COLLECTIVE FORMS A sample of design research and projects exploring forms of collectives and forms for collectivity - a defiantly optimistic architecture and/or urbanism that finds new opportunities for new socio-political relations.
Master of Architecture (M.Arch.), MIT B.S. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University
bbeagen@gmail.com +1-347-326-4260
COLLECTIVE FORMS
BARRY BEAGEN
1
“Now, in the word ‘collective,’ it is precisely the work of collecting into a whole that I want to stress. The word should remind us of sewage systems where networks of small, medium and large ‘collectors’ make it possible to evacuate waste water as well as to absorb the rain that falls on a large city. This metaphor of the cloaca maxima suits our needs perfectly, along with the all the paraphernalia of adduction, sizing, purifying stations, observation points and manholes necessary to its upkeep, institutions, technologies, skills, procedures, and slowdowns with the word ‘collective,’ the better its use will be: the hard labor necessary for the progressive and public composition of the future unity will be all the more visible.”
COLLECTIVE FORMS
– Bruno Latour, “Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy”
2
The work is set within the contemporary political economy - a decline in the capacity for governments both in developing and developed cities to secure the necessary social institutions for future sustainable growth. New institutions, perhaps, derived from self-organization and bottom-up participation is needed to challenge current forms urbanization. The set of projects therefore looks towards new ideologies and socio-political formats to imagine new mechanisms of city-making. What are the new codes and practices for negotiations in order to produce alternative forms of urbanization?
COLLECTIVE FORMS
This document is both a work sample as well as a proposal for a project within the larger disciplinary discourse of architecture and urbanism.
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FROM THE BUILDING... BUILT FORM
Re: Search PAREL STRATEGY
PREP-X O.P.S. 1
South by Southie
COLLECTIVE FORMS
Housing Entrepreneurs
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A LIBRARY The library is no longer the authority of knowledge and the guardian of information. The future public library is a trading floor - an exchange for ideas and a machine for public curatorial practice.
A NEW NEIGHBORHOOD In 2080, the new Hunter’s Point development in San Francisco will have to contend with inevitable rising sea levels and impending seismic hazzards. Rather than a strategy of retreat, the strategy for urbanization looks at the production of collective functions as preparatory hubs as well as seeds for post-industrial revitalization for the Bayview neighborhood.
A SUBURB The enemy of the open society is the suburban subdivision. The new code for the American suburbs is about accumulating the commons. The new open suburb is reconceived through the lens of a new format for school and society driven by collectivity.
A CITY BLOCK With the influx of innovation-driven industries in South Boston, provision for housing and commercial space can no longer be static infrastructures. New regimes of ownership will govern how city blocks grow - housing, work place and the neighborhood is a venture.
A NEW URBANIZATION
...TO THE CITY
COLLECTIVE FORMS
India’s new fervor for slum-free cities and mass housing production does not accommodate the majority of self-employed citizens. The real housing question is about access to livelihood, social networks and productivity than the number of units itself. It is about creating rooms with a city.
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COLLECTIVE FORMS
A LIBRARY
RE:Search CORE II STUDIO | MIT Instructor: Ana Miljacki
COLLECTIVE FORMS
Poised as one of the last standing public place and institution, the new library’s agency is to both accommodate the model for the new society made of tribes – that continuously associate and disassociate while allowing for maximum interaction and exchange for the continuous production of new discoveries. The library infrastructure aggregates a series of compartmentalized cultures formed by the community. The new community library in Lechmere, Cambridge, Massachusetts acts as a machine to document the public vis-à-vis the public’s activities themselves – a library that archives the public’s temporal acts of searching both through the mechanism of storage as well as by augmenting user experience.
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1.0 FRAMEWORK: THE NEW PUBLIC
THIS IS WHERE THE LIBRARY - A PHYSICAL SPACE/PLACE - STILL HAS AGENCY
THE NEW SCHOOL LIBRARY
PRESCRIPTION MORALIZING IDEAL
CURATION ACKNOWLEDGE DIFFERENCE
BOTTOM-UP CURATION EMBRACE DIFFERENCE
KINGDOM
SUBSCRIPTION INDIVUDUAL
TRIBES
OPEN PLATFORM
STORAGE
THE WAREHOUSE
NEUTRAL COLLECTION
GALLERY
STORAGE
GALLERY
THE MUSEUM
LIBRARY DOCUMENTS PUBLIC
PROFESSORIAL STUDY ROOM
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS PUBLIC
SELF DOCUMENTATION
THE NEW LIBRARY
COLLECTIVE FORMS
INCREASING FLEXIBILITY AND PLIABILITY OF CONTENT
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In our current highly transient information culture, where ciety in its supposed moral equivalent), the new society draws things are freely posted and swiftly regurgitated through blog information from sources they affiliate with, forming social posts, twitter and feeds – trends and movements rise and fall tribes that follows the currents of information trends. constantly. However, we choose to seek what we already know and expect – to subscribe to a restricted multitude. Rather than the prescriptive model of the old days (information given by authorities and libraries as the collection of so-
2.0 NEW AXIOMS FOR THE NEW LIBRARY
3.0 ORGANIZATIONAL PATENT
NEW KNOWLEDGE GENERATION = NEW ORGANIZATION
ORGANIZATIONAL PATENT: HORIZONTAL MONUMENTALITY MONUMENTAL BROADCAST AND DISPLAY
EXCHANGE
MEDIA EXCHANGE KIOSK
BOOK EXCHANGE
TRADE
UPLOAD AND BROADCAST URBAN MEMORY KIOSK
TODAY
TOMORROW
BOOK DROP OFF GALLERY
FUTURE
UNSTABLE
UNSTABLE
UNSTABLE
UNSTABLE STORAGE
UNSTABLE
UNSTABLE
UNSTABLE
UNSTABLE
SUPER MARKET
COMPARTMENTALIZED CULTURES
TRADING FLOOR
PROXIMITY OF STORAGE FOR SPEED STORAGE
MAXIMUM VISIBILITY FOR BROADCAST
SUPERSHELF
PERIPHERY SECTIONS
FRESH DISPLAY MAIN AISLES
STORAGE
CIRCLE FOR MAXIMUM NUMBER OF EDGES
BOOKS AND PEOPLE
BOOKS
STORAGE = STACKS
PEOPLE
STORAGE = STORAGE STACKS = GALLERY
MONASTERY
GIVEN THE INEVITABLE SEPARATION OF IDEAS, HOW DOES A LIBRARY REGAIN AGENCY IN RECREATING THE PUBLIC?
