Living in the Zarate Delta Argentina by BeccanDavila

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION Participative Design Workshop to identify projects for the sustainable development of Municipality of Zárate, Argentina. November 1-2, 2018. FINAL REPORT December, 20, 2018

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

SUMMARY Nahuel Beccan Davila, Beccan Davila Urbanismo Irene Pohl, Rebel Carolina Ramos, Move Mobility

Deltas around the world share similar challenges: environmental-sensitive pressure due to changes in land use, fragmentation in management to name a few. However, they also share similar advantages: intrinsic wealth of the soil, possibilities for new energy sources, new innovative uses, and new ways of production. The Municipality of Zárate, with its continental and insular area within the Paraná Delta, share this international framework of challenges and advantages. During two days of workshops, the integration of the continental and insular area was pursued through various ideas and projects. A group of “city makers” defined the amount of current or to-be-developed projects that contribute to this integration, and at the same time, contribute to the Delta’s sustainable development. The workshop was success2

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fully developed, largely due to the role of the local partner in the previous preparations. The results obtained are the initial stage towards a sustainable integration with climate adaptation for the whole Municipality of Zárate. The selected projects in the insular area are based on making use of existing nature, alternative economy, ecological tourism, water sports, natural water systems and social inclusion of the islanders. In the mainland area, the transformations have a more urban emphasis, except within the coastal identity of the city, which is similar to the waterfront, urban reserves, fishermen trade and ferry ports. The integration of both areas must be supported by an adequate mobility system in the insular area

and by an efficient connection with the continental area. The mobility strategy must guarantee the accessibility and habitability of the Municipality of Zárate as a whole: public transport (land and water), non-motorized networks, reorganization and categorization of the car network. The development of projects must contemplate a financial strategy that guarantees the costs of studies, execution and maintenance. The emblematic project chosen, the “Puerto de Pescadores” (the Fishermen’s Haven), should be located in a wide context, like a master plan for the entire area of the islands. Within this master plan an initial strategy must be developed: an axis of mixed development north-south, with connection through the Yrigoyen channel.

The final recommendations on the steps to follow should contemplate an investment in the “capacity building” of the local partner. The process of management and administration of these projects must be firmly anchored in an innovative management that guarantees the realization of the projects. All the proposed changes must be adapted to the current land use legislation (Preliminary delimitation of areas, 1983, Code of Islands, 2013), feeding its development, transformation and necessary adjustments Finally, it is very important to continue with the bottom-up work, where the summation of each County’s strategies to the river forms a “pearl necklace”, each with its own identity.

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

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CONTENTS 7 8

13 7 24 28 29 31 40 46 48 49 53 54

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Assignment 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Methodology

2 THE WORKSHOPS 2.1 Preparation • Previous analysis • Possible scenarios for Municipality of Zárate • Checklists • The “city makers” 2.2 Workshops in Zárate • Workshop day 1, November 1st • Workshops day 2, November 2nd 2.3 Outcomes • Key projects • Intermezzo Mentimeter • Selected Project, “Barrio de Pescadores” • Vision draft • Delta Manifesto

• Lessons about the workshop • Lessons about the deltas

3 RECOMMENDATIONS AND FOLLOW-UP

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3.1 Strategic Master Plan of Integration and Development 3.2 Initial Intervention Strategy 3.3 Upscaling 3.4 Capacity building

ANEXXES

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Annex 1 Agenda day 1 and 2, November Annex 2 List of participants Annex 3 Worktable

TEAMS Y CONTACT

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Assignment

1.- Zárate is one of the 135 “ partidos” that make up the province of Buenos Aires administratively. A “partido” functions as a municipality. This is a territorial extension where one or more cities or villages are located. In the Spanish version of this document it will be called “Partido de Zárate”.

The Municipality of Zárate’s1 major challenge is the sustainable integration of the insular area with the continental one. The latter, located on a cliff of the pampa plain, has a strong transformation and consolidation process in its spatial and economic functions, beginning with the Spanish conquest. Different kinds of industries are prevalent there and are directly linked to the national and international traffic networks within the Paraná de las Palmas fluvial axis. The insular area, is located between the Middle Delta of Paraná (from Villa Constitución to Ibicuy Islands) and Lower Delta (from Ibicuy Islands to the Río de la Plata mouth). Made up of consolidated islands or islands in the consolidation process, the insular area is ecologically rich and presents a significant potential for alternative economy. Integrating both tasks is similar to the challenges in other cities located in the pampa plain on the bank of the river Paraná, Paraná Delta, as well as Santa Fe, San Jeronimo, San Lorenzo, Rosario, San Nicolás, Ramallo, San Pedro, Baradero, Campana, Escobar, Tigre, San Fernando, Paraná, or those located on the other side of the Delta, as Diamante, Victoria and Gualeguay. This includes areas located in flood plains like the Ibicuy Islands. In an international context, the Delta transformation presents similar resilience challenges like ecologic imbalance, urban invasions, and land use transformation. Nevertheless, they have similar potential as possible LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

energy sources, alternative and sustainable economies, and new quality landscapes. (Urbanized deltas in transition, H.Meyer, 2014) The Netherlands Enterprise Agency (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland, RVO), part of the Ministry of Economy and Environment of the Netherlands, commissioned Beccan Davila Urbanismo along with Rebel, Move Mobility offices and the local partner Guillermo Gulden, president of the Zárate Architect Association, to carry out a two-day participative design workshop. This workshop took place on November 1st and 2nd in Zárate City, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

1.3 Methodology In order to contribute to the integration process of the Zárate areas in this first stage, aspire to be a reference pilot, and further the development of the Paraná Delta, we set the following workshop objectives: To design a Zárate mainland-island vision of integration outlines, that arranges the constructed space, nature, water, and connects with sustainable mobility. To define projects of strategic development from the unique features of Zárate. To select one or many flagship projects to be elaborated more specifically, along with a matrix of managers and local stakeholders for their management and co-funding.

1.2 Objectives

To contribute from a microscale vision to the sustainable development of the macro Delta. To develop a Manifesto of basic points of development in order

The objective of the assigned task was to design a draft of the vision to integrate the islands area with the mainland area and identify a number of projects with which to start the sustainable integration process of both areas. A second objective was to duplicate the process in other cities of the Paraná Delta. Lastly, this report aims to be a theoretical and practical contribution to the development of the Deltas around the world.

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to duplicate this project in other departments, cities and villages in the Delta.

The objectives were met through a participative design workshop which was mostly attended by a number of local “city makers”. The amount was delimited to ensure their functioning in three work groups, each of them under the coordination of a representative of our offices. On the first day, participants were divided into ecologists, entrepreneur developers, and designers; and the second day into managers and designers. Different topics like hydrology, forestry, mobility, tourism, planning and economy were covered.

Información: Literatura Actores de Zárate Talleres locales Investigación Diseñadores

Delta Paraná Desafios Zárate

Taller Zárate - Escenarios - Actores locales (city makers) - Inspiración - Diseño consensuado

- Visión - Estrategia - Manifiesto

Borrador de proyectos Fig.1, Methodology LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

The work structure consists in three inspiring lectures: “Vivir con agua y construir con la naturaleza” (Living with water and building with nature) by Nahuel Beccan Davila; “Smart Zárate” by Carolina Ramos; y “El valor de los Deltas” (The Value of Deltas) by Irene Phol. These lectures demonstrated the Dutch experience on topics of spatial organization, connectivity and financial strategies for both projects implemented in the Netherlands as well as in other countries. Subsequently, we worked with spatial scenarios already designed in-office through our own research and analysis, literature, and conversations with Zárate stakeholders. Through the “designing research” methodology, participants analyzed, discussed, and designed a draft of the vision for Zárate. The next step, they selected a number of possible projects for the insular area and the mainland. Finally, and by direct ballot, the most representative projects were elected. Due to the highly participative disposition, these projects can be considered as genuinely from Zárate. (see Annex 1, Workshop Agenda)

Fig.2, “Living with water and building with nature” by Nahuel Beccan Davila Fig.3, “Smart Zárate” by Carolina Ramos Fig.4, “The value of the Deltas “, by Irene Pohl

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2 THE DESIGN WORKSHOPS 2.1 Preparation Previous Analysis The Municipality of Zárate is part of a complex system of networks of cities by the river, logistic roads by land and fluvial, and at the same time, is part of one of the most important deltas of the world, Paraná Delta. A deeper logistic analysis of the microscale of Zárate and macro of the Paraná Delta is absolutely necessary to understand and discover the capacities of sustainable development. Likewise, it’s necessary to analyze in more detail the meaning and the identity that represents the encounter between two landscape units: Pampa Plains and Delta. On the border between them, Zárate can be found like the rest of the cities of this network. Finally, integration between the city and the island, reason of this report. Climate changes currently have generated new ideas about the organization of spaces and its management, marked for the need of resilience. New ways of economic productions, alternative energy use, smart mobility, and shared financial investments are topics of possible applications in Zárate, where the development of the islands are an explicit desire of the government sector, of the population, and developers.

