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- Learn about the history of the origin of Halloween, this cultural event from the Anglo-Saxon countries
Boa Hancock Halloween By Heloana Cristian
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“The date of October 31 is known worldwide as” The day Halloween or Halloween, “ which is a typical festival that takes place in Anglo-Saxon countries, with special emphasis in the United States. But where did this mysterious and sinister costume? “
The History of Halloween and its details Halloween (Halloween is the original name in the English language) is a traditional and cultural event that occurs in Anglo-Saxon countries, with special emphasis in the United States, Canada, Ireland and the UK, based on origin and celebrations of ancient peoples, and there sure precise references from which these celebrations emerged.
all who died during that year would come back in search of living to possess and use the body next year. The Celts believed to be the only chance in life after death. The Celts believed all laws of space and time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.
AThe word Halloween has origins in the Catholic Church. It comes from a contracted tradition of November 1, the Day of All Saints, is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints. But in the fifth century AD, in Celtic Ireland, summer officially concluded on October 31. The holiday was Samhain, the Celtic New Year. Some witches believe that the origin of the name comes from the word hallowinas - name given to female guardians of knowledge hidden from the northern lands (Scandinavia).. But scholars say that the word Halloween appeared as follows:: The name is actually a shortened form of “All Hallows ‘Even” (Night of All Saints), the eve of All Saints (All Hallows’ Day) version. “Hallow” is an Old English word for “holy person” and the day of all the “holy people” is just another name for All Saints Day, the day when Catholics commemorate all the saints. Over time, people began referring to the night of All Saints Day, “All Hallows’ Even” as “Hallowe’en” and Because living did not want to be possessed on the night of October 31, extinguished the torches and bonfires of then simply “Halloween”. their house so that they would become cold and unpleasant, costumes and noisily paraded placed around Halloween marks the official end of summer and the the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible, to beginning of the new year. frighten seeking bodies to possess, (Panati). Also celebrates the end of the third and final harvest of the year, the beginning of the storage of provisions The Romans adopted the Celtic practices, but in the first for the winter, the beginning of the return of herds from century after Christ, they abandoned them. pasture and the renewal of its laws. It was a party with several names: Samhain (summer’s end), Samhein, La Samon, or, Fiesta del Sol. But what stayed the same was the Scottish Hallowe’en. One of the legends of Celtic origin says that the spirits of
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Halloween was brought to America in 1840 by Irish immigrants fleeing famine in which their country was and started to be known as the “Halloween”.
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Trick or Treat ? The game of “trick or treating” is originally a ninth-century European custom called “souling” (aim). On November 2, All Souls Day (or All Souls Day here in Brazil), the Christians went from village to village asking for “soul cakes” (soul cakes), which were made of small squares of bread with currants. For each cake that won, one should say a prayer for a dead relative of the donor. It was believed that souls remained in limbo for a time after his death and that prayers helped her to go to heaven.
Pumpkins and candles: Jack O’Lantern (Jack of the Lantern)
The candle in the pumpkin probably has its origin in Irish folklore. A man named Jack, a crude alcoholic, in an October 31 day drank excessively and the devil came to take his soul. Desperate, Jack begs for another glass of drink and the devil grants. Jack was broke for the last drink and asks the Devil to turn into a coin. The Devil agrees. Barely see the coin on the table, Jack saves it in the portfolio, which has a clasp in the shape of a cross. Desperate, the devil begs Jack to leave and proposes a deal: free him in exchange for staying on Earth for one more year. Without option, the Devil agrees. Happy with the opportunity, Jack decides to change his ways and begins to treat well the wife and children, go to church and to charitable causes. But change does not last long, do not. Next year, on the night of October 31, Jack is going home when the devil appears. Jack, smart as ever, convinces the devil to pick an apple from a tree. The Devil agrees and goes up when the first branch, Jack grabs a knife in his pocket and draws a cross in the trunk. The devil promises from for over ten years. Without accepting the proposal, Jack orders the Devil never bother you. The Devil agrees and Jack frees the tree. To his misfortune, a year later, Jack dies, and then tries to get into heaven, but its entry is denied. Without an alternative, go to hell. Once there, he finds the devil, which still suspicious and feeling humiliated, does not allow its entry, and as punishment, the devil plays Jack an ember to light his way to the limbus. Jack put the ember in a turnip to last longer and goes wandering. Due to this event, his ghost is now known as Jack O’Lantern (Jack of the Lantern). Ireland turnips were used as “Jack lanterns” originally, but when the immigrants came to America, they found that pumpkins were far more plentiful than turnips. Then they began to use pumpkins lit with an ember inside instead of turnips. Hence the tradition of making caricatures in pumpkins and light them from within by a candle on Halloween season. According to legend, anyone who pays attention and can see a dim little light on the night of October 31, it’s because he could see the passing of Jack looking for a way out of limbo in which it is stuck.
