Belarus (magazine #4 2015)

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No.4 (979), 2015

BELARUS

www.belarus-magazine.by

Беларусь. Belarus

Politics, Economy, Culture

AT THE SCALES of gender equality

Events in Belarus and abroad

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contents

Беларусь.Belarus Monthly magazine No. 4 (979), 2015 Published since 1930 State Registration Certificate of mass medium No.8 dated March 2nd, 2009, issued by the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus

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Founders: The Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus “SB” newspaper editorial office Belvnesheconombank

Much to discuss and TO consult upon

Editor: Viktor Kharkov Executive Secretary: Valentina Zhdanovich

Design and Layout by

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We have been and remain a sovereign state President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko gave an exclusive interview to “Bloomberg” media holding

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Powerfully, Profoundly, Spiritually...

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’ Return to parental home...’

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Open gates of treasures Supraśl and

Nobody Remains Without Help

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In the mirror of the modernity Early May is a busy time for journalists in Belarus since May 1st is the Day of Work and May 5th is the Day of the Press. This is followed by May 7th, the Day of Radio and Television Workers, and, of course, by May 9th: Victory Day. This abundance of holidays includes two professional holidays

Satellite Odyssey continues New na-

tional space programme developed in Belarus to send second Belarusian satellite into orbit

Suvorov on ‘Harley’ Veteran from Ural Region names himself as dashing heromotorcyclist depicted in Minsk on July 3rd, 1944 canvas

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Biała Podlaska, and protected Bialowieza Forest set to attract cross-border tourism between Belarus and Poland

Vilnius — Vilnya: capital of Lithuania in Belarusian history SB — Belarus Se-

Vadim Kondrashov Nadezhda Ponkratova Беларусь.Belarus is published in Belarusian, English, Spanish and Polish.

Distributed in 50 countries of the world.

Final responsibility for factual accuracy or interpretation rests with the authors of the publications. Should any article of Беларусь.Belarus be used, the reference to the magazine is obligatory.

godnya newspaper releases collection of postcards featuring ancient city sites

The magazine does not bear responsibility for the contents of advertisements.

Met on clothes St. Petersburg hosts Be-

Publisher: “SB” editorial office

lorusy.by. 20th Century Ethnographic Research in Belarus exhibition

Actress’s talent illuminates the stage Olga Klebanovich is among the most acclaimed and accomplished actresses of our modern times. As the older generation of theatrical critics admits, she has the power to heal hearts

Small swan becomes a queen

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This magazine has been printed at State Entertainment “Publishers “Belarus Printing House”.

79 Nezavisimosti Ave., Minsk, Belarus, 220013 Order No. 1022 Total circulation — 1884 copies (including 724 in English).

Write us to the address: 11 Kiselyov Str., Minsk, Belarus, 220029.

Tel.: +375 (17) 290-62-24, 290-66-45.

Tel./Fax: +375 (17) 290-68-31. www.belarus-magazine.by E-mail: mail@belarus-magazine.by Subscription index in Belpochta catalogue — 74977

Artist who paints

BY EMOTIONS

For future foreign subscribers for ‘Belarus’ magazine, apply to ‘MK-Periodica’ agency.

E-mail: info@periodicals.ru Telephone in Minsk: +375 (17) 227-09-10.

© “Беларусь. Belarus”, 2015

editor's note

When spring reigns in your soul

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pril is a special month, being connected with Chernobyl. They say time heals all wounds, and it is true. Almost thirty years have passed since the explosion at the ill-fated reactor, not far from the Ukrainian town of Pripyat, which covered almost all Belarus with its dangerous cloud. We dealt with the consequences of the technogenic catastrophe: radiation. We still mourn about those who died in April 1986, remaining loyal to their professional duty until the very end. We should also never forget those who were left suffering from illness for years after the Chernobyl disaster.

However, some aspects of life have improved, with people resettled in ‘purer’ places, making their home. None were abandoned by the state. Over time, ‘contaminated’ lands have rejuvenated, as the half-decay period of radioactive particles from Chernobyl clouds has passed.

Time is a healer, as we feel in our souls, although a ‘line of estrangement’ exists which cannot be crossed: forbidden territories are a reality after a technogenic catastrophe.

We cannot but hold dear our native land, so long our home, and it has been with utmost sympathy that Belarus has offered a warm-hearted welcome to any forced to seek peace beyond their own homeland. Against the background of modern conflict, our people are eager to extend a hand of friendship, despite the long-term commitment and challenges of offering more than a ‘bed for a night’. It’s important to well realise all challenges generated by an increasing number of those seeking asylum, as explored in Nobody Remains Without Help, looking at the assistance extended to refugees in Belarus. Jean-Yves Bouchardy, the Representative of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Belarus, shares his expertise.

Satellite Odyssey Continues examines the new national space programme. One of the project’s goals is to send a second Belarusian satellite into orbit. The achievements of the National Academy of Sciences have become a useful aid in the creation of this satellite.

We also offer the story of a man who stormed into history, as his fellow countrymen say of Great Patriotic War veteran Dmitry Suvorov, from Yekaterinburg. Harley-Davidson mo-

torbikes have featured in many devil-maycare films, but the war history of Red Army motorcyclist Dmitry leaves American action films in the dust. The soldier didn’t become a movie hero but found himself in a very famous picture.

His countrymen, in Sverdlovsk Region, have thoroughly studied the well-known monumental canvas by Belarusian painter Valentin Volkov: Minsk on July 3rd, 1944. Seventy years since the liberation of the capital of Belarus, some interesting details have been revealed: Red Army soldier Dmitry Suvorov was the prototype for a character portrayed on the canvas, which has become a symbol of Victory for Minskers.

Read on in Suvorov on ‘Harley’.

Meanwhile, the Bolshoi Theatre of Belarus continues to surprise audiences. This time, its interpretation of Rimsky-Korsakov’s dynamic and expressive Tsar’s Bride is set to delight us. The theatre’s chief director, Mikhail Pandzhavidze, asserts that his staging of this operatic pearl will surprise everyone! Valentina Zhdanovich has been to see the new show, and gives us her thoughts in Powerfully, Profoundly, Spiritually...

Some believe that Belarusian painting is restrained but painter Mikalai Bushchik demonstrates that it can be festive, bright and elevated, as explored in Artist Who Paints

By Emotions.

If you have the opportunity, go to see the exhibition of Mikalai Bushchik’s works; they are, without exaggeration, life-affirming.

By Viktor Kharkov

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Panorama  Brest Fortress film screened at UN Headquarters

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The joint Belarusian-Russian picture, released in 2010, has enjoyed its New York premiere, organised by the representations of Belarus and Russia, with support from the diplomatic missions of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan

 Easter brings joy and peace to families President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko visits Nativity of Holy Mother Cathedral in Orsha, attending Easter service and chatting to parishioners

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he President wished all those present health and happiness, saying, “Everything will be fine if you remain in good cheer.”

Mr. Lukashenko reminded them that Belarus has been and remains a peaceful country, although, “If someone wishes to fight, we’ll worthily oppose them. However, we have no such enemies at present, so live peacefully. Everything will be settled as it should be.”

The Head of State noted that he celebrates Easter across various regions of Belarus and, this year, chose to visit his own homeland. Mr. Lukashenko presented a Christ Pantocrator icon to the Nativity of Holy Mother Cathedral, painted by Dmitry Poluyanov. It features Jesus Christ carrying the Testament in his left hand, while his right hand is raised in a gesture of blessing. Meanwhile, the Head of State received an icon depicting the Last Supper, painted by masters from Orsha’s Kuteinsky Monastery.

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he screening was attended not only by the American public but by heads and employees of missions of UN member states, alongside representatives of the UN Secretariat. Belarus’ Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Andrei Dapkiunas, gave a welcome address, noting the importance of preserving the memory of victims and the heroic deeds of nations who defeated Fascism — to avoid any repetition of past mistakes or a repeated world tragedy. He stressed the necessity of doubling global community efforts to affirm unity, tolerance and solidarity as ruling principles of international relations.

The screening of films about the Great Patriotic War at the UN Headquarters has been one of many events conducted in New York, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the end of WW2 — which predetermined the necessity of establishing the UN.

 Konstantin Simonov would have been pleased Avenue honouring 70th anniversary of Victory to be laid on legendary Buinichi Field, near Mogilev

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he Deputy Chairman of Mogilev’s City Executive Committee, Andrey Kuntsevich, tells us that 70 linden trees are to be planted, symbolising 70 years of peace, alongside three oaks honouring the three armies responsible for liberating Mogilev. An apple orchard is to be planted

In early May 2015, a solemn session of the UN General Assembly is to take place, dedicated to all WW2 victims.

This will feature a photo exhibition, coinciding with the anniversary of the Great Victory, prepared jointly by missions from Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. This will be preceded by a symbolic ceremony entitled Trees of Peace and Unity, planting saplings at the UN Headquarters. by children and their foster parents at the local children’s SOS-village. Additionally, a garden is being laid for the use of the Great Patriotic War veterans staying at the Regional Hospital of Invalids, nearby.

Mr. Kuntsevich comments, “Apple blossoms symbolise spring, the Victory and rebirth. By May, 9th, our young citizens of Mogilev will have created a scarlet cloth on which they will have embroidered the names of their great-grandfathers who fought in the Great Patriotic War. On the Victory Day, they’ll carry the 300m banner through the centre of the city.”

Meeting

Much to discuss and to consult upon During working visit to Kazakhstan, Alexander Lukashenko takes part in trilateral meeting with presidents of Kazakhstan and Russia, the three heads of state discussing trade-economic challenges within Eurasian Economic Union

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n arriving in Astana, the President of Belarus met the President of Kazakhstan, expressing his hope that our two nations

can expand trade.

He told Mr. Nazarbayev, “Our relations are sound but our pace of trade co-operation has slowed. I’d like it to develop more actively despite wellknown external factors having affected the situation in Kazakhstan and Belarus, as has the almost twice devaluation of the Russian Rouble.”

Mr. Lukashenko recalled that, last year, much attention was paid to problems within the EEU and suggested exchanging views on how best to enlarge the Union, via the accession of Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. The President of Belarus also drew attention to the ongoing presidential election campaign in Kazakhstan, saying, “You know our attitude and that we are rooting for you, wishing you victory.”

President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev noted that the Eurasian Economic Union (launched on January 1st, 2015) owes much to the Belarusian President, who accelerated integration processes. The Kazakh President

has remained steady, with many joint ventures and dozens of Belarusian assembly enterprises operating in Kazakhstan. “We’ll continue this work,” said the Kazakh President.

The next day, during a trilateral meet-

The leaders of the three states discussed the areas of collaboration in detail, alongside possible joint measures to boost trade and to control monetary-credit and other spheres also underlined the importance of the ‘Normandy Four’ meeting in Minsk.

“It’s excellent that such a meeting took place in Minsk. You did a great deal,” stressed Mr. Nazarbayev. “One way or another, the war has stopped; nobody needs a major war, filled with bloodshed and internal confrontation, and that includes us.”

Speaking about Belarus-Kazakhstan bilateral relations, Mr. Nazarbayev remarked that bilateral trade turnover

ing between the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russian, the heads of state discussed existing trade-economic challenges within the work of the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as some international issues.

“It’s clear that, in the run-up to the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory, we should be united. Too many challenges exist and there have even been attempts to rewrite our common history. At this time especially, we should demonstrate

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Meeting

political and economic unity,” asserted the President of Belarus.

Mr. Lukashenko emphasised that each year brings new challenges but that the Eurasian Economic Union is providing timely assistance. He urged remembrance of other members of the Union, for whom new development options should be proposed.

Later, after the trilateral meeting, Mr. Lukashenko told journalists that he and his fellow EEU presidents have agreed to meet next on May 8th, in Moscow. He added that the agenda will include issues raised in Astana and his hope that the three EEU member governments will have adopted decisions by that time.

The leaders of the three states discussed the areas of collaboration in detail, alongside possible joint measures to boost trade and to control monetary-credit and other spheres, to ensure sustainable and mutually beneficial development.

The President of Belarus was pleased to note that vice prime ministers from our three countries have previously conducted efficient meetings, aiming to

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eradicate problems between our states.

Moreover, a whole range of problematic issues has been tackled during presidential bilateral talks between Belarus and Kazakhstan, and between Russia and Kazakhstan.

Mr. Lukashenko added that, at the trilateral meeting, the heads of state focused on economic issues, besides others, since, in 2014 and early 2015, trade turnover fell. “It’s not a good trend; however, the reasons are clear, as we’ve discussed. We’ve outlined possible solutions for these complex issues, which need to be resolved. There’s also a simple formula for raising Union trade turnover: we need to sell our own goods!” said the Belarusian leader.

More than 100 items of legislation are lined up for the EEU in 2015, with a new Customs Code to the fore, governing a common market for electricity, gas, oil and oil products, as well as international treaties regulating currency-financial and socio-economic interaction.

The heads of state have agreed to develop trade-economic and investment interaction, instructing their govern-

ments to elaborate measures to support trade growth.

The accession of new members to the Eurasian Economic Union also came under debate. “We’ve confirmed our wish that new members of the Union observe the principles set out by our three countries. We’ve worked hard to create this Union, so new members must observe its existing principles,” underlined Mr. Lukashenko.

The leaders of the three countries additionally noted issues on the political agenda, such as regulation of the situation in Ukraine. Mr. Lukashenko noted, “Our meeting has resulted in a coincidence of positions across most areas of co-operation.”

The heads of state have agreed to continue meeting informally to discuss and to adopt decisions, aiming to respond promptly to any crisis arising. The presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia also visited the Library of the First President of Kazakhstan, chatting to young visitors, and Mr. Lukashenko and Mr. Putin were awarded electronic reader tickets.

By Vasily Kharitonov

TOPICAL

We have been and remain a sovereign state

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President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko gave an exclusive interview to “Bloomberg” media holding

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hatting for over 90 minutes with journalist Ryan Chilcote, Mr. Lu k ashen ko answered almost 50 questions. Read on for key extracts from the interview.

The situation in Ukraine Mr. Lukashenko believes that it will be some time before peace is brought to Ukraine. He noted, “I’m fearful that this may be the calm before the storm. Certain trends and facts are evident, show-

ing that there is still a long way to go for Ukraine to achieve peace.”

The President is concerned that the USA has lacked open involvement in the process. He underlined, “I believe that, without the Americans, there can be no stability in Ukraine. Meeting recently with representatives of the United States of America, who visited us, I strongly conveyed my view, saying that I didn’t know what the Americans wanted here, in Eastern Europe, particularly in Ukraine, but that, if they desire peace and stability, they should immediately engage in this process.”

Of course, Russia has a role to play in settling the Ukrainian conflict. Regarding the possible participation of Russia in the conflict in Donbass, Mr. Lukashenko noted, “Russia is not so stupid as to risk sending troops there.

It would be wrong to blame Russia for sending its regular troops into this conflict. There are plenty of people in Russia who want to fight in Donbass, either for money or for ideology. Thousands have travelled from Russia and elsewhere but I’ve been informed that no Belarusian mercenaries are among those fighting.”

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TOPICAL The President is hopeful that Russia and the USA may work in unity to bring peace to Ukraine. However, he asserts that, if the United States of America provides Ukraine with serious armaments, it could lead to the escalation of the conflict, and would push Russia to respond. Mr. Lukashenko warns that a war could begin since ‘neither party trusts the other’ and ‘many armed people in Ukraine conform neither to the instructions of the President nor to Ukrainian army rules’. He laments, “Their presence also raises the degree of mistrust between the conflicting parties. Not everyone has adhered to the Minsk memorandum on the withdrawal of armaments from the contact zone, which is dangerous since it risks resumption and escalation of conflict.

I’m afraid to say that it may lead to the open involvement of other states.”

conflict must negotiate some form of peace, including discussion of changes to the Constitution. He commented, “Some speak about federalisation and autonomy, while the Ukrainian authorities advocate decentralisation.

These clear-cut and essential issues can be entrenched in the Constitution of Ukraine. Decentralisation is good. We need to give special status to these territories, to end conflict. Territories should be restored in order to see the situation improve, sooner or later. This should be done if we want to bring peace and integrity to Ukraine.”

Belarus’ foreign policy The President emphasised that Belarus is an absolutely peace-loving country, having never threatened anyone and with no intention of doing so. He stressed, “If I’d tried to threaten

We are peaceful people and have no desire to receive threats. Why would I need to threaten anyone? Do we want more territory? No. God grant we manage the territory we have!

We have only 10 million people, and can freely feed 20-25 million

Ways to solve the crisis The President has repeatedly advocated peaceful regulation of the Ukrainian conflict, saying, “I believe that we have not yet wasted our opportunities. In order to maintain the integrity and unity of Ukraine, we must implement the Minsk agreements signed by the leadership of Ukraine. It’s impossible to avoid contact with the current leaders of the DNR and LNR. Mr. Lukashenko is convinced that those who are party to the Ukrainian

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someone, Belarusians would not have elected me President. We are peaceful people and have no desire to receive threats. Why would I need to threaten anyone? Do we want more territory?

