THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
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Intro Body Headings Body
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...only through closer partnerships today can vector-borne disease be defeated tomorrow
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Executive Summary
Bayer Environmental
The first test of this new ethos will be LifeNet™,
Science, a division of
which was submitted to WHOPES for evaluation
Bayer CropScience, has
in mid-March 2010.
been working in Africa for
LifeNet™ will not just complete our transformation
decades, providing the
into a total solutions provider but also form part
technology and expertise
of a support framework that reaches out to
behind the majority of
communities, NGOs and donors alike to educate,
vector control products that protect millions of
train and, crucially, learn from their experiences.
people in Sub-Saharan Africa. From Research and
We believe that only through closer engagement
Development to supporting partners and other
with the people who rely on our products their full
manufacturers, we are proud to play our part in the
benefits can be realised.
enormous strides already taken against vectorborne diseases like malaria, yellow fever, African
We look forward to this new phase in our
Sleeping Sickness and dengue fever.
business and forging an even closer relationship with Africa. In the struggle to eliminate vector borne
However, there is still a long way to go, which is
disease worldwide we hope it will make a real
why we are changing; evolving into a total solutions
and lasting difference.
provider and becoming more directly involved not just in how our products are developed but also used. Underpinning this transformation is what we call ‘Life Matters’. Life Matters concerns two separate but equally important objectives; the saving of lives and the
Gunnar Riemann
quality of lives lived. It is an ambitious and far-
Member of the Executive Committee
reaching strategy that covers everything from
of Bayer CropScience and President of the
marketing and distribution to education and training.
Environmental Science Division Worldwide
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
CONTENTS
Heading Contents
Intro Global Expertise
05
Bayer: Science for a Better Life Body Headings
06
Body In the Community
09
Insecticide Resistance Management
31
The Issues
32
Resistance Management in Practice
33
Future Proof Vector Control
34
Training
10
Education
13
Partnerships
14
Why LifeNet™, Why Now?
38
Sustainability
16
The Value of LifeNet™
39
Malaria
Introducing LifeNet™
17
Protecting Tomorrow…Today
35
41
Background
18
Introduction to Life Matters
42
A Complete Portfolio
21
Protecting Tomorrow
43
Total Vector Control
22
...Today
44
Tools & Solutions
25
Neglected Tropical Diseases
27
Not Neglected, Not Forgotten
28
Dengue, Yellow Fever & Rift Valley Fever
29
Chagas Disease, Schistosomiasis, Leishmaniasis & African Sleeping Sickness
30
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
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GLOBAL EXPERTISE
Global Expertise Bayer: Science for a Better Life
Intro Body Headings Body
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In 2008 Bayer CropScience invested â‚Ź649 million in research and development
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Bayer: Science for a Better Life
Bayer is a global enterprise with core competencies
Environmental Science provides a range of
in the fields of healthcare, nutrition and high-tech
products for professional use in the control of
materials.
insects and others pests responsible for the transmission of diseases such as malaria, African
Bayer CropScience AG, a subsidiary of Bayer AG
Sleeping Sickness, chagas, yellow fever, dengue,
with annual sales of over €6.4 billion(2008), is one
encephalitis, filariasis and schistosomiasis.
of the world’s leading innovative companies in the
There are also effective products for the control
areas of crop protection, non-agricultural pest
of nuisance mosquitoes in urban areas as well as
control (Environmental Science), seeds and plant
for locust & grasshopper control. From R&D to
biotechnology (BioScience), it employs over 18,000
marketing, distribution and education, our
people in more than 120 countries.
company remains committed to fighting
Although its three business groups –
vector-borne diseases.
Crop Protection, Environmental Science and
This brochure outlines the main vector
BioScience – meet the needs of very different
control activities undertaken within
markets, their efforts are highly complementary.
Environmental Science.
Bayer CropScience has an extensive network of global research facilities, benefiting from field-testing facilities across multiple regions that allow us to evaluate future products under local climatic conditions. This dual awareness is further strengthened through partnerships with technology companies and universities, searching for newer, more effective tools, technologies and solutions and learning how best to apply them in a local context.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
GLOBAL EXPERTISE
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Intro Body Headings Body • Bullet • Bullet
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
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in the Community
In the Community Training
Intro
Education
Body Headings
Partnerships
Body
Sustainability
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“
Strong partnerships are key to the elimination of tropical diseases Professor Dr. Friedrich Berschauer, Chairman, Bayer CropScience AG
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Training
Training is an essential part of Environmental
For example, when using Indoor Residual Spray (IRS)
Science’s total offering, ensuring that the solutions
or other products, teams are thoroughly trained in
we develop are used with maximum efficacy to
best practice, including:
deliver their full benefits to all stakeholders.
