Belarus (magazine #7 2013) by BELARUS Magazine

No.7 (958), 2013

BELARUS Беларусь. Belarus

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Strength and power

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Contents

Беларусь.Belarus Monthly magazine No. 7 (958), 2013 Published since 1930 State Registration Certificate of mass medium No.8 dated March 2nd, 2009, issued by the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus

Founders: The Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus “SB” newspaper editorial office Belvnesheconombank Editor: Viktor Kharkov

Symbol of unity

Executive Secretary: Valentina Zhdanovich

Design and Layout by

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Holiday for all times Presidential speech at Minsk garrison parade in honour of Independence Day, on 3rd July, 2013

New countdown Belarus and Ukraine ever closer in spheres of economics and politics

Life rhythms of ‘ticking symphony’

Aspiration to do more On accepting creden-

tials from foreign ambassadors, President Alexander Lukashenko noted that Belarus has chosen the multi-vector course of its foreign policy and tries to form solid relations — based on mutually beneficial co-operation and friendship with foreign partners

Vadim Kondrashov

Secrets of life Hair follicles are latest source of stem cells

Attractive lights of hostels Budget ho-

tels gain increasing popularity among tourists

From ‘biyanka’ to ‘barilo’ Ivanovo chil-

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dren’s school of folk arts and crafts, in the Brest Region, passing secrets down the generations

A person of wide-ranging interests Vatslav Lastovsky’s complete history of country’s literary legacy

Illustrations bring books alive All

spheres of creative thought are part of our cultural achievements. Book design and printing is part of Belarus’ legacy, upon which we continue to build. Illustrations and innovative design contribute to encouraging readers, of course

Wish to amaze

Language of mutual understanding 15th

World Congress of Russian Press hosted by Minsk and Brest

Distributed in 50 countries of the world. Final responsibility for factual accuracy or interpretation rests with the authors of the publications. Should any article of Беларусь.Belarus be used, the reference to the magazine is obligatory. The magazine does not bear responsibility for the contents of advertisements.

Publisher: “SB” editorial office This magazine has been printed at “Belarusian House of Press” Publishing Office” UE. 79 Nezavisimosti Ave., Minsk, Belarus, 220013 Order No.2254 Total circulation — 1940 copies (including 734 in English).

Write us to the address: 11 Kiselyov Str., Minsk, Belarus, 220029. Tel.: +375 (17) 290-62-24, 290-66-45. Tel./Fax: +375 (17) 290-68-31. www.belarus-magazine.by E-mail: mail@belarus-magazine.by

14 Path to strategic partnership

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Belarus to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Valery Sadokho, analyses successful promotion of Belarus’ interests in South-East Asia

Беларусь.Belarus is published in Belarusian, English, Spanish and Polish.

Subscription index in Belpochta catalogue — 74977

For future foreign subscribers for ‘Belarus’ magazine, apply to ‘MK-Periodica’ agency. E-mail: info@periodicals.ru Telephone in Minsk: +375 (17) 227-09-10.

2013 беларусь.belarus

editor’s note

n July, we celebrate the country’s major holiday — Independence Day. It seems that, with each year, this holiday gains in significance, while acquiring expressive new features. This year, Independence Day saw the solemn opening of State Flag Square in Minsk. Symbol of Unity explores this topic. As ever, Independence Day was diversely celebrated, emphasising our nation’s sovereignty and adherence to tradition, as well as respect for the generation who struggled against Fascism during the Great Patriotic War years. Further on in this issue we present a timeline showing the chronology of Belarus’ contemporary political, economic and cultural life. Negotiations in Kiev, between the presidents of Belarus and Ukraine, Alexander Lukashenko and Viktor Yanukovych, included discussion on border demarcation, joint steps towards Eurasian integration, the expansion of economic collaboration and production co-operation, and the establishment of joint ventures and enterprises in the sphere of agro-machine-building. Read more in New Countdown. Belarus is ready for constructive cooperation with its closest neighbours, as well as with those separated by distance. Really, geographical obstacles count for nothing, as the recent visit of the President of Laos, Choummaly Sayasone, revealed. New facets of co-operation exist between our two countries, with dynamically developing South East Asia becoming ever more attractive for investors and trade partners. Laos is no exception in the region, with annual growth rates exceeding 10 percent in some industries. Laos boasts major deposits of gold, copper and potash ore while being interested in Belarus’ industrial and agricultural potential. It is keen to buy our machinery, food products and medications. Laos supports Belarus’ aspiration to join the World Trade Organisation,

as you can read in Moving Towards Each Other, which is dedicated to the expansion of liaisons between Belarus and Laos. During his first official visit to Minsk, President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro assured the President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko, that Belarus and Venezuela will soon elaborate a new ‘road map’ for bilateral relations. The meeting

at Brest Fortress recalled how the Great Patriotic War began. Language of Mutual Understanding and Words and Memories are dedicated to this topic. On a different note, people once believed that the human soul resided in our hair. Secrets of Life explores this topic, providing fresh information from Belarusian scientists. Strength and Power looks at why the Mogilev Region is focusing on developing alternative power engineering. Sometimes, our authors generate interesting parallels. One recalls the story of famous Baron Munchhausen shooting a deer with a cherry stone shot from a gun, inspiring a cherry sapling to sprout from the deer’s forehead. By strange coincidence, the Baron and cherries are closely connected with the small town of Glubokoe in the Vitebsk Region. His grave is found in ancient Koptevskoe cemetery, its cross bearing the inscription: ‘Ferdinand u. Wilhelmina von Münchhausen’. The tastiest and sweetest cherries are thought to grow in this district centre of Belarus — perhaps thanks to Baron Münchhausen hunting. In spring, the streets of Glubokoe are filled with beautiful, snowwhite blooms, while the summer brings a great cherry harvest. Glubokoe residents have decided to make the cherry their symbol, organising their first Cherry Festival in July 2013. Read more in Festival with Cherry Aroma. I wish you pleasant reading!

Distinctive features

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tackled the whole range of BelarusianVenezuelan relations, including tradeeconomic and political collaboration. Mr. Lukashenko underlined that Belarus hopes to build upon the foundations laid during the presidency of Hugo Chávez, as you can discover in Expressive Accents, which explores the history of Belarusian-Venezuelan relations. Me a n w h i l e , t h e B e l a r u s i a n Ambassador to Vietnam, H.E. Mr. Valery Sadokho, tells us about the successful promotion of Belarusian interests in South East Asia: Path to Strategic Partnership. The 15th World Congress of Russian Press proved itself a venue for professional communication, allowing discussion of burning issues of media development. On June 22nd, at 4am, those gathered

BY Viktor Kharkov

CELEBRATION

Symbol of unity State Flag Square opens in Minsk

Speech by President of Belarus at opening of State Flag Square Dear countrymen! On the eve of our major holiday — Independence Day — we’re unveiling State Flag Square. Within a few minutes, a red and green flag will fly 70m into the sky, symbolising our sovereignty and freedom: things craved by Belarusians over many centuries.

Vitaliy Gil

n the evening of June 2nd, State Flag Square was solemnly opened, proceeded by the Flourish, Belarus concert programme, attended by senior government officials and representatives of state administrative bodies and local authorities. Also in attendance were delegations from across the regions, and representatives of Minsk’s educational establishments, labour groups, trade unions, public associations, religious confessions, creative unions, veterans of the Armed Forces and representatives of diplomatic missions and international organisations. The event was broadcast by major Belarusian TV channels. State Flag Square is located in Minsk’s Pobediteley Avenue: a 50m radius circle connected with the major facade of the BelExpo Exhibition Centre via a 24m wide staircase. Seven granite stelas bearing the coat of arms of the regions and of the city of Minsk are situated along its walkway, while symmetrically placed columns stand either side of the staircase, bearing the words of the State Anthem and a picture of Belarus’ geographic map. A 70m pole carries a 14x7m flag. The square will host festive events for the Day of the State Coat of Arms and the State Flag of the Republic of Belarus, as well as civil-patriotic events and visits by official delegations from foreign states. The square will also become a tourist attraction, listed by the Minsk City Executive Committee as among the sites suitable for guests of the capital.

The road towards Belarusian statehood has been thorny and challenging. Only in the 20th century did we receive the chance to define our identity. The Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic became the first step towards independence and a foundation on which to build a sovereign Belarus. The BSSR, a UN founding member, adopted its red and green flag in 1951, emphasising the state’s unique identity and independence. For millions of Belarusians, the state symbols of the BSSR embody Belarus’ achievements during the Soviet period.

This is why, in the 1995 referendum, Belarusians chose their current flag, coat of arms and anthem. These symbols reflect the unbreakable bonds between the country’s past and present. The state flag of the Republic of Belarus is an integral part of our past and present. Its red colour stands for the courage of those who fought and bled to defend their freedom. The green represents life and hope, and the colour of our woods, meadows and fields; it is testimony to the peaceful and hardworking nature of Belarusians. The white page

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CELEBRATION

holiday

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stripe with ornamentation symbolises our purity and moral values. For almost two decades, Belarus has been developing dynamically, establishing itself within the international arena under this flag. It flies over our sports victories and flutters on the highest summits and at the poles of our planet, representing our country abroad, cementing national accord and capturing the patriotic spirit of the Belarusian people. Each of us, regardless of our ethnicity, is proud to call ourselves a citizen of Belarus. The notion of being Belarusian is founded in the great spiritual unity of all those who have found a native home in our generous, beautiful and gracious land. To respect and honour our state symbols is the absolute duty and sacred responsibility of all members of this big family. Understanding of the deep historical and political meaning of the coat of arms and the flag of the Republic of Belarus, as well as knowledge of the anthem and the Constitution — the country’s fundamental law — should be held in the common mentality of Belarusians. It is imperative that we promote reverence for our state symbols, so that they are honoured in every Belarusian home as a source of national pride and patriotism. Belarusian lands have long been rich in memorable places and holy shrines: the priceless heritage of Belarusians. Meanwhile, our modern history of sovereign Belarus is a time of renovation of past monuments and construction of new sites, being a worthy contribution by our generation to the spiritual and cultural treasures of the planet. Our years of independence have been marked with the restoration of Mir and Nesvizh castles, the Bolshoi Theatre and Yanka Kupala Theatre, the Palace of the Republic and the National Library (registered among the top 100 most wonderful achievements of contemporary world architecture), as well as the magnificent Memorial Church in Honour of All Saints, unique Minsk-Arena and other landmark sites, which are the pride of the nation. We’ve constructed a whole complex in the centre of Minsk, comprising State Flag Square, Independence Palace and Ceremonial Hall. This is an eloquent symbol of our sovereignty and independence, showing the whole world that Belarus has established itself as a state looking confidently to the future. Youngsters will receive their passports on this site, under the Belarusian flag, proudly waving in the sky, while soldiers will take their military oaths here. Moreover, youngsters will be accepted into the Pioneer organisation and parents will come with their children, alongside veterans and guests from every corner of the world. I’m convinced that this complex will become the major centre of our sovereign state: a source of pride for our citizens, as well as Belarus’ calling card in the world.

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Presidential speech at Minsk garrison parade in honour of Independence Day, on 3rd July, 2013 Comrade soldiers, sergeants, warrant officers and officers! Dear veterans! Dear compatriots and visitors to Belarus! Today, we solemnly celebrate the main holiday of our country: Independence Day. The life of each person consists of fateful days and events, which become the starting point of a new stage in the history of the state and inspire joy and unification among citizens. On this day we remember the liberation of our country’s capital — Minsk Hero-City — from the Fascist invaders. This historical date, at the choice of Belarusians, has become our Independence Day,

connected intentionally to the sacred ideals of freedom and independence. Freedom cannot be gained at the stroke of a pen. Our independence came through the sacrifice of the victors, who each gave their most precious possession: their life. Their heroic deeds brought long-awaited freedom to our land. Belarus was the first to face the perfidious attack of the aggressors. The heroic resistance of our people began in the first minutes of the war, near the walls of Brest Fortress, and continued until the full repulsion of the enemy from the territory of our Motherland. During those years, Belarus suffered the biggest loss of all the USSR republics and of the states

CELEBRATION

for all times

of the anti-Hitlerite coalition. As a result of brutal genocide, the country lost a third of its population. Today, we pay a tribute of respect to the memory to those who contributed to our common victory over Fascism and to the liberation of our Motherland and the whole world from those enslavers. The new millennium has not brought calm and peace to mankind; rather, we continue to observe dictatorship in some countries, and military blocks, intervention in the internal affairs of sovereign states and displays of international terrorism. Tools of pressure include not just methods of force but economic dictates and information wars. Our country is undergoing a test of strength. However,

the unity, wisdom and determination of Belarusians have been proven more than once: any attempt to destabilise our country will have no chance. I am certain that we will stand up well to even the toughest of tests. Dear comrades! Belarus is a peaceful and open countr y. We wish all states and peoples happiness and prosperity. Friendliness and warmth are distinctive features of our national character. We are sincerely devoted to our friends and allies and are always glad to see those who are ready to work, trade and communicate with us. Our nation does not suffer from delusions of grandeur; we are ready to listen to others’ opinions and advice if this is given from the heart.

Meanwhile, we will not accept lies, hypocrisy or dictatorship. The principle position of Belarus is transparent and firm: relations should be based on openness, mutual respect and supremacy of international law. Most important to international affairs is honesty. For Belarus, this ever has been and remains the cornerstone of both internal and foreign policy. In order to ensure that no one has the inclination to test our strength, we ensure the combat readiness of the Belarusian army at the highest level –such that nobody has ever considered attacking our country. Our border should be open to all well-meaning visitors and closed to intruders and violators — whoever they may be. Peace and order are the highest values for Belarus and

the greatest asset of our people. We must ever protect them. Dear veterans! My deep gratitude goes to you for your unprecedented courage and for your great feats. You gained not only freedom and independence but gave us and following generations of Belarusians the most essential prize: you gave us life! Dear compatriots! I wish you peace, a bright tomorrow, happiness, health and well-being on this sacred day for all Belarus. Glor y to the people of Belarus, who defended the independence of the Fatherland and who act always for the sake of our Motherland’s prosperity! Congratulations! Happy I n d e p e n d e n c e D a y, d e a r compatriots! Hurrah!

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VISIT

President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko with his Ukrainian colleague Viktor Yanukovych at the solemn meeting in Kiev

New countdown Belarus and Ukraine ever closer in spheres of economics and politics

беларусь.belarus 2013

mong the topics tackled during the negotiations in Kiev, between the presidents of Belarus and Ukraine, Alexander Lukashenko and Viktor Yanukovych, were border demarcation, joint steps towards Eurasian integration, the expansion of economic collaboration, production co-operation, and the establishment of joint ventures for agricultural machine building.

Upon arrival in Kiev, Mr. Lukashenko attended the Park of Eternal Glory, where the most valiant and tragic pages of Ukrainian history are marked. The Belarusian President laid a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, while honouring the memory of Holocaust victims. Since independence for Belarus and Ukraine, our relations have been respectful and constructive, showing

VISIT the wisdom of living peaceably with neighbours. High level contacts between Minsk and Kiev have helped to expand economic ties between business circles, making Ukraine Belarus’ third largest trade partner. For Ukraine, Belarus ranks fourth (after Russia, China and Germany). Moreover, Minsk boasts a stable foreign trade surplus with Kiev. Last year, our mutual turnover reached a record $8bn, with Belarusian exports accounting for $5.6bn. Over a hundred commodity distribution networks are functioning in Ukraine, promoting our produce within the neighbouring market. Their number is constantly growing and positive dynamics are evident in many other spheres, including that of Eurasian integration, in which Minsk is playing an important role. Naturally, discussion of Belarusian-Ukrainian relations was high on the agenda during Mr. Lukashenko’s visit to Kiev.

Integration “There’s a lot of talk today about the Single Economic Space and the position of Ukraine. Once again, I’d like to stress our common position with Russia and Kazakhstan: we’d very much like to see Ukraine join the Single Economic Space and the Eurasian Union,” said the Belarusian leader, after negotiations with his Ukrainian colleague. Mr. Lukashenko added, “There is nothing extraordinary about Ukraine being engaged in talks with the EU. Russia is discussing a new agreement with the European Union, as is Kazakhstan, and Ukraine,” noted Mr. Lukashenko. “However, we wouldn’t want Ukraine to sign any agreement with another organisation if this would deter it from integrating into the Single Economic Space and the future Eurasian Economic Union.” Mr. Yanukovych noted that the Customs Union was formed without Ukraine’s membership and has since moved forward greatly. He now believes that it’s necessary to create instruments to allow Ukraine to join the

Customs Union and the first step was taken on May 31st, in Minsk, when a memorandum was signed on intensified interaction between Ukraine and the Eurasian Economic Commission. “This decision is dictated exclusively by the economic interests of Ukraine and traditional relations between Customs Union states and Ukraine,” underlined Mr. Yanukovych.

Border issues As part of Mr. Lukashenko’s official visit to Ukraine, a protocol was signed on the exchange of instruments to ratify the Belarus-Ukraine state border agreement, signed on May 12th, 1997, which launched the demarcation our shared border. Mr. Yanukovych is keen to see the process completed speedily, to promote inter-regional border interaction.

Mutual trade During his extended talks with B elarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, Ukrainian President Victor Yanukovych noted that his country is keen to see Belarus join the WTO as soon as possible. Speaking about bilateral trade, Mr. Yanukovych stressed that Belarus and Ukraine boast significant, yet unfulfilled, potential. Mr. Lukashenko responded that our countries have moved on from simple trade, embracing the creation of joint enterprises, and emphasised that Belarus is ready to set up more such joint ventures in Ukraine, taking part in agricultural revival programmes: supplying agricultural machinery and establishing modern joint agro-enterprises. Mr. Lukashenko believes it advantageous for Belarus and Ukraine to collaborate in the sphere of road, railway and sea transportation. He noted that he and Mr. Yanukovych have agreed to activate advanced ties in the sphere of production co-operation, developing joint ventures for agricultural machine building and the production of urban passenger transport. He also underlined that energy interaction is a priority, with joint plans to train experts for the nuclear

power industry: especially topical for Belarus, in view of its first nuclear power station being soon launched. Mr. Lukashenko believes that interregional contacts have great potential and is keen to reinforce existing partnership ties between Belarusian regions and the 24 regions of Ukraine, as well as with the Crimea, Kiev and Sevastopol. Interaction in the cultural and humanitarian spheres was the second most important topic during negotiations, with Ukraine hosting the Days of Belarusian Culture in 2014, followed by Belarus welcoming the Days of Ukrainian Culture in 2015. The President of Belarus noted constructive and open dialogue with his Ukrainian colleague on a wide range of bilateral issues.