No. God grant we manage the territory we have! We have only 10 million people, and can freely feed 20-25 million. We need a larger population for the territory we have. Why do I need to threaten anyone? Do I have tremendous military, economic and financial resources to threaten anyone?”

The President tried to explain the West’s cautious attitude to our

country, saying, “Europeans, and especially Americans (I intend no offense) believe, or at least have done so in the past, that the Belarusian regime, as they call it (our internal state system and our form of government) does not correspond to their views and ideas. They’ve accused us of lacking democracy and say that we’ve violated human rights, asserting that Belarus needs to ‘change’. They tried to ‘change’ us via various methods but this hasn’t worked. They’ve labelled me as a ‘dictator’.

Western sanctions The President is convinced that all sanctions are an anachronism, without use, being senseless restrictions — towards our country and now Russia. Mr. Lukashenko notes that modern globalisation prevents sanctions working since, ‘If you put pressure on us, the door is open to other states’. He added, “We’ve been co-operating very effectively, and still do so, with Russia, China, India, and other states in Asia and Africa, as well as Latin America.

Thank God our relations with the United States are also normalising now. Sanctions are an anachronism; time, which is the chief justice, has proven me right.”

On peace The President noted that, amid recent events in neighbouring states and the wider world, Belarusians have begun to appreciate more than ever that nothing is more precious than stability and peace. He stated, “Belarusians understand well that the state should be stable and that peace is our main priority. We may be slightly poorer than others, lacking resources to become wealthy, but we live in a peaceful country, where our children and elderly don’t die from shrapnel and bullets. We should all, including myself, in power, do our best to keep Belarus sovereign and independent for the next generation of authorities and politicians. We will do so.

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Belarusian-Russian relations Mr. Lukashenko commented on the number of Russian politicians who think in an ‘imperial’ manner, viewing Belarus solely as ‘some north-western province’. He underlined, “Our firm answer is that we won’t ever be some north-western province, just as we will never enter into conflict with Russia.

The Russian leadership has never raised the issue of whether Belarus should become part of Russia. We have been and remain a sovereign, independent state.”

The President said that the last time he had discussed this issue with Putin was a year after the last presidential elections in Russia. “I was happy to

they determine to take our land, where Belarusians should live. Every Belarusian citizens desires to live on their own land, in their state, so the Belarusian nation will defend itself. Look at history.

We lost every third resident in WW2, but we didn’t fall to our knees before the aggressor. We continued defending our homeland. We would do the same today, in the same way.”

The Head of State noted that the West believes Vladimir Putin to be ‘seeking to restore some empire’. However, Mr. Lukashenko emphasised, “He doesn’t seek to restore any empire. However, if someone goes too far and starts poking Russia, Putin and the Russians will respond. Tread carefully around Russia as, although Putin has no intention of

Belarusians understand well that the state should be stable and that peace is our main priority. We may be slightly poorer than others, lacking resources to become wealthy, but we live in a peaceful country, where our children and elderly don’t die from shrapnel and bullets

hear him say that he had no intention of ‘subduing or capturing other countries, including Belarus’. “He told us that we both have our own ‘residences’ but remain close, like ‘brothers, often visiting each other’. That’s the sort of discussion we had,” stressed Mr. Lukashenko.

He is convinced that Russia will never fight Belarus, saying, “The leadership of Russia has no reason to look badly in our direction. The Russian people would not understand such a move and what would be the reason for fighting us? There is none so I doubt that Russia will take up arms against Belarus.”

He added, “Nevertheless, I stress again that whoever raises a sword to us will perish by the sword. We will fight Europeans, Americans or Russians if

conquering anyone, he is a contemporary person and understands the dangers of the modern world.”

The President accused the Americans and the EU and other political centres of being just as ‘guilty’ of accusations of interference in the internal affairs of neighbouring countries as Russia. He underlined, “Why did you go to Libya, Iraq, and other places? Do you have vital interests there? So has Russia. It has vital interests in Georgia and in other neighbouring countries.

Such behaviour is common to all big states. They somehow believe that to survive in their giant form and to advance their interests elsewhere, they need to dominate others. You cannot accuse Russia alone.”

Speaking of relations within the Union, Mr. Lukashenko said that, regardless of Ukrainian events, Belarus-Russia relations haven’t changed in any way.

Single currency for the EEU According to the President, this problem has been ‘overblown’ and the introduction of a single currency for the Eurasian Economic Union isn’t on the current agenda. He commented, “When we three debated the notion of a single currency in Astana, Vladimir Putin asked if experts could discuss the issue.

It’s no problem — let them talk. However, we didn’t debate the introduction of a single currency for some definite time, even remote in nature. This will be the last act of the Eurasian Economic Union, which has enough challenges to face before tackling a single currency.”

Economic situation Unfavourable external factors, including the devaluation of the Russian Rouble, and falling oil and gas prices, have undoubtedly made the situation in Russia more complex and have affected Belarus. The President believes that the situation is difficult, but not crucial. He notes, “It’s bad that we were so slow to diversify our economy and exports. We export more than half of what we produce, so we depend on foreign markets. We’d failed to extend beyond the Russian market, and markets of former Soviet Union states, so we now we need to facilitate the process. An inflow of currency would help us to maintain the exchange rate of the Belarusian Rouble, which has now stabilised to a degree.”

Orienting points regarding inflation and gold and currency reserves have been stipulated, with Mr. Lukashenko asserting, “With regard to inflation, we aim for 12-15 percent today and for one-digit numbers next year. We can achieve this. With regard to gold and currency reserves, it’s difficult to accumulate them at the moment but we must ensure that volumes don’t fall.”

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The UN and Belarus

Nobody remains without help In recent times, the volume of expulsions and the number of asylum-seekers has grown significantly. A decade ago, around 38 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, generalized violence, or human rights violations. By the end of 2013, this number amounted to some 51 million, according to world statistics. The number of conflicts has risen while old crises remain unsettled. Accordingly, the need for humanitarian aid has steadily risen.

It’s hardly possible to remain optimistic regarding a change in this trend since few possibilities exist to resolve or prevent crises at an international level. Such factors as population growth, climate change, and lack of food and water aggravate the humanitarian situation. Importantly, the right to shelter (with some exceptions) is widely respected; most of those in need receive protection against conflict and persecution.

Civil wars in Syria and Iraq have led to humanitarian di-

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saster. Is the international community coping with its responsibility to care for those in need? Humanitarian donors’ contribution is great but need exceeds the ability to satisfy even a small share. The Syrian conflict is escalating while neighbouring countries are feeling the strain of huge numbers of refugees. To support those states accepting refugees is essential, since the burden on infrastructure — especially hospitals and schools — and on state budgets — is heavy. To stabilise the situation, co-operative development is vital. Belarus has long offered shelter to those in need and continues this worthy tradition; today’s Belarusians are eager to render help, demonstrating great public sympathy.

Of course, the issue goes beyond a mere ‘bed for the night’: it’s important to realise the full scope of the challenge of accepting an increasing number of refugees.

This issue hosts an interview with Jean Yves Bouchardy, the Representative of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Belarus:

The UN and Belarus

Anybody can address our organization as long as a person is afraid of return to his/ her country and would like to seek and receive asylum

Jean Yves Bouchardy

What does UNHCR do in Belarus?

UNHCR stands for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

It is a UN Refugee Agency whose primary purpose is to safeguard the rights and well-being of refugees. The other persons of concern to UNHCR are stateless people, internally displaced persons, returnees, asylum-seekers.

The UNHCR Office in Belarus was established in 1995. The role of UNHCR in the country is working with the government on improving international protection regime in Belarus, with a particular focus on enhancing the quality of state refugee status determination procedure.

UNHCR also places a great emphasis on integration of recognised refugees.

Through its partner NGOs, UNHCR provides emergency/one-time and monthly financial assistance to the most vulnerable refugees and asylum-seekers, offers assistance with gainful employment via vocational and language training, facilitates individual entrepreneurship among refugees. UNHCR also carries

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out various public information activities to make the public opinion receptive towards the integration of refugees.

What is the situation with refugees in Belarus?

For many years, the situation has been quite stable: ~150 persons were applying for asylum in Belarus in 2010-2012. The figures have changed in 2013 when due to increase of asylum-seekers from Syria the number of claimants amounted to 208 individuals. And in 2014 there was fourfold increase as a result of the crisis in Ukraine and continuing instability in Syria — 867 foreigners sought asylum in Belarus (including 663 nationals of Ukraine, 95 — Syria and 34 — Afghanistan). So you can see that the number of asylum-seekers has exploded.

You have probably noticed that I am using different words while speaking about individuals whom UNHCR works with in Belarus. Let me provide some additional explanations in order everybody clearly understands whom we are speaking about.

Everybody knows the word ‘refugee’ which is frequently used in mass media. In its general meaning, it covers all categories of foreigners whom UNHCR works with. But this is what lies on the surface. If we go a bit further, we will come to two specific groups of UNHCR beneficiaries. They are ‘asylum-seekers’ or foreigners who had just arrived in the country, applied for asylum and are now awaiting decision on their asylum claim, and those who have already received protection — ‘refugees’ or ‘recognised refugees’. In Belarus context, the latter is to be referred to people whom the Government of Belarus granted one out of two available forms of protection — refugee status or complementary protection.

Here, the main difference is in foreigner’s status, i.e. status of a person who applied and does not have decision versus status of a person who got positive reply. Otherwise we can in general call everybody refugees; as UNHCR’s doctrine says, a person does not become a refugee as a result of his/her recognition as such, but

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The UN and Belarus is recognised as a refugee due to the fact that s/he is a refugee.

Finally, I would like to add that there are almost 6,500 stateless persons residing in Belarus.

Who can address your organisation for help?

In short, anybody can address our organisation as long as a person is afraid of return to his/her country and would like to seek and receive asylum.

Yes, we use refugee definition in order to decide on case-by-case basis whether particular person is entitled to UNHCR assistance or not (main criteria: a foreigner or a stateless person outside his/her country who has well-founded fear of being persecuted in his/her country for certain reasons — race, nationality, religion, political opinion and membership in a particular social group — and inability or unwillingness to avail him/herself of the protection of his/her country), but this procedure takes time. What we are to do in the very beginning is to meet a person, listen to him/her and help to apply for asylum in Belarus (if s/he wants). And, of course, to provide him/her with as much information as possible about his/her rights in the country and possible outcomes of application for asylum.

What I have just said is a snapshot, in practice a foreigner has to undergo

special procedure, we call it refugee status determination, which envisages formal application for asylum to competent state authority, provision of documents and evidence supporting asylum claim during the interview, and, finally, decision of state authority dealing with refugees. In Belarus, this is competence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, namely its Department on Citizenship and Migration (DCM).

DCM can issue positive or negative decision. I am articulating this as everybody has to understand that application for asylum does not mean automatic provision of protection. From our side we are monitoring individual cases; if UNHCR sees that particular asylum claim really deserves refugee status or complementary protection, but authorities tend to deny protection, we are able to intervene: express our concerns, transfer information supporting positive decision and, if an asylum-seeker was finally rejected, provide UNHCR-paid advocate who will represent the person in the court during appeal stage.

What kind of assistance can you provide to refugees?

UNHCR provides assistance to refugees and other persons of concern primarily through its partner organisa-

A Syrian refugee, employed in OJSC “Vitebskkhlebprom” within the framework of a joint project of UNHCR and Vitebsk Regional Executive Committee

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tions. There are 4 major NGOs that we fund and cooperate with.

Our largest partner is Belarusian Red Cross, which is responsible for providing social aid and humanitarian assistance.

Here, the most vulnerable asylum-seekers and refugees may receive food and hygienic kits, emergency and monthly financial assistance, as well as have up to 80 percent of their medical expenses reimbursed.

Another partner, Belarusian Movement of Medical Workers, implements our project ‘Refugee Counselling Service’ and provides legal counselling to UNHCR persons of concern on a variety of issues, namely everything related to state refugee status determination procedure, composition of application and appeals against decision of state authorities, application for and receipt of permits for permanent and temporary residence, employment, medical treatment and etc.

And, of course, ‘Evrika’, an educational centre for children and adolescents, which implements educational activities aimed at socialising the refugee children and integrating them into the Belarusian society. Here, children can attend the Russian language classes, participate in outdoors summer camps, and join a wide range of other extracurricular activities.

An Afghan refugee, who got a tractor within the framework of UNHCR project aimed at support of business initiatives and self-employment initiatives

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The UN and Belarus

Children of refugees, pupils of ‘Evrika’, an educational centre for children and adolescents, within the framework of a joint project with UNHCR aimed at integrating the refugee children into the Belarusian society

How is Belarus coping with recent migration flows from Ukraine? Are there any challenges?

The authorities are coping well, especially considering that it is an acute crisis, which was not expected. As of today, about 110,000 Ukrainians were provided with various types of residence permits in Belarus. This figure does not reflect authentic amount of Ukrainians who arrived in Belarus in 2014-February 2015 as, in reality, it is likely to be higher. It is a huge burden. It is, at the minimum, one additional percent to the Belarusian population. This is hard to neglect.

Belarusian president issued a very important decree in August of last year. It is Decree #420, which envisages the provision of special assistance to the people coming from Donetsk and Lugansk regions of Ukraine. The Decree facilitates some aspects of receipt of residence per-

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Ukraine, Syria and Afghanistan are major countries of origin of asylum-seekers in Belarus, with Ukrainians comprising the largest group applying for asylum. Among countries neighboring Ukraine, Belarus occupies the second place, after the Russian Federation, in the number of Ukrainian nationals arriving in the country mits, employment, medical certification and education for this group of people.

Of course, it was a very important step and a burden on Belarus concerning this kind of assistance.

In general, we can say that about 8090 percent of the Ukrainian population is coping well with their new life in Belarus. All in all, the situation is being well managed.

Are there any challenges?

Based on the results of the profiling that we conducted in December last year, we believe that between 10-20 percent, or 10-20 thousand, of the Ukrai­ nians could be vulnerable, meaning that they are in a difficult situation. Vulnerable groups include, for example, pensioners, who are not receiving pensions; women, who came alone with their small children; people with particular medical needs.

2015 беларусь.belarus

The UN and Belarus Only around 800 people have applied for asylum so far (2014-February 2015), which is very low percentage compared to some 110,000 Ukrainians who during the same period of time regularised they stay in the country in the other ways. So as to pensioners and medical services, if one has temporary status in Belarus, s/he is not entitled to receive a pension, to have medical treatment on a par with citizens and foreigners with permit for permanent residence. This is why we expect that this group of 10-20 thousand is a particular challenge for the coming months for the authorities and for UNHCR as well.

There is another category, which is also becoming a sensitive group — draftevaders. They are those who are — for various reasons — not willing to be enrolled in the army and/or to take part in the conflict. In certain circumstances asylum claims of such people may qualify for refugee status. We, as UNHCR, have to pay specific attention to these people in light of current situation in Ukraine.

And one more question about the cooperation between UNHCR and International Organisation for Migration (IOM). Can you please elaborate on the joint projects, joint initiatives, something that the organisations have in common and where their interests cross?

Due to the Ukrainian crisis, UNHCR and IOM have started to undertake joint field missions to meet with Ukrainian citizens. Because IOM is a project oriented organisation and we also have a memorandum of understanding between the two organisations, we are exploring the possibility to develop a common project where UNHCR and IOM will be able to ‘join’ their mandates — assistance to forced and ordinary migrants — and, in this way, provide effective response in terms of assistance to Ukrainians arriving in Belarus due to the crisis in their country.

In the coming weeks, we will write together a project proposal to develop some long-term solutions for the Ukrainians who came here. This is im-

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portant because, in the profiling of the Ukrainian nationals that we conducted, about half of the respondents said that they were planning to remain in Belarus for a long time.

People want to wait and see how the situation in Ukraine will evolve. As you may have also seen on television, there are a lot of buildings, houses which have been destroyed. It will take years to rebuild. So many Ukrainians will remain in Belarus. And therefore some of them, going back to vulnerable groups, may need assistance. This is why UNHCR and IOM would like to address this issue more comprehensively via implementing a joint project.

What about your recent visit to Vitebsk? You were visiting the city recently together with IOM. What was there?

In Vitebsk, we have a temporary accommodation centre. This is a house where asylum-seekers may reside freeof-charge if they are not able to accommodate themselves at their own expense.

The centre can accommodate about 30 people at once. Unfortunately, it is already overcrowded. We interviewed the people staying in temporary accommodation centres (TAC), as we call it.

We also visited Ukrainians residing in rural area and working for agricultural enterprise. We had the chance to see how they are living, how they are coping with the situation. We met some pensioners and some young families. The man from the younger family was working as miner in Ukraine. Now he is a farmer, so is his wife. I think it is a positive change.

