Japan Location: Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula. Area: total: 374,744 km² .Area comparative: INDIA: 3,166,414 km2 JAPAN: 377,835 km2 Coastline: 34,751 km (21,593 mi). Climate: varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north Terrain: mostly rugged and mountainous Natural resources: small deposits of coal, oil, iron and minerals. Major fishing industry. Land use: arable land: 11%; permanent crops: 1%; permanent pastures: 2%; forests and woodland: 68% other: 18% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 27,820 km² (1993 est.) 73% of Japan is mountains.
The Tokyo Metropolitan government administers the 23 special wards of Tokyo (each governed as a city), which cover the area that was the city of Tokyo, as well as 39municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the special wards is over 8 million people, with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million.
Area(ranked 45th) 2
• Metropolis
2,187.66 km (844.66 sq mi)
• Metro
13,572 km (5,240 sq mi)
2
Population (August 1, 2011) • Metropolis
13,185,502
• Density
6,000/km (16,000/sq mi)
• Metro
35,682,460
• Metro density
2,629/km (6,810/sq mi)
• 23 Wards
8,967,665
2
2
(2011 per Prefectural Government)
For Delhi • Area= 1483 km2 • Population= 1.67 million • Density= 11,297 per sq km • Per capita income= Rs 1,75,812
For Tokyo • Area= 2188 km2 • Population= 1.3 million • Density= 6,000 per sq km • Per capita income= Rs 25,17,570
Population of Tokyo [
By area
By age
By hours By nationality
Tokyo 12.79 million Special wards 8.653 million Tama Area 4.109 million Islands 28,000 Juveniles (age 0-14) 1.461 million (11.8%) Working (age 15-64) 8.546 million (69.3%) Retired (age 65+) 2.332 million (18.9%) Day Night Foreign residents
14.978 million 12.416 million 364,653
Estimates as of ³ as of 2005 National October 1, 2007. Census. 4 as of January 1, 2007. as of January 1, 2006.
Urban Sprawl of Tokyo through time
Bomching Maio Beeravelli Chetan E.Kautilya Shashank Gautam
Japan
Tokyo
Tokyo, the largest mega-region in the world so far with 35 million inhabitants in 2007, has experienced a rapid growth in the twentieth century with various issues associated with urban form and urban environment. Some issues were solved and others remain to be solved. If Tokyo is evaluated as one of the most efficient, productive and sustainable mega-regions in the world, it is the result of rapid urban growth and development in the twentieth century. Population Change The population migration between Tokyo and other prefectures in 2010 showed a total migration of 744,000 persons with 396,000 persons moving into Tokyo while 348,000 persons moved out, for a net social increase of 48,000 persons. With the exception of 1985, there was a prevailing trend of out-migration exceeding in-migration since 1967, until a net social increase was seen for the first time in 12 years in 1997. 2010 again showed a net increase. Looking at the migration between Tokyo and the three adjacent prefectures (Saitama, Chiba, and Kanagawa prefectures), 183,000 people came into Tokyo while 186,000 moved out, constituting 49.5% of the total population migration. During the year 2010 there were 109,000 births and 104,000 deaths, for a net natural increase of 4,000. This increase, however, has been declining since the peak 182,000 in 1968.
Population Density 23-wards Tokyo
Tokyo is surrounded by many cities including Yokohama,(population 3.3 million), Kawasaki(1.2 million), Chiba(0.8 million), etc. Many or the inhabitants of these and other cities commute to offices and schools in Tokyo in each day, and these cities are closely connected to Tokyo in terms of freight transport and other commercial activities.
Bomching Maio Beeravelli Chetan E.Kautilya Shashank Gautam
Demographic Composition by Age According to the National Census, as of October 1, 2010, the population of Tokyo was 13.159 million (Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications). This number was divided into three age categories: child population (ages 0 – 14) at 1.477 million; the working-age population (ages 15 – 64) at 8.85 million; and the aged population (ages 65 and over) at 2.642 million. These figures are 11.4%, 68.2% and 20.4%, respectively, of the overall population. The percentage of aged persons exceeded the United Nations standard of 14% for an “aged society” in 1998, and is now approaching the level of 21%, signifying a “super-aged society.”