• Correct dosage and application techniques
In line with our stewardship principles, the focus
• Approved protective clothing
is on training local communities and authorities in
• How to calibrate, maintain, clean and rinse used equipment
the correct use of our products. The approach is to
• Correct disposal of surplus spray, rinsing water
deploy teams to ‘train the trainers’. These sessions
and used packaging
aim to share training, methodology and tools so that national malaria and other vector control
All training activities are accompanied by Environmental
programmes have the capacity and knowledge to
Science training manuals and pocket manuals that
develop effective intervention teams throughout
intervention teams can consult when working in the
their country programmes.
field. Another recent example of our experts’ work supporting the community is an entomology training workshop in Angola organised by USAID, Corporate Alliance on Malaria in Africa (CAMA) and Research Triangle Institute (RTI) where Environmental Science provides training tools and funding for the event.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
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Intro Body Headings Body
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
in the Community
Heading Education
Intro Information, education and communication are
We also make use of videos and CDs on issues
central to the success of malaria programmes, Body Headings especially as knowledge of vector-borne diseases
such as vector biology, disease and control measures
Bodythe tools to prevent them varies from country and
information with disease control programmes at
to country. • Bullet
technical and managerial level in an accessible and
for malaria, Chagas and dengue fever, sharing
informative format.
• Bullet programmes usually enjoy popular Effective support, provided communities (and especially
Meanwhile, for disease control managers,
children) accept, understand and use the prevention
Environmental Science sponsors workshops on
tools being distributed. Environmental Science takes
subjects such as resistance management, dengue
an innovative and proactive approach to this.
fever and space spray use. These workshops provide a platform for sharing information, gaining
For example, we have
insights into regional issues and networking with
developed cartoon
various stakeholders.
booklets called ‘K-O Kid and Juma’ to show
Uniquely in the industry, the Bayer Public Health
children how to use
Journal has been issued since 1985. This annual
bednets, prevent being
journal addresses issues relating to vector and
bitten by mosquitoes and
pest control and their effects on public health, with
recognise the early signs of
informative articles that focus on important real
malaria. By understanding
world issues written by experts in the field.
our markets and the differing levels of literacy, such cartoons have been developed to be understood by people of all ages and educational levels.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Partnerships
The fight against vector borne disease relies on
• In 2008 the Innovative Vector Control Consortium
partnerships and Bayer CropScience is committed to
(IVCC) and Bayer CropScience entered into a
this approach at every level. From multi-stakeholder
formal partnership. Working with the London
initiatives with governments and NGOs, to research
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the
projects with universities and initiatives between
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, we are
communities, suppliers and healthcare workers - all
actively developing longer lasting indoor residual
have their role to play and all require careful nurturing.
spray formulations and developing new active ingredients to aid in resistance management.
Our collaborative approach reaches from R&D
• Bayer CropScience is a member of Corporate
through to training and facilitating sustainable
Alliance on Malaria in Africa (CAMA), the only
development with key customers. Here are just
member directly involved in research and
four examples of how partnership programmes are
development of malaria control interventions.
contributing to current Vector Control Initiatives,
• In partnership with Netmark, a USAID funded
primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa.
programme, Bayer CropScience developed technologies for the insecticidal treatment of finished nets. We have facilitated production setups with a number of African manufacturers in Nigeria and Tanzania and others are underway. • Bayer CropScience is cooperating with the Pan African Tsetse & Trypanosomiasis Erradication Campaign (PATTEC) in the tsetse fly elimination programme across Africa whilst collaborating with other partners in supplying technologies for the treatment of tsetse fly traps.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
in the Community
When it comes to R&D, we are always vigilant that
Environmental Science is a member of the CORE
our products are well suited to the geographical,
Group, The Global Business Council on HIV, TB
epidemiological and entomological settings where
and Malaria (GBC), and represents the private
we work. We collaborate with many research
sector with a delegate on the Roll Back Malaria
centres on the African continent including The
(RBM) Board and the The Global Fund Board.
Medical Research Council (MRC) of South Africa
We are also represented on many international
and the Centre de Recherche Entomologique de
expert committees in the malaria community.