Bilateral prospects Many points of coincidence exist, as Mr. Yanukovych emphasised to journalists, speaking about modernisation being essential for both our nations. Talks tackled a major revival programme for Ukrainian agriculture, following in Belarus’ footsteps. Naturally, Belarus is ready to offer its expertise and technology, as well as its transit potential, to Ukraine. Mutually beneficial projects are being developed, alongside trans-border trade in electricity and oil, and transportation of goods between the ports of the Black and Baltic seas. There are great opportunities for logistics ventures and, of course, we need to shift from simple trade to closer production collaboration. A range of existing enterprises are keen to promote logistics and business circles on both sides are eager to collaborate. The presidents also noted their intention to encourage militarytechnical liaisons, charging their governments to develop definite projects. In Kiev, Mr. Lukashenko met the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada, Vladimir Rybak, whose comments echoed those of his president. By Vasily Kharitonov

2013 беларусь.belarus

RAPPROCHEMENT

movement towards each other Belarus keen to expand co-operation with Laos

aos President Choum maly Sayasone’s official v isit to B el ar us has brought new aspects of collaboration between our two states. Dynamically developing South East Asia is becoming ever more attractive to investors and trade partners and Laos is no exception; its annual growth rates exceed 10 percent. Moreover, Laos boasts major deposits of gold, copper and potash ore. Our Asian partner is interested in Belarus’ industrial and agricultural potential, being keen to buy our machinery, food products and medications. “Belarusian companies and the Belarusian economy as a whole have a strong interest in creating a presence in Laos,” noted the Head of the Belarusian state. “We strongly hope that we can work together, through our joint ventures in Laos, to trade freely across this vast region.” The Belarusian President added that Laos is one of the richest countries for mineral resources. “We’re ready to assist you in investigating underground and, if there’s interest, we can help you

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to extract your mineral deposits,” said Mr. Lukashenko. B elarus is ready to deliver equipment to Laos, with particular application to the development of

Belarus and Laos signed a treaty on friendly relations and co-operation, in addition to inter-governmental agreements: on visa-free trips for holders of diplomatic and service passports; on

Belarus is determined to do all it can to promote bilateral trade and intensify political and diplomatic contacts

agriculture. As far as military and technical co-operation is concerned, B elarus can secure supplies and provide repair services for old Soviet equipment remaining in Laos. According to Mr. Sayasone, negotiations focused on the expansion of interaction in the trade-economic sphere, as well as activating contacts between local authorities, and mutual support within the international arena and between our parliaments.

the promotion and mutual protection of investments; on avoiding double taxation and preventing income tax evasion; and on sci-tech and educational co-operation. In their joint statement, the presidents underlined their common approach towards global problems, while speaking in favour of forming a fair international order. Moreover, they expressed their refusal to accept any attempt to interfere with the internal

RAPPROCHEMENT fruit. In future, we must enhance cooperation between our two countries.” He also invited Mr. Lukashenko to make an official visit to Laos. The world draws ever closer, with distance becoming less of a barrier to liaisons in this age of globalisation. Distances can be covered quickly while information technologies completely remove borders. States separated by thousands of kilometres are now developing mutually beneficial collaboration. The official visit of t he L a o d el e g at i on , headed by its President Choummaly Sayasone, was very intensive, with the high guest attending the Council of the Republic which discussed ways of development of inter-parliamentary interaction. Then Mr. Sayasone visited Minsk Automobile Works and attended the exhibition of MAZ truck and passenger technique, as well as the enterprise’s major automobile assembly line where he got acquainted with the production of vehicles which Vientiane is already purchasing. The Head of Laos also visited Dzerzhinsky agrocombine and took part in the unveiling ceremony of the State Flag Square while watching the parade which marked the Day of Independence.

President of Laos Choummaly Sayasone

By Vasily Kharitonov

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affairs of sovereign states. Laos also supports Belarus’ aspiration to join the World Trade Organisation. The President of Laos made his first official visit to our country twenty years ago yet our trade turnover remains modest, although next year marks the 20th anniversary of bilateral diplomatic relations. Negotiations have revealed several points of coincidence, with our two sides demonstrating political will to develop business interaction: the determining factor in implementing joint projects in various spheres. Mr. Lukashenko stressed that the treaty should inspire mutual collaboration across all areas — from humanitarian to political. His Laotian colleague agreed. The treaty covers science and education, military-technical cooperation and industrial liaisons. Moreover, Belarus is ready to supply Laos with various technologies and is keen to set up joint ventures. Naturally, the training of experts is also essential, as Mr. Lukashenko noted, explaining, “Projects won’t be implemented if you lack enough specialists. You’re right to pay serious attention to training personnel in the sphere of humanitarian collaboration. Belarus will provide any assistance in training military and civil specialists.” Partnerships are likely to develop diversely, with Belarus hoping for constructive and efficient co-operation. Mr. Lukashenko added, “The structure of our economies is complementary, creating a good basis for business cooperation. Although we have some experience in certain areas of co-operation, we are early in our journey and have much to achieve in moving our relations to the highest level — as we enjoy with the states neighbouring Laos. Belarus is determined to do all it can to promote bilateral trade and intensify political and diplomatic contacts.” Mr. Sayasone expressed confidence in our future relations, saying, “We enjoyed substantial talks and shared our opinions. The meeting took place in a friendly atmosphere and yielded good

2013 беларусь.belarus

PLANS

Expressive accents Belarus and Venezuela soon to elaborate new 'road map' of bilateral relations

President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro

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he first official visit of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro to Minsk saw wide-ranging negotiations on a range of issues relating to BelarusianVenezuelan liaisons. Trade, economic and political co-operation were on the agenda, with Mr. Lukashenko discussing joint projects and promising areas of co-operation. President Lukashenko stressed that Belarus is ready for further BelarusianVenezuelan co-operation, following on from the achievements seen during Hugo Chávez’s presidency. “We’ve already established friendly relations — not only with our common

PLANS friend, who is sadly not with us today, but with you — the closest and among the most trusted persons known to Hugo Chávez,” Mr. Lukashenko noted, welcoming Nicolás Maduro. “We hope and are absolutely certain that the policy carried out by yourself and Hugo Chávez will continue. Not only myself and the leadership of Belarus but all Belarusian people associate you with Chávez’s policy,” underlined Mr. Lukashenko. The President of Belarus also noted that relations with Venezuela already have firm foundations, making their further extension logical and natural. He added, “I’m sure that, in memory of that great person, you and I will do our best to carry out everything once thought and dreamt about by him. We regard Nicolás Maduro’s first official visit as acknowledgement of our countries’ course of strategic partnership. We felt this during today's negotiations and are determined to implement ever ything previously planned.” The President of Belarus emphasised that the incumbent President of Venezuela took part in all negotiations and arrangements during Hugo Chávez’s presidency. “Therefore, he knows perfectly all the problems of Belarusian-Venezuelan relations and the issues which need to be solved. He directly participated in the foundation of our relations,” said the President, adding that the President of Venezuela gave his people a global task of economic diversification and modernisation. “We can give essential support and take part in this enormous historical process,” Mr. Lukashenko asserted. The Belarusian President stressed that he sees Venezuela as a gateway to Latin America in general and to specific states. “Our plan was determined during Chávez’s presidency and I’m grateful to the President of Venezuela for his promised support in that area. We’d like to co-operate with Venezuela economically, trading with

We regard Nicolás Maduro’s first official visit as acknowledgement of our countries’ course of strategic partnership. We felt this during today's negotiations and are determined to implement everything previously planned

the larger states of Latin America,” he explained. “Venezuela has always supported us in hard times: selflessly, in friendship and despite its own problems. I’ve promised the President of Venezuela that Belarusians won’t leave such favours unanswered. Everything that we can do at the present time and that is interesting to Venezuela, we should transfer to Venezuelan territory. Importantly, we must train Venezuelan specialists.” President Lukashenko added that Belarus highly appreciates its friendship with Venezuela: one of the most influential and authoritative states in Latin America. “We have much in common, including an identical attitude towards international problems. In recent years, we’ve managed to create a strong foundation for our relations,” he asserted. He underlined that official visits are not just a matter of protocol but bring concrete results. He admits that, while much has been achieved, a great deal more is possible. “We’ve decided that we should e n h a n c e t h e d y n a m i s m of o u r relations, revisiting areas which remain problematic and developing a new ‘road map’ for our relations,” Mr. Lukashenko commented. He also added that the sides have agreed that on 4 August at the latest a BelarusianVenezuelan joint commission will sit in Minsk to work out concrete

proposals regarding the ‘road map’ and then the proposals will be submitted for consideration of the presidents of Belarus and Venezuela. The Belarusian Head of State remarked that the implementation of this programme will be closely monitored by the two presidents. “The revision of our relations, the development of a ‘road map’ for the future, as well as strict fulfilment of its measures and control by the presidents — all of it was suggested by the President of Venezuela,” added Mr. Lukashenko. Mr. Maduro noted the timing of his visit, which took place on the main state holiday in Belarus: Independence Day. "We’ve confirmed brotherly relations between Belarus and Venezuela and will elaborate a ‘road map’ based upon friendship and co-operation,” said the President of Venezuela. He emphasised that the strong relationship nurtured by Alexander Lukashenko and Hugo Chávez was based on friendship and that his task is to build upon this, ensuring that previous arrangements with Belarus are met. He commented, “The late President Chávez was a man of ideas and a major supporter of strengthening co-operation with Belarus in many spheres. We are now entering a new phase, of new successes. You can count on us as devoted friends and followers of Hugo Chávez.” By Vladimir Khromov

2013 беларусь.belarus

PARTNERSHIP

iplomats from Ukraine, Finland, C r o a t i a , M o n t e negro, B osnia and Herzegovina, Switzerland, Egypt, the Republic of Korea, Ne p a l, T hai l and and New Zealand have presented their credentials to the Head of the Belarusian state. “It’s very symbolical that your responsible mission starts on the eve of our major state holiday — the Day of Independence. July 3rd is a sacred date for Belarusians marking the liberation of Minsk from Hitler occupation which has become a symbol of independence of the Belarusian state. Historical memory about firmness and heroism of our nation in the struggle against fascism and about countless victims brought to the altar of the Great Victory has united people while determining world outlook principles and moral values of the nation,” noted Mr. Lukashenko while addressing the diplomats. “Respect for the right of each nation to choose its own way of development, peacefulness and solidarity, alongside mutual understanding and collaboration, non-admission of dictation and unfairness are fundamental principles which are the basis of our life. These form Belarus’ approaches in international relations while determining the foreign policy course of our young and sovereign state. Therefore, it’s not accidental that Belarus enjoys deserved reputation of a donor of regional and global security,” added the President. Mr. Lukashenko also mentioned activation of business life and the appearance of new spheres of mutual interests. “We’re keen to expand contacts in various corners of the planet and to acquire new friends and partners. However, we especially value those whom we trust and co-operate while boasting good traditions of friendly relationships,” underlined the President. Mr. Lukashenko found words for each of new ambassadors. The tonality of communication towards the Ukrainian

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diplomat Ivan Barbalich could be easily guessed taking into account the results of the recent official visit of the Belarusian President to this state. “First of all, I’d like to emphasise our strong determination to foster ties with Ukraine — our closest neighbour and a very reliable partner. My recent official visit to Ukraine again confirmed our mutual engagement and commitment of our governments to constructively solve burning issues,” Mr. Lukashenko stated.

“We have many common points of coincidence, as well as an objective mutual interest in expanding cooperation across a number of areas. We’d like to raise Finnish investments and technologies in such promising areas as power engineering, woodworking, machine building, construction and the banking sector,” the President said. He also noted that the existing contacts fall short of the real needs of the two countries.

Aspiration to do more On accepting credentials from foreign ambassadors, President Alexander Lukashenko noted that Belarus has chosen the multi-vector course of its foreign policy and tries to form solid relations — based on mutually beneficial co-operation and friendship with foreign partners “We agree with each other that we need to promote the political dialogue, boost economic ties and intensify the entire spectrum of the interstate cooperation. We should take into consideration new large-scale integration processes going on in the former Soviet Union republics,” the Head of State believes. Mr. Lukashenko noted that Belarus maintains an unwavering focus on collaboration with European countries. In particular, Belarus counts on deeper investment co-operation with Finland and Switzerland. Finland is a key trade-economic partner for Belarus in North Europe.

Mr. Lukashenko confirmed that Belarus is interested in a full-fledged cooperation with Switzerland. “In recent years, business collaboration between our countries received a new impetus. A number of Swiss investment projects are being implemented in Belarus. Let the success of these projects contribute to the intensification of our contacts. We need to move forward. Promising co-operation areas include industry, science and innovations, financial ties, culture and tourism,” the Belarusian Head of State added. S p e a k i n g a b o u t i nt e r a c t i o n with Switzerland, the Head of State mentioned a joint venture to produce

PARTNERSHIP example of collaboration, we need to look for new projects. There are a lot of them, especially in the context of the modernisation programme that is underway in our country,” Mr. Lukashenko said. According to the President, Belarus is closely watching the events in Egypt and views the country as one of the key partners in North Africa, as well as an active and influential participant in the process of resolving the thorny regional problems. “I hope that by joint efforts

find even more areas of common interest and opportunities for co-operation during the dialogue,” the Head of State emphasised. Mr. Lukashenko stressed that an important vector of the Belarusian foreign policy in the region is the development of relations with Thailand. “Last year, Thailand was our biggest foreign trade partner in the region. We still have a huge untapped potential for closer collaboration, including in machine

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electric trains and trams in Belarus as a successful example. Belarus views Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro as promising partners in the Balkan region. “Your countries’ commitment to close integration with the European Union should never be an obstacle for the development of mutually beneficial cooperation with our state. We are ready for expansion of relations in the areas of mutual interest and for enhancement

Ambassadors of foreign countries are ready to serve for the benefit of international co-operation with Belarus

of the level of contacts,” asserted Mr. Lukashenko. The Head of State stressed that Belarus and the Republic of Korea have always sought to engage in a constructive dialogue. Information technology has become this year’s new theme of the bilateral dialogue. Belarusian government bodies have started a large-scale work together with South Korean partners on the implementation of the e-government project in Belarus. “I hope that our co-operation in the field of information technology will be longterm. Indeed, e-government is just one of many innovative areas that are of great interest to us. Being guided by this

we will be able not only to restore the previous level of bilateral ties, but also to go further, extending the scope of our trade and economic interaction,” the Head of State stressed. Mr. Lukashenko said that Belarus has been steadily increasing its presence in South East Asia, Australia and Oceania. “Staying committed to the selected course, we have been consistent in building up a constructive dialogue with every state of the region, among which is New Zealand. We have no disagreements that can hinder the development of trade-economic co-operation. We have issues of shared interest, particularly agriculture. I’m confident we will

building, agriculture, IT and electronic industry,” the Head of the Belarusian state said. Addressing the diplomats, the President said that at the beginning of their work in Belarus they will be convinced that Belarus is sincerely committed to respectful and constructive dialogue. “On behalf of Belarusian partners you will see commitment to constructive and productive joint work and readiness to resolve any urgent issues. Let relations with the countries that you represent become a good example of friendship and genuine business partnership,” Mr. Lukashenko wished. By Vasily Kharitonov

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Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Belarus to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Valery Sadokho, analyses successful promotion of Belarus’ interests in South-East Asia

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Path to strategic partnership

ear Mr. Amba s sador, recent toplevel visits — such as that of Vietnamese PM Ng uyễn Tấn Dũng — demon strate that our two states are enjoying a new standard of liaisons. Vietnam is not just friendly towards Belarus (as in Soviet times) but is an important strategic partner. Do you consider strengthening co-operation with this Asian-Pacific state to be a major focus for Belarus’ foreign policy? What advantages may result? Belarus is known for its multivector foreign political and economic

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policy. Developing co-operation with countries in the ‘far arc’ is among its priorities; the progressive advancement of relations with Vietnam is a key element in realising this policy, since Vietnam offers a foothold for promoting Belarusian interests in South-East Asia. As you know, the country is a member of ASEAN: among the world’s largest blocks. It has a population of 600 million, GDP of $2.1tr, over $2tr of foreign trade annually and sustainable economic growth. Belarus’ economic interests in this region are evident, so it’s to our advantage to nurture good relations with Vietnam. Gaining prominence in South-East Asia, this nation is one of

Belarus’ major partners in the region. We are delighted that, after 20 years of diplomatic relations, our states continue to build upon their friendly and allied relations — based on trust, mutual support and respect. Happily, Belarusian-Vietnamese relations are developing dynamically. We conduct regular top-level political talks, while rendering significant assistance to each other within the international arena. Our turnover is also growing each year. With this in mind, strengthening Belarusian-Vietnamese co-operation is an important achievement of Belarusian foreign policy. The Vietnamese PM’s visit to our country in May, and the character of talks, confirmed once more that our

POSSIBILITIES OF CO-OPERATION two states’ heads are keen to promote strategic partnership. 2014 should see a free trade agreement signed between Customs Union members (Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia). Why has such a ‘young’ integration union invited Vietnam to co-operate? What prospects does this ‘global international project’ open — as Mikhail Myasnikovich has named the hypothetic free trade zone of the Customs Union and Vietnam? Economic globalisation necessitates free trade, to avoid protectionism. Vietnam is a member of the WTO and ASEAN, actively promoting foreign trade liberalisation. Hanoi is already conducting talks on free trade agreements with the EU (three rounds have taken place so far) and with the Customs Union (one round). Belarus enjoys a positive foreign trade balance with Vietnam and ASEAN but many Belarusian exporters would like to see trade with Vietnam and other South-East Asian states simplified. They believe that Chinese rivals have significant advantages within this market, as a result of ACFTA (a free trade zone between China and ASEAN), which was established in 2010. For instance, Belshina JSC pays a fee of 20-40 percent when selling in SouthEast Asia. Meanwhile, Chinese, Korean and Indian manufacturers export their tyre products without duties, as part of the free trade agreement with ASEAN. A similar situation is observed for exported Belarusian machinery. After a detailed study of the feasibility of a free trade agreement between the Customs Union and Vietnam, the heads of Belarus, Kazakhstan

and Russia decided to launch talks in late 2012. In March 2013, Hanoi hosted the first round of these talks, run in a friendly and constructive atmosphere. The next round is to take place in Moscow this summer and Minsk will probably host the third round in September, with Vietnam organising the fourth in December. The establishment of a free trade zone between the Customs Union and Vietnam should inspire serious growth for Belarusian exports across SouthEast Asia. The advantages will include free movement of goods, simplified technical regulations and sanitary controls, modern labour regulation, investment co-operation and the chance of bidding for state project tenders. In signing a free trade agreement with Vietnam, Belarus will be able to integrate into ASEAN: the largest economic block worldwide. Vietnam can, in turn, expand into the Custom’s Union. Belarusian PM Mikhail Myasnikovich’s comment on the strategic significance of this ‘global international project’ is certainly appropriate. During the Vietnamese PM’s visit to Belarus, various trade-economic cooperative issues were tackled. Which are most important and promising?