GALLERY
CELL GALLERY A
GALLERY B
CLOISTER
CHURCH PUBLIC
INDIVIDUAL TRIBES GROW
BACK OF HOUSE
SCHOOL/ CHAPTER HOUSE
WHOO!
WE FLATTENED MOUNT OLYMPUS!
I HAVE TO CLIMB MOUNT OLYMPUS FOR THE ULTIMATE KNOWLEDGE
HORIZONTAL GROWTH
The new community library is a response to the contemporary nature of our information society. The library itself functions as an urban living room. As a library that is a machine for community-based curation, both the stacks and reading rooms become unstable programs and is required to accommodate a multitude of temporally self-organized rooms.
Within this new relationship, the new library takes on organizational strategies from other institutions for exhange - the trading floor, the supermarket - as well as institutions for the consumption of image and information - the monastic cloister and the gallery.
COLLECTIVE FORMS
STRATIFICATION AND CONTAINMENT
9
PRODUCATION WAR ROOMS
MEMORY ARCHIVE AND PRESERVATION OFFICE
TEXT/BOOK TRIBAL GALLERIES
LIBRARY OF TRIBES
IMAGE/MOVING IMAGES COLLECTION DEPOT FEATURE GALLERIES
TEXT/PRINT COLLECTION DEPOT
IMAGE/MOVING IMAGE TRIBAL GALLERIES
SOUND TRIBAL GALLERIES SOUND COLLECTION DEPOT
URBAN MEMORY DATABASE
TEXT/PRINT
STORAGE MONOLITHS IMAGE/MOVING IMAGES
SOUND
TRADING FLOOR
Re:Search ENGINES UPLOAD KIOSKS
COLLECTIVE FORMS
MULTI MEDIA GROUP KIOSKS
10
BOOK DROP OFF
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COLLECTIVE FORMS
SECTION B 1’ : 8”
COLLECTIVE FORMS
SECTION A 1’ : 8”
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SECTION B 1’ : 8”
TRADING FLOOR 1’ : 16”
The Trading Floor Visitors enter the library onto a large manipulated slab that allows them to promenade around the traditional library at the ground floor with 360 view of the city. The promenade continues to rise in elevation, forcing visitors to look above, where the activities of the tribal library are constantly visible through the promenade. The Cloud The efficient circulation up to the tribal library is embedded within the 4 storage and administration monoliths. Context is removed as the visitors rise into the tribal library – an introverted space that allows for expression, engagement and propagation of the multitude of information curated by the community. It is made up of a continuous volume containing various types galleries that are rented out to community curators.
GALLERY LEVEL 1’ : 16”
The voids also allow light to filter from the tribal library into the ground below. Light operates both functionally as well as metaphysically – ambient light that codifies the activities above. This codification is also registered on the façade through the translucent skin that maintains a singular reading of the volumes inside at the oblique, while offering a clear reading of the differentiated volumes inside.
COLLECTIVE FORMS
GALLERY LEVEL 1’ : 16”
The tribal library is an undulating set of 4 volumes supported by the storage monoliths. Voids are subtracted from the edges of the volumes to create separation of spaces while keeping visual continuity across spaces evoking curiosity through the omnipresent acts of public search. Voids also systematically produce spaces in which the users can engage, express or propagate information in its various media to other users in the library.
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STORAGE LOGIC
COLLECTION DEPOT
URBAN MEMORY DATABASE
GALLERY
STORAGE TRADING FLOOR
STATION
TEXT
PLAN
TYPICAL SECTION
CONCRETE STRUCTURAL CORE SUPPORTS PROGRAMS ABOVE
IMAGE
COLLECTION DEPOT
AUTOMATED STORAGE SYSTEM FOR PHYSICAL MEDIA
QUICK CIRCULATION TO GALLERY
SOUND
3 ARCHETYPAL MEDIA
ABSENCE AS TRACE OF SEARCH.
CURATION
GALLERY
GALLERY
GALLERY
ARCHIVE
LIBRARY CATALOG ACCESS
TRADING FLOOR
SMALL PUNCTURE INTO MONOLITH. CONTEXT DISAPPEARS.
STORAGE MONOLITH IS VISIBLE. A MACHINIC GALLERY.
SEARCHING BECOMES PHYSICAL. ANIMATED YET DISTANT.
VISITORS COLLECT MEDIA THEY SEARCHED FOR BEFORE CURATING.
MEMORY OF PUBLIC IS RECORDED, DIGITIZED AND STORED AS A PHYSICAL HARD DRIVE THAT CAN BE REVISITED.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CURATOR AND VISITOR
SUBJECT AND OBJECT DISPLAY
AFFILIATED VS. UNAFFILIATED
OPEN YET CLOSED
TRANSPARENCY WITHIN
DECREASING ACCESSIBILITY OBJECT DISPLAY
INCREASING BROADCAST POTENTIAL
SUBJECT DISPLAY
BROWSING
SEARCHING
EYE - LEVEL
IMAGE/MOVING IMAGE
The Monoliths
PLAN
AUDIO
TEXT
PRODUCTION WAR ROOM
The Cloud Galleries
The monolith carries all circulation and administrative capac- The cloud is lined with a series of galleries that sets up disities and permanent storage. The storage performs as a grand tinct relationships between the curators, the visitors and the façade within the library. The permanent storage consists of followers. archival storage system along with staff facilities that documents and preserve. It becomes the permanent collection of the museum typology where old knowledge can be accessed. Less recyclable information becomes archived as a relic that becomes a barometer of the community. Permanent storage is divided into three monoliths each containing three common media – print, sound, images - that requires very distinct storage and preservation techniques. The base of each monolith is at the level of the street where it becomes an uploading device for all media.
