BELARUS #02/2012 by BELARUS Magazine

No.2 (941), 2012

BELARUS Беларусь. Belarus

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Politics, Economy, Culture

Getting to the top pp. 46—47

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Contents

Беларусь.Belarus Monthly magazine No. 2 (941), 2012 Published since 1930 State Registration Certificate of mass medium No.8 dated March 2nd, 2009, issued by the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus

At speed of modern express train

4 8

Moving ahead together Single Economic Space started up on the territory of Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan

Everything estimated meticulously

Back to Nesvizh

Precise navigation The Government and

Gene will get a passport National Cen-

National Bank hope to see 2012 become a year of balanced development for the Belarusian economy

Mysterious heritage Archaeological discoveries significantly change views on country’s past

Legends from bygone years Some places

Think, Chatsky, think! Premiere based

hold true mysteries, despite appearing ordinary at first sight. Studying their history, we realise that they are a ‘Bermuda Triangle’ of great events. Vetka, near Gomel, is one such city

on Alexander Griboyedov’s Woe from Wit comedy gathers full houses at Maxim Gorky National Academic Drama Theatre.. Old history take on a new breath of life

Dance breathes new life

On threshold of spring! Famous Slavic

ace and Park Estate given ‘For Spiritual Revival’ Presidential Award

Executive Secretary: Valentina Zhdanovich

Design and Layout by Vadim Kondrashov Беларусь.Belarus is published in Belarusian, English, Spanish and Polish. Distributed in 50 countries of the world. Final responsibility for factual accuracy or interpretation rests with the authors of the publications. Should any article of Беларусь.Belarus be used, the reference to the magazine is obligatory. The magazine does not bear responsibility for the contents of advertisements.

Publisher: “SB” editorial office

Black belt, white lotus…

This magazine has been printed at “Belarusian House of Press” Publishing Office” UE.

Classic music in Vitebsk

79 Nezavisimosti Ave., Minsk, Belarus, 220013

artists are aiming at winning

Order No.416

Total circulation — 1972 copies (including 744 in English).

Write us to the address: 11 Kiselyov Str., Minsk, Belarus, 220029. Tel.: +375 (17) 290-62-24, 290-66-45. Tel./Fax: +375 (17) 290-68-31. www.belarus-magazine.by E-mail: mail@belarus-magazine.by Subscription index in Belpochta catalogue — 74977 For future foreign subscribers for ‘Belarus’ magazine, apply to ‘MK-Periodica’ agency.

Maslenitsa is the time for hot pancakes, ton-up coasting and good mood

More responsibility Staff of Gomel’s Pal-

Editor: Viktor Kharkov

tre for Genome Biotechnologies opens in Minsk

Founders: The Information Ministry of the Republic of Belarus “SB” newspaper editorial office Belvnesheconombank

Creative labyrinths of soul

E-mail: info@periodicals.ru Telephone in Minsk: +375 (17) 227-09-10.

2012 беларусь.belarus

editor’s note

Good beginnings set tone for year ahead

t can be distressing to decide from where to begin; we all know that feeling. However, the country has entered the year quite smoothly, without any particular debate on ‘How?’ and, as yet, no dilemmas regarding fuel or enterprises’ production plans — regardless of the global crisis. Meanwhile, salaries and pensions have significantly risen in the first two months, creating a feeling of hope, although it is clearly compensation for the inflation and devaluation of last year. It seems that the state has acquired the necessary funds and wishes to give citizens their due; the average salary is now $500 in equivalent — and is promised countrywide by the end of the year. After last year’s decline, a rise has been observed, inspiring optimism. It’s a relief to begin the year without any critical problems. The remainder can be solved with close analysis and determination — as proven by this issue of

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the magazine. Everything is estimated meticulously details the ambitious macroeconomic budget for 2012. It’s planned to increase exports and ensure GDP growth (the major index of economic production). We cannot help but feel that anything is possible. Another article — Precise navigation — reveals how economic mechanisms work, including financial, to drive forward the economy via a business plan. Moving ahead together track confirms that we can concentrate on integration and expansion of partnerships, with particular reference to our launch of the Single Economic Space in January — involving Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan. In a word, we feel that the economy is sprinting into a run once more, without risk of tripping. In parallel, our national railway is also picking up speed, while enhancing its passenger service on long-distance trains and regional lines. At speed of modern express train tells us more.

Vitally, we need to accelerate — without obstacles and avoiding stagnation — in all spheres, including science. Gene will get a passport is dedicated to the opening of the Centre for Genome Biotechnologies in Minsk. Delightfully, Nesvizh — a town rich in traditions — has taken the baton of Belarus’ cultural capital this year. A programme of concerts, performances, exhibitions and artistic meetings lies ahead, as we can read in Back to Nesvizh. Victoria Azarenko’s joy adorns our cover. The Belarusian tennis player has won a prestigious tournament to become the world’s number one seed: a first in the sporting history of our country. Her victory has entered the chronicles of world tennis. Read more in Ascending the summit, which tells of Victoria’s path to her worthy goal. BY Viktor Kharkov, magazine editor Беларусь. Belarus

Panorama  Presentation arouses interest World leading publication — fDi Magazine — issues special edition dedicated to Belarus’ investment opportunities

fDi

Championship without bounds Belarus’ visa-free regime to be launched from April 25th to May 31st, 2014, for official participants of IIHF Championship, alongside foreign tourists

he Presidential Press Service has told BelTA that a corresponding Decree ‘On Several Issues Relating to the Organisation of the 2014 IIHF Championships in Minsk’ has been signed by President Alexander Lukashenko. A visa-free entry regime is being temporarily introduced for official participants of the championship and attending fans to allow the event to run more smoothly and encourage the maximum number of visitors. Participants will be registered via the official accreditation system of the International Ice Hockey Federation, while fans will have original or electronic tickets. Medical insurance agreements won’t be required for official participants of the championship, or for foreign tourists. Goods (except those subject to excise duties) imported for the 2014 IIHF Championship are to be exempt from added value tax or customs duties (taking into account the international obligations of Belarus). However, the targeted use of such goods will need to be stated. Minsk City Executive Committee aims to ease the import of goods for sports facilities, hotels and other infrastructure sites. The Sports and Tourism Ministry will oversee other commodities.

Magazine’s Belarus Beckons: Europe’s Final FDI Frontier Opens Up supplement — devoted to the country’s investment potential — was launched in London recently. The event was organised by the Embassy of Belarus to the United Kingdom, jointly with The Financial Times and the National Investment and Privatisation Agency. The presentation gathered nearly 100 participants, including representatives of the world’s top banks (Barclays Capital and City Bank), financial and investment companies, rating agencies (JP Morgan, and Fitch), international organisations (EBRD, and NDEP) and British business circles. Attendees gained familiarity with Belarus’ potential in high technologies, energy, pharmaceuticals and other spheres. According to the Belarusian

 Resource to promote commodities Belarus interested in establishing trading houses abroad

lready, trading houses promoting Belarusmade products operate in Turkmenistan, Armenia and Venezuela. “The country’s leadership has set the task of establishing trading houses

Foreign Ministry’s Press Service, the event confirmed high interest in Belarus among foreign companies and allowed foreign partners and potential investors to establish direct contact with the National Investment and Privatisation Agency. fDi Magazine is a foreign direct investment publication owned by The Financial Times, which enjoys a wide readership circulation — from international investment agencies and banks to the political and business elite. It specialises in investigating direct foreign investments and in analysing the investment climate. in Vietnam, Myanma and Romania. However, a BelarusianChinese trading house looks most promising,” notes Trade Minister Valentin Chekanov. He tells us that such houses would help improve the export activity of Belarusian companies while raising foreign trade figures. Moreover, the negative balance of Belarus’ foreign trade could be cut. Trading houses aim to promote Belarusian products across the globe.

2012 беларусь.belarus

Tendencies

Moving ahead together SINGLE economic SPACE started up on the territory of Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan

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H.E. Mr. Alexander Surikov, views our integration as one of the major events of 2011, noting, “Vitally, the SES will promote the preservation and strengthening of our three countries’ economies, while creating new branches. Moreover, it will encourage entry to foreign markets without destroying manufacturing.”

From January 1st, the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) began its work, overseeing integration processes within the Customs Union and the SES. It is to become a supra-national and neutral body, gradually to be given powers like those of the EU’s European Commission (its government).

Lead researcher Leonid Belozerskiy and researcher Oreshkina Larisa work on program and information complex “Monitoring-NS” (contingency situations)

Aleksandr Ruzhachka

he ‘Four Freedoms’ was a process launched in the last century in Western Europe, dating back to the 1957 Treaty of Rome; it marked the beginning of what is now known as the European Union, uniting the markets of over 0.5bn people. Half a century later, a similar union — promoting the free movement of goods, services, and human and financial capital — has been founded from Eastern Europe’s River Bug to the Pacific Ocean, and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Tien Shan Mountains in the south. No one doubts that the project aims to promote European integration and may result in the creation of a single economic space from Vladivostok to Lisbon — as proposed by Russia’s Prime Minister, Vladimir Putin, in his article for German SuddeutscheZeitung. TheDeclarationonEurasianEconomic Integration, completing the next stage of integration, was signed by the presidents of Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan in Moscow on November 18th, 2011. One month later, on December 19th, it was agreed that, from January 1st, 17 international treaties would come into effect governing the SES — supporting the free movement of goods and services, as well as capital and labour. The Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Russia to Belarus,

Tendencies When we wish to underline the historical importance of an event, we tend to say that a revolution has occurred. In our case, it’s more appropriate to speak of an evolutionary breakthrough of global importance. Integration is marching victoriously across the planet, with people worldwide noting the success of integration associations in Europe, Asia and America. Competition between r e g i o n a l economic unions determines the economic spirit of the 21st century. Against this background, it is evident that, within the post-Soviet space, Belarus and Russia have ‘laid ski track’ for integration unions with our Union State- viewed by us and our rivals as the first trial for other integration formations within the postSoviet space: the EurAsEC, SES and the Customs Union. Of course, Kazakhstan has also suggested integration ideas. The Eurasian Union, proposed by Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, continues this strategy of integration — aimed at creating a powerful hub connecting the EU with the Asia-Pacific Region. Belarus, boasting unique experience of integration construction, stands at the centre of this team.

THOSE WHO OWN INTEGRATION OWN THE WORLD

The Belarusian leadership has never concealed its political will towards union — based on objective research rather than subjective desires. Even those who don’t always praise the Belarusian model view us as the most prepared regarding integration of former Soviet republics. Importantly, the shortest export routes to the West pass through our

territory. Secondly, Belarus possesses well-developed oil processing facilities and considerable capacity along its oil and gas pipelines — a key factor in our contemporary world. Meanwhile, Belarusian and Russian enterprises are liaising extensively, setting up joint major innovative production associations. Finally, Belarus has no involvement i n i nt e rnational

conflicts. It boasts social and religious s t a b i l i t y, s o nothing threatens its security. Belarus also has an understanding and public consensus on the usefulness of reintegration within the post-Soviet space — unlike Ukraine, which dreams of EU membership, and Azerbaijan, which is moving closer to its neighbouring Muslim states. Even foreign media note that Minsk is an ideal partner for Moscow. Russia has determined its priorities: the CSTO and the Customs Union for security and the Single Economic Space for economic

issues. This policy is based on serious political and economic truths. We’ve noted the advantages and interest of Minsk regarding integration. Now, let’s analyse Moscow’s motivation. Russia is the largest state within the postSoviet space, able to lead integration. Russia can use regional economic integration to enhance its competitiveness within the world market and to counteract pressure from leading global countries. This will allow it to rival the EU’s success; otherwise, Russia

could be doomed to remain a mere supplier of raw m a t e r i a l s to more powerful states, as its current leadership well understands. Mr. Putin’s persistence in promoting the Customs Union and Eurasian Union shows his earnest desire to make Russia a ‘world energy superpower’ and ensure the reintegration of the post-Soviet space. Rephrasing a famous expression, we can say that those who own integration own the world. In our contemporary world, partnership is essential to maintain a competitive advantage. In gaining allies, a country reduces its number of rivals and enemies. Belarus and Russia have ‘laid ski track’ for further integration within the CIS.

FATE OF PATH BREAKER

The union-path breaker, which laid the ‘ski track’ to development after the collapse of the Soviet Union, continues; the Union of Belarus and Russia won’t lose its importance against the background of the Customs Union.

2012 беларусь.belarus

Tendencies

беларусь.belarus 2012

AccordingtotheRussianAmbassador to Belarus, at present, introducing a single currency for the Customs Union isn’t yet on the agenda. He believes that the question will only be raised on the completion of the formation of the Eurasian Union. “At present, the creation of a single currency within the Union State is an unsettled question. Decisions have been made and not yet revoked.” The Belarusian Government informs us that, at present, negotiations are underway to introduce a single currency within the SES but emphasise that ‘basic conditions should be elaborated to ensure a single and united currency policy’. Belarus benefits from economic integration. However, it is eager to retain its political independence and powers,

Belta

Assessing the significance of the Union State of Belarus and Russia in relation to the Customs Union and the SES (involving Kazakhstan), Alexander Surikov notes, “The potential of the Union State is still great. The Union State is a good example of integration for all states within the post-Soviet space, which have appeared since the USSR’s collapse. Of course, its creation has seen difficulties, arguments and misunderstanding, but Belarus and Russia have managed to considerably advance towards their goals. This is especially true regarding the mutual observation of citizens’ rights in various spheres, such as education, health care and pension provision. The Single Economic Space of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia is certainly developing as a ‘trio’ while the Union State of Belarus and Russia develops as a ‘pair’.” The leadership of both countries understand that building the Union State is a ‘very important and useful process’. The Union of Belarus and Russia is a testing ground for new ideas, aiming to solve problems relating to integration. The best practices of the Union State of Belarus and Russia can be used in future work. Currency union is the next possible issue, having far reaching economic effects. Experts warn that the monetarycredit system of the smaller country is necessarily absorbed by that of the larger, so Belarus must decide whether it is ready to sacrifice its independence in this sphere. The advantages include reduced currency risks and transaction expenses but the issue is not as simple as it may seem. Even the EU states, which have been moving along the road of integration for 60 years, aren’t yet completely committed to a shared currency. Tiny Luxembourg and large Germany retain their own monetary-credit policy. Political risks in the EU are minimal, due to it having so many strong political centres. Berlin and Paris are among the strongest, but the dictatorship of one state is excluded. Everyone is equal, with equal voting rights. The common currency is not the Franc or Mark, but the Euro.

as delegated to the President of Belarus by voters. It aims to build an independent, market-oriented and socially oriented state, pursuing a multi-vector policy. The western vector is of equal importance with the eastern and, from the point of view of modernising the economy, is indispensable. For Belarus, as well as for Ukraine, the strengthening of sovereignty is a priority. Clearly, without trusting relations, integration won’t advance. Kiev, Minsk and Astana need to hold the same political strength as Moscow. All, including Russia, are united by historical ties and a shared culture, alongside, vitally, close and warm relations between people. Public interests take priority over those of the liberal elite in contemporary Russia,

Tendencies who are keen to retain power while being incorporated into the world market. Judging by Vladimir Putin’s article, where he clearly defined the advantages of our powerful integration association, Russia understands the need for an equal and mutually beneficial union. Integration is a necessity, so the time of separate states is a thing of the past. Latin America’s Brazil is an economic ‘tiger’ while the South-Eastern states’ economic breakthrough is worthy of pride. The EU has also proven its opulence and efficiency. Would Greece survive today were it not a member of such a powerful union? No alternative exists; the future is based on economic integration. It’s no surprise that the Kremlin — once keen on global leadership — is now focusing on forming allied structures with its closest neighbours, including Belarus, on equal terms.

CRISIS REVEALS WHO HAS TRUE POWER

In recent years, despite production volumes falling worldwide due to the crisis, Belarus has actively expanded its export potential — now covering 80 Russian regions. Collaboration with Russian regions has outgrown the usual framework to encompass high-tech and innovative goods and expertise. Agreements have been signed regarding the construction of a nuclear power station in Belarus, with measures taken to ensure parallel energy systems in Belarus and Russia. Co-operation is also taking place regarding research and the peaceful use of space technology. This includes the launch of a Belarusian satellite for multi-zone spectrometring, which features the Russian Kanopus-B and Belarusian Space Complex. Many components are being produced in Belarus while the space platform,

Computer simulator for training of specialists, who will work on future NPP assisted by Russian colleagues, was started up in the Joint Institute of Power and Nuclear Research “Sosny”

control systems and launch are being guided by the Russian side. Once our satellites are in orbit, they will be used jointly, with data shared. A similar sharing of resources, expertise and skill to the benefit of both parties is evident in our joint innovative production associations. Integration is a true ‘watchword’ in today’s world, where the bursting of the financial bubble has inspired the private sector to become even more competitive. All western leaders agree on the importance of efficiency and modernisation to ensure competitiveness in this tough market, as President Lukashenko agrees. In this respect, Belarus offers opportunities to its partners, as its industry and agriculture are ripe for modernisation and investment — unlike some states which lack the same foundations. The presidents of Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan decided last year to concentrate their efforts jointly — for 2012 and for many decades to come. The door open is open to anyone wishing to join them. The international 20 Years of the Commonwealth of Independent States scientific-practical conference, held last year in Minsk, showed the importance of strengthening integration — to Belarus, and other former-Soviet states. Discussions demonstrated that the CIS was and remains a unique venue for negotiations, where member countries can agree their national interests while elaborating a shared position on vital issues of economics, security, law, humanitarian collaboration and mutual relations in science and innovations. The test will be how Belarus and Russia build their relations in all spheres. Our fates have been inextricably connected through the centuries and we are now breaking a path to the future — towards union. Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan are on board, moving towards this future together. By Nina Romanova

2012 беларусь.belarus

Context “In 2012, the major goals for the state financial sector are enhanced stability and competitiveness of the national economy while reliably fulfilling financial obligations to foreign and domestic lenders. We also aim to preserve the quality of budgetary services and social protection for the most vulnerable members of the population,” promises the Finance Ministry.

Vitaliy Gil

Whom and how much?

In assembly room of Minsk Tractor Works

Everything estimated meticulously

elarus’ macroeconomic forecast for 2012 is rather ambitious, with plans to raise exports and ensure GDP growth. However, it’s difficult to outline all parameters until inflation is brought into line.

Debit with credit

How will Belarusian incomes and expenditures be distributed this coming year? The variables haven’t been

беларусь.belarus 2012

disclosed, with the Government taking longer than usual to approve the state budget. However, we do know that it will be balanced. In 2012, Br141.8 trillion, or 27.8 percent of GDP, is to arrive as income from the consolidated budget while expenditure will equal the same amount. Balancing the budget is one of the most vital principles for any state, as the total amount of envisaged expenditure shouldn’t exceed total earnings.

