BELARUS #09/2011 by BELARUS Magazine

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No.9 (936), 2011

BELARUS Беларусь. Belarus

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Contents

Беларусь.Belarus Monthly magazine No. 9 (936), 2011 Published since 1930 State Registration Certificate of mass medium No.8 dated March 2nd, 2009, issued by the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus

Founders: The Information Ministry of the Republic of Belarus “SB” newspaper editorial office Belvnesheconombank

Time brings countries closer

Railway station at heart of city After major

Libraries: backtracking history Roman

20 years on… CIS celebrates jubilee with summit

Autumn folk traditions Belarusian folklore

reconstruction, Tsentralny bus station has been reopened in the capital

analysing strengths and weaknesses

Eternal town, eternal values

Poles of attraction Despite pessimistic fo-

Anti-crisis strategy Belarus to adjust the

recasts, ties between former Soviet republics remain two decades on, even strengthening between Belarus and Kyrgyzstan

Belarusian rouble exchange rate to match the existing market environment. This is a first step towards implementation of the anti-crisis strategy elaborated by the Government and the National Bank

In search of the lost and caring for the future Gantsevichi, in Brest Region, has been preparing for Belarusian Written Language Day for a whole year; certainly, it’s now ready and will prove worthy. Next time, Glubokoe in Vitebsk Region will host the event

is based upon the cyclic nature of the seasons and of human life; each period has its own unique face

Executive Secretary: Valentina Zhdanovich

Design and Layout by Vadim Kondrashov, Georgiy Shablyuk, Aloizas Yunevich Беларусь.Belarus is published in Belarusian, English, Spanish and Polish.

member Marc Chagall

Distributed in 50 countries of the world. Final responsibility for factual accuracy or interpretation rests with the authors of the publications. Should any article of Беларусь.Belarus be used, the reference to the magazine is obligatory.

Town of six hills Spirit of past evoked in

The magazine does not bear responsibility for the contents of advertisements.

Season of discoveries The new theatrical

54 12

Motulsky tells us about the splendour of ancient Belarusian books and their present richness

Editor: Viktor Kharkov

A stroke of bright color on tourist canvas Many Vitebsk streets and buildings re-

Mstislavl, steeped in legends and fairy-tales

Publisher: “SB” editorial office

season has been launched in the capital, bringing theatre goers a whole palette of feelings, without which we can’t imagine theatre life, full of bright impressions and revelations

This magazine has been printed at “Belarusian House of Press” Publishing Office” UE.

Half of Europe applauded to him Celeb-

Order No.2586

rations dedicated to the 150th anniversary of Buinitsky’s birth are taking place across Belarus to honour the man who was the founder of Belarusian theatre

79 Nezavisimosti Ave., Minsk, Belarus, 220013 Total circulation — 1981 copies (including 782 in English).

Write us to the address: 11 Kiselyov Str., Minsk, Belarus, 220029. Tel.: +375 (17) 290-62-24, 290-66-45. Tel./Fax: +375 (17) 290-68-31. www.belarus-magazine.by E-mail: mail@belarus-magazine.by

Sign of water Vasily Kostyuchenko’s

Subscription index in Belpochta catalogue — 74977 For future foreign subscribers for ‘Belarus’ magazine, apply to ‘MK-Periodica’ agency. E-mail: info@periodicals.ru Telephone in Minsk: +375 (17) 227-09-10.

2011 беларусь.belarus

From the editor

Symbols of time

eptember is, undoubtedly, a month when our thirst for knowledge reaches its culmination. Schoolchildren and students head for the classroom on the first autumn day, commencing their next steps on the journey of learning. Without study, how would young people achieve their career goals? Belarus occupies a leading place in Europe and worldwide for its level of university training — a praiseworthy tradition formed dozens of years ago. We can be proud that it hasn’t lost its power. Educational processes natural evolve — both in universities and schools; today, technology has a strong role to play. Who can imagine a student without their laptop? Now, junior school pupils are receiving computer literacy classes and the usual textbooks are being replaced by electronic display boards. The experiment seems interesting, although it’s still too early to decide on its success. Time will tell. Despite innovations guiding the educational process, respect for the printed word remains, as celebrated by the Day of Belarusian Written Language in September. This year, the holiday was hosted by Brest Region’s Gantsevichi, with the whole town working to make the event memorable. It honoured the most famous Belarusian writer, Yakub Kolas, who taught in a village near Gantsevichi for almost two years (from October 1902 to August 1904). At that time, he was aged just 20 and we can hardly suppose that he imagined that his statue would appear in Gantsevichi ‘in bronze’ a century later. Opening the Avenue of Written Language, where the monument to Kolas was unveiled, Pavel Latushko, Belarus’ Culture Minister, noted, “Belarusians can be justifiably proud of their historical and cultural legacy and their printed word.” The bronze plaques of writers, born in Gantsevichi District

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and installed at the Avenue, confirm his statement. Written language and literature are surely inseparable notions, since language acquires elevation through artistic works. Words are processed like diamonds by poets and prose writers. Throughout Gantsevichi, books were seen everywhere, being bought avidly by the crowds. In Searching of the Lost and Caring for the Future, we can read about the Day of Belarusian Written Language and how it promotes the revival of cities and towns. The holiday in Gantsevichi may be over but its spiritual traces continue to echo.

Trade is no less important than spiritual self-assertion, forming the basis of our material well-being. Since September, Belarus has been using the market exchange rate of its Belarusian rouble: the first step of the anti-crisis strategy, prepared by the Government and the National Bank and praised by experts. Stabilisation of the currency market should help businesses, investors and the population look ahead, while bringing clarity to the economy. Announcing the new strategy, President Alexander Lukashenko noted that it is

based exclusively on objective market laws. However, Belarus is facing a difficult path ahead to revitalise its economic system. Of course, Belarus is not alone in facing such a situation; many states have been obliged to solve similar problems, with anti-crisis recipes already elaborated. The stabilisation of the currency market and achieving of a single rouble exchange rate are the foremost tasks in such cases, enabling businesses, investors and residents to orient their plans for the future. Read more in Anti-crisis Strategy. This year sees the 20th anniversary of the formation of the CIS, which has a history as complex as that of its member states. No one believes that it has yet run its course; however, various projects aiming at consolidation are being discussed. The CIS Summit, hosted by Dushanbe in early September, demonstrated that the eleven member countries are keen to strengthen their partnership. Twenty Years On underlines that Belarus has always been and will remain an active supporter of integration within the CIS. The Union is also dedicated to integration, particularly referring to Russia and Belarus, looking at the key facts of integration interaction. Time Brings Countries Closer details today’s opportunities in the Persian Gulf, covering relations between Belarus and Qatar — one of the most influential states in the region. Meanwhile, September always marks the beginning of a new cultural season, with theatres announcing their premieres. Our Season of Discoveries is dedicated to the current theatrical and concert season. Alexander Anisimov, Chief Conductor of the State Academic Symphony Orchestra of Belarus, who was recently awarded the title of People’s Artiste of Belarus, has many delights planned for the new season, as he tells us in Major Notes in the Score of Life. His conductor’s baton, made by a Belarusian master from Mogilev, travels with him far and wide, at home and abroad, making an excellent symbol of Belarusian culture. VIKTOR KHARKOV, editor of magazine “Беларусь. Belarus”

Panorama  Merits acknowledged Vitebsk State Medical University Rector Valery Deikalo awarded ‘Winged Lion’ international order for reviving motherland

So much music! Minsk always smartens up well for festive occasions and City Day is no exception

decade ago, when the history of this holiday began, the second weekend of September became the time to mark Minsk City Day. It’s such a beautiful event. Although the summer has passed, the streets become crowded again with promenaders, while the trees yet retain their colour. Visitors to the Belarusian capital enviously admire its green avenues, which almost appear like groves, its shaded courtyards, and lush public gardens and parks. Festivities took place not just in the city’s green areas but outside the National Library of Belarus for two days this year; those from the National Academy of Sciences invited guests to view the latest scientific innovations, while over 75 famous Minsk brands gathered together — a rare sight. Visitors were able to see powerful MAZ vehicles and tractors and Amkodor universal machinery, while trying Motovelo bicycles, mopeds and motorbikes. Meanwhile, young people spent eleven hours taking part in various contests and shows at Minsk-Arena — the country’s major sports ground. Around 60 events — concerts, exhibitions, trade fairs, contests and sports competitions — were enjoyed by Minsk residents and guests, with the celebrations launched at Minsk — Hero-City Monument in Pobediteley Avenue, where flowers were laid in remembrance.

Of course, musical entertainment was everywhere. Several concert grounds were set up in Pobedy Park, on the bank of Lake Komsomolskoe, with folk groups playing. The Holiday of Street Music was organised in the Lower Town, near the Troitsky Suburbs, while the ‘Minsker of the Year’ awards were festively bestowed at the Musical Theatre in the evening, followed by the premiere of Blue Cameo. The State Academic Symphony Orchestra, conducted by maestro Alexander Anisimov, opened its new season at the Philharmonic Society, with admirers of classical music listening to Gustav Mahler’s Symphony #2. City Day saw some new projects, such as Minsk’s Art Parlour exhibition, which invited people to the public garden near the Town Hall to gain acquaintance with writers and illustrators. Residents were invited to take books home for the ‘Become a Reader!’ book exchange campaign, asked to later return them to the nearest library. The sweet Holiday of Honey was also in evidence, as were craftsmen, each displaying their talents. The wonderful event concluded with a stunning musical firework display over Lake Komsomolskoe.

he ‘Winged Lion’ award is given by the International League for the Development of Science, Education, Culture and Sport, uniting over 50 states. On presenting the award in Vitebsk, the President of the organisation, Anatoly Yezhov, noted that their international experts chose Valery Deikalo and his University staff for their contribution to medical and pedagogical sciences. “The possession of this order confers prestige and moral satisfaction, giving recognition to your work, showing that your efforts have been worthily a p p r e c i a t e d ,” M r. Yezhov emphasised. Among the holders of the ‘Winged Lion’ award are representatives of different professions. Threet i m e Olymp i c champion, famo u s Belarusian wrestler Alexander Medved, is expected to be awarded in the near future. Mr. Deikalo thanked the international organisation for the appreciation of his Medical University staff ’s work, expressing hope that the award would contribute to the strengthening of co-operation with foreign colleagues and further development and promotion of Vitebsk University.

2011 беларусь.belarus

Belta

Cooperation

Time brings countries closer

At the official meeting of Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and President Alexander Lukashenko

New possibilities for Belarus in Persian Gulf region

ver the past fifty years, the Persian Gulf has turned from a global periphery area to a key region, attracting attention from major countries. It seems not long ago — in the early 20th century — that pearl divers were the main builders of its wealth; of course, the local desert was full of other treasures. In just a few decades, the largest oil and gas deposits have made the Persian Gulf nations the most prosperous on the

беларусь.belarus 2011

planet; their GDP per capita is higher than that of Western Europe. However, the Arab elite are no longer satisfied with merely pumping ‘black gold’; it prefers to invest oil-related dollars in domestic and international development. While the economic crisis was accompanied by a lack of resources, Doha, Dubai and Abu-Dhabi witnessed an advantageous position, becoming new global financial centres. Minsk long ago began developing its eastern avenue of foreign policy (a farsighted decision, as proven today) and

is keen to work with the Persian Gulf states. Belarus — with its huge industrial potential which needs investments and modernisation — is a promising partner for the Gulf states. I n m i d - Au g u s t , A l e x a n d e r Lukashenko visited one of the most influential states in the region — Qatar. As the President has promised, the concrete results of his trip should be evident by the end of the year. Meanwhile, experts are already characterising the trip as a success, calling it a real breakthrough.

Cooperation The major, and most elaborated, bilateral project envisages the construction of a facility near Doha, producing multiple nutrient fertilisers (with an annual capacity of 2mln. tonnes).

Doha in focus

Qatar’s huge 400 hectare man-made island is called the Pearl-Qatar — being a true paradise for travellers and honouring

the best airlines in the world is Qatari, while Doha hosts the famous tennis tournament for women. Meanwhile, the largest American and European universities have opened branches in the local educational town. While the Middle East is experiencing a dramatic shake-up and even some of the Persian Gulf ’s richest countries are feeling tremors, this small peninsula

D uring M r.Lukashenko’s meeting with Sheikh Hamad bin K halifa A l -Thani , the E mir of Q atar, several agreements were signed and a range of major projects outlined ; if these are realized, our countries will enjoy multimillion dollar profits their original pearl wealth. Of course, oil and gas now form half of its GDP, accounting for the lion’s share of its exports. Its reserves of gas are second only to those of Russia and Iran and it is an active market player. In the mid1990s, Qatar began to liquefy natural gas, shipping it abroad. It now leads in liquefied fuel, producing over 100bn cubic metres a year. It is building terminals to liquefy gas along the whole perimeter of the European Union, which is of great interest to Belarus — being keen to diversify its energy dependence. No concrete decisions on the issue were made in Doha but it will surely be a topic for discussion in future. Despite tough climatic conditions (the temperature of the Persian Gulf ’s waters is the same as the temperature of the human body while the air is much hotter) Qatar has managed to create a dynamically developing and diversified economy. Its GDP demonstrates 20 percent growth annually. However, Doha now wants to shift from a hydrocarbon mono-economy to ‘polyphony’. Oilgenerated dollars must be used wisely, and Qatar is succeeding in it. The monarchy is not an isolated regime, being open to the world. It attracts the best workers, taking on the experience of liberal Western economies and guarding its image carefully. One of

remains ‘an island of stability’. This is largely due to the fact that the absolute monarchy is among the most liberal in the region. Qatar follows a policy which meets its interests, while supporting equal relations with the East and the West and remaining independent. Its Al Jazeera TV channel — launched and financed by Qatar’s Emir — is watched by a bigger audience locally than CNN or the BBC, featuring open reports which quite often irritate the major capitals of the Muslim world. Interestingly, the state joined the Libya Contact Group when Muammar Gaddafi’s conflict with the rebels began.

Common time

Four thousand kilometres divide Minsk and Doha but there’s no time difference, as our two states share a single time zone. It’s naturally an advantage but is not the major reason for our states enjoying such active and fruitful business links. Our economies perfectly complement each other: Belarus boasts technologies, industry and a profitable geographical position at the centre of Europe, while Qatar possesses financial resources to spare. Summing up the results of his visit, Mr. Lukashenko noted that the sphere of our two states’ collaboration has been extended. “Belarus boasts unique opportunities while Qatar possesses huge

financial resources. They lack possibilities while we lack finances, forming the foundation of our mutual relations. The Emir wants to inject money into profitable projects, to enhance the welfare of his people, so we’ve proposed various ventures,” he explains. Belarus boasts good relations with all the states in the Persian Gulf but Qatar stands out against this generally positive background. This was Mr. Lukashenko’s second trip to Doha, after a ten year break, and he admitted that he was much impressed by the evident changes. The Emir of Qatar — whom the President calls his great personal friend — visited Minsk two years ago. As any Arabist can confirm, rare foreign trips by Persian monarchs testify to the greatest favour and interest. In fact, Belarus is the only state in the CIS and Eastern Europe from where citizens can fly to Doha, obtaining visas at the airport. Similar privileges are only granted to citizens of the USA, Western Europe, Japan and Australia. In turn, Minsk has demonstrated flexibility, backtracking from its principle of diplomatic reciprocity to lift visas for Qatari citizens. Of course, if Belarus is truly interested in accepting foreign guests, tourists and businessmen, then our Foreign Ministry should take these steps. Our visa relations with Qatar must set an example for cooperation with other countries regarding this delicate issue... Since 2009, Belarus has been visited by numerous governmental and business delegations from Qatar, who have toured our oil refineries and potash facilities, construction sites in Minsk and others which seem attractive for investment. When the world’s financial-economic crisis broke, a lack of capital was registered. However, this did not affect wealthy Qatar. This small state (just 11,500 square kilometres, with a 1.5m population) is now actively involved in foreign property, investing in promising sites all over the globe: in the UK, Germany and the USA. As the famous Arab proverb says: ‘It’s better to keep your son at the market than money in a trunk’.

2011 беларусь.belarus

Cooperation The Qatar Investment Authority is estimated to hold in excess of $60bn in assets, owing a part of shares of the London Stock Exchange. It owns part of Volkswagen, Paris Saint-Germain football club, the most famous London department store — Harrods, and numerous properties in the UK (worth hundreds of millions of dollars). Specialists are convinced that investments will continue growing, respectively to Qatar’s profits. Moreover, this state — rather than Switzerland or Monaco — enjoys the highest GDP per capita worldwide. The fact that Belarus has joined the company of the most developed states (Qatar’s major partners) is a good indicator. Having huge financial resources, this monarchy injects exclusively into advanced technologies and can afford to employ the best specialists. We can only guess how many billionaires are eager to meet the heads of Qatar’s companies. Meanwhile, Belarusian

Salt of the matter

During Mr. Lukashenko’s meeting with Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa AlThani, the Emir of Qatar, several agreements were signed and a range of major projects were outlined; if these are realised, our countries will enjoy multimillion dollar profits. First Deputy Prime Minister Vladimir Semashko and Foreign Minister Sergei Martynov have announced the details of the Doha agreements. A joint fertiliser venture could lie ahead as Belarus is one of the largest global producers of potash fertilisers while Qatar — which processes gas and oil in huge volumes — has unlimited possibilities for the production of nitrogen fertilisers. Moreover, a large deposit of raw materials for the production of phosphate fertilisers is situated nearby. An engagement agreeement was signed in Doha,

indicating that serious plans are afoot; the technical specifications are being presented to the Qataris and, by the end of the year, a detailed business plan will be ready. A decision will then be made on when to commence construction works. It’s well known that multiple nutrient fertilisers cost much more than their individual components. With this in mind, Belarus is eager to set up a facility in Qatar (to supply Asian markets) while doing the same domestically — to satisfy the needs of Europe and the CIS. Minsk has suggested that Doha might like to take part in this project. At present, various variants for Belaruskali’s co-operation with Qatari are being studied, with the company actively searching for foreign partners. “Selling some shares is possible,” confirms Mr. Semashko, while Mr. Martynov adds, “There is also the option of Qatar purchasing rights of access to Belarusian potassium deposits. This could take the form of a joint facility or a concession for the development of a new deposit.” Simultaneously, Belarus is inviting Qatari businesses to develop iron ore and brown coal in its territory. An intergovernmental m e m o randum of understanding in the field of pros-

Belta

Doha, Qatar’s capital, boasts a remarkable architecture

companies have gained the opportunity, overcoming the ‘fence’ of transnational corporations.

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contacts pecting, mining and processing of mineral resources has been signed, among others.

Investments into the future

Belarus-Qatar direct trade has never been a priority and is unlikely to become so, since the Qatari market is modest in size and is focused on the UK (from which it gained independence only 40 years ago) and the USA (with whom it enjoys close relations).

Direct communication

The President has many times said that no closed topics exist with Qatar. To learn more about one another, Minsk and Doha have agreed to exchange Days of Culture. Military co-operation — which is not our major priority at present — is also worth mentioning. It’s known that the Qatari army is focused on liaising with Western states; the Emir even studied at the British Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst. Nevertheless, Doha and Minsk have

To strengthen this cooperation and start realizing projects , M insk and D oha will exchange visits by business circles in the near future . Q atari E mir S heikh H amad bin K halifa A l -Thani has promised to come to M insk this winter Our prospects rely on investment cooperation. Belarus believes that the attraction of Qatari investments should generate a powerful effect and, it seems, Qatar understands this. During Mr. Lukashenko’s visit, he twice met the Emir, while our delegation members held numerous talks. Qatar is showing interest in raising its presence in Belarus. Indirect proofs include the coverage of the visit by the Qatari printed media. There were no reports on Al Jazeera that I noticed but local TV channels endlessly broadcast the visit. Meanwhile, two English language newspapers — The Gulf Times and Peninsula — printed photos of the Doha Belarusian-Qatar talks for several days in a row. Minsk is guaranteeing the prompt settlement of all issues, as demonstrated by a prestigious land lot being allocated in Minsk’s Pobediteley Avenue for the construction of a hotel-sports complex for the 2014 IIHF World Championship — worth $100m. Qatar is, in fact, a true pundit in this field. It may look like an endless desert from above, but it will be hosting the 2022 Football World Cup. Fans even joke that local stadiums will be equipped with air conditioning.

established closed contacts in the military sphere. In October 2008, a Belarusian delegation — headed by the Defence Minister — took part in ‘Ferocious Falcon’ international military exercises. The Emir’s nationals appreciate the professionalism of the Belarusian military and often come to Minsk to enhance their qualifications (overseen by the Interior Ministry, the President’s Security Service and the Defence Ministry). A year ago, newspapers wrote about nine Qatari military men who completed a six month course at Kolodishchi Dog Breeding Centre. In turn, our servicemen have studied Arabic in Doha. This is how reciprocity works, covering all spheres of our bilateral collaboration. To strengthen this cooperation and start realising projects, Minsk and Doha will exchange visits by business circles in the near future. Qatari Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa AlThani has promised to come to Minsk this winter. To lift the last obstacles on the path of communication between our two states’ citizens, Minsk and Doha plan to launch a direct flight in the coming months.

