1
2
MSA University
Faculty of Engineering Architecture Department FALL 2 0 1 7 Graduation Project I (ASE534) Rosetta International heritage center
Group No : 7’
Under supervision of: Prof. Sameh El-Feki Prof. Omar Fawzy DR. Mohamed Anees
Prepared By : Basel Rafat Marihan Khaled
143343 141073
3
Table of contents Chapter I……………………………………………………………….………………………………04 1.0-Intronuction…………..…………….....................................................................................................05 1.1-Historical background…………………………………………………………………………………...……………………06 1.2-Historical sites……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….07-09 1.3-Historical Timeline ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..10 1.4-Problems of Youth …………………………………………………………………………………...………………………..11 1.5-Local craft…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..12 1.6-What Rosetta has to offer?.........................................................................................................13 1.7-Rosetta as a touristic destination………………………………………………………………………………………..13 1.8-Vision………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….14 1.9-Conclution………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….15
Chapter II..……............................................................................................16 2.0-Urban Development………………………………………………………………………………………..……………17-18 2.1 -Rosetta problems ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..19 2.2-Government analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….20 2.3- Future plan……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..21 2.4 -Final analysis…………….………………………………………………………………………………………………….22-23 2.5 –Inspiration……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....24-28 2.6 -proposed project………………………………………………………………………………………………………….29-31
Chapter III………………………………..…………………………………………………………..32 3.0 Rosetta city…………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………….33 3.1-Landmark…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..34-35 3.2 Land use………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....36 3.3 Buildings condition……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..37 3.4 Vehicles accessibility Traffic………………………………………………………………………………………………..38 3.5 Roads………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39 3.6 Solid and void……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..40 3.7 Environmental Studies……………………………………………………………………………………………...………..41 3.8 Urban pattern……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..42 3.9 Visual studies…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....43-46
Chapter IV…………………………………………………………………………………………….47 4.0- Site Criteria…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………..………….48-49 4.1- Site one analysis………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….50-56 4.2- Site Two analysis………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………57-63 4.3- site 3analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….64-72 4 4.4- sites comparison……………………………………………………………………………………………………….....73-75
Chapter v…………………………………………………………………………..……………..……76 5.0-Circulation………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………......77-78 5.1-Flexibility…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………..…….79-80 5.2-legibility……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..……………81 5.3-Image………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..…………….82 5.4-identity…………………………………………………………………………………………………............…..…………....83 5.5-Convenience……………………….…………..........................................................................................84 5.6-Safety……………………………………………………………………………....……………………………….……………….84 5.7-Comfort………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………..…………85 5.8-Mood…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….………………….86 5.9-Interaction………………………………………………………………………………..………………….……………….......87 5.11-Visibility…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….88 5.12 Environmental impact ………………………………………………………………………………………………………89
Chapter VI…………………………………………………………………………..…………………90 6.1-International Antarctic Center……………………………………………………………………………………….91-94 6.2-international Centre for cave………………………………………………………………………………………...95-97 6.3-King Abdul-Aziz center for world………………………………………………………………………………....98-101 6.4-The World Expo Museum…………………………………………………………………………………………..102-104 6.5-Jewish Museum………………………………………………………………………………………………………….105-108 6.6-The Louvre Abu Dhabi………………………………………………………………………………………………..109-112 6.7-Heydar Aliyev Center……………………………………………………………………………………………….…113-116 6.8-Awadh Shilpgram crafts hub………………………………………………………………………………………117-120 6.9 Al-Foustat culture &crafts……..……………………………………………………………………………….....121-122 6.10 Luxor culture center…………………………………………………………………………………….…….…….123-125
Chapter VII……………………………………………………………..……………………..……126 1.0-Program Studies………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..127 1.1-Program components…………….………………………………………………………………………………….128-129 1.2-Project zoning……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………129 1.3-Space requirement…………………………………………………………………………………………………….130-132 1.4-Technical standards……………………………………………………………………………………………………132-135 1.5-Design guidelines……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..136 1.6-Design Constraints…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...137
Chapter VIII………………………………………………………………………………………...138 7- Sustainability …………………………………….......................................................................................139 7.1-Environmental system …………………………………………………………………………………………………..…140 7.2-Economic system………………………………………………………………………………………………………………141 7.3- Social system……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………142 7.4-Principles of Sustainable Design………………………………………………………………………………..143-144 5 7.5-Bream…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……145-146
Chapter I
Introduction
1.0 -Introduction 1.1-Historical background 1.2-Historical sites 1.3-Historical Timeline 1.4-Problems of Youth 1.5-Local craft 1.6-What Rosetta has to offer 1.7-Rosetta as a touristic destination 1.8-Vision
6
Introduction
Rosetta Rose of the Nile •
1. Introduction : Egypt has many important cities and historical sites which make it an important country for tourism, one of these cities is Rosetta . Rosetta location where the river Nile drains into the Mediterranean, and its historical sites importance , Also it is distinguished by an authenticity and a tranquility that has become rare in other tourist cities . All this make it one of the most important cities of Egypt. Fig.1 (Rosetta on map, Authors 2017)
•
1.1 Location and importance : Rosetta is a port city of the Nile Delta which located on the western branch of the Nile and the Mediterranean , Also it is consider as the connection between Alexandria and Behera city . So Rashid has blessed by a unique location and important historical sites . Because of the number of Islamic monuments in Rosetta which maximize its role in terms of tourism . It is the second city after Cairo in number of the Islamic monuments . Also Rashid passed through many historical era. Rosetta has what’s making it one of the most important cities , but need to let other know about it’s importance and more attention .
Fig.2 (Rosetta city, Author’s 2017)
7
Introduction
•
1.2 Historical background: Rosetta history back to the Zero Dynasty era, Rosetta was named " Khito” when Menes travel to include the town as part of his efforts to unify the two parts of the country . In the 4 th millennium BC , known as “boulbitine” named after the Ptolemaic temple name “boulbotinium” dedicated to queen Cleopatra , which was probably located south of modern town , close to the archaeological mound tall abu mandur mosque . the town was known as Rashit in the Coptic era, . Rosetta is a present name which came In later epochs, this eras left evidence in town can be seen till now; stones with hieroglyphics inscription in buildings wall and column that used in mosques (Fig.3).(Ministry of culture ,2003).
Fig.3 (Old Rosetta,bowyer,1805)
In 853 AD , the Abbasid Caliph took Rashid as a protective fortification against sea invaders, In 1249, the town was occupied by king Louis IX of France , which lead to draw the Mamelukes attention to Rashid and it’s important location , that’s when it’s important historical site started and the Mamelukes to build Islamic houses , mosques and public baths .(Ministry of culture ,2003). Fig.4 (Al-Masyali house, ministry of culture,2003) Rosetta became a prosperous trading harbor , under Ottoman rule, and became an important city for transit of merchandise . Consequently the streets of the city were crowded with merchants from all over the world creating international atmosphere that is reflected in houses façade and architectural buildings (fig 4.) . That draw the attention of both Britain and France. So Rosetta turned into one of the most important ports of Mediterranean sea .(Ministry of culture ,2003).
Fig.5 (Old Rosetta, Denon,1803) 8
Introduction
▪ 1.3 Rosetta historical sites : Rosetta has 22 monumental an unique collection of residences, well-trimmed and painted bricks. It's a mystery that these bricks still remains tell now in addition to twelve mosques, castles and public baths (as shown in Fig 5 ). So it considers as an open air museum(Mohamed , 2016 ).
Historical mosques :
▪
1. The historical mosques are still used by local villagers , mosques are the evidence from each era that passed through Rashid timeline . 2. Inhabitants invest in their protection and preservation spontaneously by keeping them in use. 3. The oldest mosque is probably AlMahalli mosque. 4. Zaghlul mosque is the second largest mosque of Egypt after Al-azhar mosque. (Fig.6)
Fig,6 (Zaghlul mosque, The Author’s,2017) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Ahmed Basha ad-bay House Hasilbah Gbazale House Al Amasyali House Waqf al moballi Thabit House Khalil Dir House Sl manadili House Asfur House
910.Arab Kolta House 11. Al- Tuqatla House 12. Hassan Galal House 13. Al- Mayzoul House 14. AL Baqrawalli House 15. Tlwan House 16. MuhammadAbuhu House
Fig.5 (Historical sites map,authors,,2017) 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
Al Gamal House Abu al-Hamid Maharim House Ythman Farahat House Alhagg Ismail Ramdan House Basyumi House Ahmed Kubiyya House Azzuz Bath Al0Qanadily House
9
Introduction
Historical sites Problems :
•
Rosetta ‘s people believe that they have a lots of historical monuments and sites that should be known by others. They think the reason is that there is only one hotel in town is in the city center and there are no activities to grab visitors to the place despite they have the ability to do so.(fig7). Rosetta comes right after Cairo for its Islamic monuments, but very few are aware of this (Fig.8), However , there is a lack of historical sites awareness .
Villagers are so talented in making the traditional clothes ,furniture boats and souvenirs but there's no showroom or local crafts workshops area to show their work.
•
Fig.7 (Collage of historical sites, Author’s,2017)
Historical Sites Distance from city center :
No
Destination
Distance
1
Kafr el sheikh
10 Min BY ferry boat
2
Museum
IN The center of downtown
3
Citadel of Qaitbay
6.8 KM 14 min By Car
4
Abu Mandur mosque
2.5 Km 7 Min By Car
5
Zaglol Mousqe
800 m 4 min by Car
(Table.1)
Fig.8 (Distances map,Author’s,2017) 10
11
Introduction
•
1.4 Historical Timeline Pharaonic era Town named Khito when Menes travel to include the town as part of his efforts to unify the two parts of the country.
Ptolemaic era Then the town was renamed " Poulbotine� like the branch of the Nile .Alexandria was the more important port.
Coptic era The town was known as Rashit.
AD
Abbasid caliphate 853 AD
The Abbasid Caliph turned town to be protective fortification against sea invaders
king Louis IX of France king Louis IX of France know the important of the location so occupied the town.
1249 AD
Mamluk caliphate 1260 AD
Mamelukes know the importance of Rosetta . As a result, they start to built a beautiful houses , baths and mosques .
Ottoman caliphate Rosetta was turned into one of the most important ports of Mediterranean sea. Built hotels, inns, mosques, and Islamic houses
1517 AD Fig.9 (al-Amasily house )
1799 AD
French occupation When rosette stone was found. 12
Introduction
•
1.5 Problems of youth : Having a zone for schools in the center of the city that far away from Rosetta sides lead parents not to educate there children , also no enough school for all children to learn, lead them to learn a craft to live from. They thought that craft is the future living for them . Also, having no university in town and the fact that the nearest one is over 70 km away , So most of youth can’t complete there education . (Fig.10) Lack of job opportunities lead youth to take their dreams and lives out of the country through immigration. The destroyed or nonfunctioning fishing boats ,however take the desperate youth from Rashid to either Turkey or Greece through the Mediterranean sea.
3-leave school and start to learn crafts
1-Start of childhood.
2- No enough spaces in schools.
4- Youth Take their dreams to immigration. Fig.10(Youth story Collage, author’s,2017)
13
Introduction
•
1.6 Local crafts: 1. Local Villagers are manufacturing their needs from Palm boxing . 2. People of Rosetta are earning and living from selling Palm boxes, boats , or fishing. Rosetta is the city of the million palm tree, which use for making furniture, boxes, and some building elements. However , they only work on producing boxes and outdoor furniture for their own use because there is no one know about their crafts.
Fig.11 (Local crafts collage,Authors,2017)
3. Also, Rosetta has more than 15 masonry blocks factory that cover the huge land of the Nile riverside , because these factories were use old techniques of making blocks of drying soil, however its no longer used and now they use another material . 4. Fishing is considered as one of the most important job because of the Nile. Also boat industry manufacturing is of the unique features of Rashid but not important any more cause no one use it only the local villagers . So there is no benefit from it for them. (Fig.11,12)
Fig.12 (Boat manufacturing,Authors,2017)
5. Calashes and cart : There is still a flouring industry of calashes in Rashid city . The Cornish street makes up the eastern part of the city and is characterized by a dense settlement interspersed by narrow roads . Can use carts to go inside (Fig 13). fig.13 (Claeshes)
14
Introduction
•
1.7 Rosetta opportunities as a touristic destination :
•
Then main elements of Rosetta to achieve a touristic destination : 1. Historical sites that located in the hall city which make it an open museum. 2. Rosetta is a port city of the Nile Delta which located on the western branch of the Nile and the Mediterranean. 3. Local crafts ( boat manufacturing , furniture , fishing ). 4. The generosity of people.
Fig.14(Elements of Rosetta city , Author’s,2017)
(fig.15) Collage of main elements in Rosetta 15
Introduction
• 1.8 VISION : Rosetta has a lot of opportunities which can be used to turn the city into international touristic destination , which will not only improve the economy , but will provide job opportunities and the chance for people to show their history and culture.
•
“The vision is to use the important sites and historical background to transfer Rosetta city into a touristic city which grab people from all the world to know it’s history and culture.”
The Target group :
The Target Group
Reasons
The Tourists : to return tourist movement back to the city and see the historical sites.
Historical Sites .
Local Craft
Mediterranean sea and the Nile.
Youth : Use them as a role To return their part on the community . Historical Sites
Youth
Local Crafts
Fig.16(collage of Rosetta, authors,2017) 16
Introduction
•
1.9 Conclusion : Rosetta city contain two main elements, the tourism zone which include the historical sites that make the city an open museum , Nile tours and the Mediterranean sea, and the local craft and ships manufacturing that confronting the Nile in informal workplaces . Focusing in a project that contain two approaches return rosette as touristic destination and improving local crafts in the city .
It is sad that no more tourists are coming to rosette like before it was a pleasure and blessing to see visitors that come to visit as like before and buy Our local craft work.
17
Chapter II
Literature review
2.0-Urban Development 2.1 -Rosetta problems 2.2-Government analysis 2.3- Future plan 2.4 -Final analysis 2.5 –Inspiration 2.6 -proposed project
18
literature review
•
2. Urban Development : When Amr Bin Al-Aas conquered Egypt 12 AH / 146 AD ,which was not of great commercial importance like the city of Alexandria because of the Difference of the trade from the Boptani branch to the Kanobe branch , but after the Islamic conquering cairo and after building Cairo 953 AH / 969 AD The weakness of the commercial center of Alexandria has become a major importance in this field, which has had the greatest impact on its growth and prosperity. Since the sixth century AH / AD 12th century, Sultan Qaytibay, 778 AH / 2741 AD, established a large castle known as his name. The Sultan alGhouri then built several towers to protect it. (Yousry,2006)
35%
Fig,17(google earth ,2017)
Unplanned and undirected expansion of the new urban cluster of Rosetta was a major problem. accordind to EL-RAEY, FOUDA and GAL (n,d), it can be seen from the city plan that Rashid consists of five informal areas (Ezbet Hassan Ali - Abou El Reish - Qatqat - Alkasra – khalf Al Mhwlat) Fig (14). The area of (khalf al Mhwlat), which lies within the city has the largest proportion of the total informal areas; it has 35% of the total area. Followed by the second one (Qatqat) area, which has 20% of the total area, and is equal In the area of (Abu Rish) 20% and then the area of (Alkasra) 17.5% And finally (Ezbet Hassan) on the 7.5% that lies outside the city (Yousry,2006) ,fig(18).