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

3x Over the past five years, our turnover has almost tripled, reaching around $185m in 2012

Vietnam is a member of ASEAN: among the world’s largest blocks. It has a population of 600 million, GDP of $2.1tr, over $2tr of foreign trade annually and sustainable economic growth

Trade and economics were the focus of those talks, as we have issues to discuss. Over the past five years, our turnover has almost tripled, reaching around $185m in 2012. Steady growth in mutual trade is, in my view, the result of our Belarusian and Vietnamese economies being complementary. In particular, Belarus is interested in expanding sales of potash fertilisers, trucks, quarry vehicles, large sized tyres, engines, metals, high-tech products and food to Vietnam. All these products have already gained a reputation there. Meanwhile, Belarus is keen to import such Vietnamese items as seafood products, rice, nuts, medicines, tobacco, coffee, spices, vegetables, tropical fruits and caoutchouc (Indian page rubber).

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50 % The USA

Despite our g r o w i n g bilateral trade, volumes remain modest: far less than our potential. Accordingly, new mechanisms of co-operation were discussed during the visit. Joint projects and industrial collaboration might be the way forward. In particular, the expansion of MAZ tr uck ass embly in Vietnam was high on the agenda: Belarusian engines, tractors and agricultural machinery could all be assembled in Vietnam, while joint facilities for the production of dairy goods and complex fertilisers could be set up (using Belarusian raw materials and technologies). We could also see joint military-technical projects. Joint facilities for processing traditional Vietnamese products in Belarus could become a key avenue of cooperation: producing coffee, seafood, or sewn goods. Discussed during the PM’s visit, alongside possible joint mining of mineral deposits in Vietnam and third countries, this would help realise some untapped potential. Light industry also holds many opportunities. Vietnam has been using the latest clothes sewing technologies to make its mark on the global market. Over the past 10-15 years, its clothes production has reached a whole new level regarding quality. Over 2,000 sewing factories operate, alongside a host of smaller workshops, mostly exporting their produce. In 2012, the country sold almost $24bn of textiles, footwear and haberdashery abroad. Vietnam is host to the factories of several famous clothing companies — from Germany, Canada, Italy and other states: Adidas, Nike, Gucci, Valentino, Hugo Boss, Calvin Klein, Parkson, Benetton and Mango. Various Western states place their sewing orders in Vietnam, knowing that they’ll receive high quality clothes, which can be sold in Europe at high prices.

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Export diversification and the mastering of new sales markets should be a top priority for Belarusian exporters — even where traditional sales markets are healthy. With this in mind, our Embassy is rendering all possible assistance to Belarusian exporters in solving this goal. As I’ve noted, we are working hard to expand existing assembly facilities and to open new ones, alongside new sales outlets. Since 2012, MAZ JSC has operated a dealership in Hanoi, in addition to a stand within the Belarus-Vietnam Trading House. Belgorkhimprom JSC and the Meat-Milk Company JSC may soon also open representations. As part of our efforts to support export diversification, in 2012, we raised the number of different export goods to Vietnam to 79 (up from 62). Delivery of 33 new products was launched, including milk whey, medicines, children’s foods and meat products. Last year, our exports to Vietnam were worth $156.1m; Belarus enjoyed a positive trade balance of $127.6m. Since 2007, Belarusian sales to this country have more than tripled. Since 2011 (when our Embassy was accredited to Vietnam’s neighbouring states of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand), we’ve significantly enhanced the dynamics of our dialogue. The heads of these states have confirmed their interest in establishing and developing constructive co-operation along a wide range of issues. Already, results are evident. In 2012, our sales to Cambodia, Laos and Thailand rose: $77.2m of Belarusian produce was exported to Thailand, $11.1m to Laos, and $1.8m to Cambodia. Belarusian exporters aim to gain a strong foothold on these rapidly expanding markets. Belarus’ number one priority now is to ensure innovative development for its economy. Is Vietnam interesting in this respect? Meanwhile, are the

25 % European Union 10 %

Japan

The USA was the largest buyer, accounting for almost 50 percent of all Vietnamese light industry exports last year. Among its other major importers are the EU (buying over 25 percent), Japan (around 10 percent), Korea, Canada, Russia and Australia. In fact, this year, Vietnamese capital has now opened a sewing enterprise in the Vitebsk Region; next year, it should be ready to export its produce to third states. Vietnamese technologies may soon be used widely by Belarusian sewing factories to enhance competitiveness and raise export volumes. Vietnam’s economic potential is huge. Each year, it assembles around 100,000 cars, 5 million motorcycles and 10,000 tractors. In 2012, it exported over $20bn of electronic products, mobile phones and telecommunication equipment — including sales worth over $1.2bn to Russia. Export growth via the establish ment of assembly facilities, represen tations and trading houses abroad is an important element of Belarus’ e conomi c st rate g y. How i s the Belarusian Embassy to Hanoi tackling the task of diversifying export sales and re-orientation to non-traditional markets across South-East Asia? Is this region an alternative to Belarus’ usual global markets?

POSSIBILITIES OF CO-OPERATION

In 2013, Vietnamese capital has now opened a sewing enterprise in the Vitebsk Region; next year, it should be ready to export its produce to third states. Vietnamese technologies may soon be used widely by Belarusian sewing factories to enhance competitiveness and raise export volumes

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Vietnamese interested in Belarus’ scitech potential? To promote exchange and international use of knowledge, Belarusian and Vietnamese scientific organisations have signed corresponding agreements. One relates to scientific co-operation between Belarus’ National Academy of Sciences and Vietnam’s Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), creating a joint centre to develop industrial technologies in the spheres of machine and tool building, energy and chemical production. Another agreement covers cooperation between the Belarusian NAS Republican Centre for Technology Transfer and Innovation and the VAST Centre for Training, Consulting and Technology Transfer. The VAST Energy Institute and the Belarusian National Technological University have signed an agreement and there are many more. The aim is to ensure that the latest innovations find real commercial application. Mr. Ambassador, have you ever come across Vietnamese heads who have studied in the Soviet Union — including in Minsk? Does this play a role in promoting economic contacts with Vietnam or is it a level playing field between Belarusian companies and Western rivals? I’ve met and spoken to those who were educated in the USSR. The younger generation prefers to study in the more highly developed Asian states or in the West but many of today’s top managers received their education at Soviet universities — including those in Belarus. Until recently, three Vietnamese ministers were alumni of Belarusian universities. Not long ago, two retired but Cao Duc Phat, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, studied in our country. He spoke warmly of Belarus, being thankful to our country for providing him with such knowledge, which enabled him to achieve much professional success. He always helps promote Vietnamese-Belarusian collaboration.

Attracting Vietnamese students to Belarusian universities is significant on many levels since alumni eventually tend to connect their professional or business activity with Belarus. We have plenty of examples of businessmen having studied in Belarus or in the former USSR, being able to speak Russian. Accordingly, it’s extremely important to encourage Vietnamese students into the Belarusian educational system. As regards competition, historically, our states enjoy close and friendly ties, which is an indisputable advantage in promoting Belarusian economic interests in Vietnam. Meanwhile,

Vietnam is a member of the WTO, ASEAN and other integration associations; to some extent, it is dependent on foreign financial aid and investments from donor-states, so it is pragmatic in its trade-economic relations with foreign partners. Belarusian produce faces serious competition in gaining a foothold on the Vietnamese market, so we must diversify sales to be able to rival exporters from China, Japan and Korea. This is possible if Belarusian exporters apply new approaches. An aggressive, well-planned foreign trade policy is needed to secure a long-term niche on this page market.

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Belarus is known for its multi-vector foreign political and economic policy. Developing co-operation with countries in the ‘far arc’ is among its priorities; the progressive advancement of relations with Vietnam is a key element in realising this policy, since Vietnam offers a foothold for promoting Belarusian interests in South-East Asia

What role does ‘folk diplomacy’ play and how does Vietnam’s historical experience influence its modern inter national liaisons? The country expe rienced one of the largest military conflicts of the late 20th century, in which we shared the same side ‘of the barricades’… Vietnam is a special example in South-East Asia of the potential for ‘folk diplomacy’ since so many Vietnamese people formerly studied in the USSR and Belarus. Each city and enterprise has people who studied in the USSR and they all express gratitude to the former Soviet republics — including Belarus. Vietnamese people also value the help rendered by the USSR in the fight against American aggression. Vietnam’s Defence Ministry invites Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian

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According to the results of 2012 Belarusian export to Vietnam reached $156.1m. Export to Cambodia, Laos, Thailand has also significantly risen. Our export to Thailand reached $77.2m, to Laos — $11.1m, to Cambodia — $1.8m. Nowadays the main goal of Belarusian exporters is to build their business on these broad and fast-growing markets.

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veterans who served in Vietnam twice annually, when they are welcomed by the President, the Defence Minister and members of the Government. They tour modern Vietnam and always spend time recuperating at Vietnam’s best sea resorts. It might seem strange but the Vietnamese have translated the best Soviet cartoon songs into their language. Melodies familiar to all of us are regularly broadcast on local TV and radio and are performed at festivals. At present, many of those who attended Soviet universities — including those in Belarus — hold key positions

Vietnam

156.1 Thailand

77.2 Laos

11.1 1.8

Cambodia

relating to trade, aiding our economic co-operation. ‘Folk diplomacy’ is based on these elements. Belarusian tourist companies have been inviting our citizens to travel to Vietnam. What surprises await us? In 2012, around 7 million tourists visited Vietnam; in the first four months of 2013 alone, the country welcomed just under 2.5 million tourists. Every year, the number of holidaymakers grows. People are attracted by the perpetual warmth of the sea and the country’s endless beaches; Vietnam’s coast extends over 3,000km. There are modern tourist complexes, good quality services, fresh and diverse seafood products, exotic fruits and Vietnamese cuisine (able to satisfy all tastes). Importantly, local prices are affordable. Last year, a huge number of Russians visited Vietnam: over 170,000 (up 71.5 percent on 2011), thanks to direct flights from Moscow, Khabarovsk and Vladivostok to Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, Nha Trang and Da Nang. The number of Belarusian tourists is growing as well — through Russian and domestic tour operators. The Vietnamese are a friendly nation, welcoming citizens from former Soviet states warmly. The country has a low level of crime and lacks terrorist threats or natural disasters. Vietnam has opened its doors broadly to Belarus and we plan to use every opportunity to promote our economic, political and cultural co-operation, while strengthening our traditional, friendly, interpersonal contacts.

Ambitious plans Belarus and Riyada Holding launch joint projects, including supply of Belarusian technology to Persian Gulf region

resident Alexander Lukashenko recently met Shaikha Dheya bint Ebrahim Al-Khalifa, the President of the Riyada Group of Companies, whose first visit to Belarus took place in 2007. During talks, the two confirmed mutual interest in developing collaboration, echoing the thoughts of the last meeting, hosted by Singapore in March. “Some time has passed and we’ve begun moving in the necessar y direction. Now, we’re considering how to tackle the supply of our technology beyond Belarusian borders,” noted Mr. Lukashenko. He added that Belarus is ready for close and fruitful co-operation in all spheres covered at the Singapore

meeting. “If you meet us halfway, we can begin work.” He noted the importance of the Riyada Pal Awali joint venture being already established in Bahrain. “I know that a joint company has been already registered in the Persian Gulf, which is keen to deliver our technology, under lease, to the region — probably, to Africa and Saudi Arabia,” he underlined. Mr. Lukashenko emphasised that proposals in other areas are being studied, including to supply milk and heavyduty dump trucks. “We’ve very ambitious plans and, if all goes to plan, should see a real breakthrough.” Shaikha Dheya bint Ebrahim AlKhalifa noted, “We’re delighted to have created a joint venture.” She praises Belarusian specialists, saying, “We’re pleased with their professionalism and level of expertise.” She commented on a number of other joint projects which have already been launched. Riyada Group is involved in diverse projects in the spheres of oil and gas extraction and the processing and

 Favourable situation won’t go unnoticed Belarus improves Global Peace Index ranking

his year, Belarus is ranked 96th (out of 162 countries) in the Global Peace Index — up from 109th place (out of 158 states) a year ago. Experts note t hat t his improve ment is promoted by a fall in crime levels in Belarus. Tu rk me n ist an o c c upi e s 1 0 3 rd place, Ukraine is 111th, Tajikistan is ranked 118th and Russia occupies 155th place.

According to researchers, the least peaceful countries are problematic Afghanistan (ranked 162nd), Somalia (161st) and Syria (160th), with the

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Projects and news

President of the Riyada Group of Companies Shaikha Dheya bint Ebrahim Al-Khalifa

extraction of mineral fertilisers. It also constructs social infrastructure and railway lines and offers financial, insurance and consulting services across the Persian Gulf and Middle East. By Veniamin Mikheev

last seeing the greatest fall in ranking in the history of the Peace Index. Europe remains the most peaceful region (as last year), being home to 13 countries among the top twenty. Iceland is recognised as the most peaceful, followed by Denmark and New Zealand. Over the last six years, there has been a 5 percent fall in the overall Global Peace Index, which uses 23 criteria spread across three major groups. Peace loving countries score low, with the presence and scale of conflict, the level of stability and security inside the country and militarisation levels all contributing to the ranking. By Valentin Sergeev

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Alexander Stadub

he World Congress of Russian Press is a traditional annual meeting of the heads of Russianlanguage media, aimed at discussing topical issues in the Russian-language information space, as well as how best to preserve the use of the Russian language: the fourth most-spoken language globally. This year, the forum took place in Belarus, attended by more than 200 representatives of the Russian diaspora, from approximately 60 countries: editorsin-chief, publishers and leading journalists abroad. “This is a high respect for Belarus, an appreciation of how does the Russian language is treated in your country”, said Mr. Ignatenko, who heads the World Association of Russian Press. The 15th World C ongress of Russian Press was organised by the World Association of Russian Press and BELTA News Agency with the assistance of ITAR-TASS News Agency in Russia, the Ministry of Information, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other state administration bodies of Belarus. Meanwhile, President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko participated in the plenary meeting, which took place at the National library. Journalists from 300 media outlets took part, covering newspapers, magazines, news agencies, web-based media, TV channels, and national and regional radio broadcasting. The meeting was attended by state and public figures of Russia, and representatives of Belarusian state administration authorities alongside students and academics from the Institute of Journalism of the Belarusian State University. “Belarus is often criticised for absence of free speech but it’s ridiculous to do so when we have free access to the Internet. Those who make such comments are usually hypocritical, knowing that no country offers absolute freedom. Media sources not dependent

Language of mutual understanding 15th World Congress of Russian Press hosted by Minsk and Brest on their government voice the views of their individual owner, or their advertisers, or pander to the whims of the public. Meanwhile, articles express the

personal misunderstandings, emotions and delusions of the journalist responsible,” asserted President Lukashenko, addressing the media.

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Participants of the World Congress of the Russian Press during breaks between meetings

Mr. Lu kashen ko b elie ves no universal formula exists to ensure objectivity, noting, “Even countries which are proud of their centuries-old traditions of free speech occasionally have scandals exposing the seamy side of the modern media. We’re constantly observing information juggling, illegal wiretapping, ordered publications, and

the manipulation of public opinion by global media corporations.” According to the President, our electronic era has aggravated such problems, often leading to confusion among the public, despite their initial delight. He noted, “Mankind’s access to hitherto unknown possibilities for instant information exchange has

Word and thought have been recorded in various ways through history, from ancient papyrus to modern computers, but the sense and content remain the essence

simultaneously lowered the quality of journalism, as well as journalists' sense of responsibility. Previously, newspapers were responsible for every word written, so they checked facts and supported a minimum level of conscientiousness. Now, it’s unclear whom we can trust and where facts end, becoming gossip. Impressive ‘scoops’ can appear to be falsehoods on closer examination — not even tomorrow but in half an hour. Strange as it may seem, this phenomenon has a positive side [since it will teach the public to be cautious]. Disappointment in sub-standard information will encourage demand for high-quality, intelligent and authentic journalism.” According to the President, print publications are not yet in danger of going out of business, despite the popularity of the Internet, since many editions have simply acquired an on-line presence. “This once again confirms the simple fact that language is at the heart of all matters. It has always been the case and, most likely, will be so in the future. Word and thought have been recorded in various ways through history, from ancient papyrus to modern computers, but the sense and content remain the essence,” he emphasised. Mr. Lukashenko underlined that it’s too early to speak about the ‘disappearance’ of journalists, publishers and editors. “Thanks to the Internet, anyone can become a ‘journalist’, sharing their views on anything. This does not mean that they all enjoy a large readership or success or recognition. Professional skills, despite technical innovations, remain rare, while genuine stories must be researched through hard work and mental strain. The future of the media in all its forms remains in your hands: talented, fair and dedicated.” He added that, in ignoring ethics, the economy may gradually transform into a parasitic and inefficient system. “In our country, we’ve refrained from adopting the precepts of individualism, as embodied in the free market philosophy of page

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 Dialogue without interpreters Belarus hosts first such journalistic forum  The National Library welcomed famous media personalities recently, as Mikhail G u s m a n n o t e s. The ITAR-TASS First Deputy Director General and Secretary of the World Association of Russian Press admits his pride in Minsk having hosted the 15th World Congress of Russian Press. “I think it’s purely unfair that Minsk is hosting only for the first time this year. I’m very grateful to President Alexander Lukashenko, to whom we appealed,

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survival of the fittest. Kindness, respect for humanity and assistance to the weak are the highest Christian ideals, which inspired Russian civilisation. These are the basis of the Belarusian social and economic model.” Mr. Lukashenko explained Belarus’ refusal to adopt radical reform which could have brought disaster to hundreds of thousands of people. “Our society is based on principles of solidarity and mutual assistance, rejoicing not only in the success of the strong, but supporting the weak and protecting the poor.” He underlined that justice is vital, saying, “We’ve never supported equality in poverty but we accept only those riches maintained by honest living, personal diligence and talent, not those earned through blind fate, fraud or robbery.” “You won’t find a huge divide between the rich and the poor in Belarus; nor will you see property stolen from people. We’ve always understood that an economic system based on deception is unsustainable. Those whose wealth is unearned won’t

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use it correctly — unlike that which you earn through hard work and talent,” he added, noting that Belarusian statehood and its model of development comprises special spiritual values and cultural achievements — as given

to mankind through Russian civilisation. “Solidarity and justice are the two keywords describing our principles,” the Head of State underlined. Addressing the World Congress of Russian Press, Mr. Lukashenko stressed

with our Belarusian colleagues, asking for Minsk to host. I’m confident that the event will be viewed as a success. The press faces many challenges in our modern world, so such meetings bring particular benefits,” he noted.