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Paraná Delta Paraná Delta starts in the Diamante City in Entre Ríos province. Where it ends is called the Pre-delta and ends in the Río de la Plata estuary. This Delta is divided in three parts: Upper Delta, from Diamante until Villa Constitución in Provincia de Santa Fé; Middle Delta, from Villa Constitución until Ibicuy Islands; and finally, Lower Delta, from Ibicuy until the mouth of Río de la Plata. The extent of the Paraná Delta is 17500 km2. Paraná river is the most important river of this delta, being the sixth most important in plain rivers and the 14th of the longest rivers in the world. It is also the second largest in South America after the Amazon. It drains towards Río de la Plata, and upon receiving water from Río Uruguay, it forms Río de la Plata basin (with an area of 3,190,00km2) which is the fourth basin in the world. Paraná Guazú river, in front of Zárate, is the biggest of the branches of the Paraná Delta. It has a depth between 12 and 30 meters and is between 1 and 2 km wide. The river’s flow that Paraná river transports, is rich in sediments, composed of 25% clay, 15% sand and 60% silt. These elements are the ones that have formed the islands in the course of millions of years and are still forming. Paraná region, beside its ecology, is a complex scheme of managements, where provinces and parties participate. Fig. 1 and Fig.1a

Fig.1 structure of the Paraná Delta, elaborated by BD Urbanism Fig.1a historical structure of the Paraná Delta, Jesuit cartography source, by Furlong

The management of the region is currently regulated, among others, with the instrument PIECAS-DP (acronym in Spanish, Comprehensive Strategic Plan for the Conservation and Sustainable Management LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

in the Paranรก Delta, 2008). Also, different regulations developed by provinces and municipalities. Another instrument of great interest is zoning in ecological and landscapes units, based on Malva16 FINAL REPORT

rez and Brinson (1993). The landscape complexity is simplified in subordinate zonings to the hydrological regime of the unit as a whole. Fig.2

Fig.2 edaphology Delta of Paranรก, source PIECAS-DP), elaborated by BD Urbanism

Fig.3 zoning Delta del Paranรก, source Malvarez y Brinson, C.Bonfils, elaborated by BD Urbanism

The zoning in the area of the Lower Delta, Zone 1, is characterized by a pattern of islands and streams of different magnitudes; small islands shaped by small perimeter channels that

surround depressed areas, scrublands and forest from the Lower Delta. Fig.3 Finally, the A3 Unit is characterized by fragmented islands from artificial channels. Without

LIVING IN THE DELTA: Zร RATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

being exhaustive, this short analysis and inventory, indicates a landscape in transformation by human hands, but also by nature itself, with great occurrence of the growth of cities. Fig.4 The region Paraná Delta is “a large mosaic of wetlands”, with rich biodiversity, and a dynamic 18 FINAL REPORT

character in continuous process of transformation, both for nature and for man. This dynamism and existing zoning of landscapes are key to establishing a global and particular strategy for each landscape-hydrographic unit. This units should be completed with the process of transformation at the edges of the cities. Such as the

Fig. 4 Middle Delta zoning, Malvarez and Brinson source, elaborated by BD Urbanism

ones we propose in this report for the insular area in Zárate.

Municipality de Zárate

Fig.5 Location Municipality of Zárate and Municipality of Campana in the Delta, elaborated by BD Urbanism

On March, 19th, 1854 Municipality de Zárate was created after a long administrative process. The Municipality consists of the Zárate city, head of the Municipality and towns in Lima, Escalada and Islas Talabera and Botija. It has two areas with a wide range, the mainland and the islands. The surface of the Municipality is 1,202 km2; the insular area is approximately 650 km2, or 65.000 hectares in the pre-delta Río de la Plata. This is equivalent to 54% of the total of the Municipality. With an approximate population of 130,000 inhabitants, the population density is 2,05 inhab./ha in the mainland area and 0,012 inhab./ha in the inland area. Most of the inhabitants are concentrated in Zárate city. On the islands, the population settles mainly in the margins of Pasaje Talabera of Paraná de las Palmas river and the Paran Guazú river. Zárate is located strategically where the metropolitan north axis, Paraná river, and the Mercosur corridor are linked. As a result, Zárate is consolidated as a commercial center of services, industry, and logistics with a strong port culture using traffic and fluvial networks. The Zárate-Brazo Largo complex connects to the Municipality through the Ruta Nacional No. 12 (National Route No. 12) with the north of the country and the borderline countries of Mercosur. Fig.5 and Fig.6. LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

Fig.6 Municipality of Zรกrate, continental and insular area, elaborated by BD Urbanism

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Fig.7 waterfront in 1880, internet source

The mainland area is characterized by urban sprawl, which is typical of a plain. The villages of Lima and Escalada are located a short distance, but its morphology and history are more related to the plain than the river. Part of Zárate was developed in the cliff’s high area, in front of the river, and the lower part was originally where seaport functions were carried out. Fig.7a. This waterfront has great potential and is being transformed by local entrepreneurs that increase the city’s quality. Nevertheless, Zárate’s morphology, similarly to other cities by the river, has no connection with the river.

Urban density and its typology express the morphologic formation, but also the roads and the connection possibilities of the city itself with the plain and the islands. Fig.7, Fig. 8 and Fig.9. The insular area is divided by the Paraná river and linked by the Zárate bridge (vehicular and railway). It is formed and in process of formation by nutrient rich sediments. Only one sector is accessible by land, approximately 7%, the rest is by river.

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

Fig.7 urban densities and characteristics of Municipality of Zรกrate, elaborated by SuJu Architectuur

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Fig.8 urban densities and characteristics city of Zรกrate, elaborated by SuJu Architectuur

LIVING IN THE DELTA: Zร RATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

This area is characterized by forestry, tourism, and leisure on a small scale but with great potential and very slow density urban sprawl. There are clusters of islanders, as well as scattered houses. A natural water channel network and vegetation highlight this unique landscape. The river banks are high and the center is formed by lagoons and swamps. It is necessary to research this landscape more in depth to establish its dynamic hydrological relations and true economic potential.

Possible scenarios for Municipality of Zárate The design workshop was based on the active participation of the “city makers”. They took three possible reference scenarios for the Municipality of Zárate. The scenarios were created in the office after previous analysis. On the basis of the conclusion, Zárate’s strength lies in the efficient use of the synergy between urban-rural areas and islands. This synergy could be channeled through a holistic vision that incorporates the whole territory. The scenarios give a spatial and use frame of this integration and are the starting point to design a strategic vision and to determine which projects are necessary. Taking into account the challenges of the Municipality of Zárate, the scenarios are based on topics of land use, possible functions, connectivity and type of management. Fig.9 urban structure city of Zárate, elaborated by BD Urbanism

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Scenario 1, ZÁRATE DELTA Emphasis Integration of the territory through ecology, landscape and hydrology Land use - Density variation in the continent, low density in the islands with concentration in ecological “acupuncture”. - Large percentage of islands remain untouched and subject to natural changes (floods, sediment deposit, etc.) - “Green-blue” initiatives (forestry, ecology, hydrology) - Recovery of hydrological structure in the mainland and islands (space for rivers) - Development of waterfront (cities by the river) - Resilience transformation in Zárate, Lima and Escalada Main functions - Nature, fishing, natural energy, ecological tourism Connections - Fluvial connections with and in the islands - Slow recreation network connections in the islands Management Centralized, with stringent management instruments

Fig.10 Zárate Delta scenario, elaborated by BD Urbanismo LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

Scenario 2, Zร RATE URBANO Emphasis Integration of the territory through the limited and strategic occupation of the islands, with emphasis in urban centers, located to the west of the Municipality. Land use - Density variation in the continent, concentrated in urban centres and along the banks. - Limited, strategic and harmony use with ecology in the islands. - Development along the Canal Irigoyen axis - Resilience transformation in Zรกrate, Lima and Escalada Main functions - Alternative and ecologic housing, fishing, tourism ecological. Connections - Fluvial connections with and in the islands - New bridge on the river to joining urban centers. - Fluvial connections in the islands - Reinforcement of infrastructural axis east-west and north-south Management - Semi-decentralized, with flexible management instruments, space for innovative initiatives (floating homes, buildings with nature)

Fig.11 Zรกrate Urbano scenario, elaborated by BD Urbanismo

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Scenario 3, ZÁRATE MIXTO Emphasis Integration of the territory through the independent development incentive, both in the mainland and the islands. Land use - Development of the islands from private initiative that reinforce ecology, hydrology and security of the islands. - Development of the mainland with initiatives that reinforce the mainland character, reconstruction of rivers and revaluation of public transportation. - Development of waterside (cities by the river) - Resilience transformation in Zárate, Lima and Escalada Main functions - Nature, fishing, natural energy, tourism, forestry - Other productive alternatives, apicultures, wicker, etc. Connections - Fluvial connections with and in the islands - Emphasis in river transport - Slow recreation network connections in the islands Management - Decentralized, with flexible management instruments

Fig.12 Zárate Mixto scenario, elaborated by BD Urbanismo LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

Checklists In order to maximize the limited time of the workshop and acquire the necessary input from the stakeholders, an efficient group work strategy was developed. This consisted on a set of tables that would be given depending on the phase of the workshop. The first table for the first stage of the workshop (Annex 3) had as purpose the proposal, by each group, of eight projects per scenario (four projects for the urban/territorial area and four for the Islas). The proposed project needed to be justified by filling the following items of the table:

• Benefits on the Delta of Paraná • Impact (either positive or negative) on the environment, society, mobility and the urban setting. • Possible source of income of the project • Challenges and prerequisites for its achievement.