35% Alkasra 17.5% Abu Rish 20% Khalf Al Mhwlat 35% Ezbet Hassan 7.5% Qatqat 20%
20%
Fig,18(chart showing unplanned area of rosetta,yousry,2006)
17.5 %
20%
7.5%
19
literature review
Urban Development :
•
1. The result of the informal areas are more houses , less agriculture lands. 2. From 1953 to now the extension towards the agriculture land increasing. 3. Population of Rosetta in 2006 was about 69,827 people representing about 7.7% of the total urban population of El-Bahira, the population annual growth rate 2.6% during the 1976/1986, and dropped to 1.1% during 1986/1996, and to 1.8% during p. ,2013,Brebbia &Zubir1996/2006 ( 215). (Yousry,2006) .
Urban Mass 2007
Fig.19 (Rosetta 2014, Nadaoka 2015)
Urban Mass 1985
Urban Mass 1953
Urban Development
Area –Acres
Area – m2
Percentage
1953
199.50
837893.1
32%
1985
163.13
685148.5
26%
2007
261.03
1096330.9
42%
Total
623.66
2619372.5
100%
(Table.2) 20
literature review
•
2.1 Rosetta problems :
1.
Rosetta needs to attract tourists whether domestically or internationally, as it has all the factors to be a major touristic city, if only given the proper attention.
2.
Lack of attention for historical sites (Fig 20).
3.
The random extension of slums in the historical areas south of the city which reducing the chances of tourists coming to Rashid (Fig .21).
Fig,20(tourist attraction , Author,2017)
Fig,21 (slums,Author,2017)
4.
People need to have job opportunities , because unemployment leads youth to immigration .
5.
Families do not know the importance of education and the believe that children should learn a local crafts more important for their future .(Fig .22).
6.
The brick factories on the river side need to move its place because when people first built the factories on the Nile, it was because they needed the materials found in this area. But now, they do not use these materials anymore, Factories are polluted the Nile which effect on the fishes and the value of the land which made the location of the factories unreasonable.
(no jobs)
Fig,22(working child
(Factory's)
21
literature review
•
2.2 Government analysis (the building authority)(Yousry,2006):
•
Problems :
1. High rate of unemployment and poverty. 2.
High rate of population of slums.
3.
No universities .
4.
No main services .
5.
lack of public transportation .
•
Problems solution (government view ) :
1.
Build schools for various educational phases.
2.
Build a specialized hospital.
3.
Build a social sportive club.
4.
Development of the corniche of Rashid.
5.
Build ring road in the north west of the city
6.
Build a transportation hub.
•
For slums:
1.
Development of 5 slums .
2.
Limitation of 5 slums a. Renovation of 365 residential unit.
3.
Build 100 residential unit in the Iskan Mubarak project.
4.
Fig.23 (government point of view, Bahira Governorate,2007)
Build a public park.
22
literature review
•
2.3 Future plan:
-
The strategic vision for the development and planning of the city and the center of Rosetta is based on the development of the economic axis in the first place in its various sectors similar in tourism development (fig 24) , industrial development and agricultural development (Yousry,2006).
-
The investment of the strategic location is unique in helping to stimulate leisure tourism by developing the area of the Bogaz where the Nile River Branch meets the Mediterranean Sea (Yousry,2006).
-
The availability of historical areas, which includes the Islamic monuments are working on the development of the city in the field of tourism and the development of the city of Rosetta on the tourist map and linked to the city of Alexandria, especially after the availability of international road coastal tourism system one day (Yousry,2006).
(Fig.18) Fig.24 (Future plan, Bahira Governorate,2007)
23
24
literature review
•
2.4 Final analysis
Strength - Strategic location of Rashid. - Historical monuments. - The people are welcoming
Weakness -The random extension in the archaeological areas of the city . - No universities in Rashid. - Limited Job opportunities . - Limited public open space.
opportunities
Threats
- Factories workers don’t mind to change location .
-The random extension towards the agriculture land of the city.
- importance of historical sites.
- The deterioration of historical sites .
- There are already Nile tours . - local crafts .
•
Problem statement : People of Rosetta need others to know about it’s important. So touristic approach may solve some of Rashid problems like job opportunities , and will gave more attention for the historical places .
• Proposed solution : Finding ways to attract tourists and promote tourism that would eventually benefit the region inhabitants.
•
Objective Rosetta : Use the different historical eras of Rosetta in a project that present the Fig.25 (collage of tourism in Rosetta, author’s,2017) story of the city , which lead to recent situation and the local crafts .
25
literature review
•
2.5 Inspiration : Case Of Izmir :
1.
Izmir background: Izmir city is called “The Aegean Pearl” although known as a city with 8000 years of history (fig 19 ), which has the unique heritage sites for cultural tourism . It consider as perfect for city tourism in “Turkey’s Tourism Strategy” which also suggests . that national museums to be opened up in the city because of it’s important historical heritage . Izmir is consider as an important connecting point of cultural events with cuisine, museums, concert halls, cultural and art associations, annual national and international festivals
2.
Objective : Izmir should use its potential for cultural heritage to increase the share and use tourism for regional development .(Ebru Günlü.2008 ).
3.
Fig,26(izmir city,ray,2003)
Vision : Cultural tourism brings increased revenues to heritage sites, and to Society and the country that hosts them. It can be a reason for economic growth (McCain and Ray, 2003).
4.
Suggested project : Use resource to develop Izmir I as international Fair, cruise and health tourism capability, Resources can use such as swashbuckling hero of Southwestern Anatolian Villages, West Anatolian music, cultural city image, cultural heritage, historical wealth, architecture, historical ruins, historical- cultural and natural resources, social and traditional cultural heritage. .(Ebru Günlü.2008 ). So The Events in Destinations: Expo 2015 : That project consider will has important program which causes urban development, regional sustainability, active way of promoting, increase of investment especially tourism investments, increase in employment, socio-economic contribution to the region and transportation, accommodation. Expo 2015 seen as a financial development opportunity for Izmir . It will make Izmir as a brand ad will gain an identity for Izmir , an image and a vision. Izmir is seen as center of trade and art, a city fill of cultural heritage & diverse religions. Expo 2015 is going to be a motivation for the tourism revival in Izmir by stimulating rebirth of trade & investments, employment, new business fields and thermal tourism. .(Ebru Günlü.2008 ).
26
literature review
• 1.
Case Of Genoa : Genoa background: The Port of Genoa is one of the major Italian seaports in the Mediterranean. it is the busiest port of Italy by cargo tonnage. As the port and the city coexist naturally on the same stretch of coast, a large part of the working port coastline shares the function of urban waterfront.(fig 27).(José M ,2015).
For its geographical position, the port of Genoa is one of most important way of communication between the industrial and commercial systems of north Italy and central Europe with the south Mediterranean and north Africa countries.
2.
Fig.,27(port of genona,jose,2015)
The aims : are to increase the quality of life for the residents and develop touristic activities.
3.
Genoa Development Strategies : Genoa a program for restructuring the old harbor areas, the waterfront and the historic center has been set u (Fig .28). Genoa development main approaches for increasing economic competitiveness. The development of transport systems, services, infrastructures, promises considerable renovation of the urban functions with a significant and relocation of business investments.(José M ,2015).
4.
Fig.,28(master plan,jose,2015)
Project Main process:
1. Restructuring the old harbor areas, the waterfront. 2. Renewal of a number of areas through projects which seek to revitalize places both economically and socially by helping small businesses and craft industries. 3. Restoration for historical sites .(José M ,2015).
5.
Project result : Improved in the attraction of the city for tourists . The main actions process are conclude the waterfront redevelopment process that should, which start a new relationship with the old town, entirely modifying the city and its functional system.(José M ,2015). 27
literature review
•
Case Of Alicante , Spain :
1. General background: “ Alicante maritime station , a gateway to the historical Centre” ( cruise traffic and urban regeneration,2010). Alicante is a city with 3000 years of history , located southeast of the Mediterranean coast with an important port (fig.29) . During the 80s the commercial and tourism are decreased (Aragones,2017). 2.
Vision :
Fig,29(Alicante,aragoraries,2017)
Increase the tourism to became a tourist city , recover the port area and increase the social exercises (fig.30 ) . ( cruise traffic and urban regeneration,2010).
3. Key features of the city : 1. location on the south east cost of Spain . 2. Tourism destination : monuments, local handcrafts . 3. Has the highest hotels in Europe.
4. Government’s development plan :
Fig,30(bird view of the city,photographer,2010)
1. More Public space . 2. Connect and integrate the historical center with the surrounding . 3. A waterfront redesign . 4. Museum extension .
28
literature review
•
Case Sri Lanka:
1. General background: It is an island country in South Asia . Sri Lanka's documented history spans 3,000 years .The main economic sectors of the country are tourism , textile, rice production and other agricultural products. (fig.31).
2.
Vision : Create a new hub for commerce, and tourism in Sri Lanka's largest city , connect the main port and the historic of city .
Fig. 31(Arial view,SOM,2010)
“It presents a dynamic new vision for Port City Colombo that promises to deliver highquality urban environments for residents and visitors,“(SOM Team , 2010)
3.
Project information : SOM has won a competition to design a new district for Sri Lankan city Colombo. The design main components are : numerous skyscrapers, a marina, canals and a park, influenced by the country's tropical climate.(Fig.32 ).
4.
Project plans : 1. The master plan created "new skyline" that is visible from different viewpoints across the city. 2. Design a public squares, parks, a new harbor .
Fig. 32(Arial view,SOM,2010)
3. Port design .
29
literature review
•
Case Las Palmas :
1. General background: Like most Canarian cities, Las Palmas owns a distinctly Spanish feel and a rich history . The port also lies close to the internationally famous sea resort Playa del Ingles (fig.33).
2.
Vision : Re-development of Las Palmas is designed create a lively, urban environment tourists by presenting a contemporary and providing a new space for public events (fig.34).
3.
Fig,33(playa del resort,2009)
Development : 1. Turn the waterfront into an integral part of urban life. 2. New public spaces . 3. Design a complex with culture identity,. 4. Connect between the port and the city . Fig,34(master plan)
30
31
PORPOSED PROJECT
32
literature review
•
2.6 Project Aims: Use the benefit between craft monuments and art .Bring people together across the historical monuments . Turning local into global by using the historical sites as a base for hold tourism destination . Maintain cultural identity . Connects and interacts the world across the Mediterranean sea enhance tourism with the power of culture and heritage. Showing the identity and the story of Rashid to the world
•
Project Component: 1- Memory museum 2- local craft workshops 3-cultural space 4- auditorium 5- library 6- marina 7- shops 8- administration
Fig,35(heritage center compition,2014)
33
Chapter III
Urban Analysis
3.0-Rosetta city 3.1-Views 3.2-Land use 3.3-Buildings condition 3.4-Vehicles accessibility Traffic 3.5-Roads 3.6-Solid and void 3.7 Environmental Studies 3.8 Urban pattern 3.9 Visual studies
34
Urban analysis
•
3. Rosetta city :
Fig.36 (panoramic view in the city, author’s,2017)
•
Rosetta connect between Alexandria , kafr el sheikh and Behira city
•
Rosetta Total area is 2.1% of Bahira city , Rosetta city solid is only 26%of Rosetta total area (Bahira Governorate,2007) .
•
Main element of Rosetta is agriculture land .
•
Local crafts of the city is inspired from agriculture such as palm boxes , furniture from palms and trees , and dates
Fig.37 (Rosetta map, the authors,2017)
35
Urban analysis
•
3. Rosetta city : 1. Rosetta Total area is 2.1% of Behira city , Rosetta main center only 2.6%of Rosetta total area (Yousry,2006) . 2. Main element of Rosetta is agriculture land .
Abo Mandur Mosque Cemeteries Rashid Port Park Museum Rail way Hospital Main Road
36
Urban analysis
•
3.1 Views:
37
Urban analysis
•
3.2 Land use : City surrounded by agricultural land and the Nile. 45% of the lands are residential buildings (fig,38), 10 % are mixed use buildings, commercial buildings are too few compared to other lands in the city and located in specific zones. In the other hand the Rosetta museum located in the center of the city with its park (fig,39 ), 5 schools located in the same zone of the city which far away from the city sides so some parents don’t educate their children. (fig,40).Huge industrial area near the residential lands and Brick factories located on the Nile side , the cemeteries are in the center of the city and surrounding by residential buildings .Historical sites are 6% of the city lands.
Residential
Fig. 38(residential building in the city, authors,2017)
Open Space
Fig. 39(city park, authors,2017)
Education
Fig. 41(land use map,authers,2017) Scale 1: 20000
Fig. 40(schools zone, authors,2017) 38
Urban analysis
•
3.3 Buildings condition : Good condition building mainly located in the Nile side of the city (fig,42) The deeper getting inside the city, the worse building will be. Many houses of Rosetta in a bad condition and had infrastructure issues (fig,43), also the historical sites need restoration because they are seriously damaged and some parts had been demolished (fig,44).Deterioration buildings need to be reconstructed with using durable materials. 80 About 71% of the total number of buildings in rosette city is 60 deteriorated, the bad condition 40 buildings is about 21% of the city 20 area, good condition buildings are 0 18% of total area (fig,45 ).
Good
Bad Damegd fig.45 (building condition percentage)
fig.42 ( good condition building,authors,2017)
fig.43 (Bad condition building,authors,2017)
Fig.46 (Building condition map) Scale 1: 20000
fig.44 ( Damaged historical site,authors,2017) 39
Urban analysis
3.4 Vehicles accessibility Traffic :
• •
Traffic problem only at the center of city because of services, school zones , and wide of street. there are 3 Types of Roads: Main Road , sub road which , and unpaved narrow roads which effect on traffic. Only the center of the city which has a traffic. A wide of the street make a traffic problems
fig.47 (Main Road, author,2017)
fig.48 (Sub-route, Author,2017)
fig.49(Uncoated road,Author,2017) Scale 1: 20000
Fig.50(traffic map,authors,2017)
Traffic Rate
Fast
Slow 40
Urban analysis
3.5 Roads:
• •
Main Road connect between Alexandria, Rosetta and Behira city , Railway station connect between Cairo and Rosetta.
•
Rosetta connect between Kafr el shiekh city through Nile boats.
Main Road connect All Rosetta to gather
Railway connect rosette to Egypt rail ways
Narrow inner streets
Inner network Main Roads Rail way Connected network To Alex
Scale 1: 20000
Fig.51 (roads map,authors,2017) 41
Urban analysis
3.6 Solid and void : -Solid more than void areas in the city because of extension toward agriculture lands with minimum open spaces.