S o p h i a Tabarovskaya, Editor-in-Chief of We, Texas and R u s s i a ra d i o programme (Houston, USA), tells us: “It was especially interesting to me to visit Minsk, because many WWII veterans now live in Houston. They came from Belarus, battling Fascism, and still hold their military friendships sacred. Vladimir Zhebrakov, the Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the 120th Division Artillery Regiment, from Minsk, now lives in Houston, as does former soldier Vladimir Shaikind. Mr. Zhebrakov is very active, often sending us letters. We regularly publish pieces written by veterans in the Russian Houston Today newspaper, especially on the eve of May 9th.” Some guests were visiting Minsk for the first time while others felt quite ‘at home’.

 “We didn’t see even the smallest of disagreements or misunderstandings,” commented Belarus’ Alexander Klein, ITAR-TASS Deputy Director General and Executive Director of the World Association of Russian Press. “We shouldn’t forget that we have a shared past. It’s no accident that the forum coincided with our commemorative celebrations, marking the start of the Great Patriotic War and our common victory,” he added.

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Minsk forum didn’t disappoint its participants

that, in spite of representing very different countries and their publications expressing different views, all the present shared the desire to promote the great, rich and wise Russian language. “This language creates a unique spiritual space,

embracing millions of people across all corners of our planet,” said the President. He emphasised that the Russian language receives special treatment in Belarus, adding that our peaceful, friendly and stable nation has no desire

 Dauren Diyarov, Director of Kazinform News Agency, noted that this had been his tenth visit, saying: “Weliaisecloselywith our colleagues at BELTA News Agency. I’ve been to Minsk, as well as to Grodno, Brest and Lida. When you meet your colleagues from all over the world, you learn something new, including seeing the latest innovations. Of course, we’ve been talking about digitisation. I believe that the future is in electronic formats — but that’s some way off yet. I think paper newspapers will remain popular for some time. The Internet is great for disseminating information but has fewer analytical and entertaining components. Crossword puzzles, for example, don’t sit well online.” All journalists are aware that information taken from media sources differs

greatly from personal impressions; objectivity is important.  Elina Gusa tinskaya, Editor-in-Chief of Spektr newspaper (Finland), notes: “This is the first time I’ve been to Minsk, although I’ve been taking part in Russian press congresses since 1999. My impressions of Minsk are very good, as people are so friendly. If they spot us looking lost, they come over to help us. The city is green and you see a lot of youngsters and creativity. There’s a cycling café and a Garazh café. It’s great to gain an understanding of your country with my own eyes.”  Irina Ivanova, Editor-in-Chief of Russian Emirates magazine, says:

to oppress anyone for their language. “I remember the barrage of accusations from local radical-nationalists when I pointed out that Russian is a native language for Belarusians, rather than a foreign one: it is the common heritage of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. I remain convinced. The Russian language created great Russian culture and is the property of many, used to express Russian culture and the legacy of Russian civilisation in the broadest sense. We can say that we all belong to this language.” Alexander Zhukov, the First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, added that the preservation of Slavic unification is vital, adding that he thought Mr. Lukashenko’s speech ‘very impressive’, tackling ‘the preservation of culture and language, as well as the unification of Slavic people’ which he believes to be ‘very important’. He views the Russian language as a means for Eurasian integration, noting, “Language is a means of communication. Nothing brings people together as effectively as a common language.” By Veniamin Khromov

“Everything in Belarus is a new discovery for me, although it’s not the first time that I’ve taken part in journalistic congresses. There are always new ideas and new people.” All those who took part in the Minsk forum surely return home with new ideas and impressions. One of the most memorable may be their recall of the night of June 22nd, when guests attended a requiem dedicated to the first days of the Great Patriotic War. This solemn and mournful ceremony is held each year, at Brest Fortress, at the dawn hour of 4.00am, when hostilities first began.

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Belta

CONGRESS

Participants of the World Congress of the Russian Press laid flowers near the Eternal Flame at the Brest Fortress

Words and memories The 15th World Congress of Russian Press — hosted by Belarus for the first time recently — gathered participants from 60 states. All were eager to discuss professional matters, with editors, publishers and journalists focused on our common history. Meeting at Brest Fortress in the early hours of June 22nd, they commemorated the start of the Great Patriotic War…

ournalists arrived in Brest from Minsk on the evening of June 21st: in 1941, the last peaceful day. In Sovetskaya Street, a gramophone played music of the time, while people promenaded in 1940s dress. At 4am, commemorative events began by the Terespol Gates, with the programme continuing at Ceremonial Square. It later finished by the fortress’ Northern Gates. Addressing delegates on the evening before, the President of Belarus stressed that the gathering would be of special significance. He views Brest as a sacred site we all should visit: an idea echoed by the Russian President’s address, read by the Head of the World Association of the Russian Press, Vitaly Ignatenko. The message reads: ‘It’s deeply symbolical that this year the World Association of the Russian Press organises the forum in Belarusian glorified cities of Minsk and Brest. On Belarusian land, in the June days of 72 years ago, Belarusian people stood in the breach. All peoples of the USSR endured the hardest trials together, holding out in that struggle until they won the most severe war of the 20th century. The feat of the Brest Fortress defenders will remain among the most heroic pages of the

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Great Patriotic War: a symbol of courage and invincible will. I would underline that treasuring a sacred memory of those years is our common duty and responsibility. The role of the media in giving impartial coverage and opposing all attempts to distort the historic truth cannot be overestimated’. Mr. Ignatenko also spoke in the Brest Fortress, thanking Brest residents for the memories they cherish. He emphasised, “It’s here that we can gain an understanding of what’s needed to live a worthy life. Despite the tragic and dramatic events on this site 72 years ago, the future victory was founded in those June days at Brest Fortress. We won by standing united and through strength of spirit. My colleagues have all been influenced by the war theme in some way so, on behalf of them all, I’d like to express extensive gratitude to the Belarusian nation and to Brest residents for the memory they have tenderly cherished for so many decades.” This year, the organisers supplemented the traditional ceremony with a piano recital at sunrise near the Terespol Gates; famous Belarusian Brest-born pianist Rostislav Krimer performed Schumann’s Arabesque and two etudes by Chopin. Mr. Krimer’s performance was divided into three themes: peace, invasion and requiem. To this musical accompaniment, soldiers from Brest’s border guard division floated wreaths into the Zapadny Bug River — as is traditional. Many of those present could not help tears escaping. At 5am, Kobrin fortification hosted a military-historical reconstruction involving around 1,500 members of militaryhistorical clubs from various countries, who recreated the defence of the Eastern Fort (commanded by Piotr Gavrilov). The event included discussions on the development of a single Russian language media space, hosted by the Belovezhskaya Pushcha, where guests were invited to the nature museum, Father Frost’s residence and Viskuli (where the Soviet Union’s dissolution was officially agreed). The Russian language is familiar to all Belarusians, as are the Russian people, Russian journalism and Russian mentality. By Valentina Kozlovich

PAST AND PRESENT

Tree of life May 9th is Victory Day while July 3rd marks Minsk’s Liberation Day and Belarus’ major state holiday: Independence Day...

very year, May and July are times to recall the past, which has shaped today’s Belarus. Of course, the past is a living part of our present and the holiday is always filled with joy and celebration as well as somber remembrances.

Commemorative photographs Time marches on, leaving fewer war veterans each year. Of course, every meeting with the victors of those cruel and bloody war years is valuable. Our silverhaired heroes continue to impress us with their inner strength and ability to enjoy the simplest pleasures in life: a feature our modern generation can learn from. This year, Gomel solemnly welcomed veterans, inviting a silent drill platoon and cadets, who honoured the Great Patriotic War heroes. The elderly people bowed and smiled in thanks. Forty veterans had the strength to attend, inspiring the Chairman of the Regional Executive Committee, Vladimir Dvornik, to comment sadly, “Fewer veterans remain: around 4,000 in this region. Accordingly, the authorities aim to know each one and to do everything possible to make

is 95; he participated in the war from the very beginning, as a tank brigade commander, helping liberate Belarus and Europe. He remains in good shape and smiles while explaining, “I head my local health club and follow simple yet efficient principles: reasonable physical exercise, healthy eating, medicinal herbs and walks in the forest.” Another veteran — Alexander Ignatovich, from Mozyr — remains in high spirits. The former infantry lieutenant celebrated the original Victory in the Czech Republic and credits his agility with having his birthday on May 9th. “I’m only 90 — not very old!” he muses. Vi c tor Kov a l e v, f rom Bu d a Koshelevo, a former communication detachment commander gives me his ‘Canon’ camera, asking, “Please, photograph me alongside my comrades. You need to turn it on here and then zoom. The camera was a gift for my birthday. I mastered it at the age of 85. Photography has become my hobby and I never part with the camera now. I find something new in our life each day. Believe me, ordinary peaceful life is true happiness.” In Gomel, veterans and young people have planted an avenue of Victory in the city’s central park, comprising wild ash trees. People use to say that trees are equal to souls: on planting a tree, you give new life.

Soldier Pukalev returns from frontline

Viktor Kovalev, from Buda-Kosheleva, a former communication detachment commander

their life comfortable. They continue to enrich our lives, setting an example for how to live and work. Their deeds will live on for centuries.” All the attending veterans were aged over 80 but you would hardly guess so when they start speaking. Ilya Mikhalko, from the Mozyr District,

Not long ago, a Kruykovichi villager (from the Gomel Region’s Kalinkovichi District) found a Great Patriotic War soldier’s medal in the local forest. It belonged to Konstantin Pukalev, from the Kaluga Region’s village of Loshevo. Since May 1943, he had been registered as missing and his relatives knew nothing of where he had died. The villager realised the medal was from wartime so did not open the black octagon. Rather, he called the Kalinkovichi military-patriotic branch of Poisk (Search). The club is well known in the region, headed by Yevgeny Sergienko. page

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PAST AND PRESENT

Despite years of experience, he was much impressed with the find. “Medals are rarely found these days; we’ve had few of the kind for some time, despite serious battles having taken place in the Kalinkovichi District. Not only the case is in good condition but the soldier’s papers,” he explains. The medal was then sent to experts and the Ministry of Defence’s 52nd specialised searching battalion was informed of the find, leading to them locating the soldier’s remains in Kryukovichi Forest. The papers revealed his name and Mr. Sergienko joined volunteers in studying archives to find the soldier’s relatives. “Konstantin Pukalev was called up for military service in July 1941, at the age of 19. According to documents, he was a common gunner and, before death, was serving with a tank brigade. Interestingly, Konstantin is mentioned in the Kaluga Region’s Memory Book. Until recently, he had no marked grave but this will soon be rectified,” notes Mr. Sergienko. The remains have since been reburied in a fraternal grave for those killed during the Great Patriotic War. Another name has been moved from obscurity to eternity.

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Matching crepe silk capes were in vogue for those who could afford them. Men’s military dress uniforms, with triangular enamel buttons went on show beside the women’s wear. Minsk’s Anna Kostrenkova, a secondary school teacher, donated most of the collection, having been interested in war memorabilia since childhood. She also has many photos and, three years ago, attended a reconstruction of Ukrainian Odessa’s liberation. Anna was so impressed with the show that she decided to collect 20th century costumes, finding early 20th century dresses in her grandmother’s trunk. “I’m especially interested in the period around WWII* so my collection has been formed from my personal purchases, as well as presented exhibits. I bought some outfits online and some from diverse jumble sales,” she explains. Household items, decorations and old photos create a backdrop for the

costumes and Anna notes that pre-war empty powder boxes and perfume bottles — which she acquired incidentally — are of major interest; a factory-made late 19th century wedding dress is the oldest exhibit. “My grandmother inherited it from her great-grandmother and wore it for her own marriage,” notes Ms. Kostrenkova. Anna is truly inspired by reviving the past. She keeps her collection at home but plans to equip a separate room for her fashionable 1930s-1940s rarities, while adding new finds. She takes part in diverse historical reconstructions, works with archives and meets people who once sewed or wore old costumes. Unsurprisingly, her pupils are fascinated. By Violetta Dralyuk *

WWII began in 1939 and ended on May 9th, 1945: now known as Victory Day.

Wa r i s b l o o d , d e a t h , g u n p o w d e r, l o s s e s a n d victories. However, it’s also life, feelings and emotions — as cannot be denied. Many details concerning the war are coming to light and, recently, Gomel hosted an unusual exhibition of 1940s ladies’ fashion. Far from being grey and banal — despite the challenges of the time — the dresses worn by Soviet women over 60 years ago included light chintz and airy crepe-de-chine, with spotted motifs particularly popular. Dresses of 1940s ladies’ fashion from the collection of Minsk citizen Anna Kostrenkova

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Violeta Dralyuk

Between lines

NEWS

Belarus and World Bank sign agreement for US$90m energy efficiency loan

number of projects are to be funded from the loan, enhancing energy efficiency in heat and power generation (similar to those being

 Photos from orbit Belarus and Russia using joint venture to sell satellite photos

ussia’s VNIIEM C orporation (Research and Production C or p or at i on Sp a c e Mon itor i ng Systems, Information and Control and Electromechanical Complexes) signed a memorandum in mid-June, in French Le Bourget, with the Belarusian National Academy of Sciences’ Geoinformation Systems enterprise. The director of Geoinformation Systems, Sergey Zolotoy, tells us, “A joint venture will allow us to apply Russian experience to the distribution of materials from the Belarusian satellite, across Russian and foreign markets for space technology and services.” At present, the Belarusian-Russian integrated space system includes the Russian satellite Canopus-B and the Belarusian Space Apparatus (BKA). These photograph the Earth’s surface to within 2m accuracy, across a range of 20km. Another Belarusian satellite and two Russian are soon to be launched. Belarus launched its remote Earth sensing satellite in July 2012 from Baikonur cosmodrome (Kazakhstan), allowing complete coverage of Belarus from space. The data has many applications domestically and can be sold abroad to generate revenue. The Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation of Nepal is already among those having purchased data.

implemented with an initial $125m loan approved in 2009).

Controlling spending A guide to children’s cash cards

arents give their children pocket money: usually small sums sufficient for a week or a few days. This allows them to control their child’s spending and the child learns to plan a budget. Of course, a situation may arise where money is needed unexpectedly so the latest solution is for children to have their own ‘cash cards’: another step towards adulthood. Only some banks in Belarus are offering the service, as additional cards on existing adult accounts: BelInvestBank is among them. Naturally, the main account holder (the parent) can set limits on their child’s card and can also receive SMS-notifications for each transaction. Limits can be set for the type of transaction, country where they are permitted, maximum spend and frequency of use, with cards able to withdraw cash from ATMs or be used for purchases, topping up mobile phones or paying for Internet services. Cards can even be used for remote banking. Children as young as 6 may be given a card: valid for five years. The Head of Card Services at BelInvestBank’s CardCentre,

The current World Bank investment lending portfolio in Belarus includes five projects, worth a total of $547.5m. Since Belarus joined the World Bank in 1992, commitments to the country have totalled almost a billion US Dollars, across 13 projects. In addition, grant financing of $23.7m has been provided to about 30 programmes, including those with civil society organisations. Nat a li a Kudr yavts e va, tel ls us, “Convenience and safety for children’s cards are among the advantages. Cards are much safer than cash since they can be blocked if lost, safeguarding parents’ money. Children can learn to use a pay card easily; there is plenty of information online to help them, as well as advertisements. Certainly, it’s a way to teach financial literacy and independence: drawing out cash from a machine, paying for purchases in shops, and using remote banking services.” By Sergey Vasilyev

Vadim Kondrashov

 Old and new loans

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RESEARCH

Secrets of life Hair follicles are latest source of stem cells 28

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eople once believed that the human soul resided in a person’s hair. They later abandoned this assumption but it turns out that they were close to the truth, since our hair roots or follicles contain stem cells, which can be used to ‘repair’ any organ of the body. Unlike bone marrow, funicular or adipose tissue — powerful factories for stem cells — hair follicles are like tiny laboratories manufacturing ‘base’ cells. Volumes are small but, of course,

FACT harvesting them is far easier! Bone marrow puncture is known to be painful and extremely invasive. The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, has spent five years developing methods of collecting and replicating human stem cells from hair follicles, explains Nina Balashenko, a junior research officer at the Institute. “The approach enables us to cultivate cell cultures from a small amount of initial material, for use in regenerative medicine: healing trophic ulcers and other skin diseases and restoring skin after burns and injuries.” Naturally, the body has the best chance of accepting cells when they originate from its own direct source, rather than from relatives. She cont inues, “We are now conducting a series of experiments to discover whether these cells are secure and whether they can be ‘specialised’ to suit particular needs. Caution is vital, since stem cells are like cancer cells in some respects, making them more likely to become malignant than ordinary cells. We need to be able to guarantee that this won’t happen.” Leading research officer Oleg Kvitko adds, “In order to cultivate and differentiate cells, allowing them to be used for particular tissues, we need to use chemical agents: growth drivers and other additives. This is costly, so we’ve

been seeking affordable alternatives and have found some interesting solutions.” The results remain largely theoretical rather than applied but the next set of tests should prove the turning point. The ‘Tsitomir’ computer’s thermoregulatory box reveals the secrets of cells, with the help of a microscope and computer video system. Mr. Kvitko designed the prototype to monitor live cells, building it in the laborator y from improvised materials. An industrial prototype has since been created jointly with the Planar Optoelectronic Systems enterprise, involving colleagues from the Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Works were conducted as part of the Standards and Scientific Devices state sci-tech programme. The Belarusian ‘Tsitomir’ is many times cheaper and more compact than its foreign rivals, while ensuring a higher quality of research, thanks to the original methods of cell cultivation developed by geneticists. At the time of my visit, it was researching a cell culture in automatic mode; of course, the picture looked static but playback of the video showed the cells dividing, growing, dying, moving and responding to influence and change. T h e t e c h n o l o g y i s a l l ow i n g Belarusian geneticists to construct a genealogical tree of cells — unique globally — following their life over long periods of time, generation after generation. By Dmitry Sergeev

Science has found out that hair roots or follicles contain stem cells, which can be used to “repair” any organ of the body

Bandaging materials meet European standards Mogilev’s Lenta JSC to produce medical bandages with silver ions

“A

fter starting industrial production of bandaging materials in 2010, we’ve expanded our range to over 20 varieties. One such innovation is medical bandages with silver ions,” notes Director General Sergey Petrov. The new bandages may be applied to wounds of all types and boast a range of advantages, being impregnated with a solution of silver nanoparticles. Of course, silver is known for its anti-bacterial characteristics. It also deters fungal infections and is odourless and non-toxic. “ The innovation has been successfully tested in medical institutions so we’re now launching it on the domestic market, while studying how best to export to neighbouring states,” adds Mr. Petrov. He underlines that the new bandaging materials manufactured by Lenta meet European standards and come in various widths and structures, for particular purposes. Their ‘pulled-in’ edge avoids the ends penetrating the wound while being easy to reel out and use. In addition, the bandages allow wounds to ‘breathe’, and are comfortable and highly absorbent.