COLLECTIVE FORMS
INTERIOR ELEVATIONS
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COLLECTIVE FORMS
A NEW NEIGHBORHOOD
PREP-X TIO N
OPTIONS STUDIO SPRING 2013 | MIT Instructor: Miho Mazereeuw Collaborator: Phebe Dudek
CA ED U
ON
TI
RI
UT
N H/
T
AL
HE
E
UR
LT
CU
NT
YME
LO EMP PHASE 2
PHASE 3
PHASE 4
PHASE 1
CREATE CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC CONENCTIONS
CONNECTION BETWEEN LAND AND WATER
NEW INDUSTRIAL/ COMMERCIAL/ COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
This project, Participatory Resilient Emergency Platforms (PREP), formulates a proposal that taps into the opportunity of risk mitigation and resilience through an urban redevelopment strategy that simultaneously enables community development. The project Continued disinvestment in the Bayview community has led to multiple issues such as inadequate coverage of community facilities, urban amenities such as grocery stores or recreational facilities. Meanwhile at Hunters Point, the adjacent neighborhood slated for high-end redevelopment, is compounded by risks related to flooding, landslides, earthquakes and environmental contamination. Basic amenities such as education, culture, employment and nutrition provide the programmatic input for the first anchors to be developed on Hunters Point - a renewed connection between Bayview by turning the existing community as an asset for the new development. As initial investments, these anchors are also designed as safe-havens or designated evacuation shelters during a disaster. The anchors have been developed to function as a scalable strategy that could be adapted in other locations. A set of generic archetypes as anchors become specific through its site constraints, risks, and programmatic designation which feeds back into the well-being of existing neighborhood. Around these anchors, different forms of urban development scenarios take place which respond to the specific flood risk of the site. Ranging from buildings on high and dry safe land, up to buildings on stilts and floating development which capitalizes on the Bay and its tidal changes. The catalog of archetypes can develop in different scales, they are identifiable but non program-specific, in addition, they anticipates growth that creates a symbiotic relationship between the programs as an asset to the new community while providing a positive feedback loop of employment, income and economic resilience in the existing Bayview community.
ANCHORS AS THIRD PLACES AND SAFE ZONES
COLLECTIVE FORMS
COLLABORATIVE / SYMBIOTIC GROWTH - FEEDING BACK INTO BAYVIEW
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LIQUEFACTION ZONE - BEDROCK PIERS FL O 0C
CM 50
M
|1
|M
00
-Y R
HH W |M M 0C 15
HH W
OD
OD FL O -Y R 00 |1 M 0C 10
15
0C
M
|1
00
-Y R
FL O
OD
LANDSLIDE PRONE
10
EXISTING RISKS
IMPACTED BUILDINGS/SITE
PHYSICAL REMEDIATION AND SITE PREPARATION
BV/HP COMMUNITY RESOURCE FLOW LABOR
ARTS
LIGHT INDUSTRY
RETAIL
INPUT
STABILIZED SLOPE
PHYTO REMEDIATION
PHYTO REMEDIATION
SITE WORK + ANCHORS RETURN
JOBS
FOOD
HEALTH EDUCATION
$
SPORTS/EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
URBAN AGRICULTURE
PRODUCE/GROCER MARKET
RETAIL/POP-UP SHOPS
FULL DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE OF DEVELOPMENT
2014
2020
CONT
COLLECTIVE FORMS
AMIN
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PHYSICAL REMEDIATION AND SITE PREPARATION
ATION
RISKS
SITE WORK + ANCHORS ESTMENT
RETURN ON INV
CULTURAL INSTITUTION
OPEN WATER
0C
M
|1
00
-Y R
FL O
OD
LIQUEFACTION ZONE - MAT FOUNDATION
PHYTO REMEDIATION
CO-WORKING SPACE
2030
PIER REFURBISHMENT - WATER ACCESS
PERFORMANCE SPACE
2040
FULL DEVELOPMENT
2050
COLLECTIVE FORMS
COMMUNITY PARKS
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INFRASTRUCTURAL RESERVOIR
ELECTRICITY POTABLE WATER GAS DATA
SURFACE TYPE
POROUS SURFACES FOR STORMWATER MANAGEMENT UPLAND
150CM | 100-YR FLOOD
PHYTO REMEDIATION
150CM | MHHW
50
CM
|1
00
-Y
R
FL
OO
D
FLOOD RISK INDEX
URBAN AGRICULTURE
BUILDING TYPE IN-SITU STORMWATER COLLECTION
“RAINBOOT”
STILTS
150CM | 100YR FLOOD 150CM | MEAN HIGH HIGH TIDE 0CM | 100YR FLOOD
COLLECTIVE FORMS
0CM | MEAN SEA LEVEL
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150CM | 100YR FLOOD 150CM | MEAN HIGH HIGH TIDE 0CM | 100YR FLOOD 0CM | MEAN SEA LEVEL
SEA-LEVEL RISE INTER-TIDAL ZONE HIGH MARSH
LOW MARSH
OPEN WATER
W
AT
ER
FR
ON
T
0CM | 100-YR FLOOD
FLOATING
COLLECTIVE FORMS
STILTS + SALT MARSH RECEPTION
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SF M IS SI
R
ON
TE
TS GH
N
9710 10000
1750
3500
7.5
15.0
Y
IC
BL
PU
MP
LA
S
AIR
ST
ST
SK
PO
FO
IN
NO
PIA
E
BIL
NO
RAISED VOLUME
TS
LE
RK
PA
KS
AC
TB
SE
KIO
S
AU
-H
EP
PR