This first table was important because it invited the participants to propose projects that were “out of the box” and that had a greater impact that just Zárate. From this table and the justification of each project, the participants were expected to select two projects which had the greatest benefit for the society as a whole. The main goal of the second table was to develop first insights into what is needed to have a financially feasible project. This includes having an understanding of the investments needed, 28 FINAL REPORT

the beneficiaries (and thus potential supporters) of the project, the negative effects (and thus potential opposition) related to the project, other stakeholders that are needed to realize the project (complexity), a first glance at the business case (are there any own financial revenues or will it be a cost-project). For this the following aspects needed to be filled in: Elements of the project: The participants were asked to define the major elements of the projects, in order to come from a conceptual idea to a more concrete project definition. Naming and listing the different elements of the project can give a first idea of the technical complexity of the project. Costs related to the elements of the project: participants were stimulated to think further than just the obvious investment; for example, a ferry system does not only require the ferryboats, but also piers, parking, connection from and to the ferry, etc. Beneficiaries: By focusing on the major beneficiaries, the participants can get a feeling about potential supporters of the project – support is needed to develop an idea further, to communicate and promote an idea, but also to fund the investments. Future beneficiaries might also be potential funders of the project. • Negative impacts: next to understanding the positive effects / benefits of a project and the people that benefit, it is very important to not forget the negative

impacts at an early stage of a project. Being aware of negative effects can help to optimize the project (in order to minimize those negative effects) and to see and manage opposition to a project before it is too late. • Needed stakeholders to the development of the project: next to stakeholders that are directly impacted by the project, other stakeholders might be needed to develop and realize a project (e.g. institutions that provide permits, organizations to coordinate with, etc.) . Drafting a first list of those stakeholders can provide insights into the complexity of a project. • Possible source of income of the project: Financial feasibility of a project is very crucial and also gives an indication of the potential project ‘owner’. A first step to understanding the financial feasibility of a project is to assess whether the project has any (commercial) revenue potential of its own.

Other earning/winnings: The second step to assess financial feasibility is to see whether there are other potential sources of income: from the public sector, from non-governmental institutions, from other donors. In order to identify these potential sources, it is crucial to understand the benefits and beneficiaries (see above).

The “city makers” In this workshop phase, and as a first “consultation” to the “city makers”, the number of participants was reduced to a small core of 20 people per day so the workshop can continue in an efficient manner, with clear involvement and performance of the guests. With the indispensable collaboration of the local partner, the following participant profile was stablished:

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

Managers: those who regulate the land, develop tools, facilitator of entrepreneurships, channeling funds.

Developers: those who take building, production, transformation, socialization ideas

Ecologists: those who protect, ensure, preserve the landscape as well as the buildings.

Users: those who live in the island, with specific needs

Designers: those who interpret the previous through sketches, schemes, designs.

Fig.13 the city makers

The result was the participation of the Zรกrate municipality that covered many of these stakeholders, members of the Zรกrate Architect Association, private developers, traders, social and sports clubs, settlers, tourism entrepreneurs and environmentalists. (Annex 2. List of participants). We consider this participation to be enough for this workshop phase, where rich discussions and agreements were reached, but above all, a consensus of a shared future vision was established for the choice of key projects and a flagship project.

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2.2 Workshops in Zárate

The intensive days yielded the following results per scenario:

WORKSHOP DAY 1, NOVEMBER 1ST SCENARIO 1, ZÁRATE DELTA Insular area projects 1. Fishing circuit The creation of this circuit in the north sector of the islands, in the junction between the Talabera river and Paraná Guazú river, will allow to increase the economy through the fisheries sector, allowing also the creation and development of markets, piers and complementary sectors. Finally, it can generate important tourism developments. 2. Ecological water sports circuit Zárate has a great tradition of water sports, for example, being this year’s rowing national champion. Water sports have a great involvement in the community and involve an active social presence. This circuit uses some natural streams and led to the creation of an Olympic rowing course, linked to a complementary infrastructure development, for example mountain biking. This project will be implemented with emphasis in ecology and landscape conservation.

Fig.14 result of the scenario and projects, elaborated by participant group

3. Museum Delta Native Peoples Cemetery The native peoples of the delta have left their mark in the area. The project aims to rescue the LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

memory of the past of the islands through the creation of an historical museum that links the DNA of the first inhabitants and current developments. Deepening the memory will result in a better understanding of, among others, the balanced use of soil and the coexistence with the water that had the native peoples of the place. 4. Eco hotel, bird watching park, Ñacurutu Interpretation Center The hotel will be located nearby the ecological reserve Isla Botija (730 ha). It’s intended to receive tourists interested in nature, taking advantage of the flora and fauna rich zone.

Mainland area projects 5. Witcel market This project, within the waterfront development, will give space to commercialize regional products, and this way reinforce local economy. This is a space with possibilities to expose new organic products developed in the island area. 6. Muelle de Celulosa The project has the objective to rescue the ferry function, and to continue to take advantage of the waterways to reinforce the connectivity and decrease pollution. 7. Barrio de Pescadores (Puerto Escala) This project is located in the mainland area, near the base of the bridge, at the end of the water32 FINAL REPORT

front. The focus in on entrepreneurship for local fisherman, to reinforce the economy, and boost the Zárate’s traditional and cultural sector. The project combines a ferry pier that connects the waterfront sector where an entrepreneurship of water sports is located. 8. Lima connection with the island front Lima does not have a direct relationship with the culture and presence of the river. In order to benefit from the qualitative and functional advantages of the coast, this project proposes a connecting path, natural, towards a space to the river, that at the same time could be a Lima recreational area, and a connecting pier for a ferry. The selected projects by this group were: Eco-hotel, bird-watching park, Ñacurutú Interpretation Center and Barrio de Pescadores. These two projects form a clear line of development between both sectors, linked by the water culture, fishering, local trade and tourism.

SCENARIO 2, ZÁRATE URBANO Scenario 2 is characterized by a limited, strategic occupancy of the islas – smaller scale developments in the islas, an a focus of larger urban developments around Zárate. Those developments will potentially be realized between the existing urban areas (Lima, Zárate, Campana) with a focus on the waterfront. This requires resilient, adaptive

solutions, in order to account for the changing water levels of the river. On the islas, developments will be realized in harmony with the ecology of the island and will be limited to some ‘patches’ and strategic locations. A focus area for residential development could be along the canal Yrigoyen. “Alternative” solutions and functions for economic activity and living will be coming into focus, such as organic production and eco-tourism. Mobility and connectivity need to be improved in order to realize these developments: connections between the islas and the landside via bridges or via the water, mobility along and via the water within the islas (canals), as well as on a larger scale, connection of the Municipality with the rest of the delta and towards Buenos Aires and the sea. These developments will be realized in a semi-decentralized manner: dynamic, flexible management by the public sector that leaves room for private (if possible, sustainable) initiatives.

Insular area projects

Fig.15 result of the scenario and projects, elaborated by participant group

9. Ferry: Fast Circuit In order to connect the islands, the city of Zárate, other settlements and places of interest along the river, as well as the settlement in the north, the participants suggested a ‘fast ferry circuit’. In order to realize that project, ferry stops and ferry boats need to be established. Also, investments in the canals might be necessary. Transportation of people and goods as well as potentially machinery and larger equipment could be arranged LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

by the new ferry. Benefits would include reduced travel time, better connectivity, and potentially, CO2-reduction (less transportation purely by vehicle). 10. Ferry: Recreational Circuit In addition to the above-mentioned fast circuit, the participants suggested a slower circuit that would focus on recreational connectivity. The slow circuit would consist of smaller ferries and would use the smaller canals of the islands. The envisioned users would be both local inhabitants enjoying the ferry rides in the weekends, as well as tourists that visit Zárate and the green islas, for example, from the Buenos Aires area. 11. Ecological Reserve In order to enhance the environmental and ecological value of the islas and in order to make this value accessible for locals and tourists, more ecological reserves could be established. These reserves could either be along the south shore of the islas (towards the river), in the proximity of the current ecological reserve, or along/ close to the canal. These locations would ease access for ecotourists – which could be a potential source of funding as well. 12. Port for fishery and other produce Residents of Zárate and of the islas fish for own consumption – and some sell excess catch. The participants suggested that a small port for fishery, with opportunities to land and store the 34 FINAL REPORT

boats, present and sell the fish, could be a nice addition. They suggested the Puente towards Entre Ríos as a potential location for the port, as this area is already popular for fishing – and well connected.