Energy of joint business Major international project realised in Polotsk with German, Spanish, Moroccan and French partners

n early summer, the SURE European project underwent detailed discussion in Polotsk, by specialists from Polotsk City Executive Committee, Vi t e b s k R e g i o n a l E x e c u t i v e Committee, foreign experts and specialists, and members of the public. Polotsk’s twin-city, Friedrichshafen (Germany), is the leading partner of the 30 month project, which is worth about 620,000 Euros. “About 70 people took part in the discussion, which was very interesting,” notes Marina Borisova, the project’s communications officer, with satisfaction. “The goal of this interaction is topical: to inspire sustainable energy development between Polotsk and Morocco’s Sale, via their joining of the popular European initiative — the Covenant of Mayors.” Within the initiative, cities are realising the ‘20-20-20’ EU strategy, advancing sustainable energy development by 2020: cutting carbon dioxide emissions by 20 percent, raising alternative energy use to 20 percent and enhancing energy efficiency. So far, 2,181 European states and those neighbouring the EU have signed the Covenant of Mayors. Polotsk is the first Belarusian city to join the project, which is being run as part of the EU’s CIUDAD: Co-operation in Urban Development and Dialogue initiative, uniting partners from Belarus, Germany, Spain, Morocco and France. According to Ms. Borisova, a round table discussion will help set out a plan for Polotsk’s sustainable development, drawing on foreign experience. Its realisation will then commence in stages.

By Igor Kolchenko

2011 беларусь.belarus

Context

Railway station at heart of city After major reconstruction, Tsentralny bus station has been reopened in the capital

s a theatre starts with the coat-check room, cities begin with their stations. Speaking more broadly, the transport system forms the ‘face’ of a city. In this respect, Minskers are lucky, as anyone who has ever witnessed a Moscow or Kiev traffic jam can easily confirm. However, our capital is ever expanding. It can be a true challenge to get around during rush hour. As the President has noted, we must act quickly. In support of these words, he visited the reconstructed Tsentralny bus station to launch this joint project of Minsk City Executive Committee and the Railway and made a short trip on an urban Swiss-made electric train.

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The major construction site has attracted attention in the centre of the city for the past four years. Tsentralny bus station has acquired a new ‘face’, with work now completed. The unique complex is open at last, offering access to the train station and, by November, a business centre and parking. The site is a landmark for Belarus, being the first European level complex of its kind in the country, as specialists assert. The four storey building resembles an express train, equipped inside with 12 ticket counters and a waiting hall seating 90. Vigradov Studio designed the architectural appearance of the new station, with construction overseen by the Miaton company. Its director, Alexander Kunitsky, admits that they are pleased with the results. Railway staff have offices on the first floor, where a comfortable room for children is also available. There are 14 bus platforms, with information displayed on LCD screens — to international and domestic destinations (Brest and Grodno). From now on, Tsentralny will operate as an international bus station, receiving its first passengers at platforms and ticket offices. Work continues on cafes, restaurants, shops and multi-level parking for the eye-catching building. It stands in Privokzalnaya Square and is certainly a landmark of the Belarusian capital. As re g ard s t h e u r b an el e c t r i c t r ai n , t he f i rst stage of the project is now complete. The President travelled from the railway station to Zhdanovichi to sample the new development. In the coming five years, urban trains are to connect Minsk with more neighbouring suburbs, in Tsentralny bus station offers a wide range of addition to Smolevichi (an international trip opportunities upcoming city-satellite).

Context

Bar code reveals everything Belta

E-bank to replace tonnes of paper passports Ultra precision detection microscope is of great medical value

Technologies to export Belarus and South Africa to IMPLEMENT joint innovative projects

erms of co-operation between scientists from our two countries were recently discussed in Johannesburg, where Belarus had a booth at the South African International SAITEX Trade Exhibition. As part of the fair, numerous meetings with representatives of South African and neighbouring African companies were held, with around 50 resulting in concrete talks on possible co-operation, according to the Belarusian Institute for System Analysis and Information Support of the Scientific and Technical Sphere. SAR businessmen were especially interested in Belarusian developments in medicine, metallurgy, material science, road construction, laser and nano-technologies. They also paid close attention to our technologies for material hardening, plasma and hydro-abrasive metal cutting, as well as equipment to control temperature and the content of metals. Methods of processing ores and non-metallic materials and of making cubic gravel in concrete manufacturing and road building were also of interest. Co-operation between Belarus’ National Academy of Sciences and the research centres of South Africa was agreed in the fields of information technologies, mechanical engineering, medicine, electronics and bio-technologies. Joint training of personnel with the highest scientific qualifications may be arranged, while Belarus received several proposals regarding the promotion of Belarusian scientific and technical products on the South African market.

elarus, Russia and Kazakhstan plan to establish a single database of e-passports, helping unify and simplify registration of products. The Customs Union urgently needs to shift to a unified format, replacing paper invoices with electronic versions. Several years ago, two dimensional bar codes were launched in many European states; unlike linear analogues, these allow more information to be stored, including expiration terms. However, their major advantage is that a bank of e-passports can be created from this information. The Director of the Inter-Branch Scientific and Practical Centre for Identification Systems and E-Business Operations at Belarus’ National Academy of Sciences, Victor Dravitsa, tells us that a forthcoming sitting of the Customs Union is to study conditions for unifying e-passports for products. The established system will follow international rules in describing products. “Manufacturers, transport carriers and, naturally, consumers need this. The database will unite all the necessary information, significantly easing commodity flow,” Mr. Dravitsa explains. The system is to be synchronised with the databases of our three countries’ state standards: those issuing conformity certificates and those of health ministries producing hygiene certificates. The new information resource will help users promptly receive information on a product’s manufacturer and its consumer and trading characteristics. Moreover, the need for tonnes of paper certificates will be lifted. By Fiodor Alexandrov

By Olga Belova

2011 беларусь.belarus

Commonwealth

20 years on… CIS celebrates jubilee with summit analysing strengths and weaknesses

his year, the Commonwealth of Independent States is celebrating its 20th anniversary. The organisation’s history is no less complicated than the history of its separate members. It was founded on the ruins of a huge ‘empire’ — the USSR, with the purpose of a ‘civilised divorce’ (as many would say). The CIS coped well in the first decade of its existence but, over the course of time, the need to restore lost ties became increasingly apparent. Nobody believes the Commonwealth to be utterly useless, since diverse projects aim to ensure its consolidation — including the creation of a free trade zone. However, it faces challenges from time to time — such as when conflict arose in Georgia and it desired to leave the CIS. Younger and more energetic integration associations — such as the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) and the Customs Union — are coming to the fore. The recent CIS summit, held in Dushanbe in early September, indicated that our eleven countries are still keen to promote partnership and further strengthen integration. At the President’s order, Belarus was represented at the top level meeting by Prime Minister Mikhail Myasnikovich. The summit celebrated its jubilee with red-carpet meetings between heads of state while its agenda tackled 11 issues. These included a study of the

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report Results of CIS Activity over 20 Years and Tasks for the Future. The heads of national delegations acknowledged the CIS’ historical role in preserving and strengthening relations within the post-Soviet space. CIS Executive Secretary Sergei Lebedev has his own opinion on the subject, saying, “I’m convinced that the Commonwealth — formed in late 1991 on the wave of global geopolitical

Rasizade discussed the Nagorny Karabakh dispute. However, conflicts are currently frozen, with the peace keeping process underway. Progress is slow but this is certainly a major achievement of the CIS in its two decades of operation.

Hardships of growth

The heads of state also highlighted certain problems, stressing the need

The summit celebrated its jubilee with red- carpet meetings between heads of states while its agenda tackled 11 issues. The heads of national delegations acknowledged the CIS’ historical role in preserving and strengthening relations within the post-S oviet space change — has helped solve the most vital issues relating to the USSR’s collapse. The development of undesirable events during unpredictable times was prevented, as was the full destruction of historically established ties within the post-Soviet space. Much owing to the CIS, trade-economic relations have remained strong or have transformed. Co-operation in the field of security has been established, while the necessary legislation for humanitarian interaction has been passed.” Interstate conflicts still exist on one-sixth of the planet. In Tajikistan, Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan and Azerbaijani Prime Minister Artur

for a free trade zone and an interstate targeted programme of innovative co-operation. This is Minsk’s priority, focusing on practical feedback. Various talks took place, including discussion of the gas dispute between Russia and Ukraine. Summarising the CIS’ achievements and hardships, the President of Russia (the largest country and the USSR’s legal successor), stressed, “Much of what is being debated is fair and correct. However, Russia considers that we must not belittle the significance of this structure or its historical role in maintaining stability within the post-Soviet space. Our CIS states have now found an optimal scheme of co-

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Commonwealth

It has become a tradition to take photos to record the history of events arranged at the level

operation which ensures flexibility of participation. No other alternative to the CIS exists. It is a single platform for the provision of co-operation between interested states in all possible spheres of interaction. I want to assure you, dear colleagues, that this position will remain unchanged for Russia.” The Russian President then focused on the organisation’s observation of elections and referenda among the CIS states. He believes that international observers sometimes demonstrate an openly politicised approach and double standards. The CIS has its own observation mission, in addition to a group of observers from the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly. “We all naturally strive to conduct free and democratic elections. However, this does not mean that an open door exists to external forces, allowing them to influence from outside. With this in mind, it’s crucial that we ensure a more active role for CIS missions in observing elections in our countries,” the Russian President asserted.

Belarusian accent

In Dushanbe, PM Mr. Myasnikovich noted that, taking into account global challenges and uncer tainty, the

Commonwealth is a factor of stability which would benefit from further development. He is certain that, despite criticism of the CIS, the organisation boasts many positive aspects, aiding the co-ordination of political, economic and humanitarian issues. “I think that occasional discord is fine, since it is never permanent and leads to no break in relations,” he stressed. The Prime Minister stated that the CIS has the advantage of promptly realising joint projects. “Our signed agreement on recognition of our nations’ bravery and heroism during the Great Patriotic War is the best indicator of our unity in assessing the past and, accordingly, a co-ordinated future path,” said Mr. Myasnikovich. On assessing prospects for the organisation’s development, he stressed the necessity of setting up joint companies and strengthening business collaboration. “Our country has initiated the strengthening of innovative partnership within the CIS,” he added. According to Mr. Myasnikovich, the CIS’ accumulated experience is of benefit to the Customs Union. “We’ve seriously advanced within the Customs Union but the acceptance of new members should be conducted thoroughly — to avoid

a situation of inequality,” he said. Mr. Myasnikovich stressed that those building the Customs Union must take on certain obligations even when they are unprofitable. “Each country must understand that it may win in some aspects but need to yield in others,” he added. During the summit, the Prime Minister held talks with other CIS leaders. In particular, he discussed co-operation in the energy sphere with Dmitry Medvedev, focusing on the construction of a nuclear power station and on a co-ordinated policy in achieving a single exchange rate for the Belarusian rouble. “Our talks with Dmitry Medvedev were productive, discussing almost every issue on the agenda — primarily relating to Belarus,” Mr. Myasnikovich said. He noted, “Orders will be given to ensure that the agreements reached at the top level by presidents and heads of government are fulfilled by the corresponding agencies.” Summing up the results of his trip to Tajikistan, Mr. Myasnikovich emphasised that the Belarusian delegation fulfilled its aims. Belarus has always been and will remain an active supporter of integration within the CIS. By Igor Slavinski

2011 беларусь.belarus

Integration

Poles of attraction Despite pessimistic forecasts, ties between former Soviet republics remain two decades on, even strengthening between Belarus and Kyrgyzstan

insk and Bishkek are situated far apart, yet have always had much in common; t o d a y, e v e n more parallels are obvious, as we share serious economic interests, common foreign political priorities and warm and friendly relations. We have strong foundations for relationships, unbreakable by disputes. The current Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Kyrgyz Republic to Belarus, H.E. Mr. Erik Asanaliev, has been in Minsk for less than a year. He notes that 2011 marks the 20th anniversary of the collapse of the USSR, with one sixth of the former USSR territory now split off as sovereign states. Of course, geopolitical ties remain, although each country now has its own national interests. Sometimes these coincide and sometimes they don’t but former Soviet republics retain a special relationship. In the case of Belarus and Kyrgyzstan, these ties have even intensified. Moreover, Minsk and Bishkek seem to be the most interested in integration within the CIS, taking part in almost every integration process, being at the hub of the Commonwealth.

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Now is the time to sum up results and achievements. Soviet republics, including your country, are celebrating jubilees of independence. What are the major achievements of Kyrgyzstan? In my opinion, the most vital is the nation’s awareness that Kyrgyzstan can live independently while being able to build a sovereign democratic state. A definite change has occurred in how we

ments politically, although other states’ achievements may seem greater. Our economic opportunities are restricted and our communications are complex, since we are landlocked, with no close sea access. We understand that we must do everything ourselves, as nobody will act for us. Our politicians have outlined our political, economic and social strategies, with guidelines on how

Belarus and Kyrgyzstan share serious economic interests, common foreign political priorities and warm and friendly relations. They have strong foundations for relationships, unbreakable by disputes view ourselves. When the Soviet Union was collapsing, many were afraid that we, as a subsidised republic, wouldn’t manage without central subsidies. The whole industrial cycle which existed inside the Union was broken, so we had to begin from scratch. Our leaders were one of the first to introduce a national currency — the Som. Kyrgyzstan’s joining of the WTO ahead of other CIS states indicated our independent economic policy. These moments were vital achieve-

to build relationships with neighbouring states, the wider world, and within regional and international organisations. In late October, elections are scheduled for Kyrgyzstan, which has a world record for its number of candidates: around 80. Additionally, your country has hosted two revolutions led by the people in the past few years. Do you think political change will be gradual or should we expect more dramatic upheaval?

Integration

Alexander Ruzhechka

The Customs Union offers further development. We’ve preserved industrial co-operation with Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, as well as joint communications. Our economies complement each other. The Customs Union offers

Erik Asanaliev, Ambassador of Kyrgyzstan

It’s surprising that there are 80 candidates. As far as revolutions are concerned, they happen when certain conditions arise and when the political structure, economic order or consciousness is ready for change. These are objective reasons. The fact that we’ve had two in Kyrgyzstan shows our society’s desire to self-determine its future. It also shows that something wasn’t in order. We’ve guided our own development and now have a new constitution — as a result of a referendum. We’ve given devolved power to President Roza Otunbaeva for the transitional period; she’s pledged to form a parliament and government and conduct court reform. The country is prepared for its next stage of development, so I’d rather not contradistinguish a revolution and evolution. Have you been ‘vaccinated’ against more revolutions? I can’t say but there’s a public awareness that other paths of political development are possible. Presidential powers in our country have now been limited, transferred to parliament, so a balance of power is more evident. It’s vital that we see debate in the political

arena. I believe that disequilibrium led to those bleak events we witnessed in the past. How would you characterise today’s bilateral relationships? Recently, Minsk was visited by the Kyrgyz Prime Minister and, as we see from TV broadcasts from the CSTO and EurAsEC summits, our presidents often share their thoughts. What would you say to critics who see the situation with Kurmanbek Bakiyev as an obstacle to developing relations? Kyrg yzstan and B elarus have never disagreed on any issue — either during the Soviet or post-Soviet times. Our bilateral relations have always been based on trust and we’ve always supported each other within international organisations. Nothing has changed in this respect. As far as economic relations are concerned, events over the past year speak for themselves. It has been a very difficult time, with our republic feeling isolated. We had problems with supplies and, even, humanitarian cargoes, medicines, fuel and food. However, trade between Belarus and Kyrgyzstan did not fall. The residency of the former Kyrgyz president in Belarus is an issue for

access to the external world. We still find it difficult to compete on European markets, so we’re very interested in the Customs Union debate, since Kyrgyzstan and Belarus are yet to agree on the matter. However, a compromise will surely be found. In my view, it’s only a matter of time. We sometimes hide behind political announcements, when they are really just declarative; pragmatism leads us to concentrate on developing trade. Belarus and Kyrgyzstan are jointly taking part in all integration associations within the CIS. You represent your country at such meetings, so you know the situation. Dushanbe has also hosted a jubilee summit of the CIS. What do you think of ill-wishers who say it’s run its course? Sociologists, politicians and experts talk of a ‘civilised divorce’ and a ‘club of interests’ — perhaps because they don’t understand the real correlation of forces. To be clear, after the USSR collapsed, some CIS states faced a bleak situation, although they avoided the war seen in Yugoslavia. There were conflicts, which are now frozen. There has been a desire to settle problems peacefully, although the results are still unfolding. We believe that the CIS has helped us preserve ties in various spheres, especially regarding humanitarian, scientific and military security. Some announce-

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Integration ments and documents adopted by the CIS have remained declarative only — as there has been no opportunity to implement them. Meanwhile, the European Union has adopted various decisions, realising them over the course of several years… Did you attend the Dushanbe meeting with definite initiatives? It was a scheduled session. 2011 is a jubilee year for the CIS, so there are many cultural and humanitarian events planned. It’s vital to demonstrate our achievements of the past two decades and it’s useful to analyse our strengths and weaknesses. Belarus and Kyrgyzstan are together in everything except the Customs Union, although the press have speculated that Bishkek has sent signals of its desire to join the ‘trio’. How does Kyrgyzstan view our union and does it really need the Customs Union, taking into account that it long ago joined the WTO? Joining the WTO was a far-reaching step for Kyrgyzstan while the Customs Union offers further development. We’ve

still find it difficult to compete on European markets, so we’re ver y interested in the Customs Union. Of course, all aspects will be taken into account before the final decision is made. The Customs Union is also a political union, which is attractive to Kyrgyzstan. We’re a good corridor to China for the Customs Union, so we can offer great opportunities in return. I believe we can be useful. Ethnic clashes in Kyrgyzstan have made the CSTO think about reform. Belarus is currently chairing this organisation and, at the recent informal summit, Alexander Lukashenko spoke to Roza Otunbaeva, as we saw on TV. What were they discussing? I wouldn’t say that CSTO reform is high on the agenda. I believe it’s more about the

As far as economic relations are concerned, events over the past year speak for themselves. It has been a very difficult time, with our republic feeling isolated. We had problems with supplies, and, even, humanitarian cargoes, medicines, fuel and food. However, trade between Belarus and Kyrgyzstan did not fall preserved industrial co-operation with Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, as well as joint communications. Our economies complement each other. Our legislation has already been adapted for the WTO, while your ‘trio’ is still bringing its legislation in line with that of this world organisation. For us, the Customs Union offers access to the external world. We

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organisation’s adaptation to the changing situation — since it’s a military-political union. It’s still a young organisation, with experience yet being amassed. Moreover, members’ legislation is still being unified — for instance, in the sphere of peacesupport operations. At present, I see three major evils within the CSTO’s zone of responsibility: drugs, terrorism and separatism.