Solid &void
Solid
Void Fig.52 (solid &void map)
Vegetation: : Agricultural
Solid
Void
Fig.53(vegetation map)
42
Urban analysis
3.7 Environmental Studies :
43
Urban analysis
3.8 Urban pattern : The city had many different patterns due of the unplanned expansion of the city, narrow streets and the streets following the agricultural land base ,drain and canals ,fig(54).
Comparative analysis of the city streets pattern: Fragmented parallel
Grid pattern
Fig,54(Urban pattern map,authors,2017)
Informality in street
Curvy street pattern
Street Pattern
Intersections
No of access No of blocks Linear feet (Table.3) 44
Urban analysis
3.9 City center: 1. Buildings heights don’t follow the heights regulation. 2. All schools are in one zone at the center of the city . 3. Rosetta museum , it’s old house that convert to a museum . 4. Not all buildings in a good conditions. 5. Rosetta has 3 main port .
Roof used as storage
Park
No follow for height’s regulation
Rashid Museum
Governmental Institution
School
Fig.55 (map showing the shot location in the city,authors,2017)
Port
Police Station
fig.56 (Panoramic view ,authors)
45
Urban analysis
Street view : Electric poles
social communication
Use the roof as storage
Shading
Concrete material fig.57 (street view ,authors,2017)
1. 2. 3. 4.
Electric poles over buildings , which consider as threats for buildings. Using Roofs as a storage . Most of the residential buildings are mixed use. Using sample shade material ,fig(57).
Skyline :
11 floor building Fishing boats
Nile tour
Fig,58 (Skyline of the city from the Nile, authors,2017)
46
Urban analysis
•
Skyline : There is a wide variation in storey levels , building heights start from 2 floor to 12 floor at the same area . Building heights do not respect the construction law.
15% 58% 22%
Fig.59 (buildings height, authors, 2017)
Nile tour
Fig,60 (Skyline of the city from the Nile, authors,2017)
47
Urban analysis
The Riverside : There are 3 activities on the River side. - Brick factories along the river side which polluted the river,fig(62). - Boat manufacturing, fig(61). - Fishing farms in the Nile. Boat manufacturing
Fishing side
Fig.61 (shot showing the ship manufacturing , authors, 2017)
Brick Factory
Fig.62 (shot showing the brick factories , authors, 2017) 48
Chapter IV
Site selection
4.0- Site Criteria 4.1- Site one analysis 4.2- Site Two analysis 4.3- site 3analysis 4.4- sites comparison
49
Site selection
•
4.0 Site criteria : There are criteria for Sites selection in Rosetta city which achieve the target of the project.
Site consider as International destination Site on Nile side or Mediterranean sea side to achieve marine of the project components
Near to local crafts workshops
Connect Connectbetween between2 2cities cities
50
Site selection
SITE SELECTIONS
51
Site selection Site selection
4.1 Site A : 1. First Site is located where the river Nile drains into the Mediterranean. 2. It’s consider as the connection between 3 cities (Alexandria , Behira and kafr el sheikh city ). 3. Consider as an international destination .
Fig.63 (site location map, the authors,2017)
52
Site selection
4.1.1 land use : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Site is surround by open spaces and agriculture land. Residential buildings are far away from the site. Nile side of the site used in Fishing No commercial zone for the site . The Nile in side and the Mediterranean sea in the other side. Site connect to Alexandria by main road and kafr el shiek by Nile tours. Site is close to Fishing farms . Filed trip from Rosette to site to see the link between Nile and Mediterranean sea.
Residential Agriculture land Open space Factors Commercial Fish farm
Fig,64 (land use map) 1:15000
53
Site selection
4.1.2 Roads and accessibility : 1. There are three ways to the site (Nile Direction , Mediterranean sea , and Main street . 2. Sea Road is the connection between Alexandria and site . 3. Main Road is the connection between the city center and the site.
Main road. Ring Road. Sea Road . Internal streets .
Fig,65 (roads map)
1:10000
54
Site selection
4.1.3 Views from site A :
Fishing on the side of the Nile , and the Nile tours pass by the site.
Site on the connection between the Mediterranean and the Nile.
Main road that lead to the city of Rosetta
Many large spaces surrounded the site
55
Site selection
4.1.4 Out Views to site A :
Field trips Come to site for relaxation
The main road that access to the site
Mediterranean sea from the site
56
Site selection
4.1.5 site surrounding:
Fig.66 (shot of bile drain into the Mediterranean sea,authors,2017)
Fig.67 (shot from the site, the authors,2017)
57
Site selection
4.1.6 SWOT analysis :`
Strength
1. 2. 3. 4.
It’s the link between the river Nile in Egypt and the Mediterranean sea . Port side. Connection between 3cities (Alexandria , Behira and kafr el shiekh ). Link between the main out road to the city as shown in fig(68).
Fig.68 (Rosetta map, the authors,2017)
Weakness
1. 2.
Extensions of slums towards the agriculture lands. No services surround site.
opportunities 1. 2. 3.
There area already trips from Rosetta residents to site . Use of the shore as a touristic destination . There are already Nile tours, fig(69).
Fig.69 (Nile tours,authors,2017)
Threats 1.
Immigration from site by the Youth for job opportunity and better living conditions in other countries.
Fig.70 (Immigration from rosetta,authors,2017)
58
Site selection
4.2 Site C: 1. Second site is located on Mediterranean sea . 2. Close to Alexandria city . 3. On the main road which connect Alexandria and Rosetta.
Fig.71 (Rosetta map, the authors,2017)
59
Site selection
4.2.1 land use : 1. Front Side located on the Mediterranean sea . And close to main Road that connect between Cairo , Alexandria and Rosetta 2. Site is surrounded by agriculture land and Open space . And close to Nile side. 3. Residential areas are close to site , but the Services are far away From site. 4. Site close to historical sites of Alexandria and Rosetta city.
Agriculture land Open space Residential Factors
Fig,72 (Land use map) 1:10000
60
Site selection
4.2.2 Roads and accessibility : The Site is located on the main road which consider as the main entrance for the city from Alexandria . Also Close from the Road which connect all Rosetta which will encourage local visitors for project. Also the accessibility of the site can be from Mediterranean sea for international accessibility .
Sub roads Internal street Main Road
Fig,73 (roads map)
1:2000
Main road from city center to the site
61
Site selection
4.2.3 Site Edges : A strategic location on the sea .Site has only one main road, site surrounded by Mediterranean sea, large lands of open spaces and agricultural lands
4.2.4 Vegetation:
Fig,74(edges map, authors,2017)
High Density of Agricultural lands surrounded the site (fig,75/76)
Fig,75(vegetation map,authors,2017)
4.2.5 impact on site:
Fig,76 Agricultural land,authors2017)
Agricultural lands have social and economical impact because the most important craft in Rosetta which will support the workshop zones. Palm can use as a surrounded shade for the building. Ship workshops are close to the site which will support the workshop zones (fig, 78).
Fig,77
Fig,78 (ship manufactory,authors,2017) 62
Site selection
4.2.6 Views from site 2 :
The Mediterranean sea rom the site
Agricultural lands
Agricultural lands
Open space surrounded the site
63
Site selection
4.2.7 Out Views to site 2 :
Vegetation next to the main road
Open spaces surrounded the site
No contour level surrounded the site
64
Site selection
4.2.8 SWOT analysis :
Strength 1. 2. 3.
Front Side located on the Mediterranean sea (fig59) . Port side. Located on the main road which connect Alexandria and Bahira city. Fig,79(Mediterranean sea in site,authors,2017
Weakness 1. 2. 3. 4.
Site close to Residential area . No services surround site. Unpaved streets . Land shape similar to surrounding open spaces land.
opportunities 1. 2.
Use of the shore as a touristic destination . Connection between Alexandria city (fig,60) .
Fig,80 (Rosetta map,2013)
Threats 1. 2.
Lack of security . Less connection between center of city .
65
Site selection
4.3 Site C : 1. 2. 3. 4.
Site is located on the Nile . Brick factories are located in the site . Site connect between Behira city and Kafr el sheikh city . Site have a landmark like qaitbay castle.
Fig.81 (Rosetta map, the authors,2017)
66
Site selection
4.3.1 Site (C) Land use : 1. Site is located in Ezbet Borje Rashed on the Nile side , site surrounded by Residential buildings , Brick factories , port , agriculture lands and workshops for local crafts . Site is close to Rosetta historical sites . 2. Site is close for local visitors also close to kafr el sheikh city. 3. Residential buildings are informal buildings with no respect for the heights. 4. The map showing the high percentage of the residential area with A lack of services and commercial spaces and the location of factory which A wasting for this location.
Walk ability to the side from the village of borg Rashid ,From the city center reach to the site in 8min tripe by a car, site reachable by Nile in 5 min trip and away from kafr elsheikh 3 mins by boat
1:2000 Fig,82 (land use map)
Residential Agricultural land Factories Historical site Open space
67
Site selection
4.3.2 Roads and accessibility : There is only one main road that connect the village to the city .The inner road are narrow and hard to get cars inside.
Fig,83(roads map,authors,2017)
Agriculture Inner road Main Road
68
Site selection
4.3.3 Solid & Void : The map showing the solid areas which are no regionalized in an urban way and it build on an agricultural land because of the increasing of the populations, This increase unformal and unplanned.
Fig,84(solid & void,authors,2017)
Solid &void
Solid
Void
69
Site selection
4.3.4 Views from site 2 :
Factories next to the site
Factory prevent between Nile view and the site
Informal residence building with local craft workshops in the ground floor
Boats marina and qaytbay citadel located next to the site
70
Site selection
4.3.5 out Views site 3 :
The site with the existing factory and the maria
Site entrance
Factory located in the site
Fish farms in Nile faces the site.
71
Site selection
4.3.6 Landmarks site 3 : •
Landmarks of the site :
1- Qaitbay castle. 2-port. 3-Factories.
•
4.3.7 Building heights :
1.
Building average from 1 to 5 stories
Fig,86(buildings hieght,authors,2017)
Fig,85(map showing the land marks,authors,2017)
1 floor 2-3 floors 4-5 floors
72
Site selection
4.4.7Architecture features : • Site surrounding: Boat manufacturing
Brick factory
Fig,87(shot showing the surroundings ,authors,2017)
•
Buildings : White color elevation
Fig,88(shot showing the surrounded buildings ,authors,2017)
Brick Elevation
More than one color with pattern 73
Site selection
4.3.8 SWOT analysis :
Strength 1.
Historical site of the citadel of qaitbay Port side. And ship manufactory Local crafts workshops . The view in between the city skyline & the connections of Mediterranean and the Nile.
2. 3. 4.
Weakness 1. 2. 3.
Brick factors on the site . Extensions of slums towards the agriculture lands. Narrow and unpaved streets in the site
opportunities 1. 2. 3.
Factories workers don’t mind about changing location. Use of the shore as a touristic destination The local craft
Threats 1. 2.
Spread of diseases because of the rotted fish. Deterioration of historical monuments
74
Site selection
•
Site selection comparison : SITE 2
SITE 1
SITE 3 1. 2.
LANDMARKS
Services
No landmarks
No Services
No services
1.
Link between the Nile and the Mediterranean sea . Port side. Connection between 3 cities. Good view
1.
Extensions of slums towards the agriculture lands. Immigration . No services .
1.
STRENGTH 2. 3. 4.
1.
WEAKNESS
No landmarks
2. 3.
2. 3.
2.
Site close to the services and residential areas
Site located on Mediterranean sea Port side. Good view.
1.
Site close to Residential area . No services surround site.
1.
2.
2.
3.
1.
2. OPPORTUNITES 3.
There area already trips from Rosetta residents to site . Use of the shore as a touristic destination . There are already Nile tours.
1.
2.
Use of the shore as a touristic destination . Connection between Alexandria city.
Qauitbay castle . Close the center of the city
1.
2.
Close to local crafts. Close to historical site .
Brick factories surrounding the site. Extensions of slums towards the agriculture lands. Narrow and unpaved streets in the site
Factories workers don’t mind about changing location. Use of the shore as a touristic destination
75
Site selection
SITE 2
SITE 1 1.
Threats
2.
1.
Accessibility
Deterioration of historical monuments. Immigration from site .
1.
Can axis to the site from the Nile ,Mediterranean sea .and main road
1.
Deterioration of historical monuments.
SITE 3 1.
2.
Can axis to the site from main road and Mediterranean sea .
1.
Spread of diseases because of the rotted fish. Deterioration of historical monuments Can axis to the site from the Nile and center of the city
(Table.4)
76
Site selection
•
4.11 Proposed site (B) Site criteria : In the Aim to return Rosetta in the map of touristic destination The site has a very strategic location compared to the other sites. The opportunity to create a gate for Rosetta and being international city that connect between the Europe and the Arica in general and the delta specific (fig,89). Site 1 and 2 are achieving this criteria but Site 1 consider as a military zone for future investment which not allowed to built in (Behira government ) , so site 2 is the site which achieve this criteria Military zone Fig,89(Rosetta location to surrounding countries,authors,2017)
Nile Alexandria Delta Main sites
Fig,90(site location to surroundings ,authors,2017)
77
Chapter V
Design issue
5.0-Circulation 5.1-Flexibility 5.2-legibility 5.3-Image 5.4-identity 5.5-Convenience 5.6-Safety 5.7-Comfort 5.8-Mood 5.9-Interaction 5.11-Visibility 5.12 Environmental impact :
•
:
78 78
Design issues
5. Circulation :
• ▪
horizontal
vertical
Circulation general definition : 1. Movement around something .
▪
Circulation architecture definition :
1. It’s the movement of blood , (people ) through the building spaces . ( Francis DK Ching in Architecture: Form, Space & Order ). 2. Circulation is defined as movement between spaces. The main idea of successful circulation is the human experience moving around project . • Circulation Direction : horizontal or vertical. • Circulation types : building surrounds . Public spaces or private spaces . •Frequency : moving and emergency. 2. Example :
lobbies
Ramp
corridors
Stair
balcony
Elevator
porches
Escalator
- Maxxi Museum of Modern Art circulation . - Zaha Hadid Architects.
Fig,91(vertical circulation diagram) .
▪
▪
Pedestrians :
Fig,92 (vertical circulation diagram ) .
1. Human movement on foot around the building. 2. Pedestrian users should find a clear circulation , public spaces and gathering places and easy to access Fig (93)
Example :
Culture center in Italy :
Fig,93(circulation diagram(“Resisarchitecttur culture center, 2017)
79
Design issues Design issues
▪
Parking and vehicles circulation
:
1. Movement of vehicles should be clear and well defined manner to reduce conflict with pedestrian roads.
Fig,94( circulation diagram,sisarchitecttur culture center, 2017)
•
Circulation : ▪ 1. 2.
Types of use : Public :building surrounding. privet : inside .
Fig,95(circulation diagream ,silver rabbit: atlantic city holocaust memorial", 2017)
•
Example Art center : Circulation inside through courtyards , easy access to specific program , clear parking lots , services circulation . "Sejong Art Center Competition Entry / H Architecture + Haeahn Architecture", 2017)
•
Conclusion
Fig,96("Sejong Art Center Competition Entry / H Architecture + Haeahn Architecture", 2017)
Circulation of project should be easy to access with clear entrance . vehicles should be clear and well defined manner to reduce conflict with pedestrian road. 80
Design issues
•
5.1 Flexibility •
Adoptable
General definition : Able to be bent, usually without breaking.
