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Contents

Беларусь.Belarus Monthly magazine No.11 (926), 2010 Published since 1930 State Registration Certificate of mass medium No.8 dated March 2nd, 2009, issued by the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus

People and ideas meet at European Week

Founders: The Information Ministry of the Republic of Belarus “SB” newspaper editorial office Belvnesheconombank Editor: Viktor Kharkov Executive Secretary: Valentina Zhdanovich

Design and Layout by

4 10

Express speed Belarusian-Chinese relationship move to a new level

Close neighbour The October visit to Belarus by the Lithuanian President, Dalia Grybauskaitė, was discussed in a particularly lively manner by political analysts and experts

Positive energy trends

From neighbourhood to partnership In early November, Minsk was visited

by Foreign Ministers Guido Westerwelle and Radosław Sikorski, of Germany and Poland

36 38 40

port us to the past and look into the present

Vadim Kondrashov, Georgiy Shablyuk, Aloizas Yunevich

Coffee… with kolduns How much does

Беларусь.Belarus is published in Belarusian, English, Spanish and Polish.

Festive calendar Modern holidays trans-

‘Belarusian cuisine’ cost and when will it become fully commercial?

Unique world of Polesie First Festival of

Folk and Cultural Traditions — Call of Polesie — gathers in Petrikov district’s Lyaskovichi representatives from every Polesie area, each presenting unique samples of local culture: from culinary art and songs to fishing methods and basket weaving

46 Autumn premieres This year, Belarusfilm

has presented two premieres: Alexey Kolbyshev’s Wolves drama and Andrey Kudinenko’s Massacre — a ‘bulba-horror’

Secret of her victories This season is special for Victoria Azarenko. In 2009, the most successful Belarusian tennis player won WTA tournaments and played in the finals in Doha

16 Business character, or Belarusian investment forum in the context of new partnership possibilities

20 Customs light

24 30

Publisher: “SB” editorial office This magazine has been printed at “Belarusian House of Press” Publishing Office” UE. 79 Nezavisimosti Ave., Minsk, Belarus, 220013 Order No.2998 Total circulation — 2026 copies (including 726 in English).

Write us to the address: 11 Kiselyov Str., Minsk, Belarus, 220029. Tel.: +375 (17) 290-62-24, 290-66-45. Tel./Fax: +375 (17) 290-68-31.

Subscription index in Belpochta catalogue — 74977

Useful business commencement Every year, the number of foreigners wishing to work in Belarus grows

ter Life’ was the slogan of the World EXPO, which finished in Shanghai on October 31st

The magazine does not bear responsibility for the contents of advertisements.

www.belarus-magazine.by E-mail: mail@belarus-magazine.by

service giving the green

Clear facts of success ‘Better City, Bet-

Distributed in 50 countries of the world. Final responsibility for factual accuracy or interpretation rests with the authors of the publications. Should any article of Беларусь.Belarus be used, the reference to the magazine is obligatory.

Thanks to destiny

For future foreign subscribers for ‘Belarus’ magazine, apply to ‘MK-Periodica’ agency. E-mail: info@periodicals.ru Telephone in Minsk: +375 (17) 227-09-10.

2010 беларусь.belarus

editor’s note

Dictionary of communication

he Belarusian-German business dictionary has been presented in Minsk. It may seem an insignificant event in the context of international relations, but the book is indicative of the changing mood of our German partners. Clearly, businessmen are keen to communicate more clearly with local partners, creating stronger ties. I’m convinced that a good step has been taken and I hope it will continue against a background of other major events taking place within the international arena. If Belarus were in ‘isolation’ then observers and political analysts would have spoken of a ‘foreign political breakthrough’ taking place. However, Belarus’ recent meetings with foreign delegations have been treated as commonplace. Thinking of President Lukashenko’s visit to China, we can clearly see that bilateral relationships with this country have significantly intensified. Our article Express speed comes to Minsk explores recent meetings in Beijing. International life is, of course, based on mutual benefits, and negotiations in Beijing have already yielded fruit. Meanwhile, Minsk has become a venue for major policies. Energy efficiency came under close scrutiny during the visit of the Venezuelan President, Hugo Chávez, to Belarus. An alternative to dependence on Russian energy sources has been found in Minsk, as explored in Positive

беларусь.belarus 2010

Energy Trends. Our policy is always to be pragmatic, yet can be substantial in effect when mutually beneficial. It’s logical to quote Mr. Chávez in this respect, who noted, “The opportunity to bring oil from Venezuela to Europe’s heart, at your oil refineries, is strategically important to us. You are allowing us to create new routes for our oil trade and we’re proud that our ships can deliver our oil to Belarus.” Minsk’s agreements send a vital signal to transit countries, through which oil is delivered to Belarus from Latin America. Mr. Chávez’s visit was followed by that of the Lithuanian President, Dalia Grybauskaitė. The closest port able to accept

Venezuelan oil is located in Lithuania. The visit of the Lithuanian President to Belarus was commented upon by experts and political analysts, who remarked on the European accent of our foreign policy, where much needs to be transformed. Close Neighbour testifies to the landmark character of the Lithuanian President’s visit. After long years of pressure and attempts to isolate Minsk, the EU has come to the conclusion that such a format for relationships is hopeless. “For a decade, Europe has built a ‘Chinese Wall’ between itself and Belarus; it’s a wall which shouldn’t exist,”

admitted Ms. Grybauskaitė, during her negotiations with Mr. Lukashenko. “Only co-operation will bring benefits to both the EU and Belarus.” Today, the EU, concerned for stability and security along its borders, needs Belarus no less than Belarus needs the EU. This is proven by the country’s inclusion within the European Eastern Partnership programme. The long-term relevancy of this position was notable by the recent visit to Minsk by the Foreign Ministers of Poland and Germany, Radosław Sikorski and Guido Westerwelle. Undoubtedly, they reflected the EU’s policy towards Belarus at Minsk meetings, as explored in From Neighbourhood to Partnership. Minsk Forum, held in November, was a successful venue for Belarusian-European dialogue. The Forum, which launched in 1997, has been organised for the 13th time. Some would call this an unlucky figure but the organisers were convinced otherwise — even rather optimistic about its usefulness. Much was spoken of the ‘economisation’ of relations. The Belarusian economy is going through a special period of structural reform — only possible with the aid of new investments, technologies and advanced experience. Our German partners possess all these, so their assistance could be significant. Evidently, Belarus has the right to expect more decisive steps from the EU; Schengen visas were compared with the Berlin Wall at the Forum. The ‘Schengen Wall’ is virtual, yet quite tangible, and should be removed to aid European integration. A ‘wait-and-see approach’ is inappropriate. Without Belarus, and other Eastern European states yet to join the Schengen zone, the configuration of contemporary Europe is incomplete. The first ever German-Belarusian dictionary was presented at Minsk Forum and should aid the development of panEuropean communication. It’s a good example to follow. BY Viktor Kharkov, magazine editor Беларусь. Belarus

topical

 Accentuating sustainable growth Strong social policy, support for business and development of hightech manufactures are priorities for state policy over next five years

he 2011-2015 Programme for Belarus’ Socio-Economic Development has been presented in draft form by Belarus’ Economy Minister, Nikolai Snopkov, to the republican organising committee to prepare and hold the 4th AllBelarusian National Assembly. According to the Minister, the goals aim to raise GDP per capita (by purchasing power parity) from $14,000 in 2010 to $2627,000 by 2015. Labour productivity should almost double, reaching $ 49-51,000. Raising incomes should positively influence the standard of living. Mr. Snopkov stresses that the social policy’s major accent is on improving the system of assistance to young families. Measures include improving housing conditions and increasing allowances to reflect family size. It’s planned that more homes will be built, to meet demand, with costs for public utilities reduced and new long-term loans created. Structural economic changes should result in greater research within industry and a larger share of high-tech manufactures. By late 2015, innovative production should account for at least 20 percent of total industrial volume.

 Powerful technologies Belarus to use Korean e-government practices

natoly Morozevich, the Rector of the Academy of Public Administration under the aegis of the President of Belarus, has signed an agreement on cooperation with the Korea Institute of Public Administration. Being a global leader in science-related research, the Korea Institute of Public Administration is especially interesting to Belarus, which is keen to learn from its innovative approaches and analytical efforts regarding st ate management. Kore an

Computer technologies gain power

e x p e r i e nc e of i nt ro du c i ng e-government technologies is a particularly interesting aspect of co-operation between our two countries. According to Mr. Morozevich, Korea’s electronic ‘giants’ have simplified the introduction of egovernment in the country. E-government allows state authorities to liaise and interact more easily with the population, giving access to information, state services and forms online. This aids private citizens and business circles, reducing bureaucracy and helping eradicate corruption.

 Turning point for rapprochement process Minsk’s Council of Europe Information Point, operational for over a year, is unprecedented

o other non-member of the Council of Europe is honoured with a similar representation office. Andrea Rigoni, PACE Rapporteur for Belarus, has called it a ‘turning point’ in the process of rapprochement between the EU and Minsk. Igor Gorsky, the Director of the Council of Europe Information Point in Belarus, notes that the centre has already achieved much, with further plans afoot. All projects are agreed with the Council of Europe, the Belarusian Foreign Ministry and the Belarusian State University, since the Information Point operates as part of an international technical assistance project, implemented jointly with the BSU. During recent months, four information campaigns have been organised in Belarus, tackling topical issues: domestic violence towards women; the protection of child rights; race discrimination; and the moratorium on the death penalty (with possible complete abolition). Contemporary TV clips to advertise the issues have been broadcast across Council of Europe countries, with most also seen by TV viewers in Belarus, being shown on many Belarusian channels. Additionally, campaigns are running via the press and Internet. The Council of Europe Information Point targets various audiences, with special attention given to young people, students and the upcoming generation. The Information Point is working jointly with Belarusian ministries to organise diverse events and visits by Council of Europe representatives. Belarus is known to be doing much to eradicate this evil and, undoubtedly, Minsk and the Council of Europe could achieve a great deal by their joint efforts.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Co-operation

Express speed Belarusian-Chinese relationship move to a new level The train connecting the centre of Shanghai with the international airport of Pudong is actually rather inconvenient for TV journalists arriving to report on China. They don’t have time to deliver even a few phrases into their microphones during their journey, as it covers 30km in just 7 minutes and 20 seconds, travelling at 430km/h. It’s the fastest in the world, originally designed by the Germans. However, the Chinese plan to soon astonish the world with their new, super-high-speed connection between Beijing and Shanghai, designed domestically. In fact, the speed at which China is introducing advanced production impresses no less than the Chinese Express, as does the country’s pace of GDP growth. Belarus also hopes to make a powerful economic breakthrough, in close co-operation with this country. During Alexander Lukashenko’s recent visit to Beijing, an agreement was concluded which envisages Chinese financing of the electrification of some parts of the Belarusian railway. Moreover, China is to supply its cargo electric trains to our country. Of course, we are yet to achieve speeds of several hundred kilometres per hour but this is only the beginning of our path…

r. Lukashenko negotiated with the head of the most populous state in the world, the Chairman of the People’s Republic of China — Hu Jintao, in early October. “I’m ready to exchange opinions on the further development of our bilateral relations, in addition to other issues of mutual interest,” said Mr. Jintao, opening the meeting in Beijing. He emphasised the assistance rendered by Belarus to China during the recent earthquake. In turn, Mr. Lukashenko thanked his host ‘for the huge support which China provides to Belarus’. As a result of the visit, $3.5bn of contracts were signed. Beijing is allocating a major credit line to Belarus, to be used to set up new facilities: the construction of an accommodation complex, reconstruction of the airport, and modernisation of our transport system. Importantly, our eastern neighbour is allocating a tied loan rather than injecting directly. Of course, we’ll need to repay the money spent on the Chinese equipment and services, but the Ambassador of Belarus to Beijing, Anatoly Tozik, believes that Chinese technologies are the obvious choice, being 30-40 percent cheaper than others worldwide. The situation is likely to continue over coming years, so it’s wise

беларусь.belarus 2010

to take advantage of the present offer. Moreover, the quality of Chinese-made goods is even acknowledged by the USA. Not long ago, China agreed to modernise American railways, with their technologies rivalling those from the West (as seen from the example of the Express railway). No doubts now arise regarding the feasibility of Chinese goods arriving on the Belarusian market.

Contacts and contracts

Top level contacts play a significant role in activating Belarusian-Chinese relations. Mr. Lukashenko’s visit to China

the pace of their economic growth, which continued despite the crisis. Last year, Chinese GDP was up 8.7 percent, against global stagnation. Their rivals lagged behind, allowing the country to advance rapidly. China now outstrips Japan regarding GDP, with only the USA ahead. It has certainly knocked Germany from its pedestal as an export champion. “We’re delighted by our good relations with the Chinese People’s Republic. It seems to me that the Chinese leadership also has no grounds to be displeased with our relations. In a

“I’m also convinced that Chinese leaders and common people realise Belarus'nature and the policy its leaders pursue” Alexander Lukashenko was his sixth as President. He travelled there as a parliamentarian almost twenty years ago (when China was primarily known for its down-padded coats); as he admits, he saw huge potential in the Chinese model. Today, we’re used to admiring the Chinese work ethic and

decade and a half, we’ve travelled a long path of studying each other, building our relations. I believe Belarus deserves the trust of China. I’m also convinced that the Chinese leaders and common people realise Belarus’ nature and the policy its leaders pursue,” stated Mr.

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Co-operation

Meeting of Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko and Chairman of the People’s Republic of China Hu Jintao

Lukashenko, speaking of bilateral liaisons. “I’m convinced that, in the coming 15 years, you’ll surpass all other states in your economic development. In this respect, we’re very pleased to have already established good relations with China, achieving a strategic level of collaboration.” Our bilateral relations truly have achieved a level of strategic collaboration, as fixed in a declaration signed by the heads of state back in December 2005. Our strategic partnership with China, reinforced during the last visit, is a platform on which Belarusian foreign policy is founded. Investment

co-operation with the most dynamically developing economy in the world allows us to rapidly modernise our own economy and, finally, achieve true independence. If such issues as gas prices become non-essential for Belarus — as may be possible if we become an efficient, high-tech economy — other difficulties will evaporate.

Credit of trust

In 2008, our bilateral turnover reached a record $2bn (despite falling by almost $800m in 2009). The crisis affected some of the achievements of Beijing and Minsk, but we firmly intend

to restore our lost ground, pushing to reach new levels. This was demonstrated by the hearty welcome given to the Belarusian delegation in China. The 2010 trend inspires optimism, as trade has risen 60 percent — against 2009 figures. In recent years, investment co-operation has strengthened — despite the crisis. On the eve of his nine-hour flight to China, the Belarusian President told Chinese journalists, “We’ve seen good collaboration in the investment sphere, especially over the past year or two. I’ve noticed that the Chinese have already taken the initiative, opening

2010 беларусь.belarus

Co-operation new enterprises in our country and trusting us. This is good but we’d like to see this trend gain momentum, becoming even more dynamic. China has the chance to do this, as I’ll be discussing with Hu Jintao. I think it will be a serious, fundamental meeting, which will define the strategy of our relations in the long term.”

production of microwave ovens at Horizont, the construction of cement plants and reconstruction of Minsk’s heat power plants. These are large projects, worth hundreds of millions of dollars, so it’s no surprise that the continuation of such co-operation has been agreed. In Beijing, 13 new contracts were signed.

Strategic partnership with China is a platform on which Belarusian foreign policy is founded . It allows us to rapidly modernise our own economy and, finally, achieve true independence D e spite t he v i e w s e x pre ss e d by some Russian obser vers, Mr. Lukashenko’s visit to China was the result of many years of thorough preparation. Our enterprises began seeking out Chinese partners several years ago. Moreover, it seems to me that Mr. Lukashenko’s visit to China in 2005 was the starting point of our true relations. That year, mutual political understanding led to business liaisons. In 2008, the President attended the Olympics in Beijing and China became convinced of the seriousness of our intentions and our readiness to create a secure partnership. During his Minsk visit, the Deputy Chairman of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping, opened a credit line for Belarus worth a record $15bn. This was during the crisis year and, for the Chinese Government, was a serious step (China ‘only’ allocated $10bn to huge Africa, which boasts oil fields and valuable resources). Of course, a credit line is not ‘live’ money but B eijing could clearly see that its Belarusian partners are serious and, importantly, profitable. The Chinese have already launched

беларусь.belarus 2010

Rated capacities

Among the most interesting joint projects are a new energy block at Bereza hydroelectric power station (400mW) and another of the same capacity at Lukoml station. The Government has no doubt that these injections will pay for themselves, ensuring that we consume less fuel (modernised hydroelectric power stations annually save about $6070m). This aids our long-awaited dream of energy independence. In addition, a $768m contract has been signed to construct a plant making white cellulose at Svetlogorsk Pulp and Board Plant, with a capacity of 400,000 tonnes a year. The facility (in addition to the setting up of soda ash production, unique in Belarus, with the help of the Chinese) should prove profitable, since China itself buys $10bn of cellulose annually. No problems are expected in finding sales markets. Meanwhile, Chinese Eximbank is allocating credit to finance reconstruction at Minsk National Airport over the coming three years (ready for the World Hockey Championship). In total, $600m is being invested in constructing a modern international passenger terminal, while equipping

At the Media-Horizont enterprise

the airport with the latest security and alarm systems. A second runaway is to appear, suitable for A-380 craft and will, no doubt, meet world standards. On visiting Shanghai Airport, I was convinced that Minsk is badly in need of investment. An intelligent transport system is to be created in Minsk, with the help of Chinese investments, specialists and technologies. The city’s transport will be automated, with crossroads, traffic lights and public transport centrally co-ordinated and information panels installed at trolley bus, tram and bus stops, giving realtime updates on the timetable. This should ease congestion in the capital, encouraging people to use public

Co-operation coming five years, this Chinese quarter could appear in Minsk. It would feature examples of your culture, cuisine and traditions. I’d love for it to employ not only Chinese citizens but, also, our local people. They could work jointly, providing services; it would be very interesting.” We already have two thousand Chinese students for this ‘China-town’, studying Russian at our universities. Of course, an economic basis is required, which is now being created.