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PROJECTS

Strength and power

Mogilev Region relies on development of alternative energy

he wind turbines which appeared a couple of years ago near the regional centre immediately attracted attention, being an unusual sight in Belarus. Installed by Mogilev Tycoon Enterprise, they are saving the company money.

Wind savings! The director of the business, Sergey Sergievich, tells us, “We are pioneers in developing wind power in the Dnieper Region, having installed our first wind turbine near the village of Zhukovo, in the Mogilev District, two years ago. Today, we have eight, with the most recent being even more powerful.” Mr. Sergievich studied mountains of literature and the experience of Western colleagues before making his decision. He also researched wind patterns locally and found that the Mogilev Region has plenty of this natural resource, being similar to Germany, where (as in the rest of Europe) wind turbines have been long used successfully. Some months are more productive than others, with last December generating the most power

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PROJECTS so far. This electricity fully supplies Mogilevenergo but Mr. Sergievich won’t reveal how long it will take for the turbines to ‘pay for themselves’. He doesn’t want to give his competitors too much information! Naturally, we can assume that the turbines are a good long-term investment. In fact, the company has also installed solar panels nearby, since there is enough sun in Belarus to make this worthwhile. Tycoon is now planning to build a solar module station in Bykhov, on the site of a former military airfield.

biogas units — to at least provide for their own needs.

Biogas fuel

Tomorrow begins today

One of the leading agricultural enterprises in the Mogilev Region and nationally is Rassvet co-operative, in the Kirov District. At the end of last year, it launched Belarus’ largest biogas unit, processing agricultural waste into energy. Ideally, the amount of electricity produced is enough not only for this district but, partially, for those nearby. “We’re generating Br2.5bn per month from the sale of electricity,” notes the Chairman of Rassvet, Alexander Bagel. “Plus, we cover all the needs of our agricultural enterprise.” Its greenhouses require a considerable amount of energy, as do the grain drying systems. The Chairman of the Mogilev Region Executive Committee, Piotr Rudnik, stresses that other businesses should follow this model, building smaller

“The prospects of alternative energy are obvious,” emphasises the Head of Energy and Fuel, on the Mogilev Region Executive Committee, Nikolay Yurkov. He adds, “Across the region, a lot is being done to develop this sphere.” Triple company’s major investment project to install wind turbines is on the cards, using Siemens equipment, in the Gorki and Mstislavl districts. Each site is to have eight wind turbines, producing 20 megawatts of electricity. All together, three sites are to launch, producing 60 MW. Using large-scale equipment, as in Europe, it will reduce the area needed for wind turbines. Land comes at a price. “By creating a detailed map of wind patterns at each site, we are solving technical and organisational issues,” Mr. Yurkov explains. “We expect that

Looking into ecological future

working with its neighbours and international organisations and, of course, we should all be ready to share our expertise to the benefit of all. The UN is one vehicle of this movement, with five eco-projects being realised in the Republic at present, thanks to funding of $13m. Meanwhile, another five are planned — worth $20m. Most funds are allocated for projects which have undergone successful testing in other countries.

Joint international ‘green economy’ projects favourably influence environment

elarus’ ecological situation echoes that of Europe, necessitating waste recycling, the use of renewable energy sources and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Each state finds its own path, while

According to the project, the investment should pay for itself within 7–8 years, producing enough energy for about 10 districts: half of the region

our first industrial wind turbines will be launched in 2015.” According to the project, the investment should pay for itself within 7–8 years, producing enough energy for about 10 districts: half of the region. The Mogilev Region’s community services also plan to install turbines, smaller in size, alongside two mini-hydropower stations, in Mogilev and Bobruisk. Wastewater treatment facilities should also launch this year. “It’s planned to build a larger hydroelectric plant on the River Dnieper,” Mr. Yurkov admits. A solar power plant is also planned, partially funded by a Chinese nuclear power engineering company. Accordingly, a factory is being launched to make solar panels locally, at the Mogilev FEZ. By Svetlana Paramygina

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PECULIARITIES

Festival with cherry aroma Glubokoe could become Belarus’ ‘cherry capital’

ou may recall the story of famousBaronMunchhausen, who shot a deer with a gun loaded with a cherry stone. On hitting his target, a cherry tree began to grow on the deer’s head. In fact, both the baron and cherries are closely connected with the small city of Glubokoe (in the Vitebsk Region); local folklore states that the great adventurer’s grave is found in the city’s ancient Koptevskoe cemetery, marked with a cross bearing the inscription: ‘Ferdinand u. Wilhelmina von Münchhausen’. Residents are always happy to show tourists the spot. As for cherries, many are convinced that the tastiest, sweetest cherries grow in this Belarusian district centre: some joke, as a result of Munchhausen’s hunting. Glubokoe’s streets are snow white in spring, filled with beautiful cherry blossoms. Through the summer, buyers from all over the country come to buy their cherries from Glubokoe, which is considering making the cherry their local symbol. In July 2013, the first Cherry Festival was organised in the city.

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How did Glubokoe gain its cherries?

You might wonder why the tastiest cherries grow in Glubokoe; it’s not easy to give a set answer but the climate and soil must play an important role. In the early 20th century, local landlord and plant breeder Boleslav Lapyr studied agrarian science in St. Petersburg, bringing Morello seedlings from Poland. These sweet, rich, winter-hardy cherries gradually spread all over the district. The idea for the cherry festival first came about in 2012, when Glubokoe r e s i d e nt s p r e s e nt e d a proposal at the 3rd International Forum: Belarus’ Image: Time to Act (held in Minsk). The jury loved the idea and gave it second place. Interestingly, the festival’s logo was designed by Minsk’s Kryn Agency, which was earlier awarded at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. The Cherry Festival enjoyed auspicious beginnings.

Urban orchard

To prepare for the festival, a large orchard was planted in Glubokoe — covering around 1.5 hectares. Over 1,000 saplings now welcome all those coming to the city along the Polotsk highway; most were planted by local enterprises, organisations and schools but some citizens also took trees from their own gardens. The ‘Seyanets1’ cherry variety is most prominent, being especially suited to the local climate. Amateur gardener Tatiana Buren, who owns a small seedling nursery, stresses that cherry saplings aren’t easy to grow, needing as much attention as small children: including protection from both hail and hares. While 80 percent of apple trees usually strike root, just 20 percent of cherry trees grow to maturity. Ms. Buren also grows foreign varieties — including Russian ‘Gurtievka’, Western European ‘Griot Ost-Geimsky’ and

PECULIARITIES American ‘Nord Star’. This spring, when the city was preparing for the festival, high demand for seedlings was registered. As a gardener and cook, Tatiana loves to grow and bake with cherries. Her husband Vladimir, who assists at the nursery, admits that Tatiana’s cherry dumplings are excellent.

a berry. Vladimir Reshetnikov, from the Belarusian National Academy of Sciences’ Central Botanical Garden, was among those debating the issue.

Cherry beauties

It’s rather sad that cherries have such a short, summer season. Glubokoe residents and guests can Cherry paradise now admire a sculpture of a 1.5m The Cherry Festival is a cherry branch all year round delight for gourmands and however. Other artistic works sweet lovers, not only selling were presented at the Cherry the fruit but offering such Festival, themed on the delicious culinary masterpieces as fruit, created by painters, winter cherry sponge photographers and poets. cake with cream and The Cherry Queen cherry meadow pie was also crowned, — cooked by e nc ou r ag i ng qu i ck Glubokoe’s witted and clever District g irls to show Consumer that beauty S o c i e t y. can go hand in C h e r r y hand with delight dessert practical is also incredibly tasty! skills and Glubokoe’s Condensed a good Milk Factory released brain! These a themed can of cherry ‘tasty cherries’ brandy condensed certainly showed that Winter cherry sponge cake milk especially for the women have a wealth of is presented by waiter event. talents. Kristina Opyatenok For several years, Interestingly, cherries Podsvilie Distillery (located 25km from were sometimes depicted in Orthodox Glubokoe) has been making Marshan icons rather than apples — symbolising wine from local cherries. Named after the fruit of knowledge. Cherry flowers Montreal-born vintner Paskal Marshan, are also viewed as a symbol of life, who trained in Burgundy, the wine won similar to a bridal veil, being white, a silver medal at the Minsk International beautiful and airy. Those wishing Contest of Wine and Cognac Gustation: to marry tradiExpoforum. Moreover, British somme- tionally come liers have called it ‘a pure wine’ since t o G l u b o k o e’s it lacks additives or colouring agents. It reaches its 10–12 degree potency through natural fermentation. The Cherr y Festival included diverse sports competitions — such as shooting with cherry stones — at the local stadium, while professional and amateur gardeners took part in a scientific conference, which focused on deciding whether cherries are a fruit or

central square when the cherries are ready for harvest. This year’s festival closed with an award for the ‘best cherry street’ and another for the largest and tastiest cherry of the 2013 harvest. Youngsters then enjoyed a disco and businessmen discussed serious issues during an investment forum, which gathered representatives from Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Israel, France and Germany. According to Tatiana Molotovnik, a member of the Cherry Festival organising committee, Glubokoe residents learnt from foreign experience on the eve of the holiday. “We surfed the Internet to learn how similar festivals have been organised in Russia’s Vladimir, America’s Traverse City, Croatia’s Lovran and Lithuania’s Žagarė. I hope we managed to create a week of cherry paradise in Glubokoe, enabling guests to see that our city is Belarus’ true ‘cherry capital’,” she says. Glubokoe residents believe their festival could become a major tourist attraction, drawing travellers and businessmen to the region. By Sergey Golesnik

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Society

Alexander Ruzhechka

Budget hotels gain increasing popularity among tourists

Hostel employee shows Minsk map to a guest

Attractive lights of hostels

t ’s n o t enough to simply promote our national sights if we wish to see large numbers of tourists come to Belarus. Rather, accommodation needs to be affordable. Accordingly, budget priced hostels are opening, offering rooms for two or for larger groups, at a cost of around $20 per night. Indeed, how many can afford a ‘fourstar’ hotel just to look at Mir Castle or

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the National Library? Will all the fans at the World Championship-2014 find an affordable bed for the night? It’s unlikely that every second fan is a Rockefeller. The first hostel opened in Minsk in 2011 and there are now eight in the capital,

with one more found in Vitebsk. Of course, more are needed, as the Director of the Tourism Department of the Belarusian Sports and Tourism Ministry, Vadim Karmazin, emphasises. He tells us, “Belarus needs two and three-star hotels and hostels, otherwise individual tourism won’t develop — only package holidays. Hostels are still a novelty to us so, like all new things, it takes time for them to find their way.” The Director of the first B e l a r u s i a n Po s t o y a l e t s Economy Hotel, Dmitr y Narkevich, decided long ago to open a second but has spent a long time trying to find a suitable location. Naturally, hostels need to meet many of the same requirements as a hotel. In fact, those opening hostels believe that particular legislation is needed to govern their work, encouraging investment. Businesses need only modest amounts to start up but it takes time to see a profit. Mr. Narkevich explains, “It took us about $50,000 to open our hostel from scratch. With an ‘accompanying wind’ and careful marketing, it takes about two seasons to become costeffective. The main expenses are site rent and large utility bills.”

Society

Online information Directorship of 78th World Hockey Championship — to be hosted by Minsk from May 9th-25th, 2014 — announces launch of its new site

Inspection of the premises during the presentation

Belarusian hostels have been busy, despite their new status, filling up with guests when holidays, large festivals or major concerts arrive in the capital. However, they need to keep good occupancy rates the rest of time and Belarus is yet to see its tourist industry really take off. Of course, they will always attract a certain number purely on price, charging from Br87,000 per night in an eight-bed-room, up to Br500,000 for a luxury double. In comparison, the minimum price at a more upmarket hotel in the capital is Br600,000. Co-operation with travel agencies brings in guests, including those travelling in large groups of foreigners for various events in the capital. To encourage business, it’s important to have a prime location, convenient for the centre, and to offer online booking: vital for international guests. Our Belarusian hostels already offer these aspects and are being well promoted on the Internet. Each room includes free Wi-Fi Internet access, tea and coffee, and pancakes for breakfast. Of course, eight hostels won’t be sufficient for the numbers expected for the World Ice Hockey Championship, hosted by Minsk in 2014. “We aren’t relying on that niche,” stresses Lyubov

Soika, the Head of the Organisation and Development of the Hotel Industry at the Minsk City Executive Committee’s Department for Communal and Hotel Services to Population. She continues, “20,000 beds are reserved for participants and fans: at 43 hotels (in the capital of Minsk and in the Logoisk Districts), as well as in 12 university dormitories and the Student Village Complex. Existing hotels are being reconstructed and ten new Minsk hotels are being built, with another eleven at Silichi Ski Centre, Staiki Sports Complex and the Raubichi Republican Centre of Olympic Preparation for Winter Sports. By the end of year, all will be ready. The President Hotel and Garni Hotel (3 star) are already open. One of the most hotly anticipated launches is that of the second building of the Victoria Hotel, located next to the headquarters of the National Olympic Committee.” Two three-star hotels, as well as three ‘one star’ hotels are opening, with an average cost of $50 per night. Naturally, hostels with a price tag of $15 upwards won’t be without guests during the championship and, perhaps, by 2014, more such budget accommodation will have opened.

he bilingual (Russian and English) site follows the championship’s branded style, informing hockey fans of the regulations of the forthcoming sports forum in the Belarusian capital and preparations underway. Its home page contains links to the International Hockey Federation site and social network pages, as well as contacts for asking questions. Information is also given on the rules of visa free entry and luggage transportation into Belarus (for the period of the championship), as well as on hotels (with further booking

options) and ticket sales (due to be launched this September). It also provides information on Belarus, the city of Minsk and local hockey arenas. Minsk maps аnd the addresses of the largest cultural and trading centres are available, as is data on foreign currency exchange rates and weather forecasts. The site is sure to be invaluable and even features volunteer registration forms. ‘Photo’ and ‘Video’ sections feature famous hockey players (who speak of Minsk’s forthcoming hockey event). By Georgy Shablyuk

By Natalia Krupko

2013 беларусь.belarus

HOSPITABLE INVITATION

Rich table from the hosts Menu choices during Ice Hockey World Championship

and the capital is acquiring various new sports facilities and hotel accommodations. Of course, a comfortable bed for the night and fantastic ice rinks will be well remembered, but food is just as important; meanwhile, affordability and tastiness should go hand in hand.

'Fan-zones' and firstclass restaurants

2014

will see Minsk hosting the Ice Hockey World Championship for the first time, gathering fans and players from around the globe. Needless to say, Belarusians are quite impatient for the event to begin

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This year, the capital will boast a total of 175,000 square metres of retail space. Olga Yezapenkova, the Head of the Main Administration of the Consumer Market’s Public Catering Department (Minsk City Executive

Committee) notes that 10,000 catering sites are state run. Minsk Arena alone has a shopping centre with a hypermarket, a restaurant and a cafe — suitable for adults and children. During the Ice Hockey World Championship, many temporary shops, seasonal cafes and places of entertainment will spring up, expanding the servicing zone by more than 20,000 seats near Minsk-Arena and Chizhovka-Arena. The accent will be on serving snacks and drinks, as well as larger meals and, of course, selling souvenirs. Ms. Yezapenkova notes that such restaurants and cafes will particularly serve traditional

HOSPITABLE INVITATION B el ar usi an c uisine. The Aginsky, Kuchmistr and Metelitsa cafes are newly opened at the Ice Palace, with all sites aiming to offer a range of traditional dishes, to suit every taste and budget.

many traditional Belarusian dishes use dried mushrooms, fresh berries, honey and locally grown herbs to flavour them.

Loading up on pasta before each game

Top-level T h e Vi c t o r i a Hotel inside t he Stolitsa Business Centre is already fully booked for the championship, and has planned its meals in advance. It will be hosting eight ice-hockey teams, including those from Germany, England, the USA and Norway, as well as foreign fans, notes Oksana Borko, who heads catering at the hotel. Its two dining halls can seat 120 and 140, serving buffet style European and Belarusian cuisine. Naturally, sportsmen tend to prefer healthy meal choices, so their trainers have liaised with the hotel to ensure that appropriate dishes are prepared. They seem very happy with the arrangements for accommodation and the menu, which offers vegetables, fruit, fish and seafood. Belarusian carp and sturgeon feature, cooked in various ways, while those seeking heavier Belarusian cuisine won’t be disappointed by duck with apples, pork medallions in a spicy sauce or potato pancakes stuffed with salmon, caviar and mushrooms. Ms. Borko emphasises that all service and food will be of the highest level and menus will be offered in three languages: Russian, English and Belarusian. Staff are also having English lessons — with waiters and administrative staff learning tailored vocabulary.