Mainland area projects 13. New ferry station In order to establish a water transit circuit (fast and/or slow) with ferries, ferry stations need to be developed. The main location on the land-side would be a ferry ‘terminal’ close to the city centre – potentially at the spot of the old ferry station close to the bridge. Adding (bus) parking facilities as well as a potentially a connection to the train route could make the ferry terminal an intermodal hub. 14. Zárate+, a self-sustainable village on the islas The participants of the group were against major urban/ real estate developments on the islas. However, they did see potential for a low-density development in the corner of the islands where the southern ‘arm’ of the Paraná connects back to the main river. The development of a residential area/ village on that corner of the islas would have to start from scratch, as there are no utilities such as electricity, water supply, sewerage, garbage collection, etc. While this could be seen as a large challenge, it could also be a great chance for an alternative approach: the participants agreed

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that it could be an interesting pilot area for a self-sustainable residential area, following the ‘circular economy’ approach to re-use garbage, have local, renewable energy production etc. Even more visionary, such a pilot area could be an opportunity to establish a new industry branch in Zárate – which would remove the dependence on the automotive sector. The preliminary name of this development is ‘Zárate+’ (Zárate más), a playful juxtaposition to the current re-development “Zárate Chico”. 15. Train station Paraná Further, on the land side, the participants zoomed in on urban development opportunities to the west of Zárate, towards Lima. In and around the residential area of Las Palmas, opportunities for residential development are present. In order to make te area more attractive – and to prevent traffic by car (matching the sustainability idea, see above)- an additional train station could be realized to improve connectivity. In addition, a proper road connection from that train station to the water connection to the sustainable village on the islas (see above) could be established, to improve connectivity to and from the islas. 16. Urban expansion along the coast The participants also saw potential for urban development along the river bank of the land side, north of Zárate – similar to the Master Plan Costanera. Living at the waterfront is attractive

– especially with a green belt (potentially natural reserve, see above) on the other side of the river on the islas. Adaptation measures would have to be considered, though, in order to account for different water levels. The participants of Group 2 on Day 1 selected the self-sustaining, low density development ‘Zárate+’ on the corner of the islas as one of their favorite projects, as it is an innovative project that could not only benefit the potential residents but also be the start of a new image and economic sector for Zárate. The participants further selected the ferry network (fast and slow) as a crucial element to start the development of the islas and to improve connectivity and identity of Zárate within the delta. The ferry can also be replicated in the wider delta area.

SCENARIO 3, ZÁRATE MIXTO As mentioned before, this scenario consisted on integrating the Islas territory by further developing the current private developments in the Islas. The stakeholders were encouraged to proposed projects that fit in this scenario. In the beginning the participants were reluctant to propose any development project due to the lack of connectivity and access to an adequate transport system. Previous investors had manifested their interest to further develop projects in the Isla however the reduced and poor connectivity from and to the area, hindered the

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

process. Thus, the eight projects proposed by the participants are a combination of mobility ideas and urban developments. These are:

Insular area projects 17. Nautical Project The Club Naútico from Zárate is owner from a section from the Isla side. One of the suggested projects was to develop a new National Rowing Course which main purpose would be to support the current track (Aliviador Canal from the Reconquista River, Buenos Aires Province) which is highly polluted. For the participants, this project has several advantages: increase of tourism, employment and a new image for the city. Furthermore, they perceive it as an “easy-toimplement” project due to the fact that the land belongs to a private institution. 18. Dredging Ñacurutú Stream Mobility in the Islas area is limited to water transportation via the streams of the Paraná and Talabera Rivers. The Ñacurutú stream is one of the main mobility corridors in the Isla and has the potential to become a North-South corridor if dredging works are performed to connect it to the Talabera river. This project increases the accessibility of the isolated communities to education, health and work. Additionally, this corridor has the potential to reduce travel times between the areas inside the Islas. Fig.16 result of the scenario and projects, elaborated by participant group

38 FINAL REPORT

19. Transversal Mobility Corridor As mentioned before, transport inside the Isla is limited to water transport. Thus, the participants proposed the development of a transversal mobility corridor that starts in the Bartolomé Mitre Bridge and goes through (perpendicular to the Bridge) inside the Isla. This corridor is meant only for, pedestrians, cyclist, small public transport and private vehicles, this last one with restrictions. A satellite parking will be implemented at the beginning of the corridor, next to the bridge. This project increases the potential new business in the island such as livestock and agriculture small industries. 20. Expansion Ecotourism Isla Botija Currently Isla Botija, at the north of Zárate, has small entrepreneur tourism businesses but it is being threatened due to the growth of illegal settlements in its surroundings. This project consists on generating a land-use law that regulates the activities in the area, focusing on sustainable tourism. Besides expanding the current protected area and increase tourism in the island, this new business model will generate employment and income for the current families living on this sector. Furthermore, the participants of the workshop believe that with this sort of ideas, families will stay in their land and work for its development.

Mainland area projects 21. Lima – Isla corridor Although part of Zárate Province, Lima has been considered an outsider in terms of integrated planning. According to the workshop participants, Lima has even requested to be a more independent territory. Lima does not have an adequate road transport that connects with the river and hence, has no direct connectivity with the Isla. The proposed project consists hence, on development an inland and water connection with the Isla. In the future, this corridor is considered as a potential economical logistic corridor. 22. Coast Ecological Park This project consists on the extension of the current coast ecological park/area. After the development of the first protected area, an increase of sustainable developments began. Tourism, employments, urban renovation and security was brought to an area that was considered a loss. With this project the participants expect to facilitate social integration, connectivity and most importantly, a controlled, planned development of the cost is performed. 23. Ferry Lima – Zárate – Campana One common ground amongst all the participants was the poor public transport between these 3 areas. They recognize that there is a great potential of an urban public corridor along the Paraná River via a Ferry. Currently there is a Ferry in Campana that serves its side of the Isla

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

(which is further developed). The creation of this Ferry not only would accelerate the economical potential of these 3 cities, but would reduce time travels for the persons working/living between these zones. It also has a great tourist attraction factor.

20 1

24. Renovation of the old port The old port was an economical gem of Zárate and the participants perceive that if it recuperates it previous glory it can become a great tourist and economical centre. It can be the start up for a bigger Ferry system, new industrial companies, etc. investing in the port always increases the economy which is directly reflected in the job accessibility.

15 23 21 8

19 24

16 22

10 17 5

The chosen projects from day one in the Group 3 where the extension of the Coast Park and the Transversal Mobility Corridor. These were chosen due to social impact and the connectivity benefits that will bring further development not only in the Isla but also in the territorial area.

WORKSHOP 2, NOVEMBER 2ND At the end of the first day, the workshop concluded that Scenario 3, Zárate Mixto, had few possibilities to be developed. The individuals invited suggested Fig.17, location and projects table of all projects, day 1, elaborated by BD Urbanismo

40 FINAL REPORT

13 7

Proyecto

Nombre del proyecto

Elementos del proyecto

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Circuito de pesca Circuito deportivo naútico ecológico Museo cementerio pueblos originales del delta Eco-Hotel, parque observatorio de aves, mariposas, ñacurutu Mercado Witcez Muelle de celulosa Barrio de pescadores (puerto escala) Conexión Lima con frente isleño Circuito rápido Circuito recreativo lento Reserva ecológica Puerto de pesca y ventas Nueva estación Ferry Zárate+ Estación balsa entre Chacras y Las islas Expansión urbana costera Proyecto naútico Arroyo Ñacurutu Corredor transversal de movilidad sustentable Botija eco-tradicional turístico Corredor Lima-Isla Parque costanero ecológico Ferry Lima-Zárate-Campana Renovación puerto viejo

Muelles, guías, mercados Pista de remo (olímpica nacional), circutio Mountain Bike Edificación Edificación, plataformas, eco hotel Espacio de comercialización de productos, integración locales Muelle Ferry Ordenamiento, pescadores locales, mercado, muelles, deporte Muelles Ferry Canal, puente, microurbanizaciones Lanchas (transporte público) Conexión con la reserva originaria y la costera Estación desde Zárate (vía rápida) Villa sustentable Infraestructura hídrica Pista remo, muelle, servicios, hoteles Dragado para conexión con Talavera Dragado para canal funcional, puente Viviendas fin de semana, alojamientos

Fig.18 result of the scenario and projects, elaborated by participant group

to work on the other two scenarios, which more realistically reflect the Zárate’s problems and challenges. Fig.17.

SCENARIO 1, ZÁRATE DELTA

of the natural resources, pollution. Declaring the area as a Municipal Protected Area will control the previous items as well as setting the “rules of the game” in the Isla. This means, connectivity projects, sustainable tourism developments and environmental protection which can be an example for other areas in the Delta.