•
Movable
Transformable
1.
Architecture definition : It’s defined as building design can be adopted by add or removed when external change occur. ("flexibility in architecture", 2017.
Responsive :
Fig,97 ("flexibility in architecture", 20 s.r. crown hall, eames house)
Responsive buildings for a number of external stimuli, including environment, interaction, and
Choice / variety
.
usage ("flexibility in architecture", 2017).
Expansion
2.
Adoptable : Adaptability is the ability to modify the material Fig,98 ("flexibility in architecture", 2017. s.r. crown hall, eames house) easily when any change occur in buildings.
Responsive
("flexibility in architecture", 2017).
3.
Movable : Relocation building elements and structure and relocate in another location. ("flexibility in architecture", 2017).
Fig,99 ("flexibility in architecture", 2017. s.r. crown hall, eames house)
Example : flexible urban habitat by Saifuddin Syed ( India) 1. 2.
In this project architect achieve the movable by using module spaces. pre-fab and lightweight elements that are not only recyclable but to a greater extent reusable. elsewhere. ("flexible adaptable urban habitat | designboom.com", 2017) LandscapeAdd Balcony
Modul e
Fig,100 ("flexible adaptable urban habitat | designboom.com", 2017)
Space module :
Space module
Balcony module
Fig,101(Flexible in movable,flexible adaptable urban habitat | designboom.com", 2017)
81
Design issues
4. 5.
Choice/variety :
6.
Showing how the decisions that make are affected by the layout and range of choices that are available. ("flexibility in architecture", 2017) A choice architect is someone who organizes the context in which people make decisions.
5.
Transformable : Defined as adding or removing buildings components. ("flexibility in architecture", 2017)
Conclusion : Museum zone need to design as a transformable flexible to can add zones or remove and make different in museum components by time
•
Fig,102 ("flexibility in architecture", 2017. s.r. crown hall, eames house)
Proposed strategy Example : - Maxxi Museum of Modern Art circulation . 1. Project provide transformable strategy by adding Zones block added vertically , which allow more blocks to e added.
82
Design issues
•
Methods
5.2 legibility : General definition : Defined as the clearness of the something. Architecture definition : Defines as main factor in visual communication of the built environment. (Koseoglu & Onder, 2017)
Project Legibility : 1. Visitors should know easily the function of zones. 2. For Rosetta project should respect the context . 3. Clear visibility for museum . 1. 1. 2.
layering : Is the vertical circulation clearness. Clear in vertical for functional , stair and ramps. (Bird, 2017)
Fig,103 (legibility, kevin lynch )
Example : Heydar Aliyev Center : 1. The clearness of the layers in the project , visitors can know easily the function of each zone .
Fig,104(legibility layers ,Bird, 2017)
2.
Orientation :
1. 2.
For a story should be a known circulation. Move start from the main entrance as the main point then to story begging . (Koseoglu & Onder, 2017)
•
King Abdul-Aziz center for world :
1.
Project has one entrance so visitors will not be confused .
3.
Plan recognition :
Fig,105(main entrance.)
Design plan with a clear and easy to use ,And according to function .
Fig106(organization)
83
Design issues
•
5.3 Image : General definition : Picture or representative of something or someone. Message Architecture definition : Image is the meaning that the architect want to deliver for the visitor from out side and inside the building. Image in project : Rosetta need project which express the identity of it , Building delver a message about rosette culture
1.
Message :
Hierarchy
Proportion
Identity
General definition : A communication to deliver news or information. Architecture definition : How the architect can success to deliver a message through the buildings design , how the visitor know what building present.. Example : Museum of Islamic art : Museum present Islamic art which very clear , architect use Islamic elevations , use Islamic in plan .
Fig,108 (Islamic architecture,Stephen Watkins) Fig,107 (Islamic architecture,Stephen Watkins)
2.
Proportions : General definition : It’s an equation to state 2 or more ration are equal. Architecture definition : It’s connection between mathematics ratio and art . And the visual effect of the relationships of the various. ("Harmonic Proportion in Architecture: Definition & Form | Study.com", 2017)
3.
Hierarchy : General definition : Type of system that things ranked on each others. Fig,109(hierarchy sketch ,2017) Architecture definition : Defined as The articulation of the importance or significance of a form or space by its size or shape. (Luo, Whitney, Baldwin & Magee, 2017) 84
Design issues
5.4 identity : General definition : character of person or what a thing is . Architecture definition : building speaks for what it is, and for what it stands for. it can represent an idea thought how it looks and works; and it can represent the culture of the city. (Welch, Lomholt & Lomholt, 2017)
Example : King Abdlaziz Center for World Culture Architecturally the design is inspired by Saudi Arabia’s geology and rock. So architect start by design plan as a rocks surrounded by each others. (MARIJA BOJOVIC ,2014).
Conclusion : Image can achieve Through Identity achievement in building by design inspired from culture of the city.
Fig 110(MARIJA BOJOVIC ,2014).
85
Design issues
5.5 Convenience :
•
General definition : Suitable or acceptable for needs or purpose. Architecture definition : Fitting in well with the person’s needs activities and searching for person comfort, and respect site surrounding . "The Architecture of Convenience - An Architectural Critique", 2017) Convenience Project : Rosetta is a historical city , so design should respect the culture of the city and surrounding . Strategy : Use Islamic architecture in modern way that respect the history of the city and surrounding also be easy for visitors Example : Al-Foustat culture & traditional crafts center Building respect the history of the city and fitting people’s need. Fig(112).
•
Fig,111(islamic architecture. Stephen Watkins).
Fig,112 (city traditional architecture, Team, 2017)
5.6 Safety :
General definition : Freedom from danger and being safe . Architecture definition : 1. Architecture features that prevent accident in buildings. 2. Project need more safe because the number of visitor that the buildings design for .( "Secure / Safe | WBDG Whole Building Design Guide", 2017)
•
Problems of project :
1. 2.
Project local crafts that can lead to fire .(FIg113) Use techniques need more maintenance for the historical view.
How to Achievee safety in building : 1. Design building with material don’t be effected by the climate change . 2. Deign building with the necessary needs in fire . 3. Designing escape doors and stairs.
Fig,113 (escape stairs ,Charlie,2013).
86
Design issues
•
5.7 Comfort : General definition : Relaxed feeling free from pain . Architecture definition : Design building to achieve comfort by human needs . ("Building Comfort in Architecture Isn’t Just About Temperature Control", 2017)
Physical and psychological definition :
1.
Building comfort has a lot to do with how an architectural built form engages an occupant through all of their senses, like with factors of lighting, materiality, sound, smell and temperature . ("Building Comfort in Architecture Isn’t Just About Temperature Control", 2017)
Physical for Project :
For physical the project should provide a rest spaces , setting areas also food court for visitors with a comfort circulation .
2.
Psychological for Project : Can use the light to as an interesting way to show the Rashid history and story , by the light circulate the stage of the Rashid eras Conversation circle
Project need physical comfort in workshops zones . Strategy : Design zones for human comfort which help to increase their products , such as conservation circles , indoor workshops with human need. Example : Deaf craft center : park Design building to meet people need and physical comfort as shown in fig (. ("MASS Design Group — Narrow road ways Gallaudet University International Design Competition", 2017)
Shading paving
Fig,114 (Exterior Comfort zones MASS Design)
Fig,115 (Interior comfort zone. MASS Design) 87
Design issues
•
5.8 Mood : General definition : It’s feeling or emotion . Architecture definition : Is what the visitors feel after enter the building, what the architect want them feel bad, good kindness. (Bond, 2017)
Building Exterior
Building interior
Building view
In project : Building interior : Factors : colors : color can express the mood , happiness can be shear by using powerful colors, fig(116). Also use black and gray scale colors to make visitors express the feeling of sadness. Light : Light can be used to effect on people’s feeling . Building exterior : Factors : Material : Material of building can gave a n image of the mood that will express inside. Building view : Factors : landscape : landscape can use to shear a mood by specific element .
•
Fig ,116(landscape mood Gallery For Architecture)
.
Attitude : The way the person view art to behave toward it.
Emotional :
•
Is the person emotional response for art or project
•
Example :
• •
The Jewish Museum: Architect change people’s mood to sad to only deliver a message through the interior color , exterior design and the total view ,fig(117).
Fig,117(Sadness,Seabury , 1979) .
88
Design issues
•
5.9 Interaction General definition : Connection happen between two or more objects. Architecture definition : It’s the design discipline devoted to creating relationships between people, (Architecture needs to interact, 2017). Interaction in project : Need to design workshops zone with interaction between people , sharing experiences , more connect with visitors .
Fig,118(Interactive people ,Innia ink)
Strategy : Create plaza that shear experience and increase interaction between people , with bazaars that connect with visitors , Fig (119) bazaars Example : Deaf craft center : Create 3 Node zones for framework and interaction between people. ( "MASS Design Group — Gallaudet University International Design Competition", 2017)
Light circle
Visual commons
plaza (work space) Fig,119(Outdoor interaction zone)
Olmsted court
Sound field
Fig (Interaction zones MASS Design,2017)
Conclusion : Interaction can be solve by design nodes that interact people and share experience , deign plazas that increase the communication.
89
Design issues
•
5.1.1 Visibility : General definition : Clear objects can be seen. Architecture definition : The need for visual communication between visitors, adults and children in the project indicates that visitor behavior can be influenced by the design style of the building and the layout of the exhibits .(Keith Bromley, 2009) . Visibility in project : Project need to use as a gate for the city , museum visible depend on the displays and should be clear. Strategy : Make the project appear from Mediterranean Sea , but from Out side road it will not appear by trying to make it invisible from inside .
Fig,121 (Visibility)
Example : Museum of Islamic art : Architect design building to be invisible from far , no one can see building from inside unless from near place or sea side ,fig(122-123).
Sea view
Fig,122 (Museum views far view , Nicky Brookes)
Road view Fig,123(Museum views , Guneet Khurana ,2012)
Conclusion : Visibility is an important issue, how the building will appear and how it should be .
90
Design issues
•
5.1.2 Environmental impact :
1. 2.
Environmental impact should be consider in project design , climate change effect on buildings. Project should be energy efficient, like green buildings or sustainable buildings which are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and nature.
•
Surrounding context impact on building :
1.
Sea water desalination : Use sea water as important impact source from site . Desalination is a separation process used to reduce the dissolved salt content of saline water to a usable level. (Bradshaw ).
Filters remove suspended solids and other particles that would interfere with the process.
Reverse osmosis membranes separate dissolved minerals and other from water
Minerals and chemical are added to produce water meet health.
Fig,124 (Desalination chart ,Bonds,2012)
•
Impact of the building on the surrounding context : Project height may impact by providing shading for the context.
•
Energy efficiency : The way to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. For example, insulating a home allows a building to use less heating and cooling energy to achieve and maintain a comfortable temperature. Contain 5 major element : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Building design. High efficient fabric. ventilation system. Eco equipment . Rewnable energy.
91
Chapter VI
Case studies
6.1-International Antarctic Center 6.2-international Centre for cave 6.3-King Abdul-Aziz center for world 6.4-The World Expo Museum 6.5-Jewish Museum. 6.6-The Louvre Abu Dhabi 6.7-Heydar Aliyev Center 6.8-Awadh Shilpgram crafts hub 6.9 Al-Foustat culture & traditional crafts center 6.10 Luxor culture center
92
Case studies
6.1 International Antarctic Center •
6.1 Project Background: Architects: A team led by Alberto Moletto, Cristóbal Tirado, Sebastián Hernández and Danilo Lagos Location : Punta Arenas, Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region, Chile. Area : 19000.0 m2
•
6.1.1 Background : Fig,125(3d shot of the project , Valencia ,2017)
The Antarctic International Centre is a special project of a mixed building where elements of a different nature are intersected and joined to the creation of a single pocket that gives a new meaning to where it was found: Punta Arenas, which will turn the city to a focus point if the world.(, Valencia ,2017)
•
Context :
Coastal edge
Terminal
Coastal edge
Project area
Coastal edge Port side
Plaza
Fig,126(project location to context, Valencia ,2017)
•
6.1.2 Concept: The main concept is to Design building make the Antarctic’s gate for the world and to make the project the gateways for west Antarctica ,fig,(127).
Fig,127 (bird view ,Valencia,2017) 93
Case studies
6.1.3 Zoning :
•
3 Stories , above the ground with path that become a balcony for the project, the exhibition zone hall from the center of the plan , Including museum for the culture of city ( Animals ) , auditorium , shops , and activity zones ,fig(128/129).
Fig,128 (zoning, Valencia ,2017)
•
Auditorium Shops Museum Auditorium Parking
Fig,129 (zoning, Valencia ,2017)
6.1.4 Circulation :
1. Main entrance from first floor for parking and pedestrian walkways . 2. 3 stairs for entrance from shore for boats ,fig(130) .
Fig,130 (circulation,Valencia,2017 94
Case studies
▪ 6.1.5 Structure system : ▪
The main entrance of the project has been elevated to avoid excavating on sandy terrain, for vehicle and pedestrian access and transport. project stand on pillars to can effort the soil of context ,fig(131).
Fig,131 (section shown the structure system , Pimento ,2017)
▪ 6.1.6 Elevation : ▪
From airport volume of light appear like a floating building over the city , the edges of building make it different to know building elevation and geometry ,fig(132).
▪ 6.1.7 Design issues :
Fig,132 (Main elevation on the sea , Pimento ,2017)
▪ 1.
Circulation : Vertical circulation : for vertical circulation architect solve it by a ramp , fig(133). 1. Horizontal circulation : 3 entrance one for vehicles lead to parking , pedestrian walk ways and shore entrances for boats , all 3 entrances lead only to one entrance for building to not be confused for the visitors ,fig(134)
Fig,133(circulation in the section)
Parking entrance
3 shore entrances Fig,134 (circulations in plan , Pimento ,2017)
95
Case studies
2.
Image : Building design to be a landmark and gate for city so the architect design building to appear like floating from far away and play with elevation to use the light so no one can imagine what the geometry of the building
3.
Interaction : Project didn't achieve the interaction on the project , there is no activity nodes which make a communication between people .
4.
Structure : Building try to avoid drilling so use pillars and deign building as a ramp with balcony
â–Ş
Conclusion : Project provide a landmark for the city by make the geometry very different , but with more interaction zones that encourage for sharing experience. Use structure that suitable for the context the soil type
96
Case studies
• 6.2 international Centre for cave •
Project Background: Architects: Snohetta and casson mann Location : south western france, Year : 2016
•
Background : The museum is located between the forest-dense hills and the agricultural valley of Vizer.(stevens, 2017)
•
6.2.1 Concept: The main concept is to make visitors live in the experience of the the prehistoric Lascaux cave paintings . (stevens, 2017)
•
Fig,135 (boegly + grazia photographers,2016)
6.2.2 Zoning: Main zone of the project is the museum , other zones divide to 3 zone ,one for education , 3d theatre, offices and technical labs ,fig(136).