We should pursue a trustworthy policy on these issues while making some agreed decisions. When bleak events took place in the south of Kyrgyzstan in 2010, we were presented with a fait accompli, showing that this military-political organisation isn’t fully capable. Our legislation was inadequate. There was definite mutual political understanding but nobody knew how to act within the organisation, engaging existing instruments practically. We understood that our organisation was lacking. Alongside our allies, we believe that Belarus’ presidency of the CSTO has been pro-active. Necessary decisions are being made and we’re seeing gradual change. Of course, Ms. Otunbaeva supports Mr. Lukashenko’s initiatives. We need a capable organisation. Less than a year has passed since you arrived in Belarus, so your impressions of our country are still fresh. What has most surprised you? I’m interested in your point of view as an ordinary person and as a diplomat, who has set up relations between countries and has brought businessmen closer… I’d never been to Belarus before but the Internet is always at hand, offering so much information. Primarily, it contains materials which reflect the EU’s perception of the situation in Belarus. I admit that I was influenced by this information and imagined some serious confrontation. On arriving, I was greatly surprised to meet such calm, tolerant and benevolent people. As far as I see, your socially oriented policy allows a comfortable life for Belarusians and guests. Others share my opinion I think; I recently met Lithuanian businessmen and wondered how they build relations with Belarusian partners in view of EU sanctions. They say that it’s a political decision and, as far as business contacts are concerned, they don’t have any problems. I’m confident that the political side will be settled sooner or later. By Igor Svetlov

Business barometer

Forecasts

IMF and World Bank recognise results of market related polls conducted among Belarus’ top managers

orecasts must sometimes be taken with a pinch of salt, although they can be quite useful. Every three months, governmental officials receive analytical bulletins showing the results of polling around 800 heads of industrial and construction organisations. Belarus’ top managers discuss demand, production capacity, number of orders in place and stocks in warehouses. Since 1994, such polls have been conducted by the Economy Ministry’s Scientific-Research Economic Institute. The Analytical Centre’s Head, Irina Griboedova, tells us that their methods are those first developed by the Munich Institute of Economic Studies in 1949. In 1962, European countries began to use the system widely, with the USA, Canada, China and Russia joining some time later. Questions posed to directors are chosen carefully, focusing on the most topical issues in the sphere of production and are well known to each top manager. The Government considers that such liaisons between manufacturers and authorities are important for decision making. “Similar polls differ from official statistics in being gathered so promptly; our Institute receives answers far more quickly than official results can be summed up,” says Ms. Griboedova. “Moreover, we obtain information on

possible prospects for the coming three months, which enables us to correct some of our global economic plans, forecasts and actions.” The Institute especially notes that its market polls are acknowledged by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The IMF’s Country Memorandum reads: ‘The comparison of market situation polls with official statistics indicates a high level of correlation between registered trends of industrial growth. This makes it possible to assert that economic growth in Belarus is real, rather than the result of paper manipulation of statistical figures’. “With this is mind, we view our work as enhancing our country’s prestige,” stresses Ms. Griboedova. “Moreover, IMF specialists use these polls in talks with the Belarusian Government.”

At present, the heads of the major industrial enterprises are polled — state and business run, which account for over 50 percent of all manufacturing. In addition, small businesses also participate. Next year, besides industrialists and constructors, heads of trading organisations will be polled, as assessment of the consumer market is of no less importance. “Expectations by company heads meet trends registered in the best period of our growth: in the first half of 2008. Over the past three years, we’ve registered no optimistic trends of the kind,” notes Ms. Griboedova. “Actually, the poll’s results are not mere optimism but real facts and figures. These indicate growth in production volumes, reduced warehouse stocks and enhanced exports — to Russia and further abroad.” By Vladimir Bestemianov

2011 беларусь.belarus

Economy

Anti-crisis strategy

xperts have praised the move, noting that stabilisation on the currency market should allow businesses, investors and the public to entertain more confidence in the future and that economic processes will enjoy greater clarity. On announcing the new strategy, President Alexander Lukashenko stressed that it is based exclusively on objective, market laws. Difficult times lie ahead economically, necessitating the reconsideration of previous approaches and the reduction of money emission. Moreover, companies’ efficiency must be enhanced. Moreover, economic recovery is accompanied by the sharp devaluation of the national currency which brings less spending power to the public. According to Mr. Lukashenko, unity is vital to avoid the country’s destabilisation. Speaking to teachers in late August, he asserted that representatives of other political forces of Belarus are welcome to share a round table with him to discuss the strategy. “As Head of State, I invite all reason-

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able people who love their country — regardless of their political camp — to join me in a round table discussion. We can look into each other’s eyes, learning each other’s worth, and really decide what can be done to effectively improve the situation,” he emphasised. The President also invited the European Union, Russia and international structures to send representatives to such a round table discussion.

Correcting mistakes

Over the past five years, Belarus has seen its GDP grow dramatically: 8-10 percent up annually. Such dynamics were achieved largely by the state financing of various programmes — particularly in industry and agriculture. Salaries were raised significantly, outstripping labour productivity, while the volume of money printed by the National Bank grew, creating enhanced demand for foreign currency and import growth. During an August meeting to discuss socialeconomic issues, Mr. Lukashenko noted, “Any positive result is achieved at a price. In 2010, the deficiency of foreign trade in goods and services totalled 14 percent

Vitaliy Gil

Belarus to adjust the Belarusian rouble exchange rate to match the existing market environment. This is a first step towards implementation of the anti-crisis strategy elaborated by the Government and the National Bank

of GDP. In other words, we consumed more than we produced or sold.” Serious economic problems became apparent this spring, when our chronic misbalance in foreign trade and reduced volumes of foreign loans led to a lack of currency. The Belarusian rouble’s devaluation was necessary; in May, the National Bank’s official rate rose from Br3,100 to Br5,000 per dollar. However, black market currency exchange stood at Br7,000-8,000 or more. Speakingofthelaunchoftheanti-crisis programme in August, Mr. Lukashenko noted that the situation facing Belarus is also typical elsewhere. Other states had

Economy in its efforts to stabilise the currency market. The President has prohibited the Government and the National Bank from introducing new emissions. Naturally, those employed by staterun enterprises will receive adequate support, as will pensioners and those on small incomes. However, subsidised production and privileged interest rates on loans for building homes need to be suspended (the major target of emission flow in past years).

Positive signals

to settle similar problems and anti-crisis recipes already exist. The primary task is to stabilise the currency market and achieve a single exchange rate, so that businesses, investors and citizens have a clear picture of their future. In the past, Belarus has placed strict parameters for foreign currency fluctuations, with the National Bank’s interventions ensuring a fixed rate. However, it’s now too costly for the economy to artificially support the rate; it must begin to obey the laws of supply and demand, governed by the market. Simultaneously, the state plans to restrain money flow into the economy

Belarusian and foreign experts have praised the anti-crisis plan. The IMF Permanent Representative in Belarus, Natalia Kolyadina, notes, “We welcome the authorities’ decision to announce their strategy for macroeconomic stabilisation; the partial liberalisation of foreign currency trading is the correct step and we’re satisfied with their intention to refrain from unjustified monetarycredit expansion. Like the authorities, we’re worried that inflation is devaluing people’s incomes. The most vulnerable groups must be protected through targeted social assistance measures.” The Dean of the Belarusian State Economic University’s Economic Department, Mikhail Kovalev, believes that the state is taking appropriate steps. However, he notes that extreme decisiveness is needed to create economic stability, with emissions ending completely. “In late 2010, public earnings comprised 66 percent of GDP; by the end of June 2011, this had dropped to 52 percent. These are hard times but we must all knuckle down. Salaries should not be raised and no new money should be printed, since this would only aggravate the situation on the financial market,” he asserts. Alexander Gotovsky, the Deputy Director of the Centre for System Analysis and Strategic Studies at the National Academy of Sciences, notes, “Sadly, the recovery of the economy is taking place via a sharp decrease in people’s level of consumption and in their standard of living.” However, he admits that some positive trends are

already evident: direct and indirect imports are falling in the wake of the devaluation. “The economy is gaining its own balance, with the necessary mechanisms launched,” he stresses. The Administrative Director of the Belarusian Economic Research and Outreach Centre, Pavel Daneyko, also notes the positive influence of the devaluation, stating that, this year, ‘we’ll have to pay for our past mistakes’. In 2012, the Belarusian economy is expected to begin growing, owing to rising exports. According to statistical data, this summer, Belarus began improving its foreign trade balance, with exports of goods exceeding imports by $167m in July — the best figure registered so far. Foreign trade misbalances are gradually levelling. Mr. Daneyko also forecasts a rise in investment, explaining, “The assets of our enterprises — nominated in roubles — are now cheaper if calculated in foreign currency. Meanwhile, Belarus now has a cheaper labour force than that of neighbouring states, making it more profitable for investors to set up production and participate in the privatisation of existing enterprises.” The Government and the National Bank plan to actively sell state property to replenish our country’s gold and currency reserves, while enhancing our economic efficiency. By late 2011, at least $5bn is to be attracted from strategic investors, including $2.5bn from Russian Gazprom’s purchase of Beltransgas’ controlling stock. In August, it was announced that, from 2012, Russian gas will be pumped to Belarus under a decreasing pricing coefficient, aiding Belarusian export attractiveness; the agreement was achieved by prime ministers Mikhail Myasnikovich and Vladimir Putin. At present, the Government and the National Bank understand that privileged energy prices and foreign loans are not enough to sustain a stable economy; the key to the anti-crisis plan is for Belarusian goods to be competitive and for local companies to be efficient. By Vitaly Volyanyuk

2011 беларусь.belarus

Written language day

In search of the lost and caring for the future Gantsevichi, in the Brest Region, has been preparing for Belarusian Written Language Day for a whole year; certainly, it’s now ready and will prove worthy. Next time, Glubokoe in Vitebsk Region will host the event. Gantsevichi is the third city in Brest Region and the 18th countrywide to welcome the country’s top journalists and writers. Nobody doubts the cultural, architectural and literary contribution of ancient cities to our country’s history; however, relatively modern Gantsevichi may seem a strange choice of venue. Few even knew where to find it on the map…

he city grew around the construction of the Vilno-Rovno section of the Polesie Railway. In 1884, three stations opened in today’s Gantsevichi District: Gants e vichi, Lyusino and Malkovichi. By 1902, Minsk Governor Office had approved a plan to build a town of the same name at Gantsevichi station. Many exhibits at the local museum are connected with the railway; photos of station heads, lamps used by station wardens, documents and geographic maps. A special place is devoted to the wall clock, donated by the daughter of the former head of Malkovichi station, Klimenty Krupenich. At first sight, it appears simple, failing to work without its cuckoo. However, from an historical point of view, it is priceless. Three letters are inscribed on the face: ‘ПЖД’ (Polesie Railway). The Emperor presented the clock to the railway master for good service, giving Mr. Krupenich his own place in history. His photo hangs near the clock in the museum. Gantsevichi District Library has organised an exhibition of rare books

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Collection (1904), Care of Patients — an illustrated medical reference book (1917) and Emperor Nikolay II and His Family (1921). All are worth seeing. Meanwhile, more rare books are kept by city residents and those in neighbouring villages, in their home libraries.

Land praised by talents

Among the new projects premiered at the Gantsevichi festival were exhibitions featuring Frantsisk Skorina’s Bible and Yakub Kolas’ books (on loan from the Belarusian National Library) dedicated to Belarusian Written Language Day. Among them are many ‘witnesses’ of bygone times, when the city was young: Science and Life magazine (1892), Volume One of the A.S. Pushkin

If Alexander III had failed to initiate the construction of Polesie Railway, would life be different in modern Polesie? There’s no doubt that, sooner or later, a railroad would have been built, as people have always been attracted by its amazing landscapes. The area around Gantsevichi was first settled in the 5th-4th millennia BC — as proven by archaeological finds from the Neolithic era, in Kachaika, near the district centre. Ad d re s s i n g t h o s e at t e n d i n g Belarusian Written Language Day festivities, the Chairman of Gantsevichi District Executive Committee, Vladimir Stolyar, called the territory ‘a singing land and picturesque area’. Of course, nobody could think otherwise; the city naturally deserves its right to host the holiday. Through the years, it has given

Written language day birth to famous folklore researcher and ethnographer Alexander Serzhputovsky and Belarusian writers and poets such as Vasily Proskurov, Mikhas Rudkovsky, Ivan Kireichik, Ales Kasko, Ales Kozhedub and Victor Gordey. During the holiday, an Avenue of Written Language was launched in Gatsevichi, dedicated to these prominent literary men. Meanwhile, a monument to Belarusian classical writer Yakub Kolas has pride of place. His life started here. The first part of his trilogy At the Crossroads (In Polesie’s Wilderness) was written in the village of Lyusino (near Gantsevichi) during his school teaching years. Interestingly, the granite-bronze monument was inspired by a photo taken while he lived in Lyusino. Brest husband and wife sculptors Pavel Gerasimenko and Alesya Gurshchenkova created the wonderful statue (both members of the Belarusian Artists’ Union).

Books more than a source of knowledge

Belarusian literary specialties enjoyed popularity

Belarusian Written Language Day successfully attracts attention to our native language and books while promoting a feeling of spirituality and national pride. We are reviving a love for some forgotten writers, while encouraging respect for our national legacy. It’s vital that we keep hold of our roots, which began in the times of Yevfrosiniya Polotskaya. The festival breathes light into our cities and villages. The Archbishop of Lvov and Galitsia, Avgustin, tells us that ‘the cut and sewing are perfect’ regarding the holiday. The representative of the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine was an honourable guest in Gantsevichi. Many other foreign guests also attended the event. Evidently, preservation of national traditions, and further development and promotion of Belarusian literature brings countries and cultures closer together. By Valentina Kozlovich

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Belarus’ Deputy Prime Minister, Anatoly Tozik, presented awards to the winners of the 2010 Republican Contest for the Best Literary Piece at Belarusian Written L a n g u a g e D a y, stressing that the state is focused on promoting national culture, education and printed editions. It’s h a r d t o disagree. In Belarus, book printing is actively developing, with special attention paid to classical p i e c e s . It’s n o w planned to release a collection of Vladimir

Korotkevich’s works. Meanwhile, a range of interesting books are to be dedicated to the 120th anniversary of Maxim Bogdanovich’s birth. In addition, publishing houses are preparing for major jubilees of the birth of Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas, celebrated next year. Among the new projects premiered at the Gantsevichi festival were exhibitions featuring Frantsisk Skorina’s Bibles and Yakub Kolas’ books (on loan from the Belarusian National Library). Original artefacts from the Yakub Kolas State Literary-Memorial Museum were also on display. Parties were held to honour Maxim Bogdanovich’s forthcoming jubilee, while a presentation was made for the launch of an e-book version of Poet of Beauty and Harmony. In addition, the National Library presented a collection of books by Belarusian writers to Gantsevichi library. The Gantsevichi Readings 2011 scientific-practical conference debated the next possible national programme for reading development. “We need to start discussing how best to promote reading in Belarus,” asserts Culture Minister Pavel Latushko. “Surveys conducted at our suggestion by the National Library show that our children and teenagers are reading less, which is obviously a problem.”

2011 беларусь.belarus

Special offer

Alexander Ruzhechka

Roman Motulsky, the Belarusian National Library Director, with his book ‘From the Past to the Future: Libraries of Belarus’

Libraries: backtracking history Roman Motulsky tells us about the splendour of ancient Belarusian books and their present richness

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he Belarusian National Library Director, Professor Roman Motulsky, has presented his From the Past to the Future: Libraries of Belarus research work, focusing on the country’s largest collections of folios and manuscripts, some dating from the 11th century. Who wrote the first Belarusian book and when was that? Greek missionaries brought the first books to Belarus from Byzantine, along withChristianity.Unsurprisingly,thewords ‘biblioteka’ (library) and ‘Biblia’ (Bible) are similar: the first work — recorded and then printed — was the word of God. Since then, the church has preserved and multiplied its editions over the centuries. The first libraries were founded at monasteries and cathedrals; fragments of the first Belarusian library (at Polotsk’s St. Sophia Cathedral) have preserved until our modern days. However, its manuscripts are now kept abroad — in Warsaw and Lvov. Do they date from the 11th century, when the Cathedral was built? They date back to the 15th-16th century, being removed from Polotsk during Poland’s battle against Russia for the city. They symbolise the catastrophe which affected the country’s cultural legacy; over the centuries, robberies were frequent. However, there was a period when Belarus was the most advanced Eastern European state in terms of book publishing. In the 16th century, it released 400 books; Ukraine had only 30 and Russia just 10. Russian researchers mention these figures and I rely on their objectivity. Moreover, our Frantsisk Skorina launched book printing among Eastern Slavs, which speaks for itself. Haven’t books lost their importance in our modern world? In ancient times (especially before book printing was invented), each folio was worth its weight in gold. A book was viewed as an expensive pleasure — without any exaggeration; only wealthy people could afford them. A nobleman’s library of ten folios was considered large. Today, books have become commonplace but this doesn’t mean that they’ll soon disappear.

Special offer When the construction of the new National Library building was launched, many doubted the need for it, asserting that the Internet would soon replace printed editions. However, against the distribution of electronic carriers of information, books gain exclusivity; their circulations are falling while prices are growing. Moreover, publishing houses now pay special attention to a book’s appearance. Will we ever return to the time when a book was viewed as the best present? I don’t think that time has ever left us; a good book has always been valued. Look at how quickly cinematography has developed; the Internet and digital pictures can create miracles but films remain with us. Moreover, their profitability continues to grow. Books are witnessing a similar situation. Illustrated albums and elegantly decorated collections of poetry will always enjoy demand. What inspired you to study the history of Belarusian libraries? Your text is worthy of a doctorate… I’m already a doctor of pedagogical sciences, which is enough for me. Our society feels the need to know about its past. Books are a fundamental cornerstone of modern civilisation, so to learn about the roots of our culture and state, we need to know the history of our world’s basis: books. What has been your major ‘discovery’ regarding past libraries? We once had a rich book culture but only a small part remained in Belarus. Each paragraph of my work could be continued to create a separate book narrating the often sad history of a particular library. For example, we know little about the Polotsk Jesuit Collegium’s book collection. In the early 19th century, it numbered 40,000 books, which was huge for that period. Importantly, the Collegium’s status equalled that of a university; it was actually the first higher educational establishment on the territory of modern Belarus, with its own ‘university’ library. The collection was scattered all over the world after the Collegium closed. I hope that we’ll one day be able to restore it, at least in electronic form. The National Library is currently e-restoring the Radziwills’ Nesvizh

Library as part of a major international project uniting Russian, Ukrainian and Polish specialists. We know now where the Radziwill’s books and documents are kept and are compiling catalogues of the noble family’s library. An electronic catalogue for the Khreptovichs’ library (kept in Kiev) has been partially prepared, while work on that of the Sapegi family has just begun. Last summer, books were returned to Belarus from Germany, where they were taken during WWII. The Botanical Museum of Berlin’s Free University sent Belarus five hundred 19th-early 20th century books and magazines — in Latin, German, French, Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian. These were taken to Berlin from Gorki (in

You’ve visited many countries. Does anywhere rival Belarus’ major library? No. Our library stands out not only for its original form and architecture but for its facilities. To actually read a book, you naturally need a table and a chair but our library is a true piece of art, while boasting a museum, an art gallery and a conference hall; this is unusual for most libraries. I can hardly name any European library visited purely for an excursion. What rarities reside at the National Library? Our department of manuscripts, old printed and rare editions comprises about 70,000 documents but we are most proud of Franstisk Skorina’s collection. We have ten of his Bibles, all published in the early 16th

Our department of manuscripts, old printed and rare editions comprises about 70,000 documents but we are most proud of Frantsisk Skorina’s collection. We have ten of his Bibles, all published in the early 16th century in Prague Mogilev Region) in 1943. It was the first return of the kind in the country’s long history. Why are libraries your passion? I spent my school years in the library and the club where my father worked. He was a true example to me, reading a great deal. He knew much, being a huge authority for me. When I read a newspaper advert saying that the Culture Institute was launching a beautiful new building, I moved to Minsk without hesitation. After successfully passing my entrance exams, I enrolled and, after graduation, was sent to work at the BSSR State Library (named after Lenin). This was the ‘mother’ of the National Library, which I now head. At the age of 30, I defended my candidate diploma and began working at the Minsk Culture Institute (from which I graduated) as a Library Studies Chair lecturer. In 1998, I was invited to head the Culture University’s Library-Information Systems Chair and, in 2003, was appointed the National Library’s director.