Cotonou (CREC) in Benin. We are continuously
Only by involving our partners at every level can we
working through various trial sites such as malaria
ensure that the products we develop are delivering
Consortium in Uganda and London School of
the expected benefits to all stakeholders, both now
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) in Tanzania.
and in the future.
Our collaboration with these prestigious testing sites and organisations helps our researchers continue to identify effective and appropriate tools for disease control throughout the world.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Sustainability
Environmental Science recognizes that long term
By developing and providing more concentrated
success is only achievable through a commitment
products we reduce waste, storage and reduce
to sustainable development. This relates not only
transportation costs. Reducing the carbon footprint
to the products and services we offer, but to the
is evidenced by our recent moves to encourage
way we, our customers and suppliers conduct
our clients to switch from K-Othrine® WP50 to
our business.
K-Othrine® WG250; reducing the volume shipped by a factor of five. Reducing the use of organic solvents
This is not a new position. Our history of innovation,
and replacing these with water proved another major
education, training and stewardship underlines
step forward in space spray formulations.
our commitment to providing solutions that benefit people, improve health and the quality of life whilst
In addition, we promote the principle of applying
minimizing environmental impact.
pesticides only when and where needed. This focused approach is more beneficial for the
But what do these words mean in practice?
environment and makes better use of the carefully
For us, vector control is about focussing on
developed products. Correct use should also aid
solutions that enhance healthy living conditions
in resistance management and thus prolong the
by reducing the hazards associated with disease
lifespan of our insecticides.
vectors. Environmental Science provides many
Such concerns have also been fundamental in
formulations with long lasting efficacy, requiring
the development of future solutions like LifeNet™
fewer treatments and therefore kinder to the
(see page 35) which have been designed with
environment and more cost effective for both
longevity and sustainability firmly in mind. Indeed,
donors and end users.
these principles now underline everything we do, as indicated by our corporate mission statement of ‘Protecting Tomorrow…Today.’
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
MALARIA
Malaria
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Background
Intro
A Complete Portfolio
Body Headings
Total Vector Control
Body
Tools & Solutions 3
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Malaria kills a child every 35 seconds WHO World Malaria Report 2008
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Background
According to the WHO’s World Malaria Report
improvements in their efficacy, often evolving
2008, in 2006 malaria killed at least 880,000
older technologies to exploit newer delivery
people, 90% of them in Africa, that represents a
systems. We work closely with global institutions
death of a child approximately every 35 seconds.
and malaria communities at local and
However, in recent years, effective vector control
international level to help identify the best
has proven to be a cornerstone in the fight to
course of action and monitor the success of
eliminate or reduce the spread of this largely
vector control programmes.
preventable and wholly treatable disease.
Environmental Science is committed
At Environmental Science we not only develop
to ‘Protecting Tomorrow…Today’. Nowhere
new vector control tools, technologies and
is this principle more relevant than in the field
solutions, we also continually research
of vector control.
0–4 5–49 50–200 >200
Estimated incidence of malaria per 1000 population, 2006 WHO World Malaria Report 2008
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
MALARIA
A Complete Portfolio
Vector control programmes rely on first identifying and then monitoring the vectors being targeted – an enormous challenge given the many species of female Anopheles mosquito responsible for spreading malaria and the changing disease epidemiology and vector behaviour. As a result, individual vector control tools are better suited to some circumstances than
Insecticide Treated Materials
Indoor Residual Spray
Larvicide & Source Reduction
Space Spray
others, with the most effective Integrated Vector Management (IVM), programmes maintaining the flexibility to use any or all available tools as the need dictates. Today, Environmental Science sees itself becoming a total solution provider; fulfilling all IVM needs and covering all major vector control interventions, including Indoor Residual Spray (IRS), space spraying, larvicides, bednet impregnation technologies and Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs).
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Total Vector Control
Effective vector control depends on using the
Peripel® is a permethrin-based insecticide, widely
right tool in the right situation. As a company,
available as an emulsifiable concentrate repellent
our approach is to ensure that all major
and killing agent. Effective against a range of biting
vector control tools are covered by a range of
insects, including mosquitoes, it is primarily used for
dedicated Environmental Science solutions.
the treatment of clothing, tents, bedding and nets.