Belta

Two-side movement

Together we can solve the majority of issues

transport. Meanwhile, car drivers will gain access to information on how many free car parking places there are in the city at any given moment, with automatic payment introduced for parking. The system should come online by late 2013early 2014, increasing the city streets’ traffic capacity by 20-25 percent. Construction projects are to the fore, including those for hotels and accommodation. “I’ve invited the Chinese Government to create a corner of China at the centre of Europe — in Belarus,” Mr. Lukashenko told journalists. “What will it cost for huge, rich China to build such a unique island? Your Government has accepted my proposal and I’m convinced that, in the

China currently has 1,350,000,000 residents, generating GDP of about $5 trillion. Beijing alone has double the population of the whole of Belarus, while Shanghai has triple the population. Belarusians should never view themselves as poor relations though, since China is eager to co-operate with Belarus, being attracted by our technologies. We, in turn, show interest in its financial resources. Being an expert in international relations, I cannot recall the Chinese Government ever being guided by anything but pragmatism. In developing the Belarusian economy, it aims to develop China’s as well, with Chinese equipment supplied, alongside services by Chinese specialists. Belarus has a negative trade balance with China (minus $800m registered in 2008 and minus $900m last year) but business is business. The Chinese appreciate our technologies; otherwise, a BelAZ production facility would never have appeared near Beijing. The Belarusian President officially opened it during his recent visit. The Chinese are now mining their resources, so our vehicles have arrived with good timing. Interestingly, one of the largest Chinese corporations (among the top 500 worldwide) partners this enterprise. Founded by BelAZ and AVIC (China Aviation Industry Corporation), the venture has already begun selling quarry trucks to the Chinese market

as an exclusive dealer (winning tenders worth almost $40m to date). The company is aiming high, keen to raise the share of our quarry vehicles in China to 25 percent. “Just five months ago, there was an unfilled niche; now, we’re opening a new and promising company. The speed of our work is really impressive,” noted Mr. Lukashenko. “We can say that this has been a good start; a good beginning guarantees success!” The President personally addressed the heads of this joint venture, noting that, in future, sales should reach far beyond China. In his view, we have everything necessary to conquer new markets, including in other Far Eastern states. Primarily, our modern technologies, highly qualified personnel and well established ties with partners should drive this forward. Mr. Lukashenko believes that AVIC could enter the huge market of the post-Soviet states. “We boast a unique position within the Customs Union, which enhances possibilities for collaboration and stronger liaisons. You’ll be able to trade without paying fees throughout almost the whole postSoviet space,” he explained. During Mr. Lukashenko’s visit to China, a Belarusian-Chinese technopark opened in the city of Changchun. Science intensive facilities are to cover 30 hectares, including a company producing medical lasers. “After the President’s visit to China in 2005, we increased our turnover sharply,” recollects our Ambassador to Beijing, Anatoly Tozik. “After 2008, creditinvestment co-operation flourished. We’re now shifting to a new stage — the union of science and technology; it’s a most promising direction.” Co-operation between our two countries blends various directions: trade, investments, credits and sci-tech developments. These are modern, with equal rights, and are mutually beneficial, creating a solid base for future development. By Igor Kolchenko

2010 беларусь.belarus

Topical prospects

Positive energy trends Belarus’ new energy security concept, running until 2020, differs drastically from that of five years ago, taking into consideration the latest energy supply situation. The oil and gas ‘wars’ involving Belarus are pushing the Government to turn to local fuels, new routes of delivery and, importantly, new sources of energy, as covered by the 2020 concept. Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez visited Belarus this October, allowing us to come much closer to solving our energy problems

or the next few years, B elarus is guaranteed to receive oil. In the presence of Alexander Lukashenko and Hugo C h áve z , a c ont r a c t w a s s i g n e d between the Belarusian Oil Company and Petróleos de Venezuela, running from 2011-2013. Over this period, Novopolotsk and Mozyr oil refineries are to be modernised to meet European standards of oil processing, allowing export to Europe. Belarus must survive a certain transitional period following Russia’s introduction of export fees on oil supplied to Belarus. From now on, Belarusian oil refineries are to annually receive up to 10m tonnes of oil from outside Russia, covering almost half of the country’s

Venezuelan oil arriving at Mozyr oil refinery

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needs. Belarus will no longer be dependent on a single supplier. “You’ve directed much of your abundant energy into the construction of an independent Belarus, as everyone in our country knows,” Mr. Lukashenko told his Venezuelan colleague, after their long talks in Minsk. “During these difficult times, you’ve offered your shoulder and the outstretched hand of friendship, which we’ll never forget.” Mr. Chávez confirmed, “We’re aware that your refineries need raw materials. However, they won’t lack oil for many years ahead.” Venezuela’s Minister for Energy and Oil, Rafael Ramírez, explained that Caracas is to raise oil supplies to Belarus next year, to 200,000 barrels a day. As a result, oil supplies to Minsk should rise 150 percent against 2010 figures. According to Reuters A g e n c y,

беларусь.belarus 2010

at present, Venezuela is diversifying its oil supply to avoid dependence on sales to the USA (its current major buyer). Accordingly, Caracas is joining various foreign markets — primarily, in China and Eurasia. Mr. Ramírez stressed that ‘we don’t sell oil at a discounted price to anyone’. Mr. Lukashenko admitted that he ‘doesn’t wish to become in debt’ to his friend Hugo Chávez, promising that Belarus will help Venezuela develop its machine building and other industries, constructing accommodation and developing agriculture. This Latin American countr y has, for many years, supplied the USA with raw materials. Now, it’s keen to develop, using Belarusian technologies. “Mr. Lukashenko has told me that Belarus is ready to share everything it produces with Venezuela, as well as plants and facilities,” Mr. Chávez announced to his local media representatives, summing up the results of Minsk meeting. “Such an offer has no price, especially in our modern world, where egoism rules. No debt exists between us; we’re friends.” Meanwhile, Belorusneft and the Venezuelan Oil Company have signed a memorandum on mutual understanding, with Venezuela providing an additional two deposits for joint venture Petrolera BeloVenesolana, raising its total number to seven. Belarus will be able to independently mine over a million tonnes of oil, many thousands of kilometres from Minsk. In addition, Petrolera BeloVenesolana is developing six deposits of natural gas in Latin America: added to the company this year.

prospects Topicale

Today Belarus is analysing the option of Venezuelan oil transportation via Lithuania and Ukraine

Mr. Chávez admitted, “It’s strategically important for us to be able to deliver oil from Venezuela to the heart of Europe — to your refineries. You’re allowing us to create new paths for oil trade and we’re proud that our vessels can transport our oil to Belarus.” The agreements reached in Minsk are an important signal to those transporting oil from Latin America to Belarus. Revealingly, Mr. Chávez’s visit was followed by the arrival of the President of Lithuania, Dalia Grybauskaitė. The nearest port able to welcome Venezuelan oil for Belarusian refineries is located in Lithuania. B el ar us’ Fi rst D e put y Pr i me Minister, Vladimir Semashko, notes that, from January 2011, Belarus will be ready to annually transport up to 2.5m tonnes of Venezuelan oil via Klaipeda’s port. In early October, the first sitting of the joint BelarusianLithuanian commission took place. “We’ve agreed that, from January 1st, 2011, if not from December this year, we’ll be ready to guarantee the supply of up to 2.5m tonnes of oil, for its further transportation to our refineries by rail — primarily to Mozyr,” explains Mr. Semashko, adding that a sample deliver y to Klaipeda (in AugustSeptember) was a success. “We’re satisfied and your country is pleased as well. We’ve solved a technical problem. We now need to optimise our logistics and economics, so that the process is beneficial to both you and us.”

Speaking to journalists, Mr. Semashko informed them that up to 5m tonnes of oil could travel via Klaipeda in the future. Rail supplies are viewed as an intermediary stage only, since transporting oil via the existing pipeline is being studied. A new pipeline could even be constructed. L i t h u a n i a’s P r i m e M i n i s t e r, Andrius Kubilius, believes that ‘there are no political obstacles to transporting Venezuelan oil via Lithuania’. It is only left to agree guarantees and sign a commercial agreement. In Minsk, Ms. Grybauskaitė expressed Lithuania’s readiness to develop energy co-operation, saying, “Taking into account the large volumes which Belarus needs to transport, you’d best liaise with several Baltic ports. It’s unlikely that it will be profitable to concentrate on a single state, since our capacity is limited.” As t h e f ore i g n a m b a s s a d or s presented their credentials, Mr. Lukashenko addressed the heads of the Latvian and Estonian diplomatic missions, “We have many common interests — primarily, in the fields of energy security and transit,” he said. The President believes a joint strategy is also required in other directions, since the ‘stability and wellbeing of the whole region largely depend on our neighbours’. Certain agreements have already been signed with Ukraine. Its President, Viktor Yanukovych attended a press

conference jointly with Mr. Chávez (the Venezuelan Head of State went to Ukraine after visiting Minsk) and stressed that Ukraine is ready to transport Venezuelan oil shipped to Black Sea ports. Mr. Yanukovych confirmed that Ukraine plans to shift the transportation of this Venezuelan oil (for B elarus) to the OdessaBrody and Druzhba pipelines; at present, oil is being shipped by rail, in tankers. On November 1st, Belarus and Ukraine signed an agreement to transport Venezuelan oil via the Odessa-Brody pipeline — fixing previous arrangements. The pipe was laid in 2001, connecting Brody (on the Black Sea) with Brody (in the Lvov region); from here, it joins the Druzhba oil pipeline. The line covers 667km, with a capacity of 14.5m tonnes a year. As already announced, the draft agreement envisages the transportation of about 5m tonnes of oil to Belarus via Ukraine, shipped in tankers to Yuzhny port. S i mu l t a n e o u s l y, A z e r b a i j a n i President Ilham Aliyev noted, in Baku, that he is also ready to join the project. This would allow the OdessaBrody pipeline to operate as initially planned (until recently, Russian fuel has been pumped through it in the reverse direction). This would be a significant step forward in ensuring energ y security for B elar us and Eastern Europe. By Igor Kolchenko

2010 беларусь.belarus

Belta

European vector

Close neighbour

Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko and Lithuanian president Dalia Grybauskaite pleased with the results of their meeting in Minsk

The October visit to Belarus by the Lithuanian President, Dalia Grybauskaitė, was discussed in a particularly lively manner by political analysts and experts

vidently, it was a landmark event. After long years of pressure and attempts to isolate Minsk, the EU understands that such a relationship is hopeless. “For a decade, Europe has built a ‘Chinese Wall’ between itself and Belarus; it’s a wall which shouldn’t exist,” admitted Ms. Grybauskaitė, speaking to Mr. Lukashenko. “Only co-operation will bring benefits to both the EU and Belarus.” Mr. Lukashenko completely agreed with his colleague, saying, “Fences and walls benefit no-one.”

We need each other

Minsk’s interest in collaboration with the EU can be explained by the fact that

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the EU is Belarus’ leading trade partner alongside Russia (accounting for 32 percent of total turnover last year). The attraction of European investments and technologies to modernise enterprises is a strategic aim for Minsk, stimulating its rapprochement with the EU. Thirdly, the energy sphere is of vital importance. In recent years, Belarus has been eager to diversify its energy supplies, trying to avoid complete dependence on Russian oil and gas companies. Energy efficiency is of no less importance for European states. It’s no exaggeration to say that the EU, concerned with securing its borders and maintaining a steady energy supply, needs Belarus just as much as Belarus needs the

EU. The country’s inclusion within the European Eastern Partnership programme is evidence of this mutual need, as discussed by Mr. Lukashenko and Ms. Grybauskaitė. Belarus hopes to see the Eastern Partnership filled with definite content and real projects, as does Lithuania. According to Ms. Grybauskaitė, despite a few glitches on each side of the border, the programme definitely has a future. At present, it is more symbolic and political in character than practical. However, “Europe is opening up to Belarus, beginning to trust it, while promoting collaboration,” noted the Lithuanian President during her visit. She added, “Investments will come later

European vector if we embrace the opportunities of the Eastern Partnership.” One of the programme’s vital tasks is to bring partner countries closer to European political values, as tackled at the meeting between the two presidents. Next year, Vilnius is to chair the OSCE. Ms. Grybauskaitė underlined, “We’d like to help Belarus to become more open and acknowledged in Europe.” Mr. Lukashenko thanked his colleague for her constructive position and assured her that the Belarusian leadership is interested in the forthcoming presidential elections being free and fair. “If the EU remains influenced by stereotypes, formed in previous years, it must set them aside.” The Belarusian President noted his eagerness to see the presidential elections organised in line with international standards. Minsk is convinced that, after the political campaign in December, Belarus-EU relations will intensify.

From sea to sea

Once, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea, uniting the nations of Belarus and Lithuania. Today, this historical motif has acquired even greater popularity. Mr. Lukashenko and Ms. Grybauskaitė devoted much of their attention to the transit potential of Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. The topic was also high on the agenda during talks between the Belarusian President and the President of Ukraine, Victor Yanukovych, in Minsk this April. A trilateral joint project — the ‘Viking’ container train — is already operational, uniting the port of Klaipeda with the Black Sea ports of Odessa and Ilyichevsk. During his visit to Turkey, Mr. Lukashenko discussed the opportunity of extending this route to the Middle Eastern region and found complete understanding from the Turkish leadership, as he told Ms. Grybauskaitė. The transit of Venezuelan oil to Belarus (annual supplies reaching 10m tonnes) is interesting to Ukraine and Lithuania, as well as to other Baltic States. Belarus’ First Deputy Prime Minister, Vladimir Semashko, notes that up to 2.5m tonnes of Venezuelan oil could be annually transported via

Klaipeda port. In October, Palanga and Klaipeda hosted a session of the BelarusianLithuanian Energy Commission. “We agreed that, from January 1st, 2011, we’ll be ready to guarantee annual supplies of up to 2.5m tonnes of oil to Klaipeda port and its further transportation to our oil refineries, primarily in Novopolotsk, by rail,” Mr. Semashko explains. He also notes that the supply of a trial batch of oil via Klaipeda was a success this year. “We’ve solved a technical problem and now need to optimise logistics and economics, to ensure that all is beneficial for Belarus and Lithuania.” Supplies by railroad are the current compromise, with

tion, tourism, wood processing and agricultural manufacture and processing.

Welcome!

Alongside political and economic dimensions, another vital sphere exists for liaisons: interpersonal contacts. During Ms. Grybauskaitė’s visit to Minsk, a document was signed governing mutual trips for those living close to the border of Belarus and Lithuania; it benefits hundreds of thousands of residents, allowing freer travel within a limited radius. Once it is ratified in 2011 by both countries, those from border towns and

As of early 2010, 410 organisations with Lithuanian capital were registered in Belarus and over 200 enterprises with Belarusian capital were operating in Lithuania The total amount of Lithuanian injections attracted into Belarus exceeded $150m oil to be transported to Novopolotsk Oil Refinery via pipeline in time. The construction of new transit facilities is also possible in Lithuania. Speaking of her attitude towards joint energy projects, Ms. Grybauskaitė stressed, “This is vital, so we’re ready for open co-operation. The EU is keen on energy independence.” Another important topic for bilateral Belarusian-Lithuanian relations is investment interaction; 410 organisations with Lithuanian capital are registered in Belarus. “The path to investment is open,” stresses Mr. Lukashenko, who notes that Lithuanian businesses are welcomed warmly in Belarus. Lithuanian businessmen place no political conditions on investment, as investors from some other states do. “We’re always glad to welcome Lithuanian financial injections,” underlines the Belarusian President, adding that Lithuanian capital investments receive reliable protection in our country. The major areas for mutual business interest are logistics, construc-

villages in our two states will be able to visit each other without the need for a visa. “It is a political and symbolic treaty, opening a ‘window to Europe’ for some Belarusians,” noted Ms. Grybauskaitė. Those wishing to acquire a multientry visa to the neighbouring country will pay just 20 euros. Around 600,000 residents in Belarus and 800,000 people in Lithuania will be eligible, removing another barrier to Belarus-EU relationships. Minsk hopes that, in the course of time, the existing visa regime between Belarus and the EU will be simplified. “Walls benefit no-one. I believe that the wall, which was once constructed between the European Union and Belarus, is now being successfully destroyed,” asserts Mr. Lukashenko. “This should have happened once. We don’t need any walls, especially in relations between Lithuania and Belarus.” Minsk is confident that the time will soon come when the coolness in EU-Belarus relations will be completely forgotten. By Vitaly Volyanyuk

2010 беларусь.belarus

Visit

From neighbourhood to partnership In early November, Minsk was visited by Foreign Ministers Guido Westerwelle and Radosław Sikorski, of Germany and Poland Guido Westerwelle

nalysts noted that the visit, which followed that of the Lithuanian President, testified to a real thaw in Minsk-EU relations. On meeting the Belarusian President, Mr. Westerwelle and Mr. Sikorski underlined that the EU wishes to see Belarus as a fully-fledged partner, rather than as a mere neighbour. Naturally, Belarus desires the same. On welcoming his guests, Mr. Lukashenko expressed gratitude to Poland and Germany, saying that they had done a great deal during difficult conditions — and continue to do much today, to ensure constructive relations between Belarus and the EU. “It may sound banal, but we’re very much interested in Europe,” Mr. Lukashenko explained, adding that ‘Europe also can’t do without Belarus’. According to the Belarusian leader, the potential for co-operation is yet to be fully realised, with political and economic sanctions hampering the rapid improvement of relationships. The Head of State believes that it would be wise to eradicate these methods. Speaking of the Eastern Partnership programme, Mr. Lukashenko regretted the ‘hanging about’. “Sadly, we have more hopes than realities now,” he said pitifully. Belarus’ other message for the EU is its desire to build co-operation for the future, rather than placing 100 percent dependence on the results of the forthcoming presidential elections. “These are not our first or last elections,” stressed Mr. Lukashenko, speaking to the two foreign

беларусь.belarus 2010

Radoslaw Sikorsky

ministers. However, he assured them that the forthcoming political campaign ‘will meet the most democratic standards’. “Their legitimacy is more important to us than to anyone else in the world,” the Belarusian President noted. “If you wish to, you can even count votes,” he told his foreign guests. Tackling bilateral BelarusianGerman and Belarusian-Polish relations, the Belarusian leader noted, “We don’t have any bias towards Germany or Poland. We liaise closely with both.” Minsk hopes for further intensification of dialogue and ‘the materialisation of relations’ with the EU. During the meeting at the Presidential Residence, Mr. Sikorski noted that Poland supports the economic integration of Belarus with the EU, as well as the simplification of the visa regime. He hopes that political conditions will be created to allow Belarus to take advantage of EU financial assistance. He gave Moldova as an example, which receives 2bn euros from the EU. His German colleague, Guido Westerwelle, commented that Belarus’ invitation to a large number of international observers has been a ‘correct step’. “We’re keen to strengthen our collaboration,” he emphasised, addressing Mr. Lukashenko. He explained that co-operation should be built on principles of democracy and supremacy of law, with transparency at the forthcoming elections of primary importance for Europe. In turn, the Belarusian

President assured them that Belarus will be conducting its electoral campaign completely openly, “All those wishing to visit our country prior to and during the elections will receive open access to Belarusian society.” The meeting between Mr. Sikorski and Vladimir Makei, the Head of the Presidential Administration, tackled the strengthening of bilateral political and economic interaction, as well as the removing of barriers hampering our dialogue. Mr. Sikorski and Mr. Westerwelle negotiated with their Belarusian colleague, Sergei Martynov. “We have the chance to improve our relations, which is something we’d like to take advantage of in future,” comments Mr. Martynov. He notes that Minsk, Warsaw and Berlin are keen to improve relations and promote further progress in a united Europe, while strengthening independence, as well as economic and energy security. The visit by the two foreign ministers was accompanied by practical decisions. At the final briefing, Mr. Sikorski noted, “I’ve adopted a political decision, but it will also have financial repercussions. I’ve retracted my veto on Belarus’ participation in the Northern Dimension.” The latter is an international project initiated by the EU, covering Northern Europe, the Baltic States and Russia. It’s hoped that restrictions hampering fullyfledged Belarus-EU relations will soon be removed. By Vitaly Volyanyuk

insight

Statistics speaking for itself

Impressive facts

In the first eight months of 2010, Belarus’ economic development was among best in Europe

Belarus ahead of Germany, the UK and Japan in education index

ccording to the National Statistical Committee’s recent report, Belarus’ economy had risen 6.1 percent by August — almost triple the International Monetary Fund’s forecast of 2.4 percent (as per its April report). Unexpected growth of production in all branches of the real economy — especially, industrial production (which rose by 9.8 percent) — is the cause. The Belarusian Government believes the country’s economic growth could rise to double-digits. The 2010 forecast mentions figures of 11 to 13 percent. In 2008, Belarusian GDP growth stood at 10 percent but this impressive development was interrupted by the global economic crisis. As a result, GDP rose only 0.2 percent last year (some sources say that it fell by 0.2 percent). This was largely due to reduced turnover with the country’s two major trading partners: Russia and the EU. How can this pace of growth — natural for Asian states — be explained? After the USSR’s collapse, Belarus opted for a market economy, with the official transition occurring in 1995. However, the state continues to control key branches of the economy, with foreign investments strictly guided by state organs’ decisions. The major reason for the good economic growth of recent years (8.2 percent on average, from 2001 and 2008) has been state capital investments and revenue from exports: trade with Russia and growing turnover with the EU. The consequences of the crisis have been felt in the form of reduced tax revenue, leading to a growing budget deficit. In the first seven months of 2010, the budget deficit stood at 2.4 percent,

while the pace of economic growth reached 7 percent. It’s quite possible that, this year, the figure could exceed 3 percent. The Government promises better results in 2011 but experts note the need for a changed model, recommending the country to avoid full dependence on its trading partners. The problem of attracting foreign investments will remain an issue until true stimuli exist to inspire capital injections. From January-June 2009, investments rose by just 5 percent — much lower than the 23-25 percent registered at the beginning of the year (when PM Sergei Sidorsky announced the necessity of changing the investment policy and ‘shifting from individual projects to major co-operation with foreign investors’). Belarus’ problems stretch beyond the need to overcome the budget deficit and raise investment; inflation remains another concern. This post-Soviet republic has always had to fight against growing prices. Annual income per capita here is about $5,500. Since December 2009, production prices have been growing quicker than consumer prices. The level of inflation could reach 7.3 percent this year (half of the 2009 figure).

ccording to the Human Development Report 2009, Belarus was ranked 68th among 182 countries and territories and was among the countries boasting a high human development index In terms of the education index, Belarus shares 26th position with Latvia (0.961) and is ahead of some European countries: Switzerland (0.936), the Czech Republic (0.938), Germany (0.954), Poland (0.952), Bulgaria (0.930), Russia (0.933), Japan (0.949), Israel (0.947) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (0.957). The level of education in Belarus has been continuously increasing. According to the 2009 census, 90 percent of Belarusians had higher, secondary and basic education degrees (against 77 percent registered in 1989, and 85 percent in 1999). The level of education of rural residents increased significantly. The share of people with higher, secondary and basic education degrees was 68 percent among rural residents in 1999 but, according to the 2009 census, this share increased to 82 percent. This index remained unchanged for urban residents — 93 percent. In 2009, Belarus’ expenses on education made up 4.9 percent of the national GDP. In Russia, this index was equal to 4.6 percent while Kazakhstan spent 4.2 percent.