century in Prague. The National Library is now preparing a virtual database of national editions published in Belarus. Are National Library books available to readers abroad? Belarusians have access to the Cambridge and Oxford book collections via our library, which has access to 140 databases around the globe, being connected to the world’s largest libraries. In turn, readers from every continent can order e-versions of National Library books. Last year, Washington hosted a solemn ceremony where the best Belarusian editions (national and international contest winners) were donated to the US Congress Library. I gave these editions to GeorgetteDorn,theChiefoftheUSCongress Library Hispanic (European) Division. From now on, we’ll annually deliver about a hundred of our best domestic editions to the five largest global libraries. These will form the basis for Belarusian collections at major libraries around the world. By Viktar Korbut

2011 беларусь.belarus

Lifestyles

Over the River Vyacha It’s not easy to live in the capital and take up farming. However, with hard work and a friendly attitude, it’s amazing what can be achieved

ait ing for foreig n guests at the Radzima (Motherland) Society in Minsk, one of my colleagues noted that nothing more can surprise us, journalists. Everyone exchanged looks and the Head of the Society, Maxim Dubenok, smiled, saying that he would try to do this nonetheless. “You know, a couple of days ago, a joyful event occurred on our farm. Our cow, called Zorka, gave birth to its first calf. It’s already b eginning to walk. Now, we’re Maxim Dubenok and his wife Tatiana support healthy life-styles

thinking of a name for it. Maybe, you can suggest something creative?” he asked. Suddenly, it felt as if the aroma of warm, fresh milk was filling the air! Of course, news of a calf being born is nothing out of the ordinary; for it to happen in the capital city is certainly unusual however. Did Mr. Dubenok, now in his good suit and tie, wearing delicate eau de cologne, help deliver the new addition? Surely, his parents, living in their village, must be responsible. However, Mr. Dubenok assured us that it was his cow. He continued to surprise us by describing his breeding sows. He has even attended three month l o n g

cours es in G ermany to learn how to look after them. At weekends, he sells his piglets at Zhdanovichi market. “When my acquaintances see me with my ‘commodities’, they don’t believe their eyes,” smiles Mr. Dubenok. In autumn, his potatoes readily find customers. We recently visited his estate, located on a beautiful site on the River Vyacha — some 25km from Minsk’s ring road. You can reach it via Belaruchy, where Yanka Kupala once studied (not far from Vyazynka). Yakub Kolas lived there with his friend while writing his New Land and Symon, the Musician. Back in the Soviet times, Mr. Dubenok’s father-inlaw fell in love with the property. He was a Komsomol leader, organising a tourist rally nearby. In the course of time, his old dream ‘to acquire land and one’s own corner’ was brought to life, and he built a house. Now, his daughter and son-in-law, Maxim, join his son and his wife (all have degrees) in farming. They spend all their free time there and do everything themselves: mowing, milking and cleaning stalls. They admit that, although the profits aren’t yet great, they’re able to provide their own families completely with food. They live together in a friendly fashion at Vyacha, taking care of the cattle through winter. In spring and summer, they spend all their time there. Mr. Dubenok tells us that, when the house was still under construction, they all slept in their own beautiful caravans. They’re still there, since they may yet come in handy; their four little girls are growing up and will one day marry, perhaps wishing to bring their husbands here. Maxim jokes with us, while showing a complacent cow munching on grass in the field — its calf cheerfully running around it. By Mikhalina Cherkashina

беларусь.belarus 2011

Panorama  Capital’s traditional life In past two years, number of Minskers has risen by over 27,000

Programmers to simplify lives Online tourist navigation service to take form of interactive map comprising several thousand tourism related sites

o f ind a ne arby hotel, rest aurant or museum, travellers need to access the Internet via their laptop or smartphone, specifying their location. The system then generates all the necessary information and finds the fastest route to the site. Additionally, you can plan your route beforehand, even book online in advance an accommodation, a restaurant table or a tour guide. Two new registries are planned, covering tourist infrastructure and tour routes, using data from Belarus’ State Cadastre of Tourism Resources (numbering about 20,000 sites). “We need to sort cadastre data, making it available to those keen on holidaying in Belarus,” explains Vyacheslav Chernov, the National Tourism Agency Director. The Agency has prepared a tender and, in the near future, specialists will choose a cartographic basis. Variants will be studied, including Google Maps. “We’d like users to see not only maps but satellite images”, adds Mr. Chernov. In the course of time, the location of Belarusian tourist sites will be marked, in addition to related information.

insk’s Main Statistical Department states that the number of Minskers is growing — owing to migration and the natural birth rate. As of early 2011, over 1,864,000 people resided in the capital — a fifth of the country’s population. Statistical figures indicate that more women are registered in Minsk than men: 1,184 per 1,000. Meanwhile, the number of boys prevails among children of all ages. The recent census shows that the number of 0-15 year olds has risen by 6,300, reaching almost 270,000. Pensioners account for 20 percent of all Minskers and the Statistical Department notes that ageing is among the major features of city residents. In line with UN classification, a population is viewed as old if those above the age of 65 account for 7 percent; in Minsk, this figure reached almost 11 percent in 2011.

 ‘Buslik’ to see everything Pilotless aircraft to monitor situation in Belovezhskaya Pushcha

he ‘Buslik’ automated aircraft, created by the PhysicoMathematical Institute at the National Academy of Sciences, has already made trial flights over the Pushcha, showing its versatility in offering a bird’s eye view of the forest. According to the National Park’s employees, the pilotless aircraft will enable fires to be detected early, allowing to control those more easily. Ad d it i ona l ly, it w i l l a l l ow damage from storms and other weather surprises to be assessed with ease. Its data will also aid scientific research. ‘Buslik’ will send its data back to a computer, collecting still and moving footage, alongside atmospheric p r e s s u r e a n d t e mp e r at u r e readings, besides other environmental measurements. Its designers have spent several years on the pilotless ultra-light aircraft and now hope to move from trial tests to serial manufacture.

2011 беларусь.belarus

Alexander Ruzhechka

Nature

Giants from Belovezhskaya Pushcha Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Ministry develops plan for preserving Belarusian aurochs

he plan envisages the formation of a genetically sustainable robust population for the Belovezhskaya Pushcha’s aurochs, guaranteeing their preservation as an animal species. The document aims at the further growth and stabilisation of their population in the Pushcha, at a level to guarantee their long-term survival: 1,500 animals. The plan has two stages of realisation, with the first running until 2015. It a i m s t o manage the Belovezhskaya Pushcha’s auroch population, while preserving seven micro-populations of B elarusian aurochs (Belovezhskaya, BorisovskoB erezinskaya, Nalibokskaya, Polesskaya, Osipovichskaya, Ozerskaya and Ozeranskaya) and overseeing the sustainable use of their resources. Inventories are to be kept of hunting sites, aiming to detect promising areas

беларусь.belarus 2011

for the formation of new micro-populations of these rare animals. Jointly with ecologists, scientists plan to develop schemes for the aurochs’ resettlement, creating at least five new man-regulated micro-populations. A package of veterinary-sanitary measures is being prepared, overseeing the improvement of the animals’ living conditions. Additionally, technologies are to be elaborated for the aurochs’ adaptation to their new micro-populations, ensuring their optimal, ecologically friendly, livestock structure. A scientific-selection centre is to be set up at the Naliboksky Republican Landscape Reser ve, studying Belarusian aurochs’ preservation and improvements to their population. Ecologists plan to establish a single database for Belovezhskaya Pushcha aurochs — including information on

their number, distribution and micropopulations. The second stage is to cover the period from 2016 to 2030, focusing on preparing genetic passports for aurochs. Proposals will be prepared to guide forestry users and other legal entities operating on the territories where aurochs live. These will ensure the sustainable growth of animals’ micro-populations, while applying rational use of their resources. Belarus began to breed aurochs in 1946-1947 at its Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park. Seven micro-populations (numbering a total of 983 animals) are now registered, with the Park enjoying the largest of them. Over 64 years, their number has risen 40-fold, reaching 415 by early 2011. Adult animals form over half of the herds. Against the recommended number of 220-250 animals for the Belovezhskaya Pushcha, its micro-population fell in the late 1980s (due to natural resources). Over the next twenty years, a few more new aurochs were registered, although disease became more common. At present, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha enjoys a stable auroch micro-population. By Tatiana Stepanova

Soyuz Programme approach Starting point for further interaction

n 2011, trade turnover between Belarus and Russia could exceed the pre-crisis figures of 2008, stresses Russian PM and Chairman of the Union State Council of Ministers Vladimir Putin. He made his announcement at a session of the Union State Government, held on August 15th in Moscow. He joined Belarusian PM Mikhail Myasnikovich in noting that innovative projects should be to the fore, to ensure maximum efficiency in using Union State funds. Speaking to journalists, both prime ministers noted that it’s necessary to focus on innovative projects. This year, up to 40 percent of the Union State budget is being allocated to sci-tech programmes, which are to become an

efficient instrument for enhancing the Union State’s economic competitiveness. The Standing Committee is keen to support small and medium-sized businesses within the Union State, asserting that entrepreneurship quickly forms a middle class — which is the basis for any state; the Union State is no exception. “I consider that it’s now vital to provide additional dynamics to our economic co-operation. We need to create favourable and comfortable conditions for joint projects and, of course, for the encouragement of business activity and development of small and medium-sized businesses,” noted Mr. Putin. Sports and tourism issues were tackled for the first time at the Union

Belarus — Russia

State session. In early 2011, the Standing Committee supported a proposal to develop a targeted Union State programme in the field of tourism. Its ‘Tourism Policy’ section includes a draft concept for Union State social development from 2011-2015. The session studied 15 issues dealing with Union State formation — including interaction in the sci-tech field, budgets and harmonisation of work within the Union State and the EurAsEC Single Economic Space. Within the sitting, the prime ministers of Belarus and Russia held a five hour talk. Later, journalists called the Council of Ministers session and these negotiations ‘sensational’. “Russia has made a decision to prepare a contract for 2012-2014, reducing Russian gas prices in line with the ‘integration coefficient’. A decreasing coefficient to the gas pricing formula for Belarus is to be implemented,” explained Mr. Putin. “Its level will be set by our legal entities and we hope that the process will be synchronised with Gazprom’s buying of Beltransgas’ shares (it already owns 50 percent).” The State Secretary of the Union State, Pavel Borodin, commented on the sitting and talks between Mr. Putin and Mr. Myasnikovich, saying that Moscow and Minsk have settled all previous discord. “All issues regarding prices and balances of supplies within the fuel-energy complex have been solved, including those dealing with gas and oil,” he emphasised. The August 15th session is a starting point for the Union State’s further plans, which require major focus. The date of the next Union State Supreme State Council meeting was scheduled for November by presidents Alexander Lukashenko and Dmitry Medvedev during their Sochi meeting. By Larisa Rakovskaya

2011 беларусь.belarus

ynamically developing, the Union State is solving various significant tasks. A single scitech space is being formed, while the social development concept is gaining practical formation. Moreover, our two states’ legislation in the social-labour sphere is being unified, as is the level of social guarantee for our two states’ citizens. Several large scale industrial programmes are being realised. The State Secretary of the Union State, Pavel Borodin, tells us about these projects and other aspects of the Union State.

between our countries. In turn, the Union State’s executive body — the Council of Ministers — has held 39 sittings, focusing on over 750 issues regarding Union State formation. Committees and commissions within the Union State have been established to realise these decisions — including the B order C ommittee, the Customs Committee, the Committee on Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring and the Commission on Tariff and Non-Tariff Regulation under the Union State Council of Ministers. In addition, the Union State TV and

Result oriented work is major priority Union State formation in facts and arguments Mr. Borodin, real actions confirm the progress of BelarusianRussian integration. What’s been achieved so far? Much has been done but more work lies ahead. Supreme authority bodies have been set (which are envisaged by the Treaty on the Creation of a Union State of Russia and Belarus). Among them are the Union State Supreme State Council and the Union State Council of Ministers (which acts on a permanent basis). The Parliamentary Assembly of the Belarus-Russia Union acts as the Union State Parliament. In 2000-2011, the Union State Supreme State Council held 14 sessions, studying 150 issues and adopting about 130 decisions on the development of the integration process

беларусь.belarus 2011

Radio Broadcasting Organisation has been established and joint sessions of Belarusian and Russian ministries and agencies are organised. These all help the advancement of our Union’s integration. Which avenues are priorities today? Primarily, the formation of a Single Economic Space. Our Union State programmes have enabled us to revive 26,000 enterprises in Belarus and Russia, creating five million jobs. Belarus used to be ‘an assembly workshop’ for the USSR and now acts in this capacity for the Union State. 85 percent of all Europe-Russia commodity flow passes through Belarus. Belarusians and Russians account for just 2 percent of the total population on the planet but we produce 33 percent

of all global quarry machinery, 10 percent of agricultural vehicles and 10 percent of diesel machinery. The Union State annually forecasts our two states’ social-economic development, in addition to demand and supply of the most important produce. In all, 36 balance sheets have been prepared this year, with their number annually increasing. Since 1997, joint balances for oilenergy resources have been developed and realised. The formation of a single customs space is a priority outlined by the Treaty on the Creation of a Union State of Russia and Belarus. Already, stable legislation has been formed, overseeing issues of mutual trade for the Customs Union of Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan. Trade in domestically produced goods remains an objective indicator of the level of economic rapprochement and mutual complementarity of modern economies. Belarusian-Russian turnover figures are impressive… In 1999, when an agreement was signed to establish the Union State, our mutual trade with Russia stood at $6.9bn; by 2008, the figure had reached a record high of $34.2bn (up 30 percent on 2007). Only in 2009, turnover fell to $23.4bn — due to the global financial-economic crisis. Since last year, our trade has witnessed stable growth, exceeding 800bn Russian roubles ($27.9bn) in late 2010 (up almost 20 percent on 2009). Belarus occupies sixth place among Russia’s global trade partners, behind such giants as China, Germany and the USA. Meanwhile, we are ranked second within Russia’s CIS partners and hope to see turnover reach $40bn by the end of 2011. Evidently, integration and co-operation — natural for the Soviet Union — are being restored. It’s happening at a whole new level. Any successful economy (individual or collective) relies on three factors: energy, agricultural produce and human potential. According to macroeconomic laws, a 300m market of consumers ensures efficient development. In this respect, Union State programmes are to the fore. As far as we know, Union State programmes are most efficient in the field of high technologies. Union State projects embrace nuclear energy, space and other high technologies. Our co-operation in supercomputer technologies is just one example. In 2000-2004, Russian and Belarusian developers concentrated on the ‘SKIF’ programme, achieving global level results in the field of supercomputer systems. Additionally, the first steps were taken in applying the technology to specific tasks. ‘SKIF K-500’ and ‘SKIF K-1000’ are among the top five hundred high-performing devices worldwide. In 2007-2010, as part of the ‘SKIF-GRID’ programme, a

hybrid architecture and testing site for the Union State’s GRID-network was created; it has now been integrated into European infrastructure, enabling organisations and innovative enterprises to gain access to consolidated highperforming computer resources in Belarus, Russia and Europe. They can thereby conduct joint sci-tech work at the international level. Which other fields are seeing the highest level of integration? The Union State is building a single agrarian policy; already, a range of joint Belarusian-Russian programmes have been realised. One has created equipment to process fruit and vegetables, allowing us to enhance the efficiency of processing and packing, while almost halving harvesting losses and reducing our need for foreign equipment. This programme involved five major performers and 31 enterprises from Russia and four major performers and nine enterprises from Belarus. In 2000-2010, the Union State budget allocated over 34bn Russian roubles to solve our common problems, financing over 60 joint programmes. What are our next plans? In 2011, the budget is to finance 42 programmes and events dealing with the social-economic development of our two countries. This should help companies significantly improve their competitiveness, while reducing prime costs (supporting millions of jobs in Russia and Belarus). Our social, cultural, youth and information policies also remain vital, with the Union State’s social development concept guiding our co-ordinated action. The Union State is doing a great job of unifying Belarusian and Russian legislation in the social sphere… Citizens of Belarus and Russia should not feel like foreigners towards each other. We’ve already dealt with the provision of equal rights for Belarusians and Russians regarding economic activity, education, exchange of residential premises and employment. A new — ‘proportional’ — principle is now being realised between our countries regarding pensions. Each state will calculate the pension due for the period of work on its territory, paying the correct amount accordingly and sending this to the pensioner if they relocate to another territory within the Union State. In 2011, one fifth of the Union State budget is being spent on social issues. How do you view the formation of a single legal space for the Union State? Much has been done in this field, with over 150 bilateral international agreements signed and 300+ normative legal acts adopted. We are constantly working to unify Belarusian and Russian legislation, allowing our legal systems to work in conjunction. by Olga Gerasimenko

2011 беларусь.belarus

Normal flight Union State space programme boosts science-intensive technologies

pace technology (lasers, optoelectronics and instrument making) is at the forefront of BelarusianRussian sci-tech co-operation; figuratively speaking, one kilogramme of metal costs more than one kilogramme of gold. There’s no doubt that Union State members are world leaders in this sphere. The foundations of space collaboration were laid back in the Soviet times, when Belarusian scientists were developing materials and instruments for orbital spacecraft and stations. Today, our interaction is practical, with joint achievements applied on both sides. The Council of Ministers of the Union State met in March 2011 in Minsk, signing an inter-governmental agreement to form a Belarusian-Russian orbital space group, while unifying terrestrial infrastructure. By the time the agreement entered into force, Belarus and Russia had considerably advanced their joint practical application of space opportunities. A Belarusian satellite is now almost ready for launch on September 29th, alongside a Russian version. Ours is lighter and more manoeuvrable than its predecessor, weighing just 400kg and boasting resolution of about 2 metres. This will allow coverage of Belarusian territory from space, enabling our country to be independent of other states receiving and processing data on our behalf. “I don’t want to be pre-emptive, so I’ll concentrate on the key issues,” notes