Key Plan
Ground floor plan Fig,136(zoning in plan, snøhetta,2016)
Entrance museum Offices services Rest area 3d theatre
97
Case studies
•
6.2.3 Circulation:
1. Only one main entrance which lead to connect with linear lines . 2. Then lead to museum zone or 3d theatre . 3. Museum circulation take curves shapes with specific circulation for the visitors ,fig(137). Entrance circulation Museum circulation
Fig,137 (circulation in plan, snøhetta,2016)
•
6.2.4 Structure : Building use truss structure for building
Green roof Green roof
Fig,138(section) Ramp
museum
98
Case studies
•
6.2.5 Design issue :
1.
Circulations :
1.
plan has one entrance but circulation is very confused because building divided to 2 zone direction.
2.
Museum circulation is clear and the way of circulation is specific by the architect with the start and end points ,fig(139).
2.
Mood :
Entrance circulation Museum circulation
Fig,139 (circulation, snøhetta,2016)
Architect deliver a mood of cave for the visitors throw the interior design
3.
interaction Museum design increase the inter action between people . Also education zones will increase the communication ,fig(140).
Conclusion:
Fig,140(section,steven,2016)
Project used the context as the main shape and inspiration , increase more interaction between people and make people live the story of the museum by a easy way
99
Case studies
6.3 King Abdul-Aziz center for world Project Background:
•
Architects: Snoehetta Typology: Cultural Center Size: 45,000 sqm. Construction start: Autumn 2009 finish 2016 Location : Saudi Arabia
•
•
Background : The project is expected to open in 2015 but structure contain for one more year , Strong case of visible cornerstone arrangement of longitudinal section . main stone will contain for underground level to distribute load for soil , (BOJOVIC ,2014), Fig (141).
6.3.1 Concept:
Fig 141(MARIJA BOJOVIC ,2014).
The project idea is inspired from natural of the city (desert ) so architect design project as pebbles or rocks leaned on each others which support by the main Rock which carry loads for the foundation ,Fig (142).
•
6.3.2 Zoning:
Fig,142 (MARIJA BOJOVIC ,2014).
Main 5 zones consider as one project with main keystone structure system, fig(143)
Key Plan
Great Hall Theater Museum & library Knowledge Tower Keystone
Layout plan
Fig,143(layout zoning ,bojovic ,2014)
100
Case studies
Case studies
Ground floor plan Project including Museum , exhibition hall, library , cinema and auditorium which contain 930 seats , opera for the important events and musical lectures hall . With green space for every zone ,fig,(144).
Keystone Green zone Administration Great hall Auditorium Secondary entrance Children discovery Zone
Fig,144 (zoning in plan,bojovic,2014)
•
6.3.3 Circulation:
•
1. Only one entrance which lead for all zones . 1. 2. More than 4 spirited zones in the same building ,fig(145) . 3. Vertical circulation :stair .
Circulation: The typical floor has a library and a small auditorium hall , With unique circulation pattern ,fig(146).
Loading area
Fig,146(library circulation,bojovic,2014)
Fig,145(circulation,bojovic,2014) 101
Case studies
• 1. 2.
6.3.4 Elevation analysis: The Ground floor has a main entrance lead to A great hall linked the all activities to gather. Different high for each zone with different geometry ,fig(147). Tower Theater Great Hall Keystone Museum & library
•
Elevation materials :
Fig,147(elevation,BOJOVIC ,2014)
There are two main element , using shading element like a veil cover the exterior of the building and protect interior from the climate of the city , Second material is insulated weather tight layer .During the event of remaining the informs elements the stone has been suspended within the public areas under ground (BuroHappold Engineering ,2015 ) Fig,148 (conceptual sketch,BOJOVIC ,2014)
•
6.3.5 Structure analysis: Building separate to main 2 layers , the envelope and structure of the project . For construction used concrete and column with steel support structure of roof (walls and free forms ). The envelope consist of two element Weather tight isolated and sun shading elements . (BuroHappold Engineering ,2015 ) Adoptable c.Holders allow movement.
Fig,149 (MARIJA BOJOVIC ,2014).
Adoptable Bolts .
102
Case studies
Sustainability:
•
Because of the high temperature of the city so façade need to provide energy to achieve interior cooling system . Flattened pipe to generate brisesoleils ,easily permit open windows that allow natural ventilation ,air movement and natural light , that will allow 100 passive solar for the building. (BuroHappold Engineering ,2015 )
6.3.6 Deign issues
• 1.
3.
Fig,150 (MARIJA BOJOVIC ,2014).
Image : Building designed to be a landmark which it success with a unique design . building achieve the identity of the city by inspire the shape of the building from the desert ,fig(151). Environmental impact :
(Fig,151)
The problem of high temperature of the city to solve the problem by are two main element , using shading element like a veil cover the exterior of the building and protect interior from the climate of the city , Second material is insulated weather tight layer fig(152). 4.
Interaction 3 separated zone without any interaction between people of each zone , Every function has it’s own geometry shape like a Individual project. (Fig,152)
2.
Circulation issue :
1.
One main entrance , which will not confuse the visitors. A clear circulation .
2.
Conclusion Design buildings with spirited zones but with interaction nodes that provide it’s the same building. Also respect the context of the site .
(Fig,153) 103
Case studies
6.4 The World Expo Museum: 6.4.1 Project Background :
•
Architects : ECADI Location : Shanghai, China Area :46550.0 m2 Project Year : 2017 Fig,154 (shao feng ,2017 ).
•
Aim of the project : To show the strength of the city through ab expo museum that host cities . So BIE have discussed many times with Shanghai municipal government since the closing of World Expo 2010 in Shanghai.
•
6.4.2 Concept: To design the first international museum w for city and expo . The building is taken as a container carrying all happy memories of mankind and collecting beautiful yet transient memories
•
6.4.3 Context:
Fig,155 (shao feng ,2017 ).
The project is located in the area of 2010 Shanghai World Expo, south of the Bund Riverside Park and north of urban secondary trunk road of Longhua East Road.
•
6.4.4 Mass study :
1. 2.
The museum, covering 46,000 square meters . The building will be composed of two areas ,the historic “River Valley” and the “Happy Cloud” , that symbolize “Expo Memory” and the “City Life,” the two core concepts of the museum. The Valley will be the main attraction with five floors an underground level.
3.
Fig,156(shao feng ,2017 ).
104
Case studies
•
6.4.5 Zoning :
1. 2.
Main component will be the main exhibition hall of the museum The Cloud will be in the middle of the building and will include rooftop gardens, temporary exhibition halls and public services areas. The two parts will be attached together by bridges.
3.
entrance outdoor space exhibition Temporary exhibition Lecture halls library shops
exhibition Roof garden Auditorium offices Development area
Project main component :
•
• 6.4.6 circulation : 1. 2.
Project has 2 entrance which will not be clear for visitors . Entrance hall lead to small lobbies then to exhibition,fig(158)..
Fig,158(circulation in plans,shao feng ,2017 ).
105
Case studies
•
6.4.7 Deign issues :
1.
circulation issue :
2. 3.
2.
Project has 2 entrance which will not be clear for visitors . Entrance hall lead to small lobbies then to exhibition .
Mood : The building is taken as a container carrying all happy memories of mankind and collecting beautiful yet transient memories.
3.
Image : Building designed to be a landmark which it success with a unique design . Fig 159(shao feng ,2017 ).
4.
Flexibility : Building is transformable , it has a temporary exhibition which can be added or removed for , more space .
Temporary exhibition
106
Case studies
6.5 Jewish Museum, Berlin
• •
Project Background : Location : Berlin, Germany Architect: Daniel Libeskind Project Year : 1999
•
6.5.1 Aim of the project : Project was based on three conceptions. First, the impossibility of understanding the history of Berlin without understanding the enormous intellectual, economic and cultural contribution made by the Jewish citizens of Berlin. Second, the necessity to integrate physically and spiritually the meaning of the Holocaust into the consciousness and memory of the city of Berlin . Third, that only through the acknowledgement and incorporation of this erasure and void of Jewish life in Berlin, can the history of Berlin and Europe have a human future.
•
Fig,160(cyrus Penarroyo)
6.5.2 Concept: Project represents Jewish history and culture throughout the history of Berlin and its absence in the present-day city. The architect want to deliver a massage of suffering.
•
6.5.3 Zoning :
1.
Main component will be the main exhibition hall of the museum The Cloud will be in the middle of the building and will include rooftop gardens, temporary exhibition halls and public services areas. The two parts will be attached together by bridges..
2.
3.
Fig,162(PLANS, Cyrus Penarroyo) 107
Case studies
â–Ş
6.5.4 Circulation The first route takes visitors to a dead end at the base of the Holocaust Tower, a 79-foot-tall concrete silo. The second corridor takes visitors to the outdoor Garden of Exile. The third and longest path goes up the Stair of Continuity and Into the permanent exhibitions. A vast linear void cuts across these zigzagging paths to symbolize absence The main Entrance is from the old museum
Fig,163(circulation, Cyrus Penarroyo)
108
Case studies
•
6.5.5 Section:
•
Elevation analysis:
Fig,164(section ,jmberlin.de, 2016)
The voids in exterior skin, while random, are uninterrupted - as if the angles which form the sharp edges of the building do not exist. If you flatten out the facade of the building, the sides appear as a continuous surface. a strip windows that slash through the zinc panels, projecting dramatic displays of light onto the walls,(Shingleton,2013). Old building The new building
No access or doors from the bulling
Fig,165(elevation, Shingleton,2013)
•
6.5.6 Structure analysis :
1.
The walls of the museum structure the entire building, eliminating the need for columns or interior load bearing walls and allowing for a free museum plan
2.
Reinforced concrete was cast-in place to create the structure
3.
And use wrapping in reflective steel cladding. For exterior.
109
Case studies
•
6.5.7 interior design : The interior spaces are extremely complex. Libeskind’s formulated promenade leads people through galleries, empty spaces, and dead ends. A significant portion of the extension is void of windows and difference in materiality. It is a symbolic gesture by Libeskind for visitors to experience what the Jewish people during WWII felt, such that even in the darkest moments where you feel like you will never escape, a small trace of light restores hope,fig(166)
•
6.5.8 Deign issues
•
circulation issue : 1. 2. 3.
•
Fig,166(interior,jill,2013)
Clear one entrances. Clear circulation . Connection circulation between old building and new one.
Image : Building designed to be a mystery from the outside.
•
Mood :
• •
Emotional: Architect change people’s mood to sad to only deliver a message through the interior color , exterior design and the total view ,fig(117).
110
Case studies
•
6.6The Louvre Abu Dhabi 6.6.1Project background:
•
Architects : Jean Nouvel Location : Abu Dhabi Project Year : 2016
•
Aim of the project : The new design, which was conceived in 1988, a year before the Berlin Wall came down, was based on three conceptions that formed the museum’s foundation. First, the impossibility of understanding the history of Berlin without understanding the enormous intellectual, economic and cultural contribution made by the Jewish citizens of Berlin. Second, the necessity to integrate physically and spiritually the meaning of the Holocaust into the consciousness and memory of the city of Berlin. Third, that only through the acknowledgement and incorporation of this erasure and void of Jewish life in Berlin, can the history of Berlin and Europe have a human future.2
•
Fig,167(shot, halbe,2017)
Fig,168(interior shot,halbe,2017)
Concept: A microclimate that would give the visitor a feeling of entering a different world. The building is covered with a large dome, a form common to all civilizations
111
Case studies
Zoning:
•
The waterfront building is no less of a draw, consisting as it does of 55 low, white buildings (containing 23). galleries, temporary exhibition space, a children’s museum, and auditorium Park Galleries Entrance & admi Restaurants & marina
Dome Shading
Restaurant Exhibition Collection treatment Galleries Check points Children museum Administration
•
Mass analysis : Fig,169(plan,Wy,2017)
Fig,170(masses)
112
Case studies
•
circulation: 2 main Entries to the museum and an axis from the sea.
•
Section:
Fig,171(circulation plan, wy,2017)
Section showing the height of the dome toward the galleries The Dome Gallery hall
Palm park
113
Case studies
Structural System :
•
The dome structure consists of 85 the dome sits atop of 120 temporary support towers, which will be later on disassembled and removed leaving the dome, as initially designed, resting on four main piers only. The inner building Built with rainforest concrete structure Fig,172(photography,Domage,2017)
Deign issues Image : 1. Building designed to show the Arabic architecture through buildings by modern ways. 2. Use mashrabya by the modern way in the shade .
▪
circulation issue : 1. Clear entrances with clear circulations. 2. 2 entrances .
▪
Environment impact : Use shade dome to reduce from the sun light .
Fig,173(elevation, halble,2017)
114
Case studies
6.7 Heydar Aliyev Center 6.71 Project Background:
•
Architects : Zaha Hadid Architects Location : Baku, Azerbaijan Area : 101801.0 m2 Project Year : 2013
•
Fig,174(Hufton ,2014)
6.7.2 Background : Project design establishes a continuous, fluid relationship between its surrounding plaza and the building’s interior. The plaza, as the ground surface; accessible to all as part of urban fabric, rises to envelop an equally public interior space and define a sequence of event spaces dedicated to the collective celebration of contemporary and traditional Azeri culture.
Fig,175(Zhukov , 2016 )
•
6.7.3 Concept: The main concept is to Design building make the Antarctic’s point of entry for the world and to make the project the gateways for west Antarctica .
Fig176(Zhukov , 2016 )
115
Case studies
•
6.7.4 Zoning: consists of three buildings, a conference center with auditorium and halls, a museum and a library, connected via an interior space and the curve and “fluid” outer skin that winds throughout the structure. The complex also houses a restaurant and a parking. Multi purpose Museum area Auditorium entrance Loading area Stage Secondary entrance
Fig,177(plan)
Auditorium Library Office Service room Stage Open Space
• 6.7.5 Sections : Fig,178(plan)
Fig,179(sections)
serves Back stage Meeting room Exhibition lobby storage Activity zone
Auditorium Back stage Center lobby Learning zone Library storage Activity zone
116
Case studies
▪ 6.7.6 Elevation analysis:
▪
6.7.7 Structure system: concrete structure combined with a space frame system. curved space frame structure supporting solid external and internal envelope
•
External skin : Solid external skin: Fiberglass reinforced phigher than datum at approximately 3 m above ground level. Arabian Profile. Color match with off-white fiberglass reinforced concrete panels achieved by using a gelcoat layer with special mixture for visible faces. olyester rain screen cladding panels to roof
Fig,180(external skin,Hufton ,2014)
Fig,181( external skin (Hufton ,2014)
117
Case studies
6.7.8 Deign issue Safety
Hazards: Fire
Reasons:
Because not Appling the fire safety rules during welding operation (Merlin Fulcher ,2012)
Damage:
The damage was in the exterior of the building the fire mainly on the ceiling and only 1000 square meters of the roof was damaged The fire did not reach the interior of the building which didn’t cause any damage to it.