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Witches Witches have a very important role in Halloween. No wonder that October 31 is known as “Halloween” in Portuguese. According to various legends, witches would gather twice a year during the change of seasons: in April 30 and October 31. According to legend tells it, coming flying broomsticks, witches attending a party headed by the Devil himself. They threw curses and hexes on anyone, morphed into various things and causing all sorts of trouble. It is also said that to meet a witch you had to put your clothes on inside out and walk backwards on the night of Halloween. Then, at midnight, you would see a witch! The belief in witches came to America with the first settlers. There, they were scattered and intermingled with stories of witches told by Native Americans and later, with beliefs in black magic brought by African slaves. The black cat is constantly associated with witches because of the legends, which state that they can turn into cats and also due to beliefs, which preach that cats are actually spirits of dead people. Many superstitions are associated with black cats. One of the best known is that if a black cat crosses your path, you must return the way you came, because if you do not, bad luck for sure.
Halloween Around the World A Halloween party, in fact, equivalent to “All Saints Day” and “All Souls Day”, and was absorbed by the Catholic Church to erase the pagan ties, giving rise to party. Hispanic countries celebrate Day of the Dead and not Halloween. In the East, the tradition is linked to the popular beliefs of each country. Halloween in Brazil is called Halloween and its celebration takes place on October 31. It is believed that on this night the souls pass out of their graves and leave the streets scaring all those who are close by. The halloween infiltrated our celebrations timidly, for Brazil, a country that celebrates the finer things in life, do not see in the midst of festivity to the dead. Despite its small influence can be seen in schools, clubs, nightclubs and shopping malls in many cities, but as stated earlier, does not acquire expressive power, since neither the local folklore is actually celebrated. Many nationalists give credits to the influence of American cultural imperialism coming of Halloween, so some Brazilians, located in São Luiz do Paraitinga (state of São Paulo), decreed October 31 as the official day of Saci Pererê to protest the inclusion Halloween. Most demonstrations criticizing the position of Brazilian import in American culture, as the country has great folkloric diversity which is not used and celebrated. Despite all the efforts of the press to highlight the North American festival, Brazilians do not tend to celebrate the date. It is a festival celebrated by few.
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In Rio de Janeiro manifestations are characterized by plaques scattered around town opposing the practice and still request the return of Brazilian considerations, ie, give value and importance to beliefs born in the country, leaving express patriotism within our culture. Even so, the Halloween parties in Brazil has become common, especially among young people, who meet in private clubs or even in private salons, promovendos costume parties with motifs of “horror”, aiming to celebrate the date in question as “Halloween.” Due to the realization of these parties, trade fantasies and motives focused on monsters and witches has been a significant increase in the month of October each year. Since 1800, when the Irish and Scottish immigrants brought their Halloween festivities to North America, the festival has developed considerably. The connection with the feast of All Saints Day and All Souls’ Day was practically left out, and many new secular traditions developed. For children, dress up and go to the houses making prank “trick or treating” is still the biggest event. Most households in the United States and Canada participate, even they do not want to risk little vandalism. Many adults dress up and participate with their children in costume parties and contests. Other Halloween activities take place throughout the month of October. These traditions preserve the spirit of joy Samhain before the scary thoughts of death and the supernatural. Americans added horror films, community haunted houses, ghost stories and Ouija boards. Cards and decorations are also part of Halloween. The party is second only to Christmas in total sales of trade. Another common custom of Halloween is collecting money for UNICEF (website in English) instead of sweets. This custom began in 1950 in the state of Philadelphia when a group of Sunday school had the idea to collect money for needy children to play “trick or treating”. They sent the money failed, about $ 17.00, for UNICEF, which was inspired by the idea and began a program of “trick or treating” in 1955. In Spain, the tradition of celebrating Halloween is still recent, having reached almost around the year 2000. The marketing done on American society cared to universalize this party to provide economic benefits in various sectors such as theme parks, books, cinema and even gastronomy. “In Spain, the school’s courtyard adorned with pumpkins and children dress up in costumes of “muertos vivientes”, which are undead, and witches and ghosts. As in the United States, being the children ready for the party, take to the streets to ask for candy and food typical of this time, however not all people who like. Many neighbors did not even open the door, because they feel uncomfortable and think it’s all just a big mess. Spain is a country that still maintains the ancient tradition of worship and respect for the dead, as well as in Brazil. Spaniards often go to the cemetery to clean the graves and bring flowers, as is customary in Brazil on holiday All Souls, November 2. In addition, on October 31 coincides with the harvest of chestnuts and pumpkins in celebration called “Castanhada”. Ireland is considered the country of origin of Halloween. In rural areas, people access bonfires, as the Celts were the origins of the festival and children wandering the streets saying the famous “tricks or treats” (trick or treating). On the 1st we celebrate the Day of the Rugrats, or Day of the Holy Innocents, when the children killed before baptism are recalled. The Day of the Dead, November 2, is much celebrated in Mexico. Dead people offer what they liked most: food, drinks, flowers. On the eve of All Souls Day, family and friends decorate the graves of the cemeteries and people eat, drink and talk, awaiting the arrival of the dead at dawn. A very popular tradition are the candy skulls, made with chocolate, marzipan and sugar. In this country, there is Phi Ta Khon festival, celebrated with music and parades of masks accompanied by the image of Buddha. According to legend, ghosts and spirits walking among men, and the festival takes place on the first day of Buddhist festivals.