One hectare of land gives 1,000,000 Indian rupees per annum

For all those who doubt these figures, a visit to Ramesh Chander Dagar's farmland is a must. It will change the way you perceive agriculture and farming. Located in Akbarpur Barota village of Sonipat District in Haryana, India, the farmland is like the laboratory of an agricultural scientist. As a result of his research Dagar has arrived at the calculation above. "I am a simple farmer, who has studied only up to 10th standard. | used to keep hearing claims by the government that small land holdings are not viable for agriculture, which set me thinking. About four years back, I set aside a part of my agriculture field (1 ha) and started experimenting. Today am confident that 1 ha land can give a minimum income of Rs 10 lakh (1,000,000 Indian Rupees) per annum," he says.

Dagar follows integrated organic farming. "Organic farming does not mean just not using pesticides. whole lot of other things, such as It is a beekeeping, dairy management, biogas production, water harvesting and composting. When a combination of these practices is followed, organic farming is sure to be successful, both ecologically and financially," he adds. Dagar is already busy spreading the seeds of integrated organic farming in his home State.

He has garnered support of other farmers and set up at state level, Haryana Kisan Welfare Club, with branches at each District. Close to 5,000 farmers are active members of this Club and are fast spreading the word around.

Learning by doing

Dagar started farming with only 1.6 ha land in 1971 and today owns close to 44 ha, all farmed by integrated organic methods. A clear understanding of three issues helped him succeed in life: how produce will be marketed; what natural resources are available; maintaining the quality of produce.

Marketing is the most important feature, as most organic farmers fail when they are unable to sell their produce. "Before sowing any new crop, I used to first survey the market and understand the demand. It is only when | was 60% sure of the returns, that | used to take 40% risk,' says Dagar. And in most cases it worked for his good.

In his 44 ha, Dagar grows organically almost all seasonal vegetables, fruits, paddy, wheat, mushrooms and flowers. He has also started growing exotic vegetables and fruits, like lettuce, baby corn and strawberry, for export. It is out of this 44 ha, that he has set aside one hectare for research purposes: Dagar's ‘research lab’. "Through this 1 ha, I want to prove to all those who think that organic farming is not profitable.

Source of income:

Vermicompost - 500,000 (Annual income (Rs))

Dairy - 100,000 (Annual income (Rs))

Mushroom - 300,000 (Annual income (Rs))

Honey - 400,000 (Annual income (Rs))

Fishery - 30,000 (Annual income (Rs))

Total Rs - 1,330,000 (Annual income (Rs))

Approximately €7,300 or US$9,200

Annual income (Rs)

Dagar's Research Lab

Dagar's ha ‘research lab' 1 is a visual extravaganza. Composting is taking place at one end, flowers growing at the other end, a farm pond with fishes, biogas plant, and solar panels. And all these processes are interlinked through various agrocycles that together create an annual income of around Rs 13 lakh. (See currency counter page 9). This income increases further if one takes into account energy saved due to use of biogas and solar power. Let us understand the agro-cycle of vermicomposting. "99.9% of Indian farmers burn the left over of paddy crop, locally known as pawal. This pawal is an excellent raw material for vermicompost (compost made using earthworms). Using it, am producing annually 300 tonnes of vermicompost, a part of which I use on my fields and the rest is sold at a rate of Rs 3 per kg", says Dagar. Apart from vermicompost, Dagar also produces normal compost. Hence the total annual generation of compost is about 600 tonnes. Dagar aims to produce 1,000 tonnes by the end of 2004. All from a 'waste' resource. He claims vermicompost is the best because it helps maintain moisture in the soils and reduces water consumption by almost 25%. He is already providing 2 kg earthworms free of cost to farmers, who pledge to go in for organic farming.

The most important part of integrated organic farming is beekeeping; which increases the output of crops by 10-30% because bees are very effective in natural pollination. Also the honey produced has great demand on the national and international market. As part of the experiment, Dagar has about 150 hives of bees, with each colony generating 35-40 kg honey. The total annual income from honey is Rs 4 lakh. "Beekeeping is a very profitable business, which even a landless farmer can do. And one farmer can benefit an area of 2-3 km, which is the normal range of bees," says Dagar.

Future challenges

With success comes new challenges. And Dagar has his own. Firstly, it is the cost of organic food, which is priced higher than food grown using chemicals. Dagar has tried to address this issue by making use of a high premium on organic food. He has also tied up with voluntary organisations, which promote the marketing of organic food. Whereas the issue of cost has been addressed to a large extent, the problem of certification remains. India lacks a streamlined procedure for the certification of organic foods. Also one kind of certificate is not valid for all countries. "Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority is the nodal agency which addresses the issue of certification. It has about 10 companies registered under it, out of which only one is an Indian firm. A one day visit by company official a costs close to Rs 15,000. Which Indian farmer has so much money to spend?"

Thanks to D M Nair, of Down to Earth, India, for permission to reprint this article by Nidhi Jamwal published in Alternative Technology Vol 31 (3)

Currency counter

1 lakh Indian Rupees = Rs100,000

1 lakh Indian Rupees € 1,830 = $2,300

100 indian Rupees = € 1.83 = $2.30

Rs = Indian Rupee; € = Euro; $ = US dollar