Tasty sauces Victor Radevich, the Chairman of Board of the Belarusian Association of Cooks believes that the standard of cuisine across the capital will surprise many visitors. A campaign is underway to encourage chefs to make wider use of sauces. Recipes, gathered from far and

wide across Belarus and Europ e, are being shared, ensuring that menus are diverse and mouth-watering. A recipe book of 194 dishes, with illustrations, is to be distributed, while a similar edition is planned for tasty snacks. Of course,

Former Belarusian national hockey team player Vladimir Kopat notes that players need to be conservative in their diet. Meat, fruit and vegetables are important, as are carbohydrates before each match. Pasta is the usual meal beforehand, with athletes able to enjoy a wider range of foods on their days off, in moderation. Keeping fit in every way is essential, with nutrition playing an important role in performance. By Oksana Zaharinskaya

Not every cook wishes to share their ‘secret’ recipes but a book entitled Sauces is being launched in time for the Ice Hockey World Championship, in 2014.

Sauce from salted mushrooms and cabbage brine Ingredients: 300g jar of mushrooms in brine (ceps, aspen mushrooms, yellow mushrooms), 1 jar of cabbage in brine, ground black pepper and a bay leaf. Preparation: wash mushrooms of their brine and then boil, before chopping and placing into filtered cabbage brine, then add spices. This makes a great sauce for boiled potatoes or meat.

‘Old Slavonic’ kissel with honey Ingredients: 1kg bulb onions, 30g vinegar (9 percent), 100g honey, 65g vegetative oil, 100g water and salt and pepper to taste. Preparation: sprinkle the chopped onions with vinegar and let them draw, then lightly brown in oil in a frying pan. Dissolve honey in water and mix with the fried onions. Add salt and pepper to taste and boil until all the water has evaporated, to create a sweet sauce for poultry and meat.

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ADOUR

Life rhythms of ‘ticking symphony’ 38

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Belarusian Dzerzhinsk clockmaster uses wooden mechanisms

“E

verything is really knocking and ticking in here!” I exclaimed, on entering the living room of the master from Dzerzhinsk, Andrey Martynyuk. On the walls, rows of large wooden clocks hang, each individual in appearance. Some resemble houses; others fish or trees. Their pendulums swing, beating out a perpetual ‘ticking symphony’

ADOUR

Alive and glowing... Everything in the house is handmade from wood, bearing testimony to Andrey’s skill. There’s a cupboard with Shakespearean scenes carved upon its doors, an elegant staircase to the second floor and small, intricate tables with turned legs. Resting upon the main table are sketches, books, pieces of wood and a laptop (the only sign of modernity beside an energy-saving lamp). Even the light fitting recalls another age, being made from a decorative cartwheel. The tree outside sends dappled sunlight through the window, creating an air of mystery. We sit on a wooden sofa with a high upholstered back and Andrey lights a pipe. I can’t help but imagine us in a fairy tale. The watchmaker’s face seems illuminated with its own light and energy; it’s almost palpable. Just being in the room with him fills me with a strange sensation.

Aesthetic beauty of mechanisms “I’ve made about 50 clocks: all different. Creativity does not tolerate copies,” Andrey smiles. “One is a ‘s olar eclips e’: t he pendulum-moon covers the sundial. Often, my original ideas mutate while I’m working.” Most feature exquisite carvings; one even uses 15 types of wood! Andrey has his own milling machine for cutting complex shapes, which is computer controlled. Everything else is done by hand: every last detail and gear. Moreover, each clock keeps time accurately. As we chat, I’m a little distracted by the surrounding ticking, as if rain is beating on metal. Andrey explains that his family is also rather mesmerised at times. “Sometimes, my wife sits on the sofa and just stares at the clocks. I also do so myself, just sitting and looking; I can hardly believe that I made them.” However, while he works, Andrey tends to listen to music: rock, heavy metal or jazz, depending on his mood. Each clock was born to the accompaniment of music, which may account for the rhythms, though not synchronous, having unusual accord.

Folly has a serious ‘face’ Even as a child, the future master was impressed by wooden clocks. Almost thirty years later, he realised that he should fulfil his secret dream of making clocks, using natural

wood. His gaze is intense as he explains what drives him. Andrey notes, “If you forget your dreams, you become too serious, even plunging into apathy or despair. In the film The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, they say that most folly is performed with a serious face.” Andrey spent 15 years working as an engineer, which naturally helped him understand clock mechanisms, although he views their inner workings as the most daunting of engineering challenges. Each clock contains a piece of his soul but he admits, “In order to gain something, we must give something.” It takes determination and hard work, as he emphasises. Each clock is brought to life with his ‘blood, sweat and tears’. In fact, he jokes, accidental cuts ensure that his blood really is present in each clock!

Earning his bread Andrey is a member of the Union of Belarusian Folk Art and the Academy of Russian folk art and teaches at the Dzerzhinsk Folk Art Centre. He also makes furniture and stairs by orders, which brings in money but not spiritual satisfaction. He laments that it’s necessary to earn a living, rather than indulging in pure creativity. However, his wonderful clock-making has earned him a reputation beyond Belarus. His talent has been featured in several Russian TV documentaries, promoting another aspect of Belarusian culture.

Master and Margarita His talent has also found expression in the making of musical instruments, thanks to his wonderful violinist wife, Margaret, who teaches at a music school. His violins and cellos are the result of his muse — like Bulgakov’s heroine. It’s clear to see that he adores his wife, who he admires for having always supported him. “I know very well how lucky I am with my wife, who has never asked me to exchange my work for something earning more money.” The Master and Margarita ensemble, comprising students from musical schools, plays at city events: jazz and rock 'n' roll numbers. Andrey runs his hand affectionately over the casing of one of his violins. The wood seems warm and alive. “How can you not love to work with this?” he sighs, his eyes lighting up. It’s obvious that Andrey’s inner energy comes from his passion for creation. By Natalia Stasevich

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TRADITIONS

From ‘

a b r ‘ i l o o t ’ ’ a biyank Ivanovo children’s school of folk arts and crafts, in the Brest Region, passing secrets down the generations

he lives of our ancestors revolved around simple, practical tasks, for which tools and home-ware items were created by hand, to ease their working burden. Mixing bowls were carved from wood, as were the oak bowls in which water was carried for the sauna and the pine jugs for drinking water. If you haven’t tried mushrooms pickled in an alder barrel you’re missing out. Ivanovo is a great place to head to if you want to see traditional crafts in action. While you’re there, don’t forget to sample honey from a linden tub.

Men’s work Ivanovo’s School of Cooperage distinguished itself five years ago, when its director, Tamara Golik, and its students received a Presidential award ‘For Spiritual Revival’. Their preservation and promotion of ancient crafts is well

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recognised. Since then, a lot of water has flown down Ivanovo’s Samarovka River. Children and teachers have made many ‘biyanka’ churns, jugs, and ‘kukhlya’ and ‘kumchan’ storage containers. Ms. Golik tells me, “The water container is called an ‘ankerk’ while a ‘barilo’ is a wine jug; the small version is called a ‘bariltse’. Kvass and beer are kept in ‘kumgan’ or ‘kukhlya’ barrels ‘but bar-kumgan’ can also store wine bottles. Meanwhile, bathing ware is called lokhan and shaika.” Why is Ivanovo such a centre of craftsmanship? Why not Drogichin or Pinsk? The city was called YanovPolessky until 1939, explains Ms. Golik. “The village of Rylovichi, near Ivanovo, produced dishware for the royal court in the 16th century. Its ‘glory’ lasted almost until the end of the 20th century.” Most likely, this ancient art form would have been undeservedly forgotten, were

it not for Ivanovo Cultural Department, headed by Vladimir Shelyagovich; his passion is matched by Tamara’s husband, Vasily (an architect by education) who loves to make sour cabbage in wooden barrels and salt mushrooms in oak vats. Vasily became the first director of the local art school, later passing his mantel to Tamara. Challenges arose, since their special curriculum had to be approved by six ministries. They then installed cooper's workshops and ordered the necessary tools, made individually by Rylovichi’s Sergey Svirepa — from automobile springs. Already, 186 boys (‘bondaryata’ as they call themselves) have received diplomas. Another 63 are currently studying. The skills of this ancient craft are taught from the 7th grade and above, since certain strength is needed to wield the tools. It takes three years to learn the

TRADITIONS trade of making dishes, barrels and jugs from wood, using knowledge of science, drawing, design, painting and composition, as well as creating decorative trim. “Is it difficult?” I ask Dima Svirepa, the great-grandson of the famous cooper from Rylovichi. He shrugs his shoulders, saying, “Not now.” None of the youngsters have calloused hands, although their enthusiasm is evident. They can already make a good barrel or more difficult barilo while their simple ‘bianki’ are perfect. Ms. Golik notes that the parents of the students are delighted that their children are learning such practical skills. “Some go on to enter an art college, while others take quite different paths, but all learn to work confidently with tools and wood.” There are no girls among the students although women teach at the school. Of course, Tamara is the head teacher; Natalia Kotsevich teaches the basics of cooperage.

Tree with character The young coopers’ skills include choosing the right species of tree for each project, since various woods behave quite differently, having their own character. Aspen is best for pickling cabbage while poplar is great for

Young coopers know a lot about cooperage art

gift-spoons and lime is best for kvass and honey. Pine is suitable for dry goods and grain while dough vats use oak and pine. Oak is also perfect for pickles, bathing ware, wine barrels and cupels. Each year, the school uses 50 cubic metres of wood. It’s no problem sourcing the materials but wood can be costly. The children learn to split in a radial and tangential direction, although old masters did not use such terms. They believed that each item should be made with measurements reflecting the size of the new owner (matching their shoulder length or hand breadth for instance). It would then resonate with the body of its owner, bringing health and happiness. Mr. Svirepa told me so, when I met him a few years ago. Unfortunately, I didn’t manage to see him this time, as he’s quite frail at almost 90. He’s no longer working of course, since he lacks the strength, perseverance and patience. Reader Sergey Korsak recently sent in a letter: ‘I come from the village of Rylovichi and am a grandson, son and nephew of coopers. Unfortunately, I’m not skilled in this art myself, as it’s a true miracle to see barrels, vats and cups b eing made from split oak. The c o op e rs c an calculate the length of a circle h o o p by eye

alone, and there are 3 or 5 needed for each barrel, of different sizes. Most villagers wake at first cockcrow but those from Rylovichi awake three hours earlier. People from all over the Soviet Union used to buy those barrels, as the best oak was used, dried for 15-20 years. My uncle, Stepan Korsak, was a cooper all his life and even made souvenirs for Brezhnev and Masherov... Please, do not allow this art to die...’

Barrels not for Diogenes The items made by the students aren’t for sale, only going on display at exhibitions. The school also accepts invitations and has visited Russia, where it’s been suggested that the talented villagers set up a local workshop; barrels, tubs and butter churns should sell like hot cakes. It’s only a case of investment, since the school has a limited budget and lacks sponsors. Parents pay less than $5 fees each month. Only teachers take commercial orders, making items in their free time. However, it can take up to six months for them to complete a single piece and lessons take priority. Tamara shows me photos of the best works, saying, “The most memorable order was a cupel made from oak, for a church in Minsk. We were also given orders to make a barilo to hold 100 litres of wine, a barrel for mushrooms and b at h i ng w are. Belarusians and Russians apply for pieces.” An oak barilo with a 10 litre capacity costs about $200. It may seem expensive but the wood alone has been seasoned for three years, with boards seasoned for a further two years. It takes over a month to make the barilo. By Valentina Kozlovich

2013 беларусь.belarus

HISTORICAL PARALLELS

Brest Bible should return to Brest Around forty copies of the Brest or Radiziwill Bible have preserved worldwide. Eight of these are kept in Moscow, five — in St. Petersburg and two more are located on the Belarusian territory. Alongside private collections, the folio is also present at the Russian National Library (named after M. Saltykov-Shchedrin) in St. Petersburg, the library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, the Polish library at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, alongside the Central Scientific Library (named after Yanka Kupala) at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and at the National Library of Belarus.

eanwhile, only one book is kept in Brest — recreated in 2003 by joint effort of Professor of the Jagiellonian University and Director of the Collegium Columbinum, Wacław Walecki, and patron of arts Piotr Krolikovsky. Scientists from Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia and Poland have gathered together in Brest during the international Brest Bible — a Unique Monument of the 16th Century Culture round table discussion. I’m confident that the words ‘unique’ and ‘sensation’ haven’t been ever announced in the conference hall of the Brest HeroFortress Memorial so often. The jubilee b ook def initely deserves to be remembered after 450 years since its appearance. One of the

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reasons is that the release of its copy happened on September 4th, 1563 — earlier than the founder of the printing in Russia, Ivan Fiodorov, published his first book in the Old Church Slavonic language — Apostle. The Brest Bible contains translations made from original languages — Greek and Hebrew — into Polish. At that time, Polish was a language of eastern European Calvinists. The edition comprises of 738 pages and 14 engravings, with headpieces, vignettes and capital letters being masterfully created. There’re also comments for the texts on the margins. Engravings — The Flood, Tribes of Israel and Fountain — are considered to be masterpieces of the 16th century graphical art. The biggest (in volume) printed edition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was first (in the history of Belarusian

HISTORICAL PARALLELS book printing) accompanied by the subject index and had full leather binding with metal brackets. Today, we admire this edition, so the money paid to best artists and translators in Europe by headman and Berestie Duke, Mikolaj Radziwill Czarny, have been well spent. The Bible is a symbol of Brest, alongside the Union of Brest, the Brest Peace and the Brest Fortress. The territory of the later once housed a printing shop which printed the Old and New Testaments. But why did book appear here? There’s an opinion that it just couldn’t be released in Catholic Poland; it could be printed only in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania where various confessions existed peacefully. The international round table discussion was organised by the Brest Regional Library on the eve of the edition’s jubilee. The team, guided by Director Tamara Danilyuk, masterfully returns the lost heritage. For several years already, they’ve been conducting the Berestie Book Collections conference, involving scientists from different countries. Books return in electronic form, as no one wants to give back folios (yet). However, the library plans to purchase a copy of the Brest Bible which is estimated approximately at $30,000. We may speak only after the edition appears at antiquarian book auctions whether the librarian collection will be expanded with a 16th century original edition and when this will happen. So, it’s important to trace the situation and not to miss the moment. It’s likely that sponsors and Brest residents will help raise funds, since the Brest Bible should definitely return home. I’ve heard many times that the Brest Bible hasn’t been researched so thoroughly since the moment of its release. High level discussions investigate it as a book, as a historical monument and as a sacred edition while also studying its illustrations, printing types and its influence on other Bible editions.

Mikolaj Radziwill Czarny, Berestie Duke, is a sponsor of the Brest Bible edition. Scientists consider him to be not only a patron but also a spiritual encourager of the edition. He wanted to make the city a centre of Protestantism

Deputy Director of the Brest Regional Library, Alla Myasnyankina, promises that a collection of reports will be released, which should become a true scientific sensation. I eagerly believe the opinion of librarians. Meanwhile, the conference focused not only on the Bible. The audience hall was ‘exploded’ by the report of the Chair Head at the Brest Technical University, Anatoly Gladyshchuk. The physicist has been keen on historical investigations for a long time. He brought the branches of birch bark (according to the legend, Berestie comes from the word ‘birch bark’) and defensibly announced that the first documental mention of the city dates back to 1017 rather than 1019… Brest is a God-salvable city. In this way the settlements are called where the Bible once was released. I first heard such definition from Doctor of Historical Sciences from Ukraine, Leonid Timoshenko. This is really true. Maybe, for the sake of historical truth, it’s a compro-

mise to celebrate the city’s jubilee during two years... A Brest craftsman jumped ahead of the official opinion and offered all those wishing during the scientific forum in the fortress to mint commemorative solids and medals, dedicated to the city’s 1,000th anniversary, with their own hands. I also tried and enjoyed greatly. These magnetic coins may be fixed on refrigerators while bronze medals, marking the jubilee of the book folio, should be preserved as a numismatic rarity. There’re only fifty of these created by artist Nikolay Kuzmich, who has re-created the Cross of Yevfrosiniya Polotskaya. The author personally handed medals to the participants of the round table discussion: the first — to the Brest Regional Library and the second — to the National Library of Belarus. The reverse side of the medal contains the name of the founder: Mikolaj Radziwill Czarny. Scientists added that the Duke wasn’t merely a sponsor; he was a spiritual encourager of the edition and wanted to make the city a centre of Protestantism. Berestie headman died on May 29th, 1565. It accidentally happened so that this date came to light during the round table discussion, held on May 29th. When the forum was planned, no one oriented towards this date, yet such coincidences do occur sometimes. Unfortunately, Brest doesn’t have the street named after Radziwill but his figure is installed on the monument dedicated to the city’s millennium birthday. However, the memory of the Brest first printer Bernard Vayavudka hasn’t been commemorated but I’m sure his time will also come. The He ad of t he R are B o ok Department at the Russian National Library, Nikolay Nikolaev, mysteriously called his report ‘On the Diameter of the Jubilee Cake’. We’ve heard a philosophical answer from the scientist and an old friend of Brest: the more the cake’s diameter is, the more explored and... non-explored is the history of the Brest Bible. By Valentina Kozlovich

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NAMES

A person of wide-ranging interests Vatslav Lastovsky’s complete history of country’s literary legacy Vatslav Lastovsky (November 8, 1883 – January 23, 1938) is a Belarusian writer, public and political figure, academician, historian, philologist, director of the Belarusian State Museum. Lastovsky proved with his works: the best university for a person is a “deeply read and written in good faith book”. In spite of his fouryear primary education, Vatslav Lastovsky became a corresponding member of the Ukrainian Academy of Social Science in Prague (the Check Republic) in 1926 and an academician of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences in 1928.