Insecticide Treated Materials and Long-Lasting
K-O TAB ® 1-2-3 is a do-it-yourself kit that re-treats
Insecticidal Nets (ITM/LLIN/Curtains)
polyester nets to provide protection for at least 15 washes, ensuring those nets already in use deliver a
ITMs can be particularly effective in reducing
longer-lasting insecticidal protection. K-O TAB® 1-2-3
disease and mortality in malaria endemic regions.
was derived from K-O TAB®, which has successfully
Recent trials demonstrated that Insecticide
treated millions of bednets since 1990.
Treated Nets (ITNs) can significantly reduce malaria incidence. Pyrethroid-treated ITMs have
DawaPlus®1, a LLIN produced by Tana Netting
low mammalian toxicity and a rapid, knock-down
Co. Ltd. uses chemistry developed by Bayer
effect on insects. Only pyrethroid insecticides are
based on K-O TAB® 1-2-3 technology; it was the
approved for use on ITNs, with Environmental
result of a public-private partnership between
Science currently providing the insecticides for the
Environmental Science and a USAID funded
LLIN market leaders as well as technologies for the
programme called NetMark (managed by AED).
factory treatment of LLINs.
LifeNet ® is a revolutionary new LLIN under development by Bayer and explored in more detail on page 35.
1
DawaPlus® is a registered trademark of Tana Netting Company Limited based in Bangkok, Thailand
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
MALARIA
K-Othrine® WG 250 is a WHOPES-recommended
Indoor Residual Spray (IRS)
water dispersible granule containing a residual
IRS solutions work best on endophilic and
contact deltamethrin. Packed in unit-dose sachets it
endophagic malaria vectors that rest and feed
is easy to transport, use and has improved residual
indoors. Effective on contact for several months
activity against malaria vector mosquitoes. The
against mosquitoes and other insects, IRS involves
higher concentration significantly reduces transport
coating surfaces with a residual insecticide deposit.
and storage costs. Bayer also has a K-Othrine®
During the Global Malaria Eradication Campaign
WP50 formulation widely used in IRS campaigns.
(1955-1969) and more recently in Southern Africa, IRS was shown to drastically reduce malaria instances.
Larvicide Use & Source Reduction
At Bayer CropScience, we produce several
Source reduction aims to eliminate water-breeding
effective IRS solutions. We are also currently
larvae before they reach disease transmission
working with the Innovative Vector Control
stage. This involves anything from covering standing
Consortium (IVCC) on a longer lasting IRS product
water to better water management, destroying larval
that increases the product’s residuality, drastically
habitats or applying chemical insecticides directly.
reducing both cost and logistics.
Starycide® SC is an insect growth regulator that
Ficam VC is a WHOPES-recommended
interferes with chitin synthesis needed for the larval
insecticide, packed in unit-dose water-soluble
moulting process. Effective against younger larval
sachets. It is based on bendiocarb, a carbamate
stages which die when shedding their cuticula
insecticide recommended for rotational use as a
(exoskeleton) in preparation for moulting.
®
resistance management tool.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Space Spraying Best used in epidemic outbreaks, space spraying is
Aqua K-Othrine 速 is a deltamethrin-based spray
the method of choice for arboviral disease control
utilizing Film Forming Aqueous Spray Technology
transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes such as dengue
(FFAST). Designed for Ultra Low Volume use it
fever complex, yellow fever, West Nile Virus, and Rift
is also ideal for thermal fogging in all climatic
Valley fever. It works by treating indoor and outdoor
conditions.
environments with either mechanically (ULV) or
Aqua-Reslin 速 is a Permethrin + Allethrin +
thermally generated (hot fog) aerosol droplets with
PBO formulation for use with any ULV sprayer.
insecticide content.
With the added benefit of FFAST, it produces an
Most effective in the early morning or early
innovative combination of EW formulation and
evenings, large areas can be treated simultaneously
anti-evaporant that increases the performance.