The other family consisted of two elderly persons who are pensioners, and their two sons, both having jobs. As the woman was born in Belarus or has a close relative here, she was granted a permit for permanent residence, which allows her to apply for transfer of pension from Ukraine to Belarus. Her husband is going to apply for permanent residence permit and afterwards solve his pension issue as well.

We also met with a group of Ukrainians at the office of the Refugee Counsel-

ling Service — our project with the NGO Belarusian Movement of Medical Workers that I have mentioned earlier. We were discussing various issues, including access to medical treatment. There was a little girl who urgently needed glasses, so we provided money for the glasses on the spot. The other topics that came up were issues related to employment, accommodation, etc.

This type of facilities, are they located in each big city?

No, there are only three of them.

There is one in Brest, one in Vitebsk, and one in Gomel.

Is there a need to open more?

Yes, if we had more funds available, we would probably open one in Minsk.

But nowadays, no temporary accommodation centre operates in Grodno and Mogilev. First of all, there is a need because there are asylum-seekers in all the regions. Second, the policy of the authorities is to disseminate these people.

If they all arrive in Minsk, for example, they all cannot be concentrated there. So it is important to decentralise and put a shared burden on all the regions.

How do the Belarusians perceive refugees and asylum-seekers?

Unfortunately, there are no official recent data to answer this question. This is why, International Non-Governmental Association for Scientific Research, Information and Educational Programmes ‘Evolutio’, another UNHCR’s project partner, plans to conduct a study of the Belarusians’ perceptions of and attitudes to refugees and asylum-seekers this year.

But in general, what we have seen so far via TV shows or some articles in the press is that the Belarusians have been quite generous towards Ukrainian population. I have heard many stories when the Belarusians helped the Ukrainians.

When I am travelling in the regions, many Ukrainians say ‘Thanks to a Belarusian who gave me this or helped me to find a flat, or helped me to find a job’.

Overall there is no conflict due to the amount of people who came suddenly.

By Veniamin Mikheev

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FEATURE OF THE TIME

SIMPLE FORMULA,

Vadim Kondrashov

or at the scales of gender equality

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2015 беларусь.belarus

FEATURE OF THE TIME

Equal rights of men and women in society, family and artistic expression are common for modern Belarusian life

A

famous Russian poet and singersongwriter — Alexander Dolsky — has wonderful lines: ‘Accept your fate with pleasure and search for no other reasons; we’ve ruthlessly split into women and men…’ This difference — or genetic diversity — has always been a focus of people’s attention, since ancient times. It’s reflected in the world cultural monument — the Bible, as well as traditions of different cultures and nations, and numerous scientific studies conducted in the past and at present.

Really, this is an objective reality and its positive apprehension would be the best solution. One day in the future, people would forget that a gender stereotype on women’s secondary position in the society once existed; it would be pushed out of citizens’ consciousness. As a person need two hands to enjoy a fully-fledged existence, the society and family need two sexes. Moreover, as gender researchers believe, differences between men and women are spoken of much greater than they exist in reality.

According to the International Labour Organisation, over 46 percent of Belarusian top managers are women — an impressive fact, of course. In Gomel Region alone, women occupy 56 percent of all leading positions at enterprises and different organisations — including the sphere of industry, trade, education, health protection, culture and public servicing, as well as businesses and the agro-industrial sector. The local regional executive committee annually hosts a solemn reception on the eve of the International Women’s Day; this year, it attracted women with many children

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and veterans of the Great Patriotic War — among other guests. Mayor Vladimir Dvornik was attending the ceremony.

He thanked women for their contribution to the region’s social-economic development. “You are directing your natural capabilities along the necessary stream, achieving great results. At present, we have quite a few women who occupy leading positions in the executive authority structures, business and military and police agencies. 70 percent of women head structural subdivisions of city and district executive committees

latter was approved by the Council of Ministers in August 1996. At that time, the formation of a national mechanism — which realises the state women-related policy — was virtually completed and the National Council on Gender Policy (at Belarus’ Council of Ministers) has become one of its elements.

The National Council on Gender Policy was established in 2000 and is now a coordinating body aimed to implement a state policy of gender equality.

It unites representatives of state structures and women’s non-governmental

The National Council on Gender Policy was established in 2000 and is now a coordinating body aimed to implement a state policy of gender equality and 56 percent of all plant and company heads are women,” he said.

The policy of gender equality was launched in Belarus in 1995 when a Belarusian delegation took part in Beijing’s Fourth World Conference on Women.

A global obligation was then adopted: to universally expand rights and possibilities of women; the Beijing Declaration and the Beijing Platform of Action were then adopted. Since then, certain steps were made to realise the documents’ provisions. In June 1996, a national plan of action to improve women’s rights for the period of 1996-2000 was adopted and its ideas were then developed and improved in a Republican programme: Women of the Republic of Belarus; the

organisations, in addition to scientists.

The necessity to set up the Council — which boasts a higher status and greater authorities in comparison to some agencies and ministries — had its reason: the world community views improvement of women’s position as the first step in achieving gender equity.

In 1997, the programme of state support of small entrepreneurship in Belarus was supplemented with measures to support female entrepreneurship and, in 1998, a Presidential decree approved the major avenues of the state family policy; the latter outlined measures to enhance economic independence of families and women. In addition, a document of the Council of Europe — Complex Ap-

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FEATURE OF THE TIME count for women and, in the Government, women head the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection, the Information Ministry and the National Statistical Committee. In December 2014, the former chair of the Novopolotsk City Executive Committee — Natalia Kochanova — occupied the post of the Deputy Prime Minister (becoming the first woman on this position in the Belarusian history).

Home duties

proach to Problem and Men’s and Women’s Equality — was adopted in 1998 to become an important international guide to develop state programmes and laws to achieve gender equality.

At present, a national plan of action to improve women’s rights for the period of 2008-2010 is being implemented in Belarus. It was approved by the Belarusian Government in September 2008 to become the third programme document in the field of practical realisation of the gender policy (following the national plans for 1996-2000 and 20012005). The new document envisages different measures to further develop and improve laws and regulations, protect motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, not admit discrimination in employment and women’s real participation in management, in addition to some new advanced and efficient measures. A system of measures has been developed to enhance competitiveness of women on the labour market, to help in their employment via organisation of specialised fairs, training entrepreneurial activity and creation of conditions for women’s enhancement of qualification and retraining after their return to jobs (after a three-year maternity leave). Attention is paid to the issues of improvement of legislation aimed to prevent home violence and protect its victims, in addition to the

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problems of non-admission of sex discrimination and creation of conditions ensuring a fully-fledged realisation of men’s and women’s personal potential in all fields of activity.

Interestingly, Belarusian women enjoy a higher level of education in comparison to men: 55 percent of employed women and 38 percent of men have diplomas on higher education. Among those involved into the country’s economy, women with higher education account for 26.9 percent (20.2 percent for men). Among those registered as unemployed for over a year, there are 37.6 percent of women. Meanwhile, women account for almost 54 percent of all employed citizens of the country: 43.7 percent in the industrial sphere, 68.1 percent in the office structures, 46.5 percent of managerial staff and 74.2 percent of diverse specialists.

Revenue In 2013, the ratio women’s nominal monthly salaries against men’s stood at 74.5 percent.

Participation in politics and decision making Belarus is among 27 countries of the world which have achieved a target figure of women’s participation in decision making: 29.5 percent of parliamentarians ac-

According to statistics, men have on average 40 minutes of spare time on a working day, while women have 28 minutes. Men spend 2 hours and 12 minutes on reading newspapers and magazines, watching TV and surfing Internet, while women spend just one hour and 9 minutes. In addition, men sleep 8 hours 27 minutes a day and women — 8 hours 2 minutes.

Birthrate According to Belarus’ National Statistical Committee, in recent years, 106107 boys are born against 100 girls, with the number of men younger than 30 is higher than women. However, owing to migration processes and higher mortality figures among men, women prevail starting from 30 year old.

More and less On average, there are around 1,150 women per 1,000 men in the country: 1,167 in cities and towns and 1,095 in villages. According to the preliminary data, as of January 1st, 2015, there were 5,072,000 women in Belarus (53.5 percent of the total population): 77.8 percent of them lived in cities and towns and 22.2 percent — in villages.

As of early 2014, an average age of Belarusian women made 42.3: 47.5 among villagers and 40.8 among urbanites.

According to the UNDP, five years is considered to be a natural difference in the expected lifetime of men and women. In Belarus, this figure is more than two times more during the recent two decades: 10-12 years.

Based on materials of Republican mass media

2015 беларусь.belarus

B

elkoopvneshtorg Belkoopsoyuza is one of Belarus’ largest wholesale enterprises, servicing a thousand trade enterprises within a consumer co-operation network. Its operations include the import of essential goods and the export of Belarusian manufacturing, as well as wholesale and retail trade, cargo transportation, public catering, and the production and sale of items made from natural fur.

Enterprise Director Vladimir Zabrodsky tells us more:

behalf of all enterprises within our network, exporting their goods, without exception. We were established as a wholesale and logistics centre, with the major task of supplying high quality food and non-food products at competitive prices, as well as essential imports and goods which aren’t produced in sufficient quality in the Republic. This is a priority across all areas of our work, including regarding foreign economic activity. As far as medium and small-sized businesses are concerned, we’re open to co-operation and try to offer attractive partnership terms.

UNP 100095087

Belkoopvneshtorg Belkoopsoyuza — a team of professionals With which countries has your enterprise set up partnership relations and how has this influenced consumer co-operation?

Our geography of partnerships is certainly wide.

Our company has long liaised with major manufacturers in Asian and European countries, supplying shops with a large range of high quality goods, at affordable prices. Specialists of the enterprise are always studying domestic and external markets, to stay abreast of changing trends and demand. Direct collaboration with manufacturers brings many advantages: working within a certain price, supplying ranges popular with Belarusian buyers, and guaranteeing quality and flexible working conditions.

Belkoopvneshtorg Belkoopsoyuza partners wholesale suppliers in Russia, Ecuador, Turkey, Greece, Moldova, the Netherlands, Vietnam, China and elsewhere, acquiring a wide range of food and non-food products at competitive prices, due to economies of scale.

What are the enterprise’s priorities regarding foreign trade and how far do you work with medium and small-sized businesses, and the real sector, to expand your range of goods?

Our major goal is to achieve a positive foreign trade balance. Belkoopvneshtorg Belkoopsoyuza is the only wholesaler to import consumer goods, and we act on

Which business proposals from new foreign partners would you primarily consider?

Several criteria determine our collaboration: the quality of goods, competitive prices and beneficial work conditions.

In your opinion, which Belarusian goods are yet to gain true recognition in the CIS and beyond?

Belarusian goods have gained in popularity across neighbouring states, due to their quality.

We’re working on promotion and now need to enhance our image abroad, including through advertising. The latter brings a new sale, but this can only be sustained if the quality is good. We’re confident that Belarusian produce won’t disappoint in this respect, so we just need to become better known among foreign buyers.

Belkoopvneshtorg Belkoopsoyuza Trade Unitary Enterprise 62-215 Babushkina Street Minsk, Republic of Belarus Tel.: (+37517) 367 90 51 E-mail: belkoopvneshtorg@mail.ru

www.bkvt.by

PROFESSIONALS

In the mirror of the modernity

Vadim Kondrashov

Early May is a busy time for journalists in Belarus since May 1st is the Day of Work and May 5th is the Day of the Press. This is followed by May 7th, the Day of Radio and Television Workers, and, of course, by May 9th: Victory Day. This abundance of holidays includes two professional holidays.

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W

e all love to celebrate but, naturally, when the country relaxes and enjoys festivities, the writing and broadcasting brotherhood heads to the street, to record all the action! On May 1st and 9th, they provide coverage of events and, on May 5th and 7th, they write reportage on colleagues’ successes. Among the professional awards presented are the ‘Golden Letter’ (a figurine) and the ‘Golden Pen’ (a medal): traditionally given to those with best service to the Ministry of Information and the Belarusian Union of Journalists. Many have won these symbols of success but recognition is far from being the primary driving force in their professional life.

Those who hold pens and microphones tend to do so because they feel an inner compulsion: it is their vocation. Moreover, most felt their calling from an early age, being eager to share their observations, and open the eyes of others to that which often falls beneath our consciousness. People the world over still rely on newspapers and television and radio broadcasting to learn about current events. Journalists hold a responsibility in how they present their facts: through the written and spoken word and photographs. Meanwhile, our Belarusian reporters pave the way for the wider world to learn about our country.

Let’s meet some of today’s chroniclers.

2015 беларусь.belarus

Alexander Ruzhechka

PROFESSIONALS Olga Sakharova believes that there is special Minsk character: “We are very friendly, and tourists always notice it. If somebody approaches us and asks how to get somewhere, we will always explain the way in details or can even lead a person there. For me Minsk is a comfortable house where I want to return, a city for soul.”

Oleg Lukashevich: beauty hunter Oleg has a ‘nose’ for what will interest his viewers and draw audiences. He became famous thanks to his series devoted to tracing natives of Belarus abroad: Marc Chagall in France, Ignacy Domeyko in Chile, and Stanisław August Poniatowski in Poland — among others. Oleg has travelled the world, showing Belarusians where their famous countrymen have stepped.

Lukashevich always sets high standards for himself creatively, wishing to be both original and engaging: on TV and in his books. His travels across Belarus brought forth his Heritage of Belarus (co-authored with Alexander Alexeev). Its photographs of architectural icons are arresting, showing Oleg’s skill behind the camera. Editions now grace the shelves of the world’s top libraries: from that of the British Queen to the shelves of the Pope. Bookshops regularly recommend its purchase to those seeking a souvenir of their visit to the country: perhaps the highest acclaim.

Mr. Lukashevich is attracted by all that is beautiful: history, culture, outstanding personalities and architectural masterpieces. Moreover, he brings them to life on screen and on the glossy pages of his albums, reaching beyond the scope of journalism to become a diplomat for Belarus worldwide, showing its best side.

Olga Sakharova is Director of Art Programmes for ST V T V Channel and the presenter of ‘Minsk and Minsk residents’: a popular, 10-year-strong programme offering a guide to the capital. The job has allowed her to travel far and wide, learning much about the city. Those who watch her show can also call themselves ‘experts’ — regardless of the place from where they originate!

She admits proudly that was born in the capital, although her family was living in Syktyvkar, the capital of Komi, where her father was employed. It happened so that her mother decided to visit relatives in Minsk and, almost immediately, went into labour.

Olga is dedicated to providing an educational service and welcomes feedback from Minsk residents very much. Her stories involve local authorities and residents, with the aim of solving problems. She sees her programme as ‘an interactive platform’, allowing the public to ‘express their wishes about the city’s future’. She invites authorities to appear live on television, answering probing questions on their work, and is known for pushing for honest answers.

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Oleg Lukashevich became the first Belarusian journalist accredited at the Cannes International Film Festival in May 1996. He interviewed a lot of classics of the world cinema, among them: Peter Greenaway, Wim Wenders, Paul Verhoeven, Krzysztof Zanussi, Takeshi Kitano, Catherine Breillat, Nikita Mikhalkov, Pedro Almodovar, Ken Loach, Andrzej Wajda, Alexander Sokurov.

Alexander Ruzhechka

Olga Sakharova: an expert guide of Minsk

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Vitaliy Gil

PROFESSIONALS Olga Makey is ready to risk her life for a good story: “We were shooting a story on safety at the stations. Exactly at that time a passage at the railway station was closed off, the people were being evacuated.

The militiamen advised us: go away from here.

But I decided to stay.

The mine deactivating group with dogs came at once, a robot was set off.. There were no other journalists there. Finally it turned out that there was garbage in the box...”

Ales Karlyukevich: fisherman of literary coast On entering the room of Ales Karlyukevich, the editor-in-chief and director of Zvyazda Publishing House and Zvyazda newspaper, you cannot help but notice the piles of books, magazines and newspapers. This is not only the produce of the Zvyazda Publishing House.

Mr. Karlyukevich takes time to read everything published about Belarus (domestically and abroad). Despite being lack of time — as director and editor has to focus more on economic, rather than creative, issues — he writes reviews of books across various genres.

While many toss aimlessly on the sea of literature, Ales orients towards all writing on Belarus, which he uses to inform his own analytical research. His books are enjoyed by thousands of all ages, since his talents extend to writing for children.

Meanwhile, Mr. Karlyukevich, as a publisher, is always searching for writing worthy of appearing in Zvyazda, being keen to share such insight with its large readership. As a professional journalist, he is keen to ‘catch’ only the best information product in order to be the first to bring it to thousands of readers.

Olga Makey: seeking out the facts

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Ales Karlyukevich heads not just a newspaper and a publishing house: ‘Zvyazda’ is a legendary brand of Belarusian journalism, existing since 1917.

Alexander Ruzhechka

Olga Sakharova once dreamt of being an air stewardess while her TV colleague, Olga Makey is a regular air traveller, reporting on interstate negotiations from various corners of the planet.

