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UNIT 2 - EARTH SYSTEMS
Clouds over Mountains
The air around this ocean is moist. When a moist air mass met the mountain, the air mass was blocked from moving forward. So, it rose instead. As the air mass moved up, it also cooled down. This caused the moisture in the air mass to condense and form clouds.
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
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UNIT 2 - EARTH SYSTEMS
Hailstones
Raindrops froze in clouds. But rising air pushes the frozen raindrops up. This causes more water to freeze on the drops and make a hailstone. These hailstones eventually get too heavy for the air to hold up, so they fall to the ground.
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
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UNIT 2 - EARTH SYSTEMS
Warm Temperature in a Crowd
Look at all the people in here! If you were part of this crowd, you would notice that it is really warm compared to being away from the crowd. This is because body heat warms up the air and causes the temperature to rise.
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
Temperature Outside Crowd: 22° Celsius Inside Crowd: 26° Celsius
L e s s o n 2 - H o w D o E a r t h ’s S y s t e m s P r o d u c e We a t h e r a n d C l i m a t e ?
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UNIT 2 - EARTH SYSTEMS
Morning Fog
In the morning, the ground is cool in this valley. When moist air moves across the cool surface, the water vapor in the air condenses and moves down the valley. The condensed water vapor that sits above the ground is fog.
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
L e s s o n 2 - H o w D o E a r t h ’s S y s t e m s P r o d u c e We a t h e r a n d C l i m a t e ?
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UNIT 2 - EARTH SYSTEMS
Climate in Southern England
England has a cool climate because it is so far up north. But it is still warm enough for these palm trees to grow. This is because warm surface currents from the Gulf of Mexico make their way to the shores of England. These currents warm up the air around the beaches of England.
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
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UNIT 2 - EARTH SYSTEMS
Climate in Northern Chile
This beach lies along the northern coast of Chile. Although this region has a desert climate, the temperatures remain mild throughout the year because of the cold water current that flows from the Antarctic. This current flows along the west coast of South America.
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
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UNIT 2 - EARTH SYSTEMS
Windy Beach
When the sun shines down on this beach, it warms up the land and the water. But the sand warms up faster than the ocean, causing the warm air above the land to rise faster. As the warm air rises, it is replaced by cooler air from above the ocean.
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
Cool air Warm air
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UNIT 2 - EARTH SYSTEMS
60°N
A R C T I C
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Hudson Bay
A
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°N
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Labrador Se a
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Lake Athabasca
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150°W
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pic
Arctic Ci
B
170°W
160°W
20°W
Ellesmere Island
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Ale utian Is la nd s
10°W
O C E A N
180° B e r i n g
Tro
70°N
80°N
80°N
70°N
rcle
Arctic Ci
170°E
anc
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Air in southern states, such as Florida, is warmer. But during the winter, a jet stream moves cool air from the north to the south. The jet stream can produce stormy weather in the air underneath it, causing precipitation.
rcle
Snowy Florida Winter
N
pic
Tro
Gulf of Mexico
er
anc
of C
N
20°
70°W
120°W
130°W
Elevation Feet Over 10,000 5,001–10,000 2,001–5,000 1,001–2,000 0–1,000 Below sea level
Meters Over 3,050 1,526–3,050 611–1,525 306–610 0–305 Below sea level
Mountain peak
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
0
10°N
500
1,000 miles
10°N
0 500 1,000 kilometers Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection
110°W
100°W
90°W
80°W
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