MID-BLOCK BREAKS
COLLECTIVE FORMS
SF
I HE
CE
7195 1000
LE
AL
22
C FI
SPACE REQUIRED (m2)
OPEN SPACE
C VI
6630
500
WATER REQUIRED (m3)/ DAY
TOWER
CI
CI
O SC CI AN FR A IN AR RK PA
5766 5000
NO. OF PEOPLE IN 200m RADIUS
SLOPE
PA
SF
N T
M
SE
N
3520
0
SF
DENSITY (PERSONS/km2)
SA
SU
T
IN
COMPARATIVE DENSITY (PERSONS/km2)
SF
O / W P IE RS YV TE BA UN H
ANCHOR ARCHETYPES
SF AT
OB
N
IN CH
SF
OW
L
N
L HI
20230 15000
28979
20000
25000
30000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
5250
7000
8750
10500
12250
22.5
30.0
37.5
45.0
52.5
E
PR
N
TIO
TA
S P-
WN
s
PO
PO
O NT
W
DO
N BA
R
SE
EN
ND
CO
UR
PE
O SL
T
GE
VE
CE
RA
ER
DT
E AT
G
IN
ILD
BU
P
NS
PE
NO
RI
E OW
ITY
NC
RI
WE
TO
E AC
T
M
OR
E RS
IL
TE
IN
ION
RK
PA
AT
RK
A YP
TI
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MM
CO
BU
EN
NK
SU
E CR
TS
TIL
NS
GO
DIN
RE
N
YO
AN
NC
BA
UR
COLLECTIVE FORMS
TF
LA
NP
IO CT
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COLLECTIVE FORMS
COMMUNITY GARDEN
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AMBIENT SCREEN
TERRACE/ OBSERVATION DECK
RENTABLE SPACE
MULTI-PURPOSE HALL
WATER RESERVOIR
COLLECTIVE FORMS
BASEMENT STORAGE
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FULL RETAIL ACCESS
SETBACK
BACK ALLEY
SECTIONAL VARIATIONS
ENTRANCE
ARTCADE
CO-OP GROCERY
COLLECTIVE FORMS
MUNI BUS STOP
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FOOD PRODUCTION
CO-WORKING SPACE
CO-OP FOOD MARKET
FLOODABLE PARK
RETAIL ADVANTAGE
PERFORMANCE
RENTABLE OFFICE SPACE
URBAN AGRICULTURE
NEW CONSTRUCTION
GALLERY
REMEDIATION BUFFER
SITE PREPARATION
MID-RISE STILT DEVELOPMENTS
ANCHOR OPEN AIR GALLERY PERFORMANCE SPACES
RETAIL DEVELOPMENT
OPEN SPACE
WETLAND PARK
RAINBOOT TYPE MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
ADAPTIVE REUSE SMALL BATCH FOOD PROCESSING POP UP CAFES AND RESTAURANTS URBAN AGRICULTURE
ANCHOR MUNI STOP CO-OP GROCERY/MARKET
REMEDIATION WILLOW BUFFER
COLLECTIVE FORMS
TEMPORARY ART INSTALLATION
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X
W
V
•
• •
•
F
G
••
S
G
G
•
S
•
COLLECTIVE FORMS
S
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•
•
•
29
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COLLECTIVE FORMS
A SUBURB
O.P.S. 1 OPTIONS STUDIO SPRING 2013 | MIT Visiting Instructor: Rafi Segal Collaborator: Maya Taketani
As a strategy for the new suburban neighborhood unit, the project propose to create an open public school that integrates the school programs to various aspects of community life, by opening the elements of the school, and reorganizing it into the neighborhood. Rather than the school as a place where education is received, the Open School becomes dispersed and functions as an infrastructure that enables teaching and learning.
COLLECTIVE FORMS
The second component of the project was to create a new urban design code for the new open school neighborhood with concepts and criteria that from the room to the neighborhood. The code is a means to generate typologies that will encourage reciprocity create a network of shared and accessible basic to special programs.
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11 pm
.P.S. 1 SYSTEM
0 Residential
10 pm
1 am 2 am
Work
3 am
9 pm School
4 am
8 pm
COMMUNITY AS SCHOOL 5 am
7 pm
Traditional School District
6 pm
6 am
COMMUNITY BASED CONTRIBUTION
7 am
5 pm
8 am
4 pm 9 am
3 pm OPEN SCHOOHOUSING ELEMENTS
10 am
2 pm 1 pm
12 pm
11 pm
0 Residential
11 am
1 am
10 pm
2 am Work
3 am
9 pm School
4 am
8 pm
5 am
7 pm
OPEN SCHOOL ZONES 6 pm
6 am
THEMATIC ZONES
OPEN BACKYARD CORRIDORS
7 am
5 pm
9
8 am
8
7 5 6 4 2 3 1
4 pm
9 am
3 pm 10 am
2 pm 1 pm
11 pm
12 pm
0 Residential
10 pm
11 am
1 am 2 am
Work
3 am
9 pm
SCHOOL AS INFRASTRUCTURE
School
4 am
8 pm OPEN SPACES
5 am
7 pm SCHOOL ANCHORS
Open School Society
6 pm
6 am
ANCILLARY PROGRAMS
7 am
5 pm
8 am
4 pm 9 am
3 pm 10 am
2 pm 1 pm
11 pm
12 pm
0 Residential
11 am
1 am
10 pm
2 am
9 pm
3 am
Work
4 am
8 pm
CIRCULATION AND CONNECTIVITY
5 am
7 pm
6 pm
6 am
7 am
5 pm
FOREST AND RIVER
8 am
4 pm 9 am
3 pm 10 am
2 pm
COLLECTIVE FORMS
MUSEUM FIELDS
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INDUSTRIAL PARK
1 pm
OFFICE PARK
INDUSTRIAL PARK GOLF COURSE
12 pm
11 am
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COLLECTIVE FORMS
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COLLECTIVE FORMS
II
III
IV
V
THE NEIGHBORHOOD
THE DISTRICT
THE BLOCK
THE CLUSTER
THE ROOM
O.P.S. CODE
CURRENT
I
PRIVATE
50%
OPEN SPACE
40%
RESIDENTIAL
COLLECTIVE FORMS
BLOCK MAKING PROCESS
36
The lot is subdivided according to tax parcels.
A “learning zone/open school” setback is implemented to ensure that future developmensts has the potential to create open schools in the neighborhood.