Several years ago, she received a prestigious Televershina Award for the ‘best reporter’, having reported on the arrival of the first tanker of Venezuelan oil for Belarus at Odessa port, scooping the story before her media ‘competitors’.

She began by shooting light-hearted stories, before moving to serious themes. She admits that her love of her job makes it hard to switch off, even when she’s on holiday. She thrives on ‘living on the edge’, emphasising that she loves the thrill of improvising in unexpected situations. “I’ll do anything for an ‘exclusive’, she smiles.

As a child, she became adept at show jumping, which may be the source of her boldness, since injuries were inevitable. She was named the national vice-champion, travelling 35km daily to train, near Molodechno. “I hitchhiked, can you imagine! I told my mother that I caught the bus, but it only went once a day and not at a convenient time!”

There appear to be no limits to what she can achieve, which is a great advantage in journalism. Besides determination, she boasts a real presence on camera. As the professionals say, ‘the camera loves her’. To become successful on screen, it seems that this is essential, no matter your other talents...

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PROFESSIONALS From 2005 to 2008 Tatiana Sivets was a postgraduate student of the Institute of Literature named after Y. Kolas and Y. Kupala of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, where she studied topic ‘George G. Byron and Byronism in Belarusian poetry: translations and influences’

Konstantin Yumanov: voice of the people

Yuri Mozolevsky

Mr. Yumanov is known for presenting corporate events, for his radio DJ-ing and for his hosting of popular TV-programme Belarusian Vremechko. Always cheerful, clever and witty, he is endlessly engaging: it’s a rare combination.

As a TV reporter, he communicates directly with the public, drawing many to phone in with their concerns and anxieties.

Unswervingly, he offers wise advice helping people to solve their problems.

He tells us, “On first appearing live in 1998, I never imagined connecting my entire life with radio and television. Twists and turns of personal advancement and continuous searches made me work with various radio stations and TV channels, enabling me to learn much and gain valuable experience; it shaped me creatively and nurtured strong friendly relationships. Also, I met my true love here, with whom I have a son. Work is my second home.”

Tatiana Sivets: a poetess on air

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Konstantin Yumanov was at some period of time a host of ‘Devourers of kilometers’— the real auto races, illustrated on air.

Alexander Ruzhechka

Tatiana must be the envy of many, being a rare breed: a poetess on television. She even hosts her own programme: the result of both talent and luck. However, she does more than indulge in rhyme, interviewing creative figures and drawing out their ‘secrets’, like any classical journalist.

Encouraging frank discussion on camera is a real art, since artistic people tend to be guarded in revealing their soul to the world.

They are expressive only in their creativity. Ms. Sivets’ ability to get inside the psyche of literary and artistic figures is unrivalled. No doubt, her experience as editor-in-chief of Litaratura i Mastatstva (Literature and Art) newspaper is of great use: it is there that the names of future literary figures are born. Published since the 1930s, it has been a platform for many wellknown Belarusian writers. Tatiana separates the wheat from the chaff. Achieving the role of editor is the epitome of any journalist’s career, as well as being a huge responsibility. God forbid that you miss out on identifying real talent.

So far, Ms. Sivets’ radar has proven accurate.

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Alexander Ruzhechka

PROFESSIONALS one’s thoughts. Moreover, Ms. Rublevskaya’s ideas are met with much appreciation. Hot off the press, and in their bindings, her editions are an attraction in every bookshop.

I know of no other journalist or writer in modern Belarus with as much energy as Ms. Rublevskaya.

Lyudmila Rublevskaya didn’t come to literature at once. In 1984 she graduated from Minsk State Architectural-Civil engineering College.

She worked at the development laboratory of ‘Horizont’ manufacturing group as a technician-architect.

In 1986-1987 studied at the Literature Institute in Moscow, at the faculty of poetry. Her way to literature began since that time.

Tatiana Sulimova: the power of the weaker sex For many years, I knew Tatiana only by her voice: as a star of a Minsk broadcasting station. She was the voice of her age: at the turn of the millennium. It was always a joy to listen to Ms. Sulimova. Now, I read her ‘women’s issues’ column in Sovetskaya Belorussiya, where she explores the lives of modern women, looking at their opportunities, and obstacles to their success — in Belarus and abroad. She writes knowing that women will understand her words and heed her advice, which is empowering, uplifting and inspiring.

Men can also benefit from perusing her articles, which offer insight into the condition of women today. The ‘confessional’ tone offers men understanding such as they may never gain otherwise, of their wife, mother or girlfriend, helping them appreciate the workings of the female mind. Ms. Sulimova is always frank in her declarations. It is the secret of her success, as a radio journalist and newspaper columnist.

Lyudmila Rublevskaya used to work for Litaratura i Mastatstva but, since 2002, has written a literary column for Sovestkaya Belorussiya: the country’s leading paper, with a circulation of 400,000. Each week, she shares her opinions on ‘must-reads’ — by Belarusian and international authors. She notes that readers aren’t backwards in sending letters of complaint if they disagree with her recommendations. However, Lyudmila’s tastes tend to be in line with the majority and her messages include letters of thanks, as well as requests from debut authors, wishing to receive a review. Her fellow critics tend to revere her literary judgements too.

In fact, Lyudmila has written several fascinating novels herself, exploring Belarusian historical themes: copies of her books tend to sell out quickly when they hit the shops. She also sets stories in contemporary times. It’s a wonder that she has enough hours a day for all her interests and occupations, writing thick volumes of adventure stories. She admits that she writes tirelessly in the evenings, after her working day is done. Surely, this is a sign of the ‘real writer’: the compelling urge to express

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Tatiana Sulimova can enchant both by the voice and the turn of phrase.

Artur Prupas

Lyudmila Rublevskaya: day and night at her writing table

2015 беларусь.belarus

Alexander Ruzhechka

FIgures and facts

Ivan Podrez: a gentleman, in a word One of Mr. Podrez’s most recent projects was a polished TV programme about rock stars. Produced here in Belarus, it was worthy of gracing any channel worldwide. I’m proud of knowing him: as a musician and as a presenter. His style is unlike any other. His outstanding personality illuminates the screen, with charm and intelligence. There is no trace of the vulgarity common online. In a word, he is a gentleman; he is a true Belarusian.

When I hear that Belarus lacks interesting journalists, it makes me angry, since it’s simply not accurate. An objective reading of our newspapers tells another story: as does the watching of our television, or listening to our radio.

Those who criticise our media tend to idealise foreign sources. I can easily name ten professional reporters and presenters in Belarus, and there are many more. Give it some thought and you’ll think of names of your own. It’s easy to expand the list. In modesty, we’ll remain quiet in praising those who write for our own magazine. I ask only that you keep your mind open to what you read, watch and listen to over coming weeks. As they say, knowledge is power. Our journalists continue to work tirelessly to bring you facts and considered opinions, not only on Belarus but the wider world.

Ivan Podrez, entering musical school at the age of 5, said that he wants to play the guitar like Vysotsky.

But he studied piano there. He mastered the guitar already at the conscious age. Since that time music in this or that form takes practically all his free time. In 2004, already having experience of work on television, he graduated from the linguistic university.

 Holidaymakers have their favourites Last year Belarusian tourists holidayed most often in Russia, Bulgaria and Greece

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gypt, Spain, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Turkey and the Czech Republic all entered the top 10 favourite holiday destinations for Belarusians. The National Statistical Committee noted that more than 80 percent of Belarusians who went abroad as package tourists, chose these countries for their holidays.

In 2014, the number of tourists travelling abroad from Belarus increased by 4.5 percent to 740,500 people. 80,000 visited the CIS states, 37 percent compared to the level of 2013; 660,000 people (33 percent more than in 2013) visited the non-CIS countries.

The number of tourists who visited Belarus in organised tour groups in 2014 increased in comparison with 2013 by 0.5 percent, to 137,400 people. 116,000 people came from the CIS states. Russia kept the leading position among the CIS states on these organised tours, a total of 113,000 visitors. Among the non-CIS countries, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Great Britain and Turkey led the table on numbers of visitors. In 2014 approximately half the tourists from the non-CIS countries came from these places.

 Grooms and brides grow up Yelena Kukharevich, Deputy Chairman of the National Statistical Committee, announces that average age of marriage is rising

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he average age for women entering their first marriage is now 25.3 years, with their second at the age of 37.6 years.

Meanwhile, men, on average, first marry at the age of 27.4 years and begin their next marriage at the age of 40.6 years.

In 2014, the Republic registered 84,000 marriages: 3,200 less than in 2013. A quarter of all marriages are between men aged 24-26 years and women of 22-24 years.

Furthermore, in 92 percent of marriages both parties are residents of Belarus.

By Viktar Korbut

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23

Alexander Ruzhechka

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR CONVENIENCE

The basic advantage of preliminary electronic declaration for citizens is that it reduces time spent on customs formalities at the state border

Border regime meeting new rules By relieving queues at the border, Belarus aims to encourage its position as a transit route for cargo and individual travellers

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arious measures have already been implemented, such as enterprises’ pre-declaration of goods to customs. Now, citizens may provide advance information of their journey online, declaring goods to be transported in their luggage. Varshavsky most checkpoint (Warsaw bridge) is trialling the move, through until September 1st this year.

Brest customs press service tells us, “The basic advantage of preliminary electronic declaration for citizens is that it reduces time spent on customs formalities at the state border (concerning movement of goods for personal use).” A form is available for completion online, accessible even via smartphone (although it works best with such browsers as Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox).

From the website of the customs committee, users should choose the section entitled 'Electronic preliminary declara-

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tion of goods for personal use'. Registration in the system must be conducted at least two hours prior to arrival at the border. Users can complete the form either in Russian or in English, and each receives a unique identification number of preliminary notice (UINP). On arrival at the checkpoint, citizens only need to show their goods or declared vehicle, and their UINP. If the goods being transported match those declared, it should take no more than 15 minutes to pass through. Of course, incorrectly filled declarations are void, with preliminary electronic declaration required to match that of the passenger customs declaration.

From March 10th, the State Customs Committee changed its approach to imported goods for private use, allowing citizens to import equipment for their kitchen, bathroom and lavatory once every three years, without duties. The same rule applies to the purchase of telephones, prams (depending on the age of a child), air-conditioners, motors for boats and various other goods: 35 in number. The list is available to view online, alongside information on items allowed importation once every two years: including up to four motorcycles without a sidecar. Moreover, the ‘two year rule’ applies to summer and winter tyres (enough for each vehicle owned). Citizens only need to show documents to prove possession of the vehicle in their homeland.

By Maria Dronova

2015 беларусь.belarus

ECONOMIC OUTLOOKS

Small grains for large loaf Over a relatively short time, Belarus has secured food security, while achieving $5bln of agricultural exports

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elarusian products are much appreciated in Russia, Kazakhstan and elsewhere, yet challenges remain, notes Alexander Shpak, the Director of the National Academy of Sciences’ Institute of System Research in the Agroindustrial Complex.

There are certainly prospects for Belarusian rural development and, despite the difficulties associated with a transitory period, Belarus has preserved its large-scale agro-industrial production. This is enabling the country to widely and efficiently introduce the latest scientific and technical achievements, improving competitiveness and increasing food exports annually. Meanwhile, the creation of a large-scale network of agro-towns, with developed infrastructure, is encouraging people to remain resident in villages. The quality of rural life is continuously enhancing.

Despite evident successes, Belarus’ agrarian sector lags behind that of leading European countries, in efficiency and labour productivity.

There are several reasons for this: for many years, purchase prices were low and loans expensive, with just a quarter of state support for the agricultural complex going directly to economic entities. Their multi-functionality (‘inherited’ from the Soviet times) is not always the most economically feasible method of organisation, with most thriving rather when they concentrate on a niche. Only the most advanced farms tend to successfully combine different aspects of work.

Those which are loss-making need to concentrate on their strongest area, modernising relevant equipment and ensuring quality.

Is there a market for increased agro-industrial production?

Demand and prices globally are on the rise, as the Earth’s population is increasing at a greater rate than food production (1.4 percent annually against just 0.9 percent for food). The latest UN Food and Agriculture Organisation studies advise raising food production by 60 percent by 2050 — to meet the needs of the planet’s 9 billion inhabitants.

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In fact, production is only half of the battle, since global competition is acute and prices must remain competitive. The Belarusian agrarian sector primarily comprises large associations and holdings, producing and processing raw materials.

These include agro-companies, farms and branded trade and are a strategic avenue of Belarusian agrarian policy.

However, medium-sized and small agrarian businesses should be encouraged, since they are better able to adjust, allowing them to respond to changing trends without significant financial investment. They can embrace niche areas, such as animal breeding, beekeeping, sheep, and production of goats’ milk, mushrooms and grapevine snails. Agro-tourism is also up and coming, usually involving a degree of smallholding agricultural production.

We’d love to see more family farms, preserving our national cultural traditions and the ethos of a healthy rural lifestyle, in addition to prosperous agro-towns and major companies.

By Yevgeny Pimenov

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SCIENCE

Satellite Odyssey continues

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ike the first satellite launched into space in 2012, the second will become part of the Russian-Belarusian space alignment and general system of remote Earth sensing.

Created with the help from the National Academy of Sciences (funded by Union State programmes) the Standardisation-SG project aims to develop uniform requirements and rules for processes and for the standard technical documentation of space machinery. The programme was fully completed last December, with 69 standards developed: 29 by Belarus and 40 by Russia.

“The major problem has been solved,” asserts the Deputy Director of Geoinformation Systems, Boris Chernukha. “General regulations have been agreed to considerably facilitate the work of scientists and experts.” The project has used Rus-

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Belta

New national space programme developed in Belarus to send second Belarusian satellite into orbit sian and European space standards (ЕСSS) and those of NASA as its foundation. Uniform standards are vital in guiding all elements of space technologies and Russian and Belarus already use them. The Belarusian national satellite communication system is part of the ExoMars joint programme, being realised by the

Another Union programme, entitled Monitoring SG, is connected with creating space machinery and related special equipment. The programme ordered by the Russian Federal Space Agency and the National Academy of Sciences was adopted in 2013 and is calculated for five years, costing about 2.5 billion Russian Roubles.

Space programmes afford an opportunity to forecast weather more precisely, to predict natural calamities, to warn fire and to improve navigation European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), to develop software for the remote sensing of the Earth, (via the S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia). Naturally, an integrated system of standards is required.

Executive Director Sergey Korenyako, the Head of the Department for Joint Space and Information Technologies Programmes, at the United Institute of Informatics Problems (UIIP), notes that a key task is the creation of import-substituting technologies. Although the programme has been op-

2015 беларусь.belarus

SCIENCE

New medicines for old illnesses Today the manufacture of medicines is amongst the top-five of the most profitable branches of the world economy. It is said that the pharmaceutical industry has perfected the art of transforming milligrams into billions. However, welldeveloped pharmaceuticals are not only highly profitable but also a powerful factor in the health of the nation.

W erational for less than two years, results are already evident. For example, hyperspectral equipment for satellites has been created with no analogue in either Belarus or Russia. Basic components are being created at enterprises in both our countries, with meteor protection satellites created at the A.V. Lykov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

Its information technologies allow great volumes of data to be transferred from satellites, without time delay.

B el ar us’ nat iona l sp ace pro gramme, including its successful launch of a Belarusian satellite and the creation of an effective system of remote sensing, facilitated its full membership of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Use of Outer Space (COPUOS) in 2012.

Within Union programmes, satellites are used to forecast weather, predict natural calamities, warn of fire and improve navigation.

By German Moskalenko

беларусь.belarus 2015

orldwide there are about 6,500 medical preparations.

Our industry produces approximately 1,500 of these.

The question remains as to whether we are able to increase this amount and what reserves are available for more aggressive development in the field.

The development of health services and the promotion of general health has always been one of the priorities of state policy. For this purpose, medical institutions have been modernised and equipped with the most up-to-date equipment, experts have learnt to do the most complex surgery.

The manufacture of Belarusian medicines has increased; our country’s expenditure on medicines per capita totals approximately $113. About 70 percent of this sum is spent on imported preparations. Moreover, the number has increased in recent years while the share of Belarusian medicines in the home market is just over a third, according to last year’s results. At a recent conference Alexander Lukashenko reminded the Ministry of Health that they have the task of increasing this figure to 50 percent during the coming year, “It is a question of national safety,” he stressed, “We should provide the population with affordable

and high-quality preparations." On the other hand, it is important to protect the market from penetration by fake medicines, which are a serious danger to health. Crucially, domestic pharmaceuticals must be secured against such threats. Accordingly, our pharmaceutical enterprises are constantly modernised and new manufacturing processes are adopted. New production plants in Minsk and Lida are under construction.