According to Spanish newspaper El Pais

2010 беларусь.belarus

Minsk FORUM

People and ideas meet at European Week The 13th Minsk Forum crowned those discussions on European themes, with German Chancellor Angela Merkel sending the Federal Minister of the German Government, Ronald Pofalla. It was the first time that official Berlin had been represented at such a high level. On the Belarusian side, the welcoming speech was given by the Head of the Presidential Administration, Vladimir Makei

he Forum gathered policy makers, experts, representatives of public organisations and journalists. In fact, a record number of participants were registered over the three working days, with over 450 people from 22 countries discussing the situation in Belarus and prospects for development, at plenary sessions and thematic working groups. The extended discussion demonstrated that Belarus and the European Union hope to leave behind the lost years of inefficient isolation and to move closer to each other. The Head of the event, Rainer Lindner, emphasised, “In the coming few months, events are to occur which will shape Belarus’ future. The country’s joining of the Eastern Partnership programme, aggravated conflict between Belarus and Russia, the consequences of the economic crisis and the forthcoming presidential elections significantly influence today’s situation, which is being closely followed by neighbouring European states. Not long ago, the European Commission

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proposed a joint intermediary plan of social-economic reform, which would have contributed to the political and economic rapprochement of Belarus and the European Union. At the same time, Russia concluded the Customs Union with Belarus and Kazakhstan, aiming to attract these two states into establishing a single economic space.” Evidently, we are on the eve of a new stage in relations, as noted by Mr. Makei. He said, “There’s no sense in attributing blame for lost opportunities. It’s important to take note of the unused potential of our co-operation, for the benefit of all Europeans. I’m pleased that this process has already begun. However, many further steps are needed to reach good relations. Judging by the dynamics of the processes taking place in Belarus in all spheres, change has occurred in dialogue with the European Union over the past two years, differing significantly from that of the ‘isolation’ period. The Belarusian leadership’s course of reform is unchangeable, so there will be no regress in relations with the EU.

Modernisation and democratisation will continue, as is inevitable for such an open state as Belarus. However, changes must occur from within rather than being imposed from outside.” Mr. Pofalla, in turn, assured those present that the EU is ready for full scale co-operation with Belarus. He believes that additional conditions are required but that the attitude towards Belarus has changed in recent times. He admitted that the EU’s interests are served by stronger relations with Minsk and noted that shared values are the only reliable foundation for collaboration. Much was spoken of policy at the 13th Minsk Forum, whose theme was Belarus and the EU after Crisis. The economic aspects of our co-operation were studied in detail during plenary sittings and within working groups. Mr. Lindner noted that not all parties agree that the crisis is over but that certain objective facts regarding our economic liaisons prove that Belarus and Germany are now trading more actively. In comparison to last year, investments have also

Artur Prupas

Minsk Forume

General topic of XIII Minsk forum “Belarus and EN after the crisis” is still acute

risen. Over the last five years, BelarusGermany turnover has risen by over 60 percent. German interest in the Forum was evident, since major German institutes, public associations and business structures — such as Commerzbank — were in attendance. The Head of Commerzbank’s Financial Institutions, Per Fischer, delivered a speech on Belarus’ need for direct foreign investments to ensure financial stabilisation. Of course, no concrete agreements between businessmen were expected, as the event was designed only as a forum for debate and information sharing. Contracts are likely to be signed in Frankfurt am Main, which is to host the Belarusian Investment Forum. It is the financial capital of Germany and, perhaps, Europe. This will be the logical continuation of dialogue begun at the 13th Minsk Forum. Minsk primarily invites the EU to eliminate obstacles to free trade, as noted by Valery Sadokho, of the Foreign Ministry’s Department for Trade and Investment. He stressed, “We have

many problematic issues regarding Belarusian products’ access to the EU market.” He explained that research into anti-dumping measures continues, as prohibitive duties have been operational regarding the supply of potassium chloride to the EU for the past 18 years. “These restrictions were initiated when a large number of companies were trading in potassium chloride; now, everything is under control and we have a single structure to oversee exports. Despite this, the situation has remained unchanged,” he noted. Additionally, very heavy duties are applied to carbamide-ammoniaс mixtures and autonomous quotas exist on textiles. Mr. Sadokho also noted some positive trends. Not long ago, the Agriculture and Food Ministry agreed to help Belarusian enterprises certify their products, aiding export to the European market. “Political aspects may be important but Belarusians tend to be worried about their personal standard of living and security. Belarus leads the CIS in such matters,” he added.

In turn, the Head of the Department for European Co-operation at the Foreign Ministry’s Chief Department for Europe, Roman Romanovsky, spoke of economic co-operation in the context of the EU’s Eastern Partnership initiative. He emphasised that, eighteen months after the project’s launch, the organisational stage is complete, with practical action now expected. Belarus is keen to see regional projects established within this initiative, focusing on construction of underground gas storage facilities, oil transportation, the preliminary exchange of electronic customs data and the development of road infrastructure. ‘In this respect, we propose to jointly develop a list of Eastern Partnership strategic projects, whose realisation will bring long-term benefits to regional collaboration,” stressed Mr. Romanovsky, adding, “So far, we can say that the Eastern Partnership has brought no tangible advantages to ordinary Belarusians in terms of, for example, visa matters or the development of small and mediumsized businesses.” The visa issue is coming to the fore more often these days, as Belarusians believe that the EU is fencing itself from its eastern neighbours, creating a ‘Berlin Wall’. Minsk Forum has done much to solve this problem, with support from the German Foreign Minister, Guido Westerwelle. He noted in Berlin recently that ‘drastic reconsideration of the visa policy’ is needed regarding Belarus, among other states. Of course, visas cannot be abolished overnight but, as the top ranking politician notes, he is ready to initiate the necessary steps. In early 2011, Belarus and the EU are to begin negotiating a simplified visa regime, reduction of visa costs and readmission, explains the Latvian Ambassador to Belarus, Mikhail Popkovs. No doubt, many problems still require solutions but the general mood of Minsk Forum shows that real change in European-Belarusian relations is close at hand. By Igor Slavinski

2010 беларусь.belarus

Investments

Business character,

or Belarusian investment forum in the context of new partnership possibilities Andrey Giro, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Belarus into Federative Republic of germany, answers to the questions of the magazine

беларусь.belarus 2010

Vitaliy Gil

ear Mr. Ambassador! How does the Belarusian Investment Forum in Frankfur t am Main differ from the similar event which took place two years ago in the financial capital of London? Has there been any progression? Attracting direct foreign investments is a priority for most global exportoriented states. Only a few countries, being rich in minerals, can ensure sustainable development exclusively from domestic resources. Accordingly, the Belarusian Government’s decision to organise another Investment Forum was no surprise. In fact, it was a logical move, with the programme aiming to show the liberalisation of the economy, the simplification of business procedures and the privatisation of state-owned sites. Our major task is to attract the attention of potential investors, not only from Germany but from other states, showing them that Belarus offers unique opportunities. We rely on creating attractive conditions for setting up manufacturing and doing business, stressing that we offer a gateway to sales within the new Customs Union. In addition, we have an advantageous geographical position and a highly qualified workforce. Belarusians are known for being hard-working, disciplined and organised, while being able to work within a social market economy. They are decent and orderly.

Liberalisation, the simplification of the taxation system, privatisation and legal guarantees for investors are improving the investment climate in Belarus. These have laid the foundation of succession at the forums in Frankfurt am Main and London. We’d like to continue speaking to investors in the language which is clear to them in the financial capitals of continental Europe. The 2009 Investment Forum in Minsk must be mentioned too. That in Frankfurt am Main is the third in a row but the first such major event in Germany. In London, in 2008, the event was organised during the global financial crisis. Meanwhile, that in Germany is taking place under different circumstances; we are now overcoming the consequences of the

crisis. Belarusian Eurobonds are bright confirmation of the world’s emergence from financial difficulties. Deutsche Bank, headquartered in Frankfurt am Main, helped with their issue. These and other factors — such as GDP growth in Germany reaching a record of 3.5 percent by late 2010 — allow us to hope that Western investors will show interest in our region, and in Belarus in particular. T h e ‘d e m o n s t r a t i o n’ o f t h e Belarusian economy is a kind of premiere, with many hearing of Belarus for the first time. However, many were already aware of Belarus’ economic potential, since Germany has long since mastered the Belarusian market. Presenting our opportunities is simply the icing on the cake. What is the aim of the Belarusian Investment Forum in Frankfurt, in the present political and economic context? B elarus is no longer a ‘blank spot’ on the map of Europe for the German political and economic elite. Moreover, the intensive development of dialogue at various levels shows that we don’t occupy last place in Germany’s ‘Eastern policy’. This year alone, Belarusian and German foreign ministers met twice officially. Hanover has hosted the second Belarusian-German Energy Forum, while Berlin saw the sixth session of the Belarusian-German Council for

Investments Economic Co-operation. Germany was visited by business circles from Minsk and Vitebsk Region, while German entrepreneurs paid a return visit to Belarus. Over 350 companies with German capital are successfully operating in our country, while almost a hundred German firms are represented, alongside the GermanBelarusian Economic Club and the German Economic Office in Belarus. However, we have no desire to stop there. Naturally, competition doesn’t stand still, so we need to keep up. Accordingly, we decided to organise our investment forum in Germany this time, since it’s the country with the most powerful economy in the EU. I’d like to stress another, no less important, aspect; the Belarusian Investment Forum is taking place as part of Euro Finance Week — the largest event in Europe’s financial life, which annually gathers about 10,000

exporter of advanced technologies to Belarusian industry? To what extent is Germany helping the technical reequipment of Belarusian enterprises? Our data unambiguously testifies to Germany’s leading role in the modernisation and technical re-equipment of Belarusian enterprises. Over the last decade or so, we’ve been purchasing tools, high-tech equipment and the latest technologies from Germany, worth $1bn annually. This explains the traditional negative balance of bilateral trade, but imports from Germany are justified, since they enhance our export potential. Our German partners have helped us modernise and master the production of new manufactures: at the Belarusian Steel Works, Integral, Minsk Tractor Works and Grodnokhimvolokno. Alternative energy is among the most promising directions for our interaction, since German firms are

The Forum's major task is to present Belarus during Euro Finance Week, as a unique place for foreign investments. With this in mind, the active partcipation of potential investors from Germany and other UN and global states would be the most significant result for us participants from all over the globe. As a result, the presentation of our economic possibilities is aimed not only at German businessmen and financiers. It aims to attract the attention of all participants of Euro Finance Week. Our practical tasks are evident: we want potential investors to learn more about our country, asking questions of t he he a ds of t he B el ar us i an Government and communicating with Belarusian businessmen. They can establish useful contacts, while outlining promising areas for cooperation and liaisons with Belarus. We also aim to sign concrete agreements and contracts in coming years. Germany is viewed by Belarusians as a key partner for economic modernisation. Is it justifying its title as an

globally acknowledged as leaders in the manufacture of equipment for harnessing solar and wind power, biomass and other renewable energy sources. With the help of German firms, B elarus has been constructing its first wind park and bio-gas facilities. Our country has been building enterprises to process hous ehold indust r ia l waste and to produce modern construction materials, using advanced technologies developed in Germany. In fact, German technologies are present in every production sector of our economy, being reliable, delivered on t ime and coming wit h hig h quality technical service maintenance contracts. This is highly appreciated by Belarusian customers.

Which proposals have Belarusians taken to Frankfurt am Main? The Belarusian Investment Forum is organised according to thematic sections, with plenary sittings. The former allow Belarusian participants to present their proposals on investment co-operation. Belarus’ National Bank and Finance Ministry oversee the sections devoted to banking activity and the investment attractiveness of our financial market. In turn, infrastructure development within the Customs Union of Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan in the field of transport, logistics, construction and tourism is being discussed during the second section, supervised by the Transport Ministry, the Construction and Architecture Ministry, the Tourism and Sports Ministry and regional executive committees. Other sections are devoted to promising investment areas involving industry and agriculture, energy efficiency and ecology, and renewable energy sources. We believe this format will allow participants to discuss proposals from Belarus in a business-like manner, with potential investors able to share their expertise on how these ventures might be realised. Experience of organising similar events in Germany proves that contacts behind the scenes are no less important, with liaisons made during breaks, receptions and business lunches. We are hopeful of success, since the largest public organisations are our partners; flagships of German industry. The Committee on Eastern European Economic Relations is our major partner — an influential organisation boasting wonderful contacts among the political and economic elite of Germany, with experience of working in our region. In addition, we’re liaising with the Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce and the German Economic Office in Belarus. The Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology is our official partner from the German Government. In Frankfurt, organisational issues are being managed by Maleki Conferences GmbH, which

2010 беларусь.belarus

Investments has been organising Euro Finance Week for the past twenty years, gaining a perfect reputation. All these factors should create a bright framework for the successful org an is at i on of t he B el ar u s i an Investment Forum. Who is taking part on the German side? Are they well known, reliable partners or are we seeing new faces? Which areas of co-operation are of most interest to them? The Forum in Frankfurt am Main is planned as an international scale event. We are not planning to limit the number of participants and don’t expect only to see well known faces. We’d like to see the participation of businessmen who are really interested in developing co-operation with Belarus and who will use the opportunity to discuss concrete projects. Naturally, we’ll be glad to welcome t hos e w ho’ve b e en successf u l ly operating on our market for a long time and are ready to share their experience and proposals. Quite often, the positive responses of famous companies and corporations encourage new-comers in deciding how best to invest in a certain country. Apart from potential investors, we expect to see the heads of the Eastern Committee of the German Economy, the German Exchange, the German Union of Chambers of Industry and Commerce, famous banks, consulting and rating agencies and international economic organisations. Among the themes which are of primary importance for Forum participants are investment conditions within the Belarusian economy, practical issues regarding the functioning of the Customs Union, the Government’s privatisation policy and wider use of renewable energy sources. German companies are most interested in the promotion of their products to the East, while we are eager to set up new facilities, attracting German technologies and money. This union enables us to hope that strategic interests will coincide. German busi-

беларусь.belarus 2010

nessmen are expanding their sphere of economic influence, while we aim to fully realise our potential as a transit state, connecting the European Union with our partners within the Customs Union and CIS. The Belarusian Investment Forum in Germany is taking place for the first time since the Customs Union of Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan has come into existence. How is this new Union influencing the business plans of our German partners? The Belarusian Investment Forum will answer this question. No doubt, the formation of the Customs Union has aroused true interest among German businessmen. Our Embassy has received dozens of inquiries regarding terms of delivery for ready-made products, parts and components, as well as terms governing the production and distribution of manufactures produced within the territory of a Customs Union member. To fully inform businessmen about the Customs Union, conferences and round table discussions have been organised in Germany, with specialists from Belarus’ State Customs Committee attending, to answer the most complicated questions. German businessmen are extremely interested in problems relating to the mutual recognition of certificates and permissions and the customs documents needed to import goods into the Customs Union. The development of modern logistical infrastructure is vital, so our German partners are delighted to hear about the construction of several dozen large logistical centres in Belarus. Giants such as German Railways and Lufthansa Airline are keen to help realise these projects. No doubt, the simplification and speediness of customs clearance of cargo should enhance interest from Western businessmen, inspiring greater co-operation with our country. E-declaration and unification with European documents, as well as

construction and modernisation of customs terminals along the BelarusEU border and clear and professional work by customs officers, should also positively influence business activity with Customs Union states. The idea of establishing a single customs space is also believed to be progressive. German businessmen are used to a lack of borders and customs barriers, in trading with their EU

Competitive products of joint Belarus-German enterprises

partners. Any action which simplifies such procedures and accelerates cargo movement is heartily welcome. In order for participants of the B elarusian Investment Forum to receive answers to all their questions regarding the Customs Union, the Forum’s organisational committee has invited the Executive Secretary of the Customs Commission of the Customs Union of Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan, Sergei Glaziev, to participate in the Frankfurt event.