Additional land can also be pooled into the “commons”, highlighted in white. The open block is complete awaiting programs and housing clusters to be built.
Once plots are built, programs can be contributed into the commons. Activating the interstitial spaces amongst lots.
OPEN
SHARED
CRITERIA
10%
PRODUCTION
CABINS AND COMMONS
Within the subdivision, a “learning zone/open school” setback is implemented.
More land can be “pooled” into the “commons”. At the same time, the land owner is also responsible for the maintenance of the part of the commons within the property. But it’s tax free!
It no longer makes sense to think of the house as a single entity. There are many more possibilities of arranging rooms to take advantage of the open access around the lot.
In this example, the living room and the garage is shared.
A relative or a newcomer wants to build a small cabin since the living room and dining room is shared. With a new building, new open school setback is also created.
Another newcomer is here.
They also participate in sharing some of their programs into the cluster, as well as to the “commons”
New programs come easy since it’s cheaper and shared. Because it’s open to the “commons”, it is property tax free.
THE TREEHOUSE
THE LOFT
THE OPEN LOFT
THE GRANNY SUITE
THE OPEN PORCH
THE KIOSK
THE GARAGE HOUSE
THE SIDEKICK
THE SUPER SHARER
THE DONOR
THE SCHOOLHOUSE
COLLECTIVE FORMS
THE CABIN
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38
COLLECTIVE FORMS
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COLLECTIVE FORMS
To incentivize growth, developer builds co-factory incubato
Gallery shops opens
Factory expands
Gallery shops keep expanding
COLLECTIVE FORMS
Major IPO!
46
A new gallery for prducts are opened
Rooftop tennis court
Developer sets up “beta� market
Another IPO!
New ro
Developer reclaim
New
Office expands, but light needed to enter into initial housing
Smaller factories are built
Factory
Temporary kiosks for products
or
New workshops are set up by cooperatives
y and working spaces combined with retail
ooftop Swimming Pool
New gym!
Cooperative goes public
Rooftop yoga!
A CITY BLOCK
SOUTH BY SOUTHIE OPTIONS STUDIO FALL 2014 | MIT Visiting Instructor: Vincent James
As a proposition for a new site in South Boston’s Innovation District, the project is posed as a design research that aims to rethink conventional block and parcel strategies, leveraging collective property ownership to allow for in situ development driven by homeowners encouraging future productive intensification and densification.
w ammenities are built for residents
Performance space becomes permanent
COLLECTIVE FORMS
ms center street into a hyper corridor, completes transformation of ground to mat building.
47
“We want to make Boston the tech capital of the world” - Mayor Marty Walsh, 2013
580 FT
PROCESSING PLANTS
245 FT
COLLECTIVE FORMS
35 FT
48
250 FT
Housing as Venture EXPANDING HOUSEHOLD
INCREASING QUALITY OF LIFE
+
GYM
GARDEN
BAR
GADGETS
RESTAURANTS
EXPANDING BUSINESS
+ OFFICE
MORE EMPLOYEES
INTEGRATED PRODUCTION
Precedents of Incremental Growth
TYPICAL SITES AND SERVICES OR TRADITIONAL LAND PROPERTY MODEL
IQUIQUE HOUSING, CHILE
LOFTING
CHARKOP, MUMBAI
COLLECTIVE FORMS
WHAT ABOUT THE NEIGHBORHOOD BLOCK?
49
Death and Life of the American Backyard
Over time, the backyard accumulates various objects and additional ammenities for the individual properties. However, it remains private property and inaccessible to others.
Commercial activites help to liven the streets but it is typically inadequate for fully local employment. Developer maximizes land to make it profitable in the short run. Little
Fences demarcate property lines.
Unit sizes are fixed and property is not malleable
LAND + PROPERTY
Commercial activities in a mixed use block can take advantage of the backyard, but sometimes in the inconvenience of the neighbor.
COLLECTIVE FORMS
Typical Section of South Boston Neighborhood
50
LAND EQUITY + PROPERTY
Section of upcoming apartments/condominum
Commercial streetfront but inaccessible public space.
The New Block Management Regime: Strategies for Local Accummulation OWNERSHIP
FORM
HOUSEHOLD
SLAB COLLECTIVES
Vertical Neighborhood
Common Public Ammenities
PARCEL CO-OPERATIVE INITIAL BUILD-OUT
DEVELOPABLE ZONE
OPEN
DEVELOPABLE AREA
BLOCK TRUSTS
Strategic sharing
LAND EQUITY
INFRASTRUCTURE + PARCELIZATION
PROPERTY DEVELOPER CO-OPERATIVE
PROPERTY + MATCHMAKING
CO-OPERATIVE
ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
HOMEOWNER
ND
G LA ASIN
HOMEOWNER
E
U VAL
RE INC
TIME
COLLECTIVE FORMS
LAND DEVELOPER
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Slab Collectives
SECTION OPTIONS
STANDARD
STARTER UNIT TYPES SEED
START UP
MEZZANINE
BRIDGE
RAINMAKER
20’ x 20’
20’ x 40’
40’ x 40’
60’ x 40’
60’ x 60’
400 FT2
800 FT2
1600 FT2
2400 FT2
3600 FT2
THICK BASEMENT
SLAB FORMAT SMALL
MEDIUM
LARGE
EXTRA-LARGE
50’ x 50’
50’ x 100’
50’ x 150’
50’ x 200’
LOFT
LOFT + BASEMENT
COLLECTIVE FORMS
REFERENCES
52
Slab Formats DOUBLE
WRAPAROUND
SLAB STOREFONT
DUBMBELL
FULLHOUSE
VERTICAL TOWNHOUSE
LIVE-WORK COMMUNE
SHOPHOUSE SLAB
SHARED COURTS
COMMON THROUGHWAY
VILLAGE
COMMON BALCONY
PRODUCTION LINE
BIG LIVING ROOM
ADVANCED STARTER PLOTS
BACKYARD STOREFRONT
COMMON SUITE
STARTER PLOTS
STORE MANAGER
BACKYARDS
STARTER PLOTS
FAMILY BUSINESS
STARTER PLOTS
VERTICAL SUBURB
SECRET GARDENS
ADVANCED STARTER PLOTS
PUBLIC PARK
PUBLIC PARK
PUBLIC PARK
COLLECTIVE FORMS
SINGLE LOADED
53
COLLECTIVE FORMS
INCREASING DENSITY OF INITIAL BUILD OUT
Parcel Cooperatives
INCREASING PARCEL SIZE
54
Parcel Growth Rules: Strategies for in situ Intensification BUILD LAND BANK
AIR RIGHTS
VERTICAL CONNECTION
PURCHASE AIR RIGHTS OF EXISTING BUILDING
AIR RIGHTS
STRATEGICALLY CONNECT TO INTENSIFIED PROGRAMS IN EXISTING BUILDINGS
LAND BANK PURCHASE AIR RIGHTS OF NEW BUILDING MAXIMIZE LAND DEVELOPMENT
INTENSIFY IN PHASES
CONNECT TO NEW BUILDING
Block Parcelization Matrix
COLLECTIVE FORMS
INCREASING TRUST LAND BANK
INCREASING FINE GRAIN
55
PHASE 1
BLOCK Park is introduced with initial ammenities, accessible from all sides of the block
DEVELOPER/TRUST LAND BANKS Land banks are embedded within the park. It is arranged such that it maintains the openness of the large park.
