BELARUS #9/2010 by BELARUS Magazine

No.9 (924), 2010

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Contents

Беларусь.Belarus Monthly magazine No. 9 (924), 2010

Actions follow words

Published since 1930 State Registration Certificate of mass medium No.8 dated March 2nd, 2009, issued by the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus

Founders: The Information Ministry of the Republic of Belarus “SB” newspaper editorial office Belvnesheconombank Editor: Viktor Kharkov Executive Secretary: Valentina Zhdanovich

Design and Layout by

8 12

At the crossroads of Europe We all

know from school that geographical locations can be favourable or unfavourable

Financial debut This summer, Belarus joined the global bond market for the first time, placing $1bn of Eurobonds. Next year, it plans to attract the same sum with a new financial instrument

Creative quartet It’s no secret that many

major public initiatives are carefully staged each year. One such is the Union State to Young Talents of the 21st Century event, annually held in Moscow at the Central Music School of the Tchaikovsky Moscow Conservatoire

Neighbourly relations According to

Lithuania’s Statistics Department, Belarus has been the most popular destination for Lithuani ans since 2008

44 Tradition revived in Zelva In 1720, Duke

Tableware worthy of the Vatican

integration According to

specialists, last year, Belarusians working abroad accounted for 1 percent of GDP

48 50

Ballad of Grunewald National History

Museum showcasing panorama of greatest medieval battle

Concert in chapel National musical

and theatre school appeared in Belarus 300 years ago

Kilowatts from environment

18 Seasonal 22

Anthony Kazimir Sapega, the owner of Zelva (now a town in Grodno region), received the privilege to annually organise a trade fair to honour St. Anna’s Day

Focus of development Belarus is suc-

cessfully overcoming the consequences of the global crisis but what’s next? Mikhail Kovalev, the Dean of the Belarusian State University’s Economy Department, shares his views

Theatrical affair

Vadim Kondrashov, Georgiy Shablyuk, Aloizas Yunevich Беларусь.Belarus is published in Belarusian, English, Spanish and Polish. Distributed in 50 countries of the world. Final responsibility for factual accuracy or interpretation rests with the authors of the publications. Should any article of Беларусь.Belarus be used, the reference to the magazine is obligatory. The magazine does not bear responsibility for the contents of advertisements.

Publisher: “SB” editorial office This magazine has been printed at “Belarusian House of Press” Publishing Office” UE. 79 Nezavisimosti Ave., Minsk, Belarus, 220013 Order No.2424 Total circulation — 2029 copies (including 727 in English).

Write us to the address: 11 Kiselyov Str., Minsk, Belarus, 220029. Tel.: +375 (17) 290-62-24, 290-66-45. Tel./Fax: +375 (17) 290-68-31. www.belarus-magazine.by E-mail: mail@belarus-magazine.by Subscription index in Belpochta catalogue — 74977 For future foreign subscribers for ‘Belarus’ magazine, apply to ‘MK-Periodica’ agency. E-mail: info@periodicals.ru

Sound innovations Grown under labo-

ratory conditions, skin transplants should be ready within five years in Belarus

Telephone in Minsk: +375 (17) 227-09-10.

2010 беларусь.belarus

editor’s note

Future of good traditions

he future is real, originating in the present; the relationship between the present and the future is obvious. Today, children attend a contemporary school and, tomorrow, will become intelligent and educated young people, bringing to life our most ambitious plans. It is a result worthy of investment. This month, Giving an Open Lesson describes the road to knowledge, as experienced by pupils at one of our new schools. When asked about our comfort, we tend to think of our physical wellbeing but sociologists also think of our social standard of living. Belarusians were asked to assess their financial state and satisfaction with life, while sharing their views on international and national problems, including the political and socio-economic situation in the country. They were questioned about how much they trust state institutions and an interesting ‘picture’ became clear, as detailed in Portraits of Social Environment. We all know from school that geographical locations can be favourable or unfavourable. B elarus is considered to be lucky in this respect, often noted as being at ‘Europe’s centre’; it is called ‘a bridge between East and West’ or ‘a transit state’ by journalists. Certainly, we can turn our location to profit. Belarus’ Transit Potential Development Strategy for 2011-2015 has recently been adopted, covering the spheres of energy transit, air transportation, railway and automobile transport and Internet traffic. The Government expects the implementation of this comprehensive programme to raise transit revenue – reaching $3bn by 2015. At the Crossroads of Europe explores the advantages of Belarusian transit.

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This year, our country has entered the world debt market for the first time by issuing $1bn of Eurobonds, with the same amount to be attracted next year via a new financial instrument. Financial Debut is dedicated to the attractiveness of Belarusian bonds for investors. According to world practice, business incubators reduce the risk incurred by small businesses during their first year of existence by around 30 percent. However, structures in Belarus providing assistance to start-up entrepreneurs are currently following their

own laws – rather than by world experience. The Belarusian Economy Ministry has calculated that, at present, 50 entrepreneurial support centres are operating countrywide, offering information and consultative services. They assist in preparing business plans, in organising market research and in training personnel for small firms. The Economy Ministry stresses that these entrepreneurial support centres are very popular, with almost 35,000 people using their services in the first six months of 2010. Business Immunity describes the usefulness of these business incubators. Lithuania and Belarus are building a common bridge uniting Western and

Eastern Europe. However, it’s most correct to say that our two countries are reconstructing this ‘bridge’. Lithuania has access to the Baltic Sea and is a European Union member, while Belarus borders Russia. As a result, our countries unite the two halves of Europe – eastern and western. Two hundred years ago, they co-existed within a single state – the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Lithuanian Trakai and Belarusian Novogrudok have Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches nearby, in addition to synagogues and mosques: symbols of our multicultural lifestyle. Belarus and Lithuania are good examples of tolerance between different nations and religions in Europe. The state remembers this important experience, with citizens often visiting their neighbours. Neighbourly Relations researches this topic in depth. In 1720, Duke Anthony Kazimir Sapega, the owner of Zelva (now a town in Grodno region) received the right to hold an annual fair to honour St. Anna’s Day. Granted by the Polish King and Grand Duke of Lithuania, August II, it lasted for a whole month and soon became one of the largest fairs in Europe. Merchants from Belarus and Lithuania, Moscow and St. Petersburg attended, alongside those from Warsaw and Riga, numerous Russian provinces, Prussia and, even, exotic Turkey. Travellers and historians have long spoken of the Annenski Kirmash, with famous writers and poets mentioning it in their works. However, by the late 1930s, the tradition had ceased. It wasn’t forgotten though, with Zelva residents reviving their wellknown trade fair, as seen in Tradition Revived in Zelva. We harbour a desire to drive business forward, ensuring a secure and prosperous future, but also wish to keep our ties with the past, cherishing our traditions. Ancient and modern can co-exist, bringing good results. BY Viktor Kharkov, magazine editor Беларусь. Belarus

topical

Humane mission Belarus’ geographical location and absence of national and interconfessional conflicts attracts people from countries in less fortunate positions; in recent years, over 3,500 citizens, from several dozen countries, have requested asylum

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Giving an open lesson

On Knowledge Day, on September 1st, the President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko, opened a new school in Borovlyany (a Minsk suburb) and visited Istoki children’s village

onestly, my colleagues and I yearned to return to childhood on entering the new school. We were so impressed by its wonderfully equipped classrooms, gym, swimming pool and canteen. Of course, it has all been paid for from tax payers’ money but construction has been swift, creating a beautiful, neat school. It is a true gift to its 700 pupils and their parents. Speaking at the solemn opening ceremony, the President noted that he wants adults to also attend such modern schools, to take part in sports and to spend time with pleasure. On September 1st, Borovlyany school organised open lessons, with the President in attendance. At an English

lesson, the teacher thanked for raising hours spent on teaching foreign languages this year. Meanwhile, pupils showed Mr. Lukashenko their skill in speaking English, saying goodbye in the language of Byron and Shakespeare. “Thank you, Mr. President,” they said. Several minutes later, Mr. Lukashenko dropped in on a lesson on national history, speaking to children in Belarusian. The pupils asked the President to write down for them what he most wishes for regarding our country but he joked that a whole page wouldn’t be enough to ‘write all his wishes’. Mr. Lukashenko urged the children to be ‘beautiful, healthy and clever’. Before leaving, several pupils asked Mr. Lukashenko to visit a neighbouring children’s village – Istoki (in Leskovka) – where orphaned and abandoned children reside, as they do at Borovlyany’s SOS-Kinderdorf International village. The children’s parents are also their teachers. Istoki is a Belarusian project, sponsored by Golf Club and Delta Bank. During his visit, the President drank tea with the children and spoke to officials, noting that, in the coming five years, all children should be transferred from traditional orphanages to cosy family-type houses (like Istoki). Mr. Lukashenko also believes that children should be removed from parents addicted to alcohol. “It seems better to take them from families where parents are unable to raise their children;

s far as possible and, even where it is seemingly impossible, we provide assistance to these people,” stressed Mr. Lukashenko during his meeting with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, António Guterres. The latter thanked Belarus for ‘avoiding xenophobia’ The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) opened in our country 15 years ago, closely liaising with the Internal and Foreign ministries, as well as the State Border Committee and other state bodies. It ensures assistance to foreign citizens seeking shelter in Belarus, while providing humanitarian, financial, social and legal help. “You have a ver y honourable mission. You help people who are in trouble, probably more than anybody else,” noted the President of Belarus, addressing Mr. Guterres. “I’d like to assure you that we’ll always cooperate with the UNHCR. We’ve established very good relations.” Mr. Lukashenko also added that Belarus ‘will always be at the forefront’, supporting refugees. Mr. Guterres noted, “I usually visit countries facing dramatic situations. However, this doesn’t refer to Belarus!” He arrived in Minsk ‘to express gratitude and respect’. “I’d like to express my gratitude for an agreement signed in Minsk with the Internal Minister, on co-operation and the legal status of the UNHCR Office and its staff in Belarus. I also wish to note my respect for your perfect collaboration.”

2010 беларусь.belarus

Political feasibility

CSTO Heads of State during the informative summit

Belarus convinced of need for enhanced foreign political co-ordination between CSTO states

ollective Security Treaty O rg an is at i on me mb e r st ates have supp or te d Belarus’ position regarding more active contact with international organisations involved in international security. This decision was adopted during an informal summit of the CSTO Heads of State, hosted by Yerevan. The Belarusian President, Alexander Lukashenko, also attended the event. The agenda highlighted

беларусь.belarus 2010

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initiative

adopted and planned measures aiming to stabilise the situation in Kyrgyzstan, as well as the formation of an efficient CSTO anti-crisis response system. Belarus is in favour of strengthening the CSTO’s role in the region, supporting the expansion of CSTO co-operation with other international organisations: the UN, OSCE, CIS, EurAsEC, and the European Union. Such CSTO co-operation, particularly with the UN, OSCE and NATO,

is currently limited to information exchange. According to Belarus, there is huge potential for improving CSTO activity, with the organisation taking its rightful place in the hierarchy of international organisations responsible for international and regional security. The CSTO needs to decide which instruments will most effectively prevent conflicts while mapping out effective anti-crisis regulation powers for itself. Belarus believes such a document would need to take into account the systematic disadvantages of the CSTO’s current response towards conflict situations. Anti-crisis regulation mechanisms are also being developed within the UN, OSCE and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, with which CSTO member states are partnered. In this respect, Belarus believes there is no need for the CSTO to copy or duplicate existing instruments. The CSTO’s major goal is to ‘build added value’ by settling issues where

society

Portraits of social environment Sociologists ask citizens to assess their wealth and satisfaction with life

hen asked about our comfort, we tend to think of our physical health but ‘social health’ is the concern of the latest Information and Analytical Centre poll (under the Presidential Administration). Belarusians were asked to assess their financial state and satisfaction with life, while sharing their views on international and national problems, including the political and socio-economic situation in the country. They were questioned about how much they trust state institutions and an interesting ‘picture’ became clear. Since 2005, the number of those viewing themselves as having low or high incomes have remained almost unchanged – only moving about 1 percent in each group. Of course, ideally, no one would consider themselves to be poor; it’s a situation common to every country, not just Belarus. However, Belarus is fortunate in lacking a great divide in citizens’ incomes – an important condition

for social stability. This is confirmed by the fact that most respondents – 78 percent – believe themselves to enjoy a moderate income. In fact, over the past year, the number of those calling themselves satisfied with their life has risen from 68 to 77.5 percent; of these, 67.5 percent are confident of their future. Over half (51 percent) consider the socio-economic state of the country to be stable while another 21.5 percent believe the state to be gradually improving; 83 percent stress the calm political situation in the country. Evidently, these factors influence a confident view of the future. A significant 82 percent view the Church as an important social institution while 80 percent view the President as a trustworthy authority. The Government, Parliament and local authorities are viewed with slightly less confidence but with more than that expressed in last year’s poll. By Andrey Kryat

Alexander Ruzhechka

other international organisations fail. The issue of foreign political co-ordination between CSTO member states remains urgent. The need to bring this to a new level was proven by an anti-constitutional coup in Kyrgyzstan, on April 7th, 2010. Sadly, CSTO existing foreign political co-ordination mechanisms were not called into effect and the CSTO Permanent Council failed to meet for an emergency session. Special sessions of CSTO statutory bodies did not take place and the coup was not pronounced to be anti-constitutional. The Belarusian President’s stance regarding CSTO inactivity relating to Kyrgyz events has inspired a new, comprehensive approach towards crisis response; the need for the creation of a working mechanism within the organisation is clear. Belarus supports the efforts made by international organisations and individual countries in stabilising the situation in Kyrgyzstan and desires that order be restored by peaceful, political means. If necessary, international and regional organisations’ resources can be called upon. Kyrgyzstan, as a member of the UN, OSCE and other international organisations, has the right to receive all-round assistance. However, Belarus believes that it’s vital to outline the format of possible assistance provided to Kyrgyzstan within the integration structures of the post-Soviet space, of which Belarus and Kyrgyzstan are members: the CIS, EurAsEC and CSTO. Moreover, the obligatory condition for such aid is that it should focus on the implementation of specific socio-economical projects while satisfying the primary needs of the Kyrgyz population. The 2005 and 2010 coups in Kyrgyzstan and the 2008 GeorgianSouth Ossetian conflict demonstrated that the CSTO’s existing anti-crisis and anti-conflict instruments are ineffective. This year’s situation in Kyrgyzstan has shown the need for a new anti-crisis mechanism within the CSTO. Belarus is to take over the CSTO chair in December 2010.

2010 беларусь.belarus

panorama  Trade balance movement In the first half of 2010, Belarus joined 24 new markets

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Favourable prospects for scientists National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and Spanish Royal Academy of Economics and Finance plan to sign agreement on co-operation

n spring 2011, Royal Academy representatives are to visit Minsk for a joint session with Belarus’ National Academy of Sciences. An agreement on co-operation is to be signed for the coming 3-4 years, notes the President of the Spanish Royal Academy of Economics and Finance, Professor Jaime Gil Aluja. Speaking during his recent visit to Minsk, he stressed that, if all goes well, the document could be extended on its expiration. Scientists plan to realise joint projects in the fields of finances, economics and law – financed by Spain. “There are many things which unite and divide us; we’re striving to find more points of shared interest,” said the foreign guest. Belarus is not the first partner of the Spanish Royal Academy of Economics and Finance but, according to the Professor, the scale of our cooperation should be impressive.

беларусь.belarus 2010

he Government has developed 47 strategies regarding the accretion of exports and joining new markets in L atin America, Asia and Africa. As a result, the countr y entered 24 new markets in the first six months of 2010. Despite barriers placed by Russia, the positive balance more than doubled (without taking into consideration oil and oil products), returning to trade levels from the first half of 2008. Belarus’ Prime Minister, Sergei Sidorsky, believes it’s important to continue actively selling to markets in Russia, preserving already mastered niches and finding new customers. As regards import substitution, the Government is working hard to reduce imports of over 1,680 commodities. A strategy of foreign economic activity until 2015 has been developed to optimise the foreign trade balance. The Government’s goal is to reach a positive trade balance by 2014.

 Forecasts have substance In 2011, inflation in Belarus should stand at 7-8 percent, according to a draft monetary-credit policy document considered at a meeting with the Belarusian President, Alexander Lukashenko

t is based on an economic report by the Government and National Bank regarding socioeconomic development. Taking into account the inflation target, the refinancing rate should reach 8-10 percent by late 2011, with interest rates on new loans for the nonfinancial sector amounting to 10-13 percent. Banks’ regulatory capital should rise by 1520 percent. Speaking of the major figures for socio-economic development for 2011-2015, the Chairman of the National Bank’s Board, Piotr Prokopovich, notes that high rates of economic development should ensure the growth of real incomes. By late 2015, average salaries in Belarus should total $1,000 in equivalent. By 2014, the country should also achieve a positive trade balance in goods and services while fulfilling the Head of State’s major task to join the top 50 states on the UN’s Human Development Index (HDI).

panorama

Laser instead of pen

 Second life for airport

First Belarusian electronic paper may appear in a year

Vitebsk airport awaits major reconstruction next year

he electronic paper is innovative in using a special laser device to apply its images, which can be changed easily. The Director of the Institute of Chemistry of New Materials at the National Academy of Sciences, academician Vladimir Agabekov, tells us that the Belarusian coloured electronic paper even outstrips foreign analogues in some aspects. The Institute has been making its own dyes and polarisable films for the coloured images.

fter reconstruction, the airport will acquire comfortable waiting lounges, restaurants, bars, a hotel and other facilities for passengers and aircraft crew, as well as hangars and service facilities for business aviation. T h e t a ke - of f r u nw ay i s being upgraded, allowing it to a c c e pt l arge r pl ane s ; this will open new routes to foreign countries for contemporary aircraft. Its favourable geographical location is sure to attract foreigners and, after modernisation (costing around $10m), mutually beneficial ties with other countries’ regions are sure to be established.