One of our main problems is the importing of several medicines of the same type as those produced in Belarus. There are several issues surrounding this, and one of them concerns the popular prejudice that Belarusian medicines are inferior in quality to their foreign counterparts. Health Minister Vasily Zharko has the opposite opinion, “Our medicines are identical to foreign medicines.

Their composition is the same and the additives are identical. Their efficiency is also proven. No medical product can be registered if it does not correspond to its imported analogue or original preparation. An important consideration is the cost. The average price of domestic packing is $1.36, while imported products are $4.72. If the effect is identical, while the difference in price is significant, why would one want to pay more?

The introduction of a uniform market for medical products in the Eurasian Economic Union next year will be a powerful advantage for our exporters.

Uniform rules of registration and certification of preparations will considerably simplify entry to foreign markets.

By Oleg Krotov

27

TO THE 70TH ANNIVERASRY OF VICTORY

Suvorov on ‘Harley’ Veteran from Ural Region names himself as dashing heromotorcyclist depicted in Minsk on July 3rd, 1944 canvas

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e k a t e r i n b u r g ’s Dmit r y Suvorov stormed into history on his 'Harley'. Of course, Harley-Davidson motorbikes have featured in many devil-may-care films, but the war history of Red Army motorcyclist Dmitry leaves all American action films in the dust. The Great Patriotic War veteran is immortalised in Valentin Volkov’s Minsk on July 3rd, 1944: the well-known monumental canvas.

However, it was only recently that Dmitry publically admitted that the picture had been inspired by his own actions.

The symbol of victory for Minsk residents tells us, “I was a signaller and a scout, accompanying the first column of Soviet tanks as it arrived in Minsk, on my motorbike. I still remember the dawn of July 3rd, as the partisans led our brigade into the suburbs. From a small hill, you could see the city shrouded in smoke. The sun rose and the mist lifted as we went forward. I felt ‘as one’ with my motorcycle, seizing the handlebars and driving through gunfire, as the tanks roared right behind me.

I rushed through the streets like a fiend, communicating with our divisions. When we reached the centre, women came up with flowers, as did children. We were all shouting ‘hooray!’ and rejoicing.”

Dmitry Nikolaevich Suvorov never became a cool rocker

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2015 беларусь.belarus

TO THE 70TH ANNIVERASRY OF VICTORY The Ural veteran assumes that artist Valentin Volkov was an eyewitness, as he lived in Minsk during its German occupation and saw the liberation of the city.

Unsurprisingly, the Day of Victory made a lasting impression, inspiring Volkov to record those events on a canvas 5.5m x 3m, in the post-war years. In fact, the picture took ten years to complete, only going on show in 1955, at the 10-day Festival of Belarusian Art in Moscow.

During fighting for the city, the artist would not have asked for the surnames of liberators, although he probably made sketches. Even photographers from the Front could not keep pace with every aspect of the attack, although some liberators’ surnames are known. In particular, Commander Dmitry Frolikov’s Т-34 led the offensive operation, winning him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Minsk streets still bear the names of his crew.

Dmitry tells us, “I was in front of Frolikov’s tank brigade, on my motorcycle, providing communication and reconnaissance.

Sadly, all others present are now dead.”

Dmitry has no wish for fame in the annals of history, recalling the words of Tvardovsky that people went to fight ‘not for the sake of glory, but for the sake of life on Earth’. This is an unshakable truth for the veteran, although the picturesque canvas illuminates vivid memories. He admits, “If I close my eyes, I am back in my tankman overalls, wearing a dusty helmet, seizing my motorcycle handlebars, ready to rush forward, surrounded by enthusiasm.”

Pointing at an illustration in a book entitled The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, he is clearly moved. It was in this very book that Suvorov first saw the picture, in 1965, in a shop in Lvov, where he was serving as an officer. He told his wife about the picture, but thought nothing more of it, having everyday concerns to focus upon and a modest nature. He certainly made no move to seek out Volkov or his relatives.

Decades passed, he retired as a colonel, and moved with his family to the Urals.

Only now, aged 88, and writing his memoirs, has he mentioned his part in the liberation, and how he inspired the

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legendary painting. Former Red Army man Suvorov has private documents to prove his words: his Red Army book, identification card and award orders, as well as citations from the memoirs of well-known commanders long included in the history of the Great Patriotic War, as having set out Operation Bagration.

He shows me his pile of books: the proofs one by one. Despite all this, he retains a sense of humility, confessing that, aged 18, he felt himself to be nothing more than a rural resident of Kostroma Region, who had spent just a few months at the Front. He calls himself ‘a grain of sand in the field of war’. Of course, that

they were used by the Soviets and Germans during those war years. Only a few American 'Harleys' were in operation, presented on ‘lease’.

Dmitry received a disassembled ‘Harley-Davidson’ a few hours prior to departing for the Front, spending all night putting it together. It was his first experience with a foreign vehicle but only the steering presented him with difficulty. His senior companions helped him, and his ‘Harley’ then carried him across all Europe. He returned it on the eve of May 9th, 1945.

“I received an instruction from headquarters to return to tank school, to study,

Dmitry Suvorov was given award “For Courage” for helping liberate Belarus.

He was also bestowed with the rank of guardian, of which he is proud very much ‘grain of sand’ was brought to the very crest of the offensive.

The wise veteran is convinced that the true glory lies not in who came first or who was noticed but in having endured, and survived. With his ‘Harley’, Red Amy man Suvorov found himself in a particular situation: one that has inspired not only paintings but films.

Alone, he rushed into villages occupied

by Germans, captured rivals, and became stuck in the Belarusian marshes (needing to be pulled out by tank). His medals offer proof of his bravery, including his award ‘For Courage’ — given for helping liberate Belarus. He was also bestowed with the rank of guardian, of which he is proud. The Order of the Red Star and a medal ‘For Seizing Königsberg’ additionally crown his collection.

Suvorov was inseparable from his 'Harley' until May 9th so it’s a pity his 'iron friend' wasn’t immortalised on canvas for Volkov’s work of this date, rather than the German Zundappin motorcycle: perhaps it was a model with which the artist had more familiarity, since

so I had to give back my motorcycle and weapons. The next morning, Victory was declared! I was just a boy, so it was a pity that I had nothing with which to express my happiness. I could not give a signal, or offer a gun salute from my automatic rifle!” Dmitry recollects with laughter.

Having studied heavy tank machinery, Dmitry Suvorov never again rode a motorcycle. He certainly didn’t become a cool rocker. Neither did he ever return to Minsk, having no opportunity to see the restored capital of Belarus during the Soviet times. When he retired, health prevented him from doing so, but he regrets failing to seek out the partisans who guided the tank brigade into the city suburb so poorly defended by the Germans. The group last met on July 3rd, in a private Minsk garden, to celebrate the liberation of the city. Dmitry’s recall of their full names, and the address of that blossoming garden, is no longer within his grasp. However, his chain of youthful, fighting memories remains intact, flying at the speed of a ‘Harley’.

By Svetlana Dobrynina

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Close bonds

‘Return to parental home...’

Resettled Belarusians and Ukrainians live in peace and friendship in Vilcha, in the Kharkov Region, but never forget their motherland

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ast year, in the 4th issue of our magazine, we wrote about the resettlement of residents from Polesie area of Kiev Region between 1992 and 1994.

Moved to Kharkov Region of Ukraine following the Chernobyl nuclear accident of 1986, their new town of Vilcha was built quickly in an open area, 6km from the district centre of Volchansk. Among those settled were people of Belarus, who could move freely in Soviet times, to study or work in the neighbouring republic.

In those years, thousands of Belarusian-Ukrainian families merged. Of course, recently, tens of thousands of Ukrainians from the conflict zone have moved to Belarus: as of February 2014, more than 50,000 people. Those choosing Belarus often have relatives here; some with long held family ties.

Vilcha and Volcha Let's return to Kharkov Region’s Vilcha, built for settlers from Chernobyl.

Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, 800 cottages had been planned, but only 400 had been built before all work came to a halt. Vilcha and Volcha are so

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closely located that people sometimes call the city of Volchansk, located on the river of the same name, Volcha.

Valentina Cherkashina went to school there but later came to Minsk, where she married. The Head of Vilcha Council, Nikolay Lirsky, tell us that most of those who moved to Vilcha came from places polluted by Chernobyl radioactivity: almost 1,000 of the current 1,800 residents. More recently, some have moved from Kharkov, purchasing homes in nearby Rublevka.

If the USSR had not collapsed, then the district would have been eventually named Vilcha District (instead of Volcha District). “These days, ‘Old Vilcha’ is neglected, with entry restricted," explains Nikolay Ivanovich, from Ternopol Region. After graduation, he was sent to work in a Polesie timber enterprise and met his wife there. He returns every year to the beautiful forest location, with his wife, where they visit the burial site of her mother.

Mr. Lirsky notes that Belarusians and Ukrainians live utterly amicably in the new town, as they did in ‘Old Vilcha’. As he says, ‘everyone is friendly, hardworking and hospitable’, caring for those worst affected by the Chernobyl

tragedy: more than 120 people, who helped in cleaning up the catastrophe at the nuclear power station (among them some Belarusians).

About 30 Belarusian and Belarusian-Ukrainian families live in Vilcha, including those of Valentin Yurkovsky and Valery Semenchuk (married to Ukrainian Tatiana). The two are very active in the community.

Every year, on Radonitsa Day, they travel from Kharkov Region by bus or car to visit the graves of those who remain in their heart, in ‘Old Vilcha’.

There, they recall happy memories, and share their recollections of April 1986, and the days that followed, after the power station exploded. As poet Vladimir Mayakovsky wrote, their thirst for their old home is evidence of the land’s power over us.

Senior Vilcha resident Ivan Ilnitsky shows me the ‘Native Place’ clip online.

It features shots of the recreation centre and railway station, the town’s monuments (which gather Pioneers and veterans) its streets and the beautiful nearby forest pines, which embrace the edges of the town. These create a touching melody of the past. Mr. Ilnitsky is now retired but used to be the director

2015 беларусь.belarus

Close bonds

Ivan Zhdanovich

Our Belarusian countryman Valery Semenchuk with same as he industrious Ukrainian wife keeps the house at a 2,000 plot in Vilcha very eagerly, as an example to others

Tatiana and Valery Semenchuk in front of their beehives

of the recreation centre. He notes that the video clip encapsulates all that local people love about their home. He explains, “I’ve lived here since May 9th, 1993. After the Chernobyl catastrophe, people were moved to Belarusian Mozyr for two weeks, to stay with the relatives: my parents were with their daughter and nephew. I have a cousin in Gomel too and view myself as being closely tied with Belarus.”

One online social network page is run by a group of Vilcha inhabitants: ‘devoted to the settlement of Vilcha in Volchansk District of Kharkov Region’. The name of Vilcha arouses so many emotions and not everyone understands the history of the settlement.

Those who run the site declare that they view their home with pride, praising its beauty and convenience. It has all the necessary civilised features: water, gas, electricity, green streets, and tidy estates, which please the eye. Since its foundation, Vilcha has seen many babies born, although not all youngsters choose to remain. Many move away but some also decide to return, feeling nostalgic for their native streets and the feeling of inner calm that comes with ‘belonging’.

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Working happiness of Semenchuk family Sisters Yelena and Yekaterina Semenchuk, from Vilcha, feel this sense of tranquillity each time they visit their parents. Qualified doctors, they now live in Kharkov, nearly 60km distant. In fact, it’s only 15km from Vilcha to Belgorod Region, over the border, in Russia. Mr. Lirsky takes me to visit the girls’ parents: Tatiana and Valery Semenchuk, who live at number 9, Proreznaya Street. Interestingly, Mr. Lirsky calls one of Vilcha’s streets Belaruskaya (Belarusian).

The Semenchuks run a 2,000 plot, keeping bees. They offer me pink polendvitsa pork and soft smoked ham, carved from their own pigs. They create a wonderful impression on me as ‘model’ Belarusians. Over the Easter holidays, Tatiana’s sister Valentina came to stay: a native of Budovarovichi, near Vilcha, bringing her own daughter, Alena Sikorskaya (in Ukranian, Olena Sikorska). Now resident in Kiev, Yelena is an actress, and was on friendly terms with well-known actor Bogdan Stupka; she now works as a playwright.

Lately, we’ve found a review about her performance on the Internet: ‘The per-

formance is a tragi-comedy which holds a mirror to life, allowing us to feel the catharsis of laughter and tears. It’s truthful and sad, but beautiful and worthy’. Entitled Amarcord: I Remember, the play was staged at Franko’s Kiev Theatre. Her husband and she also owned their own theatre. She also appeared in films and attended the Listapad Festival in Minsk.

Her links with Belarus are numerous.

After taking a few photos of Tatiana and Valery in front of their beehives, we begin our interview.

Valery, from where do you originate?

I’m from Gomel Region’s village of Linov, in Narovlya District, under Golovchitsy village council. We used to have a strong collective farm, called Sovetskaya Belarus, and attended a school in Dobryn, just 5km away.

We’ve visited these places! In 1996, when we walked around Belarus’ state border, we hiked from Yelsk to Narovlya.

You know, those places also suffered from radiation. In 1986, my wife and I lived near the nuclear power station, in Pripyat. On leaving school, I worked as a tractor driver, before serving as a tankman with the army. Then I moved closer

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Close bonds to home, taking a job as a mechanic on Chernobyl’s fourth reactor, returning to Pripyat, with my wife.

Where did you meet?

In Vilcha, while I was visiting my sister; I saw this beautiful lady (he smiles, pointing at Tatiana) and fell in love. She comes from Vilcha, and was visiting her parents, although her work as a confectioner was in Kirovograd. I took her to Pripyat after we married and we lived there until 1986. Of course, the catastrophe happened inside the fourth reactor. We were evacuated to Kiev, with Tatiana pregnant at that time, and were offered various places to live, including the ones near Minsk, where I have relatives. My wife was keen to try this option so we travelled to the Belarusian settlement of Druzhny. The block was huge, with 28 entrances, but we only lived there a week before being given an apartment, in August. On September 21st, our oldest daughter, Alena, was born, in Minsk. She now works as a neuropathologist in Kharkov.

Your Alena was born in Minsk. Does she know the Belarusian language?

Certainly. Twice a year, we visit relatives in Belarus so we have a chance for language practice. We speak Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian, having relatives and friends in and around Narovlya and in Mozyr, as well as Minsk. We go to Linov for Radonitsa, as my parents are buried there, and my uncles and aunts live in Narovlya. One brother lives in Yelsk District, while another is in Loev District, both in Gomel Region. In Minsk, we have friends and relatives who work for the law enforcement agencies, and we visit them. We’re friendly with people in Druzhny too, including Alena Budkovskaya, who works as a teacher at a boarding school. She also helps people from Chernobyl, who have various problems, and has been doing so since 1986, through a fund supported by Germans.

It provided humanitarian aid after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when we all suffered, suddenly being without the medicines previously sent to children to improve their health.

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A young builder in a newspaper photo reportage of 1992 is he, Valery Semenchuk

Valery, how did you come to move from Druzhny in Minsk Region to the new town of Vilcha?

We lived in Druzhny for 8 years before moving to Vilcha, in 1993. Independent Ukraine proclaimed its readiness to allow those who’d left Pripyat, following the tragedy, to return. My wife’s parents, from Vilcha, were resettled in Volchansk District and were promised a great deal, including jobs at new factories, homes and a new trolley bus or tram service to Kharkov. I could see that my wife missed her parents greatly, especially her mother, so we decided to move.

So, Tatiana inspired the move, to be closer to her relatives, but her heart remembered her life in Minsk Region fondly.

Tatiana, what were your first impressions of new Vilcha?

Quite gloomy; I had tears in my eyes when we arrived, as all I could see was an empty field. Everywhere was covered with dirt and clay, as construction continued. Even today, I still dream about old Vilcha. However, our children have grown up here: it is their native land.

Valery, thank God, found employment

after retraining as a gas fitter. He works for Gorgaz [a gas enterprise], around Vilcha and district-wide. Before the Chernobyl catastrophe, he was a professional tinman, having trained in Leningrad, at Priboi Plant.

Valery, who taught you the art of beekeeping? Someone from Linov?

Yes, my uncle worked with bees, and shared his knowledge. We only acquired our hives three years ago. Our neighbour in Linov, an old man called Garas (known as Leglik) was a good beekeeper; he is the grandfather of my old school friend, Alexey Ivanovich Yeroshenko, who now lives in Minsk.

Do you usually travel to Belarus for Radonitsa?

Yes, and in the summer, to my parents’ house. It’s pleasant to relax there, where it’s always clean and immaculate: the village and the cottage. Some homes fell into ruin and were demolished. By the way, my wife is a district council deputy and is always impressed by local rural budgets in Belarus funding the painting of fences, and keeping all in order. Unfortunately, Ukraine has some way to go in this matter.

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Close bonds

Valery left the room only for a minute.

Then he came very delighted, smiling: “So, you will write in this magazine?