беларусь.belarus 2011

Piotr Vityaz, First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. “In line with our schedule, we’re currently conducting pre-flight tests. Once the devices are in orbit, we’ll have a view over the whole country, helping us to determine the degree of maturity of forests, the spread of disease or pests, and to detect fire early. Regarding arable farming, we’ll be able to view crops from space, guiding harvesters and tractors and gaining a new perspective in how much fertiliser is needed for a particular field.” The Belarusian satellite and Russian Kanopus-B satellite launch will share a carrier rocket, orbiting at a distance of 500-520km above the Earth’s surface. “Satellites offer more than monitoring opportunities; they also give technological advantages,” explains Oleg Semenov, Deputy Chief Constructor of the Belarusian Earth Remote Sensing Space System and Chief Engineer at Geoinformation Systems. “By liaising with the Russian satellite, our efficiency as a group is raised considerably — maybe 3-4 times. We’ll be able to gather data for the Russians, while our Russian colleagues will do the same for us. In future, we’ll be able to jointly create and use even more functional spacecraft.” On August 12th, 2011, the Head of the Russian Federal Space Agency, Vladimir Popovkin, met Belarusian PM Mikhail Myasnikovich in Minsk. He announced his interest in attracting Belarusian enterprises towards the implementation of the federal space programme, mentioning specific apparatus. The results of Union State space exploration programmes were discussed at the Presidium of the NAS of Belarus meeting, with Mr. Popovkin noting that Belarus and Russia’s next programme aims to develop space and terrestrial means of remote Earth sensing, offering data services to customers from other states. The MonitoringSG programme, running from 2012 to 2016, has already passed most stages of approval and could be finalised at the forthcoming session of the Council of Ministers of the Union State, in late 2011. It will be the next stage in expanding space collaboration between Belarus and Russia, developing terrestrial and orbital means. New samples are to be created, while enhancing the qualifications of specialists. Belarus plans to expand its remote Earth sensing space system with pilotless aircraft. Joint exports of this information with Russia are possible while supercomputers created as part of the Union State SKIF programme are to be used to process data received from satellites. By Vladimir Bibikov

opment and expands their communication horizons.” Since the launch of the Festival it has been clear that Anapa is capable of becoming the happiest city in the world for a few days. This year, it opened with a gala concert on Teatralnaya Square, attended by 15,000 Anapa residents and guests. In addition to children from Russia and Belarus, the event gathered professionals such as Prime Minister, Global Circus, the Okhochie Komedianty (Eager Play Actors) Theatre and the Vavilov Circus Troupe. Before taking part in the Anapa Festival, the children passed selection rounds in Russia The Anapa Festival opened with a carnival show and Belarus, allowing those with true talent in music and dance to go through, taking their first steps on stage. The oldest participant was 15 while the youngest — Seva Kartel, from Belarusian Paleskaya Zorachka (Polesie Star) group — was only five. Ivan Bambiza, the Deputy State Secretary of the Union State, noticed these bright stars in Anapa from the first moment. “I’m convinced that, in the course of time, they’ll become major artistes,” he said. Masha Miskevich, 11, seemed to have no nerves at all. Her grandmother first took her to the Rovesnik dance ensemble (at the Republican Trade Unions’ Palace of Culture) at the age of four. Since then, Masha has worthily rivalled established masters in dancing modern versions of Bulba, Belarusian Polka, Lyavonikha and other national dances. She even surprised the Belarusian and Russian children make Russians with her ability to perform Russian national dances friends at Artistry of the Young Festival, brilliantly; of course, Belarus reveres not only its own traditions but those of neighbouring states. Rovesnik’s Artistic Leader, held in Anapa ballerina Tatiana Semchenko, brought 13 children to Anapa n late August, pop music, modern dance and Russian and, in total, Belarus was represented by seven children’s teams and Belarusian folk artistry intermixed on the stage of (one from each region and the city of Minsk). All have returned the Zhemchuzhina Rossii (Pearl of Russia) Sanatorium, home with deserved prizes. in Anapa, on the Black Sea coast. For several years in The jury was headed by composer and Honoured Figure a row, youngsters have continued the best art tradi- of Arts of Russia, Grigory Gladkov, who said, “The struggle tions formed by our two states’ elder generations. The was intense. During the festival, youngsters competed in Union State’s Permanent Committee and Parliamentary singing, choreography, playing musical instruments and, Assembly ensure that the event is always held on a high note. even, circus art. However, the major prizes were the friendThe festival is unusual in that it places the initiation of ships formed and the wonderful memories created. If our friendships between Russian and Belarusian youngsters over children become friends, then — as adults — they’ll never the element of competition. The General Secretary of the Union see borders between Belarus and Russia. We share a common State, Pavel Borodin, considers that the Festival has its own culture, as the Artistry of the Young Festival shows; it’s a special mission, “Belarusian and Russian children are united model to other countries, uniting us and showing that we can in sharing their cultural treasures, while gaining the chance to build our future upon kindness.” perfect their singing talents. The event inspires cultural develBy Viktar Novak

Friendly meetings by the sea

2011 беларусь.belarus

Single educational space: focuses outlined

elarus and Russia have much in common regarding education. In recent years, our two countries have signed over 600 agreements in this sphere. Over 40 Russian regions cooperate with Belarusian educational establishments, while the number of joint projects is ever growing and their geography is expanding. To a great extent, this is the result of the practical realisation of a Union State single educational space concept.

At the school desk

Experience exchange helps raise efficiency within our single Union State educational space. This year alone, seven Belarusian schools are realising two experimental projects: using e-tablets and the latest software to enhance learning. From September 1st, first year pupils are using personal netbooks. Moscow schools have been applying Intel-developed electronic educational software for several years already. “We need to strengthen co-operation between our countries in this field,” stresses Belarus’ Education Minister, Sergei Maskevich. “Multi-functional educational software is needed, integrating classical textbooks with electronic versions, while preserving teachers’ unique methods, remote access to resources and convenient interfacing. Our Russian colleagues are ready to support us with developments and software programmes which can be supplied to Belarusian schools this year.” Additionally, our two states’ education ministries plan to establish joint groups of teachers and scientists, who can

беларусь.belarus 2011

Artur Prupas

Formula for multiplying knowledge

Russian and Belarusian students of Minsk State Linguistic University are united by their thirst for knowledge

analyse and correlate the standards of secondary education in Belarus and Russia. Efforts should be united, although our curriculum programmes on the history of Belarus and Russia will differ. Mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology are the same everywhere of course, so it makes sense to have a unified educational programme, tested at schools across two or four regions of Belarus and Russia (as innovative integration sites). Meanwhile, the difference observed in class numbers, order of articles in textbooks and teachers’ guides does not prevent Russian or Belarusian schoolchildren from taking part as equals at various scientific contests, competitions, international Olympiads and conferences. Belarusian youngsters are regular participants and winners of the International Mendeleev Chemistry Olympiad. Meanwhile, the Union State Olympiad — ‘Russia and Belarus: Historical and Spiritual Unity’ — is a tradition already. Last year, its winners were awarded privileges in entering Belarusian and Russian higher educational establishments’ philological departments.

Enter as you wish In line with an agreement between Belarus and Russia dated December 25th, 1998, our two states’ citizens enjoy equal rights in receiving education. They can easily apply to each other’s universities and are able to choose state-funded courses and receive scholarships and hostel places. About 2,000 Russian citizens are currently studying at Belarusian universities, while the number of Belarusian students in Russia exceeds 10,000. Many take advantage of this opportunity, since there is no

eleven years of study at a Belarusian school, passing exams and applying to a Belarusian university. “Children from Siberia might come to us, asking to enrol as foreign students paying fees,” explains the Belarusian State Economic University’s Pro-Rector for Studies, Vladimir Khmelnitsky. “However, in line with the law, we can’t enrol the Russians under the same conditions applied to the Chinese, the Syrians, the Vietnamese and, even, the Ukrainians. This is because the Russians follow the same rules as the Belarusians.” Another option is available; for several years, the BelarusianRussian University and branches of the Russian State Social University and Moscow State University of Economics have successfully operated in Belarus, enrolling students upon their EGE results. Certainly, the university admission process is a mechanism which needs supervision.

Combining studying with work

language barrier or visa regime. Moreover, there is no need to ‘confirm’ Belarusian diplomas. Russians who study full-time at Belarusian universities free of charge are exempt from obligatorily working in Belarus, as local students must; however, many remain keen to find their first job in Belarus. Those Russians graduating from the Belarusian National Technical University are currently constructing a collecting drain, conducting drilling, while those at the Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics are working at the High-Tech Park. However, change comes to even well-established traditions. Testing has substituted the previous common entrance exams: the EGE (Unified State Exam) in Russia and the TsT (Centralised Testing) in Belarus. At first sight, their principles are similar, with no difference in the quality of tasks and the length of testing. However, their results are not seen as equal. Belarus does not accept the Russian EGE and Russia fails to acknowledge our certificates. As a result, problems arise, which remain the focus of debate; a decision is yet to be made. With this in mind, the Russian Ministry of Education and Science annually allocates state scholarships to Belarusian students attending Russian universities. Moreover, Belarusian institutions can select candidates for studying in Russia. Only those with an average grade of seven in their school certificates and high marks in Russian language and the subjects necessary for entrance exams can apply. Additionally, enrollees must send three TsT certificates to admission boards and wait for the results. In turn, Russian schoolchildren who have relatives in Belarus need to settle their entrance issue beforehand: finishing

Universities can exchange students, alongside leading scientists and teachers, while establishing joint virtual scientific laboratories and mixed teams for preparing textbooks. The Belarusian State University alone enjoys official bilateral contacts with 24 Russian universities. “Of course, teachers don’t enjoy equal salaries in our countries, which creates a barrier to co-operation,” notes Vladimir Zdanovich, a member of the Union State Parliamentary Assembly Committee for Social Policy, Science, Culture and Humanitarian Issues. “To attract highly qualified staff to Belarus, we’re elaborating some documents to allow universities to independently fix salaries for invited lecturers, using their own profits.” However, it’s a true challenge for our universities to rival European institutions with centuries of history — such as Oxford or the Sorbonne. “We’re discussing co-operation with universities in the form of clusters — used to unite scientific establishments, universities, industrial enterprises and commercial infrastructure,” explains Mr. Zdanovich. “We’ll be able to join global leaders by uniting our science, education, industry and marketing. Various university associations already operate here but clusters are a new avenue. No concrete steps have been taken yet, as we need to not just technically unite under a single system but to ensure each party is interested in the process.” Already there are many successful examples of such integration — such as the Union State SKIF-GRID programme, dealing with supercomputer development. This is both an academic and university project which unites 14 universities and sci-tech institutions. Additionally, over 40 Russian and Belarusian enterprises, eight academic institutions and four universities participate in the Cosmos-NT programme. Integration is an inevitable process. We should share a common educational space, but quality remains vital. by Mariya Volkova

2011 беларусь.belarus

 Double protection The Belarusian and Russian emergency ministries recently met in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha, headed by ministers Vladimir Vashchenko and Sergei Shoigu

600HP under the bonnet Minsk Automobile Plant recently demonstrated its latest truck, which differs dramatically in its design, capacity and driving comfort

oasting the latest innovative technologies, including a convenient navigation board, automated transmission and a climate control system, it even places the engine in front of the cabin. This raises drivers’ comfort, since there is less noise and vibration. The new MAZ truck uses 80 percent domestically produced components, including a Minsk Motor Plant 600HP Euro-4 engine. Scania, Volvo and Mercedes have similar models but the Belarusian version is their equal in quality while offering a better value for money. It should prove popular with Russian consumers.

u r c ou nt r i e s are to l au n ch automatic information exchange, with Belarus establishing a centre to oversee crisis situations (similar to that existing in Russia). The Russians were able to view Belarus’ latest rescue equipment and machinery, admiring the first pilotless ‘Busel’ aircraft (designed by the Belarusian Nat iona l Ac ademy of S ciences’ Physico-Technical Institute). The Belarusian ministry was eager to learn about Russia’s experience of the Water Rescue Society (OSVOD) inclusion into its Emergency Ministry system.

 Checkpoint ready Recently, another important checkpoint has opened along the Union State border: Geraneny, in Ivye District of Grodno Region

t is aimed at passenger traffic rather than cargo, offering a simplified service on the Belarusian-Lithuanian border, controlled by Lida border squadron. Meanwhile, in line with the 2007-2011 Programme on the Development of the Union State External Border, the international Privalka car checkpoint is being reconstructed and extended (in the Lithuanian direction).

 Diploma of choice Anyone from Russia can study in Mogilev, receiving a higher education diploma in just a few years. Moreover, a French-style diploma is now offered for those studying economic management at the Union State BelarusianRussian University’s FrenchBelarusian Institute of Management

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 Bank for rescue A unique bank of marrow donors is soon to be established via a new Union State programme: Children’s Oncology and Haematology

t present, marrow transplantation is an efficient method of curing cancer and many other fatal diseases, including those which are hereditary. Every year, scientists manage to expand the list of indicators for this treatment but donors remain scarce. The new programme — to be launched next year — should help solve the problem of finding necessary donors (for any number of recipients) within the Union State. Moreover, the programme envisages the development of joint Russian-Belarusian protocols — such as those governing marrow transplantation and educational events.

nitially, only five specialities were offered, each following Russian curriculums; now, their number has risen to seven (five technical and two economy-related). Until this year, the Belarusian-Russian University trained only specialists but, now that Russian higher education has shifted to a two-level system, it is offering Bachelors and Master’s degrees.

ROADSIDE INFRASTRUCTURE

To tourists’ benefit Many football fans will need to transit Belarus when travelling to Polish and Ukrainian stadiums hosting the European Championship in 2012

lready, preparations for the event are in full swing, with the host cities being given an update. Belarus has every intention of making the most of the opportunity ahead. Novaya Guta checkpoint on the Belarusian-Ukrainian border is known as a major transit point, welcoming travellers from the CIS and beyond; numbers swell particularly in summer and it’s sure to be a popular route for football fans. The region is actively preparing for the crowds expected. Although the 2012 European Championship is not being especially overseen by local roadside service development programmes, the local motorway has been improved greatly over the past 18 months. Restaurants, cafés, camp sites and filling and car repair stations are being built. The Head of Gomel District Executive Committee’s Economic Department, Alexey Mokhorev, gives me a short tour of the village of Kalinino, on the way from Gomel to Novaya Guta. “A café was opened here last year by a private investor,” he tells me. Another café is being built in the village, which boasts a convenient location along the Russian-Ukrainian road. Mr. Mokhorev explains that, two years ago, the district began developing its roadside services, with particular attention to interna-

tional motorways. Initially, investment was lacking but, last year, interest picked up. Legislation has been simplified and privileges have been implemented. “We want Novaya Guta to have good quality, multi-purpose sites aimed at tourists, border residents and lorry drivers. Last year, we didn’t receive any proposals; however, this year, two investors have come forward to build recreational facilities on both sides of the road, 100m from the checkpoint,” says the official. One of the investors is Dokhodny Dom, JSC (using Russian capital); early in the year, they studied a Gomel

roadside site near Novaya Guta checkpoint, leading to their $2m investment. The site is currently overgrown with bushes but will soon be cleaned up. Design and estimate documents are being drawn up, with work to start in coming months. “We hope to launch the site in time for the 2012 European Championship,” they assert. Another project is being realised not far away, with a third located on the opposite side of the motorway. Transit tourists are being taken into consideration, being offered good quality facilities even after the sporting event finishes. Checkpoint related plans for the future envisage the expansion of traffic lanes towards Novaya Guta, which is also to be revamped. Major reconstruction is planned — including the expansion of capacity and access for large-sized vehicles, new control methods and the provision of greater comfort. Design and estimate documentation is being developed; by the time of the championship, the checkpoint may even have web cameras, helping drivers track queues at Novaya Guta in real time, via the State Customs Committee website. By Violetta Dralyuk

This is the way Novaya Guta facilities will look

District Executive Committee investment project to set up a multi-purpose

2011 беларусь.belarus

Eternal town, eternal values

Near the Nesvizh church

Nesvizh revives theatre traditions and plans to open every room of UNESCO World Heritage castle

onderfully preserved Nesvizh Castle is rightly considered to be a pearl of Belarusian architecture. All those visiting this majestic and elegant building remember its slim towers, rich facades, gloomy arches, spacious halls and sunny galleries. The ancient trees in the romantic park have their own freshness while green algae sit on the surface of century old ponds, which reflect the Castle as if it were enchanted. Its walls remember many centuries, having witnessed long forgotten glory, battles, sieges and storms. They hold memories of abundant feasts, fabulous balls and charming theatre performances. These disappeared alongside the former Castle owners — the Radziwill dukes who owned Nesvizh for more than 400 years.

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Howe ve r, n ot h i ng h a s t r u ly vanished, as the newly reconstructed Castle is to open all its rooms this year. The courtyard of the Radziwill residence already hosts various festivals, while theatre performances have recently been launched, reviving the earliest days of Belarusian theatre, from two and a half centuries ago, where they first began.

Radziwill treasury

Belarusians say that Nesvizh is like Paris, but I think this can be misleading. The town was not built in the image of the French capital; rather, it continues the architectural traditions of Rome — the Eternal City. Nesvizh’s main place of worship, the Corpus Christi Church, imitates Rome’s Church of Jesus. Erected by the Radziwills at the end of the 16th century, the town boasts

Belta

Revival not only Renaissance buildings but its original layout of streets and squares, as intended by Italian architect Giovanni Maria Bernardoni. Of course, his main work is Nesvizh Castle. Reconstruction of Nesvizh’s Palace and Park Estate — a monument of 16-18th century design and listed by UNESCO World Heritage, is to be finished this year, explains Sergey Drushchits, who is managing the project. The main residence of the Radziwill family is included in the State Investment Programme for 2011. The Castle and its museum will fully open to tourists, although a few areas requiring particular attention (frescos and fireplace reconstruction) may continue through 2012. “We’d like to recreate everything in the highest quality but specialised restoration tasks don’t fit into the general schedule. This architecture monument is unique not only to Belarus but to Europe as a whole, having many original elements from the 16-18th century. Our goal is to preserve them,” stresses Mr. Drushchits. He also notes that Nesvizh Castle now has fully operational heating and lighting, air conditioning and ventilation. The site has been receiving tourists for several years and enjoys great popularity. Already, the former Radziwill library and archive and rooms in the entrance tower are open, while Kamenitsa — the building to the right of the main entrance — opened its doors in July. The Chinese frescos in the dining room and decorations in the white ballroom (with columns made from straw, plastered and painted) are unique. Mr. Drushchits explains that the Radziwills deliberately ordered columns to be made from such materials, to ensure that their weight didn’t overload the vaults of the lower floor. The Castle’s outer dirt walls, with bastions and towers, were originally built to be defensive, able to withstand a long siege. They included numerous rooms for servants and utility warehouses, as well as stables — some soon to open. Kamenitsa is

Revival Last year, the Federal National and Cultural Autonomy Belarusians of Russia (Moscow) created a special group to research the fate of the Radziwill’s Nesvizh collection. It is to locate valuables from the Castle, now scattered worldwide, listing everything removed. Some values will be given to the exhibition from the State Treasury of Belarus, as the Director of the Nesvizh National History and Culture Museum, Sergey Klimov, tells us.

Open air opera

In midsummer, for the second time, Nesvizh Castle hosted the Nights of the National Academic Bolshoi Opera and Ballet Theatre. The project was launched in 2010 and is now a real highlight in the country’s cultural life. Similar festivals are held in many countries across Europe, hosted by ancient castles. “Open air concerts have their own traditions and conventions,” explains Bolshoi Theatre conductor Vyacheslav Volich, who helped initiate the event. “In the mid-1990s, our theatre was touring and saw many interesting and creative open-air celebrations. We took part in the famous festival in Solothurn in Switzerland for five years, and saw numerous modest festivals in Germany and elsewhere in Europe. By experience, we know that it can be difficult to arrange an open air festival in a town. Nesvizh Castle is an ideal location, having a paved courtyard enclosed on four sides, with high walls which reflect sound well. It’s great luck to conduct a concert outside without needing to amplify the sound. Also, the building itself is majestic; the 16-18th century European architecture creates a festive and spectacular atmosphere. It’s the best place for a classical music festival! Moreover, it can accommo-

date several thousand people. Currently, the festival lasts just three days, but I’d love to see it last a whole season — from May until September.” The Radziwill residence launched the first court theatre in Belarus, created in the mid 18th century. Accordingly, it makes an appropriate choice of venue. Franciszka Urszula Radziwill — known for her literary talents — founded this court theatre, which showed Polish plays written by herself and by French playwrights: comedies and tragedies.

Europe returns

The Radziwill theatre was impressive not only in its pomp but in its originality. Main roles were often performed by guests and family members. Today, the repertoire of Nesvizh Castle is being revived by the Kupala Theatre, encompassing drama, opera and ballet. Three plays staged in Nesvizh in the 18th century have been united into one performance, entitled The Abduction of Europe. It aims to return those traditions which brought fame to Nesvizh in Europe several centuries ago. Nikolay Pinigin, the artistic director of the Yanka Kupala National Academic Theatre, tells us, “It boasted great theatre culture. Pani Urszula staged the best of what she’d seen in Dresden and Warsaw at Nesvizh, with some creative alteration.” The Abduction of Europe is currently being shown only on Minsk stages. However, it is set to return to its native walls in time for Nesvizh Castle fully restored. By Viktar Andreev

Aloizas Yunevich

housing an expensive hotel for VIP guests, while the former stables will host ‘regular’ visitors. According to Ivan Krupko, who chairs Nesvizh District Executive Committee, almost Br150bn have been allocated for restoration works at Nesvizh Castle since 2004. However, the authorities face a serious problem, as many treasures from the Castle are currently held by Wawel Castle in Krakow, by the Moscow Armoury Chamber, Hermitage and in private collections. Culture Minister Pavel Latushko has initiated the transfer of paintings and other items to the Castle; these were exported after 1939 and are being stored by the National History Museum and the National Art Museum. In all, forty paintings are to return. Recently, the www.radziwill.by website began a worldwide search for Radziwill possessions going to auction, helped by the Nesvizh National History and Culture Reserve. Interestingly, it is not the first time that Nesvizh Castle treasures, scattered across the globe, have been sought. The Castle has been plundered several times: in 1706 during the Northern War; during the division of the Rzecz Pospolita by Yekaterina II; during the war with Napoleon in 1812; after Western Belarus became part of the USSR in September 1939; and by the Nazis in World War II. In the second half of the 19th century, the wife of Antoni Wilgelm Radziwill, Marie de Castellane, restored the Castle from a s h e s , buy i ng s e ve r a l libraries once belonging to the Radziwill family and returning to Nesvizh some valuables from the Hermitage Museum.