The 2012 budget will preserve its social orientation, with a considerable part being spent on salaries, pensions, scholarships, allowances and other payments, as well as on the implementation of state social standards. Priorities are healthcare and education, with over two million square metres of state subsidised housing to be constructed for those in need. Real salaries in the state sector will comprise at least 5 percent of the budget. In 2012, Br8.9 trillion is being allocated for social programmes, including those helping young people, and subsidising communal and transport services. Funding of the agro-industrial complex is being reduced, with money directed towards agro-industrial development via modernisation and renewal of machinery, energy saving measures and agrarian science, as well as subsidised interest rates on bank loans. In 2012, Br2.6 trillion is being allocated to the development of industry, construction and architecture. The latest budget aims to give regions greater financial independence, with a new approach. It’s decided to abolish the formation of certain state targeted funds; in addition, expenditure (financed by these funds) is now being covered from the budget’s general revenue. The Government forecasts 5-5.5 percent GDP growth this coming year, with economic growth generated from domestic resources. This reflects wider forecasts for the world economy and is guided by our major trading partners abroad. by Pavel Staradinov

Context

Modern technologies to meet in park

Masterclass for colleagues Grodno Regional Clinical Perinatal Centre joins Belarus-Kazakhstan programme of international co-operation in the sphere of health protection

National Science Academy keen to take part in Belarusian-Chinese industrial park projects

“T

he concentration of modern technologies and equipment in one place presents a great opportunity for scientists,” notes the Chairman of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Anatoly Rusetsky. He stresses that the Academy of Science is ready to take part in realising park projects connected with the biotechnological and pharmaceutical sectors. “There will be opportunities for serious investments, so we’d like to take part in biotechnology and pharmaceutical ventures with definite offers,” he adds. “We see ourselves operating in this field.”

Mr. Rusetsky admits that Belbiograd could join the future Belarusian-Chinese industrial park in Belarus, although he notes that no final decision has been taken. The Belarusian-Chinese industrial park would be a multi-profile structure focusing on innovative products. A treaty on co-operation regarding the Belarusian-Chinese industrial park was signed in Minsk in September 2011, with construction due to begin in 2012, near the capital. At least $1bn of direct Chinese investments are to be involved, allowing science-driven goods to be produced. These would change the import structure of the country, with household appliances being among the goods manufactured.

Full interaction expected Belarus and Serbia sign agreement on mutual assistance in customs matters

he Chairman of the State Customs Committee, Alexander Shpilevsky, has met the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Serbia to Belarus, Stojan Jevtic, to sign an agreement on mutual assistance in customs matters. The document establishes goals, principles and procedures for the provision of mutual assistance and allows for close interaction across the most important aspects of customs co-operation — including in the field of law enforcement and confirmation of customs value. According to the State Customs Committee, the agreement would bring co-operation between the customs bodies of Belarus and Serbia to a new level. This is especially important as bilateral trade is growing between our two states, following an intergovernmental agreement on free trade. Belarus has now signed two multilateral international agreements within the CIS and the Customs Union, in addition to 15 bilateral international agreements on co-operation and mutual assistance in customs affairs: with Azerbaijan, Italy, Iran, Libya, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Vietnam, Slovakia, Turkey, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Ukraine, Finland and Turkmenistan.

he Grodno doctors were first invited to share their experience with Kazakh colleagues in 2010. After hearing their seminars, the eastern doctors praised the level of the Grodno specialists’ expertise and an agreement was concluded with the Grodno Regional Clinical Perinatal Centre, to bring Belarusian doctors and nurses to Kazakhstan regularly. Last year, Belarusian doctors visited five Kazakh cities, offering master classes and seminars and sharing experience on how best to help pregnant women and newborn babies. They also shared practical knowledge in the field of diagnostics and treatment of obstetrical pathology, including how to revive babies born with immediate problems. The Grodno doctors have given consultations to severely ill patients in Uralsk, Aktay, Atyrau, Taraz and Kyzylord, while participating in operations. The Kazakhs have sent letters of gratitude to the Grodno Regional Clinical Perinatal Centre, noting the great professionalism of Belarusian specialists. As the medical establishment’s Head Doctor, Victor Liskovich, tells us, in 2012, the Centre is to liaise with Kazakhstani maternity homes. The country has already expressed its interest, with support promised from the Belarusian Embassy to Kazakhstan.

2012 беларусь.belarus

Economics

Precise navigation

he Government and National Bank hope to see 2012 become a year of balanced development for the Belarusian economy. The mistakes which resulted in the devaluation of the Belarusian Rouble and hyper-inflation should be corrected. Now, the priority is to slow consumer price growth and achieve a positive payment balance. To achieve this, the state plans to cut monetary emission as far as possible, while reconsidering budget expenses and toughening criteria for state support. These steps are hoped to keep inflation within a corridor of 19-22 percent this year. To stimulate exports, privatisation and enhanced efficiency of property management, the Government and the National Bank plan to reach positive figures in foreign trade. In 2012, the attraction of direct foreign investments will come under focus; these are clearly an important source of funding to improve exports and, thereby, the balance of payments. A strategy has been adopted to attract direct foreign investments until 2015, envisaging serious tax and institutional reform. As a result, Belarus should become an extremely attractive venue for business activity in the Single Economic Space.

беларусь.belarus 2012

Stage of revival

Experts believe that, in the first half of 2012, Belarus’ economy will develop modestly. According to the IPM Research Centre’s forecast, GDP may fall by 1.9-2.4 percent from JanuaryFebruary (against the same period of 2011). From March-April, it will ‘reach its cyclical bottom’, before shifting ‘from a stage of recession to one of revival’. The Institute has drawn its conclusions from several leading indicators: dynamics of cargo transportation, ready made products’ stocks, bank loans, selling of construction materials in the retail network and some other internal figures. External factors are the Russian PTC index and prices for ‘Ural’ oil, since these affect the potential buying power of Russian consumers for Belarusian products (Russia remains the major importer of Belarus-made high-tech products). The Research Centre notes that inflation — which rose by 108 percent in 2011 in Belarus — has been slowing since early 2012. This should result in more accessible loans. In January, the National Bank’s refinancing rate stood at 45 percent per annum. Although this is much lower than the 2011 index of consumer prices, credits have become almost inaccessible to many Belarusian

enterprises. As the Belarusian share market is not yet as developed as that of Russia, bank loans are the most important source of funds into basic capital (reaching 33.9 percent of the total — against 8.6 percent in Russia). Experts note that the accessibility of credit has been a key factor in Belarusian GDP growth for the past five years. The reduction of interest rates in 2012 should ‘warm up’ economic activity, while increasing investments and domestic demand. The First Deputy Chairman of the National Bank’s Board, Nikolai Luzgin, announced plans in January to gradually reduce the refinancing rate. The National Bank hopes that, by late 2012, it will stand at 22-23 percent. The D eput y Dire c tor of t he National Academy of Sciences’ Centre of System Analysis and Strategic Research, Alexander Gotovsky, views these plans as realistic. “Growth in the consumer price index has begun to slow, so inflation like that of 2011 is not expected,” he stresses. According to Mr. Gotovsky, prices for meat, fish, sugar, sunflower oil and other foods have actually altered with the Rouble devaluation, so there is no more room for them to grow. As regards prices fixed by the Government — for petrol, diesel fuel, and housing-and-communal services

Economics

— only a gradual increase is possible. “With this in mind, I believe that, on seeing the results of January-February and the reduced pace of inflation, the National Bank will decide to reduce the refinancing rate. Loans could become more accessible from March,” he notes.

Stable rate

A stable rate for the Belarusian Rouble against foreign currencies will act as ‘an anchor’ for inflation. The National Bank emphasises that the Rouble won’t be supported administratively; previously, a corridor for the national currency’s fluctuations was set against a basket of foreign currencies (the Dollar, Euro and Russian Rouble). In 2011, this stood at plus/minus 8 percent but, this year, the National Bank plans to follow market pricing — as recommended by the International Monetary Fund.

The Belarusian Rouble’s exchange rate will be formed with minimal participation from the National Bank, proceeding from supply and demand for foreign currency (influenced by fundamental macroeconomic factors). The bank does plan to conduct foreign currency interventions on a limited scale, in order to restrain sharp fluctuations in the cost of the Rouble in the basket of foreign currencies. All these approaches are fixed by a monetarycredit policy approved by the President for 2012. The Chair of the National Bank’s Board, Nadezhda Yermakova, specifies that only sums available from the National Bank’s ‘surplus of gold and currency reserves’ will be used to support the Rouble’s exchange rate. Taking into account new foreign currency inflow and payment obligations (in 2012, Belarus will pay $1.6bn

of foreign debt), the country’s gold and currency reserves should stand at $6.17bn by the end of 2012 (under international methods). Experts note that Belarus has begun 2012 with a record amount of gold and currency reserves: $8bn. However, loans from the National Bank and the Government account for most of the sum, in addition to income generated from privatisation of the gas-transport system. In late 2011, Russian Gazprom purchased 100 percent of Beltransgas shares, having previously owned half. Belarus earned $2.5bn from the sale of the remaining 50 percent. Mr. Gotovsky notes that it’s difficult to forecast the Belarusian Rouble’s rate until the end of the year. However, it will remain stable at least in the first half of 2012. The economy has every chance to balance itself. “This will happen if the external market situation doesn’t

2012 беларусь.belarus

Economics worsen for Belarusian manufacturers, making the National Bank bring in a tough monetary policy,” he explains. In previous years, policy was soft, with monetary reserves growing at an accelerated speed, allowing the financing of a large volume of state programmes, major projects and constructions (which often failed to prove economically viable). Non-prop or tional expenses led to a significant growth in imports, while creating pressure on the foreign currency market; this was one of the reasons for the Belarusian Rouble’s devaluation and high inflation. Experts note that the problem is rooted not only in the scale of state support for the economy but in a lack of efficiency. Many financed projects are unprofitable, failing to generate enough foreign currency. With this in mind, in 2012, the Government and the National Bank are changing their view on the provision of state support for the private sector. Its volume will be cut while conditions will become tougher, reflecting the market. The Development Bank (a new specialised establishment) shall act as an agent of the Government, providing credit for state programmes. Its funds will be formed on the account of the Finance Ministry’s deposits (the sums will be stipulated by the budget) and repaid budget loans. The bank shall allocate money on conditions ‘of promptness, ability to pay and return’. A qualitative business plan will be needed to receive a state loan and funds will only be granted ‘on condition of economic feasibility and financial efficiency’. The attitude towards risk is also changing: borrowers will either need to place a guaranteed deposit with the bank or issue guarantees ‘enough to fully repay the loan’. Economists from the Research Centre of the Institute for Entrepreneurship and Management believe that, from 2012, the approach to state programme financing will become stricter. Borrowers’ discipline should improve as a result, positively

беларусь.belarus 2012

influencing the financial sector and the economy in general.

Promising strategy

The Government and the National Bank are relying on attracting direct foreign investments this year. The arrival of capital and the establishment of competitive export oriented facilities should improve the state balance. In January, the Government and t he Nat i ona l B an k approved a strateg y to attract direct foreign investments, running until 2015. It aims to stimulate inflow of foreign capital, advanced technologies, and managerial marketing expertise to ensure ‘facilitated development of exports’ while better ensuring repayment ability. The reduction of ‘non-rational imports’ is also envisaged. The state hopes to see the country establish production facilities with high added value, while raising the production of science-intense and hightech products. This is especially topical as, in recent years, export diversity has fallen; it now mostly comprises raw material products — oil products and potash fertilisers. Meanwhile, quickly developing states have observed the opposite, with more highadded-value products sold. The National Bank and the Government’s strategy defines the attraction of direct foreign investments towards high-tech avenues: pharmaceuticals, bio- and nano-technologies, new materials and informationcommunication technologies. Belarus also hopes to attract direct foreign investments into its traditional branches: chemical production, manufacturing of machinery and equipment, production of electronic and optical equipment, car building, construction, production of building

materials, agriculture, processing and light industry. The state hopes to build existing enterprises into networks of transnational corporations — especially car building (the largest sector of

the Belarusian economy). To attract direct foreign investments, we need to establish joint enterprises with large foreign corporations, in addition to making international alliances for the manufacture of car components, cargo trucks and agricultural machinery.

Economics Experts note that, to realise the outlined plans, the state must simplify its taxation system and reduce the tax burden. Institutional aspects also need to change greatly. Minsk will need

$3,000 in Russia and over $5,000 in Kazakhstan. What measures are to be taken to make Belarus a more attractive venue for investment within the Single Economic Space?

Protection of investments and privatisation

to rival Moscow and Astana, which are also working on improving their business conditions. So far, our Single Economic Space neighbours are at an advantage regarding direct foreign investments. Last year, these reached $1,063 per capita in Belarus — against

In 2012, the Belarusian Government is focusing on the field of taxation, aiming to stimulate the attraction of investments. On January 1st, profit tax was reduced to 18 percent (from 24 percent) — becoming the lowest figure in the Single Economic Space; in Russia and Kazakhstan, the tax stands at 20 percent. However, experts note that the overall tax burden on Belarusian enterprises remains higher than in other Single Economic Space countries — as explained by our differing economic structures. In Russia and Kazakhstan, oil and gas generate most budget revenue — primarily, through the extraction of mineral resources. Belarus, meanwhile, lacks hydrocarbon reserves with which to generate income. Secondly, Belarusian enterprises are taxed heavily to pay for the great number of state programmes which fund such social measures as privileged loans for accommodation, free medicine and education. However, the accumulated imbalance of 2011, which resulted in three-time devaluation of the national currency, has inspired the National Bank and the Government to reconsider this approach. State expenses are to be cut, while raising the efficiency of how budgetary funds are applied. These measures should allow the tax burden on enterprises to be reduced.

The state also plans to simplify tax administration, while improving its position in the World Bank’s Doing Business report (under the criteria of tax payment). To attract direct foreign investments, international standards of financial accounting are also to be applied. The state also plans to significantly improve the institutional sphere, while protecting investors’ rights and aiding privatisation processes; this should create a more attractive business climate. The Government and the National Bank are eager to ensure transparency in state bodies’ functioning, following principles of competitiveness. Investors’ legal rights and property must be protected; the National Academy of Sciences’ Economic Institute notes that this is a priority for businesses operating in Belarus. Clear legislation, positive law practice and well established court mechanisms for property protection are to send an important signal to investors, contributing to the inflow of capital. The facilitation of privatisation processes is another powerful way to attract investments. In Belarus, the state owns approximately 70-80 percent of all business — not only major strategic enterprises (such as Belaruskali, Belarusian Railways, Beltelecom electric communications and other key sites) but many from the consumer sector. Accordingly, private investors have a great deal of choice in Belarus; in Russia and Kazakhstan, most similar enterprises have already been privatised. The Belarusian Government has announced plans to cut the share of the state sector and privatise state property in coming years. Annual revenue from privatisation should reach at least $2.5bn, aiding the balance of payments for the country. Indirect profit will be raised by increasing the efficiency of property management and the production of export oriented products (with high added value). Salaries are also expected to rise. By Vladimir Vasiliev

2012 беларусь.belarus

Panorama  Gold reserve Preliminary data indicates that, as of January 1st, 2012, Belarus’ gold and currency reserves have reached a record high, totalling $7,915,900,000 (by IMF definition)

 From Germany and Russia to India and Indonesia In 2012, Belarus to organise eight national exhibitions abroad

ccording to the Trade Ministry, in January, a national stand will be organised at the Green Week International Exhibition in Berlin (Germany). Meanwhile, in March, Belarus will be represented at the Heavy Duty Vehicle and Equipment International Exhibition in Indonesian Jakarta. In April, we are to attend the Vietnam Expo-2012 in Hanoi (Vietnam) and then the Hanover Industrial Fair (Germany). In June, our country will take part in the Harbin International Economic and Trade Fair (China). In July, we’ll attend the Innoprom International Ural Exhibition in Yekaterinburg (Russia) and, in AugustSeptember, a national exhibition-fair is to be hosted by Moscow (Russia). In November, the Indian International Trade Fair is being held in New Delhi. “These events are being hosted by regional economic centres, enabling us to attract business circles from host countries to the Belarusian stand, alongside those from neighbouring states who are keen to co-operate with our Republic,” stresses the Trade Ministry. It notes that Belarus needs to preserve and strengthen its place on traditional sales markets (such as Russia and Germany), while promoting goods and services to new regions — such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia and India, where export potential is yet to be reached.

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n 2011, our reserves (as defined by the IMF) rose by $2,885,200,000 — up over 57 percent. These considerably outstrip the forecast (envisaged by the monetarycredit policy for 2011, which estimated $6,230,700,000 by January 1st, 2012). Considerable growth in gold and currency reserves in late 2011 was influenced by the arrival of $2.5bn, from the sale of the remaining 50 percent of Beltransgas’ shares. In December, the second tranche of funds also arrived from the EurAsEC Anti-Crisis Fund (worth $440m) as did a syndicated loan worth $1bn, from Sberbank of Russia and the Eurasian Development Bank (allocated to Belaruskali JSC). Meanwhile, the Government and the National Bank have fully met their external and internal obligations in foreign currency. Belarus’ gold and currency reserves are currently sufficient to cover almost two months of imports. The National Bank prognoses that, by the end of 2012, the country’s international reserve assets should stand at $7bn (by IMF definition) — taking into account payment of external and internal obligations in foreign currency and the actuation of foreign investments into the national economy.

 Amkodor builds up holding Company to complete all related formalities by end of H1 2012

he structure necessary for a holding is ready, as General Director Valery Kondratchik explains, “The holding is ‘de facto’ almost ready. We’re fully managing all our companies, holding control stocks and controlling everything — including financial flow. Accordingly, we’ll probably establish the holding by the end of the first half of the year.”

He notes that finances need to be transferred directly via a holding structure, without accompanying taxes. “The key is to create a powerful conglomerate, with serious basic funds and pure capital — to participate in IPO,” Mr. Kondratchik adds. Assessing the prospects of participating in IPO, Mr. Kondratchik tells us that it could become possible within 5-6 years. According to its General Director, the company’s price is too modest to make a sale viable at present but its shares should rise in value in coming years. Not long ago, Amkodor celebrated its 85th anniversary. To date, it has manufactured over 150,000 varieties of machinery and equipment, while its designers have developed over 700 machine models. The Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration, Andrei Tur, has congratulated the company on its jubilee.

Panorama  Bus placed on rails

 Hospitable acquaintance

A carriage diesel train — a joint project by Belkommunmash, Minsk’s Wagon Repair Plant and a Polish holding — is successfully undergoing acceptance tests

2012 is the Year of Books, with the Living Signatures project showing the writers, publicists and artists brought forth by Gomel

n coming months, the rail bus should replace long suburban trains on less busy sections of the Gomel and Vitebsk branches of Belarusian Railways. The exact lines haven’t yet been disclosed, as analysis is still being conducted. By the end of the year, six similar buses will have been supplied, each resembling a futuristic tram in design. They can carry 90 passengers and may accelerate up to 120kmh with minimum noise, while using three times less fuel than traditional diesel trains. The technical characteristics are impressive.

