting for a conference centre with a difference. To be completed in 2012. Oroklini Open-air Amphitheatre A traditional open-air amphitheatre will be built at the heart of Oroklini hosting all types of events and entertainment. Built at the foot of the IV. City Infrastructure .72

mountain, the theatre will seat 1100 spectators who will be surrounded by the natural beauty of sea and mountain views that embrace the village whilst enjoying the various productions staged. To be completed in 2014.

Larnaca Municipality Archive

Renovation of Piale Pashia The coastal road of Piale Pashia (from the Medieval Castle towards the beach area of McKenzie), will be upgraded to become more pedestrian-friendly and attractive. The improved road will include a cycling lane, a pedestrian walkway, new lighting and a green area with fragrant plants. An extra pedestrian walkway on a lower level will allow walkers to enjoy a stroll right alongside the beautiful blue Mediterranean. This project will be completed in 2013. Environmental Centre at the Salt Lake Larnaca Salt Lake (included in the Natura 2000 network and the Treaty of Ramsar), is popular with nature lovers thanks to the migrating flamingos that make the lake their home between November and March. The new information centre will provide visitors with information on the different types of flora and fauna that live in the salt marshes and wetlands, and will help to preserve the importance of this natural treasure. To be completed in 2013. Skarinou Environmental Education Centre The Environmental Educational Centre – based in the hillside village of Skarinou – will educate and inform visitors about Larnaca district’s mountainous villages and their natural beauty of forests, flora and fauna. It will also promote visits to these areas and ensure their protection by making people aware of their significance and how to respect them. Skarinou village is a popular agro-tourism destination favoured for its picturesque and peaceful qualities. To be completed in 2013.

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Cultural characteristics (Indicative list) Museums • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Aglantzia Municipal Museum of Natural History Archaeological Museum, Larnaca District Archbishop’s Palace and Makarios III Cultural Foundation Bank of Cyprus Historic Archive Byzantine Heritage Museum (Palaichori) Byzantine Museum Cyprus Archaeological Museum Cyprus Classic Motorcycle Museum Cyprus Handicraft Centre Nicosia Cyprus Jewelers Museum Cyprus Police Museum Cyprus Postal Museum Ecclesiastical Museum of St. Lazarus, Larnaca Ethnographic Museum of Cyprus Fatsa Wax Museum, Larnaca Fikardou Rural Museum Received Europa Nostra Award in 1987 Leventis Municipal Museum, photo from archive Folk Art Museum Folklore Museum Aradippou “Kostas Kaimakliotis” Garden Kamara Museum in Kato Drys House of Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios Received Europa Nostra Award in 1988 Larnaca City Museum and Archives Lefkara Traditional Museum of Embroidery and Silversmithing (Patsalos residence), Larnaca UNESCO includes Lefkara Lace on its Intangible World Heritage List Leventis Municipal Museum European Museum of the Year and Europa Nostra Award, both in 1991 Local Museum of Ancient Idalion Medieval Castle Museum, Larnaca Municipal Art Gallery, Lakatamia Municipal Art Gallery, Larnaca Municipal Museum of Natural History, Larnaca Municipal Silversmithing Museum Museum of Palaeontology, Larnaca Museum of the George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides Collection Museum of the History of Cypriot Coinage Museum of the Pancyprian Gymnasium National Struggle Museum Natural History Museum Pedoulas Byzantine Museum Pierides - Marfin Laiki Bank Museum, Larnaca Proto - Industrial Museum Rota Children Museum Rural Museum of Kato Drys Shacolas Tower Museum & Observatory State Gallery of Contemporary Art Theasis Museum (Cultural House of Wisdom and Art)

Theatres • Aigaia • Agios Andreas Market Theatre • Agios Dometios Byzantine Church Amphitheatre IV. City Infrastructure .74