Japan
Tokyo-Demographics
Tokyo, as one of the world’s largest megalopolis with an enormous population of about 13million is facing its epithet problem of urban sprawl. After ascending of Tokyo as an international financial center in 1965, modernity and development paced its way dramatically [Curtis, 1980]. Industries, residential housing, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, super markets, amusement centers, shopping malls and others started to evolve everywhere in Tokyo. Besides, development of transportation systems in particular, the introduction of expressways and modern railway systems made life more sophisticated and attractive. High construction costs and difficulties of getting land spaces inside the city areas forced the companies to raise the price of their inner city services. The price hike and the transportation development encouraged the people to move far from the city center in order to search for a cheaper land to live outside the city boundaries.
Tokyo International Airport, Haneda
Roadways
Many policies have been implied such as Transit Oriented Development (TOD), green belt, Land Readjustment(LR), developing the motorways and railway systems to control the sprawl and to save the natural open spaces. The high parking charges and toll system leaves no option for the mass commuters but using the railway as only the transportation mode. Transport System in Tokyo
Roadways JR Lines
Railway construction was one of the national modernization policies, and the national railway network connecting central Tokyo and other cities in Japan was established by the end of the nineteenth century. Beginning in the 1920s, private railway companies purchased huge areas of land in the suburbs of Tokyo and developed housing estates or garden suburbs. Private railway companies were able to pay for the railway constructions by the profits they made from selling or leasing the developed housing estates and commercial areas around the stations. Public corporations also developed large-scale housing estates along railway lines in the suburbs starting in the 1960s such as Tama New Town and Chiba New Town. These new towns were developed as garden suburbs or “bed towns” of Tokyo. On the other hand in central Tokyo, the subway network has been developed continuously since 1927. Marathon Runner World Record
Most of the residents and visitors use the railway system far more than any other means of transport. This transport medium is reasonably priced and are frequent (maximum waiting 5mins.).
Present scenario (Tokyo)
Target of 2025
The railways line comprises 10 JR Lines, 13 Subway Lines and 4 Mono Rails, apart from that 2 Tram systems, 2 Bus system and govt. buses that runs on the roads t hat do loops from the train stations to the other key points of the metropolis. The employers pay for the employees train tickets to and from which guarantees the passengers on the train.
Average in Japan
0
Current conditions of Urban Railway Transport in Tokyo
10
20
30
Graph showing Current Situation and Target of average Speed
Almost all the train lines stops at 1am and again starts at 5 in the morning. The station in the metropolis serves as a good hangout place for the modern Japanese, that’s because a wide range of services and public conveniences are provided in most of the stations. The city has a very number of car owners because to own a car in tokyo one need to parking space which is usually rented. Company executives as well as workers . Tokyo International Airport, Haneda
JR Lines Tokyo Metro
Bomching Maio Beeravelli Chetan E.Kautilya Shashank Gautam
Taxi is the most expensive transport medium in Tokyo. People only use this when there is no medium. Mostly taxis are use by the commuters during 1am to 5 am , this is the time railways stops.
Japan Tokyo-Transportation
40
In a household where an elderly person lives alone, the proportions of bus usage and walking are high relative to the total for the Metropolitan Region. On the other hand, the proportion of automobile usage is lower. Even in a nuclear family, the proportion of walking is high in a household with children and the proportion of automobile usage is high in a household without children.
In the Tokyo metropolitan area, the “3 Rings and 9 Radials� plan was incorporated in the 5th 5-year Road Improvement Program in 1967. Approximately 40 years has passed since then, most of the 9 Radials have been completed, and the focus is being shifted to the development of 3 Rings where many missing linkages still exist.
Volume of vehicular traffic and average traveling speed in Tokyo The volume of vehicular traffic in Tokyo had been trending upwards in the past but has been declining since fiscal year 2005. In addition, the average traveling speed at times of traffic congestion in Tokyo remains low despite being on the rise since fiscal year 1994 in both wards and cities. We plan to improve the average traveling speed at times of traffic congestion by working on projects to upgrade the three ring roads as well as core arterial roads in the Tokyo metPollution ropolitan area, continuous grade separation projects, bridge improvement projects, and other projects to be undertaken for the purpose of upgrading the road network.