Insular area projects 1. Municipal Ecological Protected Island Currently, the Isla is considered as an ecological protected area but not from the Municipality. This has created ambiguity and misunderstandings of what ecological area means which has led to illegal settlements, uncontrolled exploitation

2. Waste water treatment plant Currently, effluents from all the different premises from Zárate are directly discharged to the Paraná river without previous treatment. Although the river is not complete polluted, some effects from this constant activity might be seen

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

in the future (i.e. lack of fish, bad odor) which could potentially affect the current raising tourism. Even though this project is only for the main urban area, it can have a replication potential in other cities of the Delta, reducing the impact to this important water spectrum. 3. Artisan apiculture and fishing Artisan apiculture and fishing activities are performed in a very small scale by different residents in the Isla area. The participants of the workshop believe that these activities combined with a sustainable tourism, water connectivity and spaces to share the products, can become the key to the development of Isla. The realization of this project needs the complete support of the government as well as a lot of social participation. The success will be reflected on less residents leaving to urban areas. 4. Canals for water management As mentioned in one of the projects of Group 3 on the first day, several of the smaller canals connecting the bigger rivers are completely blocked by a dense forest or the depth is not enough to circulate. The participants believe that if the different canals are properly defined and cleaned, water management in the area becomes easier allowing possible new uses of the land such local cattle. There are not many economic activities in the Isla area due to the high risk of flooding. Hence, for the participants, any type of new â&#x20AC;&#x153;business modelâ&#x20AC;? or development in the Isla 42 FINAL REPORT

must be linked to a proper water management strategy.

Mainland area projects 5. Emergency cattle field For the participants, sustainable cattle can be one of the land-use purposes of the Isla. However, the flooding generates a higher risk for this activity. One of the solutions would be to create an Emergency Field in the territorial area of ZĂĄrate. The group perceive Lima as the best place to locate this new area since it will increase the economic development of both cities. The project would consist of a port in the Isla side as well as in Lima. In the case of a flooding, cattle would be transported by boat to Lima. 6. Sport complex for nautical activities in Isla. Similar to one of the proposals of Group 3 on the first day, this group perceived that the best to keep a sustainable development in the Isla is by promoting activities that are not too prejudicial to the environment. Since the Nautical Club has a private area in the Isla, the participants think that water activities are the best way to start developing a new use of the land in that side of the Isla. It will become a tourist attraction point as well as a future National Rowing field. 7. Touristic public corridor Public transport is scares in the area which hinders the development of current and future tour-

Fig.19 result of the scenario and projects, elaborated by participant group

ism projects. The proposal of the participants was to develop touristic public transport lines (terrestrial and water) in order to promote and encourage other citizens to visit the area. This public transport routes are also social inclusive because they will connect areas that in the moment are isolated. 8-Reforestation Several flooding in the Isla and in the main urban areas are due to the nature of a Delta but also due to deforestation. The participants propose a reforestation campaign along the costs of both areas to prevent severe flooding. The new trees must be native of the area. The chosen projects from day two in the Group 1 where Canals for water management and Touristic public corridor. Both projects emphasize the need for greater connectivity, in this case with a strong fluvial relationship, improvement and treatment of the network channels connected by an innovative mobility.

SCENARIO 2, ZÁRATE URBANO As described above, scenario 2 focusses on an urban Zárate and a limited, strategic development of the islas, in harmony with the ecological value and its function within the delta.

Insular area projects 9. “Bridge of fish”(Puente de Peces)- mixed development with fish cluster The islas have an abundance of fish. Residents of Zárate and of the islas fish for own consumption – and some sell excess catch. The workshop participants saw potential for expanding the fishing activities, and marketing them more professionally in order to enhance tourism. One concrete project to support this idea would be the development of a small ‘fishery port’ with a market to sell

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

fish, facilities to land (and repair) boats, shops with fishing supply, accommodation and fishing excursion for tourists, etc. A potential location for such a port could be close to the bridge to Entre Ríos (Brazo Largo), where the current population is already quite active in fishing. Investments would also have to be made in dredging small canals through the islas (both east and west of the canal) in order to enhance the attractiveness for (fishing) tourism. 10. Road connection and electricity for the island A couple of producers were present at the table for scenario 2. They highlighted the importance of a proper road connection to the heart of the islas - as well as a electricity along that road. With that project, the connectivity to the producers’ lots of the islands would be greatly improved (important for transporting the needed machinery and supplies, as well as the produce/ goods), and a higher productivity would be achieved with stable electricity. The use of generators (and respective CO2 emissions) could be reduced as well. For the benefits of the road to take effect, a connection between the islas and the main land needs to be developed as well (e.g. a bridge or ferry over the canal). 11. Organic agricultural production The soil of the islas is fertile and water supply is good. The participants saw an opportunity for developing the ‘corner’ of the islas close to Chacras for agricultural production. The current social 44 FINAL REPORT

trend for local and organic food could be a development to take into account and to benefit from. The participants suggested, for example, to focus on organic fish, honey, crops and potentially also cattle and forestry. 12. Zoning of ecological reserve and (agricultural) production The participants agreed that a complete development of the island for (agricultural/ forest) production is not ideal. They developed the idea to establish more ecological reserves, for example, along the riverbanks to the south of the islas, as well as other larger patches in the center of the island as well as along the canal. Good planning and coordination is needed not in order not to lose the potential for touristic development and the ecological function and value, while benefitting from the good production conditions.

Mainland area projects 13. Implementation of the Master Plan Costanera On the landside, the participants could see the main residential developments to take place along the riverbank, such as already laid out in the Master Plan Costanera. A long-term perspective is needed to transform (former) industrial areas to non-industrial use over time as well, in order to have one ‘unbroken’ riverbank. The development of the Master Plan could potentially ease the pressure on the islands, as urban growth could then be realized on the landside.

14. Expansion of Lima Another opportunity for urban development is Lima. The town is surrounded by land that can (rather) easily be developed for real estate. Over time, Lima and Zárate could grow ‘together’, especially if connectivity between the towns is good. Just like the development of the Costanera Master Plan, more urban development in Lima could take away pressure to develop the islas for residential use. 15. Road development to connect highway - Lima – river Paraná In order for the organic agricultural development on the islas to work, a connection must be established between the production site (islas) and the autopista. This potentially includes a ferry con-

nection (see next point) and a proper road connection from the ferry landing site to towards the autopista. With this connection, produce could be transported from the islas to the users (in the Zárate area as well as Buenos Aires). 16. Ferry The participants agreed that a true development of the Zarata as a city along the delta can only be realized if transportation on the water is improved. A public or private ferry system that connects at least the ‘new’ organic agricultural production site with the main land, and with the city centre is needed. Investments in ferry stations/ terminals and the the ferry boats are needed. A transportation and communication plan must be established to stimulate the use of

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

the ferry (especially if an alternative such as the car is available). The participants of Group 2 on Day 2 chose the fishery cluster close to the Guayas brigde (Puente de Peces) as well as the development of an organic agricultural area on the corner of the islas as the two most promising projects. The fishery cluster would enhance an already strong fishing culture and could lead to economic activity through branding the area for fishing and eco-tourism. The focus of organic production in the islas would be supporting the idea of a production on the island ‘in harmony’ with the ecological value – and it could establish a new economic impuls.

Next, the description of the final products obtained:

Key projects During the two days of the workshop, a total of 40 projects described here were defined. From them, 10 were selected for the island area and 10 for the mainland area to be developed, which gave a final selection of 10 key projects. The last step consisted of voting by the participants where a flagship project was elected and the rest of the projects were sorted by priority. This is the prioritized result according to the number of votes:

4 16 8

13 7

Nombre del proyecto

9 10

Puente-Desarrollo mixto con cluster de peces Camino + Electricidad

11 12 13 14 15 16 1

Producción biológico mixta Reserva + Producción Realización Master Plan Costanera Expansión de Lima Camino: Lima-Rio, autopista: Parada y Rio Estacionamiento Ferry Reserva Municipal ecológica

2 3

Tratamiento de efluentes de cloacas Protección y promoción de apicultura y pesca artesanal

Canales para el manejo del agua

5 6

Desarrollo sitio pastoril Desarrollo de campus deportivo-actvidiades recreativas naúticas Bus turístico: línea terrestre y fluvial Forestación con especies nativas en los Albardones (protección de costas)

7 8

Elementos del proyecto Turismo, recreativo, peces, urbanización, naturaleza Movieminto del suelo (sin asfalto) diques, pequeños puentes, tendido de red Pesca, miel, agricultura orgánica, forestal Nuevas reservas, humedales, zonas de forestación Transformación de la costa: vivir y recreación

Conectividad caminos, regulación condiciones (ecohoteles) Planta de tratamiento Apoyo de red de transporte ecológica, apoyo financiero, espacios de comercialización productos Canalizar arroyos existentes, avenamiento, saneamiento Puerto en combinación p-emergencia agropecuaria Vestuarios, servicios, energía sustentable, armarios, transporte fluvial, etacionamiento satélite Bus, lanchas, muelles Pindó, alisos, palmas en general

Fig.20, location and projects table of all projects, day 2, elaborated by BD Urbanismo

46 FINAL REPORT

15 14

Proyecto

2.3 Outcomes

3 4 1 Orden

Nombre del proyecto

Costos

Puente de peces "Puente Guayas"

Uso mixto+ orgánico miel

Movimiento del suelo, diques, energía, Ferry, estacionamientos, baños, depósitos, cerco

Productores

Corredor turístico

Vehículos, construcción muelles, miradores, terminales, servicios públicos

Isleños, turismo, propietarios (plusvalía), microemprendedores, gobierno

Avenamiento y canalización

Dragado, limpieza, refulado, combustible, salarios

Puerto barrio de pescadores

Beneficiarios (efectos positivos)

¿Efectos negativos?

