HOPWOOD HALL COLLEGE
Art History Timeline for Unit 5 (For Level 3 Fine Art, Graphics and Textiles) This timeline is very large and necessarily general- We will be concentrating on developments over the last two hundred years in Western Art- not because Art from the Middle East, Far East or Africa is less worthy, indeed artists have often dipped into and pinched ideas from other cultures. The world of Art is massive-but we need to look at the influences that have got us where we are now. Ian MacKay [Pick the date]
The timeline shows the broad sweep of time from Cave paintings to current practice. Students are to select a minimum of ten art movements- ‘isms’ to explore in detail using the LRC and ‘IT’s Learning’ Start with art movements around 1800.
What to expect
Self-directed study- because you will be working on ‘Its Learning’ Teaching staff and PAMs will be able to track you progress live. You will be able to progress at your own speed. We can see how much time you are putting in. SELF MOTIVATION AND TIME MANAGEMENT IS A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF YOUR DEVELOPMENT AS A STUDENT Some reading Some looking Much thinking Discussion with your friends and staff You may decide to look at the same movements as other students but you will probably choose different artists and record different materials so what you produce will not be the same as anyone else-even if you choose the same artists.
Learning Outcomes
Understand contemporary and historical developments in art and design Understand the relationships between art works and the wider cultural context which influenced their creation Be able to research and record contextual information Be able to use information to produce and present outcomes from contextual sources
Questions you will answer
What is an artist? What do artists do? What is their subject matter? How do they make a living? What is their status? Does art change and if so why?
How can we discuss and analyse art?
Subject matter Style Medium Culture Context Form Meaning
Content Manner, characteristics Materials Beliefs and institutions The environment Physical marks-line, tone, texture, colour
Getting started
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Trends in art and design can be confusing Art can sometimes be difficult to understand Just when you think you’ve got it-it changes! Take your time. Don’t give up and read around the subject-contextualise it
Art Periods/
Characteristics
Movements
Chief Artists and
Historical Events
Major Works
1
Stone Age (30,000 b.c.–2500 b.c.)
Cave painting, fertility goddesses, megalithic structures
Lascaux Cave Painting, Woman of Willendorf, Stonehenge
Ice Age ends (10,000 b.c.– 8,000 b.c.); New Stone Age and first permanent settlements (8000 b.c.–2500 b.c.)
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Mesopotamian (3500 b.c.–539 b.c.)
Warrior art and narration in stone relief
Standard of Ur, Gate of Ishtar, Stele of Hammurabi's Code
Sumerians invent writing (3400 b.c.); Hammurabi writes his law code (1780 b.c.); Abraham founds monotheism
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Egyptian (3100 b.c.–30 b.c.)
Art with an afterlife Imhotep, Step focus: pyramids Pyramid, Great and tomb painting Pyramids, Bust of Nefertiti
Narmer unites Upper/Lower Egypt (3100 b.c.); Rameses II battles the Hittites (1274 b.c.); Cleopatra dies (30 b.c.)
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Greek and Hellenistic (850 b.c.–31 b.c.)
Greek idealism: balance, perfect proportions; architectural orders(Doric, Ionic, Corinthian)
Athens defeats Persia at Marathon (490 b.c.); Peloponnesian Wars (431 b.c.– 404 b.c.); Alexander the Great's conquests (336 b.c.–323
Parthenon, Myron, Phidias, Polykleitos, Praxiteles
b.c.)
3
5
Roman (500 b.c.–
Roman realism:
Augustus of
Julius Caesar
a.d. 476)
practical and down to earth; the arch
Primaporta, Colosseum, Trajan's Column, Pantheon
assassinated (44 b.c.); Augustus proclaimed Emperor (27 b.c.); Diocletian splits Empire (a.d. 292); Rome falls (a.d. 476)
6
Indian, Chinese, and Japanese(653 b.c.–a.d. 1900)
Serene, meditative art, and Arts of the Floating World
Gu Kaizhi, Li Cheng, Guo Xi, Hokusai, Hiroshige
Birth of Buddha (563 b.c.); Silk Road opens (1st century b.c.); Buddhism spreads to China (1st–2nd centuries a.d.) and Japan (5th century a.d.)