 Long-term co-operation strategy UNFPA 2011-2015 country programme for Belarus adopted

he UNDP / UNFPA Executive Board has approved a UN Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) 2011-2015 country programme for Belarus – the first in the history of the republic, during its annual session at the UN Headquarters (New York). According to the Belarusian Foreign Ministry, a good history of stable co-operation with the international fund influenced the decision to adopt the programme, which should further strengthen national potential regarding reproductive health, population and development, while ensuring gender equality. The long-term co-operation strategy will also promote increased UNFPAsponsored financial aid to Belarus.

 High class Belarusian team wins 2nd Cup of European High Speed Telegraphy Championship Jointly with the Physics Institute, they are also developing a laser ‘pen’ to apply ‘pictures’. Its secret is that the laser only becomes operational when the pen touches the paper; moreover, by changing the pen’s frequency, the colour and tone of the image can be changed. Using domestically-manufactured equipment for the project has significantly cheapened the cost of development, with the first Belarusian electronic paper expected to appear within 12 months, or 18 months at the latest. According to Mr. Agabekov, electronic paper will eventually cost the same as traditional paper and will initially find application in photography and for advertising purposes.

he event – organised in Romanian Suceava – brought together teams from eight countries. Despite the Belarusian squad lacking some of its members, it came first in the overall standings, followed by Russia and Romania. Our Belarusian radio telegraphists earned 78 personal medals out of 135 – more than half of the total number: 28 gold, 27 silver and 23 bronze. B e l ar u s h a s w on t h e h i g h speed radio-telegraphy event every year since 2003, making

them the strongest not only in Europe, but worldwide.

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transit

At the crossroads of Europe We all know from school that geographical locations can be favourable or unfavourable. It’s believed that Belarus is lucky in this respect, being at ‘Europe’s centre’. Some call it a ‘bridge between East and West’ or ‘a transit state’. Certainly, we can turn our location to profit, since Belarus borders the highly developed European Union (with a pop7ulation of 500m) and Russia. China is situated further away, as are other Asian countries, but they form a gigantic market of 2bn consumers. Trade with this region has huge potential, so Belarus plans to enter and find its niche

e l a r u s’ c o m p r e h e n sive Transit Potential Development Strategy for 2011-2015 was recently adopted, covering the spheres of energy transit, air transportation, railway and automobile transport and Internet traffic. The Government expects the implementation of this programme to bring a rise in transit revenue – reaching $3.1bn by 2015. The figure is comparable with that of potash fertiliser exports but, unlike the potassium market (which is rather limited for obvious reasons), our transit potential is far from exhausted. Last year saw $2bn in revenue from various types of transit, with considerable growth forecast for the next five years. However, the economic crisis has affected our transit revenue, reducing it by $0.5bn in 2009 alone. The country lost out on $83m from gas transit and $72m from railway transit. Comparing trade figures with those of 2008 – the most successful year to date – our 2015 target seems reasonable. “Our transport system is competitive. If it were not for the crisis

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we wou l d h ave e x p an d e d e ve n further,” noted Pavel Bozhanov, the Head of the Belarusian Transport and Communications Ministr y’s Department for Strategic Development, Co-ordination and Investments of Transport Systems, at a press conference in Minsk. “The crisis has affected demand for goods and services, which has led to a fall in transit volumes and revenue from transit activity. However, the crisis is passing and our rivals are ready to fight for their portion of the transit ‘cake’.” Exact calculations, stipulated in Belarus’ Transit Potential Development Strategy for 2011-2015, enable us to correctly set priorities. For example, the document forecasts that, in 2015, revenue from foreign aircraft transiting Belarus is set to total $74m; that from international automobile carriage should bring in $392m while railway cargo and passenger transit could generate $691m. These are significant sums but roadside services should create revenue of $1.2bn – more than the other three together. The question is which modes of transit are most

advantageous to develop and which areas’ potential for growth is limited?

The bugle sounds

Energy transit is a sphere which t radit iona l ly re ceives en hance d attention. Pipelines laid during Soviet times connect Russian oil and gas deposits with European consumers. When the USSR collapsed, intermediary transit states were born. This fact wasn’t understood immediately, which may be the underlying cause of recent oil and gas conflicts… Belarus has been a key player in transporting Russian energy supplies to the West, pumping around 25 percent of Russian gas to Europe, in addition to about 30 percent of exported Russian oil. In 2010, Belarus plans to earn around $220m from transporting Russian oil and double this sum for transiting Russian gas. From 2011-2015, the Russian energy supply situation looks set to change, with Belarus diversifying its supplies. Meanwhile, Russia is to construct new pipelines to reduce its dependence on transit states. The

Vitaliy Gil

transit

Belarusian Government forecasts that, in 2012, as Russian oil pipeline BTS2 comes into operation, the transit of Russian oil via Belarus will fall by 25 percent. Russian oil transit through Belarus has been steadily falling over the past decade. In early 2000, around 85m tonnes were pumped annually but, by 2006, Russia had stopped pumping to Lithuania and oil transit via Belarus fell to just 70m tonnes per year. Economist L eonid Zlotnikov believes, “The volume of Russian oil transit via Belarus will depend on economic and political factors. If our relations with Russia remain steady, Moscow probably won’t use the BTS2 oil pipeline to its full capacity, since it’s a shorter route through Belarus.” The Government is expecting Russian oil transit volumes to continue to fall over the next five years, since

new pipelines are due to come into operation: the Nord Stream (along the bottom of the Baltic Sea, directly to Germany); and the South Stream (in the south of Europe). However, the latter is of more concern to Ukraine than Belarus. Currently, gas is delivered through Belarus to Ukraine, Germany, Poland, Lithuania and Kaliningrad region, via the Belarusian section of the YamalEurop e gas pip eline (owne d by Gazprom) and via Beltransgas pipes (owned equally by Gazprom and Belarus). The Nord Stream pipeline, due to open next year, will be able to transport 55bn cubic metres of gas – currently the entire amount shipped via Belarus. It seems unlikely that Moscow will decide to stop using this route completely, since it would leave them wholly dependent on the

Ukraine pipeline (which can tackle a maximum of 120bn cubic metres). Moreover, the transport distance via Belarus is the shortest. If Gazprom is guided by economic considerations, it can’t ignore the favourable geographical location of our country. Perhaps, we should be prepared for the worst, but hope for the best…

The long road

In terms of its number of automobile roads, Belarus is ranked 16th in the world – while being 8th among potato growing countries. At the last Olympic Games in Beijing, the Belarusian national team came 17th in the team standings. It’s our duty to wisely manage our strategic resources – of which roads can be counted. Roads represent the face of the country; moreover, a well-developed transport network brings economic

2010 беларусь.belarus

transit wellbeing. Recently the Belarusian President announced the creation of four-lane motorways between Minsk and every regional centre as a top priority for coming years. At present, only one transport artery – the M-1/ E30 (‘Moscow highway’) – has four lanes. By 2015, budgetary funds for the road should reach $79m – up 65 percent on today’s figure.

The 2006-2015 Roads of Belarus governmental programme envisages the modernisation of highways, allowing use by trucks bearing up to 11.5 tonnes per axle. To bring our roads to international level, funds are needed. Accordingly, Minsk is addressing Beijing, with a framework agreement already signed with China to modernise and construct a republican road network. “We haven’t come to an agreement yet. China insists that half of the work should be performed by its own specialists while we insist that 85 percent should be conducted by our B elarusian road organisations, since they aren’t currently operating at full capacity,” notes Mr. Bozhanov, the Head of the Transport and Communications Ministry’s Department for Strategic Development, Co-ordination and Investments of Transport Systems. Other investors are also waiting in the wings, such as the World Bank, which has already collaborated with us in previous road construction. Moreover, the former President of Ukraine proposed to ask the EU’s Eastern Partnership for a loan to construct a contemporary MinskKiev motorway. This is a central axe of the 9th Transport Corridor of Europe, starting in Scandinavia and finishing in Greece. It is often referred to as the ‘Varangians to the Greeks’ route.

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Where is logic, where are logistics?

Our roads may be used by foreign cargo trucks but they haven’t yet brought in great amounts of revenue. By 2015, budgetary contributions to public highways will stand at $11m. Transit logistic centres in Holland account for 40 percent of revenue generated by the country’s

transport complex while this figure stands at about 30 percent, on average, in C entral and E astern Europe, including the Baltic States. Sadly, our country boasts just 12 percent and, if we subtract forwarding services, the figure is near zero. This is because we don’t yet have an international level of transport and logistics centres, which would lead to hundreds of millions of US dollars of profit annually. Our transport corridor could generate so much more money if there were adequate logistic centres to process cargoes, packaging and storing. The construction of transport logistics is a priority for Belarus’ economic development, with 18 transport and logistics centres due to be set up in the republic over coming years. Prilesie in Minsk district is being financed by an Iranian investor, with a Belgian investor planning to establish a similar centre near Minsk’s National Airport. An investor from Hong Kong is eager to build a logistics centre in Orsha, at the Aircraft Repair Plant, which will help our country meet its full potential, bringing it to EU levels. “Unfortunately, neither Belarusian nor Russian forwarding companies can rival leading global forwarding or g a n i s at i on s ,” s t re s s e s S e r g e y Zhelanov – the Vice President of the International Federation of Freight

For warders Ass o ciat ions. He is convinced that European forwarders and logisticians earn 50-60bn euros per year; to successfully compete with them we need to ‘reduce prices slightly while keeping quality a top

priority’. He explains, “Logically, goods from South-East Asia coming to Europe should cross Russia and Belarus, since the route is shorter and quicker. However, for some reason, cargo is travelling by sea, taking 40 days instead of a fortnight.” He notes that most European enterprises don’t have warehouses, so are keen for goods to arrive just on time, to avoid the need for storage. “It’s one of the most important factors affecting the work of forwarders and carriers,” Mr. Zhelanov asserts. According to specialists’ calculations, if Belarus were to implement ever ything envisaged by its state logistics development programme, running until 2015, it would generate an additional 20 percent of its current GDP. Of course, some obstacles lie ahead and time is of the essence. “Belarus’ plan to create a system of transport and logistics centres is facing extremely difficult competitive conditions even before it begins,” notes the Head of Apply Logistic’s Department for Development, Dmitry Chernomorets. “The commercial initiative of our neighbours, primarily the Baltic States, could quickly match all our geopolitical advantages, as is happening now. The ‘northern byroad’ is only a few dozen kilometres longer than the shortest route from the EU to Russia via Belarus. Additionally, Lithuania boasts not only a well-

export developed network of terminals, but a seaport on the Baltic Sea, enabling it to process large amounts of sea freight.” D e vel opi ng l o g ist i c s c e nt re s involves more than updating transport infrastructure; serious liberalisation of legislation is also required. Without this, we cannot participate fully. “Without the participation of the entrepreneurial sector, including foreign investors, we won’t be able to meet our targets,” emphasises economist Georgy Grits. “We need an immediate legal basis to unite the resources and efforts of the state and private sector.” This undoubtedly refers to other spheres of the economy too, since development and public welfare depends on the success of liberalisation, initiated only recently. We need new enterprises to start up and for the volume of foreign investments to rise.

Expert opinion

Leonid Zaiko, Head of the Strategy Analytical Centre: Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine once thought, wrongly, that they were irreplaceable, playing a vital role in the transit process. In the early days of independence, each

built its own mythology regarding its importance. Exports of Belarusian milk to Russia bring in more revenue than that generated from annual transit across Belarusian territory. The e arlier we r id ours elves of this ‘transit mythology’, the better. Attempts by Ukraine and Belarus to ‘sit on the pipe’ have resulted in Russia adhering to a strategic scheme of shifting its movement of energy supplies to Europe – southward and northward. The only possible way forward is for Belarus to move from light transit to true European transit. We need to decide which roads will be the major ones, with a good 4-6-lane motorway running from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. Secondly, we also need to set up a system of warehouses, as well as freight-handling and sorting centres to store, classify and re-direct cargo. This is being done in neighbouring states and is as vital as manufacturing itself. State and private capital may take part in creating infra-

Expanding export geography Belarus’ exports may double by 2015

structure, since individuals have around $10bn of capital and are looking for places to invest it. Reverse oil transit is also important; Unecha-Ventspils oil pipeline can work in reverse, pumping oil to the Baltic Sea ports. This would transform Belarus into a fully-fledged transit country, with all the ensuing benefits.

elarus boasts enough potential to at least double its exports by 2015, notes Piotr Nikitenko, an academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus who participated in the preparation of the National Export Development Programme for 2006-2010. He explains, “Fulfilment of the task will be possible if GDP annual growth reaches 6-7 percent. These are the lower boundaries of the indices that should be fulfilled- or, even, over-fulfilled – in order to achieve better living conditions countrywide.” According to Mr. Nikitenko, Belarus has been developing export-import relations with over 160 countries, especially focusing on exports of goods and services to Russia, Ukraine, China, America and Africa. “I’m confident that our country will soon be able to expand its export geography, building a multi-directional export policy,” he stresses. In gaining new markets, our traditional trading partners should not be neglected, of course. “We are striving to diversify our markets. However, a shift to new markets requires much time and effort. This is why we should keep a strong foothold within our old markets,” Mr. Nikitenko adds. A draft National Export Development Programme for 2011-2015 is being prepared for the end of the year. An interdepartmental commission has been set up - chaired by Foreign Minister Sergei Martynov - to define the country’s midterm foreign trade development strategy.

By Igor Kolchenko

By Olga Borovchenko9

2010 беларусь.belarus

economy

Financial debut This summer, Belarus joined the global bond market for the first time, placing $1bn of Eurobonds. Next year, it plans to attract the same sum with a new financial instrument

xperts believe Belarus is losing $2bn annually due to new duties placed by Russia on its oil deliveries. Since January 1st, 2010, Russia has been collecting export fees on raw materials supplied to Belarus for resale. Belarus asserts that this measure contradicts the terms of the Customs Union. The duties are impairing the work of Belarus’ oil processing plants in

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Novopolotsk and Mozyr, while influencing the country’s financial state. To balance the state budget and external account, Belarus is resorting to foreign loans. Previously, Minsk enjoyed active co-operation with the International Monetary Fund, compensating it for losses incurred by Moscow’s sharp increase in gas prices. However, this March, Belarus received its final tranche from the IMF, with the total

volume of loans reaching $3.5bn. Further loans will not be immediately forthcoming. The Chairman of the National Bank, Piotr Prokopovich, recently announced that collaboration with the IMF has been useful to Belarus, since its loans are offered at low rates, and on convenient redemption terms. However, he stresses that ‘the Fund never gives resources without special conditions, which don’t always contribute to the enhancement of a country’s economic development’. He explains that the Belarusian economic model centres on improving citizens’ standard of living and, in this respect, Minsk and the IMF differ in their standpoint. By late 2010, t he B elar usian Government plans to ensure minimum salaries countrywide of $500 (in equivalent). According to the National Statistical Committee, in June, the average salary stood at Br1,298,000 – or $435. The IMF has criticised these plans as imprudent, recommending a temporary freeze on salaries. However, Mr. Prokopovich v i e w s t h e r i s e a s ‘an obj e c t ive necessity’. The placement of Eurobonds is an alternative to further IMF loans, since they allow macroeconomic conditions to be controlled freely (without freezing salaries). They operate on a free market, without state interference regarding pricing or privatisation, giving the Government and the National Bank space to manoeuvre, while receiving much needed funds. T he 2 0 1 1 d r af t st ate bu d ge t envisages a deficit of 3 percent of

context GDP. The Finance Minister, Andrei Kharkovets, explains that some part of this deficit - $826m (in equivalent) – is to be financed from external sources, via Eurobonds. Foreign investors are showing increasing interest in Belarusian bonds, with the first issue (in July) attracting 145 market participants from all over the world, generating $600m for Belarus. In Au g u s t , M i ns k i s s u e d m ore bonds and attracted another $400m. Authoritative BNP Paribas, Deutsche Bank, The Royal Bank of Scotland and Russia’s Sberbank have jointly organised the issue of these Belarusian bonds, with ASB Belarusbank. The first issue has a yield of 9 percent, which is relatively high but is in keeping with Belarus’ position as a novice on the global borrowing market; being an ‘unknown quantity’, the bonds are viewed as more high risk. The second issue has slightly less profitable terms, with a rate of 8.25 percent. Mr. Kharkovets notes that such rates will fall as trust grows in Belarusian b onds, with our state receiving loans on more profitable terms. Oleg Andreev, a specialist in international and stock operations at a Belarusian commercial bank, views our joining of the international capital market as a positive trend, raising large financial institutions’ interest in Belarus. The state, companies and banks alike will be able to place their bonds on foreign markets in the future (ASB Belarusbank has already voiced such plans). As result, borrowing sources will be diversified. Investors buying Belarusian bonds are thoroughly studying the economic processes of the countr y, stimulating the Government to ensure its decisions are considered and transparent. Experts say that, to ensure the redemption of Eurobonds, a high pace of GDP growth is vital (at least 8-9 percent). The Belarusian Government aims for economic growth of 11 percent by late 2010. By Vitaly Volyanyuk

From Venezuela to Emirates Belarus’ National Academy of Sciences plans to increase exports 2.5-fold by 2015

Enhancing activity Central banks of Belarus and Poland to expand co-operation

he central banks are expanding their collaboration in all areas, particularly in the sphere of developing and implementing monetary-credit policy and preparation and training of personnel. Moreover, border interaction between the two banks’ territorial branches is high on the agenda. A corresponding agreement has been reached during negotiations between the Chairman of the National Bank’s Board, Piotr Prokopovich, and the President of the National Bank of Poland, Marek Belka, in Brest. The two sides have also exchanged opinions on the socio-economic development of both countries, as well as on the condition and prospects of their banking systems. The results of monetary-credit policy have also received attention, as has co-operation with international financial organisations. Talks noted that, recently, productive partnerships have been set up between the central banks of Belarus and Poland, especially in reference to collaborative bank staff training. Representational offices of Belarusbank JSSB, BPS-Bank JSC and Belinvestbank JSC are operating in Poland, with Polish capital present in Belarus’ banking system.

ast year, National Academy of Sciences’ companies produced export-oriented products and fulfilled services for foreign customers, while attracting grants - worth a total of $17m. Its leading academic secretary, Sergey Chizhik, tells us that, in 2010, the NAS plans to export $30m of goods. In 2009, the National Academy of Sciences enhanced its collaboration with Venezuela and the Middle East’s UAE and Saudi Arabia. “The NAS is also expanding contacts with Asia, Africa and Latin America. Agreements worth over $20m have already been concluded,” Mr. Chizhik explains, adding that two major projects are receiving financing - dealing with DNA technologies and the analysis of cosmic data.