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elarus’ first saint, Ye v f r o s i n i y a Polotskaya, began her service to God ‘writing books by h e r ow n h a n d’. Belarusian lands were also responsible for the first Eastern Slavonic Bible — released by Frantsisk Skorina of Polotsk. Meanwhile, in the second half of the 16th century, around a third of all editions published in Cyrillic originated here. Every monastery and church had its own library, as did magnate estates. Some (such as that owned by the Radziwills at Nesvizh) rivalled the world’s largest collections. However, centuries have passed and much of this wealth has been dispersed. Vatslav Lastovsky was the first to try and collate a list of these literary treasures, in his History of Belarusian (Krivichian) Book, published in 1926 in Kaunas. It remains a unique reference

book, being 776 pages long — recently republished in Minsk, jointly by the Mastatskaya Litaratura Publishing House and the National Librar y. Supervised by Ales Susha, the Deputy Director of the National Library, he here tells us little known facts about Vatslav Lastovsky. Last year, a monument was unveiled to Vatslav Lastovsky in his native town of Glubokoe, during its hosting of the Day of Belarusian Written Language. How did he begin his research? From 1909-1915, he worked in Vilnya, for ‘Nasha Niva’ newspaper, alongside Yanka Kupala. He prepared over 300 articles, on themes as varied as agriculture and poetry. In 1913, he wrote an address to literary men, calling for them to write works worthy of standing alongside European and world literary masterpieces — of which everyone could be proud. He disapproved of pieces bemoaning the fate of peasants.

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NAMES

He seemed misunderstood, yet found a soul mate in Maxim Bogdanovich: considered to be our best poet. Was Lastovsky a good judge of character? Lastovsky’s support led to ‘Nasha Niva’ publishing the first verses by the young Belarusian poet. Lastovsky defended Bogdanovich’s poetry from accusations of ‘barrenness’. It may sound strange today but, a hundred years ago, Bogdanovich was perceived as being too far removed from real life, f lying to romantic heights. Lastovsky compiled Bogdanovich’s only lifetime collection of verses: ‘Vyanok’ (Wreath). Later, he remembered: ‘Bogdanovich sent his manuscript to the editorial office of ‘Nasha Niva’, which contained all his verses. Some had been previously published while others were newly written. He asked that they be released as a separate book and, in 1913, money was received. I gave a drawing for the cover which slightly resembles

a wreath and decided to make an inscription on the book — ‘vyanok’ — as is my right as the publisher.’ During his work for Nasha Niva, Lastovsky prepared a series of publica tions dedicated to domestic history: A Short History of Belarus. It was released in Vilnya in 1910 as a separate book. Lastovsky wrote in the foreword: ‘History is the foundation on which the nation’s life relies. In order to build our life, we need to start from the foundations, enabling the building to be strong. Our foundations are solid, since we boast a rich history.’ When WWI broke, Lastovsky became involved in enlightening issues even more actively, as Belarusian schools were opened on territory occupied by German troops. Immediately, textbooks for these educational institutions were required, so Lastovsky helped by creating his series within a few years. Didn’t this distract Lastovsky from his research?

Yes, he was ‘div ide d’ across several fronts. In November 1918, he became a member of the Lithuanian Government, where he headed the Belarusian department and, for some time, worked as Belarusian attaché at the Lithuanian Embassy to Berlin. His greatest political achievement was his election in December 1919 to the position of Prime Minister of the Belarusian People’s Republic. In 1923, Lastovsky retired from this post, moving to Kaunas, where he turned to his research. Between 1923 and 1927, he released ‘Kryvich’ magazine, which became a true phenomenon of Belarusian cultural thought in its day. His real masterpiece during the Kaunas period was, of course, his ‘History of Belarusian (Krivichian) Book’. How authoritative was Lastovsky? Several times, he was invited to work for famous scientific and educational establishments around the world. Through American diplomats, Lastovsky received the offer of moving to the USA to head the Slavonic Department at the Chicago Library. However, in early spring 1927, he chose Minsk as his place of permanent residence, working as the Director of the Belarusian State Museum and, then, as an academic at the Belarusian Academy of Sciences. Being encyclopaedic in his interests, loving to study a wide range of Belarusian cultural aspects, he was a member of the Commission to Protect Ancient Monuments. He organised and took part in ethnographic expeditions and, in 1928, discovered the Cross of Yevfrosiniya Polotskaya, which he brought back to Minsk. What inspired his interest in book heritage? It was aroused in childhood, after arriving in St. Petersburg in 1899. He took a job as a librarian; remarkably, working in a library was also his final job, on being exiled to Saratov from Minsk during Stalin’s repressions. What brought about his legendary work on the history of page domestic literature?

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NAMES

History of Belarusian (Krivichian) Book, published in 1926 in Kaunas, hitherto remains a unique reference book. 776 pages of research is a considerable volume! Moreover it is a bibliographic rarity

By the early 1920s, it had b een 400 years since Frantsisk Skorina had launched Belarusian publishing i n Vi l ny a ; L a s t ov s k y h a d b e e n collecting material for many years, since the 1910s. In 1925, he acquired good quality, expensive paper for publ ish i ng h is work , i nte nd i ng to show the wealth of our culture through Belarus’ literary heritage. Besides looking at the histor y of books, he explored the history of Belarusian culture through book printing, literature, pictorial art, s cience, e duc at ion, phi los ophy, language and religion. He viewed them as inter-dependant elements. How many ancient editions did Lastovsky manage to discover and describe? His book contained 874 descriptions of key editions and manuscripts, dating up until the late 18th

page

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century. Few had realised the true extent of Belarus’ book heritage. He featured works created by Belarusians, as well as foreign editions released in Belarusian language — such as Tatar’s Al Kitab manuscripts (sacred b o oks); these were written in B elarusian yet used Arab script. At the time, people were surprised to hear that ‘Words on Igor’s Regiment’ ha d b e e n publ ishe d i n

His work on the ‘Histor y of Belarusian (Krivichian) Book’ was brilliant. He engraved the title of the book on the cover using a stylised Cyrillic font, similar to that used by Skorina. Each illustration bore his signature monogram: ‘MD’. Our Inter net age allows us to ‘visit’ various librar ies around the world without leaving home. How did Lastovsky collect his data

B elar usian, Ukrainian and Russian. Lastovsky managed to show how our culture influenced others. The History of Belarusian (Krivichian) Book was illustrated by Russian master Mstislav Dobuzhinsky: a member of St. Petersburg’s World of Art Society. How did they meet? From 1924, Dobuzhinsky lived in Lithuania, where he worked as a theatre set designer and art teacher. He closely cooperated with Lastovsky and illustrated ‘Kryvich’ magazine.

on ancient books at a time when there were no generally acces sible databases? Most ancient books were kept in the USSR and Poland, while Lastovsky lived in Lithuania. However, he managed to find various Belarusian editions in European libraries, archives, museums and private collect i on s . He v i s it e d t h e R i g a Archive, the Vatican Archive, Vilnya Public Library and the Belarusian Museum (named after Ivan Lutskevich) in Vilnya. He also had his own collection. His task was too much for Lastovsky alone, so he asked acquaintances abroad, as well as famous bibliographers and literary academics to help. Even today, his ‘History of Belarusian (Krivichian) Book’ is an authoritative reference book and an excitingly written chronicle of our national culture.

Vatslav Lastovsky was a member of the Commission to Protect Ancient Monuments, organised and took part in ethnographic expeditions. During one of such expeditions in 1928, the famous Cross of Yevfrosiniya Polotskaya was discovered and brought in Minsk

By Viktar Korbut

MOSAIC

 Adventures for children and adults

 IN-side-OUT… presented in Vitebsk

Belarusfilm National Film Studio shooting two-part children’s adventure Polesie Robinsons, or Wonder-Island, based on Yanka Mavr’s famous Polesie Robinsons

olesie Robinsons, or Wonder-Island, tells of the adventures of Ilya, Miron and his sister Julia, who set off in search of an island. They’re joined by journalist Vasily and treasure hunter Yuri, seeking news sensations and wealth respectively. Miron’s grandfather, Vladlen, wants to guard the children against dangers so acts as their guide through Polesie’s marshes. The children learn to overcome all obstacles, using courage and brains and, importantly, friendship. Belarusian schoolchildren play the main roles: Alexander Talako, Mikhail Karenetsky, Yegor Rozsudovsky and Yegor Shik

from Minsk, alongside Anastasia Kravchenya from Gomel (the Laureate of the Audience Favourite Prize in I am Singing 2011). People’s Artist of the USSR Gennady Ovsyannikov joins People’s Artist of Belarus Alexander Tkachenok and Sergey Vlasov, Igor Denisov and Vladimir Ivanov in the film scripted by Fiodor Konev and Yegor Konev. Produced by Sergey Sychev, the two hour film is being shot in Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve, Nesvizh and Mir. The release of the film is planned for early 2014.

Yakub Kolas National Academic Drama Theatre premieres performance based on work by modern Irish playwright Andy Walsh

he play about young people trying to find their place in the big city has proven popular in Europe, exploring futility and the search for personal identity. Drugs, sex and violence feature in the play, which was originally written in Irish dialect and set in Dublin, making it a challenge to translate into Belarusian. The play is based on the Russian version, translated by Belarusian State University student Oleg Babarika. IN-side-OUT, or Dublin Sucks You In is part of the Yakub Kolas Theatre’s repertoire this season, directed by Tatiana Naumova.

 Big-band plays before ancient walls

he jazz festival is traditionally held in the courtyard of the castle, welcoming famous jazz-bands from Belarus, as well foreign guests, each year. T h e G r o d n o R e g i o n ’s Philharmonic Society’s big band, conducted by Boris Myagkov, was joined by Lithuania’s Beatles'n'Jazz and the Grodno Region’s Ministry of Emergency Situations’ brass band on the first day. The second saw Grodno’s Fat Jazz Band entertain, alongside Alexander Belkin, A-Venue, City Jazz Quartet, Goryachi Trio, and ShowBand, led by Alexander Lipnitsky from Minsk, all playing jazz.

Belta

International Grodno-Jazz-2013 Festival held in Grodno’s New Castle

 Magic ‘swans’ near castle walls National Academic Bolshoi Opera and Ballet Theatre presents Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake, in Trakai, Lithuania

he g u e st p e r for manc e i n Lithuania took place in front of famous Trakai Island Castle: the largest remaining in Lithuania. Surrounded by Lake Galvė, the

dancers appeared on a special pontoon in the middle, with the 'swans' appearing to glide on its waters. Yekaterina Krysanova and Dmitry Gudanov (the Bolshoi Theatre of Russia) took the lead roles, accompanied by Honoured Artist of the Republic of Belarus Anton Kravchenko and international competition winner Konstantin Geronik. Several dozen technicians worked on the show’s sets for three days, including setting up audio and video equipment and lighting, and seating in front of the castle.

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ART

Illustrations bring books alive Art takes many forms, from vivid pictures and sculpture to song, dance and original design solutions. All spheres of creative thought are part of our cultural achievements. Book design and printing is part of Belarus’ legacy, upon which we continue to build. Illustrations and innovative design contribute to encouraging readers, of course.

ver the past century, the art of Belarusian b o o k m a king has evolved. Since the time of the first printers’ traditions, established by Frantsisk Skorina, talented painters have sought to enhance manuscripts with their images. Naturally, certain styles became popular and trends emerged, reflecting the socio-political situation, as well as the processes of Belarusian statehood acquisition. The best examples of book illustration are just as famous as certain works of literature, music, architecture, painting and cinematography. Think of Nicolay Seleshchuk’s illustrations for Belarusian fairy-tales and those by Boris Zaborov, Vasily Sharangovich and Georgy Poplavsky: all illustrators of classics by Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas. Now, the finest contemporary artists embellish editions.

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Belarusian art critics have done much to enhance the prestige of domestic book art, studying its development. However, until the 1980s, most studies reflected the characteristic features of Belarusian illustrations rather than placing them within the sphere of Soviet fine arts. The

first to note the distinctive features of Belarusian illustrations was Doctor of Art History V. Shmatov. Each period of Belarusian book art history has its own flavour, having evolved — as all spheres of art. The 1920-1950s were a time of experimentation while the 1960s saw the publishing industry become more widely established, with printing methods allowing mass distribution. Training and the adoption of wider experience brought more modern design to books, with the 1970s becoming a time

ART

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of graphic perfection. New methods came into vogue in the 1980-1990s and the concept of the ‘Belarusian school of a book graphics’ was established. Around a hundred years ago, few publishers paid attention to the quality of materials used in creating books or in maintaining quality in binding. Tastes were eclectic and, of course, Russian trends greatly influenced those in Belarus. Artistic life in Belarus revived through exhibitions and publishing activities, cultural-educational organisations and museums, with many artists emerging. However, the main Belarusian editions of the pre-revolutionary years failed to make a great aesthetic impression, merely following trends in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Warsaw, and Vilnius. In fact, a certain pan-European 'modern' style reigned, although 1920s Belarusian illustrations were guided most by easel graphics and paintings. At the beginning of the 20th century, many European states, including Belarus, were keen to develop new artistic models, preserving the viability of art and its real presence in human life. Industrial goods’ design was given more consideration and book illustrations followed suit in desiring to be attractive to the ‘common man’. In the 1920s, Belarus took part in early European creative experiments, inspired by architecture, painting, books and journalistic sketches. Revolutionary change and social tension urged on innovative book design, although many were scathing of the results; some editions remained unpublished — some edited only decades later. One of the first decrees of the Soviet Union concerned book publishing, stating that publishing houses could subsidise editions deemed ‘s o c i a l l y useful’ — w het her

submitted by societies or individuals. Books needed to be affordable and easily readable by the populace, disseminating new public ideas to the masses. Editors and artists bore great responsibility. Belarusian book art was greatly influenced by Vitebsk trends between 1918 and 1922: a classical vanguard of revolutionary histrionics and features of Italian futurism. Constructivist and Supremacist artists were sympathetic to other artistic styles, creating a ‘world art’ movement even before the October Revolution. The Vitebsk national art school hosted Marc Chagall, who became well known as an illustrator of works of fiction such as Gogol’s Dead Souls and Jean de La Fontaine’s Fairy Tales. Constructivist illustrations were common to editions printed in Vitebsk, Minsk and Gomel, while bold Supremacist covers stood out to buyers. Most books were published in paperback, being cheaper, with their futuristic and Supremacist ideas brightly embodied in their layout and cover design. Collage, photography and montage were used to good effect, with lithograph methods used for covers and relief printing for text. Vitebsk Constructivist artists El Lissitzky, L. Khidekel and I. Chashnik were guided by the same principles as Kazimir Malevich, the founder and head of UNOVIS (‘The Champions of New Art’) art association. From 1919 to 1922, he was among the leaders of world art, creating fundamental works and using lithographic printing to dissemi-

nate them. He printed his Suprematism. 34 series (1920) as a lithographic volume, using unexpectedly modest design. El Lissitzky — a leading Constructivist — supervised an architectural studio and print workshop at the National Art School of Vitebsk in 1919. In 1920, he designed the almanac UNOVIS # 1 and created sketches for one of the most famous books in the world: Supremacist Narration on Two Squares (published in Berlin, 1922). Meanwhile, UNOVIS members I. Chashnik and L. Khidekel published a lithographic collection entitled AERO (1920) in Vitebsk. Of course, Constructivist artists worked not only in Vitebsk. A. Bykhovsky worked in Gomel, while A. Ahola-Valo, P. Gutkovsky, U. Izmailova, I. Korfa and B.Malkin worked in Minsk. One of the first editors of the State Publishing House of the BSSR, B. Malkin, used expressive Constructivism in his edition of A. Alexandrovich’s Shadows in the Sun (1930). In 1919, another wellknown experimental artist, Minsk native V. Strzheminsky (a founder of Constructivist printing houses) worked with the Ministry of Education (Soviet Union) Department in Minsk, making an invaluable contribution to artistic book design. In the 1920s and 1930s, book trends began to follow those of magazines and newspaper sketches. The weak printing b as e of t hat time did not allow fine art works to b e shown through high-quality illustrations, so only the covers received much attention.

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ART

Visual propaganda was commonplace, using posters of flat colour and Supremacist shapes. Over time, lettering on the covers gained in importance, with geometric fonts and dedications placed vertically or diagonally. In the later 1930s, ideological policy shifted, with most Constructivist artists starting use more expressive forms. V. Dvorakovsky was a good example of Belarusian book art in the 1920s, being the first main artist of the State Publishing House of the BSSR. He had trained under V. Favorsky, who became one of the leaders of Soviet pre-war book illustration, from 1930 to 1940. His figurative language was evident in his illustrations for Symon the Musician, by Y. Kolas (1928) and for In the Swirl of Life (1929) by N. Zaretsky. He achieved a certain unity of the traditions of ‘world art’ and expressive Constructivism, imbuing works with emotion, through the use of saturated colour in decorative compositions. The ideological aspect of the events of 1917 had no direct influence on the artistic culture of Western Belarus, which rather followed the traditions of European symbolism. In the early 1930s, Constructivist style retained relevance yet combined images from literary works. Avant-garde artists such as M. Filippovich, V. Dvorakovsky, S. Udovin and A. Bykhovsky left the country, unable to find their place in the new Belarusian Soviet cultural creation, being called 'Propagandists of slave labour'. In the 1930s, the State Publishing House of the BSSR’s main artists were A. Tychina, M. Ende, M. Lebedeva, V. Tikhonovich, V. Basov, M. Gusev, M. Malevich, I. Milchin, B. Malkin and V. Volkov; works by

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more than forty Belarusian artists were exhibited in 1934, at a special exhibition of book design in Minsk. Unfortunately, the notorious decrees of 1930-1932 denoting that all publishing occur in the centres of Moscow and Leningrad almost eradicated the development of Belarusian book, magazine and newspaper illustration, as well as posters. Much of our book art heritage from the first half of the 20th century, which included unique, low circulation editions, was lost during the Great Patriotic War. Book art of the 1930-1950s was marked by artists’ aspir at i o n t o e mbr a c e t h e i r

national heritage and traditions. Publishing slowed, with mostly propaganda editions printed in low circulation. Such artists as V. Volkov, I. Davidovich, M. Malevich, M. Gutsiev, S. Romanov and M. Karpenko concentrated on illustrations, producing paintings quite different from their contemporaries. Certainly, works from the 1940s, alongside other art heritage from this time, deserve additional study. In the late 1950s artists came to understanding of the solutions for the main problem of artistic design of book — combination of text and illustrations in uniform — ensemble — complex. According to them, it was a graphics plastic which was traditionally applied earlier and which needed to be applied in book design of high quality again. The return of 'graphics' into book art was seen by artists of the senior generation in the use of plate technologies and experiments in this field. However in 1950s, different kinds of gravure were limitedly represented not only in book, but also in easel graphics. Since the early 1960s, Belarusian art develops rather dynamically, and is filled with progressive tendencies. Belarusian writers and artists started the process of deliverance from the influence of aesthetic principles of 1930-1950s. Naturalistic and excessively pompous