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Aglantzia Municipal Amphitheatre “Skali” Archbishop Makarios III Amphitheatre (School for the Blind) European University Amphitheatre Lakatamia Municipal Theatre Latsia Municipal Amphitheatre “Melina Mercouri” Medieval Fort Open-Air Theatre, Larnaca Municipal Theatre, Library & Gardens, Larnaca Open Theatre Pallas Theatre Pattichio Open Amphitheatre and Park, Larnaca Pattichio Theatre Skala, Larnaca Strovolos Municipal Theatre Theatre Anemona Theatre Antidote, Larnaca Theatre ENA Theatre Dionysos Theatre Skala THOC New Stage University of Nicosia Amphitheatre Vladimiros Kafkarides - Satiriko Theatre

Cultural Centres / Multifunctional Spaces • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Agioi Omologites Cultural Workshop Armenian Cultural Foundation, Larnaca ARTE Music Academy Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre, photo from archive ARTos Cultural Foundation Axiothea - University of Cyprus Cultural Centre Bank of Cyprus Cultural Centre British Council Cultural Centre at the traditional nucleus of Agios Dometios Famagusta Gate Received Europa Nostra Award in 1984 French Cultural Centre Foundation of Cultural Creativity - St. Lazarus Warehouses, Larnaca Goethe Institute (located next to the Green Line, between the Cypriot Checkpoint and the United Nations) House of Arts & Letters, Larnaca House of Arts & Letters, Nicosia Idalion Municipal Cultural Centre Kastelliotissa Hall Marfin Laiki Bank Cultural Centre Melina Mercouri Hall Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre Received Europa Nostra Award in 1994 Pharos Arts Foundation - The Shoe Factory Vladimiros Kafkarides Cultural Centre

Libraries • • • • • • • • • • •

Achilleios Library Agios Dometios Municipal Library Aglantzia Municipal Library Archaeological Research Unit Library Archbishop Makarios III Foundation Cultural Centre Library CAARI (Cyprus American Archaeological Research Institute) Library Cyprus Library Cyprus Museum Library Cyprus Organization for standardization Library Cyprus Productivity Centre Library Cyprus Research Centre Library

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Engomi Municipal Library European Institute Library European University Library Frederick University Library French Cultural Centre Library Idalion Municipal Library Lakatamia Municipal Library Larnaca Municipal Library Latsia Municipal Library Ministry of Commerce, Industry & Tourism Library Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre Library Open University Library Press and Information Office Library Russian Cultural Centre Library Severios Library Strovolos Municipal Library University of Cyprus Library University of Nicosia Library

Other places of interest • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Acropolis Park & Caves Ancient Kition & Port Athalassa Park Choirokitia Neolithic Settlement UNESCO World Heritage (1998) Cyprus College of Art - Stass Paraskos - Larnaca campus “Eleftheria - Tassos Papadopoulos” Stadium Grammiko Park - Pediaios River (park, pedestrian path and cycling lane) “Green Line” GSP Stadium Hala Sultan Mosque, by the Salt Lake in Larnaca House of artists Achilleas Kentonis and Maria Papacharalambous, Nicosia Received Europa Nostra Award in 1997 Idalion medieval churches Idalion restored watermill Kkioroglou Traditional House, Nicosia “Lefkotheo” Stadium Kakkaristra Canyon Kalavasos - Tenta Neolithic Settlement Kamares, the Old Aqueduct of Larnaca Kimon Square and Seafront Stage Kition Observatory Larnaca Medieval Castle Larnaca Nautical Club Larnaca Salt Lake Lions Nicosia within the Walls Received Europa Nostra Award in 2002 Makario Stadium Mazotos Camel Park Metochion Kykkou (gardens of the Kykkos Monastery) Nicosia Aqueduct Nicosia Race Club (horse racing) Omerye Ottoman Baths, Nicosia Received Europa Nostra Award in 2006 Piale Pashia Street and Psarolimano, Larnaca Restored Colonial Warehouses at Europe Square, Larnaca Received Europa Nostra Award in 1996 Sculpture Park Petreon, Larnaca State Fair

Diving at Zenobia shipwreck, Saro Nadjarian

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• • • • • • • •

Stavrovouni Monastery Studies Centre of the Kykkos Monastery Tamassos City Kingdom Traditional City Quarter (Laiki Yeitonia), Larnaca Traditional City Quarter (Laiki Yeitonia), Nicosia Venetian Network of Watchtowers Venetian Walls, Nicosia Zenobia shipwreck (one of the top 10 wreck dive sites worldwide)