Fig,182(fire,Merlin Fulcher ,2012)
Martials: Because the roof built with a fireresistant martials it prevent the fire from reach to the inside or to damage the structural martials
Fig,183(fire Merlin Fulcher ,2012)
118
Case studies
▪ 6.8 Awadh Shilpgram crafts hub •
6.8.1 Project Background : Architects : Archohm Location : Baku, Azerbaijan , India Project Year :2014
•
6.8.2 Background : The buildings developed for the complex are intended to form a collage of shapes and materials that references the chaotic composition of the urban bazaars found throughout the region.Fig(184).
Fig,184 (Griffiths,2016)
From an entrance courtyard, a spiraling structure lined with craft shops leads visitors gradually towards an open plaza at the centre of the curving building. (Griffiths,2016)
•
6.8.3 CONCEPT: The unique concept along with the form, scale, materials and elements that render the architecture give an iconic building to the city of Nawabs.
•
The Aim : The aim is to provide local craftspeople with a place where they can share ideas, teach, learn and sell their work directly to customers. The eight-hectare site is located close to a major highway in a rapidly developing area of the Uttar Pradesh region's capital city. (Griffiths,2016)
Fig,185(Griffiths,2016)
119
Case studies
•
6.8.4 Zoning: designed to accommodate almost 200 shops dedicated to crafts from around the region and beyond, alongside craft courts for hosting workshops, an amphitheater, an exhibition hall and a food court
Fig (Griffiths,2016)
•
6.8.5 Sections:
The open area at the center of the complex contains a stepped amphitheater that incorporates planted beds. A paved ramp provides access to the upper level, which looks down towards the circular stage. stepped amphitheater
stepped amphitheater
120
Case studies
•
Sections: Outside of the main spiral building, a cluster of stone-walled structures with rounded turfcovered roofs provide demonstration areas where artisans can conduct workshops observed by groups seated on benches incorporated into the inner walls.
•
6.8.6 Circulation: An elliptical form enables a smooth cornerfree circulation It narrows down while spiraling inward, and emulates the density and vibrancy of traditional Lucknowi bazaars, which have streets that get progressively narrower."
•
6.8.7 Sustainability: Perforated stone jali screens traditionally used to channel cool air into the rooms of Indian buildings are incorporated into the steel frames of the double-height arches, which allow entry to the circulation space at ground-floor level The arch, being an important architectural element of the architecture of the city of Luck now, is introduced as a skin to the inner face of the buildings and used for shading.
Fig,187(Griffiths,2016)
Fig,186(Griffiths,2016)
121
Case studies
•
6.8.8 Deign issues
1. Environmental impact : The design include a lot of arches that was a historical relation to the place and it also make a huge shading for the interior building .with cooling paneled that cooling the air and insure air motion in the building. Use local and traditional martials make the building economy and need a small amount of maintenance. 2. Interaction : project achieve the interaction between people by workshops that shear experience and shops for people ., 4.
â–Ş
Fig,188(Griffiths,2016)
circulation : Circulation of the project is clear identified and easy with main entrances and elliptical forum that specify the circulation.
Conclusion : project express the identity and culture of the city . With achievement of the environmental impact in the project.
122
Case studies
•
6.9 Al-Foustat culture & traditional crafts center 6.9.1 Project Background :
•
Architects :Gameel Amir Architect Location :Cairo, Egypt Area : 2400 m2 Project Year :2001
•
6.9.2 Background : The building is established by Architect Gameel Amer, a disciple of the late Egyptian architect and early proponent of sustainable, traditional architecture, Hassan Fathy. It commensurate with the construction of the historic and architectural character of the area in terms of harmony with the sky line, which abounds with towers, domes of mosques, churThe Crafts Centre has long been a gathering place for artists and craftsmen from many countries. Besides the workshops the center houses a museum for porcelain ceramic artists in Egypt, including "The Wizard of pots," Nabil Darwish, Mervat Al Swaify. It includes as well a hall for seminars, presentations and ceremonies and places for visiting artists. ches and other historic buildings.
•
6.9.3 Project concept :
•
Design inspired from the context of Fustat with traditional materials and shape The main goal of the center is to keep the traditional crafts from extinction and train a new generation of potters and craftsmen who are willing to acquire a profession
Fig,189 (cyrus Penarroyo)
Fig,190(cyrus Penarroyo)
123
Case studies
•
6.9.4 Zoning: A project designed for the study of the traditional crafts of pottery and ceramics. The building is 2,400 square meters and consists of workshops, lecture areas, dormitories, exhibition galleries, glazing rooms, offices, a multi-purpose hall, and guest rooms for artists, all of which are centered around a series of open air courtyards. Exhibition Corridor Shops Lecture area office
• Material :
Entrance Gust rooms courtyard Multi-purpose hall Glazing rooms
Fig,191 (plan,)
Stone, wood and brick were used extensively while reinforced concrete was kept at minimum. The use of environmentally friendly martials was of absolute importance and was extensive use of original forms such as domes, vaults and cross vaults.
• 6.9.5 Section:
Use of domes and mashryas for air motion with the use of shokhshikha shokhshikha
• 6.9.6 Deign issues : 1.
Vaults
Fig,192 (section,)
Image : Building achieve the identity of the context by using traditional materials and typical forum .
2.
Environmental : Building deigned with vaults, domes and wind catchers to have a natural ventilation
124
Case studies
6.10 Luxor culture center •
Project Background : Architects Hassan Fathy Location :luxor, Egypt Project Year :1970
•
Background : The project in partially built near sidi al wahsh. The main hall is a large complex and it is naturally ventilated and cooled by a huge wind catcher . But it was meaningless because the wind catcher was closed which make the roof with no function.(fathy,2017)
•
6.4.1 concept: The concept was represent pharaonic and Islamic architecture , Pharaonic in the Hight of building and Islamic by using the ventilation techniques through wind catchers and cross ventilation(fig,194). Fig,193 (Luxor temple ,Ibrahim,2009)
(Fig,194 ) 125
Case studies
•
6.4.2 Zoning: Key Plan Art gallery Closed theater Open theater Library Drawing studios Lecture hall backyard Courtyard workshops
fig,195 (zoning plan,fathy,2017)
• 6.4.3 Circulations: The building is Flexible in movement through the spaces because of the nodes and the main paths. But its hard to move between spaces and activities ,fig(196).
• 6.4.4 Section:
fig,196 (circulation plan,fathy,2017)
Showing the Use of vaults and wind catcher in the closed theater and how the ventilation move in the building and the open theater in the other side ,fig(197). Closed theater Open theater
Fig,197 (section,fathy,2017)
126
Case studies
•
Section:
Closed theater
Art gallery
Library
(Fig,198 )
• Sky line: The skyline emphasize the Egyptian culture image and use of wind catcher represent the Islamic architecture history ,fig(199).
Fig,199 skyline of project,fathy,2017)
• Openings: Building openings represent the Islamic architecture ,wide doors , openings and small openings ,fig(200).
fig,200(openings in elevation ,fathy,2017)
• 6.4.5 Deign issues Environmental impact & Energy Efficiency: The building totally ventilated naturally through wind catchers which creating air cross circulation. Which make the building with no need for any AC devices ,fig(120).
Image: The building inspirit from the ancient Egyptian architecture that give character to the building and it reflects to visitors the ancient Egyptians ,fig(202).
Legibility:
fig,201ventilation ,fathy,2017)
The building is clear to the people in the way to find axis and the circulation With a lot of landmarks like the tom b and the theater ,fig(203).
(Fig,203)
Conclusion : Project deal with the surrounding historical sites and respect the typical skyline in the project Fig, 202(Luxor temple ,longwell ,2009) 127
Chapter VII
Program Studies
• 1.0-Program Studies 1.1-Program components • 1.2-Project zoning • 1.3-Space requirement • 1.4-Technical standards • 1.5-Design guidelines • 1.6-Design Constraints
128
Program studies
1. Program Studies
•
1- Investors :
1
The need of investors resolved With An investor area Commercial Including shops and water front.
2- Touristic :
Investors 2
Touristic
The need to Encouraging the tourists to come to Rashid by telling the history of the old city by A memory museum with an large Exhibition hall
3 Youth
3- Culture heritage : A library including all books of all eras of Rashid. With auditorium for the Cultural seminars and multi activities.
Culture heritage
4
fig,204(diagram showing the program studies,authors,2017)
3- Youth : The need for workshop for training and improving their arts with shops.
Office building Craft
1.1 Main component : • • • • •
Memory museum Craft Office building Auditorium Water front
Memory museum Auditorium
fig,205(diagram showing the main components,authors,2017)
129
Program studies
Main component : 1.
Administration :
Should have separated entrance than other components. • • • • • • • •
Administration offices Meeting rooms Manager office Secretary offices Storage Archive Cafeteria Toilets
2
Entrance & lobby :
The first impression of the building and the social area where it organize between the spaces and each other. • Information Desk • Waiting area • Lounge • Plaza
fig,206
3
Museum :
A way of showing or telling something that includes a lot of information and covers a wide view of different cultures • Memory Exhibition spaces • Gallery • Interaction hall • Ticket room • Monuments storage • Work room
4
Workshops :
• • • •
Workshop spaces Café Labs Rest room
130
Program studies
• 5
Main component : Out door : A great location on the Nile and fresh air is the best choice for outdoor spaces
• • •
Waterfront Out door exhibition Cafe
6
Cultural :
• • •
Auditorium Library foyer
▪ 1.2 Project Zoning :
Fig,207 (lighting studies,neufert,2012). 131
Program studies
1.3 Space requirement : 1- Administration : No
No. of space
Space / Activity
Minimum number of people using the space *space required per person
Area (m2)
1.0
4
Offices
8 X 2.6
150M2
1.1
2
Meeting room
8X2.6
45M2
1.2
1
storage
4X2.2
15M2
1.3
1
Archive
6X3.2
20M2
1.4
2
Toilet's
1.5
2
1.6 1..7
8X .8
40m2
Staff room
10 X 2.6
50M2
1
CafĂŠ
20X2.5
50M2
1
Manager office
5X2.8
15M2
2- Entrance & lobby : No
No. of space
Space / Activity
Minimum number of people using the space *space required per person
Area (m2)
1.0
1
Lobby
30 X 4.2
130M2
1.1
1
lounge
40 X4.2
170M2
1.2
1
Plaza
40 X5
200M2
1.3
1
Information desk
10X1.8
18M2
132
Program studies
3- Museum : No
No. of space
Space / Activity
1.0
4
Memorial halls
1.1
1
1.2
Minimum number of people using the space *space required per person
Area (m2)
100 X 9.5
1900M2
Main hall
50X 9
450M2
1
Ticket room
8X 2.8
20M2
1.3
2
gallery
50x8.5
800m2
1.4
1
Storage
1.5
1
W.C
8X.8
40M2
1.6
1
Operation associate
6x3.8
20m2
Space / Activity
Minimum number of people using the space *space required per person
30M2
4-Workshops : No
No. of space
Area (m2)
1.0
2
Workshop
40X2.1
160M2
1.1
2
Labs
25 X 2.1
100M2
1.2
1
cafe
30X4.8
150M2
1.3
1
W.C
8X.8
40M2
1.4
1
Rest room
14X2.8
40M2
1.5
6
Shops
20X4.8
600M2
133
Program studies
5 No
Cultural : No. of space
Space / Activity
1.0
1
Auditorium
1.1
1
1.2
Minimum number of people using the space *space required per person
Area (m2)
300x .5
150m2
Stage
30
50m2
1
Foyer
150
80m2
2
Changing room
20
40m2
1.3
1
W.C
50
40M2
1.4
1
Library
100
200m2
134
Program studies
▪ 1.4 Technical standards: ▪
Lighting studies :
• Exhibition hall should be no direct daylight falling on monuments . • It should provided with flexile lighting system
Fig,208 (lighting studies,neufert,2012).
▪
Memory hall:
135
Program studies
Auditorium studies: ▪
Seats dimensions
• Seats must e fixed according to places of assembly regulation . Minimum dimensions are not allowed for auditorium ,fig(209), .(neufert,2012).
Fig,209 (seats dim ,neufert,2012).
▪
Proportion for the auditorium:
• The obtained from the spectator perception and viewing angle as well as the requirement for a good view from all seats, .(neufert,2012).
Height : Determine the height of the proscenium • proscenium height 1 • Proscenium height 1.6 Theater up to 200 seats have 8 ceiling height
Fig,210 (theater studies,neufert,2012).
Office Dimensions : A space required for workspace With furniture areas • Work area & table • Passages • Furniture function area • Movement space
Fig,211(office dim,neufert,2012). 136
Program studies
Library Dimensions : â–Ş
Space requirement for bookshelves depends on the form of organization accessibility for users . Format separation and construction grid ,fig(211), .(neufert,2012)
Fig,211 (Dimensions of bookshelves ,neufert,2012).
137
Program studies
1.5 Design guidelines:
•
lobby lobby must connect the component with a clear axis pass can fit the numbers of visitors
•
Museum Good oriented with indirect daylight Be away from the workshop area . Design a temporary exhibition to display different crafts and cultures.
•
Workshops Away from the main street and library
•
Auditorium Entrance foyer can fit the number of visitors
•
•
Library away from noise places and the entrance lobby with oriented to north for clear sun light.
Toilets
oriented to the south handicap must e consider in the toilets
138
Program studies
•
1.6 Design Constraints: The site has only one main road so the main entrance will be only in this street. (Fig.212).
(fig,212)
The site is strategic location on the sea which consider as the second main entrance for the project and an opportunity to make a marina for ships and boats . (fig.213).
(fig,213)
Site connection : To achieve the project target ,should connect site with the surrounding activities and crafts such as fishing , boat manufacturing , palm boxing and furniture ,fig(214).
Site connected to city by the main road, direct connection to the Mediterranean sea , Nile drain into the sea and the surrounded agriculture land , fig(215).
fig,215(connections) (fig,214) 139
Chapter VIII 7- Sustainability 7.1-Environmental system 7.2-Economic system 7.3- Social system 7.4-Principles of Sustainable Design 7.5-Bream
Sustainability
Sustainability
•
â–Ş
7.Sustainability Sustainable architecture : architecture needs to reduce the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency energy and material . Definition : Sustainable architecture uses a conscious way to energy and ecological conservation in the buildings design. (Jin Kim,1998) Three pillars of suitability : 1. Environmental . 2. Economic . 3. Social .
Fig,216 (Sustainable goals,entreprises, 2017)
7.1 Environmental system : The aim of environmental sustainability is to save natural resources and develop thermal energy sources while reducing pollution and damaging the environment,(kin kim,1998). Definition : Is the proportion of renewable resource harvesting, pollution creation, and depletion of non-renewable resources that can last indefinitely. Types : 1. Resource of management . 2. Environmental protection . 3. Pollution preservation Sustainable design strategies : 1. daytime lighting 2. indoor air quality 3. natural ventilation. 4. energy efficiency. 5. embodied energy. 6. water conservation, and renewable energy. Impact on project : Environmental sustainability will effect on building design , by using solar pattern , covering shades or others system .