ART images gave place to more diverse images and composition methods. The process of the formation of new features in book art is prompted by the development of easel and monumental kinds of fine arts. Their plastic is influenced in turn by printing plastic. ‘Graphics’ becomes one of the vivid manifestations, main tendencies in Belarusian art of book. The generation of young artists — graduates of the Belarusian State Theatre and Art Institute — started to revive the best traditions of book art. The ‘thaw’ in a socio-political life of the country became a hope time — opened a way to freedom of creative work to young people who came through war. Young artists filled a book with full of creative generalisations, expressional and high-quality graphics, and made efforts to connect experimentation of 1920s with the present time. But in visual and book art of 1960s there were no such development which was observed in literature. Nevertheless, the republican book-publishing structure was extended at that time. In 1963 the State Press Committee of Council of Ministers of BSSR was established for regulation of publishing activities and for enhancement of the role of publishing houses in cultural life of the country. It specified specialisation of literature edited by publishing houses. According to specialisation they received new names. In the 1960s there was a start of author's book illustration. Deep artists' penetration into the essence of works and their creative interpretation allowed them to create high-quality artistic and original graphic works. That time was a starting point for constellation of professionals who prevailed in book art throughout several decades. Among them were A. Kashkurevich, B. Zaborov, A. Los, V. Sharangovich, G. Poplavsky. The artists of 1960s, perhaps, were the first among art workers to start creative reinterpreting of Belarusian national culture. This tendency was especially vividly manifested in art book design and printing graphics. Not only the images of characters mostly corresponding to national character, but also decorative

motives derived from traditional folk art, were included into art structure of books. Spiritual unification with traditions and ability to transform them into modern forms were the grounds for creative work of A. Los, G. Yakubenya, V. Sharangovich. These artists continued to develop the traditions of national themes embodiment, which had been started in the 19th — first half of the 20th c e nt u r y b y Y. Drozdovich and M. Filippovich. An important event that c o nt r i b u t e d t o progressive development of Belarusian book graphics was the opening of the graphic department and plate studio under the Belarusian Theatre and Art Institute. The leading teacher was famous Belarusian artist S. Gerus, who since 1953 taught at art department. The early 1960s were the times when first graduates of the Belarusian Theatre and Art Institute came into art. The home-educated artists start to meet the needs of all the artistic culture of the country and publishing practice. The problem of professional training for professional fine arts of Belarus was solved during a decade, as well as the foundation of education of artistsprofessionals of book was established. The first graduation of graphic artists (1959) — A. Kashkurevich, R. Vitkovsky, I. Romanovsky, I. Nemogai, K. Tikhanovich — will play a crucial role in the formation of new tendencies in Belarusian book graphics of 1960's. All the graduates of the single higher artistic educational institution in BSSR defended their diploma thesis by works of book graphics. The breaking of dogmatic notions about book art made artists to expand

the range of creative methods and means. They turned to the understanding of already existing traditions and systems of the 1920s — first half of 1930s. At that time the tradition of improvisation in composition, painting, type plastic (A. Kashkurevich, G. Poplavsky, A. Los) got its revival. That was the time of return to synthetic principles of book graphics creation. Book design again began to be subject to the laws of creation of uniform book organism. At that time, A. Posledovich, A. Los, G. Yakubenya, A. Demarin, Y. Puchinsky, Y. Kulik, N. Blazhennaya started working in the field of Belarusian book graphics. As for book design for children, the artists continued to develop the traditions of national themes embodiment which were founded in the first half of the 20s century by M. Filippovich, P. Gutkovsky, M. Malevich, B. Malkin, V. Litko, V. Tikhonovich, V. Volkov, A. Volkov, Ye. Minin. During 1960s Georgy Poplavsky works using the etching techniques in illustrations for poem New Land by Yakub Kolas. This edition brought the first international success to Belarusian book graphics of the post-war period. In 1969 the book was awarded with a diploma at the International exhibition of graphics and book art in Leipzig. The foundation of modern national school of book graphics which is notable among other schools was set in 1960s. In 1970s the improvement of art structure of book acquires a reconsideration of the experience gained during the last decade. That time is marked by the expansion of artistic design of books, especially in the field of fiction. In 1972, Khudozhestvennaya Literatura Publishing House was founded on the basis of editorial offices for artistic and children's literature of the page

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ART

largest publishing house 'Belarus'. Artists start to reinterpret the traditions of book design, the founders of which were Frantsisk Skorina and his followers. 1980s — mid 1990s — is the golden age Belarusian book graphics, the time of domestic book publication. Belarusian artists achieved major success in design of literature for children. It was Yunost State Publishing House which was founded in 1981 and focused the experience of Belarusian book graphics on design of fiction for children and youth of different age categories. The art of book of this period features bright and highly artistic reconsideration of progressive national traditions. The book graphics of 1980s incarnates the most vivid embodiment of the idea of n at i o n a l - c u l t u r a l revival, which revealed in the B elar usian culture in the second half of 1970s. The work on interpretation of movable types was not carried out until 1980s. Several attempts in that business were made by students of the Belarusian State Academy of Arts. Successful type compositions and initials designs can be found in the works of A. Kitaeva, A. Sheluta, G. Matsura, A. Kulazhenko, A. Shupletsov. The editions of 1980s obtained a stylistic and composition completeness and the level of book ensemble. The artists of book master and successfully play the role of ‘director’ of edition, whose task is the creation of semantic and dynamical structure. M. Kozlov and V. Klimenko approved themselves to be professionals of book design. These years are marked by the arrival of young artists and wider use of new technologies and creative methods. The artists of book actively participate in the Book Art Contest of inter-republic and all-Union levels.

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Their works are awarded with the highest prizes of this system of contests, with Ivan Fiodorov diploma. Fiction which was designed by home artists is widely represented at international book fairs. The Belarusian book graphics was

first presented at the world book fair in Frankfort on the Main. The artists began to receive book design orders from foreign fiction publishers. The works of book artists receive wide social recognition in 1980-1990s. The leading artists of book are awarded with honorary titles. The title of People's Artist of Belarus was awarded to A. Kashkurevich, G. Poplavsky, V. Sharangovich, the title of Honoured Worker of Arts of Belarus — to M. Seleshchuk, V. Savich, L. Asetsky, S. Volkov. State awards of Belarus for achievements in the field of fine arts were given to G. Poplavsky, A. Kashkurevich, V. Sharangovich, M. Seleshchuk, V. Spavuk. The first half of 1990s is marked by reduction of the quantity of illustrated

fiction editions. There was a start of wide commercialisation of book business and reorientation of publishing strategy depending on the form of property in this field. However, the establishment of non-state publishing houses did not lead to the development of book graphics. It is possible even to say that some unique positions were lost. Many illustrators were engaged in easel creativity, started working in advertising. When the situation in Belarusian publishing houses had taken a favourable turn, they did not return. The new generation has come and its brilliant representatives were Y. Alisevich, P. Ta t a r n i k o v , I . G o r d i e n o k , T. Suchkova. M o d e r n Belarusian art of b o ok acquire d new notable features. In the past it was impossible even to dream of such printing technologies which would allow printing illustrations from originals without loss of their quality. The framework of prepress also changed. High technologies allow creating more dramatic editions. Belarusian artists of book have always managed to comprehend and to embody the features of their national culture and cultures of other people in their creative works. It is shown in the works of A. Kashkurevich, G. Poplavsky, B. Zaborov, V. Tarasov and others. Last decade of the 20th century was the time when complicated system changes happened in the country. They coincided with the distribution of the newest computer technologies. Certainly, this moved aside the traditional professionalism of artists. But the use of modern technologies in printing did not become a premise for exclusion of simplified decorativeness from book graphics. Time highlighted other key points: decorativeness maintained its

ART marked by the fact that the organisers of the Book Art Republican Contest again started to honour the winners with F. Skorina diplomas. The awards are given for book design made by Belarusian authors only. This is a good sign. The jury of the International Moscow Book Fair in 2006 awarded the group of authors with Grand Prix for the book Chernobyl. Among the authors was a well-known Belarusian book designer and publisher, Denis Ramanyuk. It is hoped that the nearest future will bring successful presentation to Belarus book at other international book forums. The fact that now diplomas are awarded basically not for illustrations for fiction, but for works which are synthetic in nature — is the result of cooperative activity of a designer, an artist, a photographer. This makes it important to find out the methods for balance, the combination of a man-made art illustration and design in one book. The most appreciable mark in the history of book art of 20th century was left by such excellent masters as A. Kashkurevich, B. Zaborov, V. Slavuk, V. Sharangovich, A. Los, G. Poplavsky, M. Seleshchuk, V. Savich. These book artists thanks to their author's style, wide spectrum of art techniques and

Vitaliy Gil

ground and is seen in illustrations, especially in the works of young artists, due to the recognition of its ability to be organic mouthpiece of national identity features. In the second half of 1990s Belarusian book art enters the next phase of development, gains new distinctive features, preserving respect towards individual creative manner of artist. These years can be described as the period of domination of various styles. Such outstanding masters of book graphics as M. Kozlov, N. Sustova, Y. Zelsky, V. Slavuk, M. Borzdyko, T. Melianets still make interesting works. In 2006, at the Book Art contest, such artists as V. Rogolevich and A. Petrov became laureates of F. Skorina Prize for design of the book Victory. 1418 Days of the Great Patriotic War. One of the best editions of 2005 was encyclopaedic handbook Grand Duchy of Lithuania (artist--D. Gerasimovich). The book Mindovg. The Beginning of Ruling in design of V. Lukashik was made of special mention at many contests. The new design trend was opened by V. Olshevsky’s book Impression of Balance, or Upstairs. Here the author of the text — the artist — develops by himself the layout of edition, fills with illustrative material consisting of photos and his own products. The design of domestic books in 1970-1980s versus world models still came short of composite solution of illustrations, aesthetics of types, and quality of layout, paper and printing realisation of original texts. Now resources for book designing and printing technologies are such that most editions (published in state as well as in private publishing houses) meet the highest standards. Book art is associated presently not only with fiction editions. Modular approach of book design making allows designing a book systemically. The beginning of 21st century is

ability to penetrate deeply into the essence of a literary work could please the tastes of the most demanding readership. Their art influenced the development of other trends of fine arts. Such outstanding masters of graphics, painting, design, arts and crafts — A. Kitaeva, A. Shelyuta, V. Tsesler, S. Voichenko, M. Savitsky, M. Bairachny, V. Volynets, A. Zimenko and others enriched Belarusian book graphics with their creative achievements. Today it is possible to mention that artistic image of domestic book became a subject of national pride. The works of Belarusian book artists are regularly exhibited not only in Belarus. They are recognised at large international art exhibitions, they are awarded with diplomas; receive recognition of art critics in specialised press. These achievements became possible thanks to the existence of national school of graphic art. It fruited as a result of efforts of wards of the most different art schools of the former Soviet Union, teachers of the Belarusian State Academy of Arts, members of the Belarusian Artists’ Union and the Belarusian Designers’ Union. Book art is inevitably influenced by all modern problems. The complexification of literary language instigates to search corresponding semantic manysided means for illustration and book designing. Un d o u b t e d l y, 2 0 t h century was the time when Belarusian book art got its formation and professional development. The comprehensive and in-depth art review of the processes occurring in art, certainly, will promote to successful development of this kind of art even in the 21st century. A book, by virtue of its nature, — is a convenient source of information for people. No other design, except a man-made artistic plastic is able to add it spiritualised and distinctive character. By Victor Mikhailov

2013 беларусь.belarus

THEATRE

Wish to amaze

he dazzling show was among the most significant in Belarus’ summer cultural life, following the European tradition of open-air theatrical events. Such festivals are enjoying increasing popularity. The popular tourist venue of Ozertso recently hosted a theatrical presentation of the musical Sofia Golshanskaya, by famous B elarusian composer Vladimir Kondrusevich. This October, the Belarusian State Academic Musical Theatre is to stage the play, which has taken three years to prepare, being quite complex. Its July presentation is a ‘sneak preview’ of what is to come, explains the Musical Theatre’s Artistic Leader, Adam Murzich, who initiated the project and attracted Mr. Kondrusevich. Film director and poet Yelena Turova wrote the final version of the libretto. “I’ve been attracted by Sofia Golshanskaya for a long time,” explains Mr. Murzich. “The character is largely under promoted nowadays but the story of Sofia’s life and love is interesting to me. It’s great material for a national musical performance, as it unites strong feelings and genuine characters.” Mr. Kondrusevich adds, with optimism, “The premiere was a success, with strengths already apparent. It’s a truly patriotic work — which our national theatres lack at the moment.” The Musical Theatre’s choir, orchestra and artists performed eight concert extracts from the future musical. In addition, the Kaunas and Klaipeda musical theatres performed ‘golden

Belarusian State Museum of Folk Architecture and Life, in Minsk District’s Ozertso village, hosts major international project featuring artists from Belarus, Russia and Lithuania

беларусь.belarus 2013

THEATRE hits’ from famous musicals — such as Loewe’s My Fair Lady, Bock’s Fiddler on the Roof and John’s Aida. People’s Artist of Azerbaijan Medina Aliyeva danced an adagio from the Thousand and One Nights ballet and a winner of the Two Stars TV show, Mossovet Moscow State Academic Theatre actor Gleb Matveichuk, took part, joined by theatre and cinema actress Anastasia Makeeva. A composition from Dangerous Ties (written by Mr. Matveichuk jointly with famous poet Karen Kavaleryan) premiered, with the musical soon to be staged at the Mossovet Theatre. Without doubt, Matveichuk and Makeeva make a stunning couple. Before the show, Mikhail Kovalchik — who is directing Sofia Golshanskaya — was anxious. Despite having staged dozens of musicals, and having headed Volgograd’s Tsaritsyno Opera Theatre, he always fears that audiences may be disappointed. Pleasingly, all his anxieties faded after the concert, when he admitted, “I think we’ve created a worthy show. Unobtrusively and with ease, we’ve reminded audiences of the serious theme of our historical roots and common historical memories. It’s easy to be too predictable or to lack ‘authenticity’; we often forget that Sofia and King Jagailo were real people — rather than mythological. It’s important to present a touching, yet believable story. Having worked much abroad, I appreciate all that connected with Belarus, which is why I love The Run — staged by the Russian Theatre and dedicated to the theme of emigration. I ’m h ap py that the Musical Theatre is returning to an historical theme, after a long break; the move is timely and justified. I’m convinced that the premiere of Sofia Golshanskaya will drive forward Belarus’ theatrical life.”

Although the director was pleased with his artists’ performances, it’s impossible to predict whether all will take part in the autumn premiere. Clearly, there is chemistry between them, which contributes a great deal to the show. We can sense their feeling for the material and their desire to portray their characters convincingly. Olga Zhelezskaya (Sofia) and Anton Zayanchkovsky (Jagailo) are excellent, as are soloists Artem Krukovsky and Lyudmila Stanevich. Like Shakespeare’s tragedies, the play features strong emotions, royal intrigue, fatal love and belief in human dignity, as well as liars, those filled with envy, and traitors — all set against a background of Belarusian colour and music. Our modern theatre often lacks strong

emotions, showing psychological thrillers rather than romantic plots. We follow a twisting ‘detective’ story, featuring real historical events from the 15th century, with elements of true Hollywood melodrama. Like Shakespeare, we see ourselves in a mirror and are encouraged to reflect on our lives through the prism of the characters’ actions. We are asked to consider what we would sacrifice for the sake of our goal. Would we assist our neighbours or be tempted by personal gain, using intrigue and gossip-mongering to discredit others? Of course, it’s hard to say whether audiences will love Sofia Golshanskaya. The name of its composer should g u a r a n t e e s u c c e s s , s i n c e M r. Kondrusevich’s Glass of Water musical has been successfully staged at the Musical Theatre for some time; his Mefisto ballet was also well-received and Biker (a youth musical directed by Gennady Davydko) has toured to much acclaim. The Kupala Theatre has also presented Mr. Kondrusevich’s Africa musical for children, creating another sophisticated success story. The Musical Theatre truly has a desire to surprise us, experimenting with its repertoire: classical Viennese operettas, musicals and traditional musical comedies. However, until now, it has lacked ‘national’ performances. Sofia Golshanskaya is a worthy show, being the brainchild of passionate actors and directors. Its unusual characters and script are a departure. Thankfully, this ‘risk’ has paid off. Clichés are avoided, leading us to hope that the show, with its huge energetic potential — will prove a hit. By Valentin Pepelyayev

2013 беларусь.belarus

FORMULA OF FRAGRANCE

Exclusive fragrance from Sophia Star of the perfume world, Sophia Grojsman, keeps her promise to create an exclusive fragrance for Belarus

elaya Rus #5 has been launched by Sophia in Minsk, who calls it a gift for her compatriots. Born in the village of Lyubcha, in the Novogrudok District of the Grodno R egion, young S ophia gained her first ‘perfume’ experience as a child, accompanying her mother to the market. With her great sense of smell, she always chose the freshest products. I was 15 when my parents decided to leave Belarus and move to Poland. I still often think of our little house and the violets that grew around it. Our family was poor so flowers replaced toys for me. All my life, the sweet fragrance of violets has been associated for me only with childhood. This is why it’s no surprise to find it as the basis for ‘Belaya Rus’ fragrance. I chose this flower. Has the price of the fragrance already been announced? I can’t reveal anything yet but sales don’t bother me. I've done my job in creating the fragrance, which sums up my

feelings towards the country in which I was born. When buying famous branded perfumes, we tend to give credit to the designer rather than the true engineers of the fragrance. Does this offend you? The world has few true perfumers and their names are usually unknown to the public. As a Soviet émigré, it’s wonderful for me to work in the global fashion industry and, moreover, to become one of the leading perfumers. How would you define your professional style? Competitors accuse me of excessive partiality to rose scents but show me a perfume that doesn’t include rose! It’s universal: present e ve r y w h e re. Yo u m ay l i k e my fragrance, or not, but I know one thing: it has character. I create chords, based on simplicity and clarity. Of course, a perfume should not be monotonic. I'm not interested in scents which spend their entire force on the first note, and then quickly fade. I prefer them to develop gradually. Modern women are becoming more pragmatic, yet still buy perfume, which we might say is useless. Ladies buy perfume not to please men but to create a certain mood: lightness, freshness, mystery and so on. I’ve always wanted perfume to help women forget problems for at least 15 minutes. By Yulia Leonovich

беларусь.belarus 2013