 Black swift is bird of the year In choosing a ‘bird of the year’ ornithologists take into account several criteria: the species should be widely recognisable and found countrywide, yet be in need of help via the Bird of the Year campaign

his year, ornithologists plan to more thoroughly study the spread and habitat of black swifts in Belarus, developing a plan of action to preserve them. “At present, our population of black swifts is found primarily in cities, living under roofs and in the cracks of high-rise buildings,” notes Ruslan Shaikin, who specialises in ecological education with the ABP-BirdLife Belarus Public Association. “Numbers in Belarus remain quite stable but it’s vital that we support this trend.” For Black Swift — Bird of the Year 2012, seminars and exhibitions are to

“During tests, the rail bus needs to fulfil technical targets: mechanical, functional, ecological, electromagnetic compatibility, aerodynamics and ergonomics, not to mention safety factors (including fire resistance),” notes the press ser vice of Belarusian Railways. be organised, alongside contests for the best drawing, poster and photo of the bird. Ornithologists plan to attract the public’s attention towards environmental problems, while encouraging people to put up bird boxes for nesting. “Following international experience, we’d like to make and hang boxes able to accommodate several bird families,” continues Mr. Shaikin. “These ‘multifamily’ boxes have partitions, so each resident feels at home.” Around 140-160 thousand pairs of black swift reside in Belarus. These spend most of their life in the air and are the fastest birds, able to fly up to 112kmh. The Bird of the Year campaign is held annually in Belarus, aiming to spread information on various local species of birds and their habitats. Previously, the curlew, great white heron, fray goose, great gray owl, house martin, oriole, white wagtail, stork, house sparrow and nightingale have been given the honour.

he project is being overseen by the Museum of Signatures, organised at the city library named after Gertsen. During this Year of Books, prominent Gomel residents are to hold open discussions to look at the literature and art, research and scientific studies of the city. Every meeting will be dedicated to the release of a new work by each — with scientist Alexander Rogalev, writer Grigory Andreevets and artist Robert Landarsky taking part.

 Ice glacier brings stone giant Unusual monument recently appears in Gomel Region’s Mozyr

he ‘new occupant’ is impressive in size, being around 3m high and weighing 90,000kg. The boulder was found not far from the village of Drozdy, in the suburbs of Mozyr, with specialists needing two days to dig it out, using a crane with a capacity of 500 tonnes. The stone is at least 15,000 years old, having been transported to Belarus by an ice glacier. It is part of our planet’s history. A memorial plaque may appear on the boulder, marking the most vital dates in the history of Mozyr.

2012 беларусь.belarus

Belta

Transport

At speed of modern express train

elarusian Railways has changed its ‘face’ with the new Swiss Stadler electric train. Last year, ten of these eco-friendly trains arrived in Belarus, updating the domestic sector of passenger transportation, bringing comfort, speed and security to our inner-city and regional lines. Meanwhile, Belarus is reconstructing its railway stations large and small, modernising its tracks and changing its philosophy of passenger service. City lines are enjoying a new format of passenger transportation, initiated by Belarusian Railways in 2011, using six new Swiss-made electric trains. Regional lines have followed, serviced by four modern trains, and plans are afoot for inter-regional, commercial and international lines. As in Europe, it will soon be common for Belarusians to commute

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to work by train, at fast speeds. The new trend is inspired by Minsk’s nearness to ultimate capacity for expansion. Satellitetowns are needed to ease the burden, connected to the centre by reliable and quick transportation. Already, railway lines are being laid to Zaslavl, Kolyadichi and Smolevichi (30-40km from Minsk), although new residential housing is still under construction. Belarusian Railways tells us that city electric trains are unrivalled in their speed, comfort and value for money. Encouraging commuting will ease the burden on the capital’s road network and on public transport, while improving the quality of air. The new trains will be an overland metro. Belarusian Railways has signed a contract with Swiss Stadler for the purchase of ten modern electric trains, with the last dispatched in early 2012.

Each city line train comprises four carriages — able to transport 606 passengers, at a speed of 160km/h. In fact, this is quicker than the metro, significantly reducing travel time, while providing spacious and comfortable seating. All trains give a smooth ride and boast doors equipped with air curtains to keep the interior warm. Even the floor is heated and is placed lower than usual, to aid entry. All carriages are equipped with air conditioning, a video surveillance system and information displays, while vacuum toilets ensure hygiene. On each train, one carriage offers a multi-functional zone for physically disabled passengers, while accommodating those travelling with bicycles and prams. The new city line trains are also excellent value for money, costing just $0.20 for a 21km journey. Eventually,

Transport these will connect Minsk to every satellitetown, at a price affordable to all. Stadler trains — servicing interregional lines — are already operational, offering comfortable trips from Minsk to Orsha (not far from the Russian capital). They also service the Minsk-Baranovichi route and travel on to Brest. It’s now possible to cross Belarus quickly and relatively cheaply. In the future, interregional lines will connect all six regional centres countrywide, offering economy and business class — graded by comfort and speed. International lines will transport passengers to neighbouring states, with the journey to Lithuanian Vilnius taking just two and a half to three hours. Commercial lines are also to be launched (at specially agreed terms). A new national standard exists in Belarus: STB 2220-2011. This sets uniform requirements regarding the classification of trains — specifying infrastructure, carriages and services offered. Inter-regional, regional and city lines need to be equipped with air conditioning, heating and video surveillance as standard, with speed and size stipulated. For example, a business class train serving inter-regional lines must travel at an average speed of no less than 90 km/h, stopping at towns with a population of over 50,000 people. To travel to a smaller town, passengers can change at hub stations, boarding an economy class train which makes stops at settlements of over 20,000 residents. Importantly, trains travelling at night will have comfortable sleeping berths. A typical regional line connects Minsk, Smolevichi, Zhodion and Borisov and stretches for 80km. Around 225,000 people live in the region and many study or work in the capital, also making business journeys or taking shopping, cinema or theatre trips. Ever y year, passenger flow grows, although one-way travel by ordinary electric train takes about 90 minutes. This is

largely owing to the many stops en route: 19 in all. A business class train makes just a couple of stops, travelling at an average speed of 100km/h and speeding up journey time between Borisov and Minsk considerably. Inter-regional business class trains are to stop at cities with a population of over 100,000 (the Brest-Minsk route has only one such stop — at Baranovichi). This reduces travel time to between three hours and three hours, 30 minutes: crucial to businessmen. Journeys to Vitebsk, Gomel and Mogilev will take almost the same length of time (as will connection between each). Importantly, passengers will be able to identify their trains easily at stations, as they are colour coded, while also having a flower symbol and an abbreviation in letters. City lines are red, with the emblem of a carnation and the Latin letters CL. Regional business class lines are blue, with the letters RLb; inter-regional trains are green and international are yellow. All meet European standards. Needless to say, such improvements have required huge efforts from Belarusian Railways: an updated fleet of electric trains and the reconstruction of rail lines and stations. Work has followed the state programme for the

branch’s development for 2011-2015. Already, Minsk’s train depot is equipped with the latest technology and fully qualified specialists service the new trains. Rail infrastructure has been modernised, with platforms and train floors level, to ensure easy boarding. New underground tunnels for passengers guarantee safe passage from one platform to another and a third major railway line has been laid. In the course of time, Minsk-Severny station will be connected with Molodezhnaya metro station by tunnel. In line with the programme, in five years’ time, Belarus plans to electrify the Osipovichi-Gomel, ZhlobinKalinkovichi, and MolodechnoLithuanian lines. In all, 29 electric and 20 diesel trains are to be purchased, in addition to 182 passenger carriages. Passenger train speeds will rise to 140160km/h, making rail journeys comfortable and quick — as if by air. By Vladimir Yakovlev

2012 беларусь.belarus

Innovations

Gene will get a passport

Belta

National Centre for Genome Biotechnologies opens in Minsk

Employees of the Republican Centre of Genome Biotechnology Nina Balashenko and Yelena Kuzminova conduct genetic research

he Director of the Institute for Genetics and Cytology at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Alexander Kilchevsky, tells us that services are being provided in the field of genome biotechnology to the ministries of Agriculture and Food, Sports and Tourism, and Natural Resources and Environmental Protection. Other legal entities and individuals, including those from abroad, are able to make use of the National Centre of Genome Biotechnology, which is a unique multi-field innovative agency — unrivalled in the CIS. The Centre has been founded from the accredited Centre of DNA Biotechnologies at the NAS’ Institute of Genetics and Cytology and the Genome Centre for Collective Use — as part of the current state innovative development programme. It aims to determine the presence of genetically modified ingredients in raw foods, agricultural products, feeds and seeds, while identifying DNA-markers for the certification of crop varieties. It will also work on identifying the genes responsible for positive characteristics and

беларусь.belarus 2012

hereditary diseases in animals, alongside those responsible for the individual characteristics of people. Preparatory works are complete, allowing accreditation for marker-assisted selection of agricultural plants, DNA-typing of rare and disappearing plant and animal species, and the molecular-genetic identification of bacteria. A Health Ministry license has been given for medical activity. The Centre and the Institute have successfully passed international STB ISO 9001-2009 quality management certification, with a corresponding certificate already received. The Centre should reach its designed capacity in December 2013: 7,000 tests per year. Mr. Kilchevsky believes that this will bring commercialisation of genome research in Belarus, while laying the foundations for domestic genome biotechnology, fully meeting the country’s needs. The Chief Scientific Secretary of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Sergey Chizhik, notes that the establishment of the Centre is a great innovative achievement, bringing the opportunity to attract non-budgetary financing and allow employees to earn more under current conditions.

Action

he town has taken the baton from Gomel, which was simultaneously the cultural capital of Belarus and the CIS. In 2011, it hosted 220 exhibitions, concerts and events of regional, national and international level. The Cultural Capital of Belarus campaign was launched in early 2010, aiming to promote national culture countrywide, while attracting tourists to small towns. Polotsk was the first to be chosen. The Radziwill Palace will be one of the major concert grounds for the 2012 cultural capital, hosting the Muses of Nesvizh Festival, as well as opera and ballet evenings and exhibitions from leading Belarusian museums. The honoured amateur

Back to Nesvizh The TOWN rich in traditions became the cultural capital of Belarus in 2012

By Yelena Nekrashevich

Belta

Franciska Ursula Radziwill Theatre, from the Nesvizh District Culture and Leisure Centre, is performing new works and is currently touring the country. Twenty seven restored rooms are opening at Nesvizh Castle, which is registered on UNESCO’s World Heritage List, with the rest of the estate. It is one of the most interesting architectural sites in Europe, having been

built by Mikolaj Krzysztof Radziwill Sierotka; construction was launched in 1583, headed by Italian architect Giovanni Maria Bernardoni. Initially, the castle was a fort but, over four centuries, additions were made, creating a more intricate palace complex. In 2011, the palace estate was given to the Nesvizh Museum-Reserve and, in 2004, restoration works began. By December 2011, three restored halls had opened to tourists: the Balny (ballroom), Kaminny (fireplace) and Maly Stolovy (small dining room). Panels, columns and architrave coving, alongside chandeliers, remain in the White Balny Hall. A19th century set of dining furniture has been especially bought to recreate the feel of the original room. Meanwhile, Kaminny Hall boasts a mantelpiece, stove and wooden wall panelling, as well as an impressive wooden beamed ceiling, under which Radziwill portraits hang. Restorers still continue to work in many rooms. Sergey Klimov, Director of the Nesvizh Museum-Reserve, leads me to the Virgin Mary Chapel, where memorial plaques bearing inscriptions on marble have been installed. One reads: ‘Dare, John! You’ll win!’ The plaque is dedicated to King John Sobieski who, in the 17th century, saved the Austrian capital by heading the Polish-Ukrainian-Belarusian-Lithuanian army against Turkish troops. Services are to be held on holidays while, during the week, it will be ‘transformed’ into an organ concert hall. Alongside the famous castle in Nesvizh, the district boasts dozens of sites of architectural, historical and natural interest which remain relatively unknown. The district administration plans to expand ties with tourist firms in Belarus and abroad to promote Nesvizh, making it famous worldwide, as it was in the days of the Radziwills.

2012 беларусь.belarus

Overcoming

here are over 20,000 wheelchair users in Belarus; each year, the number rises by 400. Accordingly, the country is implementing a state programme to improve the quality of life of those who are less mobile. Among its measures is the organisation of sports competitions and dances. Irina Mazharova of Mogilev received terrible injuries in a road accident, leaving her sunk in depression for seven years. However, she began learning to wheelchair dance, harnessing all her willpower to ‘return to life’. For a decade before her accident, she had enjoyed folk dancing. Now, after regaining some fitness, she has won the World Cup and the Continental Cup, while also becoming silver medallist in the Wheelchair Dance Sport World Championships. Dmitry Loban of the Brest Region was hit by a train and survived by a miracle; however, he will be a wheelchair user for his remaining days. Dance has also given him a reason to enjoy life again. He has twice been named Belarus’ champion and took bronze at the winter Paralympics-2010, hosted by Vancouver. Minsker Yelena Serkulskaya suffered severe trauma to her spine while freestyle skiing. She didn’t leave her flat for a decade but dance has helped her overcome her terrible depression. She has three times been named world champion and European champion twice. Since her accident, she has graduated from university, married and now helps others who find themselves in a similar situation of losing their mobility. It’s impossible not to feel huge admiration for these people, who have overcome such a reversal of fortune. Our admiration is far stronger than any feelings of compassion or pity — as are natural in such situations. Since 1996, Belarusian wheelchair users haven’t missed a single major international competition and have earned dozens of gold medals. We can’t help but wonder who organises their training…

беларусь.belarus 2012

Dance breathes new life When we’re healthy and young, we seldom think of how handicapped people live. However, according to statistical data, 10 percent of the planet’s inhabitants are disabled: through injury on the road or from work accidents; as a result of military conflict; or simply through disease. Many are disabled from birth. Of course, however great disablement may be, everyone has the right to a full life. Our attitude towards the handicapped is a sign of our humanity The fullest answer can be given by Valery Kolomiets, a famous track-andfield athlete and former coach. His pupil, Belarusian Oleg Sheshel, was part of the Soviet Paralympics team, at Seoul in October 1988. Oleg now holds three Paralympic golds and heads the Belarusian Paralympic Committee. Meanwhile, Mr. Kolomiets is the Chairman of the Belarusian Foundation for the Support of Disabled Athletes, the Director of the Dancing and Recuperation Centre and an Honoured Coach of Belarus. “Some twenty years ago, in the former USSR, the idea was just forming of helping those who had partially lost their mobility to return to a full life via dance,” explains Mr. Kolomiets. “What is dance? It is a connection: a dialogue. When we stretch out an arm to a partner and look into their eyes, we dance. The major aim is to combat loneliness. Our

group of enthusiasts decided to set up a centre; the state gave us eight hectares of land on a former military training range, as well as several cottages which needed restoration, and assisted in finishing a sports hall. Since 2003, thousands of disabled people from Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan have completed our wheelchair dancing programme. Now, our colleagues from Azerbaijan and other countries of the former USSR plan to join our programme.” On a bright winter’s day, we set off to Kolodishchi, located near Minsk, to see how the programme really works. After the road sign, the car turns off the motorway into a street of attractive cottages. We have to stop at the gates of the rehabilitation centre, which is surrounded by a coniferous forest on the other side. Through an open-work fence, we can already see activity on

Overcoming

Irina Gordeeva of Moscow has passed 14 dance training courses at the recuperation centre of the Belarusian Foundation for the Support of Disabled Athletes

the ski track; a group of handicapped children from Moscow are enjoying their final day — many accompanied by their parents. The rehabilitation centre takes an individual approach to each child. Some train in the fitness hall or go skiing; others might draw and cut figures from paper. Everyone enjoys the excursions to Minsk and theatre visits. Communicating with peers and finding new experiences brings hope and joy. In summer, children have the chance to garden in a greenhouse, feed chickens or visit Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve, which offers tasty shashlyk, fishing and its unique nature museum. It’s sometimes more difficult to work with adults, as they tend to suffer more from depression. The centre aims to give them more responsibilities and independence, such as letting them shop for food; kitchen units are found in every

bedroom and, of course, there are plenty of market stalls and stores nearby. Each person takes their turn to cook. Involved with the project are Yelena Shilkina, an Associated Professor of the Choreography Chair at the Belarusian State University, choreographer Antonina Khalipskaya — a scholarship holder of the President’s Sports Club, and Larisa Klementenok — an international class Master of Sports of the USSR. They are assisted on a voluntary basis by former and current centre pupils, such as world wheelchair sport dance champion Alexey Zukhtikov and European champion Anna Sirotyuk, as well as students from the Belarusian University of Culture, who take internships at the centre. If necessary, medical assistance is provided. The centre has its own dentist (paid for from its own funds) where guests can receive treatment free of charge or at a considerable discount.

Only the wheelchair-bound know how much sweat and how many tears must be shed to make their wheelchair as obedient as the legs of a dancer. Irina Gordeeva of Moscow has passed 14 dance training courses at the recuperation centre of the Belarusian Foundation for the Support of Disabled Athletes; she’s now a world and Russian champion. She helped set up the Moscow Wheelchair Dance Sport Federation where she trains others voluntarily, reproducing her Belarusian experience. It’s arousing very serious interest. Since 2006, the Belarusian dance and rehabilitation centre and the Moscow Filantrop Fund have organised a dance training programme for handicapped children without parental guardians. Needless to say, they appreciate attention even more than children from loving families. Those from the boarding school in the small Belarusian town of Ivenets will long remember their trips to Moscow for open championships, where they have won three times. Dr. Gertruda Krombholz, from Munich, is also involved; her aid with the BelarusianRussian programme for wheelchair dance no doubt helped them win the highest awards at the World Championships in Hanover in 2010. The Belarusian delegation also took part in the 1st European Social Dance Congress, organised under the auspices of the EU in German Bochum. The Belarusian programme of social rehabilitation for disabled people through wheelchair dance has gained recognition there. In particular, it has been highly praised by Regina van Dinther, the President of Landtag, of the North Rhine-Westphalia region. Medals earned in sport halls are worth more than we might think. They signify a return to life. With self-esteem comes the ability to fall in love and the desire to raise children; some couples already have two children. We can all learn from their determination and courage; if we remain strong in spirit, we can achieve our goals, learning again to appreciate and love life! By Vladimir Atamovich

2012 беларусь.belarus

Traditions

On threshold of spring!

Belta

Famous Slavic Maslenitsa is the time for hot pancakes, ton-up coasting and good mood

he week before Maslenitsa is known in Belarus as ‘rabaya’ (translated as ‘colourful’). This may seem strange. However, it relates to the small pieces of meat which are eaten — prepared back in Kolyady (the Christmas festival), having been smoked, salted and air-dried. Before the fasting of Lent, Christians traditionally eat their

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Maslenitsa holiday in village of Zakalnoye, Lyuban District, Minsk Region

stores of meat and dairy products. Of course, the festival actually has its roots in our pagan past, as Yelena DovnarZapolskaya, a researcher at the K. Krapiva Institute of Arts, Ethnography and Folklore at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, explains. She tells us, “Ancient elements of Slavonic culture, some utterly unique, remain in Belarus more than anywhere else. A phenomenal layer of folklore is

currently being explored with Russian researchers.” Belarusian Maslenitsa boasts ancient pagan roots, which may be why it largely survived Soviet times, being adapted to ‘say farewell’ to Russian winter. Soviet tolerance towards this festival allowed it to keep its ancient name; it was originally called Maslenitsa—Valosse (unique among Slavonic nations) and has only recently been shortened.