2011 беларусь.belarus

Legacy

Autumn folk traditions Belarusian folklore is based upon the cyclic nature of the seasons and of human life; each period has its own unique face. Winter brings Christmas while spring symbolises the awakening of nature; summer is a time of rich colours and lush growth while autumn has its own mellow pleasures and the joy of harvesting…

“S

ince the dawn of history, Slavs have compared grain harvesting with a battle, such is the amount of physical and mental effort required. This is evident in folk songs and stories,” explains folklorist and ethnographer Yelena Dovnar-Zapolskaya. One harvest song, once popular countrywide, tells us: ‘Yesterday, we had a war and we mastered the whole field’. Ms. Dovnar-Zapolskaya, which harvesting customs were most popular? Harvesting began with the custom of ‘covering the field’. The youngest daughter-in-law of the family, dressed in festive clothes, bound the first sheaf and threw it upward, saying: ‘I’ve covered the field for good harvest. My God, let our wheat be good’. The fertility of the young woman was thought to mirror that of the field.

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Imagine a golden field filled with women wearing white scarves around their heads. Only their eyes would remain visible. Belarusians have always honoured and continue to honour their traditions. Even in the most terrible times, such as during the war, ‘dozhinki’ customs were organised in the partisan zone of Dzerzhinsk District, following the rituals of our ancestors. People sang songs ‘so that the whole field rang’ and appeased the field’s ancient spirit, so that it would remain fruitful. A wonderful woman called Maria Fendyukevich, from the village of Chiki, once told me that she lost her 16 year old son Nikolay in a partisan brigade. Women who had lost loved ones would no longer sing, being ‘enfolded in silence’. However, Maria decided to sing a harvesting song because bread was vital for victory; she sang for that for which her own son had given his young life.

Songs rang out over the fields: verses and melodies combined and significant. Each possessed sacred power, thought to frighten away evil spirits from the fields and the lifegiving bread, imbued with protective magic, like a talisman. The custom of ‘bearding’ was also common, whereby a handful of ears was curled into a circle and left in the empty field. Anything needing to be weeded underneath could not be touched with bare hands and an offering of bread and salt was placed in the middle on a white cloth. People then bowed deeply three times to the field and earth, showing their respect. The ears were

Legacy later plaited into a wreath and decorated with flowers, to be hung in the house’s red corner — under the icons. Once the harvest was complete, sickles were wrapped in grass and straw before being bowed to deeply. The harvesters would then lie on the ground and ask: ‘Field, field, give me back my strength…’ That time of great effort was finally over.

Romantic September

August is considered to be a month of toil while September is a romantic month. In fact, the Belarusian names for the months remain, each connected with the seasons and man’s labour: revival, renewal, flowering and withering. Ms. Dovnar-Zapolskaya, why is modest heather honoured with the name of a month? Belarusians are primarily ‘sober-minded and practical’ people, although we’re especially concerned with home life. However, heather touches our soul with its wonderful tender mauve flowers. Few other flowers or bushes can rival its mention in literature. Meanwhile, the soil beneath the plant (called ‘heather earth’) becomes more acidic, suitable for azaleas, camellias and orchids. Historically, heather was used in Belarus to decorate houses and outbuildings. Even the horns of cows were entwined with heather for Maslenitsa and it was used to decorate special round bread loaves for weddings (known as karavai). September in Belarus is truly a ‘velvet’ season, in which we enjoy festivals. Which of these most spring to mind?

Ivan-Kalinnik is a rather wonderful festival; our ancestors used to cook arrow-wood jelly on this day for good health, believing that it helped rid headaches. Skilful housewives would make jams and marmalade from arrowwood while ‘kalinnik-pies’ were baked in eastern regions. Arrow-wood is often mentioned in Belarusian stories as being used to cure erysipelas, psoriasis and other skin disorders. People have long been aware of its curative benefits, revering it highly and comparing its snow-white blooms with a young bride. On the day of Ivan-Kalinnik, heavy bunches were hung to dry. In fact, the Belarusian colours of red, white and black are combined in arrow-wood. It was perceived as a marginal and border plant, connected with definite stages in human life. Wedding songs and romantic ballads speak of it as a symbol of transition for a young bride, who joins the ranks of married women. In one Belarusian ballad, a young bride having sent ‘her beloved Yaska to war,’ succumbs to her mother-in-law’s anger, being turned into an ‘arrow-wood growing in the meadow’. When the son returns home, his mother suggests that he cut the arrow-wood but his wife’s voice calls out to him, explaining that she is trapped within the plant, alongside his children. Vladimir Mulyavin once recorded the song, sung by a folk choir; it’s kept at the Institute of Arts, Ethnography and Folklore. It encapsulated the spirit of his folk song programme. He was astonished by its beautiful verses and melody.

‘Tsar-serpent’

In autumn, Christians celebrate the Exaltation of the Holy Cross — one of the most significant church holidays. It coincides with the autumnal equinox, so is surrounded by folk customs. Such days in Belarus are called ‘stavrovye’ — from the Greek word ‘stavros’, meaning cross. Those who worked in the fields had already gathered the harvest; grain was in the barns and beetroot, potatoes and carrots were dug,

2011 беларусь.belarus

Legacy while onions were hung to dry (usually in the kitchen) for later use as an antiseptic — naturally killing bacteria. Autumn brought rain and cold and, after the Exaltation, the temperature would fall. The earth was preparing for winter. Beetles and spiders, lizards and snakes were thought to come out from their hiding places on the day of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross to warm themselves in the sun one last time before the first frosts arrived. Snakes have special significance, don’t they? In ancient times, grass snakes were permitted to live in people’s homes, often under the stove. Even today, they’re often called ‘damaviks’ (house spirits in Slavic folklore) in Belarusian Polesie, being seen as protec tors of the home. Housewives would leave milk for them and those which lived in cowsheds suckled from the cows; it was actually thought to make them more productive. Some grass snakes were allowed to eat with the children! In big families, the children usually ate separately from the adults, as described by Yakub Kolas in his ‘New Land’ poem. They might hit the grass snake with a spoon, but it didn’t take offence. Grass snakes would warn of forthcoming trouble, often of fire, leaving the house if they sensed foreboding. Of course, they also ate small rodents, which was certainly useful. In fact, the number of mice was thought

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to determine the prosperity of the home; plenty of mice must mean that the house was full of food! When a family was in true poverty, people would say: ‘even the mice have gone’. It was considered a great sin to kill a grass snake or a stork, thought to incur the wrath of higher forces. On the day of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, people would endeavour to avoid the forest and would prohibit their children from straying far, as it was easy to accidentally step on a grass snake. The first (spring)

and the last (autumn) bites of a snake were thought to be the most dangerous. Gates, cellars and barns were closed up, preventing snakes from skulking in to hibernate for winter. However, according to another legend, those unafraid of going to the woods on such days might meet the ‘Tsar-serpent’. He was large and silver, with golden horns on his head (sometimes called a golden crown) and was thought able to transform into an extremely handsome and courageous young man. Anyone who met him was advised to kneel, spreading a white flax rushnik. He would then toss his crown directly onto the cloth, rewarding the person’s courage and would instil great wisdom and knowledge, easing the person’s path through life. The beneficiary would be able to read others’ thoughts and understand the language of all plants and animals. ‘Be healthy as an orange milk mushroom growing in pine wood’ Autumn is a traditional time for markets; what were these like in bygone days? The day and time of the market were determined in advance, so villagers could plan their journey with their goods. Everything was offered: matured calves, fat ducks, geese and turkeys, pigs, hens and roosters. Heavy heads of white cabbage and ‘serka’ dark cabbages pleased the eyes, as did golden bundles of onions and tight bunches of garlic. The last small cucumbers would be on sale, alongside sweet-scented ‘antonovka’ apple, ‘Slutsk bery’ and pears (with red skin and flesh, they were tenderly called ‘panenki’). Eggs were sold in sets of 60 — known as ‘kapas’ — and vegetables were in abundance. Naturally, forest mushrooms were also popular: salty porcinis,orangecap boletus and tender, sweet orange milk mushrooms (now very rare).

Gift People would say: ‘Be healthy as an orange milk mushroom growing in pine wood’. There were also plenty of cranberries — the most ‘Belarusian’ berry, both useful and delicious. We have the saying: ‘Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched’. Hens, geese and ducks were bred widely and, on October 25th (St. Martin’s Day) geese were slaughtered in all rural households. They are extremely useful birds, being both tasty and nourishing, while having soft feathers and down which can be used in pillows, quilts and mattresses. Even today, young brides are traditionally given a dowry of a pyramid of goose down pillows, which are placed on the bed. The smallest pillow at the top of the pyramid is tenderly called ‘Yasik’ — designed for a new baby. Geese are also connected with water and are associated with the creation of the world in myths and legends. Like all birds, they are perceived as intermediaries between this world and the next, able to bring news ‘from there’. On dying, a person travels the ‘goose road’ or ‘the road of the birds’. Meanwhile, in wedding songs, girls who lead a young bride to her bridegroom are compared to ‘gusachki-galubachki’ (gaggles of geese). In well-known fairy tales, geese and swans’ feathers have magical properties, saving characters from angry witches. When the feathers are thrown, the character can fly home. We respect geese and cherish them but, when the time arrives, roast goose is extremely delicious. Markets also saw a parade of craftwork, with true masters bringing their hand-made items. Everyone knows that markets are not just for shopping, as people love to meet friends, swapping news and having a drink. Exactly. People used to discuss who had married a particular man from a neighbouring village and who had gone to live with the bride’s relatives, who wanted to marry their beloved daughter or son or where to build a strong house. Visitors often gathered in the taverns

and only the most delicious dishes were offered at that time. As far as drinks were concerned, people preferred ratafia liqueurs and spirits to vodka. There were so many varieties, each full-flavoured and, even, good for your health. Birch buds and sap were used as ingredients, alongside currants and cherry buds and leaves, lemon balm and peppermint. Raspberry stems added a deep terracotta colour, like that of cognac, while juniper berries turned the drink into gin. Ashberry ratafia was somewhat bitter but exquisite to the taste; a plant called nosebleed added a blue colour. Some ratafias were prepared exclusively for women. Popular dishes often included the use of white cheeses, slightly salty and served with caraway seeds. You could bake the cheese with eggs and sour cream, although it was good as it was. ‘Vyandlina’ (delicately smoked ham), flavoured sausages, ‘draniki’ potato pancakes, rye pancakes and those made from curdled milk (with spring onions added) were all widely eaten. Paper thin pancakes were also loved, often with cottage cheese. Borshch (red-beet soup) was rich tasting, like red wine, and ‘ushki’ ravioli with mushrooms were also popular. Another well-loved soup was made with stewed cabbage, while thick mushroom ‘poliuka’ soup had milk added — similar to French julienne. Chicken thighs were stuffed and baked until crisp, whole hens were stuffed with onions and salo pork fat before roasted and served with unsweetened red bilberry jam or horse radish, beet-root juice and sour cream. Men would hide money from their wives (often called ‘zakhalyauniya’ — as it was hidden in their boots or cap or under the thick corded ribbon of their hat); they’d then take this to the tavern for a few drinks. However, it was considered obscene to drink too much, so people retained control of themselves. It was a golden rule to respect yourself.

Museum collection replenished Israeli artist Mikhail Grobman donates ten of his works to Belarus’ Modern Fine Arts Museum, with the ceremony hosted by the Belarusian Embassy to Israel

ikhail Grobman noted at the ceremony that many Belarusborn artists successfully work and are well-known in Israel. “Belarus is the homeland for many outstanding Jewish painters, including avantgarde followers,” he said. In turn, the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Belarus to Israel, H.E. Mr. Igor Leshchenya, thanked the artist for the donation and expressed confidence that his works would occupy a worthy place in the Modern Fine Arts Museum’s collection. Mr. Grobman’s initiative is the result of good relations between the Belarusian Embassy and the famous artist. He is one of the founders and leaders of the Second Russian AvantGarde movement. Mr. Grobman’s artworks are exhibited in the Centre Pompidou (Paris), the State Tretyakov Gallery and the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts (Moscow) as well as at the Russian Museum (St. Petersburg).

By Galina Ulanskaya

2011 беларусь.belarus

Paintingnaмe

Water gives life to all things on our planet, as Belarusian artist Vasily Kostyuchenko explores via his own interpretation. Nature’s vital force is the theme of his Sign of Water exhibition at Minsk’s Modern Fine Arts Museum. It’s like a rainstorm on a sunny day: unexpected yet predictable. He inspires us to open our eyes more widely in assessing the nature of this essential substance

Vasily Kostyuchenko’s life philosophy: the many facets of realism 40

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Alexander Ruzhechka

Sign of O water

ur vital water sources are endangered; the Earth’s glaciers are melting, while drinkable water resources are becoming scarcer. However, Belarus is rich in rivers and lakes, with spring water found deep underground. Some states’ wealth is based on oil, natural gas or coal; our treasure is water. Mr. Kostyuchenko highlights this, demonstrating the value of water against heat. Last summer’s hot weather, which brought forest fires and drought, inspired Mr. Kostyuchenko’s series on the theme of water as a life giving force. He stresses that water is vital to our daily lives. His simple title People Who Drink Water perfectly indicates the focus of his work. Subtly, he shows its unpredictability — which parallels that of fate; meanwhile, water flows as life does. Mr. Kostyuchenko sees the spiritual aspect of water. In caring for it, we demonstrate our sense of responsibility to future generations. Of course, the

Paintingnaмe artist uses pictorial means to express his thoughts and we can see that he aims to find a spiritual pivot — in his own self and in those who surround him. He strives to define the essence of human nature, revealing our relationship with the environment. His works are aimed at those who are inclined to ponder the ordinary, seeing deeper meaning; he overcomes material matters, inspiring audiences to shift their consciousness. Of course, perceptions can differ. In depicting such a tangible subject, everyone can have an opinion, encouraging us to dialogue. What does art mean to you? Artists don’t necessarily draw what they see at a given moment, as your exhibition well confirms. How do you evaluate the process of drawing? I believe that artists, poets and writers share a similar spirit, although they differ in how they express themselves. I often ponder why we sometimes have something to convey and sometimes we don’t. Artists are born rather than trained, being inspired to share their ideas. They feel passionately. My ‘Sign of Water’ series shows my own attitude towards life. Nobody gives an artist their theme; rather, you form your own thoughts, which you then express. Art has always existed to some degree. Its diversity is what makes it interesting. I see art as a living organism which can evolve; you sometimes have to expel bad ideas to leave only the good. I believe it’s

important to keep your sense of self; if you work sincerely, conveying your true feelings, a worthy result is forthcoming. Audiences sometimes fail to understand my mission but they usually understand and accept. They love my work. Is participation in exhibitions important for you? Of course, since it allows communication. Your works are not realistic, although you are capable of reflecting reality. Why have you shifted from realism in your works, finding new forms to express yourself? What is realism? It’s when I’m walking down the street or in the forest

— when I can feel and smell my environment, giving an emotional response. If we photograph the forest, we see an exact depiction but also experience our associative feelings; every person’s response will be a little different. It’s impossible simply to reproduce nature, as every ‘copy’ involves some personal interpretation. Of course, different images inspire different responses. Happiness is an intangible thing, although it can be encapsulated in a painting. How can we explore personal relationships? People may be painted sitting close to one another, looking happy, but my depiction shows them as separate beings as much as being united. I’ve approached the topic of water realistically but, truly, how can we decide what is ‘real’ — in the sense of being genuine — and what is not? What is your grand theme and mission? I want to explore my personal responses. We may be sitting chatting but if a car passes and my brush falls, a new moment of time is created. I want to depict each moment; themes are secondary in importance. What is vital is that each painting should inspire reflection. My ‘Sign of Water’ series is so important to me. I hope you can understand.

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Paintingnaмe

Do you think that works must be beautiful? Not necessarily. A man once told me that my works were beautiful, but I consider them to be far from perfect. What do we mean by beauty? For me, it refers to harmony of colour, when there is no need to change anything and where the depiction seems natural. However, I also want people to understand my ideas. There’s great skill in composition and rhythm, although it is not all. Many artists remain unknown, being unable to work independently. Everyone struggles in their own way. You’ve taken part in many exhibitions, touring abroad. Has this experience been useful? I think we are only interesting when we are original. What are your artistic plans? Do you think you’ve already achieved

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artistic heights, with no more need to invent something new? In my opinion, it’s bad to view yourself as a master. Repeating what’s already known to you is a waste of time, since you must ever endeavour to improve yourself. Struggle is vital; you should never become indifferent. You might follow a certain path, developing exclusively within it, but there is no limit to perfection and no end to your work. I still hope to express myself more clearly in my works. What does inspire you? Are your works based on life in Belarus and its national features? Or are you an ‘international’ artist? Of course, I draw on global art. However, I’m most inspired by Belarus, where I live, communicate and experience life. Accordingly, my themes are born here — even when they are more global (like ‘Sign of Water’). Speaking of today’s

20 year old students, I’m very much afraid that a generational gap is evident. Are you worried about the preservation of traditions? Of course. Traditions can help the young, so they must be preserved. Vasily Kostyuchenko is an artist with his own perception of the world and his own artistic philosophy. His Sign of Water series perfectly characterises his passion for life. Reality takes many forms in his works. Each picture is a fragment within the series, which focuses on global harmony. He also accepts the world as a whole, rather than as a ‘frozen’ moment and is keen to reveal his own responses, which guide his artistic position. By Victor Mikhailov

Brands in art

A stroke of bright color on tourist canvas

Many Vitebsk streets and buildings remember Marc Chagall

elarus’ National History Museum keeps documents which are even more significant than the artist’s pictures — discovered by Lyudmila Khmelnitskaya, the Director of Vitebsk’s Marc Chagall Museum, in the late 20th century. These relate to the house where the great artist lived. Using archive materials, Ms. Khmelnitskaya discovered the location of his home — a small brick building in Pokrovskaya Street, which miraculously survived. “The restoration of the house and compiling of its museum exhibition began in 1997; this year, we’re celebrating Marc Chagall Museum’s 20th anniversary. Some time ago, it occupied different premises and nobody knew that the hearth of the wonderful, globally acknowledged painter had survived.” How did you manage to find this house? Archive documents state that Hatskel and Feiga-Ita Chagall owned ‘a stone one storey house, with a small shop, in addition to a wooden house, two courtyard buildings and a wooden barn’ in Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street. These stone and wooden houses were restored in 1997, with the first digs in the yard of the wooden house conducted in summer 1998 — under the guidance of

candidate of historical sciences Tatiana Bubenko. A fragment of the inner yard’s paving was unearthed; it’s been cleaned and is now open to visitors. There is no doubt, Marc Chagall walked on

these stones! In Pokrovskaya Street, the Chagalls settled down in the old house, where articles typical of the 18th century have been found in the yard; fragments of painted ceramic ware, clay pipes, ceramic candlesticks, spray-down and painted tiles, and concave bottomed glass bottles. 19th century articles have also been unearthed: several copper coins, fragments of glass bottles and window glass, and a metal spoon with letters from the Jewish alphabet. As Chagall writes in his ‘My Life’, his father — after Marc’s birth and the death of his grandfather — bought a house in Pokrovskaya Street ‘for several roubles’.