Investments Another important step is finding sources of renewable energy. Being a European leader in sun, wind, biomass and gas power, Germany is ready to share its experience and modern technologies. Belarus is now building its own wind park and bio-gas facilities, while relying on the wider use of local fuels. This doesn’t contradict our desire to reduce our dependence on oil and gas. Our strategic goals are obvious: we wish to avoid reliance on a single provider, while reducing consumption of oil and pursuing sources of renewable energy. With this in mind, one of the sections of the Belarusian Investment Forum is dedicated to innovations in this field. We expect to see a keen exchange of opinions regarding major trends in alternative energy development. Possibilities for experience exchange and implementation of new developments in this field will be receiving our attention. A law on alternative energy in Belarus, inspired by decades of German experience, is in the final stage of its adoption. It is hoped that it will be approved by the House of Representatives’ deputies during the autumn session. Apart from this, in my view, Belarusian participants of the Forum will be interested in the financial issue. It’s no secret that the prime cost of an energy unit generated from renewable sources is much higher than that produced from natural gas. We can learn from German experience regarding the state’s guaranteed purchase of all energy generated by solar, wind and bio-gas facilities, while taxing companies which offer cheaper nuclear energy at a higher rate. What results are you expecting from the Forum in Frankfurt am Main? The Forum’s major task is to present Belarus during Euro Finance Week, as a unique place for foreign investments. With this in mind, the active participation of potential investors from Germany and other EU Belta

Germany drives Europe’s energy security policy. Which aspects of this field are under focus at the Forum? S i n c e m o s t Eu rop e a n s t at e s depend on a relatively small number of suppliers of energy resources, the problem of energy security is ever more topical, as seen at the G8 and G20 summits, and at numerous conferences and symposiums. The Bilateral Energy Forum plays an important role in Belarusian-German dialogue. Its second sitting took place

on April 22nd, 2010, in Hanover. The major focus of energy-related dialogue is the enhancement of energy efficiency. The Germans justly view efficient energy consumption as the most promising path to energy security. In this respect, Belarus is keen to study and implement German experience regarding energy saving technologies, the production of new generation white goods (consuming less electricity)and the use of modern construction materials with improved heat insulation.

and global states would be the most significant result for us. We hope to enhance interest in our country among businessmen who have previously disregarded Belarus as a promising partner (for various reasons, including following established stereotypes). We’d like to show our production potential, our reliability and our stability to the global business community, alongside our professional business attitude and guaranteed protection of foreign investments. Naturally, we well understand the psychology of European investors, who tend to conduct thorough analysis of the situation before making a decision. They ask for the opinions of independent auditors and famous consulting companies, while visiting potential sites. Only then do negotiations take place. The Forum primarily aims to encourage them towards this step. We’ll openly and honestly explain how our country has created the necessary framework for investment activity. We’ll report on the recently established National Investment and Privatisation Agency, showing how it will become a reliable partner for new investors as they enter the Belarusian market. It aims to help solve all issues facing those setting up new businesses. New possibilities are opening up to investors wishing to work in Belarus and within the Customs Union and we want to make these known. Meanwhile, we want to hear the opinion of our partners — present and potential — regarding Belarus’ investment climate. It would be wrong to expect the signing of large investment contracts with new partners during the Forum. However, we won’t object to seeing well-known partners prepare new agreements. We’re expecting a detailed exchange of opinions, substantial discussion and the establishment of new contacts, as well as the development of existing ties. Welcome to the Belarusian Investment Forum in Frankfurt am Main! Thank you for the interview! By Nina Romanova

2010 беларусь.belarus

Belta

Vision

The mobile complex of the border terminal supervision “Novoe Guto” is always busy

Customs service giving the green light

The customs service celebrated its 19th anniversary. Alexander Shpilevsky, head of the state customs committee shared with us new plans and prospects On creating business conditions

Every year, Belarus’ economic ties expand, with our companies finding new partners. Trade turnover is growing and, unsurprisingly, increased demand is placed on the customs service. What do businesses need at present? Primarily, they need prompt and efficient customs procedures. They need to know exact times for delivery, while reducing paperwork on describing goods and need unified terms of delivery (meeting international norms). Accordingly, we must utilise the latest infor-

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mation and communication technologies. “The creation of favourable conditions for doing business is the goal of modernising the customs service,” says Mr. Shpilevsky. “Our customs service needs to work jointly with the entrepreneurial sector, under real time conditions. We need constructive and open dialogue. It’s a path we are following, with a public council uniting customs officials and representatives of business circles already established.” Six hundred companies have the status of conscientious participants of foreign

economic activity. They all are able to access top-priority customs clearance and boast some other advantages, enabling them to significantly cut costs relating to the transportation and storage of goods. The strategy of customs development is largely guided by analysis and risk management. The efficiency of certain customs operations has risen 8-fold, while the number of customs examinations has fallen 5-fold. On the ‘one-stop-shop’ principle and reconstruction of border checkpoints Mr. Shpilevsky stresses that innovations are helping the Customs Union integrate the work of exporters, carriers and importers. The ‘one-stop-shop’ principle is among those measures which aim to optimise control at border checkpoints. The repetition of work is being eradicated, with various services working together, to ensure efforts aren’t duplicated. “This principle logically fits the state system of e-trade,” notes Mr. Shpilevsky. Of course, innovations can’t yield positive results without the necessary material base and infrastructure. Accordingly, the largest border checkpoints, supervising major cargo traffic, have been reconstructed: Kamenny Log and Kotlovka (on the Belarusian-Lithuanian border); and Kozlovichi, Varshavsky Most, Bruzgi

Construction and Berestovitsa (on the Belarusian-Polish border). In October, the Benyakoni road checkpoint is to reopen after reconstruction, on the border with Lithuania. The technical means of control are also being revamped. Under the EU TACIS trans-border co-operation programme, the customs service has received five modern mobile x-ray scanners, for inspecting large trucks. There are plans to acquire modern scanners for all border checkpoints.

On e-declaration

The Customs Committee is continuing itsworktointroduceane-declarationsystem, with results already in evidence: companies have reduced losses while customs clearance time has fallen over 8-fold — standing at just 10-15 minutes. “The implementation of a national automated system of e-declaration should enable us to significantly improve Belarus’ rating within the World Bank’s classification system, measured in time, expenses and complexity of customs clearance,” emphasises Mr. Shpilevsky. Another important project has been launched — е-customs; this is being realised as part of the national strategy of the information society’s development. According to Mr. Shpilevsky, technological improvements should allow customs clearance of goods to be re-located to their place of manufacture and consumption and to the 13 new logistics centres which are being built.

On revenue and counteracting crime

Modern methods are being used to counteract crime, based on risk management and post-audit measures. Additionally, technical equipment is in use and we now have a dog service. “Admittedly, no state can completely eradicate smuggling and other trans-border crimes alone,” muses Mr. Shpilevsky. “With this in mind, 26 intergovernmental agreements on co-operation and mutual assistance in customs matters have been signed and are now being implemented.” Another positive trend is being observed. Since foreign economic activity has increased, the state budget is receiving more customs fees: over Br7.2 trillion. By Igor Stroev

Parus rises heavenwards First Belarusian skyscraper to welcome residents by late 2011

onstruction began on the business class apartment block — romantically named Parus (meaning sail) — last autumn, in Minsk. Work is now in full swing on the 32 floored building, with 14 storeys already rising above the city. The first four are to host administrative premises, including offices, shops and beauty salons, while the underground floor is to boast parking for every resident. The top two floors will be penthouses. The 133m skyscraper is notable for its design and modern, technological solutions, h av i n g c l i m at e control air conditioning and ventilated facades. The building is to be insulated against street noise

and is to boast high-speed quiet lifts, and extra noise insulation between flats and floors to minimise disturbance. Alarm and security systems are being installed, with video observation and guards. Parus’ delicate architectural style is matched by its high-tech construction and facilities — such as high-speed Internet access and satellite television links. Meanwhile, an automatic monitoring system controls the skyscraper’s temperature and humidity relative to the city’s environment — as is now common practice all over the globe. Parus is the first stage of the long term ‘Multifunctional Business Centre in Maxim Tank Street’ project. By 2014, another elite building will be operational nearby, in addition to a hotel, parking and a trading centre. By 2020, the Centre will be complete, boasting modern houses, hotels and offices. An 80-storey skyscraper in the form of a stork (Belarus’ symbol) is to crown this mega-complex and the whole of Minsk. By Oksana Shikut

Design of a future business class building

2010 беларусь.belarus

Trade

Pros and cons of virtual market Large stores are set to launch online shopping although some customers are sure to continue preferring personally visits to the shops. The number of Internet shopping sites grows annually, inspiring the need for a site uniting many shops. This would save time and allow us to browse more effectively

nternet shopping is proving very popular abroad, with about 90 percent of the population making purchases from their sofa. Until recently, it was fashionable to order furniture or clothes from catalogues. Now, the Internet has encouraged us to turn to websites instead. B elarusians are beginning to learn the benefits of shopping online, although our number is much lower than in Western Europe or the USA. Of course, it’s important to be able to trust the site you are buying from. This

Georgiy Shablyuk

Internet sales gaining popularity

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remains a stumbling block for many of us, who doubt the authenticity of the seller and their products. We anticipate problems in the transaction, not to mention the use of ‘electronic money’. Nevertheless, the launch of online versions of existing large shops can inspire us to give such shopping a try. The advantage is that usual trade rules are followed, with cheques submitted and guarantees provided. Moreover, customers can phone the shop’s customer service centre to ask questions. Unlike some other shops, large department

stores represent stability; buyers don’t need to worry who to address if any questions arise regarding products of poor quality. There is still some way to go before online shops can offer the same range as that available in ‘real’ outlets. “It doesn’t make sense to offer footwear to online buyers, since people like to touch shoes and try them on,” asserts the departmental head of Brest’s Central Department Store, Denis Kotsyura. “With this in mind, we’ve chosen products which enjoy the greatest popularity among buyers: white goods, bicycles, toys, musical instruments and furniture. White goods are most popular of all.” Minsk’s Belarus Department Store primarily offers domestically-produced refrigerators, freezers and TV sets online, while Na Nemige’s Internet shop sells popular TV and radio goods, bags, suitcases and aerials (at the same prices as in its retail outlet). These large stores aren’t yet seeing huge volumes of online sales but more customers are visiting these virtual shops to view and compare prices before making their final purchase. Trying this for ourselves, we discovered that many products in Brest

News

Passengers in ‘net’

are priced lower than those in Minsk (online or in the ‘real’ shops). Brest’s Central Department Store sells an Atlant СМА 50С102-000 washing machine for Br892,300 — while it’s closer to Br1m elsewhere. In turn, a Vityaz TV set at Na Nemige costs less than at the company’s branded shops.

By late 2010, some inner-city shuttle buses of Minsk to have Internet

Door-to-door delivery

At present, a glitch in Internet shopping seems to be the problem of delivery for heavy goods across Belarus. The larger retailers offer home delivery within their own city but will usually refuse to deliver outside of their ‘catchment’. The expense of such delivery is prohibitive; even city residents seldom use this online service. Minskers are the most active buyers from Brest’s Central Department Store but seldom realise that over 400km separates them from the products they’ve chosen. Door-to-door delivery to Minsk is not even available, being far too expensive. However, large private online shops are ready to deliver heavy goods — such as refrigerators and TV sets — from Minsk to any city throughout Belarus. This customer service is driving sales. Moreover, once a certain number of sales have been registered to a particular city, delivery costs fall. A refrigerator can usually be delivered to a city located over 200km from the capital for just Br57,000. Additionally, payments can be made by cash, card, e-money transfer or credit. In this respect, state run department stores’ online shops lag behind, not offering wide delivery. Will they soon catch up with the service offered by private companies? Specialists have calculated that Internet trade will continue to grow, since 30 percent of the population are already regular Internet users (over 3m people). Over 2,500 online shops are registered in Belarus (most private) but large, state-run shops are gradually joining the market, realising the future potential for sales. By Yelena Pokrovskaya

Provision for solid future Belarusians spending more on leisure and cars

or the last 15 years, Belarusians have been spending a falling share of their income on food (1.5 times less over the period) and more on nonfood goods and services. “People have more money now, so can spend more on leisure and relaxation,” explains the Dean of the Belarusian State University’s Economy Department, Mikhail Kovalev. “Almost each of us has a mobile phone and we’re spending far more on cars, furniture, computers and other ‘investment’ purchases.” According to Mr. Kovalev, this trend is likely to continue, with expenditure on food products falling as incomes rise. The Professor notes that Belarusian residents are eating as well as those from EU states these days, while spending less on their utility bills. To ensure a stable future, we must learn how to save money, since Belarusians save slightly less than their counterparts in some other countries.

oon, passengers of inner-city shuttle buses will be able to expand their entertainment on route. Reading, playing mobile phone games and looking through the windows will be supplemented with an interesting new activity. By late 2010, some routes will have access to the Internet. The idea was recently discussed at the Business Internet-2010 conference. This will be implemented by one of the largest Belarusian autocentres, jointly with a mobile communication operator. “The cars will be equipped with wireless Wi-Fi access, necessary to access the global network,” explains the autocentre’s marketing service staff. “Passengers will be able to log on using any device which supports this technology — i.e. a notebook, a mobile phone, an e-book or a tablet computer. High-speed 3G Internet will be available.” Other countries are already experimenting with the Internet services on passenger inner-city routes. Vilnius has recently introduced 15 trolley buses equipped with wireless connection free of charge. The innovation aims to enhance the popularity of public transport.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Vitaliy Gil

Labour market integration

Traumatologist Seyed Usef Goltabrisi has been working for five years in surgery of the regional outpatient department

Useful business commencement Every year, the number of foreigners wishing to work in Belarus grows

ince early 2010, about 3,000 have arrived — almost a thousand more than last year. What attracts them and do they compete with domestic specialists?

Doctors from abroad

At Minsk’s student polyclinic number 33, a queue has formed near the traumatologist’s room, in the surgery department. Some patients complain of back pain while others have broken a leg or their hand. “I stepped badly, turned my ankle and now have a strain. The doctor has just taken off the plaster and prescribed an ointment,” sighs a student

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from the Belarusian State Technological University, Yelena Davidovich. When asked the name of her doctor, the girl stumbles. It’s no wonder, as his name is no simple Sergey Petrovich or Anna Ivanovna. He’s Seyed Usef Goltabrisi, born in Iran. He spent his childhood there, joining the army after school and taking part in the Iran-Iraq war. After it ended, he decided to leave his country to continue studying. “At that time, in the early 1990s, it was almost impossible to enter a university in my homeland. I moved to Minsk and, after completing language courses, entered the Remedial Department of the Medical Institute (now known as the Belarusian State

Medical University). I’ve been working at the polyclinic’s surgery department for five years. It’s sometimes a difficult job, as I examine about 60 patients each day. However, it was my goal, which I pursued. As a student, I learnt the language for a long time.” Rakan Zadzh is from Jordan. He received his higher education there but moved to Minsk four years ago to train, graduating from the Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University. He then began a career as a sales manager and currently works as the deputy director of a shop. “I had no great prospects in Jordan but the situation is different here. I have no plans to return to my native country,” he admits, adding, “I met Svetlana about three days after my arrival and we married two years ago.” A Lithuanian with a Belarusian family name — Svetlana Tomilina — is unafraid of difficulties. She was born in Vilnius but, later, moved to border-neighbouring Postavy, with her parents and older brother. This year, she graduated from Vitebsk’s State Polytechnic College and is now working as an engineer-programmer. “I

Society

By Yuri Bakerenko

Deliberate decision Belarus is the best CIS state to be a mother, according to Save the Children — an independent international organisation

ave the Children has assessed the situation for women and chi ldren in 173 count r ies, looking at health and education, as well as the economic and political environment. Belarus is ranked 33rd on the Mother’s Index, leading among CIS states. Meanwhile, Russia is ranked 38th, followed by Ukraine (39th) and Moldova (40th). Contemporary Belarusian girls are less likely to feel they must marry, with the age of first marriage rising as a result. The National Statistical Committee of Belarus notes that, in 2000, this figure stood at 22.8 years for women and 25 for men. By 2009, this had risen to 24.2 and 26.4 years respectively. The trend is evident across Europe, w it h t he ave r age age of first brides exceeding 30

years in Sweden (which shared third place with Iceland). In most states, this figure has reached 27-28 years. As we might expect, the average age at w hich women are giving birth to their first children has also risen. Ten years ago, the average age for first births was 23.3 years; by last year, it had risen to 24.6 years. Recently, Belarusian women have embraced the idea of raising families, with 1,900 more babies born last year than in 2008. According to the National Report of the Belarusian Economy Ministry’s Scientific and Res earch Economic Institute — Status of Achieving the Millennium Development Goals — presented this year, our republic is ranked among those states with a low rate of maternal mortality. In 2009, this stood at just one case per 100,000, approaching that of developed countries. According to specialists, the data indicates that Belarus ‘has achieved the Millennium Development Goal of lowering the maternal mortality coefficient and has fulfilled the goal of the World Heath Organisation, set for the European region’. By Yekaterina Razumova

It is a great honour to be a mother with many children

Be lta

have two motherlands,” Svetlana smiles. “My job and family are in Belarus, while relatives and friends live in Lithuania. I’ll probably return to Vilnius one day in the future but have no such desire as yet. Life there is more expensive. Moreover, I’m scared of the level of unemployment in Lithuania.” Valentina Korenik has spent most of her life in another Baltic state — Latvia. She was born and grew up in Daugavpils before graduating from her local Pedagogical University as a teacher of mathematics. Several years ago, she decided to change her life and moved to Braslav, where she works at the local centre of children’s arts, teaching 8-15 year olds floristry. Her old hobby is now her profession, bringing both pleasure and an income. Every foreigner has their own fate and path to Belarus. The trend seems to be that a growing number of people from abroad are arriving. About 140,000 foreigners (and those without citizenship) currently reside in Belarus, with over 25,000 having permanent residency. Most arrive from Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, China, Latvia and Lithuania. Where are they employed? “In the countryside, most work in agriculture,” explains the Head of Lelchitsy district Executive Committee’s Ideology Department, Sergey Gavrilovets. “There are many job opportunities, and we’re especially short of workers during harvest time — in autumn and spring. This is why many foreigners work as shepherds, stock breeders and crop growers.” Another trend, from recent times, is for foreigners to take specialised jobs requiring higher education. “Most European countries face the problem of a drop in the share of working-age citizens. There’s a struggle for resources — including labour,” stresses the Head of the Interior Ministry’s Department for Citizenship and Migration, Alexey Begun. “It’s clear that, primarily, we’re interested in highly qualified specialists and, best of all, they should be trained for branches in which we’re short of our own Belarusian staff: construction and agriculture.”

2010 беларусь.belarus

Sceince

Neuro-computer without disadvantages

Belarusian scientists develop technology to allow computer to work like a human brain

he Belarusian National Te c h n i c a l Un i ver sity ’s Scientific-Technological Park — Polytechnik — has recently presented the first domestic computer with a ‘neuro’ prefix. Computers are often criticised for being too logical and artistically inflexible, but this new neuro-computer models a different system, operating like a human brain, thinking laterally. This avoids the usual shortcomings. The highly productive ‘Radimich’ machine is to help solve various medical, scientific and military tasks. The head of the project, Mikhail Tatur, tells us about the development in detail:

беларусь.belarus 2010

What is a neuro-computer exactly? We have scientific schools and organisations dealing with neuron networks countr ywide. Artificial neuron networks resemble the human nervous system, using programmes, as is usual with computers. We’ve discovered an original hardware solution which is efficient and inexpensive. What is the advantage of these neuro-networks? You might have a serious intellectual task which needs solving quickly. A criminal database comprises several million files, so finding a fingerprint or photo match can take time with a

traditional computer, even if it takes only a millisecond to look at each file. Meanwhile, a neuro-computer can process the data in parallel, rather than successively, doing this in real time. A supercomputer can do this too… Ye s . ‘ S K I F ’ c o m p u t e r s , f o r example, can solve similar tasks but they’re very expensive. Our innovation is a portable co-processor which can be attached to a usual computer via a standard interface, for solving sp e cif ic intel le c tua l t asks. This neuro-processor emulates the work of 16-32 or more artificial neurons (nervous cells). Where w ill this computer be applied? It could be used to solve scientific problems or ‘sensitive’ tasks, such as identifying signals in radio intelligence. Additionally, it could help doctors in their diagnosis. Recently, we attended a conference in Spanish Salamanca, reporting on our results. The Canadian team invited us to participate in the European ‘FP-7’ programme, joining a medically themed consortium. Which paths might computer technologies follow in the future? Most likely, bio-computers will be common. Can you imagine: living tissue will be used in each processor instead of artificial neurons! People could have chips inserted into their own bodies. Realistically, there are various new applications about to be launched: graph processors; intellectual systems of video processing; and neuro-computers. Belarus has every chance of joining the world’s hightech leaders. By Vladimir Strelkov

sceince

Laser beam opens up new possibilities National Academy of Sciences’ Physics Institute finishes development of laser pincer

Belta

he unique device can manipulate micro and nano- particles, with the help of a laser beam, forming new structures and creating materials with improved properties. New possibilities are opening up in the fields of industry, microbiology, chemistry and medicine. Doctors will be able to use the technology to diagnose and treat various diseases, while conducting operations on the smallest cells of the body.