with hand held or vehicle mounted fogging and ULV machines, or even aerial spraying. However, with low residual effect, breaking the generation cycle requires repeated application with 5-7 day intervals.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
MALARIA
Tools & Solutions
All Environmental Science products are evaluated, specified and usually recommended, by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) Vector Control Tool
Active Ingredient
Product Solution
ITM
Permethrin
Peripel®
ITM
Deltamethrin
K-O TAB®
ITM
Deltamethrin
K-O TAB® 1-2-3
LLIN
Deltamethrin
LifeNet™ (coming soon)
IRS
Bendiocarb
Ficam® VC
IRS
Deltamethrin
K-Othrine® WG 250, WP50
Larvicide* (Not WHOPES evaluated)
Triflumuron
Starycide® SC
Space Spray
Deltamethrin
Aqua K-Othrine®
Space Spray
Permethrin + Allethrin + PBO
Aqua Reslin®
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Photo: Corbis, Public Health Journal, No.19
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Heading
Not Neglected, Not Forgotten
Intro
Dengue, Yellow Fever & Rift Valley Fever
Body Headings
Chagas Disease, Schistosomiasis,
Body
Leishmaniasis & African Sleeping Sickness
4
“
“
Over 1 billion people – one sixth of the world’s population – suffer from one or more neglected tropical diseases Dr. Lorenzo Savioli, Director, Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Not Neglected, Not Forgotten
The term Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) is
Environmental Science experts educate
often and easily misunderstood. ‘Neglected’ refers
communities and authorities on how to minimise the
more to international awareness and financial
risk and spread of these diseases by improvements
muscle than any lack of resolution in the vector
in basic health procedures, environmental
control community.
awareness and even animal husbandry. We are also currently developing new NTD concepts and
In fact, by their very prevalence in some of the
products to improve the efficacy and longevity of
world’s poorest and most remote communities,
our most successful preventative measures.
NTDs demand a significant deployment of Bayer’s resources, including in Africa.
WHO classifies the main NTDs as Chagas disease, dengue fever, yellow fever, Rift Valley
NTDs are often transmitted by different insects
fever, schistosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, and African
or species than malaria, meaning that not all of
Sleeping Sickness. With over 2.5 billion people,
our most successful vector control solutions can
a staggering 20% of the world’s population, at
be leveraged to fight both problems. In cases
risk from dengue alone, we understand that
where NTDs are transmitted by mosquitoes those
determination to fight malaria, a disease more in the
products for Anopheles control have also proven
public focus, should not deter us from the goal of
successful in controlling NTDs like yellow fever
controlling and eventually eradicating all NTDs.
and dengue fever (complex).
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever, Rift Valley Fever
These viral diseases are all transmitted by Aedes
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis affecting
mosquitoes, with dengue posing the greatest global
animals and humans, leading to high rates of
risk, although not being that prevalent in Sub-
disease and death. Although there is a possibility of
Saharan Africa. In general poor housing conditions,
transmission by hematophagous (blood-feeding) flies,
man made water collections and dramatic growth
the vast majority of infections result from direct or
in urban human population all have a major role to
indirect contact with the blood or organs of infected
play in the prevalence of these diseases. However,
animals. Here the use of general mosquito control
understanding biology and vector habits enables us
products can greatly reduce the spread, while public
to choose the best tools for controlling it.
education, better animal husbandry and slaughtering practices all play a key part in reducing risk.
Indoor Residual Spray’s for Aedes aegypti control like K-Othrine® WG 250 provide a good intervention as this vector is indoor feeding and resting. Triflumuron-based larvicides like Starycide® SC used to treat breeding habitats are complimentary and can be used for maintenance. The main intervention used for epidemic outbreak control or quick reduction of building up populations are Space Sprays, e.g. Aqua K-Othrine®. Yellow fever is a key problem for Sub-Saharan Africa, with 32 African countries now at risk despite the wide availability of a vaccine for over 60 years. Found in tropical regions and principally affecting humans and monkeys, it can produce devastating outbreaks which are best prevented and controlled by prophylactic vaccination campaigns.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Chagas Disease, Schistosomiasis, Leishmaniasis & African Sleeping Sickness Chagas disease or American Trypanosomiasis is
Leishmaniasis is present in at least 88 countries
geographically restricted as the name indicates.
worldwide, responsible for around 2 million cases
It is transmitted by kissing bugs (triatominae);
per year and lethal if not treated. It is transmitted by
control of the vector today relies entirely on IRS.
Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia genus sand flies. IRS and treated bednets and curtains are the interventions of
Schistosomiasis, or Bilharzia is mostly prevalent
choice. Space sprays are also effective.
in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has infected more than 200 million people worldwide with the
African trypanosomiasis, also known as African
WHO considering it second in importance only
Sleeping Sickness, is transmitted to humans by
to malaria. A large proportion of its victims are
so-called Tsetse flies (Glossina). The disease is
children under 14, affecting school attendance
endemic in rural areas of 36 Sub-Saharan Africa
and performance. A parasitic disease caused
countries, causing an estimated 50,000 - 70,000
by Schistosoma worms. Schistosoma eggs are
reported human cases per year. Fatal if not treated,
passed through urine or faeces into fresh water
trypanosomiasis is considered ‘tool deficient’,
where they develop into larvae in freshwater snails,
meaning safe and cost effective tools do not
leaving the snail larvae able to penetrate the skin
yet exist for large scale prevention. Deltamethrin
of anyone entering the water. Control is based
and Cyfluthrin (both Bayer active ingredients) are
on drug treatment, improved sanitation, health education and snail control. Applying Bayluscid
widely used as ground or aerial spray. Bayer’s Animal Health has spray-on’s and pour-on’s for
®
WP70, the only fully WHO-recommended
cattle which are also a blood meal source for the
molluscicide, to snail habitats allows us to
flies. Bayer Health Care has medical treatment for
control the disease via its intermediate host.
patients suffering with African Sleeping Sickness.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
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Intro
Insecticide Resistance Management
Insecticide Resistance Management
Body Headings
The Issues
Body
Resistance Management in Practice Future-Proof Vector Control
5
Janet Hemingway, Chief Executive Officer, IVCC
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“
“
Resistance to current pesticides is one of the greatest problems facing us as we work towards reduction and eventual elimination of malaria
THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
The Issues
Curative treatment is only one weapon in the armoury against vector-borne diseases. Just as important is controlling transmission of the disease by vectors (insects, ticks etc.) which still relies on proactive deployment of insecticides. This becomes even more crucial given we have no effective vaccine against malaria and that pharmaceuticals are increasingly threatened by resistance. For prevention, pyrethroids are the most effective
Unfortunately, finding a new mode of action is time
chemical class in vector control currently available.
consuming and expensive. For instance, it costs
They combine a high level of insect mortality at
approximately â‚Ź200 million and at least 10 years to
low dosage with a high safety profile. As we are so
develop a new active ingredient into a market-ready
reliant on this insecticidal group for ITM and IRS,
product. Consequently, it is more cost effective in
plus its wide use in agriculture and general public
the short term to prevent or delay resistance than
health, it is crucial that pyrethroids remain effective.
come up with brand new active ingredients. As a community we need to work together to ensure
However, there is clear evidence that growing
that the existing tools remain effective for as long
numbers of Anopheles species are developing
as possible.
pyrethroid resistance, potentially threatening global efforts to eliminate malaria. Bayer CropScience
Just at a time when the donor community is
is therefore working with other stakeholders on
mobilized, NGOs committed and public opinion
solutions to prevent development of resistance.
energised, Bayer CropScience is determined that
Our approach involves the development of new
no effective vector control tool should be lost to
management strategies using existing tools, to
insecticide resistance.
coming up with whole new modes of action, e.g. new active ingredients.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Insecticide Resistance Management
Resistance Management in Practice
Integrated Vector Management (IVM) is the
One such successful, integrated IRM programme
central pillar of any resistance management
using IRS is a unique multi-stakeholder partnership
programme. It is defined by WHO as a rational
in the Bioko Islands using the carbamate bendiocarb
decision making process for the optimal use of
as a rotational partner to the previously used
resources for vector control.
pyrethroid deltamethrin. Early emergence of knock-down resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids was
In order to successfully implement a long-term
noticed, leaving one of the two vectors surviving the
strategy many factors must be considered,
intervention. The change of the spraying strategy
including:
also enabled the partners to reinforce educational
• Elimination, as far as possible of vector
messages about prevention and treatment of
breeding sites
malaria. Subsequent monitoring of the spraying and
• Good, basic sanitation and upgrading
baseline data showed that the switch to bendiocarb
of living standards
successfully reduced the incidence of malaria even
• Adherence to Insecticide Resistance Management
in this resistance prone area.
(IRM) guidelines and application requirements
These days treated bednets and larviciding is used
• Thorough knowledge of the disease vector
in parallel to IRS interventions. Another approach is
• Responsible product application
to use geographical mosaic application methods,
(right product, right dosage, right place)
as effectively trialled in Mexico using unrelated
There are a number of ways in which countries are
and non cross-resistant insecticides such as
currently managing resistance from an operational
organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates.
perspective; including the sequence of treatments,
The format of each IRM strategy should take into
alternative control methods, rotational insecticide
account the previous history of insecticide use
use, mixtures or mosaic applications.
and confirmed resistance status.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Future-Proof Vector Control
Of course, delaying or preventing selection for
To overcome the growing incidence of insecticide
resistance is the ultimate way forward. In the
resistance, any new candidate compounds have
long-term this might rely on discovering newer,
to demonstrate at least resistance breaking
more effective active ingredients, something Bayer
properties. Compounds that can demonstrate
CropScience is ideally placed to pursue given its
this in initial screening will be subjected to a newly
decades of experience in discovering and
designed screening cascade designed to show
developing pesticides.
efficacy against resistant adult mosquitoes. An interdisciplinary team will select the most promising
One such project involves a collaboration between
compounds for field testing, before a decision on
Bayer CropScience and IVCC (Innovative Vector
their future development can be made.