Economic
Fig,217(mohamdy,2017)
Impact on Site: Site surrounded by agriculture land which prevent to use a type of material in construction taken from the context such as wood or use the context in structure system . 141
Sustainability
7.2 Economic system : ▪
Definition :
▪
Is the economy ability to support a certain level of economic production indefinitely("Definition of Economic Sustainability", 2017)
▪
Types :
1. 2. 3. 4.
Economic growth . Cost saving . Cost of living. Long ring planning . Impact on project : Economic system will save cost of energy , Water and waste of the project Impact on Site : Economic system will effect on the context of how the project will help for economic growth of the city by using the local crafts as a production that the city famous by .
▪
Case study : Taichung City Cultural Center Competition Entry: Location : Taichung Gateway Park. Architect : RMJM . The main concept of the project is to achieve sustainable in the building’s organization. The strategy design of passive solar energy is combining of direct gain and natural ventilation. • Building design to achieve environmental and economic sustainability by using a natural ventilation , natural cooling , daylight covered with a cloud reduce the energy that used in the building to economic and also achieve environmental ,(Furuto,2013).
Green roof
Sun shading cladding
Solar panel
Economic Air circulation
Recycle material
Fig,218(detailed section,furuto,2013)
Atrium Air circulation
Light wells
Internal light Sun shading cladding Green roof
Green roof Solar panel
Wind passage way Open natural
Fig,219(section showing the natural ventilationFuruto,2013)
142
Sustainability
7.3 Social system : It is based on the aim of the decision promotes the betterment of society. Definition : It’s the community ability to develop process not only meet the curtain generation butt also the future one, (The Brundtland Commission, 1987). Types: 1. Quality of live. 2. Education. 3. Community. 4. Equal opportunity .
▪
Impact on project :
Fig,220(diagram showing social system)
social sustainability stems from actions taken in the social sphere of individuals and communities, including building capacities and skills development to environmental and equal opportunity of job .
▪
Impact on Site : for the site context need to attract tourist for the site through the sea also to for workshop the main target to attract the local village of Rosetta to start sharing and learn others local crafts and start to work .
▪ ▪
Fig,221(MASS Design)
Case study : Deaf craft center :
Conversation circle
All the project is design for social aspect, Architect focus on spaces that make interaction and social communication. sharing experience and crafts. It’s divided to interior zones as shown in Fig (222) and exterior zones shown in Fig (223).
Shading paving
park Narrow road ways
Fig,222 (MASS Design)
▪
Fig,223 (MASS Design)
Conclusion : To achieve the social aspect should know the need of people and the site need , make more communication between others, and create a job opportunities .
143
Sustainability Sustainability
â–Ş
7.4 Principles of Sustainable Design : Principle 1: Economy of Resources Principle 2: Life Cycle Design Principle 3: Humane Design 1. Principle 1: Economy of Resources : 2. Reduces the use of nonrenewable resources in the construction. 3. There are three strategies : energy conservation, water conservation, and material conservation.
1. Energy Conservation : Architecture buildings need a constant flow of energy input during its operation after construction. 2. Water Conservation : Buildings need water for the purposes of drinking , cleaning and irrigating plants. water requires treatments , which need energy. 3. Material Conservation :
â–Ş
Re use old material . After construction, a low-level flow of materials continues in for maintenance, replacement, and renovation activities. Consumer goods flow into the building to support human activities. Methods for Achieving Economy of resources : Energy Conservation
-Energy-conscious urban planning. -Alternative sources of energy -Passive heating and cooling. - Avoidance of heat gain or heat loss. -Use of low embodied-energy materials.
Water Conservation
Reduction: - Indigenous landscaping - Low-flow showerheads - Vacuum-assist toilets or smaller toilet tanks. Reuse: - Rainwater collection - Graywater collection
Material Conservation
-Material conserving design -Proper sizing of building systems. -Rehabilitation of existing structures -Use of recycled materials and components. -Use of nonconventional building materials
144
Sustainability Sustainability
Economy of Resources Methods :
•
Reuse old building
1. Energy conscious urban planning : 1. Encouraging redevelopment of existing sites and the adaptive reuse of old buildings. 2. Climatic conditions determine orientation . 3. Allowing people to live near their workplaces. 2. Energy-Conscious Site Planning : 1. Use of natural resources on the site. 2. Buildings can be located relative to water onsite to provide natural cooling in summer. 3. Passive Heating and Cooling : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Houses Work place
Solar radiation incident on building surfaces . Shading in summer. Evaporative cooling. Thermal mass. Climate responsive. Natural ventilation .
4. Materials with Low Embodied Energy : 1. Building materials vary with respect to how much energy need to produce. 2. Using local materials will save transportation energy. ▪ 1. 2. 3. 4.
Materials Conservation : Adapt Existing Buildings to New Uses. Incorporate Reclaimed or Recycled Materials. Size Buildings and Systems Properly . Reuse Non-Conventional Products as Building Materials.
• Principle 2: Life Cycle Design : A performance based process to assessing the impacts building material on the environment. It consider over a building’s lifetime from harvest of raw materials through manufacturing, transportation, installation, use, maintenance and disposal or recycling .
145
Sustainability Sustainability
▪
Method of achieving principle 2: Life Cycle Design Pre-Building
-Use Material : - Recycled. -Recyclable. - made of renewable resources. - harvested without ecological damage -Reduce energy needed to distribute materials.
Building
-Reduce site impact. -Provide waste separation facilities. Use nontoxic materials to protect construction workers and users. -regular maintenance
Post-Building
Economic
--Adapt existing building to new users. -Reuse building materials. -Recycle building materials. -Reuse the existing infrastructure.
• Principle 3: Human design: •
Economy of resources and life cycle design deal with efficiency and conservation, humane Economic design is concerned with the livability of all constituents of the global ecosystem, including plants and wildlife. It consist 3 principles :-Preservation of Natural Conditions , Urban Design and Site Planning , Human Comfort . Preservation of natural Conditions .
Urban design site planning
-The impact of design on nature.
-Avoid pollution contribution.
-Respect topographical contours.
-Promote mixed use development
-Preserve existing plant .
-Create pedestrian ways. -Integrate design with public transportation
Human comfort Economic design
-Provide thermal, visual, and acoustic comfort. -Provide visual connection to exterior -Provide operable windows -Provide clean, fresh air
146
Sustainability
â–Ş 7.5 Bream : The method for master planning projects, infrastructure . It recognizes and reflects the value in higher performing assets across the built environment lifecycle, from new construction to in-use and refurbishment. (Ferguson Brown Sustainability,2003). Impact on building : Help achieve a sustainable building that is friendly to the environment.
Case study : MET OFFICE, EXETER:
Fig,224 (Breeam )
The Met Office’s building in Exeter, 2003 . The building was designed to minimize its overall environmental impact , and providing a comfortable work place. Energy The lighting system is automated to ensure efficient use. the energy contract specifies 10% of energy from renewable sources and 15%. Water To reduces the impact of surface water drainage discharges ,use sustainable urban drainage system (SUDs). The system directs rainfall from the car park areas and the building into two storage ponds. This water is then filtered and used for bathrooms . (Ferguson Brown Sustainability,2003). Transport The main concept is to reduced single occupancy car use , these include a bike pool, a car sharing scheme. Waste A waste minimization and recycling program in place. Breeam in building : 1. the building scored 100% in the Transport. 2. Waste categories, 84.2% in Pollution and 83.3% in Materials. 3. Building management, the building scored 100% in the Management, Materials, Water, Pollution, and Land use, and 92.5% in Health .
Fig ,225(Met office,Brown,2003)
147
Sustainability
â–Ş LEED: LEED is a tool that measures the environmental performance of a building. providing verification that a building or community was designed and built using energy efficiency : energy savings, water efficiency, improved indoor environmental quality. (canada Green Building Council) LEED is flexible and apply to all building types .
Impact on building : Will achieve energy efficiency in building with energy building saving .
Fig ,226(Green Building Council)
Example : Johnson Diversey Building located in Sturtevant, Wisconsin 1997 . It is a three-story mixed-use facility, 70% is office space and 30% is research laboratories. Concept was based on greenbuilding principles, such as high energy efficiency, extensive use of natural lighting by using LEED. . (canada Green Building Council) Conclusion : in general suitability can be applied in all buildings types .The way of balancing to achieve human needs with saving natural environmental , economic sustainability with reduce for energy .
148
Chapter VIIII
Individual work
Basel Rafat
149
Individual work
Basel Rafat
Mission : Mission Aims to create touristic destination for the city throw creating project that encourage the tourists to visit the city which create a new gate for international and investment to Egypt in general and Rashid in specific .creating a place for the people needs to create and work . In order to development the od city and give the hope back.
Vision : Is to use the opportunities as a hope for development of Rosetta By using the historical importance of the city.
Objective : The main objective of the craft & culture heritage hub is to represent: • revival of the historical value of the city • Tourism destination for the old city by connected with the international world • Create a jo opportunity to the local craft worker and an expiation for their creativity • Offering a place to tell a story of the historical city to the world .
150
Individual work
Basel Rafat
Concept I : Concept inspirit from Rosetta urban pattern which forum from the slums that surrounded the hall city of Rashid which had different patterns. Take the advantage of the wood of palm that popular in Rashid in a roof structure To make A landmark for the old city
Rosetta urban pattern forum from the slums
which
Transfer it to circle of slums
One forum Layout
Layout
Stepped Structure system covered the museum
151
Individual work
Basel Rafat
Technical studies I : Aperture Facade Installation Aperture is used to connect physically with the visitors inside building or in open spaces . It’s contain a opening diameter led which make the interaction and lighting movement . This diameter reading the movement of things and translated it to lighting and also it translate movement into wall faces so person in the other side can see the movement and see the light which make a connection between people and increase the interaction of the project zones as shown in concept one main shot . (Blinkenlights, Berlin 2001).
Fig,227(Aperture Facade Installation)
The main concept to use it in museum zone to achieve the journey of the story Fig,228(Aperture Facade Installation)
Fig.229 (perture Facade Installation) 152
Individual work
Basel Rafat
Concept II : Concept Inspirit from waterfront line of the city , solid and void which create a spine into the water that integrate building and water front directly into the water . 1
2
Triangular forms
Cultural
3
Make a transition in form and be stepped
Floating in water
4
Final form
Museum
Auditorium Workshops
Plaza
Layout
3D shot
153
Individual work
•
Basel Rafat
Technical studies II : Floating technology: Using concrete platform for construction floating structure is come prefabricated modules, with installed , these modules are arranged together to form the platform over water, put a steel reinforcement, then concrete mix is cast over the platform , this process happen in site , (KATARZYNA JASKIEWICZ). It can be supported by pillars to carry more loads . Also can use a wave breakers in front of the project to make it more stable
Fig,230 (Carlos Moseley)
Inspiration project : BARGEWORK - FLOATING OFFICE : The concept was to create a small floating offices pavilion on the river by using a floating concrete platform.(katarzyna jaskieicz)
Economic
Fig,231( katarzyna jaskieicz)
Fig,232 (katarzyna jaskieicz) 154
Individual work
Basel Rafat
Concept III : Ship manufacturing: Rosetta is famous of ship manufacturing. Concept is to use it as inspiration by using the shape of the boat sail as the main cover structure for the building roof , which supported by steel cables
Conceptual layout
3D sketch
155
Individual work
•
Basel Rafat
Technical studies III : Fabric glass: Ship manufacturing is a very important crafts in Rosetta so can use this idea by design a tent that cover building like soil of the ship. use fabric structure as a tensile member structure that cover project from exterior as a double skin for building .Use it as a saddle roof .(mazen el sayd ,2017 ). Structure system : For base plate connect it with concrete plate , or by carbon steel , especially cables . Advantages : flame retardant high temperature resistant uv resistant easy to seal easy to clean
Fig,233 (Carlos Moseley)
Fig,234(terrace restaurant)
156
Chapter VIIII
Individual work
Marihan Khaled
157
Individual work
Marihan khaled
▪ Mission : •
The main mission is seek to prevent through the project to create a land mark place that express the city of Rosetta , it’s historical value and culture crafts , which will turn the city to an international touristic destination. That will not develop only the tourist of the city but also will effect on economic development .
▪ Vision : The main target of project is the economic development of the city by attracting tourist and increase products of local crafts .
▪ Objective :
• • • • •
Express the identity of Rosetta through it’s culture and historical identity . The reflected culture on the people crafts. Express the important location of Rosetta to the world Job opportunities for People of Rosetta. Turn the city to a landmark place.
158
Individual work
Marihan khaled
â–Ş Concept I : city of million Palm the city of Rosetta has many local crafts Rosetta has known as the city of million palm. The city of Rosetta has many local crafts ,but of the residents of Rosetta working in palm cultivation . Use the shape of the palm in plan and structure system by using tree column (shape of palm ) to express of the identity of the city. , consider as the shape that express of the people .that will lead to internal destination and more interactive from the people of Rosetta with the project . Also will express for the international tourist the reflected of culture on the crafts .
1. 2. 3.
Main port from the Mediterranean sea. Use sea view for all zones . Cross ventilation .
159
Individual work
Marihan khaled
▪ Technical studies I : • Tree structure : Structure system can inspiration from biomimicry and the context of the site Tree column structures ( umbel structure ) is carrying the load through branches and translated it to trunk then foundation . one branch contents a tubular poles which connect with trunk. They are carry compression load of the roof . The branches of the column distribute the load to smaller poles point which transfer it to foundation . (Flamur Ahmeti, 2007). The total load is transfer on one point and from there load transfer by one member to the point of support, the point of application of the interaction force that provides the overall balance. Structure applicable in museum zone cause it can carry long space roof and inspired from the context.
Fig,235 (sketch of palm tree column 'crown,istructe, 2016)
Economic Fig,236 (Tree structure ,istructe, 2016)
Fig,237( istructe, 2016) 160
Individual work
Marihan khaled
â–Ş Technical studies I : Main support is contain from four attached poles which spread to the tree branches , then every one have 4 sub-branches which support the roof . To design a tree column can support the holding roof with a large span , depend on the column foot print. (Flamur Ahmeti, 2007).
Fig,239(main tubular supports)
Fig,240( secondary nodes ,2007) Fig,238(Cross section of the tabular column made of steel, 2007)
Economic
Inspiration : Nine Bridges Country Club : Project used a timber roof with wood tree column, wooden columns are arranged in a vertically climbing and curved curve to become horizontal members on the surface forming hexagonal shape
Fig,241(sketch of palm tree ( istructer, 2016)
Fig,242 (palm Tree(column istructer, 2016) 161
Individual work
Marihan khaled
â–Ş Concept II : Islamic building hierarchy 1.
Rosetta has passed through a deferent areas. The most important eras that made a change in Rosetta are Othman , Mamluks and Abbasid eras .
Othman era Spiral minaret .
Abbasid era Spiral minaret .
Mamluks era domes motifs .
2.
Take in consider the main objective of each eras and connect them in one plan to represent the total historical eras .
3.
Interior of the building will tell the story of that eras , to make the visitors live the experience of that era.