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Byzantine and Islamic (a.d. 476– a.d.1453)
Heavenly Byzantine mosaics; Islamic architecture and amazing mazelike design
Hagia Sophia, Andrei Rublev, Mosque of Córdoba, the Alhambra
Justinian partly restores Western Roman Empire (a.d. 533–a.d. 562); Iconoclasm Controversy (a.d. 726–a.d. 843); Birth of Islam (a.d. 610) and Muslim Conquests (a.d. 632–a.d. 732)
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Middle Ages (500–1400)
Celtic art, Carolingian Renaissance, Romanesque,
St. Sernin, Durham Cathedral, Notre Dame, Chartres,
Viking Raids (793–1066); Battle of Hastings (1066); Crusades
Gothic
Cimabue, Duccio, Giotto
I–IV (1095–1204); Black Death (1347–1351); Hundred Years' War (1337–1453)
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9
Early and High
Rebirth of
Ghiberti's Doors,
Gutenberg invents
Renaissance (1400–1550)
classical culture
Brunelleschi, Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael
movable type (1447); Turks conquer Constantinople (1453); Columbus lands in New World (1492); Martin Luther starts Reformation (1517)
The Renaissance spreads northward to France, the Low Countries, Poland, Germany, and England
Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Dürer, Bruegel, Bosch, Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden
Council of Trent and CounterReformation (1545–1563); Copernicus proves the Earth revolves around the Sun (1543
Art that breaks the Tintoretto, El rules; artifice over Greco, Pontormo, nature Bronzino, Cellini
Magellan circumnavigates the globe (1520– 1522)
Splendour and flourish for God; art as a weapon in the religious wars
Thirty Years' War between Catholics and Protestants (1618–1648)
10 Venetian and
Northern Renaissance (1430–1550)
11 Mannerism
(1527–1580)
12 Baroque (1600–
1750)
13 Neoclassical
(1750–1850)
5
Reubens, Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Palace of Versailles
Art that recaptures David, Ingres, Greco-Roman Greuze, Canova grace and grandeur
Enlightenment (18th century); Industrial Revolution (1760– 1850)
14 Romanticism
(1780–1850)
15 Realism (1848–
1900)
16 Impressionism
(1865–1885)
17 Post-
Impressionism (1885–1910)
18 Fauvism and
Expressionism (1900–1935)
19 Cubism, Futurism,
Supremativism, Constructivism, De Stijl (1905– 1920)
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The triumph of
Caspar Friedrich,
American
imagination and individuality
Gericault, Delacroix, Turner, Benjamin West
Revolution (1775– 1783); French Revolution (1789– 1799); Napoleon crowned emperor of France (1803)
Celebrating working class and peasants; en plein air rustic painting
Corot, Courbet, Daumier, Millet
European democratic revolutions of 1848
Capturing fleeting effects of natural light
Monet, Manet, Renoir, Pissarro, Cassatt, Morisot, Degas
Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871); Unification of Germany (1871)
A soft revolt against Impressionism
Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, Seurat
Belle Époque (late-19th-century Golden Age); Japan defeats Russia (1905)
Harsh colours and flat surfaces
Matisse, Kirchner, Kandinsky, Marc
Boxer Rebellion in China (1900);
(Fauvism); emotion distorting form Pre– and Post– World War 1 art experiments: new forms to express modern life
World War (1914– 1918) Picasso, Braque, Leger, Boccioni, Severini, Malevich
Russian Revolution (1917); American women franchised (1920)
20 Dada and
Ridiculous art;
Surrealism (1917– painting dreams 1950) and exploring the unconscious
21 Abstract
Expressionism (1940s–1950s) and Pop Art (1960s)
22 Postmodernism
and Deconstructivism (1970– )
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Duchamp, Dalí,
Disillusionment
Ernst, Magritte, de after World War I; The Great Chirico, Kahlo Depression (1929–1938); World War II (1939–1945) and Nazi horrors; atomic bombs dropped on Japan (1945)
Post–World War II: pure abstraction and expression without form; popular art absorbs consumerism
Gorky, Pollock, de Kooning, Rothko, Warhol, Lichtenstein
Cold War and Vietnam War (U.S. enters 1965); U.S.S.R. suppresses Hungarian revolt (1956) Czechoslovakian revolt (1968)
Art without a centre reworking and mixing past styles
Gerhard Richter, Cindy Sherman, Anselm Kiefer, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid
Nuclear freeze movement; Cold War fizzles; Communism collapses in Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R. (1989–1991)
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