Festivals Nicosia and the wider region enjoy a broad selection of festivals addressing different interests, as well as tastes: The Ice-Cream Festival, the Septemberfest Nicosia Beer Fun Festival, the Pantheon Urban Soul Festival, the Nicosia Documentary Festival, the ARTos X-Dream Festival, Contemporary Music Festival, Brazilian Film Festival, German Film Festival, Francophonie Film Festival, Flying Away Art Festival, The Images and Views of Alternative Cinema Festival, the International Muppet and Mime Festival of Cyprus by the Latsia Municipality, Mediterranean Festival of Traditional Dance, International Children’s Film Festival, Jazz Festival by the Aglantzia Municipality, Summer Nights Festival by the Nicosia Municipality, Cyprus International Film Festival, International Nicosia Poetry Festival, the Cyprus Science Festival by the University of Nicosia, Speak for Peace Festival, Rainbow Festival, Ledra Music Soloist International Festival, Larnaca Festival of Classical Music, Larnaca Amateurs Artistic Creation Festival and so forth. In addition to the above named festivals, a number of events in dance (classical, contemporary, dance theatre, contact improvisation, hip hop, etc), music (classical, opera, rock, jazz, experimental, electronic, reggae, traditional, rempetika, metal, etc), theatre (experimental, contemporary, black theatre, ancient Greek, theatre of the absurd, etc), film (classic, experimental, alternative, short film etc), sciences (research, kids science, innovation, renewable energy, etc) have become institutionalized and take place throughout the year. Other things to try Gastronomy Based on the healthy Mediterranean food the Gastronomy available in the Nicosia region offers some unique fusion characteristics from the greater region and the neighboring countries. This exotic experience offers the local/ guest/visitor an amazing experience blending history, senses, aesthetics, discovery and experimentation. It is a never ending story which is at its best when shared with company. It is important to mention that it has been scientifically proven that smell and taste are the senses directly related with deep memory. In addition, international cuisine is widely available at luxury as well as casual level in Nicosia and the region, thus offering the gift of plurality in taste and smell. Sports Nicosia and the wider region offers a broad variety of sport options, even for those feeling adventurous: fencing, tennis, horse-back riding, kite-surfing, paint-ball, acro-yoga, cycling, running, swimming, sky-diving, diving, shooting, football, basketball, beach-volley, archery, martial arts, skating, rock-climbing etc and other Olympic sports.

Larnaca Municipality Archive

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Part V: Communication Strategy

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1. What is the city’s intended communication strategy for the European Capital of Culture event?

(This question must be answered in greater detail at the final selection stage, in particular with regard to the media strategy and the mobilisation of the public and the inhabitants. At the final selection stage, consideration must be given in particular to the partnerships planned or established with the written press and the audiovisual sector with a view to ensuring media coverage of the event and of the plans relating to this strategy). The Communication Strategy has set as targets the creation of; Awareness Audience Penetration Audience Motivation Action Facilitation To achieve efficiencies of scale and public penetration, the strategic message will be single-minded and “generic” for the project. Adjustments and adaptations, by Country and by target audiences, will be done only to the point where it is necessary, due to the idiosyncrasies of the countries or the perceptual behaviour of the target audiences. The Communication Strategy consists of two tiers: The “Corporate” part, which will address the wider population of Nicosia, the island as a whole, Europe and the neighbouring countries for Awareness Generation; and the “Event Promotion” tier which will be more targeted. The “Corporate” tier will be the start of the Communication effort, followed by the “Event Promotion” tier, closer to the year of the programme. The implementation of the Strategy will be done through the application of a Promotion Mix Formula that will address both the local and international audiences – as a whole and by target audiences. All messages and actions will be tailor-made to reflect the different perceptions and understandings of the different target audiences and the idiosyncrasies of the different countries. The Promotion Mix Formula will derive from the utilization of combined Promotion Mix Tools, such as: • Advertising • Media Relations, for the generation of free publicity and “cloud,” and the establishment of a FJT (Friendly Journalist Team) that will become the “Media Ambassadors of Nicosia” • e-techniques • Promotional techniques • Direct Marketing • Direct Promotion Techniques. The weight of each parameter will be determined by the realities of each targeted country. V. Communication Strategy .80