Euroopt being popular with shoppers

Demand on proposals Scientists from the NAS’ Economiс Institute conclude that retail networks in Belarus are in their infancy

The Belarusian laser pincer should be ready soon, going for laboratory tests conducted jointly with colleagues from Saudi Arabia. The latter are to assist in assembly. Practical application should then begin. The laser pincer could become a major instrument allowing Belarusian scientists to make new discoveries in the field of bio- and nano-technologies. Unlike traditional instruments applied in cytology, it is more accurate in seizing and holding micro-particles, allowing more ‘construction’ operations to be conducted at nano-level. By Olga Belyavskaya

n NAS retail trade survey shows that steady development in the domestic consumer market over the past decade is rooted in rising retail turnover, an improving material and technical base and new sales techniques. However, the scope of domestic retail remains modest in comparison to Europe, where retail networks a c c ou nt for 6 0 - 9 0 percent of turnover. Scientists note that Belarus is quite cautious in admitting foreign investors i nt o t h e d o m e s t i c market, wanting to protect the countr y’s national interests. In some states, such investment has led

to loss of revenue, with capital exported and foreign companies able to exert a monopolistic influence on the national economy. This infringes upon the interests of citizens employed in retail. However, some believe that the further liberalisation of trade would inspire domestic retail development. A growing number of market players are already competing in this segment, with prices, convenience of location, parking availability and range of products inspiring competitive advantages. The NAS’ report notes Eurotorg JSC n e t w o r k’s s u c c e s s (operating under the ‘Euroopt’ trademark). Possessing all of the above mentioned advantages, the company is increasing its efficiency by establishing its own logistics centre; this will reduce costs, allowing prices to be reduced. Moreover, the company will be better able to control its range and quality.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Education

Sensibility of tradition-keeping Rector of High School Republican Institute, Mikhail Demchuk, believes we can participate in Bologna Process

el ar us’ E du c at i on Ministry is applying to join the Bologna Process but is still pursuing its own developments in the educational sphere. Professor and Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences Mikhail Demchuk, Rector of the Belarusian State University’s High School Republican Institute and a corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences, tells us, “The Bologna Declaration fixes ten basic principles for pan-European education, including transition to a two-level system of higher education, the introduction of quality assessment (by credits) and the realisation of the social role of higher education,

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with greater accessibility and uninterrupted schooling.” Belarusian higher educational establishments have operated a twolevel system for over a decade but this only came into law On Higher Education in 2007. The first level traditionally created specialists meeting the standards of Soviet era higher school certification, rather than a Bachelor’s Degree. Since Belarus already boasts an efficient labour-force of specialists, the system clearly works well and is retained throughout most transitional countries, including CIS states. Belarus’ second level of higher education traditionally comprised post-graduate courses, with many focusing on the field of science, but

this is now being changed to embrace more practical specialties. Some believe conformation with the Bologna Process could reduce education at elite universities to an ‘average’ level. What are the disadvantages? We could see talented young people leaving the country due to the increased mobility an additional European-style diploma will bring. Many students already take part in exchanges, studying at foreign universities; about 1,500 at present. It’s a well-managed system. However, student mobility for its own sake lacks sense; it needs to fulfil a real goal. We already plan to send hundreds or, even, thousands of young people to Russia and other countries for training — as we need specialists in nuclear energy. Kazakhstan is currently training 5,000 students abroad but we

need only 1,500-2,000 to be taught in new fields abroad, to enhance our potential. Assessing the consequences of Belarus’ joining the Bologna Process, we may see our national interests become subordinate to the strengthening of global co-operation. We may also see our first level education reduce in quality, due to reduced terms of study, while becoming more expensive, due to the transition to international accreditation. B eing an experienced Rector, what traditions in the field of higher education do you wish to preserve? The leading universities of the Soviet Union were strong and competitive on the international arena, boasting powerful scientific schools headed by leading scientists — working both in theory and practice. In recent years, they’ve shifted away from these traditions, affecting their rating and authority. Their strength lay in their fundamental teaching of basic subjects — especially the natural sciences. These were strongly fixed in state targeted programmes and were used by Europe as an example. Our higher education state programme for the next five years aims to preserve the positive experience of the Soviet higher school, as do other fundamental documents. The Bologna Process does not need unif ication. Europ ean higher education can develop while preserving and co-ordinating various n at i on a l e du c at i on a l systems.

Vitaliy Gil

Leading higher education establishments preserve and strengthen existing traditions

Belta

Education

Important mission Education one of the most dynamically developing spheres in the country

elarus is among the top 30 states (occupying 28th place) with a high level of human potential, boasting over 10,000 educational institutions and employing over 440,000 teaching staff. Belarus is second only to France in bringing all its educational laws under a single code (being considered by parliamentarians at the autumn session). According to Kazimir Farino, Belarus’ Deputy Education Minister, all ten educational standards are being fulfilled, with instructions from the Government and the Head of State being fully realised. Early this year, Br770bn was allocated to strengthening the material and technical basis of our educational establishments, with most funds being spent on constructing new institutions: at present, 177 such sites exist, including sports facilities, kindergartens, schools and new hostels… Of course, it’s important to financially reward the work of teachers so, November 1st, the salary of all public sector employees increased by over 30

percent, significantly raising teachers’ salaries. Meanwhile, ten teachers were given state awards this year, with over 1,800 staff awarded ministerial gratitude letters and merit badges; the importance of morale should not be underestimated. Mr. Farino notes that attracting men into this profession remains a challenge; they account for just 15 percent of the total. The Education Ministry is aware that school paperwork needs to be streamlined but, according to Mr. Farino, the Ministry has done all it can to optimise this process, minimising correspondence between the Ministry and schools. The problem seems to be local, rather than national. Since educational texts are supplied centrally, it’s unreasonable for criticism to be levied at schools regarding shortcomings. A professional group of writers is working on new editions, supervised by experts. “Moscow had an experienced school of educational writers but Belarus is currently the only post-Soviet state to establish its own dedicated team of such authors. They perform just as well as their Russian colleagues, even when writing textbooks in Russian. Our country hasn’t bought educational literature from abroad for over five years, although we used to receive railway carriages full of textbooks.” By Irina Yurchenko

2010 беларусь.belarus

EXPO-2010

Clear facts of success A record number of countries (192) took part in Shanghai exhibition

‘Better City, Better Life’ was the slogan of the World EXPO, which finished in Shanghai on October 31st. Each participating country had the rare opportunity to show the best of itself, creating its image for the world community

t was the first time that Belarus was taking part in such an event, boasting a separate pavilion entitled ‘Building a Future on the Traditions of the Past’. Cosy cities, nestled between clean lakes and green forests, where people live happily, is how we wish to be perceived; it is how we hope those who visited our pavilion at the EXPO now see us. We attended to see how our Chinese visitors liked our Belarusian values.

Big policy

The World EXPO in Shanghai was of global importance, with every partici-

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pant keen to show themselves to best advantage. China was eager to demonstrate its international influence, as at the Beijing Olympic Games of 2008. These two grand events had difference agendas, of course. During the Olympics, China wanted to show itself pleasing the world community; at the EXPO in Shanghai, the rest of the world wanted to impress China. At the Expo Park, countries arrived ready to show their achievements; competition for the attention of the host country was a serious business. China has underlined its desire to occupy a leading place in the developing

world, acting as a patron. With a record number of states participating — 192, joined by 50 international organisations — it’s clear that the world is ready to concede this role to China. Even the poorest countries took part. The People’s Republic of China allocated significant funding to allow the poorest countries from Africa and Asia, South and Central America to take part, paying for their pavilions. North Korea, for example, was taking part in such an event for the first time. Why did China do this? The answer is simple: it’s keen to benefit from African resources while taking on the role of a world leader. Of course, other countries also had their own goals but interests were primarily economic. Although EXPO isn’t VDNKh (Exhibition of National E conomic Achie vements) or an industrial trade fair, the promotional event undoubtedly boasted a tradeeconomic accent. The Expo Park was daily visited by Chinese businessmen and foreign delegations, each searching for potential business partners. They discussed projects and set up contacts, forming ties which could bring real benefits in the near future. Many countries would like to take on the role of a bridge between

mikhail pinjevckiy

EXPO-2010

Evident success of Belarus

China and other regions worldwide. The Regional Development Agency of Spanish Catalonia organised its ‘Catalonia — Gateway to Europe’ presentation, while the Portuguese pavilion noted that Portuguese is spoken in Brazil and parts of Africa. The Head of the Foreign Trade and Investment Agency stressed that his country can help Chinese enterprises gain access to the EU market, alongside t h at of Br a z i l , an d Por tu g u e s e speaking Africa. Estonia and Cyprus emphasised their geographical advantages, with Estonia ready to become a trans-shipment base for trade between China, the EU and Russia. Meanwhile, Cyprus l au nche d a maj or campaign to attract investments, called ‘Cyprus — a Bridge between Europe and the Middle East’. It’s truly beneficial to be a bridge. The tennis player Vladimir Samsonov together with Chinese tennis admirers

Long queues in front of Belarusian pavilion

Some countries can never become brid-ges, because of their geographical location, so presented other attractions to China. Mexico, for example, c on du c t e d a ‘We e k of M i n e r a l Resources’, inviting Chinese mining enterprises to invest in the mining of rare minerals, promising privileged terms. South American Chile, despite being rich in natural resources, offered the joint development of forestry, rather than its minerals and metals. Columbia was offering $18bn of state infrastructure projects, alongside franchising projects in energy and mineral extraction. The

Chinese, keen on resources, were taking great in-terest.

Record-breakers

Naturally, when the whole world gathers in a relatively small space, a competitive air ensues. Shanghai saw states battling for visitors’ attention, with queues waiting for hours to view some pavilions. Several celebrated their millionth visitors, showing their popularity. Some fascinated visitors with the latest technologies or an extraordinar y appearance; others tempted guests with their cuisine. Many set records during this competitive struggle. T h e Sp an i s h pavilion looked rather like a very expensive basket, with almost $30m being spent on it; 8,000 wicker panels in brown, beige and black were handmade by craftsmen from the province of Shandong,

2010 беларусь.belarus

EXPO-2010

At the Asian square: “Moom Boat” of Saudi Arabia (in the centre) and the Indian pavilion with the biggest bamboo dome ever in the world (in the left)

forming a material symbol of ChineseSpanish friendhip. The British pavilion was among the most alluring and distinguished, looking like a fluffy dandelion or hedgehog. ‘ The Seed Cathedral’ consisted of 60,000 rods measuring 7.5m in length, each thin and transparent and containing seeds: a symbol of preserving life on the planet. After the exhibition, the seeds are to be planted throughout China, becoming a symbol of Chinese-British friendship. Another very popular pavilion (to the surprise even of its creators) was that of Saudi Arabia. Some visitors waited for up to nine hours, creating a record for the longest queue, to enter the ‘Moon Boat’, which looked like a boat or flying saucer. Inside, a space the size of two football fields was used as a great, panoramic 3D cinema, with a conveyor belt taking visitors on a twenty minute journey as they watched a film dedicated to Saudi Arabia: its nature, history, traditions and modern achievements. Another record (for the Guinness Book of Records) was set by the 40 tonne dome of the Indian pavilion, being 34.4m in diameter and made from bamboo. This symbol of ChineseIndian friendship used bamboo from the province of Jiangxi, soaked in a special solution to make it invulner-

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able to insects or fire and warmed for a week to allow it be bent into shape. Of course, the number of visitors was the major record of EXPO. Three weeks before its finish, the number of visitors exceeded 65m (against the previous record of 64m); by the end, almost 70m guests had attended, with a new record of daily visits set: over 1m people on October 16th. The Chinese are curious about nature and are always eager to learn more about the world. Their curiosity generated the unique figures.

Breaking stereotypes

Some countries used the EXPO to try and change stereotypes. Russia succeeded particularly well in this, with its pavilion devoid of the usual b e ars, vo dka and ‘matr yoshkas’ (Russian wooden dolls). Instead, visitors queued 3-4 hours to see the well known character by writer Nikolai Nosov, Neznaika ‘Neznaika in Sun City’ was the chosen theme, being surrounded by giant flowers and bright colours. The idea delighted everyone, despite being so unexpected. Belarus’ other neighbour, Poland, chose a different path, aiming to increase the number of Chinese tourists from 100,000 in 2009 to 500,000 at EXPO-2011. Placing the accent on recognisability, the

pavilion was made in the technique o f ‘ Wy c i n a n k a Po l s k a’ ( p a p e r weaving reminiscent of the Chinese folk art of paper cutting). Their pavilion restaurant offered ‘pelmeni’ (stuffed boiled dumplings), which were also rather familiar to local guests. Commenting on their Polish dragon figure, Slawomir Majman, the Commissioner General of the Polish pavilion, noted, “Our Wawel Dragon has flown to visit its older brother — the Chinese dragon.” China evidently enjoyed the role of ‘older brother’: one it has nurtured in recent years.

Personnel of Belarusian pavilion with the 2-millionth visitor Van Tzeva

mikhail pinjevckiy

EXPO-2010

Chinese pavilion “Sunrise Crown”

Blue lake country in the Heavenly Empire

Belarus had no need to struggle against stereotypes, since none exist in China regarding our country. Rather, as recognisability needed to be improved, our major function was educational. We were keen for all visitors to our pavilion to form a strong opinion of the country. Ivan Naidovich, the Director of the Belarusian pavilion, noted before the EXPO began that forecasts of just 700,000-1,000,000 visitors had been made for the whole

British pavilion “Seed Cathedral” was compared to a dandelion or a hedgehog

period. Naturally, such predictions are made to be broken and modest expectations invite the joy of exceeded hopes. In fact, over 5m people visited in total, with guests being given a definite impression of our state, at once emotional and aesthetic. Belarus is beautiful, bright and cheerful. Now, five million people harbour positive associations on hearing the name of our country. They will recollect our pavilion and smile, thinking, “Good people live there.” Whi le p e ople are of ten f irst judged by their clothes, World EXPO pavilions are assessed by their façades. If a competition were held for the most photogenic façade (considering the number of photos taken against its background) then the Belarusian pavilion would be among the leading candidates for victory. The World EXPO was a wonderfully festive event, with visitors returning home with illustrated albums and bags of purchases. As was the case in many others, the Belarusian pavilion had a souvenir shop, with a long queue there every day. Preparing for our trip to Shanghai, we calculated which domestic goods might sell best as souvenirs. Chinese demand turned out to be both pleasing and surprising. Traditional items made

from straw and linen were taken, but the greatest hits were ‘Luch’ watches, crystal ware and spatter glass goods, as well as Dobrush porcelain. The Chinese were eager to buy anything manufactured beyond their country’s borders, since these items seemed exotic. Of course, it’s always viewed as prestigious to own such artefacts; they are material proof of having visited the world famous event! The World EXPO hosted Belarus’ National Pavilion Day on October 11th — the most vital day for any pavilion. It began with the solemn raising of the national flag. Military o rc h e s t r a t r u mp e t s p l ay e d t h e Belarusian anthem and protocols were exchanged between China’s Vice Minister of Supervision, Wang Wei, and our Commissioner General of the pavilion and Belarus’ Deputy Prime Minister, Viktor Burya. Mr. Wei visited Belarus five years ago, but still remembers Belarusian cordiality and hospitality, as well as our blue lakes and green forests: everything reflected in the Belarusian pavilion. “Our friendship has ancient roots,” noted Mr. Wei. Mr. Burya stated that ‘the Shanghai EXPO has been the greatest event in the history of World Expos’ and that Belarus’ participation had been extremely fruitful. By Inessa Pleskachevskaya

2010 беларусь.belarus

Education and practice

Call of sea Belarusian State Agricultural Academy students Timofey Goncharov and Victor Murzov have just returned from a long sailing trip. Their internship on a Krusenstern four-masted barque has taken them across the North and Baltic seas, visiting many countries while acquiring Russian friendsand learning to navigate by the stars

nt e r n s h i p s f o r B e l a r u s i a n students have been negotiated with the Baltic Fishing Fleet State Academy for the past year, although each trip costs 1,500 euros per head. However, an exception was made for Timofey and Victor, whose fees were largely paid by the Russian side. Vladimir Volkogon, Rector of the Baltic Fishing Fleet State Academy and a candidate of economic sciences, tells us that the Belarusian partner university only paid for each sailor’s outfits, their travel to Kaliningrad and back and food during training. “It was very difficult to choose just Summer in the open sea

two boys from our University, since all are active, excellent students and sportsmen,” admits Yelena Davydovich, who headed the internship from the Belarusian side. “Ever ything was taken into account: discipline, health and, even, the opinions of their peers. As a result, Timofey and Victor were selected.” Ms. Davydovich didn’t accompany the young boys to Kaliningrad. They were met by Yevgeny Ignatik, the Russian head of internships, at the maritime city’s airport. He took care of our interns during the voyage as if they were his sons. The boys first spent two weeks at a training centre in Kaliningrad, being taught how to survive at sea and how to behave during storms. Without this preparation, no one can be taken aboard. Fourth year student Timofey Goncharov is studying ‘industrial fishing’ at the Zoo Engineering Department while Victor Murzov is a future land surveyor. The internship was useful to both of course. Timofey has been studying the fish species being caught while Victor has studied the navigation systems being used onboard. The boys’ daily schedule was quite strict, with cadets waking at 7am, even at the weekends, to take morning exercise on deck; they ran along the quay when anchored at a port. Even in temperatures of 40+ Celsius, they were obliged to wear their sailor’s uniform. However, they managed to see the cities of Polish Gdynia and German Kiel, as well as the unique architecture of Norway and wonderful landscapes of Sweden. They visited German Bremerhaven, where their Krusenstern barque was built in 1926, and took part in several regattas. They even visited the famous Parade of Sails in Amsterdam, organised once every five years, with breathtaking fireworks each day to honour the event. The students spent 56 days at sea and 34 days in various cities. By Irina Minkevich

беларусь.belarus 2010

Recreation

CouchSurfers: pre-history

American Casey Fenton came up with the idea in 2000, having bought a cheap ticket to Iceland without a place to stay. Casey decided to send letters to over 1,500 Icelandic students asking for help

need to feel confident of the person they invite into their home from the earliest stages of communication.

Security issue

Of course, there is a potential danger in inviting a stranger to stay (or in visiting someone you don’t know) so a special system of review is operational on the site. Hosts and their guests share opinions on each other after their meeting. If a surfer’s profile has positive reviews, then

Holidaying exchange Lovers of independent travelling-CouchSurfers — visiting Belarus more than ever and received replies from several groups of young people who were ready to show him Reykjavik. After spending a bright weekend in Iceland, Casey decided not to bother with tourist agencies any more and launched a website to unite like-minded people from all over the globe. It provides information on ‘free sofas’ and now unites over 1,600,000 people from 25 countries, according to Wikipedia. It offers intercultural exchange and a society of people open to mutual assistance.

How to join

You can join the community via the Internet’s www.hospitalityclub.org, which oversees contacts between surfers — who primarily use English as their language of communication. You don’t need to be a fluent English speaker; school level studies are usually sufficient to start correspondence and settle all organisational issues for your future trip. Members are asked to provide as much information as possible, since this raises the chance of invitations; people can be wary of those who don’t show much of their personality in their ‘portfolio’. They

Caterine Shaposhnikova

ost of us love travelling. However, while most prefer to buy a tour from an agency, in the traditional way, others make friends online and decide to visit them.

problems are less likely. We meet a few CouchSurfers, who share their opinions on the project.