Traditions In ancient times, Maslenitsa was celebrated to honour the pagan god Veles — patron of all earthly affairs. His statue was erected in Kiev, on the most honourable site. Veles symbolised power, strength and health, promoting wealth and success. He watched over families and protected their herds — since these provided milk, butter and cheese. Another ancient name for the holiday is rooted in the Russian word for cheese (Syr) — Syrnitsa. Our ancestors made wonderful cheeses — with ground caraway and salt added to cheese curd. Although the role of Veles was of principal importance, Maslenitsa bears a strongly defined female accent, as women traditionally cared for the cows which fed everyone. A pancake would be baked for each domestic animal in the household, representing good health and yield from each creature, while protecting the herd from evil. When Christianity took over from paganism, the obligations of Veles were transferred to St. Vlasy; on icons, he is shown surrounded by cows, sheep and horses. This tradition remains strong in Belarus.

“Vlasy with oil beard” February 24th is the day of St. Vlasy — also commonly called the ‘cow’s holiday’.

Georgiy Shablyuk

It was widely celebrated in Belarus while preserving its preChristian roots. On that day, men would tame young colts and rode around the village to protect the territory. In the west of the Minsk Region, horns of cows (often named Ragulya or Krasulya) were decorated with heather and paper flowers; meanwhile, every domestic animal was given better fodder. In eastern regions, the Children together with adults take part in Maslenitsa carnival

herd was even brought close to the church on St. Vlasy’s Day and cows were fed with cakes made from milk porridge. Butter was brought to St. Vlasy’s icon and people said: ‘Vlasy is generous with butter’, ‘Take butter with a bucket on Vlasy’s Day’ or ‘Vlasy’s beard is in butter’. Let’s return to Maslenitsa celebrations. Ms. Dovnar-Zapolskaya, is saying farewell to winter an ancient part of Maslenitsa? In past times, Maslenitsa denoted the start of a new year — at least, until 1492. On that day, winter ended and spring commenced. At that time, we celebrated the New Year holiday as they did in the East — according to the lunar calendar. Festivities were accompanied by raucous merrymaking, with people letting off plenty of steam. Including pancakes? Pancakes were plentiful, with various fillings. We’ve lost many traditional recipes, sadly. Women cooked tasty ‘komy’ from butter, curd cheese and nuts, being sweet and salty. Sometimes, parsley was added; special boxes were made to grow parsley in winter — although this wasn’t common in Russia. As I’ve said, they were cooked in great quantities — from buckwheat and rye flour. Pancakes were then rolled, covered with sour cream and butter and placed in the stove.

River fish were always cooked; they were plentiful and even sturgeon swam in the Dnieper River. In fact, sun dried sucking fish were lit as candles.

Masks

Maslenitsa lasted for about a month — like the Western European holiday, which is a ‘close relative’ of our own. However, our Maslenitsa is ancient, almost unchanged since its origin. Of course, it’s developed over the years. People used to wear masks and costumes, and the holiday was crowned with fire; old belongings were burnt in a large fire on the final day of celebrations, to symbolise a departure from the past. Often, people burnt old things to represent destroying the disease and sorrow of the past year. To a certain extent, it was a form of mass psychotherapy… “Among our carnival characters were a doctor, a soldier and a devil,” continues Ms. Dovnar-Zapolskaya. “The doctor cured sheep (symbolising fertility, having the largest yield). The devil protected from other evil spirits — by welcoming in their ‘own’ devil, no other would be required. Schwartz once said that the best way to rid yourself of a dragon is to have your own. Our ancestors also dressed as Gypsies — known for their fires, singing and dancing — and as Poles dancing the exotic Cracovienne (Krakowiak).” What other Maslenitsa traditions were popular among our ancestors? Belarusians called Maslenitsa a ‘small wedding’, since it was a popular date for marriage. Young men and girls who were seen to be procrastinating over wedlock were punished by having a chunk of wood, such as a door, tied to their back for 24 hours! They were prohibited from removing it — on pain of bad luck. The idea was to warn everyone that it was their duty to marry and procreate. Meanwhile, old bachelors might find their doors blocked by huge blocks of timber. Only elderly married women (who had already raised children)

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Traditions were allowed to undertake these punishments. A similar custom existed among the Poles and Germans and, of course, over time, the custom transformed into a gentler version, with ribbons attached to bachelors. Elderly matriarchs were praised for their hard work, sometimes being placed in a wash tub — a symbol of childhood and washing children. These tubs were then dragged through the village (but this was not shameful at all). Additionally, the ancestors were recalled with reverence. The festival began with the Saturday of Remembrance of Departed Parents; pancakes and crumpets were placed on window sills for the spirits. How did it happen that Maslenitsa was reduced to a single week? It was cut by the Russian Orthodox Pat r i a rc h a n d by the Catholic Pope simultaneously — as a devilish holiday. People’s merrymaking was excessive; they ate and drank hu g e l y. On Maslenitsa, p e opl e us e d to say: ‘take care of yourself ’; they tried to celebrate within cer t ain limits of course.

‘Women’s Ulas’

We often hear that each Maslenitsa day has its own name. From where did this originate? This is primarily a Russian tradition. We used to distinguish only Fat Thursday, when women of all ages would gather together for ‘Women’s Ulas’, putting aside duties to the household, husbands and children. They High-skilled boy will get tasty prize

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indulged themselves with tasty cheeses, cakes, butter, sour cream and biscuits (sweet and salty, with caraway and curd — a treat for both men and women). In Belarus, vodka was treated with disdain but we distilled a drink similar to gin, often using birch buds, with sugar added for sweetness. Cherries, currants and red bilberries were popular ingredients, while plantain flowers were seen as the most chic flavouring. Women were allowed to drink these without fear of reprimand. Usually, women would celebrate the whole night, with men keeping well out of the way. Belarusian writer Vladimir Korotkevich, after taking an ethnographic expedition with Belarusian writer Yanka Bryl, noted: ‘We met some women, who threw us into the air ...’ Meanwhile, in Poland, women would get together ford ‘women’s tsomper’. The lyrics of Maslenitsa songs indicate the serious liberties given to Belarusian women. If a wife decided to leave h e r hu s b an d , she could take her original dowry with her. On Maslenitsa, they would sing: ‘I’ll come up to the porch and clap my hands in gold rings. I’ll be celebrating until next day, until late afternoon.’ Liberties at Maslenitsa extended to the tradition of ‘kidnapping’ wives (as seen in the Caucasus); the holiday was seen as being ‘out of time’ between one date beginning and another ending. Sledging was also enjoyed during the holiday. In cities, special hills were made from wood, covered with fir branches. A ladder was used to allow ladies climb in and the sledges had high backs, resembling armchairs, which the men pulled.

Forgive me… Maslenitsa, or Cheese Week, finishes with Shrove Sunday — on February 26th, when believers ask each other for forgiveness. The custom dates back to the remote church past, when the fervent faithful left cities and monasteries to live in the desert for all of Lent, facing hardships. They didn’t know whether they would return home alive for Easter, so bid farewell and were reconciled to each other. In church, the action of forgiveness is performed on the last Sunday before Lent, during an evening service. The priest would ask pardon with a low bow to his clergy and parishioners, who responded in the same way and then asked each other for forgiveness. Each said: ‘Forgive me for my sins against you’. The response was: ‘God will forgive you and I forgive you. Forgive me please’. The ceremony was accompanied by bows and finished with the threefold Christian kiss. Each asked pardon and was reconciled with all the community.

‘Actions and words’ Lent follows Maslenitsa Week, beginning on February 27th this year for Orthodox believers and February 22nd for Catholics, on Ash Wednesday. The latter celebrate Easter on April 8th while Orthodox believers mark the holiday a week later — on April 15th. Lent is a time of restraint, rejecting temptation; it is a time for self-contemplation, with the aim of perfecting behaviour before the major Christian holiday of Easter. It recalls Jesus spending 40 days in the desert and lasts for seven weeks for Orthodox believers and slightly less for Catholics. Orthodox Lent is quite strict, with weddings forbidden for the whole period. Meat, eggs, dairy products and fish are forbidden, including butter on weekdays. The strictest days (of complete

Traditions The first day of Lent was used to forecast the weather. However the weather appeared in the first half of the day would continue for the first half of Lent; the second half of Lent was determined by the afternoon weather.

Mystery of Gromnitsy candle The Presentation of Jesus at the Temple occupies a special place among February holidays. It’s celebrated on February 2nd by the Catholic Church and on February 15th by Orthodox believers. This holiday honours righteous elder Simeon (who was told by God that he wouldn’t die until he met young Jesus, when he was brought to the church in Jerusalem by the Virgin Mary on the 40th day of Christmas). In Belarusian, the title ‘Sretenie’ (Presentation) sounds even closer to the essence of the event — ‘Strechanne’ (meaning that the Child Jesus and the elder had met). Moreover, winter and summer also meet and this wonderful moment in nature is called ‘Gromnitsy’.

“Gromnitsy had a special role to play in times past. Gromnitsy candles rivalled Theophany water and palm branches in their importance,” notes Ms. DovnarZapolskaya. “The tradition was that, after bringing them home from church (like palm crosses), candles had to be hidden — as they held the sacral essence of the family. They would watch over the family, so could be brought out and lit at times of anxiety: such as births and funerals. Their flame offered comfort and was thought to ward off disease. Their melted wax could also be used to mould a symbolic part of the body — a hand, a leg or the stomach — to cure as needed.” If a Gromnitsy candle produced a loud crack in church, people would know that thunderstorms would prevail in the coming summer, although the candles would protect peasants’ houses from fire. People would say: ‘Gromnitsy has arrived — throw away your mittens’. There was even a song: ‘Summer has pushed over Winter and turned its ankle, Winter is crying while Summer is jumping’. Maslenitsa heralds forthcoming spring, which awaits us on the threshold! By Galina Ulanskaya

At the end of the holiday the doll being a symbol of Maslenitsa is burnt

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fasting) are Monday and Tuesday of the first week (until the liturgy is over on Wednesday) and Friday of Holy Week. Of course, Lenten fasting can be disregarded by pregnant women, breast feeding mothers and those who are ill. However, butter and wine are permitted on Saturdays and Sundays, as well as on the days of the First and Second Finding of the Head of St. John the Baptist and the forty martyrs, and on the day of the reading of the Great Canon: the Thursday of the 5th week and the Thursday of Holy Week. Fish is allowed for Annunciation and Palm Sunday, while caviar is permitted on Lazarus Saturday. However, it’s vital to remember that the aim of Lent is to restrain human desires while diligently praying and reading spiritual texts. Food restrictions aiming to ‘humble the flesh’ are a physical embodiment of the purification of the soul. The Practical Encyclopaedia of an Orthodox Christian teaches us to ‘accept Lent with reasoning while taking into account health, experience, life circumstances and after consultation with a priest’. “Lent requires special control over your actions, words and, even, thoughts,” Ms. Dovnar-Zapolskaya continues. “People used to say: ‘take care of your actions and words’. Everyone observed Lent, including children from the age of seven. The absence of traditional food was explained to children by telling them that ‘all the food was burnt when the Maslenitsa figure (Lady Maslenitsa) was burnt’. According to tradition, women thoroughly cl e ane d t he hous e and burnt the dishes in the stove. The idea was to remove all trace of pre-Lenten food ‘to avoid even a drop of oil’. People were even told to clean out their mouths of pre-Lenten food by swilling fully with alcohol. It was a custom enjoyed by men — being reason to drop into a tavern. However, only a single drink was permitted.”

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Date

The historian Leonid Nesterchuk has lots of books and ideas

Historical routes

his year marks the 200th anniversary of the 1812 war. Belarus is preparing a range of events to honour the date, including a new tourist route, planned by Belarusian and Russian tourism agencies. Along the Roads of Patriotic War of 1812: 200 Years On takes in Belarusian Polotsk, the city of Vitebsk and the Vitebsk Region’s Klyastisitsy village in the Rossony District, and Ostrovno village in the Beshenkovichi District. The National Bank of Belarus has approved a commemorative coin entitled ‘The War of 1812: 200th Anniversary’ while Brest historian Leonid Nesterchuk is preparing a monograph. Thousands of books have been written on those years of conflict, yet few have investigated the effect on Belarusian lands. Mr. Nesterchuk here shares his ideas.

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We’re all aware of Borodino but I think few know of the initial victory of Russian troops over the French, near Kobrin. Are you inclined to reveal the tragedy suffered by the Belarusian nation in the war of 1812? The territory of Belarus was the major venue of those battles. According to archives, 152.9m silver Roubles were lost in destroyed property, animals, bread and stolen museum and archive treasures — not to mention human victims; the male population fell by 70-80 percent. Our countrymen are known to have fought on the side of the Russian army, as well as among the French. Napoleon took an important political step in renewing the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (comprising three provinces) by his decree of July 1st, 1812. This decision delighted the Belarusian gentry. He needed bread, provisions and new recruits. Only 17 years had passed since the division of the Rzech Pospolita so those living in the territories of contemporary Belarus hadn’t yet been Russified; most of the Belarusian-Polish gentry supported Napoleon. By mid-July 1812, the Russians had captured 2,382 soldiers and 76 officers, headed by General Klingel, on the lands of contemporary Belarus. I read the figures on a memorial plaque at the Monastery of the Saviour in Kobrin. A victorious salute was performed from the walls of the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg to honour the event. Yes, the regiments of the 3rd Russian Army, under the command of General A. Tormasov, rebuffed the French. In late July, there was a battle near Gorodechno (now in the Pruzhany District), where Napoleon lost 5,000 soldiers. November saw fighting along the Berezina River; according to various assessments, up to 35,000 French soldiers were taken prisoner, wounded, killed, drowned or frozen. A monument in Kobrin is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of defeating

Exhibition the French in that military campaign. A chapel has been restored in Gorodechno on the battlefield, helped by your own efforts. Do we need new monuments to mark the 200th anniversary? I was a child but I well remember the 150th anniversary being solemnly celebrated near the destroyed chapel. The plaque reads: ‘To Our Valiant Ancestors, Who Died in the Battle near Gorodechno in 1812’. It’s better to organise formal local memorial services on battlefields, honouring the memory of our countrymen who fought on both sides. We should raise mounds to honour them and install modest monuments. In the early 1990s, while reconstructing a chapel in Gorodechno, we created marble plaques to honour all the soldiers from Russian, Austrian, Saxon and Belarusian regiments. You gathered materials for your monograph from French archives. Do the French honour the memory of Napoleon? Although he’s entered history as a usurper, his life is marked by 33 state museums, funds and archives. However, his campaign to Moscow is presented modestly, with only one room and three shop windows

dedicated to this bloody campaign — at Les Invalides Military Museum of the French Army. Museum employees proudly say that he conquered Moscow and there is not a single word about the retreat of his ‘Great Army’. Have you been able to find new, perhaps previously unknown facts? Yes, including those relating to other events on Belarusian lands. I’d like to express special gratitude to Belarus’ Culture Minister — Pavel Latushko, the Chairman of Belarus’ National Commission for UNESCO — Vladimir Schastny, to the Belarusian Embassy in France, and to our Ambassador — Alexander Pavlovsky. They helped greatly in organising research at museums, libraries and archives. As far as this topic is concerned, I still have investigations to undertake and would like to work more in Vilnius, Moscow and St. Petersburg. When Napoleon was retreating from Moscow, many documents from his chancellery and headquarters were seized by the Russians. They are now kept in military-historical archives and in Russian museums. By Valentina Kotova

 The Military-Historical Museum named after Alexander Suvorov in

Kobrin possesses a trophy Austrian artillery gun, used in the battle near Kobrin. It was previously held by St. Petersburg, in arsenal warehouses, but the First Director of Kobrin’s museum, Alexey Martynov, managed to trace its fate. In the late 1940s, when the museum was established in the district centre, he went to Leningrad to collect the trophy.

Christmas patterns from beads Around a hundred works on show at Christmas Patterns: Bead Weaving Elza Gavrushenko’s personal exhibition at Mogilev’s Folk Museum

ecklaces, chokers, bracelets, brooches, belts, bags, panels, napkins, vases, bouquets, souvenirs andicons are among the exhibits made by Elza Gavrushenko. She has beeninvolved in beadweaving for over a decade,developing all her own designs, inspired by traditional folk motifs and symbolic use of colour. “It’s not difficult to create items from seeds if everything is clear. Of course, you need patience,” she notes. Having headed a beadweaving course in a centre for extra-curricular activities for four years, Ms. Gavrushenko has given all her knowledge to her pupils. “The children have more than 60 diplomas and have won prizes at many contests,” she adds. Mr. Gavrushenko is a member of the Belarusian Folk Creative Work Masters Union and a craftswoman of Mogilev. She has produced two guides on beadweaving and, taking part in contests and exhibitions, has been awarded several prizes and grants.

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Cultural life

"Red living room" in the Palace of Rumyantsevy-Paskevichy

More responsibility Staff of Gomel’s Palace and Park Estate given ‘For Spiritual Revival’ Presidential Award True; our staff were first awarded ‘For Spiritual Revival’ in 2007 — when the palace became a museum. Its interiors were recreated anew and the whole estate changed its appearance, becoming Gomel’s pearl. Of course, I feel pride in our site and in the staff I lead. However, it’s brought more responsibility, as we are expected to organise and host major projects.

Palace of Rumyantsevy-Paskevichy

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eneral Director Oleg Ryzhkov is pleased and excited on receiving the award, sharing his thoughts. If I’m not mistaken, this is not your first award...