At the second phase of the Evaluation Process, a detailed Promotion Mix Plan will be presented, enlisting all Promotion Mix Tools, and all vehicles and techniques to be used under each tool, by country and by target audiences. The Promotion Mix Plan will be multilevelled, targeting both the endcivilian and the corporate world - state authorities - Municipal authorities, as multipliers, channels for dissemination of information and financial contributors and supporters. The first steps towards awareness have already been taken. Firstly: Presentations and workshops were held to inform about Nicosia’s candidacy and the opportunities of involvement for anyone interested. In addition: The Nicosia 2017 logo is the result of the first open call related to Nicosia’s candidacy as ECoC 2017. Furthermore, an open call for ideas for projects within the framework of ECoC 2017 was widely embraced with projects of a vast nature proposed. Nicosia’s candidacy has also an online presence with its official website, a facebook page, as well as a flickr profile and group, where members have shared their pictures of Nicosia and the wider region. Through the flickr profile and page, a number of people have voluntarily contributed photographic material for Nicosia’s proposal. Last but not least: The most visible and tangible example is the new House of Nicosia 2017 offices, a renovated traditional Nicosia mansion within the walled city very near the Town Hall and Eleftheria Square, which was inaugurated in October 2011.

2. What proportion of the budget is earmarked for communication? Communication is of essence. Without “spreading the news”, nobody will know in order to become part of the Programme, each in their different capacities and roles. To this effect, a 20% of the Product Budget has been allocated for Communication. The impact of this spending is expected to be multiple, since the proposed Promotion Mix Formula spending will combine a number of promotional tools in a way as to maximize the results per every unit spent.

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Part VI: Evaluation and Monitoring of the Event

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1. Does the city intend to set up a special monitoring and evaluation system: –– for the impact of the programme and its knock-on effects? Being fully committed to the long term impact of the programme, it is of essence to monitor all its different components, so as to be in a position to take timely corrective action where and if necessary, as well as to evaluate the results with a view to ensuring the maximization of the benefits in the long run and for all participants. The effective and efficient progress monitoring and result evaluation will be monitored through 3 specific processes that will be put in place prior to the commencement of the programme: 1. Quality Control and Monitoring Monitoring of the quality standards of the actions, which make up the Programme schedule of activities, while the schedule is in the planning stage, during its execution and upon completion, by the “Quality Monitoring Committee” consisting of academics, experts and representatives of the Ministry of Education and Culture. The results will be both qualitative and quantitative and will be published electronically. 2. Independence and Professionalism Establishment of a “Monitoring and Regulations Committee”, or a “Standards Monitoring Board”. Emphasis will be given to governance, sustainability and benchmarking. Members of the Committee can be the Managing Director of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Cyprus, the Accountant General of the Republic of Cyprus, the Auditor General of the Republic of Cyprus and the President of the Public Oversight Board.

–– for financial management? Logistics Establishment of a detailed database on culture, tourism, the economy, civic contributions; evaluation of the effect of the actions, using indicators that will reveal information, such as the event’s impact on economic knock-on effects, impact on generating awareness for Cyprus, social ties, etc. The database will function within the structure that will be put in place in order to run the Programme.

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Michalis Kyprianou

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Part VII: Additional Information