PARCEL Buildings are organized around a central land bank
PHASE 2 A new corner restaurant
Skate park is built
More cafes!
Rock climbing school
New mixed use - commercial and housing units
BLOCK Park begins to attract more people as the land banks open to the park introduce more ammenities to share.
DEVELOPER/TRUST LAND BANKS Some land banks begin to house temporary structures and introduce new programs to complement the park.
PARCEL Parcels begin to develop their land banks responding to increasing demand of park use.
COLLECTIVE FORMS
A new library for the park and residents
56
Still waiting...
A new spa opens.
A vertical gym and hotel is developed where ammenities in the hotel and gym are shared
PHASE 3 The park proves popular, a number of hotels are built in the park by the trust.
More new hotels...
BLOCK The block is now more mixed use while maintaining the figure of the park.
DEVELOPER/TRUST LAND BANKS New developments take advantage of the full 150’ height limit. The lots set within the park allows for more freedom for expression.
PARCEL Parcels begin to maximize their lots
Land prices are high, we decided to lease the land to a developer for new offices.
Despite the small plot, the attractive park ammenity allowed for new sales
PHASE 4 A new rooftop cinema allows the adjacent residents to take advantage of potential customers
With more money, the community begins to invest in new commnity ammenities
BLOCK The block is maximized in terms of built objects. The park still remains.
DEVELOPER/TRUST LAND BANKS Higher productivity programs are built on the sites to complement the park and also to take advantage of the open space.
PARCEL Parcel buildings are maximized. As owners within the cooperative have more money, both from the land banks and their businesses, more interesting programs are developed at scale.
The developer builds phase two.
A new bridge built with great view
More community-hotel ammenities develop
COLLECTIVE FORMS
More commercial activities on top of the library
57
BUILT FORM
PAREL STRATEGY
COLLECTIVE FORMS
BLOCK PARCELIZATION SCHEME
58
HANDBALL
STORE MANAGER
New plans for the garden
Permenant live-work VERTICAL TOWNHOUSE
Garden is turned into storefronts
STARTER PLOTS
Neiighbors collaborate to form a store VERTICAL SUBURB Restaurants with sure business
ADVANCED STARTER PLOTS
New kiosk set up in the garden for the school
STARTER PLOTS
new commercial spaces become viable
COLLECTIVE FORMS
Roof space becomes new entry
59
PHASE 1
BLOCK Ssubdivided by a traffic calming roadway. The block is developed by modeular parcels.
DEVELOPER/TRUST LAND BANKS Land banks are further subdivided to smaller sizes to ensure different growth.
PARCEL Parcels are modular. The building blocks are as open ended as possible. With circulation that is either double or wraparound.
PHASE 2 Small sheds and open yards as work spaces
To incentivize growth, developer builds co-factory incubator
New workshops are set up by cooperatives
BLOCK The green spaces are not just parks, the cooperative decides if they want to use it for functional reasons, like a back yard.
DEVELOPER/TRUST LAND BANKS As trust land bank is in two big pieces, it is useful to build out an anchor program for the block
PARCEL Small growth in parcels
COLLECTIVE FORMS
Smaller factories are built
60
Temporary kiosks for products
Temporary performance spaces appear
PHASE 3 Gallery shops opens
Factory expands
A new gallery for prducts are opened
Factory and working spaces combined with retail
Cooperative goes public
BLOCK Block begins to acquire more ammenitie and density
DEVELOPER/TRUST LAND BANKS Beta market serves to create a new buy-sell relationship with not yet out into market products
PARCEL Parcels densify, larger plots can be sold off for larger developments
Office expands, but light needed to enter into initial housing
Developer sets up “beta� market
New ammenities are built for residents
Performance space becomes permanent
PHASE 4 Gallery shops keep expanding
Rooftop tennis court
New rooftop Swimming Pool
New gym!
Rooftop yoga!
BLOCK Block is almost completely built out. The ground becomes a network like a mat building.
DEVELOPER/TRUST LAND BANKS As density becomes immense, the center road can be transformed into more development
Another IPO!
Developer reclaims center street into a hyper corridor, completes transformation of ground to mat building.
COLLECTIVE FORMS
Major IPO!
61
BUILT FORM
PAREL STRATEGY
COLLECTIVE FORMS
BLOCK PARCELIZATION SCHEME
62
BIG LIVING ROOM
BACKYARD STOREFRONT
SECRET GARDEN
VERTICAL PARK
COLLECTIVE FORMS
ROOF
63
RENTER PROFILES IN AHMEDABAD, INDIA
Vegetable Push Cart Vendor Stable migrant with young family Picks up vegetable in the main market in the walled city and distributes it with a peddle cart in the adjacent neighborhoods to Gopal Nagar.