What were your achievements last year? All our projects are primarily connected with Gomel’s status as the cultural capital of Belarus and of the CIS. We’re eager to meet the expectations surrounding this honour and are keen to make our year memorable for Gomel residents and city guests. In 2011, we organised exhibitions jointly with partners from Azerbaijan, Armenia, Tajikistan, Iran, Moldova and the Baltic States. The exhibition at Yerevan’s Art Museum must have been the grandest. It was the most expensive, insured for just under $2m. We organised a wonderful exhibition which featured articles made from silver, in addition to 18th-19th century carpets and clothes. Which other cities did the exhibition tour? We took the exhibition to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Warsaw and other cities. This allowed us to communicate with colleagues and, as a result, we’ve been invited to organise an exhibition

Cultural life

General Director Oleg Ryzhkov hangs upon museum employees’ words

of ancient stone clocks from the 19th century this spring, at Kaliningrad’s Museum of Amber. In autumn, we’re taking our ‘Storks’ exhibition to French Clermont-Ferrand and to Poland. Tell us more about the Storks art project. It is devoted to Belarusian folk culture and traditions, which have always inspired sincere interest among foreign audiences. Storks are common in Belarusian mythology, thought to be people or angels punished by the God. They become storks and are said to have mysterious qualities: acting as guardians of the family (and nation), delivering new babies and having close connections with deceased relatives. We aim to show the traditional folk culture of the Gomel Region using artefacts and texts linked to the stork: embroidered and woven fabrics, folk costumes and other spiritual and material items. Even folk icons will occupy a special place at the show. What about the wonderful Gomel Beehive project? A year ago, we decided to establish a youth art centre in Gomel. Similar to the Beehive which united talented young artists in Paris last year... If you remember, many Belarus-born painters later became famous members of the Parisian school of fine arts: Marc Chagall, Haim Soutine, and Mikhail

Kokoin (born in Gomel). We’re working on a project — partnering an Italian charity organisation — to produce joint exhibitions and presentations; the first have already been organised. If I’m not mistaken, programmes run under the aegis of UNESCO are also among the forthcoming international projects. We d o pl an to t a ke p ar t i n programmes run by this international organisation. The UNESCO National Commission in Minsk has approved financing for our joint folk icon exhibition: with Russia and Ukraine. It envisages restoration of rare art works and, if all goes well, will do much to preserve our unique treasures. The Gomel Palace and Park Estate is among the first Belarusian venues

Exhibition “Modern Azerbaijan Art”

to open workshops to restore ancient rarities. What are the results? Our museum had many rarities in need of restoration which are now on show, thanks to our masters. City residents sometimes bring us icons, ancient furniture and frames for restoration; it’s wonderful that they want to preserve the memory of their forefathers in this way. It’s vital for society’s spiritual wellbeing. Listening to you, I understand that an ordinary museum is now something more, uniting diverse interests and all possible artistry. You are active in educational projects and international co-operation... We liaise with others worldwide. Belarusian museums are not just exhibition halls; they are centres of cultural life. By Violetta Daniliuk

In 2011, Gomel Palace and Park Estate hosted:  Across the Himalayas on a Bus Roof photo exhibition. Gomel photographer, traveller and expert in Indian culture Yuri Biryukov shared photos from his 40 day journey, which he spent with his friends on a bus roof.  Shadow of Jerusalem by famous Israeli photographer Leonid Padrul.  Exhibition of masters of modern Latvian art: artist Ingrida Irbe and photographer Juris Schulz.  Water and Rock by French artist Francoise Limouzy.  Between Gomel and Italy, showcasing over 30 works by Belarusian and Italian artists.

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Inventions Polotsk: geographical centre of Europe

Polotsk is worthily named the ‘fat her’ of all B elar usian cities. Celebrations devoted to its 1150th birthday will last from May 25th to June 5th, rooted in the idea that Polotsk is the cradle of the Belarusian state — as our Motherland began with this city. Moreover, it is the geographical centre of Europe. Archaeologists’ sensational discoveries have inspired the country to continue financing digs until 2015. In turn, UNESCO has included the jubilee on its 20122013 calendar of memorable dates and, in October 2012, Paris will host a special exhibition at UNESCO’s headquarters.

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Lavrishevo: convent on ancient border

The Monument to the Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 in Polotsk

Mysterious heritage

Archaeological discoveries significantly change views on country’s past

his year, Polotsk is celebrating its 1150th birthday and, to mark the date, historians have clarified its biography. It turns out that Belarus’ most ancient city was founded not only on the bank of the Dvina River (on the hill where St. Sophia’s Cathedral is situated) but on another mount previously unnoticed and now built up with private houses. Polotsk was originally founded on the bank of the River Polota (from which it gains its name). The area close to St. Sophia’s Cathedral was home to the metropolitan, with the duke moving there only in the 14th century. Digs from 2008-2011 have brought new discoveries to light which are greatly changing our views on the past.

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A chronicle writer once described the location of ancient Lavrishevo monastery as ‘on the border with Lithuania’. However, f inding its location has taken great time and effort. In fact, the border once passed southwards of the modern border: along the Nieman. Doctor of Historical Sciences Sergey Rassadin was first to dig there and tells us, “Lavrishevo Monastery was a spiritual metropolis of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Legend has it that Lithuanian Duke Voiszelk founded new Novogrudok, at the end of the 13th century — to baptise his pagan people.” The convent’s mother superior initiated digs on the site of modern St. Yelisha Lavrishevo Monastery and, as a result, several layers of artefacts were discovered. These date from the 15th, 16th and 13th centuries, with utensils and glazed tile stoves among the findings. Mr. Rassadin notes, “Although many bottles were found, thes e did not contain alcoholic beverages; moreover, we did not find any beverage cups.” An archaeological museum is now planned for St. Yelisha Lavrishevo Monastery.

Inventions Shklov: castle rises from ruins

The late 16th-early 18th century castle was discovered in Shklov recently and, since early 2012, has been included in the 2012-2018 Castles of Belarus state programme. Countrywide, 38 castles are to be restored, including the Old Castle in Grodno, those in Lida, Lyubcha, Mir and Nesvizh and Kamenets Tower. In addition, those in Novogrudok, Krevo and Golshany are to be conserved, as are the remains of fortresses in Geraneny (Ivye District), Smolyany (Orsha District) and Bykhov. Settlements in Turov (Zhitkovichi District) and the village of Milograd (Rechitsa District) are to gain museums, as will the citadels in Glusk and Minsk.

Berdyzh: travel to Stone Age

Scientists have defined the age of Belarus’ earliest settlers. They believe that Berdyzh — in the south of the country — existed 23,790 years ago; meanwhile, Yurovichi was founded 25,660 years in the past. Previously, these dates were approximate: around 24,000 years for Berdyzh and about 26,000 years for Yurovichi. It is there that the first traces of human civilisation in Belarus have been found. A new archaeological map has been compiled for Palaeolithic Age sites (the earliest period of the Stone Age, which lasted until 10,000 years BC); 365 recently discovered sites have been added to the previous map’s 15 Stone Age monuments. In addition, 17 newly discovered Stone and Bronze Age sites have been found near Oginski Canal. One consists of ancient settlements where people made bone and horn tools — for sale beyond Belarusian territory. Tower of Kamyanyets

Belovezhskaya Pushcha: people among animals

Until recently, it was believed that the Belovezhskaya Pushcha was home to animals only. However, during major digs, about 50 archaeological sites have been found, from primeval and Medieval times. Some artefacts are now on show at the Belovezhskaya Pushcha’s new Museum of Nature. Other interesting discoveries have been made in the Pushcha. Although the Roman Empire did not reach the borders of modern Belarus, the ancestors of Belarusians and Italians were familiar with each other. An ethnic map has been compiled, showing the tribes occupying the territory of Belarus in those times. According to the latest data, from the 1st to mid-2nd century, the border between the forefathers of Belarusians and Eastern Germans (Vandals) passed through Belarus. Later, the Vandals were replaced by the Goths (also relatives of modern Germans). Later still, the forefathers of the Poles settled along the Bug River, which separates modern day Poland from Belarus.

Drutsk: boy’s remains

After a 35 year break, archaeological digs have returned to Drutsk — a village in the Tolochin District (a large city a thousand years ago). A complex of graves has been discovered, including the remains of 38 noble residents. The central stone tomb holds the remains of a 6-8 year old boy who is thought to be an heir of Polotsk’s Vseslavichi ruling dynasty.

Vitebsk: traces of war on spring bank

Unique artefacts have been discovered by archaeologists in Vitebsk’s ancient Zamkovy (Castle) brook. The Head of the PreIndustrial Society History Centre at B elar us’ N a t i o n a l

The archeologist Vadim Lakiza demonstrates ancient evidence of the first Indo-European settlements, found during archeological excavations in Belovezhskaya Pushcha

Academy of Sciences, Olga Levko, has been conducting digs in the city since 1976 and, with her colleagues, has discovered a wooden construction at a depth of 8m. In addition, she has found a cross made from non-ferrous metal, a sabre and a button (supposedly, belonging to a French army soldier). All are thought to date from the 1812 War, which affected Belarus 200 years ago.

Grodno: back to the 12th century

Last year, students of Grodno Yanka Kupala State University’s History Department — led by the Head of Archaeology and Ethnography Chair, Sergey Pivovarchik — began digging near Grodno’s Boris and Hleb Church, which was constructed in the 12th century. Investigations are to continue inside the church, with historians joined by architects from Grodnograzhdanproekt Regional Institute. They aim to clarify the construction of the church and the materials used to replace its wooden segment(renewedafterthe1853landslide). The unique architectural monument shall then undergo restoration. By Viktar Korbut

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Art Person

Creative labyrinths of soul Artist convincingly defends his understanding of art through his works

duard Rimarovich, 55, graduated from the Belarusian State Theatre and Art Institute, where he was a student of Prof. Gavriil Vashchenko, People’s Artist of Belarus and an academician of painting. He works in the genre of decorative, monumental and easel painting, as well as graphic art, and has created over a thousand pictures. As a young man, Mr. Rimarovich was already a member of the Union of Artists of the USSR: quite an achievement, as only around 30 painters were accepted into the Belarusian Union of Artists annually and no more than eight people from Belarus were accepted into the Union of Artists of the USSR every other year. Today, many critics and art lovers see Mr. Rimarovich as one of the best Belarusian landscape painters. Nature and hunting have been his inspiration for thirty years. Meanwhile, honesty and attention to detail are his trademarks, showing his professionalism and true education. Being a follower of the realistic school, he always tries to achieve absolute accuracy in portraying our world. Mr. Rimarovich is a master in creating big canvases, which many view as unfashionable. However, painters tend to see the creation of a many-figured composition as the best

way to reveal their breadth of artistic talent, skill and spiritual maturity. An artist’s popularity also reflects his mastery to some extent. Mr. Rimarovich’s works grace the halls and lounges of the famous Europe Hotel in Minsk, and the Presidential Residence, as well as libraries (including the National Library) and museums. Today, we look back on the last fifteen years from a more mature point of view: public disclosures and long-awaited creative

Today, many critics and art lovers see Mr. Rimarovich as one of the best Belarusian landscape painters. Nature and hunting have been his inspiration for thirty years.

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freedom allow objective analysis. It’s clear that acknowledgment and popularity remain the major criteria for assessing a painter’s creativity — as Mr. Rimarovich is fortunate enough to boast. What is success in art? Is it the number of sales or personal exhibitions or recognition from critics? Mr. Rimarovich tells us his thoughts, as we sit in his cosy studio.

Person Art

Eduard Rimarovich. Self-portrait. 2010

How do you assess the notion of ‘being a painter’? Is it a profession or more like a stage of life? For me, it’s a profession. However, art is part of my life and is how I earn money. It’s my life in the direct sense of this word. This studio, where we’re sitting now, is everything to me. Could you give it up? No, this is my fate. Many people graduate from the Theatre and Art Institute but then disappear; not everyone is destined to be a painter, especially now, when times are hard. Some go into commerce or elsewhere; there are few true painters nowadays. I’ve always thought that art is a major undertaking. One authoritative artist once said that art is 95 percent effort and only 5 percent talent. If you work hard, the results will be evident, and just 5 percent talent is enough. I work every day — even if I’m just stretching canvases. I stay here, in the studio, constantly thinking and pondering; I can’t do otherwise. This is my life. What brought you to this point? My mother was a physicist and worked at the Academy of Sciences. She always wished she had been involved in art but had to content herself with making handicrafts in traditional styles as a hobby. She was always allured by this occupation,

so her yearning may have passed to me from early childhood. When I went to study, I already had a goal: to become a painter. Some say that art is international but I think that it should be ‘national’ — especially in a small country. This gives us our own identity. European art has already become faceless but, when my colleagues arrive in Belarus, they say that we’ve preserved ‘something of our own’. My task is to protect this and strengthen it, to nurture our national idea. How is ‘national’ art reflected in your pieces? Firstly, when I begin historical portraits, I choose personalities who have done much for our nation. If I create a landscape, it’s always recognisable. I’ve travelled much through Russia and believe we’re share many characteristics. Nevertheless, we have our own ways and our countryside is different. I want to depict our landscapes and our history, although I don’t use nationalistic propaganda (which is alien to me). I simply try to reflect my origins. Have you revealed the richness of our history? When you work on something, you study it carefully. I made an historical work for Brest Museum, showing the meeting between Vitovt, the Great Duke of Lithuania, and Jagailo, the Polish King. They met in Berestie a year before

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Art Person

“Hunting excursion".2009

the Battle of Grunewald (now Brest but previously known as Berestie fortress). They met to join forces against the Teutonic knights — the crusaders of the Teutonic Order. It was an historic meeting, so I needed to know about that period of time and the fortress, to create an authentic picture. Has learning about history changed your attitude towards our past? I know that the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state. During Soviet times, we were unsure whether it was Lithuanian or not. However, it was 90 percent Belarusian, as everything took place on our lands. Vilnius was built by Belarusians and was a very strong state until it disappeared, spreading from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. Chronicles tell us that contemporary Belarus was at its centre. Many Italian masters worked on our territory at that time. Mir Castle’s frescoes and tapestries were created by Italians, who were very expensive to hire, due to their skill. Gentlefolk followed European fashion. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a key state in Europe, as I know and feel. My father comes

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from Logoisk, near Minsk, while my mother was born in the Smolensk Region. I’m a Karnilov on the maternal side; Admiral Karnilov was a member of our family tree. The Smolensk Region joined Russia only in 1924; before that, it was always part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. People in the Smolensk Region almost share our accent. I suppose you never have problems finding themes… I only have problems with time — which I definitely lack. Are you a landscape painter? I’m a muralist by training, being always inclined towards big things. I’ve made tapestries and frescoes, contributing towards a museum in the Gomel Region’s Lyaskovichi; it hosts a festival of folk crafts — ‘Call of Polesie’. I’ve also created monumental frescoes for the Yanka Kupala Library in Minsk and for the Yakub Kolas Library and the Academy of Sciences. They’re different to traditional paintings, as they need a different scale, becoming part of the architecture of their environment. Belarusian painters have always been involved in monumental painting, haven’t they?

Person Art

"Dedicated to the Battle of Grunwald — 1410”.2010

We’ve always had a very strong artistic school. In my student days, the Chair at the Art Institute in Minsk was headed by Prof. Gavriil Vashchenko. At that time, until the USSR collapsed, many interesting monumental works were created. When the Soviet Union disbanded, such works faded into insignificance. Now, they are again reviving. For me, it was a difficult time after the USSR’s collapse. Previously, artists had been given plenty of orders but, suddenly, these all disappeared. Artists were obliged to find work as security guards and drew portraits in parks… I turned to landscapes, as it’s a genre which has always been in demand. I managed to survive reasonably well. Do you visualise your buyer when painting? No. I create whatever I like. I’ve created over 1,500 pictures, all of which have new homes, pleasing the eye. I’ve always believed that art shouldn’t stay in studios; rather, it should hang somewhere and be open to view. Some hoard their pictures, saying that they’ll organise an exhibition later but a work of art shouldn’t gather dust in the corner. My

works are found across Europe, as well as China, Vietnam, the USA, Canada and Israel. Do you think foreign people appreciate your creativity? In recent times, the Chinese have been buying my pieces. They enjoy my paintings for some reason. You don’t create especially for them, do you? I don’t create especially for anyone. I arrive somewhere and see something and, if I like it, I just sit and sketch. I do this for myself. I reject contemporary materials, working solely with traditional methods. I use pure oil since no one knows how acrylics will behave in some 10 or 50 years. Moreover, I cover all my works with wax to preserve them. The frescoes I’ve made still look new and can be easily wiped, due to their special covering. Wax keeps out moisture. Regardless of the size of a work, I always do everything to the best of my ability — as I respect my talent. Do you trust your intuition? When you create a huge picture or portrait, you need to think through everything meticulously, imagining how it will

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Art Person be. Landscapes are different, always welcoming improvisation. Both a picture and a portrait should be completely formed in one’s head. I always plan my big works and frescoes. I make small sketches and only then start a full-scale work. Have you ever had a creative failure? It’s difficult to answer. Critics (and our future art lovers) will later decide, with their weighty words. Of course, art cannot always be well-received and some must be more successful than others. I create from the soul and art is very unpredictable. Do you want your name recorded in history? Over a thousand of my works hang somewhere, so my name will endure. All are on view, pleasing someone, I hope.

Tapestries. “Towns of Minsk Region”. 2008

If people are ready to spend money, they must already appreciate the item. People also spend money on replacing frames, which shows that the art works are loved; you don’t throw them away just because of a bad frame. Many of my works hang in the Presidential Residence and thirty are decorating the Europe Hotel in Minsk; a third still belonging to me. Of the ten works at the National Library, two are mine. Something of me will always remain. Do you ever yearn to create something completely new? I have plenty of ideas and plans. Everything depends on time and various other factors. For example, I’d like to create a series dedicated to ancient hunting in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha. It’s a topic I find fascinating. How do you combine hunting and creativity? Hunting is my hobby, from which I draw strength. To create landscapes, you need to experience nature. When I travel, I absorb and memorise each ‘snapshot’ subconsciously. I constantly see something new. I’ve travelled the length and breadth of Belarus. So you don’t rest even when hunting, as you’re always memorising and recording? This is the life of a painter. Even if you aren’t working, your thoughts continue to spin as you estimate a panorama or angle... You don’t stop being an artist until you no longer have the strength to lift the brush.

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Do we need to worry about preserving our national school of painting? The Germans who visited me tell me that we have a very good school at the Academy of Arts. We should preserve Europe no longer has anything similar. The Chinese, who lack such a traditional school, study in Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as here. They’re beginning their own school, so we should be concerned. Once, we were taught that it’s important to master your craft. I always tell young people that they should grasp the fundamental art skills. For example, Picasso learnt thoroughly and could paint like a true master, which then allowed him to later break the rules.