And shows…

Belarus magazine from April 1992…

In this issue of the magazine it was written about him

Linov residents respect their native land and their parents’ heritage. Even if a home is empty, the site is kept tidy, as a point of honour; you care not only for your parents’ graves but for their former home and estate. By keeping things tidy, you are showing that their life wasn’t lived ‘in vain’: they raised attentive children.

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We also like Belarusian roads, which are a real pleasure to drive on. It’s 800 km from our house to that of my parents.

‘I am a native!’

Time passes quickly while chatting with interesting people and when seating at a table of tasty food. Valery’s meat, brought in on a spit, as from the smoking shed, is utterly delicious. He left the room only for a minute before returning.

He shows me his edition of Belarus magazine from April 1992, which features major photographic coverage of Vladimir Batskalevich and Victor Zhilin, from the village of Zapolie, in Cherven District. Entitled ‘Who Are We? Where Are We From?’ It details the life of those who were obliged to resettle in Belarus after the Chernobyl tragedy. There’s Valery, standing with drainpipes under his arm!

At that time, he worked for the Chernobylbud Trust, helping raise homes for settlers. The article includes his recollections of April 1986. The edition additionally mentions Victor Lazarevich, who is no longer alive. Valery also keeps a press cutting from the local district newspaper, which has his picture. No doubt, the Semenchuk family will keep this issue too, knowing that they’re being featured.

Last time we visited, in May 2013, Yekaterina was sitting her exams at the Kharkov Medical University, almost ready to begin her career. She admits that, although she understands Belarusian language, she is not fluent enough to speak.

“Once, I asked my cousin to lend me a Belarusian book, to see if I could read it, but it was too difficult. When my grandfather and grandmother were alive, we visited them for a week or two at a time, so I was able to learn some words. I studied at a Ukrainian school,” she tells us.

Her brothers all live in Belarus, based in Gomel and Narovlya. Laughing, she recollects how confused she used to be by the use of ‘ё’ (meaning ‘is’ in this region). Her brothers call her khokhlushka (Ukrainian woman) although she responds that she’s a native too!

She gives us a tour of her parents’ home, which is very modern. Katya's

room is situated cosily on the second floor, under the eaves of the roof. The heating comes from the central boiler-house, as it does for all the houses in the settlement: there is gas, water and centralised sewerage. Hot water is available at day and night — which is not always the case in Volchansk, with its tower blocks.

Interestingly, on moving to their new home, Vilcha residents often chose to live close to former neighbours; the Semenyuk family neighbours Nikolay Sushitsky. Naturally, they are surrounded by relatives and friends, including the Belarusian Yurkovsky brothers, and Yevgeny Kurako, from Narovlya (like Valery). Each time someone travels to Belarus, they take with them a message or gift for others’ relatives. “So, maybe you will become relatives with someone?” we asked, looking at their daughter. However, Tatiana smiled and answered, “God willing!”

Valery speaks warmly of his father, Ivan Grigorievich, and mother, Nadezhda Semenovna, showing their photos.

His mother was able to translate German when she heard it on television, having learnt during the war, when the fascists took her to Germany to work.

Americans liberated the territory in which she was living.

Valery watches satellite TV and Belarus’ 24th Channel, to ensure he’s well informed about Belarusian news. With so much to look after in the garden, including the bees, it’s hard to imagine he has much time for television. Meanwhile, Tatiana must be busy in her role as a district council deputy: she plays a leading role in the Chernobyl Union organisation too, which supports more than 2,000 people who have problems with their health, or in claiming pensions or finding employment. She also makes confectionery at home, as she used to do in Minsk, before her move to Pripyat.

Dear Vilcha residents, thank you for your warm-heartedness! We hope that our Belarusian-Ukrainian friendship will continue.

Ivan and Valentina Zhdanovich Minsk — Kharkov — Vilcha — Minsk

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HERITAGE

Open gates of treasures

Supraśl and Biała Podlaska, and protected Bialowieza Forest set to attract cross-border tourism between Belarus and Poland

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his year, as the world marks the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second World War, we not only remember the millions who died in those terrible years but also calculate the loss of culture: destroyed architectural treasures and art works, burned libraries, and looted museums.

Rarities beyond number were turned to ashes or went missing in the flames of war. One tragedy of such a kind was the destruction of the 16th century Church of the Annunciation of the Holy Virgin, in Supraśl, mourned by Belarus and Poland.

Supraśl is a small town: at various times, part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic, the Russian Em-

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pire, and the Republic of Poland. Since 1944, it has been part of the territory of Poland, while being home to a number of Belarusians, Orthodox believers, and people of other nationalities. It is unique, combining the traditions of various European cultures.

The local church has been recently renovated, healing some of the wounds inflicted by the war, although not removing every scar. Priceless frescos were lost, with only fragments rescued: mere echoes of their former beauty, though enduringly valuable.

The Church in Supraśl, despite being situated in Poland, is included in all studies of the history of Belarusian medieval art, having been a hub of spirituality.

I’ve always wanted to see the masterpiece with my own eyes and am now standing before the walls of the

church: rebuilt exactly as it once appeared almost 500 years ago. Similar Orthodox churches exit in Synkovichi and Murovanka, and in Vilno, the capital of Lithuania: Holy Trinity Church, the Church of St. Michael the Miracle Worker and of the Holy Virgin. All date from the 16th century and are Gothic in style — common in Western Europe but rare for Orthodox churches. Of course, Belarus lies adjacent to Poland and Lithuania, straddling two civilizations: Western and Eastern Europe, Catholicism and Orthodoxy. It’s a crossroads for many phenomena, including art styles.

Masters from Serbia painted the Gothic church in the traditions of Byzantine art, and it was first inhabited by monks from Ukrainian Kiev and Greek Athos: a real international community.

In 1582, the Serbian Patriarch Gabriel

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HERITAGE

stayed, indicating the importance of the monastery, and granting the high rank of ‘lavra’. In 1589, Jeremias, the Patriarch of Constantinople, visited this heart of spirituality and, in 2012, the Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia did the same.

sity Library of Ljubljana while another went to Warsaw. In November 1939, it was appropriated and taken to Berlin but returned to the Polish capital in 1941, before disappearing without trace in 1944. However, in 1967, it was located in the USA and returned to the

Also near the border with Belarus is Polish Biała Podlaska, a place of close historical and cultural ties. The Consulate of Belarus is situated there The monastery’s library held a copy of the ancient Slavic Supraślsky Codex, recorded in the 11th century.

It was later rediscovered, in 1823, by Mikhail Bobrovsky and, between 1838 and 1839, he sent the manuscript to Slovenian philologist Jernej Kopitar, for publication. A section of the rarity went to the National and Univer-

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National Library of Warsaw. In 1856, several fragments came to St. Petersburg, where they remain today. The Supraślsky Codex is listed by UNESCO World Heritage.

Other no less valuable church relics were taken to Russia in 1915, and some were stolen during the world wars. Between 1693 and 1803, the monastery’s

printing house released about 500 editions: religious and secular — in Polish, Church Slavonic, Old Belarusian, Latin and Lithuanian. For several centuries, Supraśl has extended its influence beyond the borders of Poland and Belarus.

Walking through the streets of the settlement, from the Orthodox church, the road leads to the former Protestant church, behind which stands a Roman Catholic church and several private homes dating back a century and more. Prynuka restaurant’s Belarusian cuisine evinces the presence of a local Belarusian community, just as Tatar Prysmaki restaurant indicates the presence of Tatars (in fact, for the past five centuries).

Also near the border with Belarus is Polish Biała Podlaska, a place of close historical and cultural ties.

The Consulate of Belarus is situated in the town, which boasts Old Catholic, Orthodox and Jewish cemeteries, filled with Poles, Belarusians and Jews. Still standing are an Orthodox

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HERITAGE church, and several Roman Catholic churches, some dating from the early 17th century. In the heart of the town is a monument to Polish writer Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, born in Belarusian Pruzhany, who spent his life in Lithuania, Ukraine and Poland. From 1822 to 1826, Kraszewski taught at the town’s prestigious Biała Academy. Nearby the school, you can see the ruins of a former castle owned by the noble Radziwill family: the most famous in Belarusian history. Its gates, tower, some household buildings and chapel remain, all dating from the 17th century and after. The Belarusian Radziwill residences in Mir and Nesvizh are included in UNESCO’s World Heritage List and, although the Biała residence is more modest, it is worthy of a visit.

The rich cultural traditions of Belarusian-Polish border region are a source of cross-border tourism, while the route from Supraśl to Biała Podlaska takes the traveller through Knyshinskaya Forest Reserve.

Onwards a little further, and you reach Bialowieza Forest, which is

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UNESCO World Heritage listed. The ancient forest unites Poland and Belarus, straddling both territories and being open to citizens of both countries. The President of Belarus recently signed a decree to allow visa-free entry via Pererov (Bialowieza) checkpoint for Polish tourists for up to 72 hours (3 days), making visits much easier to arrange. Vadim Karmazin, who heads Tourism Department at the Ministry for Sports and Tourism,

notes that Belarus is eager to welcome visitors and views the forest as a calling card.

In the future, as visa free entry is expanded, entry to other regions of our country should simplify. Belarusians should find their visits to Poland equally facilitated, allowing citizens to enjoy Supraśl and Biała Podlaska, while Poles enjoy Ruzhany, Merechevschina and Volkovysk.

By Viktar Andreyev

2015 беларусь.belarus

CITY IN POSTCARDS

Vilnius — Vilnya: capital of Lithuania in Belarusian history SB — Belarus Segodnya newspaper releases collection of postcards featuring ancient city sites

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ilnya has been the capital of Lithuania since the 14th century. Sited on the border with B e l ar u s , it h a s played a major role in our country’s history and hosted the first publishing of Belarusian books, printed by Frantsisk Skorina in the early 16th century. In the early 20th century, the first Belarusian newspapers were published in the city and the first Belarusian schools opened. In addition, Bronislav Tarashkevich’s Grammar was released there, becoming the foundation of modern Belarusian literary grammar.

Vilnya has been a common capital for Belarus and Lithuania, from the 14thearly 20th century.

Anton Lutskevich — a resident of Vilnya and a Belarusian public and political figure — came to the

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conclusion in 1918 that the city was equally valuable to Lithuanians and Belarusians. He asserted that ‘Vilnya must service both nations’ having been ‘a cradle of their culture’.

To comprehend the city’s role in our history, in 2013, Belarus Segodnya newspaper launched its educational project entitled Vilnius — Vilnya: The Capital of Lithuania in Belarusian History: Walking Through the City with Victor Korbut. It explores Vilnya’s sites relating to the life and artistry of Belarus-born personalities, in their interaction with outstanding Lithuanian, Polish and Jewish cultural figures in the city. News on the project is available at https:// www.facebook.com/KorbutVilnius As part of the project, Minsk’s Riftour Publishing House has produced a collection of nine postcards, featuring buildings connected with the life and activity of famous Bela-

rusian, Lithuania and Polish cultural figures in this ancient city. Most came from the territory of modern Belarus or hugely contributed to Belarusian cultural life in Vilnya.

Prepared by journalist Victor Korbut, these are the first Belarusian language postcards devoted to Vilnya and its sights in the history of Belarus and Lithuania. Using archive documents and scientific literature, the postcards were designed by artist Alena Zhdanovskaya, with support from the Lithuanian Embassy to Belarus, Ambassador Evaldas Ignatavicius, the Return voluntary fund, Pavel Beregovich, Riftour Publishing Agency (and its Director Sergey Plyt ke v ich) and A lexander Gi l.

The collection of postcards makes a wonderful gift or tourist souvenir — for history lovers and all those eager to know more about BelarusianPolish-Lithuanian sites in Vilnya.

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CITY IN POSTCARDS Adam Maldis — a Doctor of Philological Sciences and a researcher of Belarusian-Lithuanian cultural ties: The project unites more information than I had realised existed, disclosed vividly and interestingly.

The wisdom will help anyone travelling to the ancient city.

Arsen Lis, a Doctor of Philological Sciences and a researcher of Vilnya’s 1920-1930s cultural life:

Vilnya’s addresses, cultural figures and establishments featured as postcards for ‘Vilnius — Vilnya: Capital of Lithuania in Belarusian History’ 11 Dominikonų Street From 1600, known as the property of Yevstafy Volovich and, from the 18th century, called Poteev Palace. From the late 19th century to the 1930s, it was owned by the Umyastovskys.

From 1906 until the mid-1940s, the Lithuanian Bookshop was located on its ground floor — belonging to Marija Piaseckaitės-Šlapelienės. From 1906, Lithuanian and Belarusian books and newspapers were sold there. Yanka Kupala and Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis were regular visitors.

Alexander Vlasov and Stanislav Stankevich Knigar. The building was visited by Maxim Bogdanovich (1911), Zmitrok Byadulya, Yanka Kupala, Tsetka, and Lyudvika Sivitskaya (Zoska Veras) (1912 and 1923), Lyudas Gira, Sofija IvanauskaitėPšibiliauskienė (Lazdynų Pelėda) and Antanas Žmuidzinavičius.

4 Švento Mikalojaus Street The site of St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Church, built in the early 16th century. From 1901-1939, it was the only church in Vilnya where sermons were read in Lithuanian.

From 1901-1906, its priest was Juozapas Kukta. The building kept a secret collection of editions published by Martin Kukhta’s publishing house. From 1921, services were offered each Sunday at 10am, with Belaru-

The project is innovative, creative and topical. The author reminds us of the common history of Belarusians and Lithuanians during their life in Vilnya. It contributes to mutual understanding and tolerance between our nations.

5 Pylimo Street

Anatoly Varava, a guide: The project is a compressed yet substantial narration of the beautiful and ancient city.

The past of our Motherland — connected to Vilnya through diverse events and figures — comes to life. The postcards show us its streets and houses.

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Constructed in the early 20th century to house the editorial offices of Belarusian newspapers: Nasha Niva (1911-1913, and 1920), Goman (1916-1917), Krynica (1921, 1923-1925) and Biełaruskaja Krynica (1925). It also housed magazine offices: Sakha (1912-1913), Krywičanin (1918) and Belaruskaya Knigarnya (1913-1926).

A collection of ancient rarities by Yan Lutskevich was kept in the building and the site was home and workplace to Vatslav Lastovsky (1910-1920) and his wife Maria Ivanauskaitė-Lastauskienė (Lazdynų Pelėda).

Among other famous personalities who worked there were Yan Lutskevich,

sian language sermons. Until 1940, priest Adam Stankevich served there and, in the 1920s, its priests included Konstantin Stepovich (Kazimir Svayak), Wincenty Godlewski and Yazep Germanovich.

Couples married there include Leon Vitan-Dubeikovsky and Yuliana Menke (1922), Bronislav Tarashkevich and Vera Snitko (1923), and Anton Voitik and Lyudvika Sivitskaya (Zoska Veras) (1926). Across the 1920s and 1930s, the local Belarusian choir was conducted by Anton Grinevich, Albin Stepovich, Adolf Klimovich and Yan Poznyak. On September 25th, 1989, priest Vaclovas Aliulis offered a Belarusian language service.

2015 беларусь.belarus

CITY IN POSTCARDS (of Stephen Báthory Vilno University), the Belarusian Peasant-Worker Society and the Belarusian National Committee. Bronislav Tarashkevich (1922-1926), Yanka Pachopka, Lyudvika Sivitskaya (Zoska Veras) (1923-1927), Anton Voitik, Symon Rak-Mikhailovsky, Anton Lutskevich and Yazep Drozdovich lived and worked at the address.

19, 19a Didžioji Street

7a Aušros Vartų Street The site of a former Basilian monastery, built in the early 17th century (operational until 1827). From 18231824, it housed a prison, where Adam Mickiewicz and Ignaty Domeiko were kept. From 1845—1915, an Orthodox seminary was located there and an altar. It was used for the editorial offices of Belaruskaya Dumka newspaper (1919), and Vilno’s Belarusian Rada (1919).

It also became home to Vilno’s Belarusian gymnasium (1919-1932), a Belarusian branch of Vilno’s Polish state gymnasium — named after Juliusz Slowacki (1932-1937), the Belarusian Scientific Society (1921-1939) and Vilno’s Belarusian Museum (1921-1944).

Among the directors of the latter were Anton Lutskevich (1921-1939), Maryan Petsukevich (1940-1941) and Yan Shutovich (1941-1944), Alena Sokolova-Lekant (from 1919), Maxim Goretsky (1919-1923), Adam Stankevich (from 1919), and Anton Lutskevich (from 1920). Leonila Chernyavskaya, Yan Stankevich, Arkady Smolich and Alexander Kovsh lectured at the gymnasium, whose directors included Mikhail Kokhanovich (1919-1922), Bronislav Tarashkevich (1922), Anton Nekanda-Trepka (1922-1923), Radoslav Ostrovsky (1923-1927, and 19291936) and Sergey Pavlovich (19271928). Natalia Arsenieva studied there (1919-1921).