Hotel Cook Young migrant couple Cooks in a hotel at walking distance. He goes back to the house during breaks between lunch and dinner to spend time with his wife.
Home-based Tailor
Rabarivas
Urban Village
Existing Chawl
Existing Slum
Long-term renter co-location Working from home, his customers from the surrounding neighborhoods knows where to find him. With customers who are wealthier in the area, he is able to earn more for his
SNP Slum
Encroachment
Taxi Driver Seasonal and temporary Having a large farm and house back in Rajasthan, he will go back to the village once he earns enough money.
INDIA’S SLUM-FREE CITY GUIDE
COLLECTIVE FORMS
IN SITU UPGRADING
64
IN SITU LAND SHARING
IN SITU REDEVELOPMEN
HOUSING ENTREPRENEURS Tata Center for Technology and Design Research Fellowship Advisor: Miho Mazereeuw Post-doc: Aditya Barve
Banner Printing Runners Bachelor migrant Sharing a room with 15 friends who are both colleagues and from the same village in UP, they work together with a network of printers and customers in the old city. Chronic Hospital Patient Temporary rental as buffer As the chawl is near one of the largest hospital, a room was let out for a patient undergoing year-long treatment and cannot afford the rent in formal neighborhoods Rickshaw Driver Aspirational migrant Being near a commercial corridor and a wholesale market provides access to customers. The unit was purchased from the owner after renting for a number of years. Riot Survivor Renting as last resort
The work carried out during the research fellowship consisted of three components: 1) survey of informal and self-built neighborhoods across India, 2) design research of cooperative based incremental neighborhoods and housing, 3) development of a viable delivery model for incremental housing Currently housing schemes by both private and public sector do not accommodate more than half of the urban poor population in India that are self-employed. A total of more than 37 million households that requires access to streets, proximity to customers, flexibility of housing structures to accommodate work spaces and flexibility of financing. These micro-entrepreneurs are crucial to the economic vitality of the city. The housing delivery strategy that is currently being developed looks at housing as productive assets that enable homeowners to build assets around them through rentals and commercial activities. The approach encourages the incremental investments in their homes. The goal is to provide affordable housing that not only provide mere shelter but focusing on a development model that creates future security and livelihood opportunities. Through an integrated approach to neighbourhood design, planning and financing, the development model focus on creating a neighbourhood that supports community building and livelihood opportunities by improving access to land equity. The strategy is developed with principles learned from extensive site surveys and research on existing informal neighbourhoods in India.
After having her house destroyed in the 2002 Gujarat riots, like others, she sought an encroachment area to stay while paying land rent to a politician.
VOLUNTARY RELOCATION
COLLECTIVE FORMS
NT
A NEW URBANIZATION
65
ROOMS WITH A CITY: 50 HOUSES SURVEY SITES
GAMTALS
EXISTING CHAWLS
SNP/PARIVARTAN SLUMS
EXISTING SLUMS/ ENCROACHMENTS
DECREASING TENURE SECURITY
MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS AND SMALL LANDLORDS AS ENGINES OF A NEIGHBORHOOD
COLLECTIVE FORMS
Versova, Mumbai
66
Savda Ghevra, Delhi
Savda Ghevra, Delhi
Charkop, Mumbai
Airoli, Mumbai
Kopharkhane, Mumbai
SURVEY TEMPLATE
ANTIQUE STORE AND HOME Go-downs and workshops
Parking, loading/unloading area
Residential neighborhood
Vasna Rd corridor
DESIGN STRATEGIES
N: STREET - BASED COMMERCE B: SHOP - ROOM
The house has an ancestral temple where the grandfather’s bedroom is. They have also invested in the decorated door that faces the street front. The house has an ancestral temple where the grandfather’s bedroom is. They have also invested in the decorated door that faces the street front. The house has an ancestral temple where the grandfather’s bedroom is. They have also invested in the decorated door that faces the street front. The house has an ancestral temple where the grandfather’s bedroom is. They have also invested in the decorated door that faces the street front. The house has an ancestral temple where the grandfather’s bedroom is. They have also invested in the decorated door that faces the street front. The house has an ancestral temple where the grandfather’s bedroom is. They have also invested in the decorated door that faces the street front. The house has an ancestral temple where the grandfather’s bedroom is. They have also invested in the decorated door that faces the street front. The house has an ancestral temple where the grandfather’s bedroom is. They have also invested in the decorated door that faces the street front. 2
3
OWNER PROFILE
PROPERTY PROFILE
Father
Move-in-year
Plot Size
ancestral
101 m2
Purchase Price
Building Footprint
not known
90.8 m2
Selling Price
Total Floor Area
Antique Store Shopowner Rs. 3000 (Rs. 100/day)
not selling
90.8 m2
Home-based
Husband + Wife
Salesman
RENTAL PROPERTY
Rs. 9500 Variable
Son + Daughter-in-Law Son
Daughter
Rent Income Rs. 2,000 Total HHI
Rs. 17,500
Rental Price
Amenity
Rs. 2000 / month
10’ x 10’ shopfront
Total HHS 7
RENTER PROFILE Tailor Shop Rs. 15,000 Owner
Total HHI
Rs. 15,000
Total HHS 1
4
5
1. Store front 2. Rental Tailor Shop 3. Wet Area/Bathroom/Kitchen 4. Gallery/Corridor 5. Hall and Storage 6. Bed Nook 7. Main Bedroom 8. Father’s Room/Temple
8
7 5 7500
4
6
3
2
1
3000
2900
12100
A A
6
7
House as shop and gallery
Overhead shelf Store display
Cooler Unit
As the house of an antique store owner, a small temporary storefront is set up where he could deal with the customers. The galleries and the overhead storage of the house also doubles up as the store. Within the main bedroom is also a collection of metal pots and pans for sale as well as other antiques stored in the cabinet.