Some also think that anyone can create something like Malevich’s Black Square. My hunting friends also often ask me about the value of the ‘Black Square’ and I try to explain it to them. Firstly, Malevich was the first to have this idea. Art develops along a spiral. An explosion in painting gave us Picasso and Modigliani. However, I recently spoke to some Canadians. They are attracted by classical art and have a different attitude towards avant-garde. I think that art should be diverse. One genre shouldn’t dominate; all should live together. At an exhibition, you seek out what interests you — as do artists. Some gravitate towards the avant-garde while others are keen on classicism or surrealism. Variety creates interest so I don’t understand exhibitions which oblige works to fit a particular concept. Do you try not to repeat past works? Of course, I’m ever seeking some new approach. I believe that, in historical portraits, you have your own freedom of expression. Do you use your imagination? The most vital thing is to make the image convincing. Many have painted Jagailo and Vitovt but the History Museum decided to buy my pieces, as they thought them authentic. When I painted the Battle of Grunewald, it was also acquired by the museum, whose employees told me that it captured the spirit of the age. I’m proud of this. By Victor Kharkov

RegionMuseums

Legends from bygone years Some places hold true mysteries, despite appearing ordinary at first sight. Studying their history, we realise that they are a ‘Bermuda Triangle’ of great events. Vetka, near Gomel, is one such city

severe punishment and took to settling in the dense forests of the rich Khaletsky family, renting land. One legend tells us that, after a long journey, the dissidents sent a tree branch along the river with a prayer that wherever the branch would stop would be the site for a new settlement — following God’s wish. Hence, Vetka was founded, becoming a centre for Old Believers; it was even called Old Believer Jerusalem. Its emblem was a

silver letter W against a red shield (originating from the Khaletsky family). On entering the city, it’s clear that Red Square is its hub, where a museum is situated. If you mention an interest in the old faith, it’s where people will direct you. The road to it passes through quiet streets, where both horses and foreignmade cars are evident; local life has a calm rhythm. Visitors to the museum are wel c ome d by Svetlana

Belta

he road to Vetka passes through Gomel, with buses regularly connecting these two cities. The journey takes around 20 minutes and passes through such villages as Zolotoy Rog, Prisno and Khalch. Citizens of the Russian Empire persecuted for holding a different view on Orthodox Christianity trod the route on foot in the autumn of 1685. The Old Believers (who supported ancient c u s t oms ) l ab or i ou s ly crossed land and river to escape

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RegionMuseums Leontieva, the head guardian of the Vetka State Museum of Folk Art (named after Sklyarov). “The museum is located in the house of merchant Groshikov, built in the 19th century,” she tells us. “Red Square gained its name from the Old Believers who — on settling here — did everything possible to preserve the memory of their original homes. At that time, the local monastery and church were called Pokrovsky — in honour of the Moscow church. Sadly, these no longer stand.”

City of masters

Fiodor Shklyarov, wearing his cap, also greets those who enter the museum: his portrait occupies pride of place. He established the museum, which is known far beyond the city. Vetka residents may not have saved this ‘island’ of old Russian culture, were it not for the Old Believers. Shklyarov was an Old Believer himself. He studied ten years at evening school and later worked as a decorator at a local club. He designed patterns for a weaving plant and worked as a builder on construction sites. Shklyarov was also fond of old artefacts, and had a

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Old Believer’s family. Vetka. XIX c.

special passion for articles which could be easily lost. He revealed the unique character of Vetka, with its Old Believers’ customs, to the world. His personal collection comprised 400 rarities collected from local residents and those living in neighbouring villages, creating the foundation of the museum. It’s cold inside the building, but the energy is amazingly strong. Old Believers were not illiterate peasants but a special layer of Russian people who deeply respected the word of God. They brought church manuscripts (hand written and printed) and icons to Vetka, founding their own schools of icon painting, book decoration and wood carving. An ancient icon of the Mother of God is kept under glass, while another superbly beautiful icon is placed nearby — both decorated with beads. At first sight, the beads seem to differ little from those of today but Ms. Leontieva explains, “Decorating with pearls and beads were unique to Vetka icon painting, distin-

guishing it from other schools. Moreover, richly engraved frames were used, covered in gold or silver. Local beads also differed, being more muted in colour.” The halls devoted to Vetka’s book culture are invaluable; each exhibit is a monument in itself. One stand showcases Old Believers’ books. Ms. Leontieva tells us, “Paint for icons and book covers was made from ground minerals, with added egg.” Around 500 Old Believers’ icons are housed by the museum, in addition to over a hundred 16th-19th century manuscripts and almost 600 old printed books. Works by Ivan Fiodorov, Piotr Mstislavets, Vasily Garaburda and Onisim Radishevsky are among them, with editions from 16th18th century Belarusian, Ukrainian and Moscow printing houses. Every exhibit is breathtaking.

Families would gather round the samovar

After visiting the museum, I’m keen to meet some Old Believers. “After the Chernobyl catastrophe [April 26th, 1986], there were no Old Believers left in the villages,” museum staff tell me. “Almost 50 villages were resettled. However, some families of Old Believers still live in the city.”

RegionMuseums Approaching Anna Lebedeva’s house, as the museum directs, I notice a woman with a child and ask her about Old Believers. She tells me that her husband comes from an Old Believer family and that their enthusiastic tea drinking is notable! She adds, “Moreover, all family holidays are celebrated together, with the family, at home. Of course, customs have changed but some traditions remain.” Anna’s house resembles a patriarchal picture from the past, being wooden and decorated with intricate lattice work. She used to work as a Belarusian language teacher, and belongs to an Old Believer family. She’s surprised to see me but invites me inside with a smile, offering tea and a chat. I realise that I’ve been sent to the right place. “As I recall from childhood, tea drinking was common,” Ms. Lebedeva admits with pleasure. “We used to drink tea twice a day, between meals. I remember my mother telling my father: ‘Yevstrat, fire up the samovar’. Tea drinking then began. My father split sugar into small bites to cover with jam. We used to drink 5-6 cups of tea in one go, while chatting.” Drinking green tea with mint, from a saucer, she continues, “We lived in the village of Tarasovka, in the Vetka District. The streets were divided into two: one side occupied by local residents and Old Believers on the other. The father led the family, and nobody would dare start a meal without him. The family prayed before and after each meal and never used foul language. Nobody smoked or drank spirits either.” Modern day Old Believers still follow the same principles. Ms. Lebedeva recollects her grandfather saying: ‘Sit still and don’t snatch at the table’. If anyone failed to do so, they’d be wrapped on the forehead with a spoon. She speaks tenderly of the family’s reverence for books. Her father read a great deal, although he only completed four classes at the church school. The children also had

no problem in reading. Ms. Lebedeva’s house lacks spiritual artefacts bar a single icon: given to her father by his parents on being married. Finally, she tells me of New Year celebrations. “The only secular holiday we noted was New Year. In the evening, all families would make a large fire in their courtyard, with children given paper lanterns. “We placed candles inside. It was so beautiful that it’s hard to find adequate words,” Ms. Lebedeva sighs.

Ms. Lebedeva only calls herself an Old Believer in honour of the memory of her parents. She lives a different life now but the spirit of her family — where respect and dignity were vital — will remain forever. ....In the evening, I go to the bus station. The road seems different, as if

the city has shown me part of its true face — familiarising me with its history. It is characteristic of Old Believers: to keep the

m o s t precious aspects quietly subdued. By Viktoriya Pavliuk

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Theatrepremieres The smoke of the Fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us!

Premiere based on Alexander Griboyedov’s Woe from Wit comedy gathers full houses at Maxim Gorky National Academic Drama Theatre.. Old history take on a new breath of life

Alexander Dmitriyev

Think, Chatsky, think!

he lines from G r i b o y e d o v ’s p l a y — familiar to us from school — are spoken by actors from the Russian Theatre (as we call it from force of habit); we cannot help but feel nostalgic. I remember studying Woe from Wit at school, learning Chatsky’s monologues by heart. The comedy overflows with aphorisms and puns. We used to wonder why the great critic Vissarion Belinsky called Chatsky a crude wordmonger while Alexander Pushkin thought him kind and noble. We even acted out dialogues from the comedy… I was lucky in having a wonderful Russian literature teacher, who encouraged us to apply our brains independently, and express our opinions even when these contradicted those of well-known critics. We easily cast out established stereotypes, which stop free thinking, and learnt not to blindly repeat commonly held opinions. I remember him reading out various critics’ thoughts on Woe from Wit and asking us repeatedly: ‘What do you think on this subject?’ Even at that time I understood, although obscurely, that Chatsky was a talented young man rather than a denunciator of the monarchical regime. He had no time for falsehood or pretence and spoke his mind, even where it was useless for him to do so. I remember our teacher’s description of Chatsky and how difficult it was to formulate our own understanding of Chatsky, Sofia and Molchalin. I now see how our teacher was skilfully unlocking the frames of the school curriculum, while giving us the chance choose Anton Belsky as Chatsky

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Theatrepremieres hills, seeing smoke curl from chimneys and bonfires. In late autumn, I enjoyed inhaling the aroma of fallen leaves and chewing harsh blackthorn berries while dreaming of exotic countries, where the sun shone all year round and azaleas and oleanders blossomed. On visiting hot locations, I’ve many times returned in my thoughts to my first home, wishing to once more embrace those sensations of childhood, as well as the smoke of the Fatherland. The Russian Theatre performance brought those wishes to life.

Play for all times

oe from Wit is often called a play with universal and timeless appeal. Now, af ter t he premiere, I believe Sergey Kovalchuk was a great choice for director. The text is so clever and ironic, that we cannot help but be enchanted of course; it is perfect training for actors wishing to test their professionalism. Most critics believe that Griboyedov’s Woe from Wit, which is over 150 years old, tests the maturity of any Russian theatre. I don’t recall who once said that if a troupe has the right actors for each role it is a sign that t h e c omp any i s st rong an d able to play any repertoire. Some may suppose that, previously, our Russian Theatre lacked such actors — as it never before tried to stage Griboyedov’s play. dar ya Andreeva

our own opinions (our own original ideas or those synthesised from others). He allowed us to judge the popular opinions of critics and contemporaries of Griboyedov. I now appreciate my favourite teacher and those who thought beyond the framework of the Soviet school curriculum, and feel gratitude; each gave me priceless life experience. I perceive the performance of the Russian Theatre as a gift, returning us to the past while bringing recollections of school. I suppose I wasn’t alone, as the hall briskly buzzed at Griboyedov’s ‘winged words’: such happiness takes no account of time; blessed is the mind too small for doubt; it’s warm to him in the world; and houses are new yet prejudices are old. The audience — young and old — were smiling. Each had their own associations relating to Woe from Wit. The ‘legend is still fresh yet it’s hard to believe’ made me think of my old history teacher, who recalled the quote in a ringing acting voice — as if she were some Lenka or Vovka, trying to find an excuse for not learning a lesson. We would roar with laughter. After the performance, it was especially pleasant to think about school, teachers and my childhood home. Images of the past revived brightly in my memory. I could see my native town of Volchansk as if it were in the palm of my hand. The hills seemed like huge mountains at the time, framing the town on the northern side. They were covered in greenery and surrounded by familiar blackthorn bushes — called ‘teren’ in Ukraine. These still grow on the slopes of the ravine, which neighbours my parents’ garden. For some reason, the leaves of those blackthorn bushes turn red in autumn, but don’t fall until winter. Against the background of the first snow, the blackthorn looked incomparable, inspiring me with its bright flash of colour and bringing thoughts of summer’s long holidays and trips ‘to the mountains’. In various seasons, I would look down on the town from those

I think this is only a critic’s musing; no one in Belarus can seriously doubt that the Russian Theatre company can tackle any play. Is the stage director pleased with the performance? I suppose he can only feel sorrow that not all actors are on firstname terms with Griboyedov’s virtuoso poetry. Yes, the text is long, with many tongue twisters; it takes time to settle into the phrases. As the play progressed, I felt the actors were wearing their roles more comfortably, as a glove gradually shapes itself to your hand. According to the professionals, the poetic phrases must be handled delicately. In this respect, I must praise People’s Artist of Belarus Olga Klebanovich for her role as the domineering Countess Khlestova, from Moscow; her intonation is perfect. We can see her as the queen of public opinion from her first phrase, pronounced distinctly on entering the stage, accompanied by her entourage. Her character is vividly drawn: bright, strong and willing. She has found just the right tone, creating the patroness of her young niece Sofia with skill. Young actor Anton Belsky (Chatsky) also has a distinct voice, showing evidence of his training with Moscow’s Shchukin Theatrical Institute. Veronica Plyashkevich follows him, with her Sofia reverently pronouncing her lines. People’s Artist of Belarus Andrey Dushechkin (Platon Gorich) and Oksana Lesnaya (Natalia Gorich) are also brilliant, playing a typical married couple, where the wife wears the trousers. She is clever and feminine while skilfully manipulating her husband, who is kept on a short leash. Veranika Pliashkevich as Sofia

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Alexander Dmitriyev

Theatrepremieres

Performance stage

Platon Mikhailovich — a kind, good and intelligent person and a friend of Chatsky in the past — has nothing to do but adjust to his cunning wife. He has made his choice in marrying this beauty. Meanwhile, audiences can surely only love the haughty intonation of Yelena Pastrevich (Countess Tugoukhovskaya). In fact, all the minor roles are performed convincingly, proving, as Stanislavsky said, that no roles are minor. Each actor performs their role professionally, showing us all the variation in human character — each weakness and bias. The six noble daughters seek rich and successful husbands, flitting about the stage like strident birds or dragonflies. The play may be 150 years old, but has much changed? Anton Zagoretsky, played by Oleg Kots, is a trickster and a gambler, who appears at Famusov’s house as if directly from a contemporary casino where he, after displaying a royal flush, has scooped a large profit. Even the way he drinks his glass of champagne is fascinating; if you go to see the play, pay attention to this small detail.

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We see a society where the elite pass judgement on everyone else; they decide the rules by which all should live. The grotesque irony of this situation is coupled with our gradually building an understanding of their psychological motivation. Chatsky is rejected as mad by society in a scene staged symbolically; Famusov’s entire ‘party’ gathers as a unified, motionless group to shun him. It’s difficult to decide whether they are themselves frightened of what may lie within or whether they simply wish to stamp their unshakable principles upon anyone who dares to select an alternate path. They appear behind a faceless mask, devolved of all true humanity. A blue and deadly light fills the stage, sounding a note of eternity; the rigidity of conformance remains with us still. Griboyedov’s play is forever meaningful, unconstrained by any particular century or decade. The performance’s strong harmony sees every scene cleverly linked, like pieces within a jigsaw. It is a sign of the stage director knowing exactly what he

wants from his actors and the play. His thoughts crystallise gradually, growing clearer with each rehearsal — or, even, from performance to performance. Of course, Sergey Kovalchuk realises that real people are not caricatures. We have varied views on morality, culture, relationships and business. Some of us are more eager to hide behind masks than others, seeking to define decency by a strict code of convention. Some of us are more at ease, wishing to be open and truly understood. We are all motivated by different goals: some seek to serve society while others seek only their own well-being; some are never content with their lot, while others seek only to love and be loved. Of course, many of us sit somewhere between these two extremes. Within each person, light and dark struggle. In an interview with my colleague, even before the premiere, the stage director told me, “Our philosophical turn should be interesting to contemporary audiences, as the three leading roles — Famusov, Molchalin and Chatsky —

Theatrepremieres

Coming from childhood

he theatre has strictly observed the play’s text, which is set in the house of rich Moscow official Fa mu s o v ( p l a y e d b y People’s Artist of the USSR Rostislav Yankovsky and People’s Artiste of Belarus Alexander Tkachenok). He is the careful father of 17 year old Sofia. Meanwhile, the servants run about the house: cheerful and slightly dell-arte Liza (Yelena Stetsenko), lively barman Petrushka (Alexey Senchilo) and impressive Sluga (Honoured Artiste of Belarus Eduard Goryachiy). Clocks tick, the stove warms, guests are welcomed and conversations tackle how best to promote one’s own relatives in their careers. Moreover, parties are organised for acquaintances. Sofia loves Molchalin (RuslanChernetsky)—herfather’s secretary and a person with a hidden agenda. However, her father dreams of her marrying Colonel Skalozub (Andrey Krivetsky) — a courageous military man. The arrival of Chatsky — the son of Famusov’s dead friend — disturbs the slumberous routine. He returns from spending three years travelling the world to the place where he was happy in childhood and adolescence and, having been brought up alongside Sofia, hopes to have an easy claim on her heart. Alas, events do not play out in the way Chatsky expects.

How does Anton Belsky perform Chatsky? Of course, his character isn’t a denunciator of the social system. Who would believe in a Chatsky who makes a monkey of himself while criticising everyone and everything? At worst, we’d think him mad, or ignore him. Chatsky boldly speaks his mind, is passionate in his desire to improve the world, and is convinced that those who have come before have been mistaken in their views (as is common at the age of 20). He yearns to change established views on life. Chatsky returns from his travels in a more mature frame of mind and still in love with Sofia. However, failing to find his feelings reciprocated, he is first embarrassed and then becomes hardened, searching for a reason for her change of heart. It is a psychology we can all relate to; rejected love can only bring inner-conflict. Chatsky’s feelings are injured, so his arguments change accordingly. He is initially slightly concerned, yet benevolent and peaceful (hoping that Sofia does really still love him) and speaks goodnaturedly with ever yone — although giving answers which reveal his freedomloving views. Wecanonlywonderwhether Chatsky would speak less offensively to Sofia’s father if she had responded to his feelings. Instead, he insults him: ‘Where are these fathers of the Fatherland whom we should take as examples?’ It perhaps seems more likely that he’d have kept quiet until after the marriage, becoming similar to his friend: Platon Gorich. The final scenes are sad, with the stage director sending Chatsky directly

into a puddle; leaping over a lop-sided fence, he slips over and sits dejected. Failing to find Sofia’s love, he becomes a figure of pity for the audience. His dreams are frustrated while his pure energy has been broken in the face of unrequited love. We also feel sorry for Sofia. Veronica Plyashkevich imbues her fragile character with huge internal power, preventing Sofia from being crushed by Molchalin’s meanness (he responds to her love only in search of wealth). Although she is amazed at his treachery in the final scene, she is most shocked at herself. We can imagine Sofia being sad for some time at her careless rejection of true love — as happens in youth. It is good to see Chatsky being portrayed as neither a buffoon nor a hero; he is rather the embodiment of uncompromising youth — which sees life in black and white alone. It is his weakness but also gives him pure nobility, set against Molchalin’s shameless grasping. Yelena Stetsenko as Liza, Famusov played by People’s Artist of the USSR Rostislav Yankovsky

Alexander Dmitriyev

display characteristics all of us recognise. We all wish to preserve traditions, and must face confrontation and adaptation. During our lives, we find these three ‘truths’ ever crossing, obliging us to take on various positions and masks.” Remarkably, the theatre has managed to show this idea clearly.