Control Consortium) to replenish the world’s diminishing supply of Public Health Pesticides
“The development of entirely new active
(PHPs). The screening profiles for agrochemical
ingredients for effective insecticides will be a
insecticides have diverged from those of a PHP,
further breakthrough in our fight against the
leading to an empty pipeline especially for products
insect vectors that transmit malaria.” says IVCC’s
against adult public health pests. The high costs
Chief Executive, Janet Hemingway. “This project
of developing entirely new substances have
is further evidence that by covering initial risk,
discouraged industrial players from exploiting their
we can unlock the profound expertise of the
vast experience in this area in the past. However,
agrochemical industry and bring its special
the IVCC provides invaluable assistance in this
aptitude to bear on one of the greatest challenges
respect by absorbing some of the risk so that
to health in the developing world.”
chemical industry know-how can be put to good use in the cause of public health.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Heading
INTRODUCING LifeNetTM
Introducing LifeNet
™
Why LifeNet™, Why Now?
Intro
The Value of LifeNet™
Body Headings Body
6
{
Randomised controlled trials suggest that the number of malaria cases can be reduced by as much as 50% through coverage of insecticide treated nets Global Malaria Control and Elimination: Report of a Technical Review, WHO January 2008
35
Our goal is to improve the lives of millions...
THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Heading
Intro Body Headings Body • Bullet • Bullet
™
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Why LifeNet™, Why Now?
Of all Vector Control tools, Long-Lasting Insecticidal
The launch of LifeNet™, marks a natural progression
Nets (LLINs) have the greatest potential for effective
in Bayer’s history and ideology, leveraging our
reduction of malaria cases. Trials have shown that
strength in R&D, manufacturing and distribution to
insecticidal nets can reduce malaria cases by as
become a provider of sustainable solutions covering
much as 50%.
all major vector control tools and IVM requirements.
However, by 2008, many African countries were still
Under development for the past 2 years, LifeNet™
far from achieving the universal coverage targets
marks a breakthrough in Insecticide Treated Net
of 80% needed to significantly reduce incidences
technology. Made from polypropylene, with the
of the disease. Bayer CropScience is committed
active ingredient deltamethrin incorporated into the
to using its technical knowledge and successful
filament, as opposed to coating it later, LifeNet™
track record in innovation to help shape the next
will aim to be strong, light, soft and longer lasting.
generation of LLIN technologies. LifeNet™ will
We believe it will make a real and significant
mark the realisation of this commitment.
difference in the fight against malaria and all vector-borne diseases.
We have played a crucial role in the development of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) since their
But this is not the whole story…
introduction in the 1980’s; from factory treated ITNs to field retreatment kits such as K-O Tab® 1-2-3. Today our insecticides are used in the majority of all ITNs, yet up to now there has never been a Bayer-branded net.
38
THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
INTRODUCING LifeNetTM
The Value of LifeNet™
In changing the way bednets are perceived,
We are also reaching out to NGOs and donors
LifeNet™ was always intended to set a new
who are working hard to reach targets for universal
standard for LLINs. However, this was only
bednet coverage. Through its superior efficacy,
half the challenge we faced during its development.
functionality and longer lifespan, LifeNet™ aims to deliver better value for money, ensuring that
Independent studies have shown that many
programme funds go further and new trials and
bednets distributed are either being used incorrectly
interventions can be funded with confidence.
or not at all, with alarming consequences for those most at risk from vector-borne disease.
Ultimately, we believe that only by satisfying the
Environmental Science was therefore determined
needs of all stakeholders, can its true, long-term
to ensure that LifeNet™, when available, would
value be realised.
be correctly and widely used. This necessitated
LifeNet™ is due to be launched worldwide.
unprecedented and ongoing engagement with stakeholders at every level. We are currently working with focus groups and researchers in the malaria community to better understand the needs of the end users and communities. We are also supporting a range of focus groups and field trials prior to launch whilst developing educational tools to accompany product distribution.