Projects reap clear results Belarus takes part in projects relating to Kazakhstan’s industrialisation

he Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Kazakhstan to Belarus, H.E. Mr. Anatoly Smirnov, has told journalists in Minsk that Belarus is among the most active CIS countries in terms of helping Kazakhstan’s industrialisation programme – as approved in 2010 by the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. Belarus and Kazakhstan have made the highest level agreements to implement several dozen projects within this programme. Belarusian enterprises are now working jointly with their partners on some national level projects. The largest project deals with the creation of a service base to sell and maintain BelAZ heavy duty dump trucks. Projects dealing with the assembly of Belarusian agricultural machinery and lifts are also being implemented at a local level.

2010 беларусь.belarus

energetics alternatives

Kilowatts from environment Wind, sun, oil shale and atom applied as alternative energy sources

nergy security worldwide is a top priority for so many nations, since prices, volumes and sources of energy determine each state’s deve-lopment. Last year, Belarus spent 24 percent of its GDP on energy supplies. However, within five years’ time, such expenditure should halve against 2005 figures, according to Belarus’ Energy Potential Development Strategy targets, recently adopted, and running until late 2020. What is the essence of this document?

What, when and how much to construct

Belarus no longer wishes to restrict itself to relying on Russia as its only energy supplier. Moreover, our country plans to spend $45.9bn over the next decade on modernising its energy branch. Leonid Padalko, the chief research officer at the Economics Institute’s Innovative

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Development Department (National Academy of Sciences of Belarus) tells us, “The document outlines definite areas for the imminent development of the energy industry: what, when and how much to construct. The strategy clearly stipulates which types of generating capacities should be introduced, as well as the amount of energy imports and from which countries. Diversification of natural gas and oil supplies will continue, with most gas still delivered from Russia. However, we aim to start importing liquefied gas from North Africa. Oil supplies are also being diversified, with Venezuela and Iran allocating us several field deposits for development.” By 2020, our own energy resources should account for at least 32 percent, with local fuels and renewable energy resources more widely used. Of course, we need to develop our resource base but will focus on extracting local mineral resources and applying renewable energy

sources, while pinning hopes on the future nuclear power station.

Easy oil

Belarus possesses little oil, with only 1.7m tonnes planned for extraction this year. Since our large deposits are in their final stage of development, and have a high water content, the coming years will see even less ‘black gold’ being extracted. The deficient amount has traditionally been bought from Russia. However, recent events have shown the danger of relying on a single supplier. Oil extraction in other countries should help us become less dependent on Russian oil. The efficiency of oil supplies from Venezuela, Azerbaijan and Persian Gulf countries via Baltic and Black Sea ports has already been calculated, with a contract signed in March 2010. This envisages the shipment of 4m tonnes of Venezuelan oil annually, with deliveries rising to 10m tonnes in future. Belarus plans to extract 9.3m tonnes of oil from Iran over the coming decade, with the Belarusian-Iranian JV Belpars Petroleum Company Ltd. taking part in developing Jofeir oil deposit; it is now being prepared for industrial development.

Oil shale proves useful

Belarus boasts two deposits of this mineral resource – at Lyubanskoe and Turovskoe. The volumes are great but of low quality, so aren’t suitable for direct burning. However, scientists are sure that they can be used for solid thermal processing (the most efficient use of oil shale). By 2014, a mining and chemical plant should be operational, extracting and processing 5m tonnes of oil shale annually.

Nuclear power station and other energy sites

The new domestic nuclear power station, planned for Ostrovets district, may cost $9.334bn to set up initially, with the first energy unit coming into exploitation in 2016, followed by a second in 2018. Additionally, 34 energy sites, attracting loans from Chinese banks, are to be constructed in Belarus. These

alternatives energeticse include a heat power electric station in Brest, a 330KW power transmission line (Bereza hydroelectric power station-Pinsk-Mikashevichi), and hydroelectric power plants in Nemnovo, Vitebsk, Beshenkovichi, Verkhnedvinsk, Rechitsa, Mogilev and Shklov. Eleven energy switching substations are to be built in Minsk using Chinese loans. By 2015, 161 energy sources running on local fuels will have been introduced, with imported fuels and energy sources substituted by local fuels. This should enable the country to save over 486,000 tonnes of conventional fuel.

Growing fuel

Timber – one of our most renewable sources – needs to be applied more actively. Annually, our forests are increasing in size by 25m cubic metres, creating around 6m cubic metres of firewood. By late 2020, the latter should have risen just a little more – reaching 7m cubic metres. According to specialists, by this time, the forestry industry will be utilising more of its low quality timber (used to manufacture chipboard panels) and its timber waste (creating up to 2m cubic metres of fuel). P r e v i o u s l y, timber was burnt exclusively in its pure state; now, p ellets, briquettes and fuel chips are more efficient, with the volume of such manufactures rising each year.

Harnessing the wind

“Belarus could generate up to 30 percent of its energy via renewable energy sources,” stresses the Executive Director of Renewable Energy Association, Vladimir Nistyuk. “The most vital state tasks could be solved at a local level by using energy from the wind, sun and water.” Big hopes are pinned on wind power engineering. At present, our country’s wind units generate just 1.2MW of such energy

but 1,840 locations have been determined for further installation, capable of creating over 1,600MW. One of the largest projects is being launched next year, with a 160MW wind park planned for Dzerzhinsk district of Minsk region – operational by 2014.

Energy has no smell

Agricultural and communal waste can also make their contribution to enhancing the country’s energy security. By 2012, 39 bio-gas facilities and energy sources (running on landfill gas) will have been constructed. According to strategy developers, our country could annually generate over 500m cubic metres of biogas – equivalent to 430,000 tonnes of conventional fuel. The manufacture of domestic bio-gas units can help achieve this goal, since they generate gas while simultaneously recycling organic waste, solving a host of ecological problems.

Stopping profits from leaking

Mr. Nistyuk believes that one of the most promising areas for Belarus is the development of hydraulic power. At present, our hy d r a u l i c power stations generate just over 16MW. I t ’s m o r e economically feasible to use our rivers to generate up to 250MW of eletricity. Over the next five years, half of this potential should come into operation, with several hydraulic power plants built on the Zapadnaya Dvina and Nieman rivers, boasting a total capacity of 120MW. Ten existing stations are to be restored and 35 smaller hydraulic power stations are to be newly built. All these projects require colossal financial funding but our country’s energy potential (and our standard of living) for the foreseeable future depends of their implementation.

High level potential Space technologies and nuclear power are priorities for Belarusian scientists

riority areas have been determined for Belarus’ high-tech sphere for 2011-2015. The First Deputy Chairman of the State Science and Technology Committee of Belarus, Vladimir Nedilko, tells us that information-communication and space technologies are next to be actively developed, alongside bio- and nanotechnologies and nuclear power. Belarusian scientists will also focus on the creation of high-tech manufactures and new materials. Mr. Nedilko stresses that Belarus possesses huge potential in the IT sphere, with around 1,000 highly qualified programmers annually graduating from Belarusian universities. “We have plenty of organisations and companies involved in software development, as well as consumers,” he stresses. However, major demand for IT products comes from abroad, including Russia. Nanotechnologies are a new area for Belarus and other post-Soviet countries, with the sphere being brought to industrial level within the next few years. Belarus is also keen to create bio-technologies of the highest level. “We have well developed agriculture and possess enough resources. Biotechnologies can help us enhance our processing and quality,” notes Mr. Nedilko. By Tatiana Chumakova

2010 беларусь.belarus

energetIcis research

Sun has plenty of energy European map of photovoltaics, transforming solar power into electricity, proves very impressive. The level of illumination in Belarus is far lower than in Spain, Italy or Greece. Rather, the level throughout Belarus corresponds to that found in the south of Germany. However, Germany has recently begun to use solar energy to power its lighting. Via photovoltaics, it plans to receive up to 18 percent of its generated electricity via solar power. It’s an excellent example!

any argue that our blue-lake country is unlucky in having just 30 cloudless days and 180 partially clear days annually. How can we generate solar power under such conditions? A draft law on renewable energy sources is currently being developed but has nothing to say about solar power. The idea is somewhere near the end of the list of alternatives to traditional hydrocarbons – after local fuels, and the use of wind, water and biogas. “Our priority areas for scientific investigation cover the development of solar elements, with investigations conducted and financed by the Academy of Sciences. There are certain questions regarding the amount of allocated funds, however,” notes the Head of the Photoelectronic Transformers Laboratory at the National Academy of Sciences’ Physics Institute, Valery Zalessky. “Jointly with the Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics and Gomel’s State University, we’re planning a comprehensive programme in this sphere for the next five years. It includes

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a shift from the usual expensive silicon slabs, which house solar elements, towards thin-film transformers. We’ll use not only vacuum coating but, also, cheaper chemical or electrochemical technologies. Such films should absorb a wider solar light spectrum, including all infra-red and ultra-violet emissions. These and other projects, many of which are close to implementation, will enable us to reduce material intensity. The price of solar elements should become affordable, making photovoltaics more competitive.” The pioneering solutions of Physics Institute scientists include a holographic concentrator of solar emissions, which enables the photon detector to work efficiently, even on a cloudy day. Collecting solar rays from a great area and sending them to a solar battery’s photo element isn’t a new idea, with Western firms currently exploring this sphere. However, the idea for our Belarusian holographic lens is that solar beams would be gathered from an area exceeding that of the photon detector by 100 and, even, 1,000 times (foreign prototypes are only operating on the basis of 10-fold enlarge-

ment). Due to its applied technologies, it would be far cheaper. The lens hasn’t been designed yet but the necessary calculations have been conducted and the necessary materials have been prepared. We have experience and our own technologies regarding similar optical elements, used for other purposes. Researchers don’t doubt their success. An increased concentration of solar emissions would be a true breakthrough, enabling us to confidently speak of future helio-energy development in Belarus. Undoubtedly, the development of an efficient photo transformer – the major component in the system – will be most vital. However, we primarily need to create a special industrial branch, manufacturing everything necessary for photovoltaics used in solar power systems, while also training personnel. Scientists believe that it’s logical to first set up a scientific practical centre for photovoltaics at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. This will help develop the innovative product, finding technical solutions for production problems. By Pavel Dmitriev

research energeticse

Accessible interactive access The government hopes that, by 2015, all Belarusians will be able to save time and money by making use of IT via the society information development strategy adopted by the Council of Ministers

oday, only around 18 Belarusian residents out of 100 can boast hig h-sp e e d bro adb and Inter net access. However, within the next five years, this figure should reach 38. Additionally, Wi-Fi access should increase, allowing us to surf the Net in most public places. It’s thought that 53 out of each 100 citizens will become subscribers of mobile access – against today’s 30.5. It’s evident that this growth will only be possible if people feel that they can afford such services, while believing that they will

Flying without pilot

make their life more convenient. We must hope for further tariff reductions alongside the appearance of new Internet services; we can already pay our bills via the global network, and make purchases online, but the range of opportunities should be expanded. By 2015, all domestic schools should have Internet access, with at least half of all medical documentation available in electronic form. Our lives should also become more interactive in other spheres. For example, around one third of goods and services should be retailed via the Internet, with state purchases moving completely to the World Wide Web. The websites of state authorities are to become interactive and available to every citizen, halving the time spent on receiving certificates and other documents. As a result of launching its information society strategy, the government hopes to reduce state expenses while making domestic produce more competitive and making our c ou nt r y m ore attractive to investors.

Scientists from Belarus’ National Academy of Sciences soon to export pilotless aircraft

Opportunities for Internet access are being constantly widened

Alexander Ruzhechka

By Andrey Romashevsky

he National Academy of Sciences’ Physical-Technical Institute is currently organising production of pilotless aircraft and super-light pilotless planes (using modern technologies), in addition to pilotless aircraft of medium and large classes. Each has a wide sphere of application, including monitoring of emergency situations, the weather and roads and control over state borders. The planes can also be used to spot unlicensed wood cutting and poaching in national parks and protected areas. “We are tasked with supplying this machinery to third countries, with corresponding possibilities now being studied,” explains Mikhail Kheifets, the Deputy Academician-Secretary of the National Academy of Sciences’ Department for Physical-Engineering Sciences. “Our exact list of buyers will become known only after production is launched; we’ll then be able to start mass production of pilotless aircraft.” The official believes that our domestic machinery will be able to compete with foreign analogues, matching it in terms of quality. Pi l ot l e s s ai rc r af t h ave s om e advantages over planes operated by pilots. They require less infrastructure (aerodromes and expensive pilot training) which makes them cheaper and more adaptable (taking off from the palm of the hand and landing by parachute). By Olga Polyakova

2010 беларусь.belarus

labour market

Seasonal integration According to specialists, last year, Belarusians working abroad accounted for 1 percent of GDP. It may seem modest but it’s a serious figure, considerably influencing Belarus’ macroeconomic indicators. Clearly, Belarusians are a visible element in the world’s workforce

he market of foreign labour prima– rily attracts Belarusians in three spheres. Most women are employed in the service sphere: as waitresses, cleaners and kitchen staff, as well as taking care of older people and small children. Some work seasonally: helping on farms, especially during harvest times; and at foreign hotels and leisure sites during the holiday months. Young people comprise the larger part of this group, with some working on reception desks at holiday resorts or accompanying tourist groups. The final segment of workers is the largest, comprising construction workers. It can be difficult for them to acquire a EU work visa, so they tend to travel to neighbouring countries. According to recent assessments by Russian immigration services, around 300,000 Belarusian builders are working there. The economic crisis has significantly influenced Belarusians’ desire to work abroad, with the usual MinskMoscow route losing its appeal in the last 18-24 months. “We have enough new construction sites to employ

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our labour force, while t h e Ru s s i a n c a p i t a l’s construction is slowing; it no longer lures our builders so easily from our blue-eyed country, like moths to lamp lig ht. Mos cow doesn’t need labour as urgently as it once did, so salaries have fallen; many of our builders now prefer to work on t h e d om e s t i c m a r k e t ,” n o t e s Galina Tyurina, a manager with the La Strada p r o g ramme in Belarus. According to official data, in H1 2010, only 1,600 construction specialists from Belarus found work in Russia. Equally, the EU is not inviting Belarusian builders in the way it did some 3-4 years ago, when many specialists were working in economically strong EU states such as Germany, the UK, Sweden and France. At present, these

vacancies are being filled by workers from Poland and the Baltic States – new EU member countries. According to official statistics, vacancies are rare and tend to be in countries whose own specialised workforce has moved to more developed countries. The chief specialist for foreign labour migration at the Interior Ministr y’s Depar tment for Citizenship and Migration, Nat a li a Osmolovskaya, notes that, in H1 2010, t he of f i c i a l nu mb e r of Belarusians who legally left to work abroad stood at 3,240. Of these, 2,083 h ai l e d f rom Mi ns k . Un d o u b t e d l y, m o s t choose the traditional route to Russia, while the remaining destinations are rather exotic. Around 257 people left for Poland, 19 went to the Czech Republic to gather berries and 20 and 26 found jobs relating to tourism in Bahrain and the UAE correspondingly. The majority are students of higher educational

news establishments, with 1,181 travelling abroad on a work visa. Of course, official statistics are likely to represent only the tip of the iceberg. In 2005, the Head of State signed Decree No.3, which drastically changed t he r u les for B el ar usi ans wishing to travel abroad. Companies involved in employing Belarusian citizens abroad were obliged to gain a licens e from the Interior Ministry’s Department for Citizenship and Migration. At present, 56 such companies operate on the Belarusian market, with each obliged to provide clients with complete information on how to find job abroad. Unfortunately, most B elarusians don’t inform either the Interior Ministry or any other authority of their desire to go abroad. According to Belarusian legislation, every citizen has the right to work abroad, when such work is performed in line with the law of the destination country. This right can be realised in three ways: an employee can independently find a foreign employer, who sends an invitation; employment may be found within employment quotas, approved by the state; and, the least popular, is via staff

commercial agencies, who act as intermediaries in searching for vacancies. One curious new trend is for Belarus itself to become a refuge for migrants. According to the Analytical Centre for Social and Labour Monitor ing at t he B elar usian Ministr y for Labour and Social Protection’s Scientific and Research Institute of Labour, our workforce from abroad has re c e nt l y d ou b l e d . In 2009, over 4,800 foreigners arrived in Belarus to work under contract (from 6 to 12 months), with over 1,300 hailing from Ukraine, around 1,000 f rom Turke y and almost 800 from Lithuania. The remainder arrived from Vietnam, Moldova, Tajikistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and China. The latter could soon become our major supplier of immigrant labour, as the Belarusian Interior Ministry has decided to award work visas to 600 Chinese citizens. It is the first time in the history of the Department for Citizenship and Migration that such a volume of foreign workers has been given permits.