Caminos (mejora), cabañas, residuos (sólidos Turistas, sector turístico, vecinos, productores Residuos (si no hay planta, otra solución), riesgo-legalización de la tenencia del de las islas, trabajo líquidos), conexión campana (lancha, bus) suelo, competencia con entre rios estacionamiento, centro comercial, educación

1. Barrio de Pescadores Pier, 50 votes 2. Mixed-organic use, 35 votes 3. Touristic corridor, 21 votes 4. North boardwalk extension, 20 votes 5. Channeling and drainage, 18 votes 6. Puente de peces “Puente guayas”, 5 votes 7. Eco-hotel, park reserve (bird-watching, interpreting center) 10 votes 8. Ferry network, 3 votes 9. Transversal corridor of sustainable mobility, 0 votes 10. Zárate +, 0 votes Actores involucrados

Ingresos potenciales

Otras ganancias

Municipio, turismo, planificadores, infraestructura, Hotel, venta productos (%), tickets, tasas municipales, impuesto prefectura (Ferry) provincial, plusvalía, zonificación Productores, propietarios, municipio, prefectura (Ferry)

Venta de productos, (%), impuestos

Mayor impacto en la movilidad, residuos, contaminación, fauna y flora

Pobladores locales, gobiernos, extranjeros (máxima), PPP

Pasajes, impuesto selectivo, ingresos turismo, privados

Productores, isleños, ciudadanos, mejojra la topografía, reducción de riesgos productivos

Medio ambiente, factor antrópico

Gobierno local, isleños

Venta de productos, (%), impuestos

Plusvalia económica

Población local, percadores, nexo, produtores locales

Combustible (alternativas susntetables)

Municipio, sistema plusvalía, Sapem, pescadores, dueños de la tierra

Mercado, turismo

Eco hotel, parque reserva (observación de aves, centro interpretación)

Co-financiamiento, fundación de aves, internar, públco privado, plusvalía

Población local y regional

Impacto ambiental

Idem, Sapem, Municipalidad, dueños de la tierra

Fundaciones y turistas

Red de Ferry

Ferries, estacionamientos

Jóvenes (recreativo), trabjo, amplia servicios, transporte, bienestar, norte canal, turismo

Logística hidrovia, impacto ambiental, ruido

Municipio, transporte, prefectura, turismo, infraestructura, planeación, participación ciudadana, microempresarios, privado

Tickets, impuesto especial, plusvalía, importe inmobiliario

Zárate+

Movilidad, infraestructura, servicios, autosustentable

Población (isla y territorios) turismo, inta

Logística hidrovia, impacto ambiental, ruido

Medio ambiente, Estado Nacional, Municipio, innovación, Gob. Provincial

Impuestos, alquiler, concesiones

Turismo, productores, deportes

Extesión Norte costanera

Embarcaciones, atracaderos, tablestacado

Población local, gobierno, comerciantes

Mínimo impacto

Gobierno provincial, local, sociedad civil, ONG

Boletos, turismo

Corredor de movilidad transversal

relleno canalización

Población isleña

Mínimo impacto, escurrimiento-aguas

Gobierno local, sociedad civil, ONG, medio ambiente

Turismo

Conectividad del territorio por medio fluvial y terrestre, desarrollo

Integración territorial (islas), sentido de pertenencia y arraigo, emprendimientos sostenibles, regularización de sistema dominial

Fig.21, location and characteristics table of key projects, elaborated by BD Urbanismo LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

Intermezzo Mentimeter An interactive intermezzo was performed in order to direct a holistic thinking to the middle-lower Paraná Delta scale. The participants were asked which type of function (productive, commercial, social, etc.) Municipality of Zárate could give to the development in a macro scale. A participative mentimeter software was used (www.mentimeter.com), which consists of writing a maximum of three words per participant through a mobile phone. The result in both days showed that the function “tourism” is the most important for the Zárate to collaborate with the Delta in general. The rest of the mentioned topics in mentimeter is an aggregation of interests that were reflected in the selected projects, such as alternative energy, production, fishing, agriculture, landscape, ecology and agritourism, amoung others. Fig. 22 and Fig.23 Fig.22 function selected, day 1, source www.mentimeter.com Fig.23 function selected, day 2, source www.mentimeter.com

48 FINAL REPORT

SELECTED PROJECT, “BARRIO DE PESCADORES”, 50 VOTES The participants of both workshop days selected the project “Barrio de Pescadores” as their most favorite project. In order to get a first understanding of the economic and financial value of that project, it can be helpful to visualize the different elements of the project and their effects in a flow chart, a socalled ‘effect tree’. Based on the discussion and notes from the workshop, the following effect tree can be drafted:

Fig.24 effect tree, elaborated by Rebel

The elements of the project that would need to be realized are the actual market facility (probably a building or at least some structures to protect the market stands) and a quay/ pier to land the fishermen’s boats and to offload the fish. In addition, one could think of additional infrastructural measures that would be needed, such as accessibility by road with a parking area. Also, depending on the size of the piers and the number of fishermen, it might be necessary to realize a small port-site to leave the boats (while not unloading). The costs in relation to these structures will be mainly investment costs. The pier, parking lot, road, and potentially the ‘port’ will have relatively low maintenance and operational cost. In contrast to that, the market will have structural operational cost for cleaning, energy supply, security etc. and will probably require regular repairs due to the (envisioned) frequent use.

To start with the positive effects, the idea of the market was developed in order to establish one central spot for the fishermen to sell their fish. The benefit of that is the fishermen might be able to sell more and/ or at a higher price due to better visibility, a more attractive sales environment and access to more customers. At the same time, having more fishermen sell their fish at the same location might increase (price) competition. Assuming overall increased revenues for the fishermen, there might be a possibility to capture part of that economic growth by making the fishermen contribute financially to the market. Different financial mechanisms can be considered:

business case. The following bullets provide first suggestions: (Public) contributions: The municipality could pay (part of) the cost: In theory, the public sector can use public money to support projects that are good for society, or in other words, that generate more benefits to society (financial and nonfinancial) than costs. If the fishermen market is contributing more to society (e.g. through employment opportunities, prevention of illegal activities, cultural value, etc.), the municipality could decide to support the project. Also, depending on the activities and the profitability, the public sector might be receiving additional taxes from the new business, making the case to support the

• A market-stand fee (on an ad hoc or a regular basis)

project even stronger. In addition, depending on the activities, there might be other public or philanthropic sources that could support

• A market membership fee (e.g. monthly payment) • A revenue or profit sharing (e.g. 5% of the revenues go to the market)

the project, for example, institutions that support cultural activities and heritage.

Optimizing the cost: The project’s cost could be reduced by down-sizing the project, c.q. making the assets to be realized smaller,

It is not likely that these financial contributions from the fishermen will be enough to pay for the investment cost and the O&M cost of the market as well as the costs for the piers and the other infrastructure needed to make this a success. In financial terms, we would conclude that ‘the business case is negative’ without any other financial support. There are various measures and strategies that can be explored in order to improve that negative 50 FINAL REPORT

fewer or simpler. At the same time, down-sizing the project could also mean that the benefits are diminished. Next to down-sizing, combining the project’s investment with other investments could lead to an overall reduction in cost. For example, if a ferry terminal was to be realized close to the fish market, the costs for realizing a parking lot could be shared between the two projects.

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

52 FINAL REPORT

Optimizing the revenues:

negative business case (in this case, the fish market)

The project could be expanded by adding more reve-

is contributing to the financial success of the other (in

nue-generating activities on the same location (using

this case, the hotel + tourism industry that can mar-

the same infrastructure or with little extra investment).

ket their business with a fishing/ nature/ ecotourism

For example, additional business opportunities with

focus).

regard to the fishermen could be stimulated – repair

The realization and procurement of a potential Master

shops/ facilities for the boats, sale of fishing and boat

Plan is yet another topic to consider. The procurement

equipment.

and governance solutions can be:

The market could include more than just fish: other local produce but also other locally produced goods (e.g.

a) From a small-scale approach: procuring and

crafts) could be sold there, increasing the market’s

implementing the Master Plan in small sub-

users (sellers) as well as customers (buyers).

projects, which can be either public projects or

As mentioned above, the new infrastructure (e.g. road,

private projects

parking, piers) could also be shared with other users – for example, a potential ferry terminal, a location to

b) To a large scale approach: selecting one ‘party’

start fishing trips and other nautical activities for tour-

to realize all elements of the Master Plan in one

ists, etc. This usage could be charged for (e.g. user

hand, potentially in a public-private partnership.

fees/ rent, etc.) which would generate extra revenue for the project.