Display Cupboard
Additional Display Shelving
Bed
Store and House Wall Display Antique Goods
The house has a central gallery that divides the house into two parts. The corner street facing component contains the storefront as well as the rental shop for the tailor. Similarly the main elevation of the house is also separated into two. One is a temporary shed storefront while the other has been renovated with new birght red bricks as well as a well crafted door.
Main Entrance
Overhead Storage
Bed Nook and Storage In order to maximize the hall, overhead and under-bed storage was integrated into a nook set in the corner of the hall. The bed nook also functions as a living area or seating for the hall. Antique Shop Storefront
Bedding
Main House Storage units
Used Product Storage Front Yard
8
9
COLLECTIVE FORMS
Corridor/ Gallery
67
HOUSE+: STRATEGY FOR MIXED-USE AND MIXED-TENURE INCREMENTAL HOMES
LIVE+
LIVE+
LIVE-SHOP +
COLLECTIVE FORMS
LIVE-SHOP
68
LIVE+
RENTAL
RENTAL
RENTAL
LIVE+
LIVE+
LIVE
LIVE
LIVE-SHOP+
LIVE+
RENTAL
RENTAL
SHOP
SHOP
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP
RENTAL: SHOP
RENTAL+
LIVE-SHOP
RENTAL
RENTAL+
RENTAL
RENTAL
LIVE-SHOP
LIVE-SHOP
LIVE+
LIVE+
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP+
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP
LIVE
LIVE+
LIVE
LIVE
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP
LIVE+
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP
ROW HOUSE TYPOLOGIES
ROW HOUSE PLAN
3000
5000
FAR 1.5 G.C. 50%
G+2: INDIVIDUAL B
A
FULL UNIT
A1 DIAGRAM: PROGRAM RELATIONS AND CUSTOMER TYPES
A2
LIVE+
LIVE+
LIVE
LIVE-SHOP +
SHOP
BIG SHOP OWNER W FULL FAMILY
A3 LIVE+
LIVE-SHOP
FLEX LIVE-WORK + MIN. INVESTMENT
C
2L + 1R
BIG SHOP OWNER + MIN. INVESTMENT
B1
B2
B3
C1
RENTAL
RENTAL
RENTAL
LIVE
LIVE-SHOP+
LIVE+
PLANS
C2
RENTAL+
SHOP
LIVE-SHOP
SHOPOWNER FULL FAMILY + RENTER
SHARED TOILET INDIVIDUAL BATH
SHOP
FLEX LIVE-WORK + RENTER
INDIVIDUAL TOILET INDIVIDUAL BATH
D
1L + 2R
GROWING FAMILY + RENTER
SHOPOWNER-LANDLORD + DORM/FAMILY RENTAL
C3
D1
LIVE+
LIVE+
RENTAL
RENTAL
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP+
RENTAL
RENTAL
LIVE-SHOP
LIVE-SHOP
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP
RENTAL: SHOP
GROWING FAMILY + RENTER + SMALL SHOPOWNER
GROWING FAMILY + RENTER + SMALL SHOPOWNER
SHOPOWNER + DORM
SMALL SHOPOWNER + RENTER + RENTER GROWING FAMILY
INDIVIDUAL TOILET INDIVIDUAL BATH
INDIVIDUAL TOILET + BATH
LIVE-SHOP
GROWING FAMILY + RENTAL SHOPOWNER
INDIVIDUAL TOILET + BATH
BATH
WC
BATH
KITCHEN
LIVE
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP
GROWING FAMILY + SMALL SHOPOWNER
FULL FAMILY + SMALL SHOPOWNER
FULL FAMILY GROWING + SMALL SHOPOWNER
INDIVIDUAL TOILET INDIVIDUAL BATH
WC
WC
KITCHEN
WC
BATH
BATH
WC
WC
BATH
BATH
RENTAL
BATH
RENTAL+
KITCHEN
WC
RENTAL
LIVE-SHOP
LIVE-SHOP
WC
BATH
KITCHEN
INDIVIDUAL TOILET INDIVIDUAL BATH
LIVE-SHOP RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP
BATH BATH
BATH
RENTAL
RENTAL
LIVE+
FIRST
LIVE
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP+
BATH
WC
LIVE
LIVE+
RENTAL: SHOP
LIVE-SHOP
E3
LIVE
INDIVIDUAL TOILET INDIVIDUAL BATH
LIVE-SHOP
WC WC
E2
LIVE+
LIVE-SHOP
WC
BATH
E1
LIVE+
LIVE+
GROUND
D3
RENTAL+
WC
GO-DOWN
D2
2L PLUS 1R
RENTAL
LIVE-SHOP
WC
E
1L + 2R
LIVE+
LIVE
LIVE
RENTAL: LIVE-SHOP+
BATH
BATH
WC
WC
BATH
WC
RENTAL+
BATH
RENTAL+
BATH
RENTAL
RENT
LIVE+
SECOND
LIVE+
LIVE
LIVE
LIVE+
WC
WC
WC
BATH
WC RENTAL+
RENTAL
WC
BATH
The new housing delivery strategy focuses on lowering the barrier to accessing land equity and therefore the capacity for urban poor households to build assets as well as to generate a neighborhood.
WC
BATH
BATH
and can also act as future investment for growing families and rising aspirations.
Designing communities: Dwelling units are low-rise high-density structures organized in small cooperative society clusters with a common open space rather than a unit sale approach in flats. Participatory model: Partnership with non-profit organizations Smaller co-operative society clusters maintains safety of common and communities begins right from the start. Developers are co-in- space and plot sizes through collective management. vestors with the homeowners and continue to operate the development on a long-term basis. Non-profit organizations facilitate the The delivery model as well as the design research that complements creation of co-operatives as well as a targeted customer base while it is currently a work in progress. long-term engagement of developer ensures the sustainability of the development. Mixed-tenure and mixed-use: Flexible housing design integrates living with opportunities for rentals and commercial spaces by the homeowners. Rentals and commercial spaces support livelihood
COLLECTIVE FORMS
Key Framework and Feature of the Delivery Strategy:
69
70
COLLECTIVE FORMS
71
COLLECTIVE FORMS