Bridge to history Rope bridge to appear at Zapadny Bug River near Brest Fortress’ Terespol Gates

he bridge will unite barracks along the perimeter of the citadel with the Terespol fortifications – unavailable until now to visitors to the Brest Hero Fortress, due to the water obstacle. The bridge is to be an authentic reproduction of that built in the late 19th century,

By Alexey Bestemyanov

when it was the largest among similar bridges in Russia. During the siege of Brest Fortress in June 1941, the unique bridge was destroyed. Standing on the bank of the Zapadny Bug River, many believe that fortress defence began there; however, before this, the Germans had to battle the brave defenders on the opposite bank of the Zapadny Bug. Withstanding enemy attacks, the defenders managed to cross the rope bridge and attacked the

 Hauliers show their mettle Nikolay Sakharchuk, from Brest, has won a selective round at the sixth contest for professional long distance truckers, organised by the BAIRC – Belarusian Association of International Road Carriers – in Brest

e led in three out of the four events, showing the best knowledge of customs clearance procedures for international transportation and road regulations in different countries. He also demonstrated virtuoso driving of a heavy load truck and was among the final 33 for rational use of fuel. Mr. Sakharchuk has been employed by joint venture Westavto for over fifteen years; the transport company was set up after the Brest branch of Sovtransavto closed (following the USSR’s collapse). Another Brest driver – Nikolay Martynchuk – came second. The two hauliers are now preparing for a national contest, hoping to win. Germans from the rear. As a result, the first invaders found themselves encircled and suffered heavy losses. Museum expositions are to be placed in the preserved buildings of the Terespol fortifications, detailing the events of history. Construction of the bridge will enable us to open a pedestrian border crossing point on the right bank of the river, with a simplified visa regime. By Felix Mokharev

2010 беларусь.belarus

business development

Business immunity According to world practice, business incubators reduce the risk incurred by small businesses during their first year of existence by around 30 percent. However, structures in Belarus providing assistance to start-up entrepreneurs are currently operating by their own laws – rather than by world experience

he Belarusian Economy Mi n i st r y h a s c a l c u lated that, at present, 50 entrepreneurial support centres are operating countrywide. These primarily offer information and consultative services, as well as assistance in preparing business plans, in organising marketing research and in training personnel. The Economy Ministry stresses that these entrepreneurial support centres are very popular, with almost 35,000 using them in H1 2010. “We shouldn’t confuse entrepreneurial support centres with business incubators,” explains Victor Margelov, the Chairman of the Republican Confederation of Entrepreneurship. “Actually, business incubators are a wider phenomenon, offering not only administrative help but a whole range of ancillary services to entrepreneurs: from practical aid regarding management and finances to sourcing office premises and equipment.” According to Mr. Margelov, less than a dozen such centres can be called incubators and even these don’t offer the full list of services

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a small business needs. “Recently, a session of the Entrepreneurship Development Council discussed the creation of a business incubator for representatives of small and medium-sized businesses, to be located within Minsk FEZ. I was greatly surDuring a businessforum

prised to learn that the major businesses in our country oppose such structures. According to entrepreneurs, start-up businesses should be encouraged and supported by means of preferential terms regarding tax, bank loans and allocation of land lots,” comments Mr. Margelov. “There’s an ambiguous attitude towards business incubators in Belarus,” notes Vladimir Karyagin, the Chairman of Minsk’s Capital Association of Entrepreneurs and Employers. Meanwhile, Georgy Badei, the Chairman of the Professor Kunyavsky Business Union of Entrepreneurs and Employers, defends those structures which support businessmen. He notes that their current level suits Belarusian conditions. “In our country, most business inc ub ators are commercial organisations.” In western countries, a municipal fund usually exists at each business incubator, giving loans to small businesses. In Belarus, such centres tend only to offer premises on beneficial terms rather than the whole range of services. Smaller businesses need access to legal and financial advice so that they can turn ideas from pipedreams into reality, creating real working and profitable enterprises. By Yevgeny Milovanov

development businesse

“B

y the end of the year, we’ll begin to select and realise our pro-jects,” notes the Director of the Belarusian Innovation Fund, Anatoly Grishanovich. “Our Fund has received requests for venture project financing from our country’s research institutes and centres, as well as private enterprises. Most are in the spheres of IT communications and medicine.” At present, experts are compiling a package of documents listing the nature of each potential innovative project to

able to implement their projects by attracting foreign investments. The Belarusian Government has adopted a decree outlining the terms of venture financing; the Belarusian Innovation Fund is charged with providing financing. The decree also stipulates procedures for setting up venture enterprises, their activity and tax liabilities. Experts believe that the creation of a venture financing system in Belarus should help stimulate new projects relating to research and development of the latest high-tech goods.

Good chance Implementation of venture projects in Belarus scheduled for end of year

be implemented via the venture scheme. Consultations have been organised, with the necessary preparatory work underway. Speaking of venture projects in Belarus, Mr. Grishanovich notes that they are rather long-term, usually lasting five or more years. Belarus is also negotiating beneficial terms with potential investors from the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Russia, all of whom are keen to finance our venture projects. Belarus is ready to offer definite privileges to them. The first Belarusian Venture Fair, scheduled for November, should help set up new contacts with foreign companies while attracting additional investments into venture projects. It will become a negotiating venue for the direct and venture investment industry, as well as for companies involved in technological innovations. Such fairs are held worldwide, attended by managers and partners of large foreign venture funds and direct investments funds, top managers of investment companies and banks, heads of major financial organisations, and directors of stock exchanges. Researchers and representatives of innovative companies should soon be

At present, scientists with high-risk projects are reluctant to bring them to life, concerned over potential failure; accordingly, many promising scientific ideas remain unfulfilled. International experience shows that, even if only one in ten such projects is a success, this can cover the losses of the rest. By Oksana Velikhova

Expert assistance Centre to Support Small and Medium-Sized Businesses opens in Gomel

he centre of expert and consultative support for small and medium-sized businesses has been established as part of a joint EU / UNDP initiative – Minimising the Negative C onsequences of the Chernobyl Catastrophe in Belarus. It will offer free consultations to local small and medium-sized businesses during its first three months of operation. The centre is staffed with specialists on matters of trade, business and law, who are ready to answer the questions of start-up entrepreneurs and of anyone facing unexpected difficulties in running their own business. A qualified lawyer is available to help entrepreneurs navigate the law and phone and email advice is also on hand, with questions answered within a single day. The centre’s primary goal is to help young and first-time entrepreneurs while promoting entrepreneurial activity in rural areas. Its specialists will provide information on such aspects of local development as agroecotourism, crafts, rural guesthouses, bee-keeping, community services, growing berries and mushrooms and fish farming. The centre is also a part of business training complex, overseen by the EU / UNDP in four districts of the Gomel region: Vetka, Khoiniki, Zhitkovichi and Buda-Koshelevo. Over a three mont h p er io d, twenty s eminars are to be organised, alongside four fairs promoting jobs and business ideas. A regional conference is also scheduled, involving the local and regional business elite.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Georgiy Shablyuk

expertise

Focus of development Belarus is successfully overcoming the consequences of the global crisis but what’s next? Mikhail Kovalev, the Dean of the Belarusian State University’s Economy Department, shares his views

Expert opinion What signs are there of stabilisation within our economy? The global crisis has affected the Belarusian economy in one factor alone: other countries are buying less of our produce. However, our export supplies are gradually reviving. Revenue from transport and logistics services, as well as from agriculture, is already outstripping pre-crisis levels. Let’s hope that we’ll be able to progress in other directions too. Changes in oil processing conditions have significantly influenced our economy, with exports of oil products failing to return to their precrisis level. This hasn’t considerably influenced the balance of currencies,

беларусь.belarus 2010

however; exports and imports of oil have fallen but so have subsidies to this branch from the state budget. Over all, the trade balance has improved; it remains negative, yet the gap between exports and imports is reducing. Our economy should become more stable when oil supplies to our country stabilise and we gain equal conditions with the Russians; we are part of a single customs space. Let’s hope this happens next year. This year, the National Bank has been consistently reducing the refinancing rate. How will this influence the cost of loans, interest rates on savings and inflation? The reduction of the National Bank’s refinancing rate will positively influence all those taking out loans. However, those saving with

banks will earn less interest. If the refinancing rate falls, loans become cheaper, leading to falling revenue from deposits. Over all, this is good for the economy, as higher interest rates br ing en hance d inf l at ion. I’m convinced that, if we promptly reduce the refinancing rate, inflation will fall this year. You’ve said that the currency market has become more stable. What do you think the exchange rate of the Belarusian rouble might be in future? It’s evident that the exchange rate will stay within the targeted 5 percent fluctuation against the basket of currencies. This basket contains currencies used by our major trade partners in their foreign trade settlements: US dollars, euros and Russian roubles. I’ve always supported a stable exchange rate. When the economy is highly importdependant, excessive devaluation won’t stimulate it. A stable exchange rate brings strong salaries, stable interest rates and no losses on savings in the national currency. I’m very pleased that, today, the National Bank is adhering to the same point of view. Which currency do you advise us to save in? Priority is given to deposits in Belarusian roubles. If we speak about foreign currencies, my position remains unchanged: for long-term savings, euros are best and dollars suit short-term deposits. This is easily explainable: the US dollar may strengthen against the euro in the short-term but the euro will grow stronger as time passes. It’s even better to choose the Chinese yuan, since the Chinese authorities continue to keep the strength of their national currency in check. Meanwhile, the Americans insistently protest against such a policy. If the Chinese agree, the yuan could rise in value by 1.5 times against the US dollar, so holders of yuan savings will see a good return. By Roman Yevgeniev

exposition

Stork on the roof National Exposition of Belarus visited by over 3m people at Shanghai EXPO-2010

n average, our pavilion is visited by 35-40,000 guests daily, primarily by C h i n e s e c it i z e n s . Many tourists f rom Europ e and North and South America have been perusing our stand and, by the close on October 30th, around 7m visitors will have stepped into the Belarusian pavilion. The Belarusian stand is located at the centre of Shanghai EXPO-2010, on Europe Square. It occupies 1,000sq.m – with half allocated by the Chinese free of charge. There’s a souvenir shop in the pavilion, selling straw items and goods by Neman Glassworks and Dobrush Porcelain Works. However, it is our Luch bracket and wall clocks bearing EXPO-2010 emblems and logos which are enjoying the greatest demand. Small souvenirs, such as wooden figurines of aurochs and storks – symbols of Belarus, are also proving very popular. The National Bank of Belarus especially released a silver commemorative coin for the opening of the exhibition, with over 100 Interest in Belarusian pavilion is extremely high

purchased by tourists during a oneday special presentation. Meanwhile, unique postal stamps have been released by the Communications Ministry. T he B el ar us i an p av i l i on has already been visited by delegations f rom G omel, Brest and Vitebsk regions. From August-September, delegations from Mogilev, Minsk and Grodno regions will arrive, conducting negotiations with various Chinese regional authorities and signing contacts for long-term tradeeconomic collaboration. Contact and co-operation exchanges are also scheduled. According to the Deputy Chairman of the Belarusian Chamber of Commerce and Industr y, Yuri Lositsky, interest in the Belarusian pavilion is extremely high, with visitors particularly noting its unusual decoration; it has a huge circle located in its roof, where holograms are p r o j e c t e d by a small flying stork. Chinese children are often

seen in the pavilion, looking at panoramic ar tistic pictures and photos. The construction and arrangement of the pavilion and payment of technical staff has cost Belarus around $2m. The National Pavilion Day of Belarus at Shanghai’s EXPO-2010 will take place on October 11th, with the national flag of the republic hoisted over the central square and the country’s anthem played. It will feature gala-concerts, including great professionals from Belarus. Four folk bands have already been entertaining tourists and residents in Shanghai, playing at the Belarusian venue. Each plays for a fortnight on average. So far, Radost from Brest region, Toloka from Vitebsk and Gomini and Laritsa from Gomel region have played, alongside Belye Rosy Song, Music and Dance Ensemble from Grodno region. A major governmental and state delegation plans to attend, with Shanghai’s Mayor delivering a welcome address. They will then continue on to Beijing, with delegations from B elarusian regions focusing on trade-economic collaboration between our two states. Shanghai’s EXPO-2010 is a noncommercial event, with no contracts signed or industrial samples demonstrated. Rather, it aims to promote each country, displaying achievements while showing a wider image of the country. This year’s topic is Better City – Better Life. EXPO-2010 is expected to be one of the biggest events of the last 150 years, featuring 240 states. According to specialists, the for u m ( l ast i ng until October 31st) will have been attended by over 100m guests. By Lyubov Petrovskaya

2010 беларусь.belarus

creativity

Tableware worthy of the Vatican

he city of Dobrush, in Gomel region, is situated beside the picturesque River Iput. Surrounded by streams, it is commonly known as a ‘Belarusian Venice’ and was first mentioned in 1560, connected with a romantic legend. It was said that, in Pagan times, when people worshipped the Sun, they gathered at a wonderful oak grove, situated on the cape of a small river. They were pondering whether to stay for a while or move on when an old man looked at the oaks and said, “Dobrosh.” He stretched his hands towards the river and pronounced, “Iput.” Ever since, the place they chose to live has been called Dobrush while the river providing them with food and acting as a road has been known as the Iput. Today, the city in the south-east of Belarus is very modern, situated within Gomel’s Polesie, bordering Russia and Ukraine. It is home to about 19,000 residents, who are majorly employed by its paper, light, food and construction materials industries, alongside its porcelain-producing plant (established three decades ago).

Everything begins here

In 1975, the decision was made to set up production of porcelain

беларусь.belarus 2010

Dobrush Porcelain Factory among brightest calling cards of industrial Belarus tableware in the city. For provincial Dobrush, this became a significant event and a real prospect for the

lived through the drastic changes of the early 1990s, shifting its ownership. In January 1997, it became a joint stock company, known as Dobrush Porcelain Factory, as it is today. The factory sources its raw materials primarily from Russia and Ukraine, with about 20 percent of auxiliary materials produced in Belarus. The factory now offers over 300 products, each with a unique design solution, and its staff still paint by hand, using cobalt – a skill lost to many masters.

New paths

Artsist Natalia Bespalikova has lots of Ideas

district centre’s development, since urban life is driven by new production facilities. The factory produced its first manufactures three years later and

The factory has taken various decisions to help it survive the 21st century, having weathered the economic and financial crisis largely owing to its renovation and re-equipment. In 2007, the factory was technically modernised, with a high-speed, energy-saving furnace for second stage firing installed. As a result, fuel expenses have fallen by almost 30 percent while quality has improved. Moreover, there’s less waste, demonstrating that the plant is developing well. Significant savings have enabled it to set moderate prices for its manufactures. Many producers are facing hard times, since the crisis of 2009 has ‘crushed’ several major Russian and

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creativity

Consumers are delighted with Dobrush porcelain factory production

Ukrainian plants. Of course, the Dobrush factory is also experiencing tough times in this post-crisis period but continues its modernisation (begun in 2007, with state support). It has already installed a new furnace for first stage firing (capacity of up to 25,000 tonnes at up to 960 degrees Celsius). Another furnace is also ready for installation. By the end of the year, the factory will have completed its second stage of technical modernisation, investing about $3.5m. Its moulding line and three steam boilers are to be modernised, while frequency regulators are to be installed on electric engines of enhanced capacity. “These novelties will enable us to increase output, reduce energy consumption (for porcelain firing) and increase exports to 55-60 percent of our total volume of output,” stresses General Director Oleg

Parfenyuk. “Exports enable us to cover the factory’s foreign currency requirements, while bringing money into the country.”

Meeting client’s interests

The company has been focusing on producing a wide range of affordable porcelain tableware, aimed at those with a moderate income, although it also manufactures cheaper tableware and elite premium-class dinner sets. Its masters can create highly artistic forms and designs, worthy of praise, and around a quarter of the range is updated annually. B eing good value for money, Dobrush’s porcelain is well known throughout the Baltic States, the CIS, Turkey, Germany, Poland, France, Belgium, Israel, Finland, Lebanon

Artist Katherine Ageeva works with zest

and Switzerland. “Compared to other manufacturers, we offer better quality and prices,” notes Mr. Parfenyuk. The factory is working hard to win customers, implementing a new sales system, with much attention paid to packing methods, shipping, and customs and legal matters, to ensure good service. We face tough competition, so must offer an attractive deal.