Further stages in the Chagalls’ estate development can be tracked from documents held by Minsk’s National Historical Archives of Belarus. I’ve studied materials from Vitebsk city authorities, finding a document which states that, in September 1900, Chagall’s parents applied for permission to ‘build a one storey stone house, with a cellar’. Archaeological digs have discovered fragments of china, Dutch ware (plates, cups and saucers) and ceramic ware, as well as a small marble figurine of a cat. Happily, no multi-storey buildings were built in Pokrovskaya Street in the 20th century. However, the site’s original outlook is spoilt by industrial warehouses, surrounded by a concrete fence, opposite the museum. Pleasingly, these constructions have no solid foundation and, at any time, could be easily dismantled without huge cost. In the early 1990s, Pokrovskaya Street lacked the status of being a protected site; the initial plan of Vitebsk’s development envisaged the construction of a bypass to ease transport flow in the centre, passing through Chagall’s’ house. At present, there are plans to reconstruct the former look of Pokrovskaya Street. What place does the artist’s work occupy for tourists?

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Brands in art Marc Chagall Museum in Vitebsk is included on tourist maps now, visited by over 20,000 tourists every year. In his ‘To My City of Vitebsk’ address, Marc Chagall wrote: ‘If I have really achieved something in art, then I have benefited you in this’. People from abroad travel here, just to see the artist’s native places. We offer a weekly excursion programme for foreign tourists, who spend a night in Vitebsk — visiting Marc Chagall Art Centre in the evening and his House-Museum in Pokrovskaya Street in the morning. Afterwards, they travel to Polotsk — the second of Belarus’ two cities which are true historical landmarks. Apart from museums, what other places are connected with Marc Chagall in Vitebsk? The city plans to set up a ‘Chagall route’, which has huge potential. The City College building remained, where Chagall and Osip Tsadkin studied. It now houses an evening school but should be interesting to tourists. Vitebsk People’s Art College — set up by Chagall in 1918 — also still stands, now owned by the Modern Arts Centre. Previously, Marc Chagall, Kazimir Malevich, Vera Yermolaeva and El Lisitsky worked there. In addition, the grave of Chagall’s teacher, Yudel Pen, is found in Starosemenovskoe cemetery. Other places are connected with the artist’s first wife, Bella Rosenfeld. Among them is a building in Tolstoy Street, where the top class Brozi Hotel was once situated, boasting a bowling alley and French and Russian cuisine restaurants. Part of the building was occupied by a jeweller’s shop, run by Bella’s parents. The building plan has survived, so it can be easily restored. How did Vitebsk look in Chagall’s times? European authors who wrote about Chagall knew of Paris and Berlin in the 1920s and New York in the 1940s, where Marc Chagall lived. However, they

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did not know of the late 19th-early 20th century Vitebsk, where the artist was born and spent his childhood. In their view, the city was a remote province, with dirty wooden pavements. In reality, the Vitebsk of those times was a large city, with its own culture and well developed industry. Its architectural magnificence is well confirmed by its Baroque style churches. Meanwhile, one look at posters which once advertised operatic singers’ performances in the city shows the level of cultural entertainment which existed; over 30 operas were performed in a single month in Vitebsk. The city was situated at the crossroads of railways, so visitors often came: from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Warsaw, Riga and Kiev. Some only stayed overnight. Spanish violinist Pablo de Sarasate gave a concert at least once a year. What role did Marc Chagall play in the history of Vitebsk? We must recall the artist’s biography. He was born on July 7th, 1887, during a great fire in Vitebsk. A third of the city was burnt to ashes. His parents ran a small grocery shop, selling vatted herring, cut sugar, flour, candles and oats. Marc began drawing while attending Vitebsk City College of Craftsmen and, in 1906, entered the Arts School. He moved to St. Petersburg a few months later, to join the Imperial Society of Art Supporters, headed by Nikolai Roerich. In May 1911, Chagall went to Paris and, in June 1914, his first personal exhibition opened in Berlin. He returned to Vitebsk as a wellestablished artist but, in September 1915, left his native city for Petrograd. Some time later, he again returned to Vitebsk,

acting as the Commissar of Arts for Vitebsk Province. On January 28th, 1919, he initiated the launch of Vitebsk People’s Art College but, in June 1920, moved to Moscow. Two years later, he settled in Berlin and then went to Paris — which became his final home. Why does Marc Chagall Museum lack original works by the painter? The museum was set up in 1991, failing to rival large galleries which keep Chagall’s works. These are very expensive, so their purchase would entail huge costs for our museum and the state. Our staff concentrate on studying Chagall’s life in Vitebsk. Our work has resulted in us knowing far more about his Vitebsk years than we did two decades ago. Anyone interested in the artist’s homeland and this period of creativity knows that all necessary information is available at his Vitebsk museum. We’ve established good relations with Marc’s granddaughters: Meyer and Meret Meyer Graber. They often ask us about the history of their family and their famous grandfather’s life, while donating precious exhibits. They first visited Vitebsk in 1997 and have come quite often since then. Importantly, his heirs have played a significant role in promoting our museum worldwide. Taking into account the fact that no authentic works by Chagall exist in Belarus, our 300 graphical paintings are of huge value. The Marc Chagall Art Centre is the only place in Belarus showcasing the artist’s works.

Brands in art Do you follow auctions selling Chagall’s pictures? We regularly receive auction catalogues from Europe, learning which pictures are being sold and for how much. Marc Chagall Committee in Paris more seriously oversees the movement of his works. It is run by Chagall’s heirs, w h o are

over to t he G e orges Pompidou Contemporary Arts Centre. Does the name of Chagall help promote Belarus worldwide, in your opinion? Marc Chagall is one of the most popular 20th century artists. It seems to me that his name successfully repre-

sents Belarus, and especially Vitebsk. It has done so for a long time; Chagall is a brand name. The city of Vitebsk is depicted with photographic accuracy in his paintings. On seeing Chagall’s otherworldly drawings of Vitebsk houses, tourists are usually delighted to then view them in reality. By Viktar Korbut

extremely interested in the purchase and sale of his paintings. Sadly, every year, a growing number of fakes are registered. Authentic Chagall works are found worldwide, on every continent except the Antarctic! Many are held by private Russian collectors, while Paris keeps the largest collection. According to French law, after the artist’s death, his heirs had to pay duties on his assets. Instead, they chose to give some of his works. Accordingly, in 1988, a large collection of Chagall’s pictorial and graphical pictures was handed

‘If I have really achieved something in art, then I have benefited you in this’ (from Marc Chagall’s ‘To My City of Vitebsk’ address)

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Fest

adies, lifting the hems of their wonderful dresses, promenaded the streets, accompanied by noble knights. A settlement with a fortress, tents and a tilt-yard appeared on Zamkovaya Hill, where the town originated in the 10th-11th century. Anyone unaware of the Knights’ Fest-2011 being held in one of Belarus’ most beautiful and ancient towns would be greatly astonished; even those coming to Mstislavl to deliberately view the festivities were surprised. The event brought together knights of the Temple and Tevton orders, alongside archers; over 400 knights from Belarus and Russia gathered, alongside members of historical re-enactment clubs and historical researchers of ancient Mstislavl. They began the day with a prayer service at the

Local residents are proud that their central square is graced with a monument to book printer Piotr Mstislavets, rather than to a popular political leader from times past.” The parade saw costumed actors playing Piotr Mstislavets, Duke Rostislav Mstislavich (who founded the town), Duchess Anastasia Slutskaya and Stepan Polubes (both born in Mstislavl area, with the latter making a breakthrough in making ovens in the 17th century, by tiling their facades). They were followed by knights and ladies adorned in long dresses, bright frock coats, armour and linen smock shirts and trousers. AndreyNelyubin—oneoftheenduring organisers of the event and head of the Mogilevskaya Druzhina Club — was easily distinguishable in this colourful crowd,

Town of six hills Spirit of past evoked in Mstislavl, steeped in legends and fairy-tales Carmelite Roman Catholic Church and Alexander Nevsky’s Cathedral, remembering Mstislavl warriors who died for their Fatherland on July 15th, 1410, at the Battle of Grunewald. The local history and archaeology museum displays their helmets, as found in the Vikhra River by local boys in the last century. Doctor of History Igor Marzalyuk, who heads Mogilev University’s Chair for Archaeology and Special Historical Disciplines, tells us, “I admire Mstislavl, which is built on six hills, as it retains so many ancient sites in their original state, unlike any other region in the east of Belarus. Mstislavl District boasts many prominent names.

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being dressed in dark blue robes trimmed in gold and a fur hat, carrying a scroll in his hands. Like his fellow club members, he was keen to reconstruct the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, re-creating costumes (and armour) from historical documents. The youngest member of his club—Zvenislava(orAnechka)—isjustsix. Rechitsa’s Terra Club — Belarus’ oldest historical and military club — promenaded in luxurious outfits, helmets and sparkling armour, joined by young boys and girls from Vitebsk’s Naglfar Club. However, when knights from Smolensk District appeared, spectators completely forgot their kvass and shashlyk. The strong grey haired men in splendid armour, with swords and shields and fur boots looked so authentic — as if they’d stepped straight out of the past. However, more surprises were in store, including one of the knights being called out to fight by a lady. Several years ago, Galina joined the Varta Sports Association, headed by knights Vladimir and Gennady from Dorogobuzh District’s Ozerishche (Smolensk Region). She helps sew costumes and studies the traditions and techniques of knightly tournaments, so she knows how to wield a sword, a spear, an axe and battle flail. Of course, a sword can weight up to 2kg, while a shield weighs a significant 5kg; an entire armoured outfit weighs around 20kg. However, these were minor problems for our guests from Smolensk, who say that their interest in antiquity helps them ‘escape’ the routines of everyday life. The Handicrafts’ Town ensured that guests left with souvenirs of the wonderful day. Many left hoping to return one day to the ancient streets, perhaps viewing the sun rise over Zamkovaya Hill. Of course, ancient Mstislavl — called ‘small Vilnius’ or ‘Belarusian Suzdal’ — is beautiful at any time, not just on holidays. By Olga Kudesnikova

Musicpersonality

Major notes in the score of life

Who among Belarusian fans of classical music doesn’t know Alexander Anisimov, Chief Conductor of the State Academic Symphony Orchestra of Belarus? He was recently awarded the honorary title of People’s Artiste of Belarus and no one doubts his extreme professionalism

is concerts inspire great emotions and Mr. Anisimov is ever striving for new challenges, bringing long forgotten music to the world and discovering new opera performers and musicians. Constantly improving himself, he continues to be interesting. I associate his name with optimism, benevolence and great elegance — from the way he bows to the first violin on entering the stage and greets the musicians and audience in the hall, to the stroke of his conductor’s baton and his final bow. His sense of

style is echoed by his orchestra, which behaves as a living organism. Anyone lucky enough to attend one of Mr. Anisimov’s concerts can’t but admire the delicacy of the female musicians and the dignity of the men — noble in their evening suits. Even during accidental meetings, his positivity comes to the fore. He is well-loved and admired by fans of classical music and those who’ve only met him once. His style is characterised by wonderful simplicity: the ‘permanent companion’ of anyone decent, intelligent and cultured. Mr. Anisimov also has some purity and freshness — a healthy energy.

What does the honorary title of People’s Artiste mean to you? I’m g l a d to have j oi ne d t he community of People’s Artistes of Belarus, which unites respectable people countrywide. My friends are among these people, as are those who were once my pupils. Now, I’ve caught up with them. You became Chief Conductor when you were rather young? Yes. Just five years after graduating from the Conservatoire, I was appointed Chief Conductor of the National Academic Bolshoi Opera and Ballet Theatre. I’ve never forgotten a rather amusing event from that time. After I’d

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Musicpersonality been there a couple of years, People’s Artiste of the USSR Irina Arkhipova organised a competition in honour of M. Glinka. Irina headed Moscow Musical Society at that time. The jury members were listed, each crowned as Honoured Artistes of the USSR and of various republics; there were laureates of various high awards. I was named as a People’s Artiste of Belarus and Professor and asked Ms. Arkhipova where she’d found such information — since I had no titles and was only an ordinary teacher at the Conservatoire. She was astonished, asking how I could be chosen to head the orchestra without having such awards. I smiled but didn’t argue. So, the assigning of my title by this great goddess of arts — a ‘benchmark’ of opera — happened thirty years ago! What was the reaction of your orchestra to the recent news? Many came to the Philharmonic Society with flowers, although it was the beginning of the vacation. Musicians were calling to congratulate me, saying: ‘It’s very important for us that our conductor, whom we respect, love and appreciate, has been acknowledged by the state’. They also added that People’s Artiste of Belarus sounds beautiful. Is it easy to be a chief conductor, leading and guiding musicians? You have to be born a leader, as this path is far from easy — despite how it may seem at first sight. Although leadership is a vocation, much depends on your attitude towards your profession. If you become involved in something which doesn’t really interest you, everything is problematic. However, if your work is your passion, even solving problems brings great pleasure. Naturally, you need talent, instinct and some qualities which can’t be analysed. Leadership skills have nothing to do with age, titles or, even, experience. Were things different for you in the past? I don’t think so, although experience is useful. I joined the band as a young man, surrounded by People’s

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Artistes and Honoured Figures of Arts — some had been working for forty years. I managed to conduct them for quite a long time; I may be the longest serving chief conductor. How have you managed this? Creative people seem to be prone to depression when there’s nothing new for them to do… How do you fight such feelings? Fortunately, I haven’t experienced too many catastrophes, although

you ever felt an air of mysticism or something unexplained? Not really. I’m always puzzled when people say that someone or something guides them. What else, if not professionalism, can guide you? If I miss something during a rehearsal, forget something or become distracted during a concert, it’s my own fault; you need to remain professional. Of course, inspiration exists, but it comes with preparation, which brings power and

You have to be born a leader, as this path is far from easy – despite how it may seem at first sight. Although leadership is a vocation, much depends on your attitude towards your profession. If you become involved in something which doesn’t really interest you, everything is problematic disappointments do occur. There are always some problems in life but I’ve managed to solve these or believe that I’ve solved them. There must be something in my character which helps me. We call this optimism. I’m a positive person, who likes people very much; I believe people are better than generally thought. I don’t wear ‘rose tinted glasses’ or I’d never manage to conduct such a big orchestra. I have to make tough decisions sometimes. However, I’ve inherited good qualities from my parents — faith, determination, optimism and, finally, health. If you’re prone to illness, you tend to view life in a negative light. Like everyone, I face disasters and have lost loved ones but I’m a baptised believer. I’m not strictly Orthodox and don’t feel the presence of God or the Church directly helps me (to say otherwise would be insincere) but people say that I’m protected by a guardian angel. Maybe, this is really so. Whe n you’ve bee n on stage, conduc ting the orchestra, have

confidence, then joy. At this moment, inspiration appears. For me, being on stage brings a feeling of belonging to group creativity — making waves of sound; this is pure joy. Many things can bring you joy — from seeing your children or coming home to seeing old friends or enjoying a range of delicious food. All these joys bring me great pleasure in life. Besides your award, which other recent events have multiplied this pleasure? I’d say seeing my children and grandchildren — as I don’t have many opportunities to be with them. They’re independent now, with their own businesses, troubles and obligations, so we don’t spend as much time together. Any meeting with them is a great joy. I was recently in Moscow Region, where my younger daughter lives. Four months ago, she gave birth to her daughter and I was keen to see her. My grandson is already two years old. I spent two fantastic days with the babies, my daughter and her husband. My elder

Musicpersonality

while following his concert successes. I’ve no doubt t h at h e’d f i n d things easier here, as he’d have my support. I never conceal my feelings that parents should assist their

children, especially in an artistic family. It’s normal. Maybe I shouldn’t so insistently ask him to return, trying his hand at conducting, but it’s my dream. Of course, he wants to take credit for his own achievements. He’s currently undertaking postgraduate studies; following my example, he realises that ‘intellectual luggage’ is important. Many musicians’ children are doing well abroad. The same has ever been true in Russia. These children often return home eventually, understanding that the y’re

Alexander Ruzhechka

daughter, who lives in Moscow with her son, also arrived. It was wonderful fun. Do your daughters also love music? My elder daughter graduated from our Conservatoire’s Choir Department. My younger daughter graduated f rom Minsk’s St ate C hore og raphic College, gaining her first job at our Op era and B a l let Theatre. She then left for Moscow to be an actress, but is now raising her children, tr ying her hand at journalism. These are her curious professional zigzags. My son is a musician and can’t leave Paris: he’s almost ‘infected’ by this amazing city. He’s a talented young man. I’ve tried to persuade him to come home for the past few years,

needed and that their labour will be worthily recognised. Has an orchestra ever rejected a conductor? Such situations do happen, especially with ‘naughty’ orchestras — I think those from France and Italy are the most ‘naughty’. The musicians might go to the directorate during the first rehearsal and say: ‘We won’t work with this conductor’. They know that a contract has been signed and that scandal may ensue, as the media will take hold of the story — to the detriment of the orchestra — but the directorate agrees. The re as ons are various. Sometimes, there are a few bad eggs in the group, who encourage their colleagues to reject the conductor simply for sport; a calm work environment bores them. Sometimes, conductors may react to something they dislike. My personal hate is when people don’t sit up straight. However, I bite my tongue when I’m with someone else’s orchestra — as you don’t know what rules they may follow. It can just be a musician’s way of being comfortable. Some conductors can’t ignore such cases and kick up a fuss. The orchestra doesn’t like it, so the conductor has to leave. There have been a few instances of this happening. Once, in France, there was a wonderful conductor with whom a five year contract had been signed. All was fine for the first year. Then, suddenly, the new director decided he didn’t like him and released him from his contract, paying him compensation for the remaining four years — a huge sum. Conflicts happen. Do your own musicians ever lounge about in their chairs? Not that I see (smiles). Ho w w o u l d y o u a s s e s s l a s t season? Each year, I seem to say how significant and intense the previous season

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Musicpersonality was. I’ve been saying it for a decade now (smiles). I’m very glad that I can say this. Fortunately, I’ve never needed to say that the season has been awful, with half-empty halls! We’ve never had a situation where we’ve had no new pieces or foreign tours or works by Belarusian composers. Also, I’ve never been admonished.

opened with Mahler’s Symphony No. 2, inviting a choir from Kaunas. It’s a difficult piece which you don’t hear often. The latest laureate of the International Tc h a i k o v s k y Competition — Ivan Karizna — debuted on the opening night; it was our gift to the first audience of the new season. Our audiences are fully aware of the originality of our discoveries.