39
THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Protecting tomorrow…today
Protecting Tomorrow…Today Heading
Introduction to Life Matters
Intro
Protecting Tomorrow
Body Headings
...Today
Body
{
Malaria has been estimated to cost Africa more than US$12 billion every year in lost GDP Roll Back Malaria Campaign
41
7
THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Introduction to Life Matters
The concept of Life Matters encompasses both
Malaria also exacts a high price on the economies
the lives we are all trying to save and the quality
of countries where it is endemic. Global Forum for
of the life itself.
Health Research suggests there are now over 500 million cases per year, with the average worker
Take malaria, for instance, which remains a massive
losing up to 20 days fighting each outbreak. It has
burden on the world and Sub-Saharan Africa in
been estimated that malaria is responsible for a
particular, still accounting for over 80% of all cases.
GDP ‘growth penalty’ of up to 1.3% per year in
In addition to the tragic cost of nearly 1 million
some African countries.
lives per year, there are massive healthcare costs afflicting those least able to pay. On average, poor
All in all, the continent faces an annual bill of
families must spend 25% of their income either
around US$12 billion through malaria morbidity
preventing or fighting malaria.
and mortality, reinforcing just how much there is to gain by reducing and, one day, eliminating this
This burden perpetuates poverty and negatively
and other vector-borne diseases.
affects the quality of people’s lives. But it does not stop there...
Life Matters aims to highlight and resolve such issues in a practical, responsible and proactive way.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
Protecting tomorrow…today
Protecting Tomorrow
As a pioneer in vector control with decades of proven commitment to the sector, Environmental Science has already delivered many of the pioneering solutions used today in fighting diseases like malaria. From developing two of today’s most widely used insecticides (deltamethrin and permethrin) and continuous innovation in formulations for various applications, our company is widely recognised as the partner for vector-borne disease control and elimination. Today we are working on ways to become a total solution provider by engaging more closely with the people who benefit from our products. LifeNet™ will be a key milestone in this respect; not just setting a new standard for LLINs, but transforming their usefulness, longevity and efficacy.
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THE NEW FACE OF VECTOR CONTROL
...Today
Significant strides have already been made in the
However, the challenge now is to ensure that all
fight against malaria, with increased funding and
players in the malaria community come together
awareness culminating in a 2008 commitment to
to pool their strengths.
mobilise resources to eliminate the disease.
Bayer CropScience is committed to working closely with aid organisations, NGOs and donors towards the goal of malaria elimination. We see our role in the following ways: • Ongoing development and delivery of more effective vector control products • Continuing to improve existing technologies to work more effectively against resistant mosquitoes • Using our network of distribution channels to deliver our products to remote communities • Using our marketing and PR expertise to assist public education campaigns We believe that only through closer partnership today can malaria be defeated tomorrow; achieving real and lasting social and economic benefits for African nations, other disease endemic nations and the wider world.
Photo: Nigel Marsh / World Vision, Public Health Journal, No.19
44
Publisher
Bayer CropScience SA 16 rue Jean-Marie Leclair F - 69266 Lyon (Cedex 09) France
www.bayercropscience.fr
Design & Production Byron Marketing Communications Group (UK Ferring Design and Print Limited (UK) Printing Editor
Mike Anderiesz
Text
Nadim Mohr Dr. Gerhard Hesse Ildem Bozkurt
Concept & Design
Nick Howard & Mike Sumpter
Photo Credits
Page 26 - Corbis Page 28 - Reiner Pospischil Page 44 - Nigel/World Vision
Forward-Looking Statements This brochure may contain forward-looking statements based on current assumptions and forecasts made by Bayer Group or subgroup management. Various known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors could lead to material differences between the actual future results, financial situation, development or performance of the company and the estimates given here. These factors include those discussed in Bayer’s public reports which are available on the Bayer website at www.bayer.com. The company assumes no liability whatsoever to update these forward-looking statements or to conform them to future events or developments.
Cert no. SA-COC-001654 CC
Bayer Environmental Science is an Associate Member of the FSC
Bayer Environmental Science Head Office
Bayer Environmental Science Regional Office
16 rue Jean-Marie Leclair F - 69266 Lyon (Cedex 09) France
P.O. Box 143, Isando, 1600 South Africa
www.bayervector.co.za