Last stroke

Last year, the factory developed a new, premium-class table set entitled ‘Nadezhda’, which occupies a worthy place within its range. Among the factory’s customers is the Vatican, with Dobrush masters making a handpainted table set of almost 70 items for Pope Benedict XVI. By Violetta Dralyuk

2010 беларусь.belarus

context

Retro train reminds us of the past Belarusian Railways developing historical and tourist facilities between Grodno and Porechie

Local initiative First information centre on sustainable development and ecotourism opens in Novopolotsk

h e op e n i ng of t h e c e nt re , located at Novopolotsk’s State Lyceum, was attended by the UN Permanent Representative in Belarus, Antonius Broek. The Dvina River area has been a driving force in caring for the environment, as Mr. Broek noted. Local authorities and city residents have been active in solving ecological, economic and social problems. Even schoolchildren are concerned about the environment today, so it’s no surprise that urbanities are far from indifferent. Most educational institutions are involved in developing mini-projects these days, as proposed by European structures for joint implementation; six have been supported by the EU / UNPD Sustainable Development at Local Level programme. The Chair of Novopolotsk’s City Executive C ommittee, Natalia Ko chanova, believes that each will bring benefits Азёрныя маршруты

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to the new generation, educating them, while enhancing the tourist attractiveness of the Dvina River area. Although funding is modest, the effect of such campaigns can’t be measured in financial terms. There are plenty of ideas and enthusiasts but the city needed its own regional information centre, with the latest equipment, to ensure it could actively engage in initiatives for sustainable development. It will now host various training seminars and research projects, with adults and children able to share their experiences with like-minded people from other regions of Belarus and from abroad, working on developing ecotourism. According to the centre’s director, Tatiana Suzdaleva, it should become a link between local communities, helping them implement principles of sustainable development. By Yelena Burmistrova

he first railway section was constructed here in Belarus from 1851-1862. The open air museum’s pride will be a retro train; it will boast four carriages – of first, second and third classes – driven by a locomotive. Despite being antiquestyled, the carriages will be equipped with the latest wall mounted TV screens and air conditioning. Specialists are already working with railway archives to recreate late 19th-early 20th century carriages, which will be made by wagon repair plants in Minsk and Gomel. During the train ride, a guide will explain the history of Belarusian Railways, detailing the architectural sites of Grodno region and showing passengers historical films and photos, accompanied by music. L ate 19th-early 20th centur y railway infrastructure is to be restored and recreated along the retro train route: from stations and water towers to lamp posts and bells on railway platforms. Staff are even to wear oldfashioned uniforms. A railway transport museum is being constructed at Grodno railway station while an amphitheatre is to host orchestral performances at Porechie station. A children’s playground, catering facilities and souvenir shops are also planned for the latter. By Oksana Berezovskaya

context

Researchers building plans Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve to expand co-operation with French and Polish scientists

epresentatives from France’s Nor thern Vosges Regional Natu re Park and Pol and’s Kampinos National Park are soon to visit the Reserve to discuss new joint projects with their Belarusian colleagues. “We have long liaised and plan to expand our joint scientific

investigations,” notes Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve’s Deputy Head of Scientific Research, Valery Ivkovich. “We’ll be considering new projects for studying flora and fauna.” Mr. Ivkovich notes that French and Polish scientists have helped register and study the habitats of owls and bats in Belarus, as well as studying the species diversity of dragonflies. Owls’ species diversity has been assessed, including their spread over a particular territory and behaviour (including vocalisations over a 24 hour period). Such data is of great importance to foreign researchers, who can watch and monitor rare birds in their natural environment in Belarus. During the forthcoming visit by the foreign experts, Reserve staff will familiarise them with the latest botanical and ornithological routes, showing the habitats of rare plants, while sharing experience on how to preserve habitats and minimise the effect of leisure pursuits on local flora and fauna. Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve is the oldest protected site – part of Belarus’ nature heritage. It occupies 1,200sq.km and includes various types of southern taiga forests, bogs, flood meadows, lakes and rivers. Over 2,000 plant varieties have been registered in the Reserve, with its fauna boasting 56 species of mammals, 230 bird species, 5 species of reptiles and 34 fish species. Due to its biological diversity and unique flora and fauna, it is of exclusive importance to Belarus and to all of Europe. By Anna Bogomazova

Ornithologists ready for change Climate change shifts bird habitats in Belarus

ones where particular types of birds tend to live have shifted northwards. For example, white grouse are now growing in number in northern Belarus, while other regions are seeing a considerable decline, due to warmer weather. Global warming seems to have influenced the appearance of southern varieties of birds in Belarus over recent decades, including blackcaps, yellow-headed wagtails, seedeaters and black redstarts. “Today, no ornithologist is surprised at seeing a blackcap yet, several decades ago, this bird was never observed in Belarus,” notes Ruslan Shaikin, the ecological education specialist at APB Birdlife Belarus public association. The shift of climatic zones and geographical belts, due to climate change, appears to be responsible. Bird migration in autumn in Belarus is definitely changing, apparently due to global warming. The results of the ornithology championship showed that many birds which should have already flown south from Belarus for winter remain in the country; among them are barred warblers, ortolans, common redstarts and nightingales. By Nadezhda Overyanova

2010 беларусь.belarus

Alexander Ruzhechka

medicine research

Sound innovations

Accuracy of calculation made by the researcher Elena Gopeenko is the warranty of successful result

Grown under laboratory conditions, skin transplants should be ready within five years in Belarus

kin is the largest and most important organ in the human body, covering up to 2sq.m. It fulfils so many functions, protecting our b o dy f rom foreign substances and bacteria, while regulating our temperature at 36.6 degrees, regardless of our surroundings. Moreover, it discharges waste matter and helps metabolise our electrolytes, carbohydrates and proteins, as well as working with our immune system.

беларусь.belarus 2010

When skin is damaged, our whole organism suffers. Burns are especially dangerous, because skin renewal (where possible) t a k e s s e v e r a l m o nt h s . Infection is a real concern during this time, due to reduced immunity. Today, surgeons can transplant a patient’s own skin to cover deep burn areas but, if burns exceed 20 percent of the body, they must wait for portions of the patient’s own skin to recover before transplants can be made. It can take 10 to 30 opera-

tions, with a three week break between each stage, to return skin to health. Now, the application of biotechnologies is considerably easing the life of burn patients, speeding up their recovery. Over the last five years, Belarusian scientists have been conducting unique research, finding the most efficient ways to reproduce the skin’s epithelial cells. They’ve already succeeded in growing two types of cells: fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The founder and

head of the project, Irina Gurmanchuk, heads the Hemo- and Lymphosorption Laboratory at the Belarusian State Medical University’s Central Scientific Research Laboratory. “My idea for applying cellular biotechnologies to auto-dermoplasty began during my internship at the Berlin University in 1995,” notes Ms. Gurmanchuk. “It was supp or ted by academician Iosif Votyakov; since then, we’ve been gradually bringing it to life. Over the next five years, the process

practice medicinee of growing skin in our laboratory should be completed. Besides developing cellular composition, we want to elaborate recommendations for the optimal application of this method in clinical practice.” “Various cell application methods are likely to be recommended for different types of injures,” explains the Medical University’s leading research officer, Olga Petrakova. “Spraying suits most injuries while grown cells are better to apply on bandages if wounds aren’t deep or serious.” She notes that any biological product grown in a test tube must pass long-term (up to five years) testing to prove its safety. The Belarusian State Medical University’s Central Scientific Research L ab or ator y i s wor k i ng with colleagues from the Republican Burn Centre as part of the state sci-tech programme entitled New Technologies of Diagnostics and Treatment. “A 10sq.cm piece of skin can produce 10,000sq.cm of epidermis within just three weeks,” notes Yakov Koshelkov, an associate professor at the Belarusian Medical Academy of PostG r a d u a t e E d u c a t i o n’s Emergency Surgery Department and surgical curator at the Republican Bur n C ent re. “If t hes e developments are brought to life, they’ll have great importance. We’ll be able to use grown skin to heal injuries caused by accidents and trophic ulcers as well as repairing cosmetic defects.” By Zhanna Loginova

At a surgery

New mission accomplished

First laparoscopic operation to harvest donor kidney takes place in Belarus

uch operations are now possible at the new Republican Scientific-Practical Centre of Organ and Tissue Transplantation, equipped with modern equipment to aid Belarusian surgeons in conducting complicated surgery. During a recent operation, several small cuts were made, between 5mm and 1cm in size – rather than one large cut; special manipulators were then used to extend back the skin and flesh and allow access to the 24 year old

man’s organ. His 39 year old sister was prepared to receive the kidney in a neighbouring room. “Transplantation from a living relative is always a small miracle, since someone sacrifices their organ for another,” smiles the Head of the Republican ScientificPractical Centre of Organ and Tissue Transplantation, Oleg Rummo. He adds, “With this in mind, our task is to minimise trauma for the donor, both during the operation and afterwards.” L aparoscopic technologies allow organs

to be removed via small cuts, reducing the risk of infection and complications. Such operations are safe and leave almost no scar, with recovery taking place quickly; patients usually return home after three or four days. According to Mr. Rummo, donor kidney removal via laparoscopy from a living relation is the way forward, if there are no contraindications. The first such operation w a s c o n d u c t e d j o i nt l y by B elarusian surgeons and Russian colleagues from Moscow’s ScientificResearch Institute of Tr a n s p l a n t o l o g y a n d Artificial Organs (named a f t e r V. S h u m a k o v ) . Belarusian surgeons have passed internships both at this Institute and at Oxford. Kidney removal and transplantation surger y takes about 5.5 hours, and costs over 50,000 euros if undertaken privately in Europe; in Belarus, it is offered free of charge. The recent operation was a master class for surgeons from the Republican ScientificPractical Centre of Organ and Tissue Transplantation, being broadcast online. Mr. Rummo says that, in autumn, a training session is planned, involving doctors from Oxford. S o far t his ye ar, 61 kidneys have been transplanted in Belarus. “Last year, a hundred such operations were conducted and I think we’ll surpass this figure in 2010,” notes Mr. Rummo. By Olga Shvaiko

2010 беларусь.belarus

eregione services

To doctor’s office... while on holiday

Vitebsk region keen to develop medical tourism on major scale

anking the most popular events and places for sightseeing, which attract foreign g u e s t s t o Vi t e b s k region, we immediately think of sites relating to Chagall, Pen, Malevich and Repin. We might consider the Polotsk National History and Culture Museum-Reser ve, S of i a C at he d r a l, Br a sl av Lakes National Park with its recreation facilities, Berezinsky Landscape R e s e r v e’s e c o l o g i c a l and water routes and, of course, the Slavonic Bazaar Festival. I’d never before seen so many tourists with cameras, trying to photograph everything, as I did at the last International Festival of Arts in Vitebsk. Of course, it’s hardly surprising. The city has recently witnessed the opening of its revamped Pobedy Square – one of the largest in Europe. It boasts the most beautiful pedestrian area: Suvorov Street, with its restored Church of St. Resurrection, located in the city centre. There is so much to see, as confirmed by statistics; over the past five years, the number of foreign guests visiting the region has risen by approximately 40 percent. Some come for business, while others seek nostalgia; some wish to study the beautiful churches while others are keen to use the sports facilities or take advantage of the excellent medical services on offer.

беларусь.belarus 2010

Almost half of all the rooms in Vitebsk region sanatoriums are occupied by guests from Russia. It’s not only our Belarusian health resorts which enjoy popularity; some visitors come to Vitebsk especially to use Maternity Hospital No.1. The recent reconstruction of the hospital has rendered it the equal of any in Europe.

Procedures in SPA-capsule are extremely pleasant

Others seek proctology treatment at the 2nd Regional Hospital – known for its up-to-date medical technologies. Perhaps this is why a new travel agency is soon to appear in Vitebsk, specialising in medical services for foreign tourists. Alongside the above mentioned medical fields, Vitebsk region is known for its well-developed services in cardio surgery, paediatrics, cosmetology and dentistry. Patients suffering from cancer may also seek high level treatment here. A recent survey shows that, for residents of Smolensk and Pskov regions, it’s more

convenient to come to Vitebsk than to Moscow or St. Petersburg. Moreover, during the financial crisis, medical services in the Baltic and Scandinavian states have become less affordable. It’s no surprise that Latvians, Lithuanians, Estonians and, even, Swedes make use of the services offered by Belarusian clinics. “We have hospitals, equipment and specialists ready to render high-quality services for a fee,” explains Yuri Derkach, who heads the Health Care Department for Vitebsk’s Regional Executive Committee. “We’ve tried to rival the latest medical centres, specialising in services for foreigners and focusing on their needs,” he explains. 1.3bln has been assigned for the reconstruction and equipment of a dental polyclinic in Glubokoe, due to open this autumn. This state-run clinic is part of Glubokoe Central Regional Hospital, while being run as a commercial project paying for itself within three years. In the summer time, when Glubokoe receives many vacationers, we may see queues for the dentist’s office; this being the case, we’ll send specialists from Vitebsk to help. During autumn and winter, the complex will serve local residents, while also offering chargeable services,” Mr. Derkach notes. A similar centre specialising in cosmetology is soon to open in Baran, near Orsha, located at a former local enterprise, overlooking a picturesque river bank. After reconstruction costing $300,000, it will start offering such services as liposuction, face lifts and breast surgery. The situation in Braslav district is now being examined, with similar medical institutions perhaps to be opened there.

“Medicine can be profitable,” Mr. Derkach stresses. “We’re investing in clinics oriented towards foreign patients able to pay for services, since this allows Belarusian doctors to earn higher salaries while giving them an incentive for professional growth and providing an extended range of chargeable services to the public. In the long run, it reduces the cost of health care for the state.” Today, Vitebsk hospitals are closely co-operating with Russian partners. Specialists from the region’s Health Care Department hope that Vitebsk and Belarusian travel agencies will soon become regular suppliers of clients for medical tours. Our own tourist office is opening as part of Vitebsk’s Regional Clinical Hospital, co-ordinating all information and work. “We plan to promote Vitebsk region’s medical services within a year,” asserts Mr. Derkach. “By next summer, we’ll have prepared the necessary information for Belarusian travel offices and will have launched a website giving sufficient knowledge of services and prices to potential clients.” Na t u r a l l y, m e d i c a l t o u r i s m requires further development, with hotel construction and road services a priority, alongside the beautification of towns and the improvement of beaches and recreational sites. Why shouldn’t a Russian guest coming to Glubokoe to visit a dentist also visit St. Yevfrosiniya Monaster y in Polotsk or Repin’s Museum-House in Zdravnevo? The Bella Dvina project (reviving the Varangians to the Greeks route) has its own tourist enquiry centre offering free advice and information on local tourist opportunities. In autumn, a similar centre is to open in Vitebsk, while a steamboat route is launching along the Zapadnaya Dvina River. Guests may arrive seeking medical services in Vitebsk region but shouldn’t limit themselves to this alone, since there are so many sights to see. As the saying goes, why not combine business with pleasure. By Sergey Golesnik

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innovations EeducationE

Practical studies Vitebsk Medical University to apply contemporary educational approach

“W

e should provide students with the best conditions for study,” stresses Prof. Igor Generalov, the Head of the Clinical Microbiology Chair. “Now, we have these conditions. Student rooms are divided into audio and video sections. It’s not enough for most students just to listen to theoretical materials; they need to see everything under a microscope and draw their own conclusions. Today, students cover everything from textbook studies to practical application of their knowledge. We shouldn’t lag behind in practical healthcare but we should meet it head on, or even be ahead of it.” Five classrooms boast everything needed in a contemporary microbiological laboratory, with working places equipped with the latest microscopes and water connected to each desk. “A qualitative shift in education has been ensured by offering interactive multimedia,” notes Prof. Generalov. “After receiving an image of an infectious agent under the microscope, a student can transfer it to a demonstra-

tional screen for the whole group and teacher to view and discuss.” A separate class has been prepared for post-graduates. One of the oldest university chairs is a true source of scientific manpower. It traditionally offers an opportunity for research work to employees from other chairs. “Our scientists have developed automated systems to determine micro-organisms and assess their resistance towards antibiotics,” Prof. Generalov explains. “As a result, we can receive answers as to which drug can best cure patients. Moreover, our fundamental investigations have brought us closer to diagnosing some autoimmune diseases – in particular, arthritis. New educational technologies will help us take this further.” A new medical library is to open in H1 2011, available to medical university students and practicing doctors. The construction of the library – offering, books, textbooks and electronic editions – was included into the state investment programme.

2010 беларусь.belarus

literary heritage

Actions follow words On September 5th, Khoiniki celebrated the 17th Day of Belarusian Written Language – a holiday which grows more important with each passing year. Although the central topic of the event remains our literary and language heritage, the whole holiday was perceived as a common cultural event, covering historical, musical, inter-state and even economic aspects. Khoiniki particularly accentuated this multi-sidedness

ong before the holiday, when it became known that this year’s event wou l d b e ho ste d by Khoiniki, major changes were planned for the town. Nothing similar had been observed since its post-war reconstruction; the town became one big construction site. It suffered from the Chernobyl disaster, so the decision to organise major celebrations here was extremely important, showing that life continues as long as local culture exists. Khoiniki has changed drastically over the last six months, with many returning guests failing to recognise familiar places. Changes have been the most radical since the post-war era and have been a major topic of conversation for those who have seen it ‘before’ and ‘after’. So much has been done and it’s vital that improvements continue beyond the holiday. Within two years, Khoiniki will celebrate its 500th anniversary; the town hopes to meet this landmark date with a host of new achievements. The holiday has been felt everywhere, with its ‘common cultural’ component apparent even where least expected. A military man with a metal detector suspiciously examined my rucksack and, having found nothing, asked me sternly, “When was Khoiniki founded?” Its ancient park has undergone the greatest change, acquiring modern landscaping, flowers and green lawns. Old trees, which still remember the October Revolution, have been cut down, replaced by young, strong saplings.