Sea
Economic
Museum crafts Administ ration
Entrance plaza
Use deign as heritage building with see view . Central courtyard plaza for n
162
Individual work
•
Marihan khaled
Technical studies II : 3D mapping The projections interact with his movements . Make people live Rosetta story through Interactive Installation. Held a special interactive installation which conceptualized Rosetta history , making references to both the virtual , real worlds, and the natural flow of life within time and space. (mapping city . (Creative Technology,2017 ) Fig,243 (3d mapping city ,Creative Technology )
visitors will be able to "walk around freely through a space surrounded 3D light of the monuments of Rosetta and walk around to see the all direct of the monument , that’s will gave information about all the historical site which will encourage International visitors to explore the city It is dived to 2 system : 1- Represent a virtual Rosetta time line eras . 2- Depending on the movements of the spectators , which give 3d models .
Economic
Fig,244(projection mapping demos ,Paul Roberts 2017 )
Project Technical : The system interacts with the audience in museum Zone , each movement creates a reaction which tell story of historical of Rosetta by 3D mapping which might be interesting for the visitors, leaving the impression of an "eye-catching"
163
Individual work
Marihan khaled
Concept III : Wave breakers 1.
2.
Connect is inspired from wave breaker that surrounded Nile side and Mediterranean sea. Use it in the forum as a wind breaker , natural ventilation. Make the main view of the forms open to Coastal countries like a gate for Rosetta .
1 Spirit zones
2 Use different heights
Fig,245(“The Wave-Breaker� - a novel approach to computer aided design,2017)
3 Transfer zoning to wave breaker
as a reflection for sun
shape with reflection forms
4
Spirit zones with different height that achieve the reflection form structure
1-Design a building with roof that in the direct line of the sun to reduce the effect of sun on the building . 2-Museum Form like a gate for the project .
164
Individual work
โ ข
Marihan khaled
Technical studies III : 1. For Interior : Under water tube zones : Design underwater building as a first phase for the project to use the importance of the site (sea vie)
Structure : Concrete tubes and hanging out to surface of the building . Surface Pontoons would hold up the tubes, and connecting trusses would keep them stable . Also bolt tubes with the bedrock below, for extra stability. Aarian Mashall ,2016)
Fig,246(underwater pipe ,Hansen Design)
Economic
2. Technical study for exterior : Sensor shading : Use pattern Islamic to be presented a double faรงade enclosure with integration of PV panels as shading screen which have sensor to open or close with sun day light , also providing for air circulation and natural ventilations for the building .
Fig,248(shading pattern ,Headquarters & Conference Hall / BINAA) Fig,247 (shade pattern ,MILLER) 165
Individual work
•
Marihan khaled
Suitability :
Economic sustainability in project : Economic can apply in project by using touristic approach thought museum and local crafts. Reduce energy. Social sustainability in project : Design a workshops to make more interaction , shear the experiences of people with more awareness for the community.
•
Inspiration :
Fig,249 (Sustainability types, rdbarchitect).
Taichung City Cultural Center Competition Entry Background : Located at Taichung Gateway Park. This design proposal by RMJM with a vision to lead in innovation and technology. Sustainability : Concept of the project to achieve environmental and economic sustainability by using a natural ventilation , natural cooling , daylight covered with a cloud that reduce the energy that used in the building to economic and also achieve environmental ,(Furuto,2013).
Cloud structure
Economic
Fig,250(detailed section,furuto,2013)
Green Roof
Wind passage
Atrium Air circulation
Light wells
Internal light Sun shading cladding Green roof
Green roof Solar panel
Wind passage way Open natural
Fig,251(section showing the natural ventilationFuruto,2013)
166
Individual work
•
Marihan khaled
Concepts Models:
Concept I
Concept II
Economic
Concept III
167
Chapter X
REFERENCES
168
References
• REFERENCES: •
Chapter I
1. Project preparing the general strategic plan and the detailed plan Of the city of Rashid Lake Governorate, (2007.)retrieved from; http://gopp.gov.eg/wp-content/uploads/2014/09 2. M. EL-RAEY1∗, Y. FOUDA2 and P. GAL2, (n.d). GIS for environmental assessment of the impacts of urban encroachment on Rosetta region, EGYPT . 10.1023_2FA-1006195006898.pdf 3. S.S. Zubir, C.A. Brebbia, (2013).The Sustainable City VIII (2 Volume Set): Urban Regeneration and Sustainability,. 4. Ministry of Culture - Supreme Council of Antiquities.(2003). Retrieved from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1831/ 5. Building authority, (2006), The strategic plans of the Egyptian cities .strategic plan - city of Rasheed. 6. L.Saleh.(2011) Rosetta ,(Rashīd) Mediterranean City :Past, Present & Future of a living Heritage .Retrieved from :http://library.tee.gr/digital/ker/ker_m311/ker_m311_lamei.pdf . 7. K.Mohamed .(2016). Traditional Architectural Heritage and Management: Rashid, Heritage City . 8. J.Csapro, (2012). The Role and Importance of Cultural Tourism in Modern Tourism Industry, Strategies for Tourism Industry - Micro and Macro Perspectives, Dr. Murat Kasimoglu (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0566-4, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/strategies-fortourism-industry-micro-and-macroperspectives/the-role-and-importance-of-cultural-tourism-inmodern-tourism-industry.
•
Chapter II
1. Ministry of Culture - Supreme Council of Antiquities.(2003). Retrieved from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1831/ 2. L.Saleh.(2011) Rosetta ,(Rashīd) Mediterranean City :Past, Present & Future of a living Heritage .Retrieved from :http://library.tee.gr/digital/ker/ker_m311/ker_m311_lamei.pdf . 3. K.Mohamed .(2016). Traditional Architectural Heritage and Management: Rashid, Heritage City . 4. G.Ebru, Y.Kamil and P.Ige .( 2008). PRESERVING CULTURAL HERITAGE AND POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: CASE OF İZMİR . 7-10 . Ritreved from :http://www.regionalstudies.org/uploads/networks/documents/tourism-regional-development-andpublic-policy/gunlu.pdf. 5. Port-City. (2018). Archdata.org. Retrieved from http://www.archdata.org/buildings/382/port-city. 6. G. Rossana. (2005). Urban Regeneration Process: The Case of Genoa , an example of integrated urban development approach .18-21. 169
References
7. M. Gaspar ,P. Sara and M. Gema. (2007) . CTUR IN ALICANTE SPAIN . Focus on the CTUR hosting city.4-11. 8. Port City Colombo Master Plan, Colombo .Verdict Designbuild. Retrieved from : http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/port-city-colombo-master-plan-colombo/ 9. The Canary Islands may be the new Aberdeen of the Mid-AtlanticWorldoil.com. Retrieved from http://www.worldoil.com/news/2015/12/09/the-canary-islands-may-be-the-new-aberdeen-of-themid-atlantic.
•
Chapter III
1. Ministry of Culture - Supreme Council of Antiquities.(2003). Retrieved from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1831/
•
Chapter V
1. C.Francis .(2007). ARCHITECTURE Form, Space, & Order Third Edition ARCHITECTURE Form, Space, & Order Third Edition. Academia.edu. Retrieved from :https://www.academia.edu/14899938/ARCHITECTURE_Form_Space_and_Order_Third_Edition_AR CHITECTURE_Form_Space_and_Order_Third_EditionA. Sully.(2015). Interior Design: Conceptual Basis, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-16474-8_2. 2. F.Alison.(2013) .Sejong Art Center Competition Entry / H Architecture + Haeahn Architecture. ArchDaily. Retrieved from:https://www.archdaily.com/380542/sejong-art-center-competition-entryh-architecture-haeahn-architecture. 3. flexibility in architecture. (2017). the way we live. Retrieved 27 December 2017, from https://thewaywelive.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/flexibility-in-architecture/. 4. C. WaclaW. (2014). Durability of buildings and sustainable architecture . 5. flexible adaptable urban habitat | designboom.com. (2017). designboom | architecture & design magazine. Retrieved 27 December 2017, from https://www.designboom.com/project/flexibleadaptable-urban-habitat/. 6. J.Michael.(1991).Evaluation of a conceptual model of architecture legibility . Environmental and behavior .vol 23. 7. Scale and Proportion .The Architect’s Domain. Life of an Architect. Retrieved from : https://www.lifeofanarchitect.com/scale-and-proportion-the-architects-domain/. 8. C.Megan. (2017).Harmonic Proportion in Architecture: Definition & Form | Study.com. 9. Luo, Jianxi and Baldwin, Carliss Y. and Whitney, Daniel and Magee, Christopher L., The Architecture of Transaction Networks: A Comparative Analysis of Hierarchy in Two Sectors (January 30, 2012). Industrial and Corporate Change, Forthcoming; Harvard Business School Finance Working Paper No. 11-076. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1752369 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1752369 . 170
References
10. S.Karolina .(2012). Architectural Identity. Architecture Meaning, Discussion .Retrieved from :https://www.e-architect.co.uk/articles/architectural-identity 11. The Architecture of Convenience - An Architectural Critique. (2017). Archplanbaltimore.blogspot.com.eg. Retrieved 27 December 2017, from http://archplanbaltimore.blogspot.com.eg/2014/07/the-architecture-of-convenience.html 12. Secure / Safe | WBDG Whole Building Design Guide. Wbdg.org. Retrieved from : https://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/secure-safe 13. C.Mark.(2009). Personalized Building Comfort Control. MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. 14. B. Michael.(2017). As more of us flock to urban living, city designers are re-thinking buildings’ influence on our moods in an era of “neuro-architecture. 15. Architecture needs to interact. (2017). Domusweb.it. Retrieved 27 December 2017, from https://www.domusweb.it/en/opinion/2011/06/22/architecture-needs-to-interact.html 16. MASS Design Group — Gallaudet University International Design Competition.Competitions.malcolmreading.co.uk. Retrieved from : https://competitions.malcolmreading.co.uk/gallaudet/shortlist/mass-design-group. 17. B. Keith.(2016). Visibility Architectures: The ABCs of Network Visibility. Visibility Architectures: The ABCs of Network Visibility. Retrieved from https://www.ixiacom.com/company/blog/visibilityarchitectures-abcs-network-visibility 18. A. Flamur , (2007). Efficiency of Lightweight Structural Forms: The Case of Treelike Structures - A comparative Structural Analysis. MSc Program "Building Science & Technology“ . Page 21-33. Retrieved from : http://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/bsct_ahmeti.content.pdf. 19. Bird, C. (2017). Shearing Layers – Part 1 physical buildings – EA Voices. Eavoices.com. Retrieved 27 December 2017, from https://eavoices.com/2013/08/25/shearing-layers-part-1-physical-buildings2/ 20. : Koseoglu, E., & Onder, D. (2017). Subjective and objective dimensions of spatial legibility. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
•
Chapter VI
1. S.philip,(2017). nternational centre for cave art by snøhetta opens in south western france. Ritrived from : https://www.designboom.com/architecture/snohetta-casson-mann-lascaux-iv-internationalcentre-for-cave-art-montignac-france-04-03-2017/. 2. silver rabbit: atlantic city holocaust memorial. (2017). designboom | architecture & design magazine. Retrieved from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/silver-rabbit-atlantic-cityholocaust-memorial/ 3. our Bibliography: REISARCHITETTURA · WINE CULTURE CENTER. (2017). Divisare. Retrieved from https://divisare.com/projects/267381-reisarchitettura-wine-culture-center. 171
References
4. Sejong Art Center Competition Entry / H Architecture + Haeahn Architecture. (2017). ArchDaily. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/380542/sejong-art-center-competition-entry-harchitecture-haeahn-architecture. 5. ArchDaily. (2018). Avadh Shilpgram / Archohm. [online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/793889/avadh-shilpgram-archohm . 6. ArchDaily. (2018). Heydar Aliyev Center / Zaha Hadid Architects. [online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/448774/heydar-aliyev-center-zaha-hadid-architects [Accessed 2 Jan. 2018]. 7. Will Hurst, Braidwood, E., Richard Waite, & Braidwood, E. (2012). Fire damages Zaha’s Baku cultural centre. Architects Journal. from https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/fire-damages-zahasbaku-cultural-centre/8633547.article. 8. Top 7 Places to See in Europe Before You Die - Travel With. (2018). Travel With. Retrieved 3 January 2018, from http://travelwith.org/top-7-places-to-see-in-europe-before-you-die/0 9. www.jmberlin.de. (2018). Carol@Travel. Retrieved 3 January 2018, from https://caroltravelwriter.wordpress.com/2014/02/21/www-jmberlin-de/
10. Shingleton, V. (2018). Decomposing the Star of David: Daniel Libeskind's Jewish Museum in Berlin. Cea-seminar.blogspot.com.eg. Retrieved 3 January 2018, from http://ceaseminar.blogspot.com.eg/2013/02/decomposing-star-of-david-daniel.html 11. Louvre Abu Dhabi / Ateliers Jean Nouvel. (2018). ArchDaily. Retrieved 3 January 2018, from https://www.archdaily.com/883157/louvre-abu-dhabi-atelier-jean-nouve
12. World Architecture Community. (2018). World Architecture Community. Retrieved 3 January 2018, from https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-
•
Chapter VII
1. N.Peter and Ernst .(2012) . Neufert architect’s data . 2. J.Panero and M.Zelnik.(2001).Time
172
References
•
Chapter VIII
1. LOWE, Jack and WATTS, Norman (2011). An evaluation of a Breeam case study project. Sheffield Hallam University Built Environment Research Transactions, 3 (1), 42-53. 2. R.Amany. E.Hisham . R.Ghada . Green architecture : A concept of sustnability . Social and Behavioral Sciences 216 ( 2016 ) 778 – 787 . 3. K.Jong ,and R.Brenda , (1998). Sustainable Architecture Module: Introduction to Sustainable Design National Pollution Prevention Center for Higher Eucation. Retrieved from http://www.umich.edu/~nppcpub/resources/compendia/ARCHpdfs/ARCHdesIntro. 4. G.David Grierson and M.Carolyn . Architectural Design Principles and Processes for Sustainability: Towards a Typology of Sustainable Building Design .vol5.
•
Chapter VIIII
1. J. Letizia , T .Anna , (2008) . Software Engineering Issues in Interactive Installation Art. 2. A.Mazen . (2017) . The tent structure system .The national Ribat University. 3. A. Flamur , (2007). Efficiency of Lightweight Structural Forms: The Case of Treelike Structures - A comparative Structural Analysis. MSc Program "Building Science & Technology“ . Page 21-33. Retrieved from : http://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/bsct_ahmeti.content.pdf. 4. Roberts, P. (2018). 15 projection mapping demos that will blow your mind. Creative Bloq. Retrieved 3 January 2018, from http://www.creativebloq.com/video/projection-mapping-912849 5. Blinkenlights, (2001) .Optimizing the Familiar StrangerAperture Building Façade . Berlin. 6. M.Aarian , (2016) . YES, A 'SUBMERGED FLOATING BRIDGE' IS A REASONABLE WAY TO CROSS A FJORD.
173
174