Personal experience

Oksana Rakutina, a host at Stalitsa radio station: I learnt about CouchSurfing from my friend, who hosted a young man from Manchester, Steve, last year. At that time, he’d been travelling for six months already, visiting Germany and Poland. He planned to go to Ukraine after Belarus. The story seemed incredible; I could hardly believe it possible to visit so many countries and cities on a small budget. However, I liked the idea very much. I love travelling, so CouchSurfing attracted me. It’s helped me connect with so many people, who I chat to online. I’ve already met some of them and have hosted Ramzan from Romania, Valclav from the Czech Republic and Marco from Italy. CouchSurfers often visit Belarus. I’ve seen photos taken by Vaclav and his friend in Belarus and was surprised that they’d managed to capture it in so much detail. They cycled round, stopping at villages and small towns. Their photo report of Belarus is very picturesque.

Yelena Timoshenko, an English language teacher: I’vevisited12countriesandhave almost always stayed with CouchSurfing members. In most cases, they’re interesting and educated, speaking English. I now have friends in Germany, Slovakia and Estonia. When travelling, I improve my foreign language knowledge and can now speak good German, although it proved tricky for me at University. I’ve also many times welcomed guests to my house. My most wonderful memories are connected with Polish Kasia and Agnieszka, from Wroclaw, who initially planned to spend just a couple of days in Belarus but adored Grodno. We walked through the city all night and met the sunrise. My friends prepared a master class in pottery for them, so the girls returned to Poland with souvenirs they’d made with their own hands. Pavel Ole inik, a stude nt at the Belarusian State University: CouchSurfing is for independent travellers. I’m able to plan my own route and, being a student, it’s perfect that I don’t have to spend money on accommodation or guides. Of course, I’m also ready to accept guests. I feel pleased that people want to get acquainted with Belarus. Why shouldn’t I help them? I’ve kept in touch with five people I met in Austria. By Darya Gushtyn

2010 беларусь.belarus

Solemn traditions

Festive calendar Modern holidays transport us to the past and look into the present

t’s interest ing to lo ok at the origin of today’s festive calendar, since the events of the past clearly shape our state, professional and folk holidays, now celebrated countrywide. Each has its own fascinating biography. In the early Middle Ages, several principalities were situated within the modern territory of Belarus, with Polotsk being the most powerful.

It reached its height under the rule of Vseslav the Magician (Vseslav Charodey) who even ruled in Kiev for some time. In the mid 13th century, one of the most powerful states in Europe was established — the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (including today’s Belarus and some parts of modern Lithuania). Vilnya was its capital (modern Vilnius).

In the 13th-14th centur y, the territor y of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania significantly expanded. By 1420, it occupied 687,000 square kilometres (not counting the Black Sea marshes). Modern Lithuania comprised just 10 percent of this am ou nt , w it h m o d e r n U k r ai n e forming 33 percent, Russia — 23 percent, and Belarus — 30 percent. In 1569, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Kingdom merge d to cre ate a ne w fe dera l state: the Rzech Pospolita. Later, the Russian Empire annexed Belarus and, during the 1812 War, the country suffered great ruin: as the Russian troops retreated and, then, during the retreat of Napoleon’s army. Following this destruction, many local residents emigrated to North America. An independent Belarusian state revived in the early 20th century but remained divided until 1945. It was only after the Great Patriotic War that Belarus received its modern borders. From 1922 to 1991, it was known as the B elarusian State Socialist Republic (part of the USSR) and, in 1991, the Supreme Council adopted the Declaration of the State Sovereignty, proclaiming Belarus’ independence. Despite a painful historical past, Belarusians love traditional celebrations, creating an atmosphere of festivity.

Major days

Ceremonial honor guard is a frequent participant of celebrations

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Belarus’ festive calendar c u r re nt ly b o a s t s ove r 9 0 state, professional and folk holidays, including t hos e celebrated globally and ones which are unique to the re publ i c . St ate hol i d ay s revere significant historical events and priorities of state policy, such as the Day of the State Coat of Arms and the State Flag, Constitution Day and Victory Day. Mothers’ Day is a new state holiday in

Solemn traditions

Since ancient times

Of course, state and professional holidays require an official approach and dignified celebrations, but folk holidays allow free expression. The latter allow true celebration. With its rich history, Belarus enjoys a diverse calendar of folk holidays. Rather then celebrating Pancake Day as other countries do, Belarus has Maslenitsa, with its own weeklong series of pagan rituals. Another beautiful holiday from the past is Kupalle — celebrated on the night of July 6th — 7th, honouring the summer solstice. Our forefathers gave thanks to nature for the fertility of the land, while young couples jumped over the fire to purify their souls. Young girls would undertake activities to try and foretell the identity of their future husbands, throwing their floral headdresses into the river; their final resting place indicated whether they’d soon marry.

Meanwhile, it was thought that pagan god Peroun sent his fire to the fern, allowing it to bloom at midnight — just for a few minutes. Finding the magical flower would, temporarily, bestow special powers ensuring good fortune and omniscience. Students’ Day — celebrated on January 25th — also has its traditions. It began under Russian Empress Elizaveta, who signed a ‘Decree on the Establishment of a University and Two Gymnasiums in Moscow’, on January 25th, 1755. Since then, St. Tatiana has been the patroness of students.

New trends

In recent years, more days have b e e n a d d e d t o B e l a r u s’ f e s t i v e schedule. St. Valentine’s Day is a recent addition from the 1990s, encouraging lovers to declare their feelings publicly, with gifts and flowers. Belarus has also introduced its own version of International Museum Day, with museums countrywide opening through the night. Gomel’s Palace-and-Park Ensemble organises a wonderful dance each year to celebrate. Car Free Day is another novelty in Belarus, as is International Beauty Day, which is humorously celebrated by dozens of beauties running in heels. The Dutch Flower Parade, Italian Tree Day and Spanish La Tomatina have also inspired Belarusian cities to create their own culture of celebrations. Lida has its own beer festival while Slutsk honours the potato and the Buda-Koshelevo district has an autumn holiday of kites, creating unforgettable impressions for the residents of this small town. Gomel has its own holiday celebrating kind deeds: from planting a tree to helping an unwell child. One city school has dedicated the Day of Smiles to this holiday. At the end of the year, a special commission awards a prize to the person having shown the greatest kindness of the year. By Violetta Dralyuk

Belta

Belarus, celebrated on October 14th, allowing motherhood to receive the attention it deserves. Professional holidays honour certain vocations and date from Soviet times; Belarus’ existence as a sovereign state has only changed the dates of some of these. Among the professions honoured are doctors, lawyers, drivers and customs officials. The ancient Day of Millers is celebrated on October 25th, while November 14th is Blacksmiths’ Day. Even today, the craft of blacksmiths remains much respected. During the Slavonic Bazaar in Vitebsk song festival, organised each year, the Ball of Hephaestus takes place, featuring the mastery of blacksmiths. They show their talents in transforming metal into flowers, butterflies and, even, hats. Of course, some holidays have lost their relevance over time while others, such as Mothers’ Day, have emerged. Life changes and so do our festivals. The next holiday receiving considerat ion is t he D ay of t he Entrepreneur.

Festive celebrations

2010 беларусь.belarus

Culture of cooking

Coffee… with kolduns How much does ‘Belarusian cuisine’ cost and when will it become fully commercial?

insk alone now has about 50 sushibars while the number of Italian restaurants is even greater. Experts say that the country lacks cafés offering Belarusian cuisine and the same situation

— far from ideal — is observed in neighbouring states. However, Lithuania boasts several large restaurant networks focusing on local culinar y traditions. Ukraine, Holland, D e n m ar k an d ot h e r Europ ean countries are following the same path.

Legacy of the past and spirit of the present

Enthusiasts advise the setting up of cafés offering Belarusian kolduns (potatoes filled with meat),

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w h i ch t he y b el i e ve wou l d b e a success. However, professional businessmen are less than keen. Material culture historian Dr. Ales Bely notes, “Consumers know very little about true national Belarusian cuisine. Meanwhile, there are few specialists among restaurateurs, national festival organisers or technologists at food companies who are interested in widely promoting the idea.”

Objective reasons lie b ehind today’s situation: for many decades, Belarus has not studied or developed its national cuisine at a conceptual level. Practice shows that national cuisine gains domestic popularity when its uniqueness is stressed to foreign guests. Unsurprisingly, in Lithuania (which annually welcomes about 3m tourists — one for every citizen) the number of restaurants offering local dishes is steadily growing. B elarus welcomes just 100,000 foreign visitors annually, with each spending a meagre 200 Euros (on hotel accommodation, dinner at a restaurant and standard souvenirs). It’s difficult to offer Belarusian dishes to foreigners, since the choice seems small, but there are ways around this dilemma. Kolduns are akin to ravioli, so a café could become competitive if it offered a wide choice of fillings and sauces. Dr. Bely, a true expert on the history of Belarusian cuisine, notes that traditional knysh (rolls with different fillings) ‘emigrated’ abroad to become part of fast food — eaten daily by the average American. Few

News

Agrarians to grow ‘green’ foods

realise that these rolls originate from Belarus. Of course, the country’s cuisine can only be studied with the k now l e d ge t hat t r a d it i ons have b ecome intermixed. It’s hard to distinguish Belarusian cuisine from that of Lithuania for example and there’s no doubt that our dishes are influenced by Russian and Ukrainian traditions. Belarusian-Lithuanian Tatars, Poles, French, Italians and Brits have also contributed.

Belarusian farmers taught organic agriculture

The process continues

The interaction of cultures has grown under conditions of globalisation. Meanwhile, various countries, including those in Europe, have been actively defending their national traditions. The trend is gaining momentum and affects Belarus to some extent. “I’m pleased that, in the last two years, I’ve not only focused on writing a book and giving interviews. I’ve provided consultations to firms making alcoholic beverages; it’s a practical aspect of my work,” admits Dr. Bely. He believes that a splash of initiative in promoting B elarusian national cuisine will soon be observed. With agro-ecotourism development, our national cuisine is gaining popularity. The Motol Delicacies culinary festival is a bright example, hosted by Brest region’s Ivanovo district for the third year in a row this year. The event is organised with the direct participation of the local administration, with public organisations and enthusiastic businessmen helping preserve our cultural heritage, alongside many other individuals. Most experts agree that the process of promoting B elarusian cuisine is moving in the right direction, although it remains slow going. The notion is acquiring concrete meaning and, soon, local restaurants and cafés should be expanding the list of national dishes on their menus. By Tatiana Kostina

Fast food Australian style Minsk visited by Executive Chairman of Muzz Buzz Franchising, Warren Reynolds

r. Reynolds plans to open at least 200 fast food spots in Belarus in the coming five years, using local resources — construction materials, technological equipment and food. The official shared his plans to join the Belarusian market in his talk to the Chairman of the Belarusian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Vasily Romanov. The Australian businessman plans to visit our country in January 2011 next, while, in March-April, he is to bring a group of Australian businessmen (headed by Perth Mayor Lisa Scaffidi). Another important aspect is the possibility for bilateral training of company heads as part of Australia’s state programme on specialists’ exchange. This was also discussed during Mr. Reynolds’ meeting with Belarus’ Economy Minister, Nikolai Snopkov. The businessman stressed that this exchange would be beneficial from economic and cultural points of view alike, since ‘cultural values in our countries are extremely similar’.

c c ord i ng to t he Pro g r am me D i r e c t o r o f t h e C e nt r e f o r Environmental Solutions, Yevgeny Lobanov, the project is due to be implemented jointly with Swedish Coalition Clean Baltic. “A school for farmers is being set up to teach the major methods of organic farming, avoiding t he us e of chemica ls,” explains the expert. Farmers will be joined by state owned and private agricultural companies to study world experience. Mr. Lobanov notes that domestic agrarians are keen on such events. The project is now being registered, with its launch planned for the near future.

Organic farming avoids synthetic fertilisers, pesticides, regulators of plant growth, feed additives and genetic modification. Previously, the Ministry for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection declared t hat t his branch should receive attention, insisting on a detailed assessment of land which could be used for the project. Pilot organic farming projects are only possible if local agrarians show interest.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Festivals rarities

Unique world of Polesie First Festival of Folk and Cultural Traditions — Call of Polesie — gathers in Petrikov district’s Lyaskovichi representatives from every Polesie area, each presenting unique samples of local culture: from culinary art and songs to fishing methods and basket weaving

he preser vation and revival of unique customs is one of the festival’s goals but the organisers — Gomel’s R eg iona l E xe c ut ive C ommitte e, P e t r i k o v ’s D i s t r i c t E x e c u t i v e Committee and Pripyatsky National Park — hope for even wider results, believing that, as people discover Polesie for themselves, the local economy will receive a boost. During the event, all 3km of Lyaskovichi’s quay was occupied by crafts centres and thematic displays dedicated to crafts and customs.

Aloizas Yunevich

Polesie rarities mosaic

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Each of Polesie’s eleven districts did their best to show their distinctive character, with varying degrees of success. While plastic sunflowers stood behind masked performers, others displayed true Polesie folk crafts, showing them alive and well in our modern world, rather than as ‘dead’ museum exhibits. Much of the folk art on display was unique: car ving, wicker work and weaving. Often, one particular village, rather than a definite district, is known for a particular craft, with some tools being the only ones of t h e i r k i n d . It’s

easy for these to be lost, so preservation is vital. Sadly, most of masters at the event were far from young… The ‘Fishing’ display caught my eye and I asked who the boat belonged to. Men standing nearby seemed d i s g r u nt l e d , t e l l i ng m e , “Wh at boat! It’s a ‘choven’!” Apparently, the vessel is a local wonder, thought to have been used over a thousand years ago to transport people to today’s Polesie area. Local partisans also used them and, since the earliest days, their construction has remained almost unchanged. Ancient tools are still used, since no one produces new tools. Just as a thousand years ago, each ‘choven’ is made from a single piece of oak, giving the vessel supreme powers of endurance. They can be used for over a century without rotting. Uns u r pr i s i ng ly, t h e y ’re ve r y heavy. I tried to move one without success. “Does it float on the water? Won’t it sink?” I wondered. Leonid Shvets, 48, from the Zhitkovichi d i s t r i c t ’s P e r e r o v t o l d m e , “Steamboats are made of steel and they don’t sink!” I pleaded for a ride and Mr. Shvets invited me aboard. Since the ‘choven’ isn’t flat-bottomed, you have to balance carefully as you get in and rowing isn’t as easy as you might hope. Guided by Mr. Shvets, I tried my hand. Once the

traditions Festivalse technique is mastered, this vessel is worth its weight in gold to local hunters and fishermen, since it can take paths inaccessible to modern motor boats. Mr. Shvets is one of t he fe w masters still able to car ve these wonders, taking a month to make a single ‘choven’ (besides time spent finding an appropriate tree). The cost is estimated at about Br1m. Speaking of how many orders he receives. Mr. Shvets notes ‘there are not many but still I have some’. I spotted someone carr ying a rustic basket, bought from a crafts stall, in addition to a jar of small porcini mushrooms. There was so much to see and take part in: a fishing contest and wood chopping tournament, as well as a divers e and intensive musical programme. The Chairman of the festival’s organising committee, B elarus’ Deputy Prime Minister, Ivan Bambiza, views the first Call of Polesie as a good starting point for future events. “Next year, we’ll significantly expand the festival, attrac ting neig hb our ing Polesie people from Ukraine.” Twenty nine tourist companies w e re i nv it e d t o Ly a s kov i c h i a s observers, allowing them to assess whether it’s feasible to organise tours to this beautiful region. The answer seems obvious… By Andrey Novikov

Weddings to any taste Traditional marriage registration replaced by ancient customs at Belarusian registry offices

First time in the history of contest Vitebsk’s amateur choreographic ensemble wins two Grand Prixes at International Orpheus in Italy Children’s Contest

ast year, registry offices began offering tailored services inspired by ancient customs, with special musical accompaniments provided — such as Ogiński’s polonaise instead of Mendelssohn’s march. Employees from registry offices have been studying wedding traditions from around the world. In particular, this year has seen a ‘blacksmith’s wedding’, a ‘Cossack wedding’, a ‘Polish wedding’ and a wedding in line with ancient customs called ‘Yadnanne Molodykh’ (uniting the young couple). The ‘Polish wedding’ is most popular in the Grodno region, based

he forum gathered participants from 15 countries, with the children’s teams demonstrating singing, dancing and circus performances, in addition to pictorial art pieces. Z ork a e ns e mbl e, f rom Viteb sk , participated in the senior and junior ‘choreography’ nominations (14-16 year olds and 12-14 year olds). The young talents performed modern folk pieces, with each group taking a Grand Prix from the jury. It was the first time that a single team has won both awards. Vitebsk ensemble’s mastery was also highly praised by organisers of the International Television Festival from Poland, who have invited Zorka to take part in their forum in May 2011. The ensemble’s rich repertoire includes dances from around the world, choreographic miniatures and modern dance. However, Zorka primarily focuses on B elarusian national dance.

on Polish customs and traditions: the parent’s blessing, oaths of love and fidelity; and the showering of the newly-weds with rice and coins. The ‘blacksmith’s wedding’, organised in Lida, has a blacksmith fastening the union of the couple with special chains, to bring them luck and a happy family life. Gomel recently hosted a ‘Cossack wedding’, with the couple blessed inside a Cossack Circle. Vitebsk residents conducted a ‘Yadnanne Molodykh’ wedding, paying respect to parents, with presents and advice given to the newly-weds, congratulatory songs sung and the manufacture and painting of the first family utensil — a clay jug. The whole wedding ceremony was accompanied by Belarusian folk songs.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Thanks to destiny

Belta

Art personality

Boris Zaborov’s exhibition in Minsk — a creative homecoming

Our countryman, Boris Zaborov, is one of the most famous artists in the world. He now lives in Paris but visited Minsk to participate in the opening ceremony of his personal exhibition at the National Art Museum of Belarus

s a world-known artist, galleries not only in Europe but worldwide are keen to hang his works. They sell for tens of thousands of euros today but there was a time when he was unrecognised. Boris Zaborov was born in Minsk, and grew up there, developing as a painter and graphic artist. He also mastered his skills in Leningrad and Moscow.