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Modern Khoiniki is full of friendly and smiling people; their delight at being chosen as a cultural capital will be long savoured and nurtured. Young people had crowded near a presentation, occupying the whole path and blocking the way of a family. They wanted to reach the children’s playground, which had just opened, and were reluctant to step onto the perfect grass. Finally, they passed their smiling, smartly dressed girl through the air… ‘When everything is so beautiful, you also wish to correspond to this beauty’ I heard a local teenager muse rather philosophically as he stood waiting for a sculpture to be unveiled in the park. It was a part of the programme, which is gradually becoming a tradition. Last year’s Day of Belarusian Written Language in Smorgon was marked by the unveiling of a monument to famous Belarusian writer Bogushevich. This time, something original has been invented for Khoiniki. A monument was unveiled not to writer Ivan Melezh, who was born in the area, but to his characters from People of the Marsh; they’re now cast in metal. Unveiling the sculptural composition, Belarus’ Culture Minister, Pavel Latushko, invented his own aphorism, “Each nation has created at least one work of genius – their native language…” A n a mp h it h e at re w a s e s p e cially built for the holiday, bringing together the best Belarusian writers, publishers, illustrators, photographers and designers. The site also hosted an awards ceremony, bestowing prizes on the winners of the 50th National Art Book-2010 Contest. Various editions

were awarded: from school textbooks to those dedicated to the Great Patriotic War technique. We Won’t Ever Forget, by Mastatskaya Litaratura Publishing House, received the Grand Prix. Khoiniki has long awaited a new museum, which is now housed inside a late 19th century manor; its last pre-revolutionary owner was Orlov merchant Andrey Askerko. The building boasts a rich history, having housed Soviet institutions after nationalisation, and a German hospital during the war years. After liberation, it served as an orphanage and then became an education department. It’s now home not only to local, historical artefacts, but to visiting exhibitions. The first visitors to the museum have been excited to walk through its revamped ancient halls, which house some familiar exhibits. The museum also hosts a unique exhibition from Vetka museum, with one hall dedicated to Khoiniki’s first art gallery, displaying works by Belarusian, Ukrainian and Russian painters. Belpochta couldn’t leave such a major event unmarked, deciding to issue a stamp and envelope bearing Khoiniki coat of arms to commemorate the event. The most active participants of the Day of Belarusian Written Language were publishing houses, alongside the media. As usual, many people crowded near the Sovetskaya Belorussiya stand, with newspaper publishers from Bryansk and Chernigov regions taking stands alongside those from Gomel region. Media and Publishing Projects of the Union State was one of the brightest shows, presenting dozens of

андрэй новікаў

literary heritage

Unveiling of a monument to the People of the Marsh by Ivan Melezh

editions connected to the Union State theme. One has been written by a war veteran, the former Defence Minister of the USSR, Dmitry Yazov; it has been released with support from the Permanent Committee. Entitled Gurtiev Soldiers: from Omsk to Berlin, it looks at the life of General-Marshal Leonty Gurtiev, who was named a Hero of the Soviet Union. In the foreword, the State Secretary of the Belarus-Russia Union State, Pavel Borodin, writes: ‘… the book by D. Yazov is a worthy assistant in the military and patriotic education of the growing generations, who should remember that we – Russians and Belarusians – are a single nation and a single country; we lived and will continue living together…’. There was so much to see that it was almost impossible to view everything. Some poets generously shared their emotions via romantic verse, proving that poetry can be good and diverse. Meanwhile, a rare Soviet automated machine selling newspapers were on show

at Gomoblsoyuzpechat trade enterprise’s stand, proving hugely popular. It was found somewhere, restored and painted to resume its original appearance; it may be the only one in the country. The revamped cinema welcomed its first guests, while young boys tested out the new stadium’s pitch. Theatrical performances followed one after another. We can certainly say that culture (including language) is a living, developing organism. Contemporary culture was in evidence on the festival’s central stage, with the concert programme including not just traditional folk bands but a rapper. His uncompromising patriotic hip hop lyrics were accompanied by strong gestures and an academic choir in national costume. It was an unusual sight that kept the audience rapt with amazement, inspiring many photos to be taken. Of course, it was intended to be a novelty, entertaining us with its element of surprise, but it was no less appropriate as a way of honouring our Belarusian language.

The holiday vividly demonstrated that life really does go on, no matter what tragedy occurs. The Chairman of Khoiniki District Executive Committee, Alexander Bichan, is pragmatically optimistic about the future. He sees the arrival of guests as a happy occasion, allowing the district to show its economic attractiveness and prospects, regardless of the Chernobyl catastrophe. “We want to show that people can work successfully here. We boast trained labour, good communications and a favourable geographical location”, he stresses. The holiday is over, but Khoiniki’s revival will continue. Its first swimming pool is to be built (four 25m lanes), as well as mini pitches for football, basketball and volleyball. Preparations for next year’s Day of Belarusian Written Language have already begun, with Gantsevichi (Brest region) awaiting changes and improvements. By Andrey Novikov

2010 беларусь.belarus

creativity

Creative quartet It’s no secret that many major public initiatives are carefully staged each year. One such is the Union State to Young Talents of the 21st Century event, annually held in Moscow at the Central Music School of the Tchaikovsky Moscow Conservatoire. It offers master classes to up and coming musicians and artists

Alexander Ruzhechka

andidates are sent by the self-expression from our earliest years. they fail to answer, they lose authority International Cultural These young women see daily proof of among this ‘golden’ fund of our country. C ent re (Mos cow) and this, working with talented artists and I’m sure that, soon, these youngsters will t h e B e l a r u s i a n S t a t e musicians. They understand that only be showing Belarusian culture and art to University of Culture and Ar ts. those who achieve tangible results can be the entire world.” Minsk’s Department for Supporting satisfied and that only those who search The creative four are helping teachers a n d D e v e l o p i n g C u l t u r a l a n d constantly for new forms of expression countrywide to master new teaching Educational Initiatives oversees visits are artistically happy. This is why this methods, with famous musicians and from Belarus. Victoria Ignatenko, year’s classes are focusing particularly on professors from the Russian Central Olga Massalova, Yelena Bubnova teachers; they need to be inspired and up Music School offering their advice. By and Olga Kostyukevich are the four to date themselves to pass this motiva- sharing experience during open lessons staff members in charge. Speaking to tion on to their students. and round tables, everyone can benefit. them, we discover what makes a true “We never stop learning; our lives are Similar round tables are being held at genius; is creative tension needed to a constant process of improving our skills Minsk’s Academy of Arts. “Russian teachers joined those from gain success? The women also tell us and knowledge,” stresses Departmental about the department’s plans for the Head Victoria Ignatenko. “If we no various Belarusian regions, alongside future and their life philosophy. longer yearn to learn something new Russian and Belarusian children, in What do we need to be happy? (in our jobs or private lives), we become listening to a lecture on composing Various components seem necessary stale and uninteresting. Music teachers by Mikhail Borozna, the Prorector of but a satisfying work life, regard- and artists deal with unusual children, the Academy of Arts, and honoured less of your professional sphere, who often dare to ask bold member of the Russian Academy of Arts,” explains Olga Massalova. Mr. seems universal. Those who excel in or p er plexing Borozna, together with a professor their job are like musicians playing questions. If from the Drawing Department of the a perfectly tuned instrument with skilful hands and fascinated heart. well-known Stroganov Arts School, As these elegant office women tell Andrey Rodionov, has conducted me about this year’s master classes in 2010. The girls confess their master classes, I can’t help but pride in the Belarusian notice their dedication and artist and teacher being passion for their jobs. so creative. Mr. Borozna Their enthubelieves that siasm must c omp o s i ng come from is simply deep within. It makes one another way of thinking, realise that we strive and must be Yelena Bubnova, Olga Kostyukevich, Victoria Ignatenko (head of the dep.) and Olga Massalova discussing a new project well ordered. for creative

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creativity The concentration required seems immense. Victoria recalls, “I was impressed by Mr. Borozna’s explanations to Russian journalists about a trip made by artists to Tsaritsino and Kolomenskoe - famous for their architectural monuments and stunning scenery. Our people attended an open air workshop there, painting their interpretation of the harmony between architecture and our natural environment. He noted that we were meeting ‘world heritage’; I realised that these master classes are always a meeting with world heritage.” Victoria, mother to three talented daughters, also realised that ‘all young artists are geniuses at drawing’. Mr. Borozna is known for constant selfimprovement and seems to embody the idea that, to be a good teacher, we must never stop learning ourselves. As a former Pantomime Theatre actress and theatre critic, Victoria has been brave enough to change her profession. Several years ago, she had no idea how she’d master an absolutely new job. However, she succeeded, discovering organisational skills she was unaware of. Her job involves great responsibility – since she is effectively guarding the next generation of talent. Her electronic database contains 1,879 entries; 94 percent are talented young people and the rest are creative companies. Every year, the database grows larger, perhaps indicating our rising standard of living. Victoria is already planning next year’s master classes but is wary of tempting fate by disclosing the details of the future ‘dialogue of young musicians with artists’. However, out of the corner of my eye, I notice that junior specialist Olga Kostyukevich is impatient to clarify some details. Victoria introduces her colleague, saying, “While Olga Massalova is an artist by education (formerly the main curator of young artists on our trip), Olga Kostyukevich is a graduate of the Culture University and deals directly with social and cultural activities. She is good at presenting concerts, as she did successfully in Moscow. For two days,

Professor Mikhail Borozna and his student Eugine Chisty during the plain-air in Tsaritsyno in Moscow

she charmingly introduced the trumpet, violin and French horn players, alongside other musicians during final concerts on the stage of the Central Music School.” Mikhail Finberg, a People’s Artist of Belarus and Head of the National Concert Orchestra, recently invited Ms. Kostyukevich to audition as his stage presenter; she successfully passed the casting but decided against joining the famous company. It seems silly to have refused such an attractive and prestigious offer but Olga smiles, “I’m also studying for a Master’s Degree and am often busy in the evenings. Also, I love my job in the department; we have such a friendly atmosphere. Despite the fact that I’m the youngest, no one is

ever condescending to me. I only ever receive support. I adore being part of this team.” The four women are indeed a team, always helping each other. If they need to learn something, they learn! Even accountant Yelena Bubnova, with two degrees (in polytechnics and accounting) has mastered the art of photography since she joined the department. Her shots are to be included in a catalogue dedicated to this year’s master classes. As the saying goes, there is no limit to improvement; we only need the desire. It seems that this desire never ends at the Department for Supporting and Developing Cultural and Educational Initiatives. By Valentina Zhdanovich

2010 беларусь.belarus

admirations

Round the globe on an ‘Aist’ Iosif Lisay, 62, cycled 100-200 kilometres a day, reaching the Black Sea in just six weeks. He began his extreme journey in Belarusian Mosty (on the banks of the Nieman River), with $100 in his pocket

is prowess is perhaps no surprise, as he is a master of the polyathlon (sprint, cross country running, swimming, throwing and shooting) and twice world silver medallist. To keep physically strong, he drinks spring water from a well twice weekly, and always travels by bicycle – like all Mosty residents. Everyone cycles but only Iosif has dared to ride so far. What inspired you to cycle round the world? My first voyages were by water. In the 1980s, my family kayaked from Mosty to where the Nieman flows into the Baltic Sea, taking ten days – to honour the Moscow Olympics. Every summer, we made such trips but, later, my wife gave up. Since then, I’ve been travelling alone, using a bicycle since 1999. My first bicycle was made in Germany but it broke after a little while. I now use a Belarusian ‘Aist’ model – it ‘flies’ as if with wings. This year, I travelled to Sochi’s Krasnaya Polyana, which is to host the 2014 Winter Olympics. All travel requires time and money. As far as I know, you’re a coach and a teacher… Those addicted to travel don’t need much money; all you need is to be able to buy food. On my trips, I never eat in cafés. My father used to say: ‘if you don’t eat lard, you won’t have enough strength to mow the grass’. This is why I always take salo with me and buy bread and tomatoes in the South. They’re cheap, costing just one dollar for eight kilos at the side of the road. Sometimes, people ask me who I am and where I’m from. On getting learning that I’m from Belarus, they invite me to dinner. We’re treated well both in Ukraine and

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Russia. I remember, in Russian Tuapse, a vagabond approaching me, asking for twenty roubles. I told him that I’d been travelling for twenty six days from Belarus and had no money to give him. On hearing this, he seized my hand and said, “I’d give you five hundred roubles if I had it - because you’re Belarusian!” Where did you spend each night? I took a tent with me but often slept in the open air; in 42 days, it rained only once. The heat was incredible and my lips dried up so much I could barely eat. No ointment helped. Did the lard melt in the heat? Even melted lard is ok after a long day travelling. Why did you take lard with you? Ukraine – through which you travelled – has its own lard… It’s different. My wife especially cooks lard for me, using pepper and seasoning. Are the roads safe there? In the Crimea, I met a group of bikers speaking a foreign language. I grew circumspect, as it was difficult to understand their intentions. They’d seen the German inscription on my bicycle and thought I was German. We began talking in bad English and I told them that I was from Belarus. The bikers didn’t know our location but,

after I said ‘Lukashenko’, they understood and nodded approvingly. The men sprayed something on my wheels to aid lubrication on the asphalt – and rode away. Which roads are better: those in Belarus or abroad? In Poland, the roads are good, although they’re narrow and winding. We have wide, spacious roads in Belarus. Moreover, almost every large Belarusian city has a ring-road; I’ve not noticed them abroad. Importantly, people abroad respect cyclists. On weekends, families gather to ride to the forest or lake – led by the wife and followed by children and then husband. In our country, cyclists are, sadly, not very popular – especially with long-haul truckers and bus drivers - who drive far too close for comfort. On seeing a large car, I always turn to the wayside. In Poland, a driver will patiently follow you for a couple of minutes, before overtaking. How do you choose a route before setting off? Do you use guides?

Bicycle rider Iosif Lisay chooses distant routes

Iosif Lisay’s trips 1999 Azov Sea – 2.400km, 28 days 2002 Grunewald - 1,000km, 12 days 2003 Gdansk – 1,200km, 12 days 2006 Crimea – 3,700km, 37 days 2009 Azov Sea – 3,900km, 38 days 2010 North Caucasus – 4,400km, 42 days

identity

Belta

I’ve been collecting maps since childhood and have a large collection now. I remember reading ‘Captain Grant’s Children’; I marked the places visited by the characters on a map. My geography teacher used to say, “Lisay, you are a phenomenon.” He often organised tests for me, asking me to name state capitals. Long years of training have enabled me to train my memory. I can now travel to known places without difficulty. Do you use an Internet blog to report on your travels? I’m not interested in this. My pleasure lies not in telling anyone about what I’ve seen but from my personal experiences and feelings. I can spend quite a long time at each place I visit. For example, in Grunewald, I studied every corner, including the field of battle and the museum. How do you keep in contact with your wife when leaving Mosty for a long time? I phone her every day, talking for a minute. Where will you go next year? When I was a five or six grade pupil, I loved ancient history, reading Greek legends – Greece being the motherland of the Olympics. My life-long dream has been to climb Mt. Olympus. I’m going to travel there. Aren’t you afraid of language difficulties? When I went to Poland, it took me five or six days to start speaking Polish. On the way to Greece, I’ll need to plan my route via Sofia, Budapest and Athens. These sound the same in all languages. I’ve begun studying English. At school, I had no wish to learn, preferring sports. Now I need to catch up. I’ve already bought a dictionary. Would you like to set a record in cycling? I’m not focused on the Guinness Book of Records. I’m a modest man, following my soul. By Viktar Korbut

Festival of dishes to everybody's liking

Gourmand festival

Each year, Motol gathers gourmands from all over the world to taste and entertain. This years’s festival of unique cuisine, folklore mastery and folk art – Motol Delicacies – was no exception

uests from Ukraine, Poland, the Netherlands, the USA and Sweden, as well as from throughout Belarus, arrived in Motol in the Ivanovo district for the creative laboratory of gastronomic tourism. Motol residents presented their culinary heritage while discussing traditions and innovations in their local cuisine and their application to agroecotourism. Naturally, there was plenty of fun and discoveries. A wedding caravai (a round loaf) was divided to sample and the original home of the first Israeli President, Chaim Weizmann, was open to visitors. Weizmann was also a research chemist and always called himself a ‘Jew from Belarusian Motol’. The festive atmosphere was felt everywhere, with the unique culture of Polesie residents on display. The event generates friendships and unites

people in common actions to preserve traditions, ecology, healthy living and peaceful co-existence on the Earth. “The Motol Delicacies Festival has become a tradition already,” notes the Deputy Chairman of Brest Regional Executive Committee, Leonid Tsuprik. “We often hear from our guests about the special hospitality and generosity they’ve experienced here, making them feel love towards the native land of our people. We work hard to make guests feel welcome, and have much to be proud of and to enjoy. The greatest wealth of our land is our talented people, who really surprise others in their devotion towards their occupation and their hard work. Culture is the soul of the nation. It’s very important that the traditions of Belarusians are passed from generation to generation, while preserving their unique nature and originality.” By Irina Orlova

2010 беларусь.belarus

past versus present

Neighbourly relations According to Lithuania’s Statistics Department, Belarus has been the most popular destination for Lithuani ans since 2008

ithuania and Belarus build common bridge uniting Western and Eastern Europe It would probably be most correct to say that our two countries are reconstructing this ‘bridge’. Lithuania has access to the Baltic Sea and is a European Union member, while Belarus borders Russia. As a result, our countries unite the two halves of Europe - eastern and western. Two hundred years ago, they co-existed within a single state - the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Russia and Samogitia. In those years, the word ‘Russian’ also stood for ‘Belarusian’ and, ever since, our nations have continued to have much in common. This is primarily the result of merging eastern and western traditions. Lithuanian Trakai and Belarusian Novogrudok have Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches nearby, in addition to a synagogue. All are symbols of multicultural lifestyles. At present, Belarus and Lithuania are good examples of tolerance between

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different nations and religions in Europe. The state remembers this important experience, with citizens often visiting their neighbours.