Vision Draft

Master Plan and cross-subsidization Placing the project of the fish market in a larger context, for example, as being one element to be realized in a larger Master Plan for Zárate’s islas, could open up opportunities to cross-subsidize this project (with a negative business case) with surplus of or revenues from projects that have a positive business case. For example, if a potential Master Plan would envision

The 10 selected projects can be considered vehicles of a unified vision that will integrate and develop both areas in a sustainable way. The output image is still a draft, but it exemplifies the ambitions to follow, and adds the touristproductive-recreational aspect and connects both areas.

a focus on eco and fishing tourism, and concessions would be issued to develop hotels and other touristic infrastructure, the proceeds from that concession could be used to cross-subsidize the fish market. Such a mechanism is most realistic, if the project with the LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

The shared vision achieved during the workshop is based in unifying the territory through a productive island-mainland model. The island area will be developed as a productive unit in the delta, with emphasis in tourism, agriculture, forestry, recreation and sports. The productive activities will strengthen the cohesion and the welfare of the islanders. The vision shall be carried out with an innovative financing model, using the natural landscape and hydrology as a motor, connected for a sustainable and innovative mobility.

Delta Manifesto Zárate shares similar challenges to other cities of the Paraná Delta. During the workshop, a short list of the most important ideas and tasks were defined, and from a holistic standpoint, should be duplicated in the cities located at the border and in the delta. This Manifesto mainly covers topics of urbanization, economy, ecology and connectivity. Fig.25 draft vision for the Municipality of Zárate, developed by BD Urbanismo

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Ecología / retención de agua y sedimentos

Recreación / deportes / ecología / reconstrucción hidrológica

Producción / forectación / agricultura Turismo / Ecología / recreación / naturaleza Nuevos centros urbanos

Conexiones ribereñas

Transporte fluvial / muelles / infraestuctura / mercados

Desarrollo del frente del rio

Centros urbanos

Develop (eco) tourism Strengthen the production that contributes to the ecology conservation Include the islanders in the development Rebuild network of natural channels in the islands Promote fishing (sport, artisanal) Increase the area of natural reserves parks Introduce the ferry network Continue or strengthen the waterfronts in cities and towns Enhance the water resource Design corridor of smart mobility Promote nautical sports

• Active participation of the “city makers”, that consisted, not only in their extensive knowledge of the challenges, but, maybe, more important their enthusiasm and creativity. • The political will of the municipality, that allowed their personal to be free to attend the two days of the workshop.

The message for success in future workshops can be summarized in: Clear knowledge of the local culture, Investment of time in preparation Key role of the local partner Political will, and Precise selection of stakeholders.

Lessons from the workshop

Lessons from the deltas

We consider that the workshop was carried out successfully. The successful lessons are mainly:

The biggest difference of Paraná Delta with other deltas is its current formation. The sediment transport from Los Andes that is creating or transforming the islands is in a continuous process. Its ecological vulnerability in the presence of human developments is at the same time its greater potential. This workshop was useful to understand, in a small scale, how we can contribute to the sustainable development of the Delta. Other deltas with the same challenges require the same developments: land use transformation. They have very fertile soil for economic activities but at the same time are vulnerable to human activities. A new way of thinking is necessary in delta management.

• Preparation in Zárate on the part of our local partner architect Guillermo Gulden, president of Zárate Architects Association, y and the Zárate Municipality, that included from the practical aspects to the knowledge sharing about the challenges of the Municipality of Zárate. The local partner is essential for this type of processes. • Preparation from our offices, that took a lot of time in the organization itself and in the understanding of the problem and challenges of the Municipality of Zárate.

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

Below is shown a reference example on part of the Tabasco Delta, State of Tabasco, Mexico, carried out by the offices Beccan Davila Urbanismo, Deltares and DAFdf, in 2015.

Tabasco delta, “El Delta Vivo” The area between Villahermosa and the coast of Gulf of Mexico (Atlantic Ocean), is categorized as a low plain, formed by a complex network of channels, rivers and streams, that empty into the Gulf of Mexico. The plain is susceptible to floods at different times. In this territory, originally dwelled by native peoples who shared the water, cities and villages were developed, mainly depending on livestock, agriculture and petroleum. Different hydraulic works were performed in order to steer the waters and ensure human living. The result, now, is a dispersed urban plot, vulnerable to climate changes, with a combination of hydraulic works and channels and original rivers. At the request of the Tourism Secretariat (SEDATU), of the Tabasco State Government, we performed, along Deltares office and DAFdf office, a development plan for this delta, which we named Delta Vivo. The master plan basically consisted of prioritizing other economic sectors in order to strengthen the territory’s development. These developments are linked to the topography, hydrology, and local culture. In particular, a strategy for water was developed. Fig. 28a. In order not to hinder the existing ecosystem, all projects linked to this master plan are based on the climate adaptation. We took advantage of the intrin56 FINAL REPORT

sic capabilities of this delta, water and plain, to create synergy with human activities. Finally, the projects and ideas were made with strong involvement of local stakeholders. The main projects were: an ecological hotel linked to “chinampas” (Mesoamerican agricultural production system), Fig.29, a Nautical Node with nautical recreational activities, Fig. 30, a Water Museum, to reinforce the identity of water in the delta, Fig.31, Floating Gastronomy, Fig.32, and sustainable mobility, Fig.33, among others.

Fig. 26, Delta Tabasco location and the comparison with the Delta Paraná, Google Earth source, 449 km height

28a

Fig. 27, Landscape Delta Tabasco, photo by DAF df. Fig. 28, Delta Tabasco Vision, developed by MAP, BD Urbanismo and DAFdf Fig. 28 a, water strategy, developed by BD Urbanismo, MAP, DAFdf en Deltares LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZĂ RATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

Based on this example, the most important lessons for the transformation and development of the deltas can be summarized in: Building with nature and not against it Looking for the synergy between different productive sectors Creating awareness (political, ecological, social) Incorporating stakeholders participation processes Constantly innovate for the technical solutions (hydrology, sediments, etc.)

Fig. 29, ecological hotel linked to â&#x20AC;&#x153;chinampasâ&#x20AC;? elaborated by BD Urbanismo and DafDF Fig. 30, Nautical Node, elaborated by BD Urbanismo and DafDF

Fig. 31, Water Museum, elaborated by BD Urbanismo and DafDF

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Fig. 32, Floating Gastronomy, elaborated by BD Urbanismo and DafDF

Delta view, credits: Sapem. LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

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3 RECOMMENDATIONS AND FOLLOW UP The workshop ended with an inventory of 40 possible projects, a selection of 10 key projects and the selection of an emblematic project, with its corresponding tree of financial effects. As well as a draft of the vision and a small manifesto of the cities of the Paraná Delta. Based on these results, our recommendations and follow up are:

3.1 Strategic master plan for integration and development We recommend to deepen the achieved vision in the workshop until the drawing up of a strategic integration and development master plan, specifying even more the concept building with nature. This vision should have topics such as spatial planning, hydrology, edaphology, traffic, production, ecology and management; for the islands and for the mainland area. It’s a base framework for the development of different suitable intervention strategies.

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

For this strategic master plan, right after the workshop, we drafted a more advanced document. The strategy rescues the DNA, the identity, of the whole Delta, where the production and natural landscape intertwine with the borders and urban centers. The production landscape is intensified and drawn from strategic guidelines result of an understanding in topography, soil quality, and the possibility to generate adequate logistics and fundamentally generating a synergy with the natural environment, bringing good solutions to the stability of the fields and the hydrological system. In contrast, the natural landscape aims to recover the Delta’s original and native nature, defining the space for the water and protecting areas to generate the balance between natural and intervened environment. This objective aims to keep large unoccupied areas for the natural forces to lay out the islands’ design. This unique landscape of our country deserves to be traveled by tourism, attracting other investments and strategies that will support the development of the urban settlements on its banks. It is of great importance to build in conjunction with nature, including the features of the island area which are susceptible to flooding due to flood waters and strong sudestadas.2 In orde the selected projects be successful, it is essential to establish a common long-term vision for transport and the development of mobility through2.- (The Sudestada is a meteorological phenomenon in the Río de la Plata, from cold winds from the south to the southeast quadrant, which produces an increase in water levels). 62 FINAL REPORT

out the study area covering all modes of transport. In establishing the vision, it is important to take into account specific characteristics and challenges of the local situation both for the Isla and the territorial area. The strategy will have a coherent interaction between the three main pillars of the urban mobility: Orgware – a planning system that includes all the stakeholders involved in a project. This ensures that all visions are taken into account, resulting in strong planning strategies, laws, regulations and guidelines; Hardware - planning, scenario development, designing and implementation of infrastructure and systems; and Software - culture, communication, education, health, etc. All the proposed measures will be evaluated in the MOVE Meter tool.

3.2 First specific intervention strategy We recommend that as a next or additional step, the development of a specific intervention strategy in the form of a master plan that leads the different stages of the process, determines sub-projects and its necessary components for the development of reference terms for its feasibility and implementation.