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The easiest way to learn about Boris Zaborov is from the Internet, where a great number of his paintings are also available for viewing. Of course, we can’t appreciate their true beauty in this form, since the tones and shades disappear. Mr. Zaborov sees painting as his vocation, though it was not always the case. His expressive illustrations appeared in Minsk in the 1960s and 1970s and did not go unnoticed but

he does not highly rate the works of those years. However, even back then, they had their own, unique character. Z ab orov pre fe rs to show h is recent, Parisian period, although specific Parisian features are hard to recognise. His works are tied to their place of origin by invisible threads and, despite differences in genre, all his works on show in Minsk are united in theme and technique. Most

personality Arte are landscapes and portraits — or figure compositions — and bear simple titles, such as Old Woman Near the Window, Family Portrait, and Girl in the Space. Nevertheless, he tackles grander themes and abstractions; each painting explicitly shows his personality. The deeply private character of his works is immediately apparent and they can even be viewed as selfportraits. Their primary purpose is not to portray the inhabitants of the past but, through a historical prism, to help us to view the past in a new way. What can be more attractive to an artist than his own personality? Zaborov is known for his large ego: ever shifting and developing. In Paris, his new late development, as we must admit, occurred r api d ly an d w it h out d i f f i c u lt y. This fact makes him distinct from those painters who were obliged to emigrate. Neither the sudden appearance of his Parisian influence nor his local artistic flavour interfered with his pan-European recognition. Landscapes hold a prominent pl ace in his rep er toire, t houg h his works do not bear traditional French landscape motifs. We see broken-backed huts, barns and squat granaries under bulky thatched roofs: Barn, 1995; Barn and Cart, 1997; and Barnyard, 2008. His impressions in the first half of the 1980s took him back to his youth, as they still do now, inspiring him to create images lost in time, explicit in every detail. These minutiae seem important but, in fact, only gain significance from the fact that they are not inspired by what he saw at the time. Rather, these images come from deep within his psyche. Curiously, Zaborov’s landscapes exist separately from humankind, a lt houg h t he y s omet imes deig n to co-exist with animals. In Horse (1983), the beautiful, four-legged creature stands still before breathtaking scenery. His white mane glows

in the moonlight, almost mystically, while the landscape is filled with pale clouds and enigmatic darkness. We are transported to unforgettable impressions of childhood. Boris also favours his Parisian period for its absorption of what went before; he wants to appear before his countrymen to best advantage, as he also desires to appear in France — his ‘third motherland’ after Belarus and Russia. Fortune took him from Minsk, through Leningrad, Moscow, and again through Minsk … before settling in Paris.

themes suit a lack of colour and, for the most part, drawing dominates. When colour is added, some of the power of his work can be lost. Looking at faded old photos of nameless ancestors, it can be hard for us to feel any real connection, despite the obvious reality of the subject. We cannot help but compare such works to modern day photos: in magazines and on T V. These offer not only increased brightness and contrast but can catch a moment with immediacy impossible in any other format. Oldfashioned photography required

I perceive the past as the only reality. It is removed from us by time, but this allows us to view is objectively, while present day is bustling and ephemeral. As for the future, we can only use our imagination. My memory feed my artistry We are fascinated by colour : at the cinema, on television, and elsewhere. Even our newspapers are now published with colourful photos. The cult of colour is hardly surprising, since our world boasts the same palette. Of course, colour has always existed in art; those artists who prefer to work in monochrome are rare. In the first decades of its existence, cinematography was black and white. Later, the technolog y appeared, but was too expensive to use every time. Costs became equal, b efore it ac tua l ly b e come more expensive to shoot in black and white. Recently, the trend has been to rerelease old reels of film with the addition of colour, although it seems to render them more trivial. Against this background of modern culture, Zaborov’s distinction is founded in his sparse use of colour; sometimes, it’s completely absent. He knows well that some

excessively long exposure, with faces frozen in tense poses. They appear static and, hence, lose personality. Characters in old pictures tend not to arouse curiosity today, unless the subjects are celebrities. Perhaps you need to be an artist with a special talent to empathise with their distant lives. Certainly, we expect far more from our modern photographers, who are called upon to capture the essence of our personality. For many years, Z aborov has been attracted by the personalities of his characters. Perhaps, they become simplified when he brings them onto canvas. He says, “From the moment I start filling the canvas with texture, it becomes more complicated. As I work, I break the picture into smaller elements. If I could logically complete this process, I’d achieve the ideal — the absence of image.” Moving to France coincided with the artist’s growing interest in old

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Art personality photographs. After emigrating, this interest was supported not only by nostalgia for the country he had left behind but by an unexpected creativity that newly appeared, inspired by new temptations and hopes. He aimed to revive faded images, those shadows of forgotten ancestors. Zaborov had already collected old photographs in Minsk; in Paris, he came across an album in his luggage and began to scrutinise each face. At that time, he didn’t need much money to enrich the collection and it wasn’t hard to find remarkable examples at flea markets and

second-hand booksellers in Paris. Interesting studio materials were found in piles of nameless reprints and documents. Old photographs from family albums attracted him almost hypnotically, as if they were engaging in conversation with the artist. Their imprint was transient, long since faded and, of course, they had never reflected any major aspect of history. Nevertheless, these images attracted Zaborov’s attention as an enticing visual stimulus. Photography as a fine art had been developing for almost 150 years. Much in his painting depends on the context in which his figures exist. He usually places them within a mundane scenario although, occasionally, a heroic setting is chosen. This can add internal tension to the picture. In Double Portrait with Doll (1993), the characters are separate, facing apart; the central position is occupied by a doll. It appears out of place, sitting between an old man and an old woman: a metaphor for dissension and long lost youth. Zaborov r e j e c t s polished finishes in favour of imperfection, choosing to include small ‘errors’ — such as occasional blobs of p a i n t o r, sometimes, a tear in the canvas. Such imperfections enhance the realism of t he images, breathing life into the charThe masterpieces provoke reflections

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acters. The artist’s wisdom frees the underlying palette of colour. Zaborov admits that we are ‘the most interesting, the most mysterious theme’ and that people are his eternal passion. His canvases accommodate each image, gaining increasing authority. He has been living in France for the past 30 years. Over this time, it has gradually accepted him as an uninvited guest and has helped him to find his niche, acquiring the appropriate creative state. He has achieved his dream — the reason why he moved; he has become an artist as he always thought he would. Of course, the trip to Minsk is well considered. At the opening ceremony of his exhibition, he said, “I’m glad to be back. Belarus is my first Motherland’. However, Zaborov admits that he was always attracted by the idea of a ‘citizen of the world’. He looks deeper at this concept, saying, “Everyone is free. If, for some reason, you choose another country in which to live and work, it is your inalienable right. What you shouldn’t do is to ignore your roots; a crown can grow only from its roots. I’m sure about this; my personal experience, and the fact that I’m here, prove it.” All who love their Motherland have their personal view on it. Mr. Zaborov is no exception, giving us his intimate feelings towards Belarus. His perceptions become clear to anyone who endeavours to look into the sense of outward things, into the eternal, invisible ties which bind us to our relatives and the obvious essence of personal emotional experience. Last year, I watched an interesting film at the National Art Museum, about Zaborov as an artist and his creative work, based on personal ass o ciations. The f ilm depic ted everyday scenes (in France), showing the ordinary happiness of human existence. It seemed, at first glance, to be both unusual and obvious, with a direct connection to the artist’s works,

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B. Zaborov’s exhibition as a part of Belarusian-French cultural project

which are today displayed in the main museum of Belarus and which were also reproduced for the film. To a great extent, these paintings are the result of his nostalgic recollection of memories of himself, of his relatives and of his old surroundings. We see his first home depicted in these works. Mr. Zaborov donated Barnyard to the museum, saying, “Every year, I paint a barn on the outskirts of a field. I’d like to explain that barns are not of exceptional interest to me in themselves; rather, while I’m painting, I feel as if I’m walking to see what lies behind the barnyard. The barn is shrouded in mist but it’s true that Lake Naroch [the largest in Belarus — author] is behind, with the road to Kobylnik [the old name for the village of Naroch [and Postavy [a district centre of modern Belarus — author] to the right. I’ve known these places well since my youth.” Undoubtedly, through many of his pictures, we see that Zaborov is nostalgic; it’s what sets him apart

f rom ot he r ar t ist s . T h is is w hy audiences are interested in him. It’s unlikely that the artist has made his characters to be purely aesthetically pleasing. After all, false sentiment is easily revealed. Zaborov’s works are interesting for their element of performance. Clearly, the Uffizi Galler y in Florence comprehends his talent, having chosen to buy his Self-portrait with a Model: their first piece of modern art in a century. Last year, many people believed that it would be a great event for Belarus to hold an exhibition of Boris Zaborov’s works in his true homeland. It has happened and we cannot but feel that it meets with his own wishes. During his recent visits to Minsk, he has noticed many changes in the country, which certainly please him. He tells us, “I came out of the hotel to have a cup of coffee and saw young men sitting at tables using laptops. I realised that the whole world was open to them. It’s a sign of the future I think. I’m no politician, speaking only of my personal

impressions, but I think Minsk is a true European city. It’s great.” Nevertheless, the past is closer to him. Images of childhood and youth are usually present in Boris’ works, as he explains, “I perceive the past as the only reality. It is removed from us by time, but this allows us to view it objectively, while the present day is bustling and ephemeral. As for the future, we can only use our imagination. My memories feed my artistry. During my studies at the Academy of Fine Arts, and later, I worked with models — as artists used to do centuries ago. Today, my model is an old photograph. These two experiences allow me to speak of completely different working methods, alongside differing mental workloads.” The philosophy of his creative cradle is apparent. We are invited to ponder the world of feelings, impressions and experience, reflecting on the past, and how it shapes us today. This is the true message of the artist’s works. By Victor Mikhailov

2010 беларусь.belarus

Cinema

Autumn premieres

This year, Belarusfilm has presented two premieres: Alexey Kolbyshev’s Wolves drama and Andrey Kudinenko’s Massacre — a ‘bulbahorror’. Wolves won a diploma and a prize from the Parliamentary Assembly of the BelarusRussia Union ‘For Faith to Spiritual Ideals in Cinematic Art’ at the Golden Vityaz Film Festival. It also took the Grand Prix at the 7th Festival of Belarusian Films in Brest and the Grand Prix of Berdyansk’s Brigantine International Film Festival (Ukraine). Meanwhile, Massacre has just begun on its artistic path, making its screen debut at the International Listapad Film Festival 46

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he two films explore conceptual opinions, presenting their own set of artistic co-ordinates and an original take on our world. Both have used national themes, though in different ways: Kolbyshev reconstructs the daily routine and human relations of the hard postwar years, while Kudinenko creates a post-modernist comedy. Each relies on the strong work of the author, although principal differences are evident. Director Alexander Kolbyshev is a pupil of famous Belarusian film director Victor Turov. He began his career at the Belarusfilm Studio over a decade ago, but his biography extends much further. He studied at Mr. Turov’s studio, graduated from the Kiev Theatrical Institute’s Acting Department, worked at Brest Regional Drama Theatre for seven years, went to war in Afghanistan, co-wrote Black Box (a drama) and devoted two years to a popular TV criminal series, Authorised Operatives: Chronicles of the Murder Squad. Mr. Kolbyshev admits that he loves strong ‘men’s’ stories, with sad endings. After ten years at Belarusfilm, he released his Wolves. Its script — inspired by Alexander Chekmenev’s novel — was not accepted for three years, for various reasons. On its release, Belarusfilm offered Wolves to the Berlin International Film Festival. Sadly, the offer was not accepted; it’s not

easy to break into Europe after such a long break. The failure of the film distribution system, insufficient financing and a general crisis in film production presented obstacles. However, Alexander’s attempt to reach Europe did not go unnoticed. In fact, Wolves is the first Belarusian film presented for screening at an ‘A’ class film festival. Who knows whether the film will be appreciated by European audiences? Will they admire the in-depth character portrayal of our Belarusian (Vladimir Gostyukhin, Tamara Mironova and Oksana Lesnaya) and Russian (Dmitry Ulyanov and Andrey Panin) actors? The film lacks the usual themes common at international festivals: gender issues and criticism of our consumer society. However, it is elegant, revealing the personal pain of the author. Mr. Kolbyshev skilfully builds the façade of his plot, taking us into an atmosphere of fear and restless expectation of the inevitable. Andrey Panin plays perhaps one of the brightest characters of his career, while Dmitry Ulyanov matches the professionalism of his work from 72 Metres. No doubt, the film is worthy of being awarded a ‘Nika’ or ‘Golden Eagle’ for ‘Best CIS Film’. Without exaggeration, Wolves is sure to be a success. “All films need PR, from the very beginning but, certainly, on the eve of their premiere,” believes Mr. Kolbyshev. “Our Russian colleagues have no qualms

Cinema Much was clear to me immediately. Generally, all wars are similar. They only differ in the date of soldiers’ deaths, as inscribed on obelisks. Did you take part in the Afghanistan war? Yes. I served as a soldier. My first film — Black Box — is about a pilot during that war. I loved working on it greatly. What did you learn from that war? I have nothing to compare it with and don’t know what would have become of me if I had failed to participate in the war.

Does Fiodor Bondarchuk’s 9th Squadron adequately interpret the Afghan-related topic? We should treat it as cinema, since it’s fiction. Probably, the director consulted the real 9th squadron but Mr. Bondarchuk is an artist, with his own vision. I couldn’t watch the film, only scanning the episodes. His characters fell down mines and attacked from a standing

During shooting of Belarusian film “Wolves”

Alexander Ruzhechka

about promoting themselves but we tend to be shy. Truly, modesty is inappropriate, since Wolves is suitable for ‘A’ class festivals. It is worthy of acclaim and recognition, even if it does aspire to such fame. Of course, who knows whether others will admire our classic, indulgent style? Nevertheless, the film explores common human values: the universal condition. It is not outside of our shared experience, regardless of whether you live in the West or East. As the saying goes: ‘In the eternal river of life, everyone cries in one and the same language’.” What attracted you to Alexander Chekmenev’s novel? I liked its absolute sincerity and truth. What is ‘truth’ on screen? This is a fully-fledged drama, told by its characters, chosen with clear reason. Alexander Chekmenev is directly connected with film making — being a director. The novel — written in 1963 — boasts unity of time, place and action, which is very important to us. I don’t like to suddenly read ‘three months later’ or ‘one year previously’ on the screen. These techniques have the right to exist but I’m not a fan. The plot of ‘Wolves’ develops immediately, in front of the audience’s eyes. This allows us to achieve maximum identification with each character. Can you explain why so many post-Soviet films are unsuccessful and why so many are set during the war and post-war years? A conflict of characters is vital for drama. Extreme situations allow this to be heightened. The war and postwar years offer this possibility. Victor Turov used to say, “Remember, characters are key; a film will fail if you forget about them.” His professional experience is obvious but it took me some time to understand his full meaning. A director may become engrossed in the form of his film, losing the individual characters. We all learn from experience. I began as a film maker after having worked as an actor. Theatre and cinema have much in common, since drama is also very important in the theatre.

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Cinema Happiness’. Victoria loved my work which is soon to go on sale in Moscow. She told me then, “Sasha! I’ll give you the best script!” Later, we met at her dacha near Moscow, speaking a great deal. She gave me her script and, on reading it, I realised that it was great. However, afterwards, she told me, “It costs $50,000 — no less.” It’s no sense to speak about the sum. I understand that this is her job which costs much — according to Moscow’s pricing. In the West, a worthy script might cost even 10 percent of the film’s cost. I told Victoria then, “Please understand, I don’t have such money! We represent the state cinema.” She then said, “Then, I’ll wait until you have money or sell it to someone else who can pay.” This is her profession. Apart from Ms. Tokareva, I’m in touch with some other authors whom I know for many years. However, my personal affection to them won’t reduce the sum needed for payment. Being a professional director, I always need to have several scripts in my portfolio which suit my vision. Each director focuses on a certain genre. I’ve always loved the so-called ‘films for men’, with severe characters are circumstances. Film crew of the mystic thriller “Massacre”

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position… I think we fought in different Afghanistans! I left the topic completely after shooting ‘Black Box’ in 1994. What is the origin of your love of the army? In my youth, I dreamt of becoming a military pilot. I also wanted to shoot a film about modern pilots. My work has been a tribute to this old dream. I’m still looking for an appropriate script. I could write it myself but I’d need a great deal of time to do that, clearing my schedule for about six months. I don’t have that luxury at the moment. I’ve been offered almost every military script in existence but turned them down for not having strong enough plots, even when I’ve had no other work at the time. They’ve all gone on to be made by other directors. How did you earn money then? I participated in crowd scenes and decorating houses, taking any opportunity to earn money. However, I refused to shoot those films with weak stories. Should we speak about them then? Moreover, I was ‘sick’ with my own material. Our cinema has another problem now. Not long ago, I met a writer and wonderful playwright, Victoria Tokareva. She wished to grant me an exclusive right for her new script. Previously, I shot a fourseries TV film under her novel — ‘The Bird o f

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Director Andrey Kudinenko became famous after shooting his Occupation. Mysteries. Later, he released a remake of Vladimir Menshov’s famous Draw Game, at Pavel Lungin’s studio. Eventually, he returned to his native country to shoot Massacre. The film represents Belarus in Listapad’s contest programme. This is the story of an earl-werewolf. Its authors say that the film is full of hidden post-modernistic quotations and self-irony. However, our modern world requires much more. The time of ‘hidden’ quotations ended in the 1990s and the period of clear expression has come. It seems the director pinned too much hope of the plot, the work by artist Artur Klinov and virtuoso cameraman Pavel Zubritsky (also shooting Wolves), the music by talented Belarusian composer Oleg Khodosko and the historical décor. However, all these exist in separation, without forming a single picture. Meanwhile, a film needs more than mere visual effects. Hoary tales about the insufficient financing look infantile: chamber psychological Bergman-style dramas should be shot if there is lack of money to release a modern horror film. Mr. Kudinenko attracted good actors for his Massacre. Among them are Minsk’s theatrical stars Ivan Matskevich, Vyacheslav Pavlyut, Sergey Zhuravel and Svetlana Zelenkovskaya, among others. It’s evident that they have missed true cinematic work. However, there is an impression that the director has put historical costumes on them but forgotten to provide them with ‘crutch’: the artistes don’t understand at all how to live up to their characters. In any case, these two examples prove that the modern Belarusian cinematography is trying to master new themes and styles on the basis of the best global experience, while combining it with the national material. Of course, the result of this synthesis is always unpredictable. However, no other path is available in our globalised world to look interesting for others. By Valentin Pepelyaev

Exhibitions

Artistic pair go on hunting Central Botanical Garden in Minsk hosts exhibition of works on South American Selva region, by Czech couple

an Dungel and Radana Dungelová are husband and wife; he is a painter and biologist while she is a photographer. The Czech couple have

been portraying the unusual beauty of the forests of South America for over 20 years. Selva boasts the richest eco-system, with almost all of Jan and Radana’s works dedicated to its unique flora and fauna. The couple is particularly keen on this little explored area of the tropics, situated between C olumbia and Venezuela. Jan and Radana are content to spend hours on the Venezuelan lowlands, surrounded by swamps, which make access difficult. They wait patiently for their subjects: amusing antbears, toucans, anacondas and, even, jaguars. After meeting these inhabitants, nothing can frighten the travellers, nor annoy them. They are used to dangerous tropical insects, poisonous snakes, the ‘mud baths’ of the swamps and poor food; they’ve even eaten frogs. The duo has released over 50 illustrated albums and has brought over 200 works for exhibition at the Central Botanical Garden of the NAS of Belarus. The show, organised by the Venezuelan Embassy to Belarus, is part of a range of cultural events being arranged by the diplomatic mission, devoted to the 200th anniversary of Venezuela’s independence. By Irina Yurkovskaya

Vivid acquaintance Oman Is Calling artistic exhibition opens at National Library of Belarus

he exposition showcases over 50 exhibits, including canvases by famous Iraqi artist Hussein Al-Jaman, which depict scenes from Oman’s everyday life, and works by Oman photographers, capturing the natural and cultural heritage of the country: folk craft items and contemporary architecture. National music was played at the opening ceremony, performed by Oman’s Arabian Takht Musical Ensemble of the Sultan Chancellery. Famous Oman

designers Anisa Al Zadjali and Afaf Al Farsi demonstrated samples of national costume. Meanwhile, the Embassy of Oman to Russia donated literature in the Arab language to the National Library, including books on the history of Oman and a model of an 18th century Oman vessel.