Travelling by horse-drawn carriage

Last year, ancient Lithuania - the land which united Belarusians and Lithuanians within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania - celebrated a thousand years of existence. Our people often visit each other, with tourist routes through old Lithuania extremely popular. Belarusians are interested in the secrets of the city of Kernavė while Lithuanians are keen to learn more about Krevo. Both places are symbolic in the history of Belarus and Lithuania: in the 13th-14th century, they hosted important political decision making, which influenced all of Europe. Today, they are cultural attractions, revealing the past and connecting us with generations gone by. Our two nations boast very close ties. Many cultural liaisons have been established, with Days of Belarusian

Culture held regularly in Vilnius; our artistic troupes tour often. This summer, Lithuanian PM Andrius Kubilius visited Belarus for a holiday, which must be viewed as significant. The Head of the Lithuanian Government cycled the country with his friends and colleagues, including his wife Rasa, Economy Minister Dainius Kreivys and Social Protection and Labour Minister Donatas Jankauskas. They travelled along the roads of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, in Nesvizh, Mr. Kubilius was accompanied by Belarusian PM Sergei Sidorsky. They took a ride in a horse-drawn carriage and visited Slutsk Brama and Farny Roman Catholic Church (with the burial vault of the Radziwills). The travellers also visited the Radziwills’ Castle. Mr. Kubilius noted, “We’ve chosen a very good route. Visiting such places as Nesvizh, you can feel the breath of our centuries-old history. We’re glad to have the opportunity to see this history and are pleased with our holiday.” Mr. Sidorsky, in turn, stressed that much is being done in

past versus present

Live book on history

Many scientific and popular editions have been published in Belarus detailing the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Every year, they are showcased at the Vilnius International Book Fair and, in 2010, our national stand was attended by the President of Lithuania, Dalia Grybauskaite. She noted that ‘the themes explored by Belarusian books testify to the great attention paid by the Belarusian leadership to the patriotic upbringing of young people’. She praised the high quality and content of Belarusian books and was very interested in our encyclopaedias: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Cities, Boroughs and Castles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; and The Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The President also liked an album entitled Belarus and Lithuania: Together Through the Centuries. L i t hu a n i a a l s o publishes books on

our shared history, in addition to tourist guides. Not long ago, one such edition was presented in Minsk by Birute Valenite – the President of the Signators Club (Lithuanian Parliamentarians who signed the Act on Independence Restitution on March 11th, 1990). She is now also promoting Belarusian-Lithuania cultural heritage and has published two albums featuring Belarusian sights (including Grodno and Polesie) in Vilnius. The books contain photos taken during several years of expeditions. Ms. Valenite is now proposing a trip to Belarus to view the heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, giving advice to foreigners on how not to lose their way in forests and villages. Famous Belarusian Napoleon Orda, about 150 years ago, took the same route with his easel (rather than a camera), visiting Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine. Belarusians unveiled Eastern Europe to the whole world years ago and the trend is being continued by Lithuanians. Ms. Valenite has written two folios entitled The Great Lithuania. She shares her thoughts: This book at last fulfils my dream. It went on sale at a rather high price of over $100 for two volumes and I was afraid it would fail to pay for itself. However, last year, it was the most popular book in Lithuania. This means that Lithuanians need Last year the book by Birute Valenite was the most popular in Lithuania

Belarus and wish to learn more about your country. I’m convinced that, this year, Belarus will receive more Lithuanian visitors than previously. Is your book nostalgic for the Grand Duchy of Lithuania? We were a single, huge country with Belarus from the 13th century to 1795. Today, many Lithuanians see Belarusians as ‘our closest brothers.’ How many cities and villages did you tour to collect materials? It seems to me there is no other person in Lithuania and only a few in Belarus who know your country better than me. I’ve been everywhere that might have a trace of olden times. If I’ve missed anywhere, it must be because nothing remains of those days. Where did you find information? I must thank your countrymen, who presented their heritage well on the Internet; there are full lists of architectural monuments there. You’ve collected everything within several large portals. We have no such grand databases so far. Have you travelled alone? Mostly alone. How did you dare when visiting the backwoods…? Show me backwoods in Belarus. Our dense forests and marshes… I’m a forestry specialist by profession, so I’m unafraid of the woods. Our people say: nothing ventured, nothing gained. Moreover, I was travel-ling by car. What impressed you most of all? Nesvizh and Mir are particularly spectacular; only our Trakai can compare. Moreover, the Gothic-style churches in Synkovichi and Murovanka are true masterpieces. How have local residents accepted you? Very much so. Of course, Belarusians are eager to know why a foreigner is in their midst, in the backwoods – as Aloizas Yunevich

Belarus to restore historical buildings and monuments. In early September, the ten Lithuanian cyclists set off on a trip covering ‘2,000 Kilometres of History’, through the historic sights of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The route began in the ancient capital of Lithuania – Trakai – and was initiated by Giedrius Klimkevičius. This famous businessman is also the organiser of the largest festival in the Baltic States - Be2gether (which takes place in Norviliškės, near the Belarusian border, and gathers many musical bands and their fans from Belarus). Mr. Klimkevičius is taking part in the 40 day journey, visiting about 20 places within the old Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The group aims to collect materials for a documentary on the cultural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

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past versus present you call it. They’re unlikely to show you the right road or give you keys until you answer a few questions. However, you can’t travel far without finding a village, so I had no problems during my travels. As a last resort, I could always address a village council for help. Did Lithuanians realise how much heritage remained in Belarus from the days of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before they read your books? My generation visited Nesvizh, Novogrudok and Krevo in Soviet times; after independence was restored, and the ‘iron curtain’ fell, they headed for previously prohibited locations in the West. I went for the first time about fifteen years ago and, now, visa issues hamper us from coming to Belarus. Many of those who’ve been to Italy and then to Novogrudok say that everything looks familiar in Belarus.

Discovering terra incognita

Lithuanians are now beginning to travel to Belarus, with evident success. Meanwhile, Belarusians may face a different situation regarding travel. We’ve asked an experienced guide, Anatoly Varavva, to ponder the issue. He’s been working in the tourist field since the 1970s, so has enough experience to compare and draw conclusions. The famous Mir castle appealing to the Lithuanian tourists

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You’re known as the p erfect guide to the Belarusian-Lithuanian border region. Are there any tours possible for Lithuanians in Belarus? We have a common heritage and this unity is clearly seen in Ostrovets, Smorgon and Oshmyany districts. Traces of the same ancient cultures and traditions exist in Lithuania and Belarus. Excursion routes organised by you for the past few years have passed through Belarus. Which aspects of our common heritage are most important? The optimal route demonstrating the unity of our cultures and histories runs through old Vilnius, from Minsk’s famous Starovilenskaya and Starovilensky Tract streets via Molodechno and Smorgon before ending in Vilnius. For several years, the ‘Ostrovets Roundthe-World’ route has been organised on the border, passing by the village of Gervyaty where Belarusians and Lithuanians reside. Neighbouring places are connected with the name of poet Frantishek Bogushevich, who was the first to insist on using the name ‘Belarus’. Meanwhile, Zhuprany (where he is buried) and Svirany (where he was born) are typically Lithuanian names – as seen in their roots and suffixes. Another road to Vilnius passes through Rakov, Ivanets, Volozhin, Oshmyany and Golshany, also starting in Minsk – in Rakovskaya Street. Previously, it passed via Rakovsky Tract (now known as Pritytsky Street).

Is the Grand Duchy of Lithuania interesting to foreign tourists? We’ve had few European guests so far; Russians prevail among our tourists. Among them are many educated people, such as Natalia Golitsyna - the heiress of the famous noble family. I’ll long remember her visit, as she arrived in Krevo from Moscow to see the ruins of the castle built by her forefathers, who were descended from Gediminas. Do Lithuanians and Poles often ask for excursions through Belarus? Which sites are they interested in? Lithuanians rarely use the services of guides, as they tour independently. In turn, Poles always arrive with their own guides. Belarus remains of interest to Lithuanians, while Lithuania is under-discovered to Belarusians. However, border crossing is gradually easing. My guide ‘From Minsk to Vilnius’ has been twice re-printed, being initially published for the Ministry of Sport and Tourism. Belarusian firms and guides are ready to offer excursions to Lithuanians (through Belarus) and to Belarusians (through Lithuania). There are so many sights worth visiting in the neighbouring country, apart from just Vilnius. For example, the town of Vievis (previously known as Evie) - situated halfway to Kaunas – had a printing house during the days of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which published Belarusian books. We have much in common and many new discoveries lie ahead. By Viktar Korbut

past versus present

Ruzhany’s calling card Ruzhany Castle – former residence of Sapegi nobility and 17th century architectural monument – to become major tourist site after reconstruction

Belta

“T The Radziwills inheritors meeting in Nesvizh castle

Back to the future Duchess Elzbieta Radziwiłł spends several days in Belarus, making private visit to Nesvizh

n her third visit to Nesvizh, the Duchess feels even greater affection for its castle, which holds the dearest recollections of her life. She is thankful to all those who are working hard to preserve history. Recently, Elzbieta, aged 92, arrived with her grandson Alexander and his wife Silvia, once again sharing her memories of her life in the castle and of her famous relatives. She is keen to follow the reconstruction of the castle and has visited all its halls to appreciate the museum collection. The Duchess was guided by Sergey Drushchits, who heads reconstruction at the site, sharing her impressions of the work so far. Elzbieta is impressed by the restored terrace by the kamenitsa (the oldest part of the castle, where unique 300 year old frescoes have been found), which now resembles that of her childhood. The photos of her family, including her mother and great grandparents (found in the restored part of the castle, which holds the museum exhibition) are of special significance to her; this time, she requested permission to photograph a tapestry of Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł Sierotka. Duchess Elzbieta is always surrounded by tourists who ask for her autograph and take any opportunity to talk to this representative of the noble family. Elzbieta is delighted to discover that the castle now hosts

an opera festival. Staff from the National Academic Bolshoi Opera and Ballet Theatre of Belarus (which has organised the festival for the first time this summer) say that the Duchess asked about their performances and acoustics. She likes the idea and has eagerly accepted an invitation to attend next year – while also planning to visit the 1st Christmas Festival (being hosted by the theatre this year). Elzbieta toured the theatre and praised its interior, sharing her impressions of its decoration; she viewed the main hall from the central box. Duchess E lzbiet a R adziwiłłTomaszewska also visited Mir Castle and, on parting, shared her plans to visit Belarus next year. She is a daughter of Duke Albrecht Radziwiłł, the last owner of Nesvizh Castle, who died in 1935. Her mother was English but, by the time of her birth, her parents had separated. Elzbieta was born in London in 1917 and then lived in Paris. She used to visit her father in Nesvizh for the holidays and last came in 1935. During her first arrival, last May, the Duchess was accompanied by her son Albrecht Czartoryski (named in honour of her father) and other representatives of the Radziwiłł family. Among the guests were representatives of the Tomaszewskis – relatives of Elzbieta’s second husband. By Yevgenia Kemerova

his is one of Belarus’ most unique sites, attracting many tour ists. Even now, Ruzhany is well visited; after restoration, two courtyard houses will open and works on the eastern building will begin. It will become a major destination for tourists from Belarus, Poland, Russia and elsewhere,” stresses the director of Brestrestavratsiyaproekt branch, Vladimir Kazakov. The Sapegis’ Palace is Ruzhany’s calling card. In WW1, the building was greatly damaged, but was partially restored in 1930. Only the major and eastern buildings, as well as the entrance gates and two courtyard houses remained after WW2.

From the very beginning, Ruzhany Castle and the whole 16th-19th century palace and park complex was unique, rivalling famous European residences. One of the founders of the noble family – Jan Sapega – once welcomed the King of the Rzech Pospolita, Sigismund the Old, to his residence. Legend tells of an underground tunnel which could be used to travel from Ruzhany Castle to Kossovo Palace (located more than 20km away) within a single hour, being big enough to ride a horse through. By Tatiana Pastushenko

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infrastructure for guests

Starry nights next year, Vitebsk is to host the Slavonic Bazaar in Vitebsk International Festival of Arts for the 20th time, so it’s high time we begin preparations. Guests can already book their hotel, with a wide variety to choose from in the city

Telephones for the bathroom

Ukrainian prima Taisia Povaliy thought she’d have to stay in a hostel this year. In 1993, she first attended the festival and slept at the Dvina – where medical students often live. “It was great luck,” she recollects. “This time, I was pleasantly surprised to be given a luxurious room with an air conditioner, at the new four-star Luchesa Hotel. The level of Vitebsk’s hotels has pleasantly surprised me,” she adds. Dutch singer Thomas N ’e v e r g re e n h a s t r av e l l e d worldwide and asserts that Luchesa’s rooms are good. Of course, he’s an expert in the field. The hotel, situated just outside the centre, has accommodated VIPs since the 13th

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Slavonic Bazaar, when it welcomed its first guests. Yelena Sych supervises the reception area and guest accommodation. She takes me on a tour of the hotel saying, “Our rooms are decorated in different colours – beige, blue and green. Which do you like best?” I ask to be shown where the stars have stayed and she takes me to room 702; it has a sitting area, bedroom, office and kitchen.

The kitchen is equipped with a refri-gerator and a microwave oven and there are two WCs – one for guests. The bathroom even has a phone and there are several huge mirrors – perfect for applying make up or shaving. The Luchesa has 27 such apartments (differing in size of sitting room only). They’re actually small flats, costing over $150 a night. The hotel has a total of 153 rooms (sleeping 200 guests), including 87 single rooms. There are no grounds for complaint.

Retro-style

The Vitebsk Hotel’s rooms have a wonderful view over the Dvina River, the 12th century Annunciation Church, the Vitba River and the 18th century Dormitory Church. Not far away are the railway station, the Summer Amphitheatre and large stores. Its European-stylelobbyandfreshrestaurant with picturesque terrace create a pleasant atmosphere. However, the sky is the limit, with modernisation continuing. The sixth storey features the most comfortable rooms – semiluxes equipped with air conditioners, Philips TV sets, double beds and spacious balconies. “Our guests are always delighted,” smiles Lyudmila Yakimovich, who heads the reception service at the hotel. I certainly believe her, as all the rooms are impressive. Deluxe room number 722 hosted the Belarusian President in 1996. The three-room Artur Prupas

ext year, Vitebsk is to host the Slavonic Bazaar in Vitebsk International Festival of Arts for the 20th time, so it’s high time we begin preparations. Guests can already book their hotel, with a wide variety to choose from in the city. The Vetraz Hotel – subordinate to the Federation of Trade Unions – aims to be a ‘boutique-hotel’. Each of its rooms has its own name: ‘Peach Paradise’, ‘Blue-Eyed Belarus’, ‘Lyavonikha’, and ‘Safari’. Guests can relax in the colourful rooms (no grey here). A ‘Marc’ room – honouring Marc Chagall – is soon to open to the public while a ‘Bella’ deluxe apartment (dedicated to the Vitebsk artist’s lover) is already accepting bookings. Of course, Vitebsk lacks an extensive hotel base (able to accommodate around 1,000) but there is something for everyone, with many styles and prices.

The comfortable Vitebsk hotel is popular with the city guests

route

Road to white herons New eco-path opens in Luninets district

The Eridan hotel lobby

apartment still preserves its style of Soviet luxury, with 1970s furniture and carpets made from wool. Its crystal door handle was installed in 1973 but the Italian bathroom was installed just a decade ago. The room has two doors, with one designed for staff to bring in food discretely – i.e. during a meeting. According to Ms. Yakimovich, the room is especially popular with businessmen, who feel comfortable negotiating here. This retro luxury costs just over $100 a night, while the modernised semilux room is $20 cheaper.

Wi-Fi by the dresser

Historians say that the northern river of Eridan – known since antiquity – is the Belarusian Dvina. Moreover, the sixth largest constellation bears the same name. For artists, the Eridan Hotel has long been a magnet, heartily welcoming guests eager to return to Vitebsk. This boutique-hotel occupies a 19th20th century building, boasting minimal-

istic interiors. Much wood is used inside, giving the impression of a resort. Guests can visit the comfortable bar and restaurant, decorated with pictures, linen crafts and an old piano. Dressers, bookcases and tables bear records from the 1980s, while Chagall’s pictures and reproductions of postcards depicting Vitebsk from prerevolutionary times adorn the corridors. The hotel is situated in a wonderful location – in the historical centre of Vitebsk, far from noisy avenues and squares. Artists who avoid publicity usually prefer the Eridan, whose rooms are moderately priced – at about $100 for a deluxe. Latvian composer Raimond Pauls once stayed here. A single costs $50 while a double or twin is $75. The hotel is three-star, meeting European levels of service while offering 25 rooms (sleeping 39 guests). No doubt, the advertising on the hotel’s official site does not lie. By Viktar Korbut

Belarus reference: Pricing

Victor Yankovenko, the Director of the Tourism Department at Belarus’ Tourism and Sports Ministry, tells us that Belarusian hotels are soon to fix single, shared tariffs for Belarusians and foreigners. According to the official, at present, prices are governed by hotel owners. “I’m fully against the situation where Belarusians pay a certain sum while Poles or Russians pay another,” he stresses, adding that, in Belarus, the hotel sphere is doing well. At present, every moderately-sized town has at least one hotel, while many cities face competition among hotels. Specialists from the Ministry say that Belarus is attracting foreigners with its low prices and high level of security.

he River Pripyat is gradually becoming more accessible to nature lovers, who can now ‘touch’ the wonderful, diverse world of flora and fauna. An eco-path has opened through the green low-lying meadows of the Luninets part of the National Mid Pripyat Landscape Reserve, called ‘Through the Valley of Willows’. It takes guests past streams, lakes and wells, magnificent trees and ‘exclusive’ bird habitats. The project is part of a UNDP and Global Environmental Facility joint programme entitled Creating C ondit ions for t he Sust ainable Functioning of a Protected Wetlands System in Belarusian Polesie, involving the Luninets District Executive Committee and local organisations. “The route covers 2km and is equipped with everything necessary for a comfortable trip. Tourists can stop at wooden huts, with tables and benches, or in spacious summerhouses. A small colony of gracious herons can be seen from a watchtower. Ten years ago, this bird was an endangered species; now, with environmental measures taken, its population has risen considerably,” notes the Director of the Mid Pripyat and Luninsky National Landscape Reserves, Vasily Mordukhay. Seasonal high tides won’t hamper tourists from walking the route, since boardwalks have been laid where the path is lowest – through reed marshes. A nearby picturesque stream is equipped with a comfortable bridge. In future, information stands will appear, detailing the unusual flora and fauna of the marshes and meadows. Moreover, a no-take zone is planned, with hunting banned. Tourists will be able to see fallow deer, deer and wild boar. Such tourism is growing in popularity in Belarus. By Inna Yurchikova