I’m always puzzled when people say that someone or something guides them. What else, if not professionalism, can guide you? If I miss something during a rehearsal, forget something or become distracted during a concert, it ’s my own fault; you need to remain professional Thank God, I can’t say any of these things; I’m very proud of this and that works by Belarusian composers are so well received by the public. We’ve performed some wonderful music, which touches people’s hearts, gathering full-houses, while focusing on technical mastery and skill. It’s fantastic when listeners view a new layer of B elarusian culture with surprise and admiration. Audiences are astonished at finding this music so enthralling. We were welcomed with delight when playing with Mogilev’s Philharmonic S ociety, featuring music by Belarusian composers at the beginning of the last season. We presented some music performed for the first time, alongside scores rarely heard in Belarus. What do you expect from the current season? We have new scores planned. I truly believe the season will be unique. We

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You liaise with many artistic bands. Why are they interesting to you? Each band is interesting in its own way. Yes, I’ve made joint programmes many t imes w it h our C hamb er Orchestra — performing Mozart’s ‘Requiem’. They also invite me. I work with a boys’ choir from the Musical College and at school #10 (named after Yevgeny Glebov). We’ve worked with ‘New Jerusalem’ band and with a good jazz band called ‘Apple Tea’. I meet new, interesting bands and foreign symphony groups when I have time and when I’m free from my obligations to my orchestra. I also work with opera theatres, which I thoroughly enjoy; I bring Belarusian performing art abroad. When I was given the title of People’s Artiste of Belarus, I received congratulations from so many sources. The Belarusian Ambassador to Lithuania, Vladimir Drazhin, told me: ‘You

deserve this highest award for your many years of talented work for the sake of the Republic of Belarus and for your work in promoting and strengthening our spiritual treasures and artistic-moral traditions, presenting our art abroad’. I believe that foreign contacts are important and useful. As an artiste, I need to be fed by new impressions from other acoustic halls. Each orchestra boasts its own prominent performers and soloists; these include violinists, horn players and oboists. Their experience passes through me and is then brought to life via my own orchestra. Which countries have you visited recently and what impressed you? At present, my contacts with Russia are most active. Previously, I lacked time and, frankly, the proposals were rather modest. Now, this country can rival any foreign state in its economic and financial opportunities — maybe even outstripping them. I’ve been delighted by an invitation from Ufa to stage a new version of ‘Prince Igor’, accompanied by such outstanding people as director Georgy Isaakyan and artist Ernst Geidebrecht, who is well known as a former artist of our Opera Theatre. It’s a great honour for me. I’m always pleased to recollect my visit to the international festival in French Reims. I was attending for the first time, although I know France rather well. Reims boasts a wonderful audience. I also had a superb concert in Polish Łódź, alongside a fabulous p e r f o r m a n c e at t h e B r at i s l av a Philharmonic. The programmes differed widely, including Russian and foreign scores. I’ve worked with western repertoires: Wagner, Brahms, Mozart and Beethoven. Interesting plans lie ahead for my orchestra and for me personally. Have you been invited to conduct our Bolshoi Theatre? The current leadership of the theatre regularly takes interest in my creativity and invites me to conduct various performances. Two dates have

Musicpersonality already been set for the new season: on November 30th, I’ll be conducting ‘Carmina Burana’ and ‘Carmen’; and in early December, will conduct ‘Rigoletto’. Co-operation between orchestras is important, as is the exchange of musicians; it’s normal to have a few teething problems of course. We recently performed ‘Iolanthe’, with Irina Krikunova, a Russian prima, joined by our opera artists. It was an official project — marking a holiday for our two groups. How do you see the future of your orchestra? It’s difficult to speak of progress, since there is a financial and organisational side; our major task is to sustain our current high level for as long as possible. We must constantly rehearse and struggle, fighting not against someone, but for something… Our instruments need to be kept in peak condition and we have to adjust our acoustics, since they’re not the best in the world. We don’t have a permanent concert hall in which to perform classical music yet, but nor do our colleagues in Russia, Lithuania or Ukraine. It would be wonderful for Belarus to have a hall similar to that used by the Berlin Philharmonic and the Konzerthaus in Vienna. Symphony music is important in its own right.

a classical concert in the evening, before the holiday salute. You can’t even imagine how proud I was to be asked. It was a great success, with an audience of 15,000 in the open air near Minsk’s Hero City Monument. It was pouring with rain the whole day but it stopped just as the concert was due to begin. I was in a taxi and was expressing my horror at the weather when the driver told me: ‘Calm down! The rain will stop ten minutes before the concert’. This is exactly what happened. I was surprised at how he knew! Maybe your angel calmed you down through the driver… Maybe (laughs). Are you satisfied with all aspects of your orchestra? Life is such that each profession has its time span. Ballet d anc e rs c an on ly work for a ver y short period, then they must retire, which they feel deeply. I know this f rom my wife. They retire while

For me, being on stage brings a feeling of belonging to group creativity – making waves of sound; this is pure joy. Many things can bring you joy from seeing your children or coming home to seeing old friends or enjoying a range of delicious food. All these joys bring me great pleasure in life Our work is rather expensive, but it’s necessary not just as spiritual sustenance but for our image. I’m delighted that state figures understand this. On the eve of May 9th, I was invited to perform

still being rather active, so need an application for their energy, becoming choreographers or heads of studios. Military men, especially pilots, also have a definite ‘working period’.

Musicians are no exception and it’s difficult for them to part with their much loved occupation. Part of my role as leader involves me assessing musicians and deciding when their skills are waning. Of course, there are some ‘elders’ in the orchestra, with whom I’ll never part; they are the pride of our orchestra. Even if they played at half of their ability, compared with a decade ago, this would be better than that of several younger musicians. Of course, there are some with whom I must part, as it’s vital to be able to invite ne w you ng t a l e nt i nto the orchestra. We need to accommodate them, so that they don’t go abroad, where everything is not as sweet as they might think. Every young musician currently with us deserves to be a member of the State Academic Symphony Orchestra of Belarus. Do these ‘elders’ help approve the youngsters? Yes. I always listen to their opinions. We use various methods to strengthen morale in our orchestra. Do musicians always sit in the same place during concerts or rehearsals? In line with labour legislation, there are no fixed places assigned by contract, although we do have wage tariffs covering each person, by rank. If I think the balance of sound seems incorrect, I may seat an ‘elder’ further back and bring closer a younger musician. I can also ask ‘elders’ to play the minor parts and the novices to take solos. Which of our Belarusian opera performers and musicians deserve world fame? Those who deser ved fame in their homeland are worthy of world acclaim; there are dozens of musicians and performers, some of whom play or sing with our orchestra, whom I’d place in this category. Take a playbill and you’ll see their names. By Valentina Zhdanovich

2011 беларусь.belarus

TheatrePremiers

Season of discoveries The new theatrical season has been launched in the capital, bringing theatre goers a whole palette of feelings, without which we can’t imagine theatre life, full of bright impressions and revelations. Alongside a selection of premieres, Minsk is to host an awards ceremony for the new National Theatre Award, in addition to the Panorama International Theatre Festival

he National Academic Bolshoi Opera and Ballet Theatre has begun its new, 79th, theatre season with its Aida premiere. A powerful schedule is ahead, involving seven premieres, several unexpected innovations and some foreign tours. Like a huge ocean cruiser, the theatre has selected its own course, with no fear of storms. On September 9th and 12th, the theatre hosted its premiere of Gioachino Rossini’s Barber of Seville, staged by chief director Mikhail Pandzhavidze. Famous Italian maestro Gianluca Marcianò conducted and stage managed the performance. He is also the musical leader and chief conductor of Tbilisi’s Paliashvili State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre. Sergey Dyagilev’s Russian Seasons’ Scheherazade and Tamar ballets, staged by People’s Artist of Russia Andris Liepa, are next in line, while the Italian opera Lucia di Lammermoor is to be premiered in December. Early 2012 will see Adolphe Adam’s Giselle ballet premiered, staged by Nikita Dolgushin, People’s Artist of the USSR; he distinguished himself with his staging of romantic La Sylphide last season. People’s Artist of the USSR Vladimir Vasiliev offers his interpretation

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of Valery Gavrilin’s Anyuta and a new version of Giacomo Puccini’s Turandot opera will grace the stage, directed by the great Mikhail Pandzhavidze. Eternal favourite Eugene Onegin is also being given a new interpretation. From December 17th-22nd, Minsk’s International Christmas Opera Forum is being organised, with Nesvizh hosting its Nights of the Bolshoi Theatre at Radziwill Castle — a new tradition. The theatre company is also to tour Lithuania, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Germany, Switzerland and Egypt. The 80th theatre season will involve major work on two national projects: Dmitry Smolsky’s Grey Legend, staged by Mikhail Pandzhavidze, and Vyacheslav Kuznetsov’s Duke Vitovt, staged by Yuri Troyan. The Yanka Kupala Theatre is also guided by national

During a rehearsal of “The Barber of Seville” opera

and classical materials in its new season. Artistic Leader Nikolay Pinigin is preparing his Night before Christmas premiere, based on Nikolai Gogol’s Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka. Stage director Alexander Gartsuev has used Ivan Melezh’s works for his version of People of the Marshes. From September 1st-8th, the Belarusian State Puppet Theatre hosted a festival of Polish puppet performances, called Puppets are Human Too, and animated films for adults from the Se-ma-for and Serafiński studios. The Other Room and Toporland, by the Unia Teatr Niemożliwy (Impossible Theatre Union) Association, were also presented. Acquaintance with Polish traditions should inspire the further development of Minsk’s Puppet Theatre. After staging The Wedding, based on Witold Gombrowicz’s existent i a l work, premieres of Magic Gifts and Path to the Sky are scheduled. The Alfa Concert Agency is premiering Leading Ladies this season, based on American playwright Ken

Belta

TheatrePremiers

"Aida" is a spectacular performance

Ludwig’s work. The play has proven a success at Moscow’s Art Theatre but Mr. Ludwig is a new author for Minsk. The eccentric story takes place in the 1950s America, echoing Shakespeare in its theme of tortured love. Two unemployed English actors come to America in search of their fortune, dressing as women to pretend to be heiresses of a rich aunt. Prominent Russian director Yuri Pakhomov, well known for his brilliant works with the Yakub Kolas Theatre in Vitebsk, is staging the performance. Leading Ladies features actors admired for their performances in Valentina Yerenkova’s Ladies’ Night: Sergey Chekeres, Ruslan Chernetsky, Alena Kozyreva, Andrey Krivetsky, Mikhail Yesman, Konstantin Voronov and Vasily Kozlov. In fact, a new and independent theatre company could soon be born, since these actors clearly have a unique bond, delivering comedic material with perfect sincerity. They represent all that acting should be about. Konstantin Voronov, who recently left the Republican Theatre of Belarusian

Drama, manages to forge a wonderful bond with the audience, while maintaining true professionalism. The Belarusian Army Drama Theatre is to premiere Vladimir Sollogub’s Tender Heart’s Trouble — a vaudeville, alongside Alexey Dudarev’s The Princess and the Soldier, based on Hans Christian Andersen’s story. The theatre has recently gained a great reputation and could soon enter a whole new level. The popular Belarusian State Academic Musical Theatre is giving us the ever-loved Twelve Chairs ballet, based on the eternal novel by Ilf and Petrov, accompanied by Gennady Gladkov’s score. Husband and wife team Dmitry Yakubovich and Anastasia Grinenko will be staging the performance. Undoubtedly, the International Panorama Theatre Festival, whose programme is soon to be announced, will be making its contribution. Twelve performances — eight by Minsk theatres and four by regional theatres — are competing for the new National Theatre Award. The results are sure to be

a surprise. Nominees include Nabucco, by the National Academic Bolshoi Opera and Ballet Theatre, Not Mine by the Yanka Kupala National Academic Theatre, Ronald Harwood’s Quartet drama by the Yakub Kolas Theatre, Esfir by the Russian Theatre and #13 by the Theatre-Studio of Film Actors. The final stage of the National Theatre Award is to be hosted by Minsk, from October 4th-10th. Of course, regardless of its results, our theatres will continue to search for new ways to delight audiences, who are ever in love with whatever is novel, seeking new performances, directors and actors. Our theatres do not rest on their laurels; diversity of repertoire and image is vital. We should also remember that three theatres are currently undergoing reconstruction, using stages on loan. Nevertheless, they continue to play an active role in the theatre world, combining popular performances with high art, to ensure that theatre generates its own revenue. By Valentin Petrov

2011 беларусь.belarus

TheatreHistory

heatrical festivals are held worldwide, from Scottish Edinburgh to French Avignon. They bring their cities fame, whether in megapolises such as Berlin and Moscow, or small towns such as Finnish Imatra. Their diversity covers classical, experimental, puppet and student theatre. One such festival, focusing on amateur, schoolandfolkcompanies,isbeingorganised

read, then the performance itself took place; later, a choir performed primarily Belarusian folk songs, followed by dancing. Finally, the audience was invited to join in. It was the only company to behave like this in the history of theatre.” After receiving his education in Riga, Buinitsky’s father allocated him 160 dessiatines (a Russian unit of area equal to approximately 2.7 acres) of land not far from Glubokoe. He came from a noble

by famous Belarusian writer Vladimir Korotkevich and Vladimir Nefed, a professor at the Belarusian Academy of Arts and a doctor of art history. A stela now

Half of Europe applauded to him Celebrations dedicated to the 150th anniversary of Buinitsky’s birth are taking place across Belarus to honour the man who was the founder of Belarusian theatre in the home village of Ignat Buinitsky — the founder of contemporary Belarusian theatre. In August and September 2011, celebrations dedicated the 150th anniversary of Buinitsky’s birth are taking place across Belarus to honour the man whose work received a standing ovation from half of Europe in the early 20th century.

Rural ‘star factory’

From 1910 to 1913, Buinitsky’s troupe performed plays by Belarusian and Russian authors in Polotsk, Disna, Minsk and Slutsk. They also visited Vilnius, Warsaw and St. Petersburg, staging performances by Leopold Rodevich, Eliza Orzeszkowa and Anton Chekhov. After performances, wealthy fans would present Buinitsky with golden rings, while famous Belarusian poets Yanka Kupala and Zmitrok Byadulya devoted verses to him. In the early 20th century, it was even considered prestigious to receive a postcard depicting Buinitsky. “His performances were rather original,” notes Olga Ginko, who heads the school in Glubokoe District’s Prozoroki village, where Buinitsky’s grave and museum are located. “First, verses were

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yet modest family, so the talented director worked on his estate as a land surveyor, while conducting rehearsals with a ‘travelling company’ comprised of his own relatives (his daughters Gelena and Vanda danced perfectly while his son-in-law Feoktistov conducted the choir). Talented locals with beautiful voices took part, with some playing the cembalo or violin (for instance, violinist Ivan Goler). Members of the local intelligentsia were also welcomed. Revenue from Buinitsky’s estate paid the company’s expenses and he even tried to pay his artists some money; however, he finally went bankrupt. In 1913, ‘Uncle Ignat’ (as Buinitsky was called by many) bought a house in Prozoroki. World War I arrived and he went to the front within four years, his squadron positioned near Minsk Region’s Molodechno. He decided to organise a ‘theatrical evening’ and sadly died mid performance, failing to realise his dream of a professional theatre.

Museum in his honour

In 1918, Buinitsky’s daughters brought his remains to his homeland and, in 1975, reburied them in Prozoroki, helped

rises over Buinitsky’s grave and a museum is run by a local school. The pupils eagerly show off playbills and costumes from the 20th century to tourists and even teach visitors how to dance Buinitsky’s favourite dance — the ‘Alexandrina’. Until around a decade ago, a theatrical holiday devoted to Buinitsky took place in Prozoroki once every five years, bringing together professional theatres and famous creative Belarusian groups. However, the tradition gradually petered out. The 150th anniversary of his birth is the perfect time to revive the celebration. Students from the Belarusian University of Culture have joined employees from the State Museum of the History of Theatrical and Musical Culture in recreating Buinitsky’s theatrical

TheatreHistory

performance. This autumn, the show will be given not only in his home village but in Glubokoe and Minsk, with an exhibition of Buinitsky’s photos, as well as his theatrical playbills, sure to draw interest. According to specialists, only 12 original items connected with the life and creativity of the talented director remain; oneisanancientwoodentable.“Itwasfound in the house of a local landowner and dates back to the early 20th century,” notes Ms. Ginko. “It’s known that Buinitsky enjoyed sitting at it. He may have even written his performances while seated at its desk top.”

Until the festival

Buinitsky’s school museum in Prozoroki, which also keeps copies of

documents from archives in Vilnius and Warsaw, is included on a local tourist route; you can find out more about it on the Sports and Tourism Ministry’s website. Recently, Igor Kurzhalov, a painter from Novopolotsk, developed a new concept for the site, helping transform this modest school museum into a contemporary cultural and tourist complex. A Minsk firm has promised to finance the project, while planning a leisure facility not far away, near the lake. A summer amphitheatre in Prozoroki would be able to annually accommodate fans of Buinitsky for a regular festival. “It would be wonderful if our theatrical holidays, organised from time to time, could become a regular theatre festival,” notes Ms. Ginko eagerly.

“The revival of theatrical traditions connected with Buinitsky could seriously inspire youngsters and help promote Prozoroki,” believes Inessa Mikhailovskaya, Chair of Prozoroki Rural Council. “The settlement has not only a rich history but good social infrastructure, being located between a motorway and a railway. I think that Prozoroki will only benefit from such a ‘cultural shake-up’.” If the festival takes off, the village will certainly need its own hotel (named in his honour) and tavern; an empty twostorey collective farmhouse could be the perfect venue, located near the Polotsk-Glubokoe motorway. The plans are beautiful yet logical. “There’s rationality in organising a theatre festival dedicated to Buinitsky,” agrees the Director of the Belarusian State Museum of the History of Theatrical and Musical Culture, Zinaida Kucher. “Of course, definite funds will be required, so it may be logical to first set up a Buinitsky fund. If we really want to turn Prozoroki into an interesting site, able to intrigue both local and foreign tourists, we need a creative concept and efficient management.” The idea appeals to employees of Minsk’s museum, who are ready to assist their colleagues from Glubokoe District in any possible way. Prozoroki has always attracted attention with its history and architecture. Driving along the nearby motorway, it’s difficult not to notice its Orthodox church and Roman Catholic church. They say that Ignat Buinitsky, although Catholic, donated significant funds to building the first church. Meanwhile, storks have built a huge nest between the high spires of the second. Rundown buildings have been demolished, fences have been painted and the exit from the motorway has been developed on the eve of the 150th jubilee of our famous fellow countryman. A park named after Buinitsky is to be developed and rural residents are hopeful that a new stage is dawning for the settlement, rich in cultural events. By Sergey Golesnik

2011 беларусь.belarus

Beauty secret

t o l i c h n o y e Te l e v i s i o n channel host Irina Khanunik-Rombalskaya admitted on returning from Bulgaria, “I’ve revealed the secret of Belarusians’ beauty. We conquer the world with our blue eyes. Ladies with such eyes always win prizes at beauty pageants.” Interestingly, Irina was taking part for the first time. Having worked as a model, it didn’t enter her head to try for a beauty title but fate had other plans.

topic, so I had some idea of the facts. I tried to mention not only official figures but to speak of the creative measures taken by our country. Belarus was the first former Soviet republic to recognise domestic violence by law. Some women are embarrassed to admit it takes place, which was the major problem I highlighted. In recent years, Belarusian women have become more decisive in defending their rights I think. Audiences know of you as a witty host. Meanwhile, a beauty pageant

Magic behind blue eyes Irina Khanunik-Rombalskaya wins ‘MRS. Supermodel’ title at MRS. Universe 2011 pageant “I was invited to take part by the World League of Beauty and Fashion’s National Director, Vitaly Zhilinsky. I thought he was joking but, later, agreed,” she smiles. “Until the last moment, I didn’t believe that I’d be going to the contest. It was only on receiving an invitation from the organisers that I realised it was true. I even had to cancel a scheduled shooting for Belarusfilm and for television and had to take a crash course to improve my English. Contestants had to prepare an English language report on how their country is battling domestic violence, defending it during contest week. I studied for two hours daily with a tutor to improve my language knowledge and worthily represent our country.” Tell us more about the report; it caused a stir abroad, didn’t it? I independently wrote the report on how Belarus is tackling domestic violence, with some assistance from the Interior Ministry (which gave me official data). Previously, I’d shot films on this

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focuses primarily on appearance. What was your attraction? In line with the contest rules, I had to take a national costume, evening and cocktail dresses, high heeled shoes and a swimsuit. Nothing was bought especially for the pageant though; some were provided by Stolichnoye Television and some were given to me by the National Beauty School. I only had to buy a few extras. Belarusian designer Ivan Aiplatov gave me some violet silk gloves, which helped me during my report. In English, ‘violet’ is similar in pronunciation to ‘violence’, so I used the pun to create a joke… urging that only light-hearted battles be fought in the home. Did you have to expl ain where Belarus is situated? In Bulgar ia, p eople of ten cried out ‘B elar us!’ on s eeing me, saying that Belarusians are the kindest and most sincere. I felt pride for my country. People know of us!

Many contestants told me that, in our Belarus, sports sites are being constructed and popular musical festivals are being organised and, most importantly, the most beautiful ladies live here! By Viktar Korbut