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14 Vilniaus Street Built in the late 18th century and reconstructed in the 19th-early 20th century, it housed editorial offices for Belarusian Nasha Niva newspaper (1913-1915) and Sakha magazine (1913). In modern times, it housed a Milavitsa women’s lingerie shop (2011-2014). Yanka Kupala (1914-1915) lived and worked there, as did Zmitrok Byadulya (1914-1915), Alexander Vlasov (1913-1914), Vatslav Lastovsky (19131914) and Yazep Drozdovich.

37 Vilniaus Street Built in the late 19th century, in the 1920s, it housed editorial offices for Belarusian newspapers and magazines, in addition to offices for the Belarusian School Society, the Belarusian Student Union

Constructed in the late 16th or early 17th century, the building is thought to have been owned by Kuzma and Lukash Mamonich (merchants of Belarusian origin). The latter opened a publishing house there, printing the third statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1588) in Old Belarusian. In 1990, a memorial plaque was unveiled on the building, bearing an inscription in Lithuanian and Belarusian: ‘From 1522 to 1525, here — in the city of Vilnya — Belarusian enlightener Frantsisk Skorina published the first printed books in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’.

3 Barboros Radvilaitės Street Likely dating from the 17th century, Lyudvik Kondratovich (Vladislav Syrokomlya) lived and died there (18521862). From 1934-1938, it housed the Belarusian Co-operative Bank, the Belarusian Co-operative Pchela (Bee) Society and the editorial office of Belaruskaya Borts magazine (edited by Zoska Veras).

By Viktar Korbut

39

CRAFTSMEN

Met on clothes

St. Petersburg hosts Belorusy. by. 20th Century Ethnographic Research in Belarus exhibition

I

’ve never been a fan of headwear — either hats or scarves. Even in winter, in the cold, I prefer to go with an uncovered head! However, I recently discovered an unusual linen headdress, called a namitka: beautifully embroidered with geometric motifs. The long piece of fabric takes patience to tie.

Some would say that this characteristic is often lacking in young girls, but mandatory for married women and this may explain why the

accessory was popular (among Eastern Slavs) only for wives.

The word ‘namitka’ derives from ‘namstka’ and ‘obmstka’ (winding around the head). Yelena Buko, a researcher at the National Historical Museum of the Republic of Belarus, demonstrates to me exactly how to wear the item, which tends to be 30—40 cm wide and 2-4 m long. They vary not only in length but in their decoration, and must be starched correctly, to remain ‘stiffly’ in position on the head.

Belta

Gomel’s Kolavarot exhibition presents unusual items from customs and rituals

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2015 беларусь.belarus

CRAFTSMEN Yelena tells me that the to be rarities, seldom takBelorusy.by. 20th Century ing them out of their disEthnographic Research in play cases. Bringing them Belarus exhibition, recently to St. Petersburg has been hosted by St. Petersburg’s an exception.

Russian Ethnographic MuObser ving the baseum, aroused considerable setlya, and a costume from interest among specialists Brest Region’s Ivatsevichi, and ordinary citizens alike.

I can’t help but think of Among the 500 exhibits early summer days, when were traditional Belaruthe Earth awakens and sian costumes, utensils and merry life-affirming dancmusical instruments — on ing takes place in village loan from the National Hissquares. Looking around Exhibition of weaving, embroidery, lace making, wood engraving and pottery tory Museum of the Repubme, there is a group of girls lic of Belarus. So great were also studying the artefacts, the crowds that a queue formed and they certainly aren’t local, gooutside, with people willing to ing by their clothes. wait their turn rather than leaving “Every Belarusian region had in disappointment: a true rarity! a distinctive style, with unique orA year ago, the exhibition namentation and colouring,” Ms. opened at Minsk’s Ethnographic Buko explains. Belarusian motifs Museum, initiating long-term cotended to be geometric (unlike operation with our neighbours.

Russian floral themes). Cross Maria Kazantseva, who heads a stitched stars and rosettes appear department at the National Hisregularly but designs differ greatly tory Museum, tells us, “Our joint between Gomel, Brest and Mogiproject foresees an exchange of lev Regions. Even within a region, exhibitions, joint workshops and you’d find variation. If a young a probation period for experts. man married a woman from a Of course, we’ve enjoyed uninterneighbouring village, she’d be imrupted contacts and co-operation mediately recognisable in her new for decades. Last year, the Ethhome by the embroidery on her nographic Museum loaned us its clothes. Self-identification is very unique collection of Belarusian important, inspiring a sense of nacostumes from the 1900s; experts tional culture.” from all across Belarus, as well From what fabrics were cosas from Ukraine, came to see it. tumes sewn, Yelena?

Our collection originates from the Weaving was by hand, usually 1920s, with nothing earlier, being from flax but later cotton; we have Similar to a violoncello, the basetlya is an old both in our collection. There was much ‘younger’ than that of St. Belarusian bow instrument Petersburg. It’s an honour for my a great variety in headdresses too. colleagues and me to receive an invita- ample, this item, very similar to a violon- Namitkis could be curled up, giving a tion to visit the city on the River Neva as cello, only smaller, is a basetlya: an old majestic appearance. Women stepped there is so much to learn there. I hope our Belarusian bow instrument. It was no majestically, like peahens! creative exchanges — of collections and less popular than the lyre or cymbals and Yelena Buko graduated from the Bespecialists — will increase in regularity.” no village festival was celebrated without larusian State University three years ago, You took not only costumes but it. Almost every region had its own little and tells us that she can sew traditional crockery and musical instruments… orchestra. All the musical instruments costumes and namitkis herself, although We believe that, to understand oth- presented at the exhibition date from it’s quite time consuming. “However, I ers and their traditions, we should know the late 19th century and have been always manage to finish successfully,” how they lived, what they wore, and restored by our masters. We look after she smiles. which festivals they celebrated. For ex- them carefully, since they are considered

By Lyudmila Bezrukova

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41

Benefis

Actress’s talent illuminates the stage 42

Darya Andreeva

It is easy for young actors to play with Olga Klebanovich.

Next to Yulia Kadushkevich as Elizabeth

2015 беларусь.belarus

Benefis

People’s Artiste of Belarus Olga Klebanovich, a leading actress of the Maxim Gorky National Academic Theatre, has again confirmed her ability to transform into characters noble and humble. Radiating contentment, grace and calm, she appeared in Somerset Maugham’s Circle of Love, directed by Modest Abramov, with proceeds going to charity. The charismatic actress was simultaneously celebrating her birthday, with fellow actors, colleagues, friends and relatives joining her for a post-show party.

M

s. Klebanovich is among the most acclaimed and acc o m plished actresses of our modern times. As the older generation of theatrical critics admit, she has the power to heal hearts. Her artistic range is diverse, features over 100 roles in five theatre decades. Each role is brought to life in her own unique style. Of course, she is not everyone’s favourite but her power to connect with audiences is indisputable, causing them cry and laugh, grieve and cheer. Each appearance is applauded; she has many fans and always receives bouquets at the close of the curtain. She has the power to exert catharsis.

Whe re f rom d o e s he r t a l e nt originate? Probably, her love of life, spiritual sincerity and openness; she breathes this into her characters, for public enjoyment. She is also generous towards her acting partners.

People’s Artiste of Belarus Alexander Tkachenok has been performing alongside Olga for many years and explains, “Everything began with The Only Heir: our first performance together. I’d only just joined the theatre while Olga was established.

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Our teacher was wonderful [director Vladimir Malankin]. We shared the same outlook on our profession, as if having the same ‘blood type’. We had a spiritual bond, which allowed us to understand each other, playing husband and wife or brother and sister.

At the moment, we’re playing lovers in Circle of Love: I play Lord Portes.

It’s all a great success.”

cold or reserved. Nor does she stand aloof from those who lack awards and titles, or who stand on a different hierarchy in the theatrical world.

She chats to everyone: dress and set designers, props masters, technicians and up-and-coming actors.

The regard in which Olga is held is typified by the party, organised by the theatre’s young actors, to cel-

‘As long as I can stand on the stage, I’ll serve you, to my last drop of blood and sigh’ Mr. Tkachenok continues, “Of her many talents, Olga is also a born teacher, often advising young actors, who heed her well. She’s easy to chat to, so forms friendships (on various levels) with a wide range of people.

I’m quite different, although we certainly do share the same views on theatre and many other aspects of life. We are like fond siblings.”

Olga’s other colleagues at the theatre also appreciate her, regularly praising her as being easy to work with, while admiring her spirit and energy.

Having spoken to her often, I agree that her warm personality encourages you to relax; no one could call her

ebrate Ms. Klebanovich’s birthday.

Meanwhile, all those attending her performances of late have stopped by the three large posters placed in the theatre lobby (since February), to have their photo taken with their idol. The pictures depict her on stage and in the ‘real’ life, one featuring her as a first year student at the Theatrical Institute (taken by a Moscow photographer in Minsk). Afterwards, she was shot for the cover of popular Soviet magazine Ogonek. Another one shows Olga as Stepanida in Bykov’s Sign of Sorrow, for which she won Belarus’ State Award. The last captures her addressing the audience.

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Benefis I could speak endlessly of her roles, savouring each nuance, although I’ve not seen every show in which she has appeared. My own experience of seeing her performances is that she is able to penetrate the psychology of a character, making us believe in them implicitly. It is as if she creates a whole backstory.

Moreover, she manages to find new gestures and intonations with time, developing her roles. She truly takes on each new persona, so that her own is utterly cloaked. Her ‘women’ may have seeming similarities, yet she makes them unique through their footsteps and movements, their manner of laughter and tears, and the tone of their voice. It is a rare skill.

Think of her Felicita (Ostrovsky’s Truth Is Good But Happiness Is Better), Esfir Lvovna (Ulitskaya’s Esfir) and Khanuma (Tsagareli’s Tricks of Khanuma).

Olga explains that her success is rooted in the ability to observe and perform, saying, “On taking a role, I begin thinking. A playwright depicts a character and his habits, inspiring me as to how he would walk, smile, speak and look. I remember playing Anna in Alexander Galin’s Stars in the Morning Sky; my intuition whispered to me to find something similar in real life. I came across a homeless woman and followed her b r i e f l y, observing how she ate, drank and looked at passersby. Of course, in some cases, there’s no need to search out

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inspiration, as I can draw f rom memory. I’ve toured Georgia, meeting wonderful local people, and this helped when I played Khanuma, as I recalled Georgian women’s particular manners and appearance. As regards avoiding repeating myself, you can manage this if you achieve true understanding of your character. No two people are identical.”

Ms. Klebanovich continues, “As for Lady Kitty, her actions are such that there is a danger of alienating audiences. She has a wonderful husband but she fails to appreciate him and runs away, although she later regrets her action, and that of having left her son. I knew that my Lady Kitty could be different: extravagant and eccentric, though slightly foolish. I didn’t want her to appear silly in any way. She hides her guilt for many years, until her mask is lifted.

I attempted to give her dignity, intellect and, even, wisdom (garnered over a lifetime). I hope that Circle of Love helps people understand that we are often hostages to

Ruslan Chernetsky (Arnold) and Ivan Streltsov (Teddy)

the choices we make. We should not blame Fate for our feelings of guilt or regret. If I’ve succeeded in this, I’ll be truly happy.”

The performance begins in the house of Kitty’s former husband, Clave, (played by Ivan Matskevich): a gentleman wearing his own mask.

With him are his son, Arnold, (Ruslan Chernetsky) and servant George (Alexander Brukhatsky): the latter a typical character for an English house.

Arnold’s wife, Elizabeth, is played brilliantly: with fashionable delicacy in the shape of Yulia Kadushkevich and with spirit by Yelena Stetsenko.

Arnold’s friend, Teddy, (Ivan Streltsov and Sergey Zhbankov) is secretly in love with Elizabeth.

All await Kitty, as Olga admits, with perfect charm and talent. Handsome and talented Mr. Chernetsky plays Arnold with great humour, allowing us to mock his pedantry and passion for idealistic politics. Unsurprisingly, Elizabeth chooses his lively friend over her husband, echoing the decision taken by her mother-in-law, Lady Kitty. Both characters are full of life, seeking true and deep feelings.

Like his father before him, Arnold fails to provide his wife with this comfort. It is as if the younger adults are like children, playing adult games, with a childish attitude towards love and a penchant for pleasure that is mindless.

The tragic paradox is that youth is the time for great passions and true feelings. The wisdom of the play is that appreciation of what is lost is only gained in retrospect.

As E l i z ab e t h a n d Te d d y r u n a w a y t o g e t h e r,

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Darya Andreeva

Benefis

The grand finale of Circle of Love. Next to Olga Klebanovich (Kitty) stand Alexander Tkachenok (Portes) and Ivan Matskevich (Champion)

Lady Kitty realises that she need no longer regrets her own past actions: all is as it should be and as it always would have been. She proclaims: ‘Everything has returned to me’.

Olga Klebanovich performs Kitty with huge professionalism, entering the chilly English house like an exotic, colourful bird, bounding with energy. She shocks, surprises, embarrasses and delights, aided by extravagant costumes designed by talented Tatiana Lisavenko. By the end, she realises that her mask, behind which she hides her guilt at leaving her son and husband, and her desire to make amends, is her true self.

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Using psychological twists, Ms. K lebanovich app ears in various guises through the play: concerned, wishing her son to avoid the torment of being abandoned by his wife; fearful, of her daughter-in-law; and sympathetic, in explaining her past to Elizabeth, and when she attempts to stop Lord Portes viewing a photo of her in her youth. Lyrical comedy transforms into drama as Kitty rises, turning away from Elizabeth and Lord Portes, sweeping away her tears.

We see that Kitty has deprived herself of the happiness of motherhood and is paying the price. The play does not focus on the price of passion, al-

though Kitty does flirt a little when Lord Portes tells her that she’s more beautiful now than ever.

Abramov’s performance lacks a sanctimonious moral, although audiences receive a clear message that women should avoid abandoning their children and husbands. Rather, he urges us to revisit scenes from our own past, urging us to gain understanding of our own decisions and their consequences. We cannot learn from others’ experience, only our own, but Circle of Love does manage to stir us to reflect on our own regrets and ‘failures’.

By Valentina Zhdanovich

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Opening night

The National Academic Bolshoi Opera and Ballet Theatre of the Republic of Belarus never ceases to surprise, charm and please us. Its interpretation of Tsar's Bride, by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, is a Russian operatic gem. It was first staged

by Mikhail Pandzhavidze more than six years ago, at the Ekaterinburg Opera and Ballet Theatre, and has now been revived in dynamic and expressive fashion for Minsk audiences.

I

watched the dress-rehearsal of Tsar's Bride alongside other journalists on the eve of opening night, with the show followed by a press-conference with Director Mikhail Pandzhavidze, joined by Musical Director Nikolay Kolyadko, Art Director Alexander Kostyuchenko and Deputy Director General Vladimir Rylatko. As ever, the Bolshoi Theatre invited us onto the stage to chat to the production crew, and to feel the spirit of the performance from ‘inside’ the set.

Mr. Kostyuchenko’s set certainly evokes another age, using much natural wood (as used to build the boyar towers in Ivan the Terrible’s time). He explains that his choice was governed by a desire to evoke an historical atmosphere. I already know Mr. Kostyuchenko to be a talented stage designer, being

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Angelika Grekovich

Powerfully, profoundly, spiritually…

sympathetic to the needs of the musical score, and the director. However, the scenery for Tsar's Bride surpasses his usual excellence, convincing us immediately of the ‘reality’ of what is portrayed on stage. Mr. Pandzhavidze emphasises that the scenery is precisely calculated, using arches at various levels, so that voices on stage are amplified and given clarity. Meanwhile, the sets are light enough to be easily moved around, as needed between scenes.

He underlines that the opera has a traditional feel, rather than being avant-garde. It has a deeply Russian atmosphere, reflecting that difficult period of time for the unification of the Russian state, when the Tsar's oprichnina cruelly persecuted the boyars. Against this background, it explores our relationship with power: for those who possess it and those who do not.

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Opening night

In his interview with Sputnik News Agency (http:// ru.sputnik.by/culture/20150325/1014455565.html), he tells us, “The Tsar's Bride explores the tsar’s relationship with the state. Ivan the Terrible’s personality is hotly disputed through history, since he was both gifted literarily (writing holy canons) and a harsh leader (being called ‘Terrible’). Power, as a concept, has nothing to do with morality. However, it cannot be weak, since this would prevent it from protecting itself and its interests — and, thereby, its own people.”

Chorus Master Nina Lomanovich stresses that the opera is based on true events and is rare in its genre regarding its depth of sincerity, cordiality and natural melodies. “It is a source of pure art,” notes Musical Director Nikolay Kolyadko. The work is his first by Rimsky-Korsakov, but has greatly

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enriched him, as he has told Parter journal. He asserts that neither before nor since Tsar's Bride has the composer created such a complete opera in terms of dynamism of action, while being successfully melodious and full of captivating arias, ensembles and choruses.

