Bees for Development Journal 131 July 2019
Beekeeping in Pakistan – history, potential and current status Khalid Ali Khan, Assistant Professor of Apiculture/Entomology, Unit of Bee Research & Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia Pakistan is in South Asia and ranks as the world’s sixth most populous country. It has a diverse landscape characterised by the high mountain ranges, picturesque valleys, desolate plateaus, the Indus basin, sandy deserts, sandy beaches, blue pools, and the mangrove forests along the Arabian Sea, each landscape characterised by its own vegetation. The topography of Pakistan has diverse climates, most of the areas receive adequate rainfall in Kharif and Rabi seasons which boost the vegetative growth and enhance the flowering of numerous plant species which are rich sources of nectar and pollen for bees. Most beekeeping practices are focused in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and central and north regions of Punjab but are growing rapidly. Beekeeping in Pakistan is not exploiting the full potential of bee forage plants found in forest cover and agricultural land including linear plantations, and rangelands. The bee flora present in the country can support up to 3.5 million bee colonies (Khan et al 2014).
Pakistan and all provinces
Pakistan is blessed with a wealth of naturally occurring flora and fauna including three species of indigenous honey bees: the Asian hive honey bee Apis cerana, the dwarf honey bee Apis florea, and the rock honey bee Apis dorsata. Apis andreniformis and Apis laboriosa are almost certainly present and awaiting identification.
Pakistan lies at the western end of the Asian honey bees’ range: the further dispersal of these bees is prohibited by the arid regions of Afghanistan. Apis florea is most likely due to the introduction by humans rather than natural spread. The natural arid barrier has prevented Apis mellifera (which dispersed out of Africa) and the Asian honey bees from mixing. Over evolutionary time different pests and pathogens associated with Asian honey bee species and Apis mellifera have arisen separately. Currently there are an estimated 10,000 beekeepers in Pakistan managing 600,000 Apis mellifera colonies who harvest more than 12,000 tonnes of honey annually.
The full potential of bee forage in Pakistan has yet to be determined
In Pakistan an estimated 10,000 beekeepers harvest over 12,000 tonnes of honey each year
(Image courtesy of https://www.shughal.com/the-10-most-stunning-lakes-of-pakistan/)
(Image courtesy Ahsan Khalil via https://www.pinterest.com/pin/300544975105555141/)
Beekeeping practices
8