Fig.31 Strategic plan of integration and development for the Municipality of Zárate, developed by BD Urbanismo

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Fig.32 Strategic plan of integration and develo-

Fig.33 Initial intervention strategy, developed by

pment for the Municipality of of ZĂĄrate, icons,

BD Urbanismo

developed by BD Urbanismo

Development in both areas, insular and mainland, in one step is an impossible task and requires a series of strategic steps. On the basis of the selected flagship project, Puerto Pescadores, and the 10 key projects, and within the shared vision, we developed a proposal of a first specific intervention strategy. We consider that this strategy is the most feasible one to begin with. For this first specific intervention strategy we developed a first draft. This draft consists of a transformational initial focus that joins the insular area with the mainland. The focus is materialized in its edges with specific projects. In the mainland area, the Barrio de Pescadores restructuring project is located, which includes a market and other activities of touristic, gastronomic character that highlights traditional fishing as one of the greatest strongholds of the tradition productive of the area. The second project, in the islands, consists of an ecologic hotel that will serve us as a key node to explore Deltaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nature, bird watching and other adventure and touristic activities. In line with this transformation other proposals will be included, such as nautical activities, a park of social inclusion, piers with settlements in ecological stilts, and a sustainable transportation system that connects with its own fisherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mobility, among others. Possible examples are the proposals developed for the Tabasco Delta in the previous chapter. Similar examples in the Netherlands are:

3.3 Upscaling We recommend to duplicate the same methodology in at least four cities and/or villages of the upper or middle delta. The result of this workshop will nurture, from a holistic and inclusive vision, even more the large-scale vision of the Paranรก Delta.

Fig 34 a, water bus in the city of Kinderdijk, photo internet

The methodology applied was an example of a bottom-up methodology to be able to be duplicated in other cities of the delta that share the same challenges. Achieving a manifesto is a first step to define, in a macro scale, the commitments, aspirations, and challenges of other cities. We suggest continuing with this bottom-up methodology in the cities of San Nicolรกs, Ramallo, San Pedro and Baradero, (Middle Delta) and with Ibicuy and Campana Islands (beginning of the Lower Delta). Fig.34 c, the Biesbosch, nature park, photo internet

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Fig 34b, flood park in the city of Arnhem, , photo internet

Fig.38, cities to continue with the bottom up methodology, developed by BD Urbanismo. LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

3.4 Capacity building

We recommend to invest in the creation of capacities in the local partners, in the aspects of management and administration, both of the processes and of the specific projects.

The whole process of this workshop was based on Dutch knowledge and experience in the management and use of land and water. The process and results, as well as the technical application of the solutions, have a characteristic management system in the Netherlands. It is necessary to share with the local partners the basic knowledge of this characteristic way of managing the processes so that the technical solutions are really possible.

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ANNEXS Annex 1 Agenda day 1 and 2, November

LIVING IN THE DELTA: ZÁRATE, TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED REGION

Annex 2 List of participants Participantes Días 1 y 2 de noviembre

Embajada de Holanda María José De Lazzer,

amadoe@zarate.gob.ar

Asesora de asuntos Agroalimentarios

Eduardo Amado

ines.rzadzinska@minbuza.nl Inés Rzadzinka,

Secretario de Obras Públicas

Asesora económica

Arquitecta Silvia Baccino

Directora de Planificación de la Municipalidad de

Claudia Schutte,

claudia.schutte@rvo.nl

baccinos@zarate.gob.ar

Zárate-Sociedad Arq. Zarate geminig@zarate.gob.ar

Asesora Agencia Empresarial Holandesa (RVO),

Arquitecto Gustavo Gemini

dependiente del Ministerio de Economía y Medio

Subsecretario de Planificación y Ordenamiento

Ambiente de los Países Bajos

Territorial de la Municipalidad de Zárate.-Sociedad de Arquitectos de Zarate alnic60@me.com

Argentina

Arquitecto Albero Nicosia

Intendente de Zárate Don Osvaldo Caffaro

Director Sapem Costanera Zarate, Municipalidad de Zarate Arq, Jorge Madoz

Coordinadores del taller

Presidente Sapem Costanera Zarate, Municipalidad

Países Bajos Arq. Nahuel Beccan Davila,

arq.jmadoz@hotmail.com

info@map-office.nl

Carolina Ramos Fallú,

de Zarate Arq, Gabriela Ustarroz

Especialista en estrategias urbanas cramos@movemobility.nl

Especialista en movilidad y conexiones sustentables

Arq, Rosalia Zarate

Irene Polh,

Sapem Costanera Zarate, Municipalidad de Zarate-

Especialista en estrategias financieras

irene.pohl@rebelgroup.com

Arquitecto urbanista

arqapuentes@gmail.com

rosaliazarate@yahoo.com

Sociedad Arq. Zarate Agrimensor Raul Alvarez

Adrián Puentes,

mgabriela.ustarroz@gmail.com

Sapem Costanera Zarate, Municipalidad de Zarate

agrimalvarez@gmail.com

Catastro, Municipalidad de Zarate

Arquitecto y emprendedor tema sustentable

Licenciado en Economía Cristian Amarilla

Leonardo Grasso

Municipalidad de Zarate

emprendedor tema construcción y energía, genética leonardo@solucionesyenergia.com.ar

Licenciada Florencia Carnelutto

animal y dafología

Planificación Estratégica Municipalidad de Zarate

acristian.a.amarilla@gmail.com carneluttof@zarate.gob.ar

zarateplanificacion@zarate.gob.ar Antonela Bettili Argentina

Planificación Estratégica Municipalidad de Zarate

Arquitecto Guillermo Gülden,

sanchezm@zarate.gob.com Marina Sanchez

Presidente de la Sociedad de Arquitectos de Zárate

arqgulden@gmail.com

Licenciada en Turismo-Municipalidad de Zarate Arq. Valeria Davalos

arqdavalos@gmail.com

Sociedad de Arquitectos de Zarate

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Anexo 2 lista participantes Arq. Agostina Torchiana

agostina.torchiana@gmail.com

Arq.Veronica Zagare MScPhd:

vzagare@deltasud.org ballejoj@zarate.gob.ar

somma.daniel@inta.gob.com

Ing. Forestal Inta- Estación Experimental

Subsecretaria de Medio Ambiente Municipalidad

Agropecuaria Delta

de Zarate

Claudio Garcia

Sra Mirta Trapani

no tiene mail chiapen@hotmail.com

Manuel Vazques

bernardomanuelvazques@gmail.com

Martin Pinto Berenguer

pinto@molca.com.ar estebatorchi@yahoo.com.ar haraldogotert@gmail.com.ar palacios.javier@hotmail.com carlosmendezarq@gmail.com

Productor Forestal Francisco Gutierrez fg-apicola@hotmail.com.ar

Municipalidad de Zarate, Sociedad de Arquitectos

Productor Apícola

de Zarate Arq. Florecia Cheli

Ingeniero Forestal Roberto Lando roberto_lando14@hotmail.com.ar

Recreo Keidel-Propietario Arq. Carlos Mendez

joseperezponza@yahoo.com.ar

Aguas de Zarate Ing. Jorge Pelloli lospelloli@arnet.com.ar

GyG Delta S.A. Socio Gerente-Productor Forestal Javier Palacios-

UTN-Universidad Tecnológica Nacional Campana Ing. Jose Perez Ponsa

Presidente Club Náutico Zarate Haraldo Gottert

gabrielatrupia@gmail.com

Concejal Vanesa Palermo Concejo Deliberante de Zarate

Terminal Las Palmas (puerto) Esteban Torchiana

coll.sebastian@inta.gob.com

INTA- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta Licenciada Gabriela Trupia

OPDS-Departamento Áreas Naturaleza Protegida

ceballos.dario@inta.gob.com

INTA- Jefe Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta Ingeniero Forestal Sebastian Coll

Unión Isleña Zarate Unión Vecinal Sector Islas

defensacivil@zarate.gob.ar

Defensa Civil Ingeniero Forestal Dario Cevallos

Unión Isleña Zarate Sr. Nestor Chiappe

serrob2009@hotmail.com

Municipal Daniel Somma

Delta Alliance Argentinian Wing-TUDelft Jorge Ballejo:

Licenciado Sergio Robles Jefe de departamento encargado Museo Historico

Sociedad de Arquitectos de Zarate

estudiocheli@gmail.com

Sociedad de Arquitectos Zarate: Arq. Martin Madoz

martinma2@hotmail.com

Sociedad de Arquitectos Zarate Arq. Pablo Sese

pgsese@yahoo.com.ar

Municipalidad de Zarate- Sociedad de Arquitectos Zarate Arq. Sergio Giovagnolli

gyrestudio@gmail.com.ar

Municipalidad de Zarate- Sociedad de Arquitectos Zarate

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Annex 3 Worktable

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Nahuel Beccan Davila, Beccan Davila Urbanismo Adrián Puentes info@map-office.nl arqapuentes@gmail.com +31 6 44 960 325 Carolina Ramos, Move Mobility cramos@movemobility.nl +31 6 1768 6293 Irene Pohl, Rebel Irene.Pohl@rebelgroup.com +31 6 39570309 Guillermo Gülden, Zárate Architects Association arqgulden@gmail.com +54 348 740 1441 Colaborators with the preparation of the workshop Zárate Municipality Staff Wolbert van Dijk, SUJU Architecten, Leonardo Grasso

Acknowledgements Zárate Municipality, all the participants; Claudia Schutte and Guus Schutjes, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy Netherlands; Audrey Legat, Water Partnership, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy Netherlands; María José De Lazzer and Ines Rzadzinska , Embassy of the Netherlands in Argentina, Leonardo Grasso.

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