 Ivan Khrutsky: dialogue of cultures Painter’s exhibition showcased at UNESCO headquarters in Paris

he show was organised by the Pe r mane nt Miss i on of t he Republic of Belarus to UNESCO, in co-operation with the National Art Museum, coinciding with the 200th anniversary of the artist’s birth (who is considered to be a father of Russian still-life painting). At the suggestion of the National Commission of the Republic of Belarus for UNESCO, the anniversary has been included on the list of remarkable events being marked by UNESCO from 2010-2011. The general conference of the organisation adopted the list last October, which comprises 63 remarkable events from all over the globe, including the 500th anniversary of Ivan Fedorov’s birth. He laid the foundations of book printing in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. In 2009, UNESCO took part in celebrating the 600th anniversary of the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park. A photo exhibition — Treasures of the Belovezhskaya Pushcha — was organised at the organisation’s headquarters last June, with the opening ceremony attended by the UNESCO leadership. By Alina Grishkevich

2010 беларусь.belarus

Environment

Forecasts as a matter of importance belarus is not likely to experience any climatic changes next 10-20 years

Georgiy Shablyuk

he extreme heat of the past summer inspired some to make hasty forecasts regarding our climate, fearing hunger, drought and, even, the end of life as we know it. Some publications wrote that sharp climate change could result in freezing temperatures. Each made reference to the opinions of foreign scientists, but authoritative climatologists from Belarus rarely expressed their views on this subject. We addressed an academician from the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Vladimir Loginov, asking him to tell us what we might expect from climate change in Belarus. Will we face ab no r mal heat or cold in future? If we speak about geological scales of time — covering several thousand years — the temperature will undoubtedly fall. However, if we’re speaking of just one or two centuries, greenhouse gases (as a result of human activity) could be a factor behind temperature increases. Will the cold or heat affect crops? No. Belarus could shift to another climatic zone, which would certainly change agricultural production, but it would happen extremely slowly — over a thousand years. If climate changed too quickly, humanity

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would have died out long ago. People have lived for a long time on the Earth. When facing natural cataclysms, they’ve either migrated to more favourable climatic zones or adapted to their new conditions. Of course, the climate significantly influences population migration, as well as the frequency of revolutions and hungry years. Belarus won’t face any climatic disturbances in the coming 10-20 years. We won’t burn up or freeze. There are no physical reasons for this. Have climatologists and doctors given recommendations in

case of abnormal temperatures? An African arriving in Belarus during a hot summer will be glad of such weather, while those coming from the north won’t. Everything depends on where people have spent their

lives, as well as on their health and age. Young people easily survived this year’s heat; they even enjoyed it. The older generation felt less comfortable and will long remember it. We can’t give special recommendations in such a situation, except for not to grow older. What should concern Belarus about the future, in this respect? I’m convinced that climate change won’t significantly change our work in farming, forestry and water management. The problem is that we currently lack a clear strategy for economic adaptation towards various natural conditions. Every country around the world is currently working on this, regardless of the future scenario: heat or cold. Specialists are analysing how climate will affect agriculture, forestry and the energy industry. We shouldn’t wait for sharp climate change to occur; rather, we should prepare in advance to minimise our losses. Humanity may boast that it can control nature but such struggle is useless. We can understand the laws of nature and try to influence where we can, allowing us to introduce corrections into our systems but we need knowledge for this. Belarus has only recently begun to train hydro-meteorologists; we don’t have scientific research institutes of a similar profile. However, dependence on climate and weather is so great that we must seriously tackle this issue. We’re now trying to adopt other countries’ experience. By Natalia Nesterova

Environment

Air ticket for lion cub

Birds counted in autumn Over 50,000 birds of 135 species registered in Belarus during European Autumn Birdwatching Days

The African predator, born last December in Russia’s Kaliningrad, is just ten months old, yet it has already managed to travel by aircraft and taxi, to reach Vitebsk’s Zoo

hen 23 year old Rigus died at Vitebsk’s Zoo, the search began for a replacement lion and, last autumn, a contract was signed with Kaliningrad’s Zoo to obtain a cub as yet unborn. “In early summer, we were granted permission for its transportation and conducted DNA testing,” explains Alexey Andreikov, Director of Vitebsk’s Zoo, recollecting the details of processing the papers. “Our African lion possesses a whole package of documents so, if it has offspring, we’ll be able to sell them legally to Russia and Western Europe.” A special cage was used to transport the lion cub from Kaliningrad to Minsk, installed in the aircraft baggage compartment. It wasn’t the first time that Belavia Airlines had transported a ‘quadruped’ client of course; cats, dogs, ferrets, monkeys and, even, crocodiles have already used its services. The king of the savannah then took a taxi to Vitebsk. The new Vitebsk Zoo resident entered its new cage in a crouching position, having spent almost 24 hours travelling. However, the cage is linked to a spacious open-air enclosure, so it should soon be stretching its legs. The unfamiliar surroundings and alien smells no doubt put the lion on the alert. The 65kg cub

sniffed its fresh sawdust, grinned, growled and then beat its paws on the iron rods of its cage, to show who was master. “We’re grateful to everyone who helped us acquire the lion,” Mr. Andreikov smiled. “I’d like to primarily thank the head of Marko footwear company, Nikolay Martynov, who donated 1,200 euros. Soon, we’ll discuss a name for our new pet with him.” The new zoo resident will spend a month in quarantine, provided with comfort and substantial nutrition, before being allowed to roam more freely. Vitebsk Zoo has plans to find him a mate, probably also from Kaliningrad, and Mr. Andreikov also has his eye on some other interesting animals there — such as a kangaroo. One of Vitebsk’s new suburbs is building its own zoo, home to fallow deer, wild boar, Cameroon goats and roe. It is to become one of the largest and most contemporary in Europe.

s is traditional, Birdlife Inter nat iona l has organis e d a birdwatching campaign across Europe during the first three days of October, aiming ‘to distract people from their everyday concerns and draw their attention towards nature and bird problems’. Participants count bird species and their number and then transfer this information to the national organiser of the event. According to Denis Kitel, of APBBirdlife Belarus, hooded crows, common starlings and wild ducks have grown in number in Belarus, while great white herons and sea eagles were registered among rare species. Over 50,000 people from 28 countries took part in the European Autumn Birdwatching Days and counted around 2.7m birds. Belarus came third for its number of participants, with around 4,000 people taking part. Spain was the leader, claiming 31,000 entrants, followed by Switzerland with over 6,000 bird observers. By Anastasia Yanushevskaya

By Sergey Golesnik

2010 беларусь.belarus

Fashion

Attractive clothes for attractive people Minsk hosts first Belorussian Fashion Week

his autumn, the capital hosted Belarus’ first ever fashion week — a real historical event. Fashion shows are organised all over the globe — from New York and Tokyo to Riga and Moscow. Now, Minsk has claimed its place as a fashion centre (if not a fashion trendsetter). About fifty buyers arrived in Belarus from neighbouring states, all wishing to see the collections of local designers and conclude cooperative contracts. Fashion Week allowed us to show Belarus’ potential in the field of fashion and style, at an international level.

Artur Prupas

Moscow’s salute from Zaitsev

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Belorussian Fashion Week is now to be organised twice annually, with autumn-winter collections going on show in March and springsummer collections in October. The first national f a s h i o n e v e nt

opened with a show by Brest’s House of Evening and Wedding Fashion, Papilio, joined by the Fashion House of famous Russian designer Vyacheslav Zaitsev. In total, 40 spring-summer 2011 collections took to the catwalk, representing designers from Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Croatia, Norway and Iran. Of the 200 designers taking part, the Belarusians were largely debutants, with the event enabling them to demonstrate their, as yet, little known talents. Vyacheslav Zaitsev brought his autumn-winter Metamorphoses collection to Minsk — its global premiere. It much resembled a theatrical play, inspired by classic 1980s trends. “There’s no sense in creating anything new. In the 1980s, I designed a collection which was incomprehensible, being ‘ahead of its time’; now, it’s time has come,” smiles Mr. Zaitsev. “Alongside monochrome colours, my collection has warm tints of gold, terracotta and beige.”

Fashion He chose Minsk to demonstrate his new collection, wanting to inspire Belarusians to develop their own national fashion industry. Mr. Zaitsev is a founder of Russian Fashion Week, which has been attended by Belarusian designers in the past.

Style is like a puzzle

“According to the organisers’ plans, Belorussian Fashion Week should take its place in the fashion calendar, alongside the most prestigious fashion weeks in Milan, Paris, London and New York,” confidently asserts the organiser and head of the Belarusian event, Yanina Goncharova, who also heads Gomel’s Crystal Nymph Centre of Fashion and Beauty. For many, Belorussian Fashion Week was a true revelation. I heard people saying, “I now understand what ‘high fashion’ means — it’s when clothes and footwear meet like a puzzle. Tights are of the right thickness and colour and the belt is placed at exactly the right place (not lower or higher). Ordinary details transform clothes into art.” Many worried about the success of the first Belorussian Fashion Week, since the country had no experience of organising such shows. However, designer Tatiana Marinich notes, “The organisation went well and the models were fine. Ten years ago, when fashion weeks were in their infancy in Russia, some asked why Russia needed its own event. They wondered whether Russia had its ‘own’ fashion. Of course, now, we visit shows in Moscow and are waiting for the Muscovites to come to Minsk. Really, the arrival of Vyacheslav Zaitsev speaks for itself.” Designer Yulia Latushkina adds, “The organisers have done well and I admire them.” She’s grateful for the creation of the catwalk and new cultural centre in Minsk.

From Iran to the Vikings

I was most impressed by Lena Tsokalenko’s collection, which I thought ideal. Her designs, though simple, are enchanting. Models from Sergey Nagorny’s agency (the best in the country) were hired especially to

wear Lena’s collection. Meanwhile, Olga Samoshchenko gathered the largest audience for her spring-summer 2011 refined retro collection. Polka dots, small flower prints, rose-like drapery, large collars and low necklines were set off by shades of chocolate. Duo Karina Galstyan and Katerina Golikova gave a romantic collection, irradiated by cosmic emeralds. It seemed to float down the catwalk. The Iranian designers caused a stir. Mahpare Akbari, who has been designing clothes for only two years and studied folk crafts previously, including carpet weaving and embroidery, had perhaps the most impressive collection among the foreign guests. Meanwhile, Anna Sosnovskaya, a fashionable Ukrainian designer, arrived in Minsk to show her men’s collection. Her clothes are for strong men, who have their own sense of style, taste and charisma. Ms. Sosnovskaya always uses natural fabrics and a restrained colour palette but loves novelties and experimentation. In Belarus, her show was strange but attractive, with her models resembling heroes. They walked with firm steps, their faces whitened and their eyes frowning, like true Vikings. Some sat on the sides of the catwalk, while others walked past in spectacular style! By Victor Korbut

 Minsk designer Lena Tsokalenko

rarely talks to the media but gave an exclusive interview to our Belarus magazine, speaking of the characteristics of Belarusian fashion and her own style.The‘LenaTsokalenko’brand is already among the most popular:

Which clothes do you prefer? Those who take care of themselves are likely to have taste and a definite sense of style. My collections boast a moment of recognition: as a rule, these clothes lack external glamour, being new but with the effect of being worn. What inspires you? I love early 20th century fashion. I buy albums and magazines on the topic and watch old films. These give me new ideas. In my view, clothes should not be ideal — as there are no ideal people. I primarily sew from silk, which is fluid against the body, delineating the figure while, simultaneously, hiding our flaws. For whom do you sew? I have some famous clients, including TV hosts and singers. They’re mostly people who have creative jobs, rather than working in an office. Is there such a thing as Belarusian fashion? Fashion has no nationality. Some countries are viewed as fashionable trend setters but Belarus and Russia are not among them. Paris, Milan, London, New York and Tokyo dictate fashion. Do any Minsk shops sell your clothes? Only Arka, in Kropotkin Street; I met the owners in Moscow. Why aren’t your dresses sold at Minsk’s GUM and TsUM stores? I don’t need this. Large stores sell absolutely different clothes to mine. My clothes are ‘one offs’ and are few in number, which gives them their value. Women don’t want everyone to wear identical dresses.

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Sports personality

Secret of her victories This season is special for Victoria Azarenko. In 2009, the most successful Belarusian tennis player won WTA tournaments and played in the finals in Doha. However, 2010 may become a true pearl in her novice career, demonstrating her true

ictoria’s tenth ranking b y t h e Wo m e n ’s Tennis Ass o ciat ion isn’t the highest in h e r c are e r but h e r efforts are worthy of praise. Failures in the middle of the season, injuries and six pre-schedule match cancellations made the Belarusian’s participation in the Masters final, in Doha, a true sensation. Moreover, Victoria beat Serena Williams to reach the top eight tennis players in the world. Previously, the American has many times prevented our Victoria from reaching her goal: at the Beijing Olympics and at the 2009 Australia Open (when heat stroke affected the Belarusian’s play). This time, luck restored the balance; the Williams sisters’ decision to step out to rest created an opening for Victoria. As we’d expect, she grasped it with both hands...

Kremlin

The Kremlin Cup is a special event for Belarusian tennis players, being organised near their homeland. Its hard cover is familiar, as is the climate. However, until recently, none had managed to win the event. Last year, Olga Govortsova came close but, in 2010, Ms. Azarenko succeeded where Olga had failed. “I really needed this victory in Moscow,” Vi c t or i a s m i l e d a f t e r c r u s h i n g Russian Maria Kirilenko. “It not only lifted the questions regarding my future participation in the final

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tournament in Doha but gave me much needed inner confidence.” The Kremlin Cup is Ms. Azarenko’s second title this season and her fifth professional title to date.

America

Victoria began playing tennis in Minsk but it was in the USA that she became a true ‘swan’ of the global courts. She moved from Belarus to attend the Spanish Tennis Academy, living with the family of the famous hockey goalkeeper, Nikolay Khabibullin (an old friend of the Azarenko family). Victoria took her first steps in professional tennis in the USA and, even today, speaks warmly of the huge role played by the Khabibullins and America in her success. “I can’t imagine what would have become of me if it were not for these people,” she admits. “I arrived in America alone and everything was alien to me; I knew no one. However, I had a place to stay and people who understood me...” It’s hard to say for sure but this American stage of her life may have led to her success on the USA’s tennis circuit. She has won two out of the five USA titles. The fourth tournament of the Grand Slam — the US Open — always views Vika as a favourite and many say that this could be the start of her conquering the most prestigious tennis series.

Health

All spor tsmen know the toll that professional sports take on the

body and Victoria is no exception. She has suffered numerous injuries, even returning to Minsk on crutches after a leg injury a few years ago. She unwittingly destroyed Belarus’ hopes of entering the World Group of the Federation Cup. Last season, heat stroke in Melbourne prevented Vika from finishing her match against Serena Williams, although she was close to winning. Her success would have automatically ensured her place in the finals. However, all these problems seem insignificant in comparison to the experiences of this season. Victoria’s losing to Williams was her only failure last season and fans had hoped that Azarenko had put her problems behind h e r. S a d l y, the 2010 season saw the s i t u ation repeated a n d was even more disappointing. In the European leg of the pro-tour, she was obliged to step down in her very first match, held in Spanish Marbella. In the semifinals, she lost to Spanish Maria Jose Martinez Sanchez (who is not among the highest rankings). Moreover, the situation repeated itself six times t h rou g hout t he s e as on . D u r i ng

personality Sportse the USA Open, while viewed as a favourite, Victoria fainted and had to be helped off the court. “Vika has her own style of play,” famous Russian TV commentator Anna Dmitrieva notes, tr ying to explain Vika’s unexpected failures. Azarenko led in almost every case before deciding to resign from the match. Anna, who knows the tennis world perfectly, adds, “Victoria is always balancing on a knife’s edge and takes risks, while attacking with all her might. She goes for broke and this helps her win. However, tennis is a game which requires cold rationality and a safe strategy. Those who lack the strength to play steadily, despite perhaps battling extreme heat on the court, can fail. Experience is needed to ensure you keep back enough strength to last the whole match.”

sums can destroy careers but Vika has her own opinion; she spent her first prize money on buying a car for her mother. She stresses that not everything can be bought and sold in our world. “It’s more important for me that I’m doing something I love — and winning. People re c o g n i s e m e an d s up p or t m e . O f course, it’s good to have the chance to e ar n money and buy

Money

faction when it comes to winning but n on e c an d e ny t h e huge prizes involved in professional tennis: many thousands of Dollars. In 2010, Belgian Kim Clijsters earned the most among all tennis players, winning over $5m in prize money — including $1,450,000 for her victory in Doha. Her income from advertising campaigns is another matter entirely. Some speculate that the pursuit of such huge

R euters

Those who agree with Coubertin s ee mone y as s econdar y to personal satis-

something for myself or my parents,” she says. Despite her failures, Azarenko has won $1,377,028 this season, making her the tenth highest earner and bringing her total winnings to almost $5m. As she’s still only 21, there’s no doubt that her major earnings lie ahead.

A star

It’s always interesting to re-read old interviews, since they show how champions change over time, and how their rankings influence their outlook. “Women’s tennis is much less predictable than men’s, especially now. Seeded sportswomen often lose, sometimes in the first round; it’s a sensation which happens almost every day,” Victoria noted two years ago, speaking of her sporting future. “ T h e r e’s n o s u c h thing as the strongest tennis player; anyone c a n b e c om e a s t a r,” she concluded, adding that she wasn’t interested in rankings. The Belarusian stressed that she was taking one match at a time. Now, her opinion has changed. Parties, presentations and other elements of her ‘celebrity’ status have become routine to her. Unlike some tennis colleagues, who devote too much time to such glamour, Victoria keeps her focus on tennis; her sport is her number one priority. “I have only one goal now — to win every match,” she explained at the Kremlin Cup. “I know I’ve had problems, which hampered me from taking advantage of ever y opportunity last season. I’m now doing everything possible not to repeat the same mistakes next season.” We certainly have grounds to hope that next season will be a bright page in the biography of this most successful Belarusian tennis player. By Dmitry Komashko

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Beauty

Appealing image Miss Belarus-2010 Lyudmila Yakimovich represented our country in the most prestigious beauty contest “Miss World” taking place in China

he Minsk beauty tells us about her preparations for the show, learning Chinese and whether she has tasted Peking Duck. The limit for airline luggage is just 20kg, even if you are a Miss World entrant. Packing costume changes for the event has been a challenge, with dozens of luxurious dresses, shoes and accessories crammed i n t o s u i t c a s e s . “A Belarusian company from Brest has created the outfits,” explains Olga S ere zhni kova, Director of t h e Nat i on a l Beauty School. “Fifteen outfits is the minimum required: alongside evening attire, each participant needs cocktail dresses for receptions, everyday clothes and sportswear. Lyuda will spend a month in China while taking part in various events and travelling through the country.” Lyuda hasn’t been spending her final days before departure

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in front of the mirror of course. In the mornings, she goes to the gym, then devotes the rest of the day to rehearsals at the… circus. She has decided to conquer the jury with an original performance, involving a spectator from the audience. Lyuda was taught by famous illusionist Serge Bondarchuk. “90 percent of entrants dance, so these skills won’t surprise anyone. Some girls sing professionally, so there’s no point competing with them; they record albums in their countries and perform on stage,” explains Ms. Serezhnikova. Lyuda had every chance of winning the sports mini-contest, as she’s a professional swimmer. The Belarusian beauty also decided to emphasise her natural image, keeping her natural hair colour and staying away from the solarium. Her height, 172cm — modest by modelling standards — was no problem; shorter girls entered the contest. Lyuda spent a month in China, participating in different events and touring the country. Of course, she wished to win as her victory is the country’s image. However, she returned to Belarus happy. “I communicated with beauties from all over the globe. I’m proud of being among the top ten girls in the ‘Miss Talent’ contest. I’ve also seen China; this is a wonderful country. I’ve also learnt several greeting phrases in Chinese, although it was not easy,” she says. By Yekaterina Gapeeva