It’s no wonder that Mr. Pandzhavidze was attracted by Tsar's Bride, which requires powerful voices for its performance: a perfect match for the Bolshoi Theatre. It’s almost as if each part has been designed for our Belarusian performers. Leading soloists from two casts have been chosen: People’s Artistes of Belarus Vladimir Petrov and Vasily Kovalchuk, Honoured Artistes of Belarus Vladimir Gromov, Oksana Volkova, Alexander Keda and Anastasia Moskvina, and laureates of international competitions Natalia Akinina, Andrey Valenty, Tatiana

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Opening night Gavrilova, Yekaterina Golovleva, Yelena Zolova, Eduard Martynyuk, Pavel Petrov and Stanislav Trifonov.

The opera’s plot involves typical romantic dramatic elements. Marfa Sobakina (Tatiana Gavrilova), the daughter of a Novgorod merchant, is in love with a young boyar, Ivan Lykov (Victor Mendelev), as is the Tsar’s oprichnik, Grigory Gryaznoy (Stanislav Trifonov); both are thwarted when the Tsar selects Marfa as his bride. However, Gryaznoy’s jealous mistress, Lyubasha (Oksana Volkova), chooses to poison her rival.

Since its opening night, in 1933, it has become a classic in the repertoire of the Bolshoi Theatre (previously called Oprichniks).

In 1938, a new staging came into being, with a third in 1950. The last was staged for almost 60 years, a record shared by Aida.

The latest staging of The Tsar's Bride is sure to prove a lasting legacy, being immediately impressive. From the opening bars of the beautiful ‘Russian national style’ overture, whose melody flows into your soul, the audience is drawn into another world. Meanwhile, the set is incredibly authentic, with its icons, well and carved porch. The first words of the prologue, spoken by Stanislav Trifonov, as Grigory Gryazny, reveal fine Russian speech [the libretto was written by Nikolai RimskyKorsakov and Ilya Tyumenev who based his script on the eponymous play by Lev Mey]. Every word has clarity and Trifonov’s passionate baritone speaks volumes, being powerful, confident and bewitching. He commands the audience’s attention.

The same is true of the outstanding, deep mezzo-soprano of Oksana Volkova, as Lyubasha. We feel her spiritual unrest and are moved; although her actions are malevolent, she inspires empathy. Just as touching is the sacrificial love of Tatiana Gavrilova’s Marfa, with her crystal-pure soprano. Her father, played by Vasily Kovalchuk, is the epitome of paternal kindness, portrayed

Deep and powerful baritone of Stanislav Trifonov, as Grigory Gryaznoy, enchants by feelings of his character

The actors feel comfortable in the sets of Alexander Kostyuchenko. A scene from the performance

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Opening night

Deep mezzo-soprano of Oksana Volkova, as Lyubasha, is touching for the audience

through a strong, rich bass. Each member of the cast ‘lives’ their role with such skill that we cannot help but feel their emotions.

Mikhail Pandzhavidze’s ability to create psychologically powerful characters is well proven, and we’d expect nothing less from Tsar's Bride. His soloists and chorus are utterly professional, not only delighting us with their singing but convincing us with their acting. Each personifies his character meticulously and each stage movement is perfectly choreographed: linked, justified and harmonious. We feel the greater scope of the action and its relation to eternal themes. Fates are interwoven in the struggle for power and influence. We see their jealousy, fidelity, treachery and the many shades of love: unrequited, forced and devotional.

This beautiful and sad story from a distant age becomes plausible in these expert hands and, though long, appears as one breath. This seemingly ‘common-place’ story of unrequited love and the struggles of power could have easily strayed into the realm of ‘fantasy’, especially when accompanied by Rimsky-Korsakov’s score, which revels in the Russian soul in such a way.

Nikolay Kolyadko recognises the mysticism of the story, saying, “If we depart from an ordinary understanding of the plot, seeing its tragic scope, we can unravel the mystery hidden in this opera’s beautiful music, with its wonderful tone and dynamic orchestra.

It gives the impression of a melodious and dramatic game and reveals the secret essence of the Russian soul through its archetypal characters: strong, passionate, spiritually perturbed, repentant and courageous, yet patient, resignedly submissive and obedient.”

The Bolshoi Theatre has managed to solve the puzzle of these eternal themes, giving us insight into what often is left unsaid.

By Valentina Zhdanovich

Each of the actors plays his part excellently. A scene of Marfa’s engagement to marry

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TALENTS

Small swan becomes a queen

Belta

y

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Yana Shtangey achieves same success as prominent Maya Plisetskaya, who first danced Odette-Odile by the age of 22

a n a g r a d u at e d from the Choreographic College not long ago but, unlike most dancers, whose lot it is to be content in the corps de ballet, she has enjoyed a meteoric rise, being offered the lead in Swan Lake at the age of 19.

Troupe leader Tatiana Shemetovets asked Yana if she was familiar with Swan Lake, to which the young girl could only feel bewilderment, being focused on her role in Sleeping Beauty. Yana knew all about Tchaikovsky’s ballet, having danced in its corps de ballet and solo swan roles but she was staggered to be told that she would be dancing Odette-Odile within the month: a star part and only a month to rehearse. The young ballerina can barely recall that time clearly, feeling rather as if the days passed in a fog. That evening, she watched Swan Lake on video and then burst into tears, overwhelmed by emotion.

However, she certainly didn’t turn down the opportunity to play the role of which almost all ballerinas dream (and few attain). Yana decided to work without a break, slaving over her routines every day.

The premiere night passed again in a fog, with Yana trembling as never before: more even than during dance contests, of which there have been many. The first serious competition was hosted by Varna, with Yana performing six classical variations and two modern dances on the open-air stage — despite 30-degree heat. Yana almost fainted but danced brilliantly and won a diploma.

Actually, Yana loves contests, believing that they allow those with true talent to show what they are capable of. The Eurovision Dance Contest in 2013 saw Yana perform Esmeralda, receiving ten points. Her modern ballet interpretation was

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TALENTS more of a challenge, as she’d not been involved in contemporary dance for some time, preferring classical ballet. However, participation in the contest required both genres, so she agreed to experiment. She endured strained muscle pains and bruises but achieved a worthy result. Yana Shtangey stands as the first Belarusian to have participated in the Eurovision Dance Contest.

Yana is not Belarusian, having been born in Kharkov. At the age

ov and stubbing my toe! It swelled so badly that I could hardly put on my ballet shoes. Doctors tried to help but with little result. That first audition resulted in them asking me to return several weeks later. I rehearsed hard but my preparations were in vain: I contracted food poisoning and did badly. Luckily, I had another chance a few days later and did my best not to miss out.”

After just six months, Yana was feeling at home in Belarus, perform-

Maya Plisetskaya

Swan Lake is the ‘acid test’ for ballerinas, since it’s impossible to hide. Only true skill and artistry are good enough

of four, she entered a local choreographic school, accompanied by the daughter of her mother’s friend, who dreamt of her girl becoming a ballerina. By the time she was ten, Yana’s mother was eager to see her give up her exhausting dance practice, but Yana’s father was firm, wanting her to continue.

Five years later, the family again faced a difficult choice. Yana had finished her nine years of studies, graduating from her ballet school.

She was set to attend Kiev’s Choreographic College but Yana’s teacher, Tatiana Cherkasova, suggested her to enter a Minsk institution, saying it was stronger.

Yana smiles on recollecting her attempts to conquer the Belarusian capital, telling us, “I endured three auditions with my Minsk teachers.

I remember the day before my first trip to Minsk, walking along Khark-

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ing at its major theatre. With her student card, she was able to attend performances free of charge, resulting in her often attending the Bolshoi Theatre. She saw The Nutcracker, Sylphide, and Swan Lake, dreaming of dancing with the corps de ballet. In her third year of studies, she gained an internship.

These days, Yana is a soloist at Belarus’ National Bolshoi Opera and Ballet Theatre, performing the role of Odette-Odile.

Ms. Plisetskaya views Swan Lake is the ‘acid test’ for ballerinas, since it’s impossible to hide. Only true skill and artistry are good enough. It’s too early to speak of Yana’s being a prima ballerina: Ms. Plisetskaya danced the ballet for 30 years while Yana has done so just a few times. However, no one doubts that her name is set for fame on the Belarusian stage, and beyond.

By Natalia Stepankova

Kupalsky belt of friendship Weavers from across Mogilev Region work on country’s longest sash — the Kupalsky Belt — for presentation at Shklov District’s Alexandria Gathers Friends Festival

M

asters from all corners of Mogilev Region have arrived in the city of Mogilev to create the sash, adding traditional ornamental motifs from each district to its 31.5 m length. Just 15 cm wide, the country’s longest belt of such a kind will continue to be woven during the Alexandria festival, with guests invited to add their own creativity. Moreover, weavers from Russia and Ukraine will join in the project; representatives of these states constantly take part in the event.

Alexandria Gathers Friends is being held on July 4th and 5th this year, on the banks of the River Dnieper, near the bridge which connects Alexandria and Kopys and the two regions of Mogilev and Vitebsk. Last year, it gathered more than 55,000 guests and even more are expected in 2015.

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VERNISSAGE

Artist who paints by emotions Some view Belarusian painting as restrained but Mikalai Bushchik shows that it can be festive, bright and lofty

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M

r. B u s h c h i k’s works are incredibly life-affirming, with a sense of purity such as is usually only found in children’s works, with their multicoloured houses and trees.

Painting in oils and watercolours, his canvases spark with geometric shapes and colour tones, creating their own poetry and rhythm.

He names each work to evoke a colour.

Space of Fire, for instance, is filled with warm reds, although no actual flames. Wide stripes represent the desert and the sky, separated by a horizon, the sun a small yellow spot. Inspired by his travels, his landscapes portray emotional responses rather than realism.

They are as far removed from photographic images as it’s possible to be. Not only art critics but also ecologists see his lofty passion and philosophical soul.

I remember a personal exhibition by Mikalai Bushchik. One of the National Art Museum’s halls stood out from the others, with subdued lighting above each canvas, which created a certain atmosphere of inti-

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At the exhibition of Mikalai Bushchik’s works

macy, depth and mystery — hinting at the ‘unknown’ in the Universe. Upon entering, I felt compelled to whisper, having no wish to disturb the tranquillity, as if I might scare off a rare bird. People say that only a true master can manipulate such a response.

Game of imagination “Since I can remember, I’ve loved to draw,” admits Mikalai. “At first, I simply copied but, when I was 5, I surprised my parents by drawing a near perfect circle by hand (they measured it with compasses).

When I was 14, my city grandparents sent me, a boy in the heart of rural Russia, my first paints. I began to reproduce works by famous artists. My Bogatyrs of Vasnetsov was hung in the school staff room but my favourite was my copy of Levitan. I’ve always appreciated the classics: their depth of

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His landscapes are not like ordinary landscapes.

It is his vision, rather than a joke or an abstraction, based on his experience as a traveler

thought and feeling. Not so much the outer side of things as the essence of phenomena and the emotional side.”

He studied at the Art School in Krasnodar and at the Theatre and Art Institute in Minsk and has since dedicated himself to pursuing his own artistic satisfaction: the word ‘must’ does not exist for him. He draws what is important to him, seeking answers to his own questions and those eternally relevant.

I’ve always been surprised at how Mikalai combines colour to create space and form, as if he thinks exclusively in tones and shades.

Every emotion, perception and natural phenomenon is perceived as a colour variation. It is his vision, rather than an abstraction, based on his experience as a traveller.

Through force of personality and talent, he creates violent elements of colour never normally witnessed in Belarusian painting.

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M. Bushchik. ‘Rainbow of the Earth’, 2003

In such a way images reveal

Memories of impressions When he is ready, he creates, and defines inspiration as ‘the willingness to draw’. He often makes small sketches, sitting outside or by a window, thinking about friends, people and events: his memories and impressions.

Sometimes, he listens to music, noting that he enjoys original pieces: classical works, and modern jazz based on improvisation and the expression of self, and emotions. He admits, “I try only to avoid anything which appears ‘destructive’; music should have structure and harmony.”

He believes that art is organic, with its own image and the notion of time, and that each master has his own opinion, saying, “I think that a masterpiece can be any work in which an artist, composer or poet combines his own perspective with that of the wider world. Such people are pioneers: artists are the eyes of God for all mankind; musicians are God’s ears; and poets share the word of God.”

Forever in harmony I feel the harmony of which he speaks: his permanent state. There is peace and tran-

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I’m interested in painting as an open art, speaking to people beyond the restriction of borders of languages, regardless of skin color or politics.

Art must be apparent without the need for translation

quillity in him and his works. I ask how he maintains this state and he replies that we need to be true to our ‘chosen path’. “Be faithful to your love of life and the concept of ‘love’. Everything depends on your wishes and choices: the path through which your soul and mind sound together, singing with one voice. It won’t make you rich but any other path won’t bring harmony, regardless of wealth. It’s not easy to make such choices: some are pragmatic, while others are ambitious. Each of us must decide what is of importance to us.”

Spoken of as a master with an exclusive feeling for colour, there’s no doubt that his works radiate sunshine. They could illuminate the gallery in the absence of electricity!

They are a triumph and a mystery: how does this ‘outstanding colourist’ (as many call him) achieve such effects?

I always like to take a fresh look at myself and offer something new: new compositions and new opportunities for the soul.

What’s changed in your works?

Time has changed. We feel it in our urban environment, and in the attitude of people:

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M. Bushchik. ‘Meeting and breakup’, 2003

their impetuosity or calm. We feel it in the rhythm of conversation and mutual relations, in the rhythm of our roads, our thoughts, and of online communication. Time is changing these rhythms, and our accompanying emotions, each of which has its own colour: hot or cold. I have no aspiration to be a journalist, creating chronicles; I leave that to the experts.

Rather, I aim to explore the aesthetic and spiritual elements of our time.

Can colour ‘solve’ everything: plot, images, and composition?

Certainly, it can. I try to solve everything with colour; as to whether I’m successful, the future will decide. Now, there are only impressions, with which you may agree or not; however, they should excite you, being unexpected. An artist transforms what he sees into art: the harmony of the world and feelings of happiness. I wish that others could understand, avoiding the drama of extremes, as they see in action films and maudlin soap operas. The world is perfectly harmonious. Even global corporations, polluting nature, are cautious, taking decisions on environmental and poverty issues. In considering the future, people

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tend to think about their children, which is what I reflect in my pictures; they are more symbolic than narrative or chronological.

In one interview, you spoke of leaving behind domestic themes…

I’m interested in painting as an open art, speaking to people beyond the restriction of borders or languages, regardless of skin colour or politics. Art must be apparent without the need for translation.

Are your water-colours born of your travels?

Yes, they allow me to show my personal impressions of travel, and of chamber music: Belarus, Lithuania and Bulgaria. Artists never stop travelling — even if they only look out of the window. Water-colours allow us to show the beautiful gift of life. Some paintings are more like photographs than artworks exploring emotions. Technical skill has its place, and satisfies an aesthetic interest, but an artist needs to voice what is seen by his soul, telling his story through a melody of colour. There is the reality of nature and the reality of an artist’s perceptions, which are often unique.

M. Bushchik. ‘New Babylon’, 2001

I have no aspiration to be a journalist, creating chronicles; I leave that to the experts.

Rather, I aim to explore the aesthetic and spiritual elements of our time

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It is better to preserve such a combination of colors

Do journeys inspire you?

Journeys are interesting in offering us new impressions, seeing the world as children do.

They are essential to me in providing the joy of pure feelings. I only return to a place when I’ve had time to forget, remembering only symbolic things. Some draw trees or stones but an artist’s themes should be humanity, the Earth and space: quite other things.

So, does your destination matter?

I don’t want to travel as a tourist, and lack interest in exoticism for its own sake. It’s important to understand what you see and gain aesthetic impressions. Perhaps go to Australia, America or Africa…

Is Europe interesting?

Certainly, as Europeanised Asia is. The Far East may be beautiful but isn’t for me. Our European culture is more calm, contemplative and minimalistic.

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Inimitable images, bright emotions, the thrill of contemplation — everybody who has ever seen the artist’s paintings comes to it

Do you sell many paintings?

Fewer than I used to, as people rarely purchase original works of art these days. They might buy print reproductions of landscapes, showing streams and birches, from department stores. I view purchasing a work of art as an act: it’s not in the same league as buying a pair of socks. I hope that the situation will change. All I can do is continue working and contemplating life, the world, God and the nature of humanity. These are the things that I care about.

You’ve always said that culture and art are vastly different.

Yes, culture is the soil in which art grows.

Our way of life is culture, as are all those notions which feed the soul. Art is light and harmony. Speaking more pragmatically, we all have the capacity to be creative. How we achieve this is ‘art’.

By Victor Mikhailov

2015 беларусь.belarus

Mikalai Bushchik.

Fragment. ‘A village’.

Paper, watercolour.

2007