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1. What, in your opinion, are the strong points of the city’s application and the parameters of its success as European Capital of Culture and what, on the other hand, are its weak points? Strengths and Competitive Advantages 1. Geographical Location: At the centre of the island -the Epicentre- of all major national and international activities. 2. Cultural Infrastructure: Nicosia has the richest cultural infrastructure in the island. A great number of them are important institutions managed by Nicosia Municipality. All of them have won international awards. (Famagusta Gate/ Leventis Municipal Museum/ Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre / Municipal Theatre etc). 3. Cultural achievements: The development of projects of high cultural value and international repute. 4. A Nexus of cooperation: Good and sustainable cooperation between the various local authorities and the private sector. 5. Status: A European capital; in spite of its present division, the city is dynamic and progressive. 6. Human Resources: Highly experienced, due to the fact that H/Q and administration of almost all cultural centres are located in Nicosia. 7. Educational and Research Centres: –– The seat of almost all major Universities –– The seat of the major research / medical / science/ centres –– The seat of all foreign cultural centres. 8. Museums: –– The highest number of Museums located in Nicosia and the wider region. –– The major- national / private Museums are located in Nicosia and the wider region. 9. Transportation: The presence of the international airport in the region, with Nicosia being the closest city to it, thus good transportation network connecting the regions. 10. Old Nicosia: The old city is extremely compact and blends eastern and western style, mixed social classes, urban cultural activities. A small place (walking distance) in which somebody can experience anything, from contemporary aesthetics and ideas to religion, plurality in gastronomy, old living traditions etc. 11. The strongest networks in communication, research institutions, cultural organizations, gender studies in Cyprus. The Nicosia based University of Cyprus holds since 2008 the UNESCO Seat for Gender Studies. 12. Ability to act within the four established philosophical elements that give momentum to the city, which are critical thinking, creative thinking, caring thinking and complex thinking. 13. Its ancient and contemporary treasures and their sharing. 14. Its vision and its significant value for all of us. VI I. Additional Information .88

Handicaps and Weaknesses As a result of the international economic crisis Nicosia has been deprived of major income and had to reduce part of the development projects. These projects are not included in this proposal. The major problem that Nicosia faces since 1963 is the city’s division, which reflects into the mentality of its citizens. Nicosia, being the last divided capital of Europe, is marked by a plethora of dead-end streets and passages blocked by barricades and sand sacks. This everyday reality is creating an urge for an opening and a transgression. The Nicosia Model, through culture will deliberate and unite aims at changing the present impasse and reshaping the city’s future. Realities that will change or be enhanced by the Programme All creative, cultural, economic and infrastructural angles of the 6 Pillars: General Cultural Potential Human Potential Economic and Urban Potential Collaborations Potential To reach out – once again – to the European Partners, with a concrete desire to strengthen the cultural ties and the feeling of European Citizenship, and, in unity, to address the neighbouring Mid-East and Mediterranean countries.

2. Does the city intend to develop particular cultural projects in the coming years, irrespective of the outcome of its application for the title of European Capital of Culture? Please comment Having in mind that the people of Nicosia and the wider region have the determination and the desire to be ECoC 2017, it would be impossible to block this momentum. • Healthy relationships with both cities in Denmark have been established and there is the will to proceed with common actions under any circumstances. • In addition, it is clear that the strategy proposed here is aimed at the future until 2020; the regeneration of the region will continue and capitalize on the Nicosia Model and any possible opportunity towards that goal. The momentum of the synergy achieved within the region can already be strongly felt; a synergy that will have the opportunity to grow further through the selection of Nicosia as European Capital of Culture and the preparation for 2017. The particularities that characterize the region, mainly the Green Line, need something drastic, large-scale and international as to accelerate the regeneration process. Nicosia has been internationally acknowledged as a pioneer city in developing programmes for the benefit of its citizens. These programmes that have been set up for years now are still running and developing independently of the outcome of the application for the European Capital of Culture. Nicosia 2017

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The programmes aim at the sustainable development of the city and its lasting progress and evolution, based on its rich cultural heritage, infrastructure and dynamic that characterises the Nicosia Municipality and its Citizens. The proposal and the synergies we propose for the programme of the ECoC are not confined to 2017 but take off immediately and will develop over a long time.

3. Please add below any further comments, which you deem necessary on the subject of this application. Our vision is to reshape our future • To re-establish the old city as the vibrant, and dynamic centre of Nicosia and Cyprus as a whole • To generate a creative web of collaboration between the wider region and its people • To welcome all guests with an open heart • To share with all our citizens our vision for our common future • To liberate and unite through culture Nicosia, the last divided capital of Europe with her centre still lifting the weight of division and uncertainty, is a form of silent cultural resistance for the last 37 years. The whole world finds itself in a transitional phase, just as our area. Nicosia at the crossroads of cultures cannot ignore this phenomenon. The international changes of political systems cannot succeed, if not intertwined with personal change.