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Alexander Dmitri yev

Theatrepremieres

The performance “Woe from Wit” has a strong casting

R Others

uslan Chernetsky, who pl ays Molcha lin, is handsome and expressive, drawing his character with bold st rokes. We c annot help but view him as a cat, able to fall on its back or bite as needed: always remaining slightly wild. He can sing a love ballad to show off of course but its sincerity is questionable. The director uses clever symbolism. Sweets ‘rain down’ on Liza, sent by her spellbound Petrushka, while Sofia blows out a candle to show her extinct feelings towards Chatsky and the end of childhood (when Chatsky and Sofia were such friends). Such delicate details add their own weight to the words of the play. Meanwhile, Chatsky’s fastened raincoat symbolises his closed soul; similarly, Sofia keeps

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her coat fastened, wrapping her hands across her shoulders. Childhood has ended, never to be revived, and her heart is closed to Chatsky. It is a motif we can recognise from Bulgakov’s famous Master and Margarita. Does Famusov understand his daughter’s drama? The two actors playing the character each bring their own particular accent to the role. Yankovsky’s Famusov is haughty, with a firm faith in the traditions of his forefathers; he believes these will guarantee prosperity and public status. We sympathise with his world outlook, as he is convinced of his honesty and blamelessness in all aspects. He wishes only to maintain his status quo, viewing any change in the established order as a mistake; he sees the laws of society as being inviolable. In contrast, Alexander Tkachenok plays the role more emotionally and impulsively;

he defends his ideals while being extremely sensitive towards criticism. Pavel Yakubchenko’s score and Alla Sorokina’s sets complement the acting wonderfully. The music matches each character precisely, reflecting their joys and sorrows; it illuminates the empty-headed ‘galloping’ within Famusov’s house. The ‘removal’ of a huge draped wall in Famusov’s house is horrifying, leaving a gaping space and emptiness almost like an abyss. We are presented with an amazing insight into the human subconscious. This may be why Kovalchuk shifts the final scene from Famusov’s house to the entrance porch, where we see the night rain pouring down. Shocked and hurt, Chatsky wishes to escape from Moscow; he looks out into the darkness — as if looking into himself, pondering his loss. By Valentina Zhdanovich

CultureEvents

Music and harmony of hieroglyphs Visitors to Belarus’ National Library unveil world of Chinese calligraphy

ntrepreneur and teacher of Chinese language Li Zuo has a personal exhibition of calligraphy at the Mobilnaya (Mobile) Gallery of the National Library of Belarus. It features over 60 calligraphic works for original Chinese poems. They are short in length but rich in content, with rhyming pairs of lines, written to follow ancient traditions. Li Zuo works at the Department of International Relations of the

Belarusian State University and has enjoyed calligraphy as a hobby since childhood. His works have been often recognised at Chinese contests — twice winning gold medals and three times capturing silver. The exhibition is held under the auspices of the Union of Writers of Belarus and the Confucius Institute, aiming to raise interest in the art of calligraphy and in Chinese culture in general. Chinese calligraphy boasts a 5000 year old history, with the first inscriptions carved on animal bones and carapaces. This beautiful form of writing is now recognised as an art, being able to emotionally influence us with its rich form and diverse styles.

Pain of poet’s soul Yanka Kupala: Circles of Paradise historical drama to premiere at Belarusian Drama Theatre

vetlana Naumenko’s project is dedicated to the 130th anniversary of the birth of the People’s Poet of Belarus, known for his unusual and lyrical poems on the theme of love and passion. He bore witness to truth and lies, mercy and cruelty, sincerity and cynicism. The play explores his journey of self-knowledge and others’ reactions to his work during the uneasy years from 1917 to 1942. The play is a full scale historical drama, with music, grotesque elements and allegory. The cast of 14 includes Honoured Artiste of Belarus Igor Sigov, Denis Parshin, Alexander Marchenko and Veronika Buslayeva. Svetlana Naumenko, the author and director of the play, is well known to the Belarusian Drama Theatre’s audience. She has been directing plays for children and adults which have been a huge success. Ms. Naumenko made her debut as a playwright and producer with Golden Heart and Cinderella at the Belarusian Children’s Theatre. At present, she directs performances in Belarus and Russia.

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Progress

Ascending the summit The name Victoria Azarenko is known to everyone these days, as she has just won the Australian Open Championship — the first Grand Slam tournament this season. At the age of 23, she is now seeded number one worldwide and has beaten all Belarusian tennis records. How has she managed to succeed and what path took her to the top? Moreover, what are her next plans?

ikolay Mirny once s aid, “E ach young tennis player must have a parent guiding them and taking care of them close by.” He accompanied his son, Max Mirny, on his difficult path from Minsk MAZ’s sports school to the board of honour at the entrance of the Arthur Ashe Stadium (where Max has several times won the US Open Championship). Victoria Azarenko’s guardian is her mother, Alla, who manages her daughter’s career and does everything possible to support her first hand. Max’s father put everything aside to join his son from the earliest age, while Vika built her career independently at first. Luckily, she has always been surrounded by people who are ready to help her develop. “Actually, we never thought of Vika pursuing tennis,” recollects Alla Azarenko, recalling her daughter’s first, junior, success on court. “In childhood, she seemed unsuitable, being small, slim and really fragile. Moreover, Vika had no passion for tennis at that time. We were almost ready to end her tennis classes, as they were hard for her and

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we didn’t have much money to spare. Then, Valentina Rzhanykh appeared, becoming Vika’s most beloved coach. Interestingly, Vika set off for France for her first international tournament alone. She was ten at the time but made her way through the airports and made no mistakes with her registration documents. Moreover, she sensationally won a doubles event. “Vika travelled to all her competitions independently,” notes Mrs. Azarenko. “Initially, I divided my official holidays into two periods, accompanying her to neighbouring countries mostly: Poland, Kiev or Moscow. When Vika went to her first tournament in France, it cost $200 a week, with meals and accommodation paid for by the organisers. For us, this was an incredibly large sum.” However, that first success inspired sponsors to pay attention to the young sportswoman. At the age of 12, she easily won a tournament — organised by Head; it led to her first contract with this sports equipment clothing company. However, Beltechexport took on most of her expenses, enabling Azarenko not only to take part in tournaments but to continue her training

at the Klaus Hofsaess Tennis Academy (Spain). Interestingly, Mr. Hofsaess took a personal interest in Vika; in the past, he had promoted famous Steffi Graf, showing his talent for spotting rising stars. Before long, Victoria had brilliantly won junior events at the Australian and US Open. During her career, Vika has attended many schools and studied with various experts. She has participated in numerous tournaments — including junior and those of the highest level. Like many tennis stars, she has trained in the USA, attending the legendary Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy and the less famous (yet illustrious) Saddlebrook — where Azarenko began on moving to America. Another circumstance influenced her choice of school: friendship with the family of famous hockey goalkeeper Nikolay Khabibullin, who lived not far from the Academy. Alla recollects, “They are wonderful people and our great friends. I’ve known Viktoria — Nikolay’s wife — for a long time; she was a Minsker. Vika lived at their house in America and the Khabibullins became her second family. I’m unsure

Progress missed matches. Without these, she may have captured her Grand Slam win much earlier. Moreover, the Beijing Olympic tournament could have brought greater success. In 2008, she had to end four matches early and, in 2009, did so twice (during the Australian Open and the final tournament in Doha). In 2010, six matches were called off (including at the US Open). Her new coach, Sam Sumyk, blames incorrect training. Initially, Azarenko had no problems with her health. Importantly, her fiery start this season — winning in Brisbane and at the Australian Open — has placed her in number one position worldwide. This is largely due to her consistent play and lack of injury. She has been in good health since the end of the last season — when she took part in the final tournament of the Masters series for the second time in her career, eventually w i n n i ng . S a d ly, she is

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whether she would have reached her present heights without their support. Vika lived in a family atmosphere, being surrounded by Russian speakers, cuisine and shops. If she’d needed to adjust to an alien country while enduring a crazy schedule who knows what may have happened.” However, Vika succeeded — as proven by her history of wins. In 2003, she debuted at an adult championship but lost twice in the first round (to Ramat Hasharon and Haifa), partnering her old friend from Belarus, Olga Govortsova. By 2005, she had won her first adult tournament, in Luxemburg. The 2007 US Open Championship was the next stage in the Belarusian tennis player’s career. The season (except for finals in Estoril and Tashkent) wasn’t too lucky, but she did do well in the US tournament and, for the first time in her career, reached the fourth round in the singles. Partnering Max Mirny, she won the mixed pairs. Interestingly, Max’s own major success also began in the same way; in 1998, the 21 year old Belarusian celebrated his first win at the National Tennis Centre, partnering Serena Williams. “Looking back, I realise that my career could have followed another path without that mixed match. I might have become another Mirny — not the sportsman known today. Neither I, nor Serena were truly in demand at an international level at that time; accordingly, the US Open win gave a powerful impetus to our further successes,” Max notes. “I’ve known Vika since she came to tennis school at the age of five. On seeing her progress, I’m convinced that she could achieve even greater success,” he smiles. Successes were not long in coming. A year later, Azarenko could only be stopped by such acknowledged tennis masters as Dinara Safina or the Williams sisters. Her other worst enemy was herself, as she suffered several injuries, leading to

now feeling less fit, on the eve of the Fed Cup match between the USA and Belarus; the winner will go through to the World Group. Victoria has decided to stand down, causing great disappointment to her team. “Since t he b eg inning of t he Australian Open, I’ve been suffering from back pain but hoped to restore my health. Sadly, I just don’t have time,” Victoria explains. “It’s sad not to take part in such a tournament but my efforts in Australia have required much physical strength. My body needs a short rest.” Being a star brings a cocktail of presentations, parties and sponsorship events. It would be easy to let it all go to your head but Vika has kept her feet on the ground. She’s much tougher these days and more selective in her communication, yet remains sincere — a quality much appreciated by everyone. Last year, a photo session placed her among the 15 sexiest women worldwide and Vika tests new Porsche cars with pleasure, as well as attending parties and charity events. The most memorable was organised last year, with Dutch Caroline Wozniacki (seeded first globally at that time). They visited the Belarusian Republican Centre of Children’s Haematology and Oncology and, later, played a charity match: all the funds raised went to treating young patients. She played a similar match this winter in Thailand, sending all the money earned to those affected by the floods. “I’m happy to know that my popularity brings joy to others as well as myself,” Victoria explains, talking of her charity work. “It’s incredible to organise events which help someone else. Being among the best sportswomen in the world is a great honour and a huge responsibility. With this in mind, I never plan to stop!” By Dmitry Komarov

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Male character

Black belt, white lotus… Belarusian BUDO Association instructors have taken prizes at prestigious international competitions many times. Since 2005, they’ve regularly undertaken internships in Japan, preserving the traditions and Japanese roots of unique Jiu-Jitsu for themselves and for their pupils. Sergey Koblov, residing in Minsk, tells us more

artial arts mastery has long been thought of ‘cool’ — perhaps more so than being an expert carpenter, jewellery maker, or even athlete or musician. Who among us can deny their admiration for those who can defend themselves with their bare hands? The escapades of fearless warriors on the big screen is even more breath-taking. Many of us must secretly wish to emulate them — especially young boys dreaming of excitement; it’s easy to be allured by hand-to-hand combat. The martial arts of the East are popular worldwide, although few achieve true perfection. Sergey Koblov is an experienced master, currently residing in Belarus: a chief instructor of the BUDO Association (‘Budo’ means ‘warrior’s road’ in Japanese). The organisation will soon be celebrating its 15th anniversary of uniting Belarusian Jiu-Jitsu instructors of international certification. Mr.

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Koblov’s pupils have won prizes at international full-contact fighting championships many times and 26 boast black belts (from the first to the fifth dan). Mr. Koblov gained his fifth dan in 2010, and became an ‘instructor of international class’ and an honorary Renshi (skilled expert). In the autumn of 2005, he won a silver medal at the World Championship for Traditional Jiu-Jitsu, in Japan. He has joined famous Japanese master Yasumoto Akiyoshi as his assistant at international martial arts congresses in Japan (2006), Sri Lanka (2007), Cyprus (2010) and Majorca (2011). Moreover, he has taught at martial arts schools in the UK, Germany, Israel, Spain, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Sweden and elsewhere. According to tradition, February 23rd is not only the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland in Belarus but the unofficial Men’s Day. It’s a good reason to learn more about a man who considers himself to have the spirit of a warrior, filled with

true manliness. Today, Sergey Koblov is a guest at our editorial office. What path led him to such a peak of mastery and where does he see it leading him next? How is Jiu-Jitsu developing in Belarus? Why is the experience and mastery of Japanese masters so widely respected worldwide? We explore these questions and more. Mr. Koblov, tell us, please, what is Jiu-Jitsu? It’s one of numerous names for the hand-to-hand fighting of the Japanese samurai. Japan once boasted lots of schools, each with its own master and style of teaching. Pupils grasped the secrets of experienced warriors and could later set up their own schools, using their experience. Some took over from their own masters. What remains is a clear respect towards teachers and the succession of knowledge from teacher to pupil. Usually, ‘Jiu-Jitsu’ is translated as a ‘soft art’; however, my Ukrainian colleague Shihan (the head of the school) Yevgeny Radishevsky believes that it can

Male character be translated as ‘skill’, ‘technique’, ‘way’, ‘mean’ and, even, ‘magic’. He confirms that the fundamental principle of JiuJitsu is in its title, while differing from other martial arts. Martial arts are thought to keep the body fit but this can’t be the main reason for people taking up this form of handto-hand fighting. Those actively engaged in Jiu-Jitsu do keep fit, since this is needed to ensure the development of their mastery: JiuJitsu was created in a military environment with the aim of preparing soldiers. It also has a romantic, even exotic, image but these aspects are superfluous really. We teach ourselves how to beat an opponent and remain alive. Judo, which is already an Olympic sport, also originates from Jiu-Jitsu. Of course, all sports engender a desire to win. Jiu-Jitsu schools have strict discipline, as well as an obligatory programme to follow — just as in gymnastics and ballet. There are dozens of elements and movements to master before you become a true expert. Artists, composers and musicians must have the same discipline to achieve success. Sometimes, pupils ask me why all this is necessary, so I explain that, before fighting, you need to gain full control over your ‘weaponry’, learning to master it virtuously. Sometimes, these are parallel processes. Each school has its own approach and even untraditional Jiu-Jitsuschools, especially those beyond t h e b ord e r s of Japan, give good training to pupils. What path brought you t o Jap an e s e martial arts and Jiu-Jitsu? Back in t h e

1970s, when Judo first began appearing in the USSR, rumours spread of an unusual combat art: Jiu-Jitsu (the correct pronunciation is ‘Ju-Jutsu’ while ‘JiuJitsu’ is the European variant). I was interested, having previously practised karate and boxing. After leaving the army, an acquaintance took me to a martial arts class. I read books independently — often making copies of significant pages. We lacked a qualified teacher, being headed by a former karate expert, but I had a true wish to train. That school continues to exist in Minsk even now; I taught there myself for a while. I believed that we were practising JiuJitsu there until I visited an international congress in Budapest in 1991. There, I saw a dozen European masters of a high level — all of whom had achieved 6th to 8th dan: French, Greeks, British and Germans… It turned out that we were not practising Jiu-Jitsu at all. After the trip, we viewed ourselves in a different light and wanted to make changes. However, the heads of the school had their own vision and disagreed with ours. As in any business, you need to inject something to receive something back — for example, when studying with European or Japanesemasters.It’snosecretthat sport is a commercial business, attracting

pupils and money. Money wasn’t invested in our case; the school still operates but, in my opinion, has nothing to do with Jiu-Jitsu. I think you set yourself high standards. I wouldn’t say that I’m a revolutionary in my field but I do give my all and prefer Jiu-Jitsu over anything else. To explain, the lotus represents personal harmony in Eastern philosophy — its five petals symbolising the five areas of knowledge to be mastered by any pupil: medicine, martial arts, body training, morality and spiritual enlightenment. If any single petal is too small or large, the harmony of the flower is disturbed; everything should be in balance. Of course, I wanted to develop harmoniously, while the school I spoke of was primarily focused on recuperation, while only offering a basic level of technical training. I’m not saying that this is bad — only that it’s not Jiu-Jitsu. Anyway, I’m grateful to the founders of the school, as they created a ‘crossing’ in my life, from which I’ve come to discover my present day self. I tell you this in detail, so that you know similar schools exist worldwide without Japanese traditions, succession of knowledge or the experience of true masters. Don’t be allured solely by ‘beautiful packaging’. I went in search of my own ‘bliss’. Many opportunities exist to learn, although not ever yone appreciates this. Even Sōke (the

head of the school) Ya s u m o t o A k i yo s h i — one of the most authoritative

Sergey Koblov together with children-participants of the Japanese Budo-Marathon

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Male character masters of traditional Jiu-Jitsu of our time (boasting the tenth dan) — has visited Minsk at my invitation and conducted lessons. He is famous in Japan as an expert in the history of samurai families. We’re also both keen on underwater archaeology, which I’ve been practising for twenty years. How di d y our colleagues in Minsk view the arrival of such a Japanese JiuJitsu patriarch? Of course, many were delighted; others were surprised that so many Jiu-Jitsu schools exist worldwide, each being so different from each other. One of my school head colleagues was greatly surprised to learn that I’d been already certified in four belts — by four schools. I’ve since been certified in five belts. There’s also a European variant of Jiu-Jitsu, which has almost lost its Japanese roots, becoming an independent variety of hand-tohand fighting. Unfortunately, we can’t find mutual understanding even with the heads of Belarusian schools; it’s sometimes more difficult to overcome one’s own ambitions than to beat an opponent in a fight. Mr. Koblov, you’ve told us about various Jiu-Jitsu schools. Which areas are you developing? The basic areas being developed by instructors of the BUDO Association are Bushinkan Jujutsu, Jukoshin Ryu Jujutsu, and Jukite Happo Bugei. One of the achievements of recent years has been our senior instructor Pavel Dyatko winning an international championship in Japan in 2010: in Motoha Yoshin Ryu Jujutsu (kata version). You can view the details on the Association’s website. Currently, over 400 pupils train with us (aged 5 to 50+) in Minsk, Brest, Pinsk, Vitebsk, Novopolotsk and Mogilev. We also have a branch in Lithuanian Vilnius. Importantly, since 2005, our instructors have been regularly passing intern-

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ships in Japan, so they can follow Japanese traditions and understand their roots. Moreover, Belarus’ BUDO Association represents such famous organisations as the Motoha Yoshin Ryu International (headquartered i n

Japanese Yonago), the WEBBS (the World Elite Black Belt Society, headquartered in London) and the Bushinkai International (headquartered in Ukrainian Odessa). Some of our instructors have trained at the Belarusian State University of Physical Culture [now, the Academy of Physical Culture and Sports] in ‘judo coaching’. We attend seminars abroad, while organising visits by famous specialists of martial arts to Belarus, so our instructors and pupils can display their talents and learn from others. Do you harmoniously ‘fit’ the world network of Jiu-Jitsu schools? I have friends all over the globe and have managed to visit 45 countries, although not only connected with JiuJitsu affairs. Quite a few Japanese masters of Jiu-Jitsu live across the world — each true patriarchs of their style. It’s important to bear this mind, to correctly understand the paths of Jiu-Jitsu worldwide. The art arrived in Western Europe in the 1960s — and in Belarus in the 1980s. A number of European masters, who are over 60 now, were personal pupils of Japanese masters. Today, they tend to run their own international organisations, uniting clubs from 20-30 various states.