Bomching Maio Beeravelli Chetan E.Kautilya Shashank Gautam
Japan Tokyo-Transportation
RETAILS SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS
6.9%
5.8% OTHERS, NO INFORMATION
11.7%
WAREHOUSES AND LOGISTIC CENTERS
7.7%
Retail
FACTORIES
Others
11.3%
Offices
Area Used for Transport OFFICES
20.2%
Residential Factories
Warehouses and Logistic Centers Schools and Hospitals
Railway construction was one of the national modernization policies, and the national railway network connecting central Tokyo and other cities in Japan was established by the end of the nineteenth century. Beginning in the 1920s, private railway companies purchased huge areas of land in the suburbs of Tokyo and developed housing estates or garden suburbs. Private railway companies were able to pay for the railway constructions by the profits they made from selling or leasing the developed housing estates and commercial areas around the stations. Public corporations also developed largescale housing estates along railway lines in the suburbs starting in the 1960s such as Tama New Town and Chiba New Town. With the high concentration of office and commercial functions in central Tokyo and the development of housing estates along railway lines in the suburbs, Tokyo has grown to a transit-oriented, mono-centric region at least from a macroscopic point of view. The daytime and nighttime population density by distance from Tokyo station clearly show this pattern. In the future, with the decrease of working population, it may become more difficult to maintain today’s sophisticated railway system and a mono-centric spatial structure. In addition, suburbs without sufficient public transit services have already become automobile-oriented.
RESIDENTIAL AREAS
18.8% AREA USED FOR TRANSPORT PUPOSE
17.6%
Land use for transport facility Greens Urban Offices/Commercial Areas Residential Area Ware Houses and Logistic centers Low Utilized Area
Bomching Maio Beeravelli Chetan E.Kautilya Shashank Gautam
Japan
Tokyo-Land Use
Large Street
the skyscraper Commercial 10+ floors
Street mixed use Commercial 6-9 floors
mixed use residential 2-5 floors single homes residential 1-2 floors
Alley
large street street
alley
single components density study
Bomching Maio Beeravelli Chetan E.Kautilya Shashank Gautam
Japan Precinct Study-Shinjuku, Wakaba
Underground Metro Line
Major Road Linkages
Expressway
Metro Station
Underground Metro Station
Japan Precinct- Ueno, Tokyo
Underground Metro Line
Major Road Linkages
Expressway
Metro Station
Underground Metro Station
Japan Precinct- Ueno, Tokyo
Metro Station
Japan Precinct- Ueno, Tokyo
large street street alley
Commercial Mixed Land Use Residential
Key Plan- Ueno, Tokyo
Bomching Maio Beeravelli Chetan E.Kautilya Shashank Gautam
Japan
Precinct Study-Ueno, Taito
RETAILS SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS
6.9%
5.8%
OTHERS, NO INFORMATION
11.7%
WAREHOUSES AND LOGISTIC CENTERS
7.7%
OFFICES
FACTORIES
20.2%
11.3%
RESIDENTIAL AREAS
18.8%
AREA USED FOR TRANSPORT PUPOSE
Railway construction was one of the national modernization policies, and the national railway network connecting central Tokyo and other cities in Japan was established by the end of the nineteenth century. Beginning in the 1920s, private railway companies purchased huge areas of land in the suburbs of Tokyo and developed housing estates or garden suburbs. Private railway companies were able to pay for the railway constructions by the profits they made from selling or leasing the developed housing estates and commercial areas around the stations. Public corporations also developed large-scale housing estates along railway lines in the suburbs starting in the 1960s such as Tama New Town and Chiba New Town. With the high concentration of office and commercial functions in central Tokyo and the development of housing estates along railway lines in the suburbs, Tokyo has grown to a transitoriented, mono-centric region at least from a macroscopic point of view. The daytime and nighttime population density by distance from Tokyo station clearly show this pattern. In the future, with the decrease of working population, it may become more difficult to maintain today’s sophisticated railway system and a mono-centric spatial structure. In addition, suburbs without sufficient public transit services have already become automobile-oriented.
17.6%
Land use for transport facility Greens Urban Offices/Commercial Areas Residential Area Ware Houses and Logistic centers Low Utilized Area
Tokyo in Transit Land Use Study