“Be the change you want to see in the world.

”

- Mahatma Ghandi

Our city is determined, consciously, but above all with an open heart, to be part of this momentum for a better tomorrow. Now is the only time for culture and European values. Now is the time to develop “moral intelligence” for the benefit of the human/citizen, beyond economic growth, successful strategies and infrastructure. Nicosia is at the centre, the heart of the island and it pulsates sending her vibrations to all cities of Cyprus. Any positive change in Nicosia, is a positive change for all cities of the island.

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Antonis Minas

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In Pictures

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Antonis Minas

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Antonis Minas

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Manolis Christodoulakis

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Antonis Minas

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Panagiotis Mina, thoro imagezine (thoraw.wordpress.com)

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Aris Cleanthous, thoro imagezine (thoraw.wordpress.com)

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Varnavas Varnava

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Kyriakos Onisiforou, Avant Garde Press

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Varnavas Varnava

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Antonis Minas

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Andreas Loizou, Avant Garde Press

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Stelios Papapetrou, Avant Garde Press

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Michalis Kyprianou

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Nicosia Municipality Archive

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Antonis Minas

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Varnavas Varnava

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Ioanna Protopapa, Avant Garde Press

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Antonis Minas

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Antonis Minas

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Panagiotis Mina, thoro imagezine (thoraw.wordpress.com)

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Antonis Minas

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Antonis Minas

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Natalie Stylianou

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Photography credits Full page photographs Varnavas Varnava, HonPESGSPC, page 14 Elena Markitani, page 50 Antonis Minas, page 54, 78, 92 Stelios Papapetrou, page 64 Natalie Stylianou, page 82 Irene Stylianou, page 86 Savvas Anastasiou, Avant Garde Press (pages 12-13) Manolis Christodoulakis (page 96) Aris Cleanthous (Thoro imagezine, thoraw.wordpress.com, page 99) George Groutas (page 25) Ivars Krutainis (page 21) Michalis Kyprianou (pages 85, 106) Andreas Loizou, Avant Garde Press (page 104) Saro Nadjarian (page 76) Elena Markitani (page 50) Panagiotis Mina (Thoro imagezine, thoraw.wordpress.com, page 36, 98, 113) Antonis Minas (pages 27, 42, 54, 78, 91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 103, 108, 111, 112, 114, 115,118-119) Shona Muir (Thoro imagezine, thoraw.wordpress.com, page 18) Kyriakos Onisiforou, Avant Garde Press (page 101) Stelios Papapetrou, Avant Garde Press (pages 16, 22, 32, 33, 45, 64, 105) Stephanie Policarpou, Avant Garde Press (page 46) Polis Poliviou, Avant Garde Press (page 49) Ioanna Protopapa, Avant Garde Press (page 110) Irene Stylianou (page 86) Natalie Stylianou (pages 82, 116) Varnavas Varnava, HonPESGSPC (pages 14, 34, 41, 47, 67, 100, 102, 109) Cyprus Theatre Organisation (page 70) Larnaca Municipality (pages 25, 28, 71, 73, 77) Leventis Municipal Museum (pages 8, 10, 74) Nicosia Municipality (pages 29, 40, 43, 68, 69, 107) Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre (page 75) Press and Information Office (pages 26, 38, 44) A heartfelt thank you to all who have contributed photographs for Nicosiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proposal as European Capital of Culture 2017

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Corner of Alkiviadi and Lidinis Street, within the walled city divided by the Green Line, Antonis Minas

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Nicosia 2017 team ARTos team Achilleas Kentonis Foivos Liasidis Maria Papacharalambous Natalie Stylianou Strategy and Communication Consultants Amalia Chiromeridou Barbara Petropoulou Lillika Consulting Body of Nicosia Municipality Aigli Kammitsi Loukia Loizou Hadjigavriel Yiannis Toumazis Editing Filippos Stylianou Design and layout Antonis Minas Nicosia Municipality: www.nicosia.org.cy Nicosia 2017 website: www.nicosia2017.eu facebook: www.facebook.com/nicosia2017 flickr group: www.flickr.com/groups/nicosia2017