How would you characterise the essence of your mastery? Technique is the essence of Jiu-Jitsu. The traditional system of Jiu-Jitsu doesn’t require huge physical strength but it’s vital to know how to balance, as well as your directions of attack and the body’s tender points. Knowing this, you can dominate your opponent, regardless of your age. Belarusians say that ‘a son wins by his strength while a father has his own way’ — meaning that less exertion is needed when you’ve mastered a technique… Yes, masters are respected in all nations. As the years pass, we don’t become younger, so we must conserve our energy. However, there are a range of practices which we can use to expand the opportunities of our body — as used in traditional Jiu-Jitsu schools. For example, gymnastics can activate our reserves. Knowledge used to flow from one country to another in South-East Asia, in various ways. Practices may have differed but the final result was similar. Goals also coincide in religions: spiritual Orthodox practices, like those of Buddhists, Hindus and shamans, aim towards enlightenment. We too have practices. It’s vital to select that which will help you to find yourself fully. It’s sometimes difficult and ‘strong-arm’ methods are useless. You need to be ready and mature; then, a teacher will always be forthcoming. If you aren’t ready, no teacher can help you. Does this mean that you were ready to ‘absorb’ the mastery of Jiu-Jitsu when you acquired a true Japanese teacher? Yes. I’m pleased that all my pupils have remained with me. In the mid-1990s, we began to visit Hungary and established contacts with the Jiu-Jitsu Federation, which invited many different masters. During my first meeting, I was lucky to attend the jubilee of the IMAF — the International Martial Arts Federation, headquartered in Tokyo. At that time, I saw ten Japanese masters of various trends. I’m proud to have attended the Kanazawa seminar (a leading karate master). I sat with him at one table and

Male character was welcomed heartily — although Belarus was a complete newcomer to the world of Jiu-Jitsu at that time. Who are these ‘Celestial Fathers’ of martial arts? They’re ordinary people. I must admit this was a time when many of my stereotypes were collapsing. It turned out that you may drink alcohol, in moderation. Some smoke and enjoy joking and dancing. Myths exist regarding complete asceticism and wearisome training. Rather, they are wonderful people boasting virtuoso fighting techniques and original world outlooks. We can learn much from them. I enjoyed my visit and often returned to Hungary, where I gained black belt certification by the Japanese. There was a time when it seemed to me that I already knew everything and the whole world lay before me… until Yevgeny Radishevsky appeared. He was born in Ukrainian Odessa, visiting workshops and communicating with various masters; he would stay for a week to learn from them. He also boasts a special gift: being able to share his knowledge. I believe that he is the best in Jiu-Jitsu within the CIS and has a great future. Yevgeny asked me to join his Bushinkan organisation. At that time, we’d already established our BUDO Association, which is celebrating its 15th anniversary this year. ‘Budo’ refers to all Japanese martial arts, with its two characters meaning ‘warrior’s road’. ‘BU’ consists of two parts: a stop and a spear (the stopping of a spear). It advocatesprotectionrather than aggression, which I believe is an essential aspect of the whole BUDO system.

Do true masters teach the ‘road of a warrior’ in such a way as to counteract natural aggression? Yes, although not everyone can understand this. For example, some Europeans say that we’d like to fight if given the opportunity. A master from the East would rather say that we can fight but choose not to. In this respect, I’m totally on the Eastern side, although I’m a European. BUDO is primarily a way of understanding yourself, eradicating your weaknesses. When you realise that you can quickly injure someone, you become disgusted with the idea of fighting. I learnt this from a few difficult situations. The best fight is one which never takes place. When I see that someone is looking for trouble, I try to prevent it — even to the injury of my own ambitions. You’ve used your mastery outside fighting halls, haven’t you? They were unpleasant moments. In the morning, I’d look at my sleeping son and be determined to be tolerant, so as to avoid prison. When aggression overtakes you, it takes much willpower to control it. I fought habitual offenders, who don’t obey any rules when fighting. Once, I shifted a crowd’s aggression from an elderly person onto myself. I wasn’t myself for three days afterwards, because I had to fight so determinedly. My acquaintance,

whom I protected, told me not to reproach myself, as they would have beaten him if not me. Then, I began to view the situation differently. There’s a saying that a Russian person cannot be refused a fight — so, if you won’t fight them, they’ll find another to fight with. I realised that it’s better for them to fight me, since I’m prepared, which might remove the fighter’s desire in the future. Mr. Koblov, are you more of a teacher or a warrior? I think I’m now a teacher of warriors (smiles). I graduated from the Minsk Pedagogical Institute in ‘history and French language’ and spent 15 years as a teacher of physical culture and swimming in schools. I’ve had 12 professions! I’ve inherited my love of hard work from my parents: the words Taishet, Abakan and Komsomol are like lines in their biographies. I was born in Russian Angarsk, near Irkutsk, but have resided in Belarus since childhood. I can easily find a common language with like-minded people from around the world and speak a little Spanish, French and English — plus a tiny bit of Japanese. However, Japanese terminology relating to martial arts is capacious; if I’m told a technique in Japanese I understand what it means. Of course, nuances and aspects can be explained in English, so I try to make time to study it — not an easy task. By Ivan and Valentina Zhdanovich

Fighters’ sparring during the seminar in the International Summer Camp of Intense Training in Odessa (Ukraine)

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Festivals

Classic music in Vitebsk The cultural life of early 20th century Vitebsk was enchanting, bringing forth such names as Marc Chagall, Mstislav Dobuzhinsky and Kazimir Malevich — known to all those who consider themselves well-educated. Each worked in the city, alongside some our greatest musical and literary geniuses. Vitebsk is known not only for its painters

n the early 1920s, you could attend lectures on musical philosophy by Lev Pumpyansky, speculate with Mikhail Bakhtin on symbolism in new Russian literature or attend a symphony concert conducted by prominent Nikolay Malko. Ivan Sollertinsky, 17, boasted a phenomenal memory and loved to attend these concerts; it was said that he knew the symphonies of Bruckner and Mahler by heart. Later, he left for St. Petersburg to study Roman-German philology at the university. He then entered the Institute of Art History and, in 1939, as a music critic and teacher, he became the artistic leader of Leningrad’s Philharmonic. He was a friend of composer Dmitry Shostakovich and, on the sudden death of his friend in 1944, Shostakovich dedicated his Trio for Piano, Violin, and Cello No. 2 to him. Since the late 1980s, Vitebsk has hosted the Sollertinsky International Music Festival. The 23rd anniversary of the event introduced a series of

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cultural lectures linked with the early 20th century renaissance in Vitebsk. Associate Professor Alexander Lisov, from the Institute of Arts, Ethnography and Folklore (of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus) presented a report on the creation of the folk conservatoire in Vitebsk in 1918. Lyudmila Maximovskaya, Director of the Museum of the History of Nevel (a Russian town

situated within a hundred kilometres of Vitebsk) reported on Mikhail Bakhtin and the local scientific society which he headed. Rytis Urniezius, Associate Professor of Šiauliai University’s Arts Department, traced the development of wind bands across Lithuania in the 19th20th century. Meanwhile, a member of the Warsaw Chamber Opera, concert organ player Jan Bokszczanin, lectured on the style and technique of Polish composer Marian Sawa. Over the years, performers from Finland, Germany, France, Poland, the Baltic States and Russia have taken part. This time, Vitebsk audiences admired the mastery of the ClassicAvantgarde soloists ensemble from Minsk (headed by Vladimir Baidov — a festival founder), alongside that of Russian pianists Alexey Lyubimov and Ni k o l ay Lu g a n s k y. The former performed works by Schubert and Debussy at Vitebsk’s Regional Philharmonic Hall, while the latter gave the ‘musical gift’ of Gershwin, Chaplin, Kern and Rogers. Clearly, the festival fulfils its task of promoting contemporary musical art

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Festivals

Dmitry Pokrovsky’s group appears before the footlights

and traditions while developing cultural contacts between Belarus and other states. Ancient and folklore Belarusian and Slavonic music occupies a significant place in the festival’s programme. This time, this direction was represented by Dmitry Pokrovsky’s Moscow group, which showed that folk songs are alive and well, following time honoured traditions. To ensure authenticity, his musicians tour remote villages to collect melodies, paying attention to expression and intonation; some songs date even from pagan times. Those relating to rituals, Cossack songs and spiritual works, as well as modern versions of ancient melodies, have been enjoyed by Vitebsk residents. “We’ve brought those pieces which are most unique to Russian folklore and have shown extracts from various programmes,” notes the musical leader of the band, Maria Nefedova. “We want to show audiences that folk songs are alive rather being a museum exhibit.” Dmitry Pokrovsky’s group works at the Taganka Theatre in Moscow, liaising with theatre directors and cinematographers. They’ve long staged experi-

ments with jazz performers — such as Arsenal band, led by Alexey Kozlov, and American Paul Winter. They’ve become quite popular in the West, with foreign audiences particularly enjoying the Russian Cycle by Igor Stravinsky. Fragments from this cycle have been heard in Vitebsk. For example, Pokrovsky created The Wedding in 1996; it was restored a decade later by his descendants, and was a great success in America, Australia and elsewhere. Even today, it continues to inspire musicians and listeners all over the world. It has been performed by the group in New York, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, at the Cologne Philharmonic, and with British conductor Thomas Adès and the Birmingham Symphony Orchestra. On the eve of their performance in Belarus, journalists questioned the group as to whether anyone is really interested in folk music today. The best answer to this question was the full house at the Vitebsk Regional Philharmonic, which hosted the concert. Many of the songs seem naïve at first sight but, on closer analysis, are wise and heartfelt, like the nation’s soul which has preserved them from

generation to generation for centuries. Dmitry Pokrovsky’s group were able to attend due to financial assistance from the Russian World Foundation. “This is the first instance of cooperation between the Foundation and the Sollertinsky Festival,” notes Nelli Matsaberidze, Artistic Leader of the Vitebsk Regional Philharmonic (one of the festival’s founders). “We’re grateful for assistance. We’ve had similar contacts with the Polish Home, allowing pianists and organists to attend, and hope that further liaisons will be forthcoming on a regular basis. Undoubtedly, this variety enhances the charm and memorability of our festival.” Of course, the name of Ivan Sollertinsky lives on not only through the Festival. The amazing philologist, and music and theatre critic has a musical college named after him in the city. Near its entrance stands a sculpture to the great man, created by famous Vitebsk sculptor Valery Moguchy. It creates the impression of a young Sollertinsky hurrying to a lecture, almost alive in its vivid detail. By Sergey Golovach

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Talents

Never outstrip Koldun’s magic

Eurovision is a dream and torture for every entrant. All hope that their talent and charisma will bring victory to

The fate

of artists participated in Eurovision last years? Alexandra Kirsanova and Konstantin Drapezo:

 ‘We sing

what’s in demand’

ar t i c ip a tion in Eurovision has brought

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Belarus. So far, all have tried but failed. Since Koldun’s performance, Belarus has only once reached the finals — in 2010, with 3+2 band, who performed with Swedish pianist Robert Wells. Although placed 9th in the semi-finals and received well, TV viewers eventually placed the song in 24th position.

In fact, alongside Koldun, this was the best result for Belarus to date. No others have reached the finals and, after their ‘failure’, Alexandra and Konstantin (2004), Anzhelika Agurbash (2005), Polina Smolova (2006), Ruslan Alekhno (2008), Piotr Yelfimov (2009) and Anastasia Vinnikova

Artists are aiming at winning Vadim Kondrashov

he annual Eurovision Song Contest is among the most popular TV programmes in Belarus. The country has been taking part since 2004, when Alexandra & Konstantin pioneered with their My Galileo song. Sadly, Alexandra Kirsanova and Konstantin Drapezo were only placed 19th in the semi-finals — far from a perfect result. ‘It’s a shame for the state’ thought Dmitry Koldun and, in 2007, reached sixth place, with huge assistance from two gurus: Russian pop music ‘king’ Philip Kirkorov and prominent Belarusian singer Alexander Tikhanovich. This year, five singers are competing for a place in Eurovision2012, being hosted by Baku. The fortunate winner is soon to be named, following the national EuroFest selection contest. Let’s look at how our Belarusian singers have performed at the major musical event in past years and where Fate has taken them since. It appears that we hear little of them.

Belarusian has already won Eurovision but Belarus is yet to claim that honour

Alexandra Kirsanova and Konstantin Drapezo more popularity than they enjoyed before their Istanbul contest. The y’ve rele as e d t hre e albums, with another planned for 2012, and have performed in Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Turkey and Malta — singing modern arrangements of fol k s ongs, in B elarusian. H o w e v e r, t h e y r e c e nt l y complained, “Radio stations

are obliged to play 75 percent Belarusian music but, sadly, prefer Russian language songs. To earn a living, we need to sing and record in Russian, so that radio stations will play our music.”

Anzhelika Agurbash:

 ‘Beauty always

keeps its status’

he singer h a s settled in Moscow, but visits her homeland

from time to time. Before taking part in Eurovision, she was known as Lika Yalinskaya, enjoying the honour of being considered the most beautiful woman in Belarus — a title she still holds. How e v e r, l a s t y e a r, Anzhelika failed to gather a full house for the Slavonic Bazaar in Vitebsk. Low demand for tickets may have been inspired by the high price being charged. A solo concert by famous Maxim Galkin was also cancelled, perhaps indicating that audience tastes are changing.

Talents (2011) have enjoyed little popularity with our Belarusian audience. It seems that those who fail to do well seal a disappointing future for themselves. EuroFest is surely a ‘two-edged sword’: everyone wants to go to Baku but they understand that their victory in Minsk could be their last.

Baku believes in songs

Four soloists and a musical band are competing for votes: Gunesh (‘And Morning Will Come’), Alena Lanskaya (‘All My Life’), Uzari (‘The Winner’), Victoria Aleshko (‘Dream’) and Litesound (“We Are The Heroes’). Gunesh and Litesound have previously attempted Alexander Rybak meets Belarusian participants of the Eurofest final

to win a national selection round, while Uzari has even taken part in Eurovision — as a backing singer for Belarusian Anastasia Vinnikova in Germany. Alena Lanskaya and Victoria Aleshko have won numerous international contests. All our Eurovision artistes are performing in English, with occasional use of Belarusian, mostly in refrains; this allows them to be understood in Europe. However, the contest is notoriously unpredictable, choosing the Turks in 2003 and their neighbours, Azerbaijan, in 2011. Belarus is situated at the centre of Europe and, clearly, is proud of its nationality, so it seems doubtless that, sooner or later, Minsk Arena will host the event. In fact, we have already hosted the Junior Eurovision Contest, in 2010.

Nationality matters

Actually, a Minsk born entrant has already won the European song contest: A lexander Rybak — who repre-

Polina Smolova:

 ‘I’m touring and composing songs’

lthough E u r o v is i on 2 0 0 6 left Polina in last place, she didn’t despair; instead, she took part in Russia’s selection round in 2008. However, it was impossible to rival Dima Bilan who, later, returned to Moscow from Belgrade as the winner.

Polina is still working as a singer, poet and composer. From 2009 to 2010, she toured Belarus and Russia with her Five Words About Love show and promises to release a new album this year.

Dmitry Koldun:

 ‘I’ve

married and am happy’

ima is a su c c e ss f u l singer, releasing

videos in Moscow and being heartily welcomed on TV in Minsk. On November 20th, 2010, he performed the UNICEF anthem — ‘A Day Without War’ — jointly with Junior Eurovision singers, in Minsk. This January, he married his school sweetheart, Victoria Khomitskaya. They now live between two countries, as Dima remains in Moscow, while Vika is working in Minsk.

Ruslan Alekhno:

 ‘I’ll never forget

Bobruisk’

he singer d i d not bring victory to Belarus but — although living in Moscow — often visits his native city of B obr usik. In spring, he promises to present a solo concert.

2012 беларусь.belarus

Talents sented Norway. On May 16th, 2009, he celebrated victory with ‘Fairytale’, earning a record 387 points. On May 9th (on the eve of his performance), he underlined his connection to his historical homeland, saying, “If all Belarusians agree, then I’m pleased to say that — if I win — half of my victory will belong to Belarus!” “He is Belarusian by birth,” says his mother. “Alexander has Belarusian roots, as no one can deny. His character and musicality are also Belarusian.” The singer adds, “I’m partly Norwegian and partly Belarusian — but certainly not Russian.” Alexander is a frequent guest to Minsk and, this year, has already given a master class to EuroFest participants. He sympathises with those about to fight for a ticket to Baku. “Litesound boasts the most ‘Western’ melody; it sticks in your memory and could easily conquer audiences in Denmark, Sweden and other European states. I love their show and their English is the best of all the contestants. I’d also like to note Victoria Aleshko’s professionalism; she has the best voice. Gunesh has the most beautiful smile in the world, while Alena Lanskaya is a true artiste. She has a unique

Piotr Yelfimov:

 Champion of the world

lthough P i ot r performed wonderfully at Eurovision, he failed to conquer the contest. However, from July 17th25th, 2010, he took p ar t i n Hol ly wo o d’s World Championship of Performing Arts, winning gold in five

беларусь.belarus 2012

voice, pleasant songs and well understands each word. Uzari seems extremely self-confident, being clearly full of energy. Audiences may love that. However, it’s impossible to predict a Eurovision winner or name any components of success. Preparation is vital. Coming on stage, you shouldn’t doubt why you’re there; know the story told by your song and treat the contest as a holiday.

Relax and have fun

Belarusian artistes aren’t yet relaxed enough to view Eurovision as a holiday — rather perceiving it as an Everest to conquer. Sadly, all their attempts resemble Sisyphus’ eternal disappointing toil.

nominations: ‘Male Vocal Broadway’, ‘Male Vocal Contemporary’, ‘Male Vocal Open’, ‘Male Vocal Opera’ and ‘Male Vocal Original Works’. In Minsk, Piotr teaches pop singing at one of the universities.

Meanwhile, neighbouring Poland has decided to refrain from taking part in the 2012 Eurovision. The national Telewizja Polska channel plans to return to the popular European show in 2013. A year ago, Poland’s Magdalena Tul was placed 19th in the first semi-finals, missing the finals as a result. Temporary abstinence is quite usual. Italy, Hungary and Austria returned to Eurovision in 2011, after a long break (last year was especially successful for Italy, with Rafael Gualazzi placed second in the finals). Meanwhile, Montenegro has ignored the show for the past three years. In 2012, 43 countries will be competing for first place: Austria, Azerbaijan, Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Hungary, the UK, Georgia, Germany, Holland, Greece, Denmark, Israel, Ireland, Spain, Iceland, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, Finland, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Sweden, Switzerland and Estonia. The same number performed in German Dusseldorf (2011) and Serbian Belgrade (2008).

3+2:

 Butterflies fly

away

adly, Alena Karpovich, Ninel Karpovich, Yulia Shishko, Artem Mikhalenko and Yegizar Farashyan — who represented Belarus at Eurovision with their bright ‘Butterflies’ song — have split as a group. Farashyan performs as a solo singer and, like Yelfimov, lectures — promising to teach even those who have no true hope of singing professionally.

By Viktar Andreyeu

Anastasia Vinnikova:

 Two attempts at the river

he singer performed the most patrioticsong in the history of Eurovision — ‘I L ove Belarus’. She failed to reach the finals in 2011, but took part in EuroFest this year, hoping to reach Baku. Sadly, she wasn’t fortunate this time but has certainly shown perseverance.