2010 беларусь.belarus

holiday

Tradition revived in Zelva In 1720, Duke Anthony Kazimir Sapega, the owner of Zelva (now a town in Grodno region), received the privilege to annually organise a trade fair to honour St. Anna’s Day

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Regional Executive Committee’s Culture Department has allocated funds, alongside the UNDP, to restore Annenski Kirmash. Clearly, it is a fair worth preserving. “These funds helped us to bring to life an unusual idea – to dress the participants of Annenski Kirmash in 18th century costume, helping the historical

reconstruction of the traditional holiday,” explains the Deputy Chairman of Zelva District Executive Committee, Valentin Semenyako. “We’ve also revived other details, which have enabled us to create the unique atmosphere of a traditional Belarusian trade fair.” Proud-spirited nobility, Jewish traders and merchants from all over the

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ranted by the Polish King and Grand Duke of Lithuania, August II, it lasted for a whole month, from June 26th, and soon became one of the largest fairs in Europe. Merchants from Belarus and Lithuania, Moscow and St. Petersburg attended, alongside those from Warsaw and Riga, numerous Russian provinces, Prussia and, even, exotic Turkey. Glass and steel, bread and wine, tobacco, salt and fabrics could be found for sale. Additionally, horses were also traded; according to some documents, several thousand might be brought to the fair. Travellers and historians spoke of Annenski Kirmash, with famous writers and poets mentioning it in their works. However, by the late 1930s, the tradition had ceased. It wasn’t forgotten though, with Zelva residents reviving their well-known trade fair in 2001. Three events were organised, with the last taking place in 2004; then, a break again occurred. Today, Grodno region has decided to use the unique holiday with powerful historical roots as the Zelva district’s calling card. The idea has been supported by residents, who have raised money during Subbotnik (day of volunteer work). Moreover, Grodno

The unique Annenski Kirmash became Zelva's calling card

world joined bright gypsies and cheerful wandering artistes in horse-driven carts, to the delight of Zelva residents and their guests. All used to gather here in summer, heartily welcomed by noble Duke Sapega. The Chairman of Zelva District Executive Committee, Yan Palchis, was this year honoured in opening Annenski Kirmash-2010. The holiday was celebrated in every corner of Zelva, with songs, games and dancing taking place on the central square. Cornucopia old music band and Svayaki folk band performed, alongside the Black Eyes Gypsy Theatre and Vostochnoe show group. Contests were held for best cart and to judge horses of various breeds while Volkovysk’s equestrian sports school put on a show. Local craftsmen offered their goods for sale in the park, while guests had fun battering a nail into a chunk of wood with one stroke or catching a fish with a bandage over their eyes. Others tried to walk through hanging pots while balancing one on their own head… Zelva-style delicacies tempted everyone with their tasty aromas and concerts, games and dancing lasted until late in the evening, when farewell fireworks ‘declared’ the closing of the holiday. “This day has become a true holiday for Zelva residents,” notes Mr. Palchis. “Moreover, it relies on rich historical traditions, which are worth restoring. Annenski Kirmash will become a regular event and acquire a new life. We’ll be working to renew it in every historical detail, making it a true trade fair – famous throughout Belarus. Zelva district can invite guests for several days, boasting good hotels and beautiful guesthouses. Being interested in our land, people may decide to stay here for a holiday. I’m sure they’d spend their time fruitfully and would leave revived in spirit and body, with the strength and desire to work hard all year round.” Grodno region’s districts boast their own unique and original recipes, with almost every one possessing its own cultural ‘calling card’. By Anna Novikova

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project

Archeologists' painstaking work may sometimes be rewarded

Contemporary museum of remote past Archaeological digs at Minsk citadel renewed in 2011

unique historical and archaeological centre is to be set up, exhibiting various archaeological findings. Additionally, 12th century houses are to be returned to their former appearance. Archaeologists are to join architects in restoring part of the earth mound with fortifications, which once surrounded the citadel, as well as a stream, which was located around Zamkovaya hill. Ancient gates, which were a key aspect of city defence, will help revive the historical image of the citadel. They’ll be recreated using materials submitted by archaeologists. “Last year, we opened part of the gates and studied a section of the street, which ran from the gates to the church,” explains Alexander Medvedev, the Head of the Medieval Archaeology Department at the National Academy

of Sciences’ History Institute. “Next year, we plan to uncover the entire street, alongside an ancient pavement in front of the church.” The new centre will have a contemporary museum displaying multimedia materials to visitors, with our specialists drawing inspiration from leading world experience, including that from the UK. A thematic and expositional plan of the museum is also being developed. According to Mr. Medvedev, Minsk Citadel historical and archaeological centre project is at its final stage, with a document expected to be approved by the Government by the end of the year. “After this, we’ll revive our archaeological digs at Minsk citadel,” he adds. Minsk’s citadel was the hub of ancient Minsk, with the castle foundations laid in the 11th century. Until the 16th century, it was the administrative, economic and cultural centre of the city. From the 17th century, the castle gradually declined in importance and by the 20th century, only earth mounds remained. In the coming years, lost architectural forms are to be restored, reviving the landscape of this unique historical and cultural site. By Anna Svetlovs

2010 беларусь.belarus

tourism opportunities

Medieval style relaxation Grodno region has always been an attractive venue for tourists, who are drawn by its amazing historic monuments: palaces, castles and churches. Many Belarusians and foreigners visit throughout the year

everal years ago, the region on the Nieman River was enriched by new routes passing through villages. Almost 200 homesteads – large and small – now welcome tourists. We’ll look at just two, situated in the largest rural tourist centres of Grodno region.

From castle to a zoo

A wonderful and beautiful land is found just 12km from Grodno, close to the Belarusian-Polish border. Eighteen hectares are covered with amazing landscapes, large and small ponds, and forests inhabited with wild animals. This paradise-like corner is now perfectly supplemented by harmonious new buildings, including the Grodno Homestead of Korobchitsy agro-tourist complex. This natural-architectural ensemble is no mere cultural-entertainment

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open-air centre but a bright example of how the traditions of Belarusian architecture, folk spirit and modern recreation technologies can co-exist. Two years ago, the complex was built by Grodno Meat Factory JSC on a former waste ground. Today, the homestead – built in the style of a 17th century noble mansion – is open to all. Every day, the number of its guests grows, with many arriving from abroad. Children and adults can spend their time in all manner of interesting ways. On coming to Korobchitsy, you feel rather as if you’ve plunged into the Middle Ages. You can horse ride, with the help of an experienced instructor, since a stable with 40 thoroughbred horses is situated here. A luxurious coach can also be rented. You might like to relax on your own island in the middle of a pond, sit in a cosy summerhouse or listen to music in the open air. There’s so much to see: a black-

smith’s shop, a woodcutter’s workshop, a hunter’s lodge, a fisherman’s house, a Gypsy tent, a ‘Park of Smiles’ children’s playground and the house of Baba Yaga – the fairytale witch. After taking a stroll, you might like to drop in at Zevana’s Castle restaurant, with its columns made from cut oak, walls of stone, pine beams and forged iron lamps; it’s wonderfully atmospheric. Ever ything has been made by Grodno masters, with most jobs done by the local meat factory’s repair-andconstruction department, headed by Valery Burduk. The design is the result of joint artistic work. Of course, the farmstead’s true heart is its kingdom of animals and birds. The local zoo is home to ponies, elk, deer, wild boar, goats, roe and rabbits, while special cages house pheasants, peacocks, hens, geese, swans, turkeycocks and ducks. Further development plans for the site include the construc-

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opportunities tourisme

Grodno region offers opportunities for sightseeing and recreation

tion of an indoor horse riding ring and accommodation for guests. To attract visitors in winter, an unusual ski track is being laid – following archive documents.

Everything begins with the Book on Horses

It’s hardly possible to tear your eyes away from a passing wedding. The bride and the groom ride in a luxurious coach harnessed to three graceful horses while a dozen of elegant animals and riders follow behind. Later, the couple enter the old restaurant with its massive wooden tables crammed with exotic dishes such as ‘Sophia’s Surprise’, ‘Wild Hunt’ and ‘Venice Present from Krzysztof ’. It’s not a film set; such ceremonies are common in the village of Grintsy, in Oshmyany district. The latter hosts the Gippika Equestrian Centre. At just four years old, it’s already enjoying huge popularity among tourists, w h i l e of fe r i ng u nu su a l wedding ceremonies. It’s no probl e m to reach Gippika; you just t a k e M i n s k - Vi l n i u s m ot or w ay u nt i l t h e Ostrovets turn (after Oshmyany). The magnificent farmstead is situated a mere 4km from the noisy road. It has a long history, as the construction of an equestrian centre began 15 years ago, 500m from the village. There was a rumour that Olympic champion Victor

Ugryumov was coming to work there and his fame enabled the project to be completed quickly. However, Victor changed his plans and left for Russia. The centre’s ownership passed on to others, who used their own funds to build a large agro-tourist complex there – named in honour of the famous Gippika: Book on Horses (written by Krzysztof Monwid Dorohostajski 400 years ago in Oshmyany). The guided tour of the farmstead begins with the words, “This historical site is most precious.” Tourists learn about the Book on Horses and see the wealth of local sights. There are two fields here (for shows and training), two indoor manages and a stable with 46 stalls; 30 thoroughbred horses are kept here, most of the Hanover breed. Among them are stud Valentino and mare Electra; anyone can ride them, as well as the other horses. Instructors are at hand for novices, as riding is popular among tourists. A coach is available too, alongside winter sledges. Young riders even put on a show for visitors; it’s proven very popular.

Among other entertainments at the farmstead are tennis courts (with rackets offered for rent), billiards and Russian banya (sauna). The latter is situated in one of the two wooden two-storey hotel buildings, each sleeping 10-12 guests, with deluxe and ordinary rooms offered. Each has a horse theme, with paintings and or naments dedicated to all things equine. The local medieval-style restaurant housed a stable five years ago. Now, only horses’ muzzles remind of this. Gippika’s cuisine is tasty, with meals served three-times a day. Meanwhile, the courtyard is filled with beautiful bushes and flowers; dozens of trucks brought fertile soil to the site, allowing hundreds of plants to decorate the farmstead and please guests. Nearby is Boruny Roman Catholic Church and Monastery (15km) and Golshany’s Castle (s ome dist ance further). In Z hupr any, tourists can visit a huge brick-built Roman Catholic church, with a plaque honouring Frantishek B ogushe vich. Murovannaya Oshmyanka attracts with the ruins of the Dorogostaisky Palace (from which Gippika began). By Iosif Popko

2010 беларусь.belarus

history understanding

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Ballad of Grunewald National History Museum showcasing panorama of greatest medieval battle

he Nat iona l Histor y Museum is currently housing In Memory of the Victory at Grunewald – an international exhibition from Vilnius, which has already toured Poland and Lithuania. This symbolic collection shows the importance of the victory, won 600 years ago over the united troops of the Crusaders. The exhibition is next to tour Ukraine, Russia, the Czech Republic and Austria. What do we know about the events at Grunewald and how have they influenced our modern age? Yuri Bokhan, Doctor of Historical Sciences and a researcher of medieval military art, shares his expertise. Why is the Battle of Grunewald important to us 600 years later, other than as a memorable date? Our Grunewald victory determined the vector of our country’s development, liquidating the military threat from the West and promoting the acknowledg-

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ment of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by European states. Previously, the Duchy was viewed only as an object of Crusader attack; after the victory, it became one of the most powerful states in the Old World. Monarchs from neighbouring countries addressed Vytautas for help in settling international conflicts; he was also offered the Czech and Polish crowns. After Grunewald, our lands integrated into a common European economic system. What Russian Tsar Peter I achieved in the early 18th century, Vytautas did in the early 15th; the only difference is that Peter I is noted by Russian history as ‘Great’, while Vytautas is hardly remembered – barely mentioned by schoolchildren or older students at history exam. Much was spoken in 1945 of celebrating the anniversary of the Battle of Grunewald and about its importance for Slavonic and Baltic nations. Why was this? 1945 was the year in which we defeated fascist Germany in WW2. The Reich used ‘Teutonic spirit’ in its propaganda. During WW2, it was vital for us to note that we’d already defeated

this ‘Teutonic spirit’ during the Battle of Grunewald; it was a historical forerunner of the defeat of Hitler’s Germany. This year, the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Grunewald coincided with the 65th anniversary of our victory over fascism. Why did the Crusaders attack Belarusian lands? Were they aiming to convert us to Christianity? After all, that had already happened many centuries before. The Crusaders attacked the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, seeing it as Europe’s last remaining stronghold of paganism. It wasn’t important to them which places they chose to attack: the pagan Lithuanian city of Kaunas or Orthodox Belarusian Novogrudok. Of course, the state became weaker. Is it true that, after Grunewald, armed Teutonic Knights stayed away from our lands until 1915? Yes, although a few battles were needed to destroy the Teutonic Order. Vitally, none of the wars conducted by the Teutons after Grunewald were successful for them. The Battle of Grunewald is like that of Stalingrad; afterwards, the

understanding historye Germans’ offensive operations were like the throws of death. Is such ancient victory worth celebrating? I’ve read that, a hundred years ago, no one even remembered the Battle of Grunewald in Poland. Is it true that historians plucked the date out of the air on the eve of WW1? To make histor y attractive, it should be glorious, magnificent and sovereign. Our ancestors worthily protected their Homeland. It isn’t true that the Battle of Grunewald was remembered only on the eve of WW1. Plenty of works were dedicated to Grunewald, written by Poles and Belarusians in the Polish language in the 19th century; among them are ‘The Crusaders’ by Henryk Sienkiewicz and ‘Konrad Wallenrod’ and ‘Grażyna’ by Adam Mickiewicz. How many people, particularly Belarusians, took part in the battle and from which regions did they come? There’s no exact information on the number of battle participants; it’s still a matter for debate. Contemporary s cience b elie ves that 15-20,000 Crusaders fought against around 30,000 of ‘our’ troops, including 1012,000 people from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. At that time, these were huge armies. Belarus-born soldiers accounted for at least half of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’s forces. Is it true that the result of the battle was predetermined by Russia’s Smolensk troops? Did most of the soldiers from this army come from Belarusian Orsha and Mstislavl? It’s unlikely that three regiments would have affected the outcome of the whole battle, as there were 40 regiments in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’s army, in addition to Polish forces. 15th century Polish historian Jan Długosz focused on these regiments because of their great bravery; they were the only ones from Vytautas’

front line not to retreat. They waited for reinforcements and continued fighting. Historians believe that one of the regiments came from Smolensk and the second comprised soldiers from Mstislavl. The origin of the third regiment is still debated. What kind of weapons did the Belarusians and Germans have? Where were they forged and how was it possible to arm thousands of people with high quality weaponry so quickly? Our military level was slightly lower than that of the Germans, resulting in a deficit of weaponry. However, after the Union of Krewo was signed in 1385 (appointing Grand Duke of Lithuania Jagailo as Polish King) mass supplies of weapons arrived from Poland. It was a state-wide programme. As a result, the Crusaders, who were used to struggling against weakly armed B elar usian-Lithuanian ‘savages’, were greatly surprised on meeting a perfectly armed force at Grunewald. At first, the Magister of the Order even refused to believe it. What did the soldiers eat? Where were provisions brought from? Is it true that the Belovezhskaya Pushcha provided food? On the eve of the war, Jagailo organis e d a g rand hunt in t he Belovezhskaya Pushcha; local aurochs’ meat was salted and sent to feed the allied forces. Are there any monuments to honour the Battle of Grunewald in our country? As far as I know, there’s only one – a plaque in Grodno. For the jubilee, the National Bank of Belarus issued a commemorative coin and B elpochta released a postage st amp. Thes e h e ro i c e v e nt s h a v e n’t b e e n forgotten. By Viktar Korbut

Valuable artefacts Archaeologists discover unique finds in Polotsk district

igs are underway on the left bank of the Zapadnaya Dvina River, near the village of Luchno. From the 11th-16th century, a large mansion, owned by a rich magnate, was situated there – on the road from Vitebsk to Riga. Archaeologists have failed to discover his name, as the house was utterly destroyed and local residents were killed during wars between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Moscovia. However, the finds prove that the mansion’s owner was wealthy, since the 40-60 sq.m foundations (quite large for such times) contain the remains of stoves decorated with tiles, household utensils and weapons. Ab out 5 0 0 f i n d s h av e b e e n unearthed, each unique. Among them are the denarius of Vytautas, Pskov’s bulla seal, rare ‘Rhine stone’ tableware and six clasps from expensive books. “Usually, so many clasps are only found when a large city is being dug,” notes Marat Klimov, a scientific researcher at the Belarusian National Academy of Sciences’ History Institute. Moreover, the owner’s wealth is confirmed by the discovery of almost 15 Prague groszs – a currency widespread in Belarus from the 15th-16th century. “Finding them in a single place is a great stroke of luck,” admits Mr. Klimov. The value of all the artefacts so far discovered already surpasses that of other digs in Polotsk. It is the largest dig in Belarus this year, with 1,130 sq.m covered, inspired by the forthcoming construction of a hydro-electric station in Polotsk. By Olga Bogacheva

2010 беларусь.belarus

Concert in chapel National musical and theatre school appeared in Belarus 300 years ago

he Belarusian Capella band has been reviving the names of Belarusian musicians who lived at the time of Bach and Mozart, staging concerts of their compositions for two dozen years. They’ve also released numerous books and CDs. Artistic Leader Victor Skorobogatov has joined member Svetlena Nemogai, and Vladimir Baidov – who heads the Classic Avantgarde soloists ensemble of the Philharmonic – to release a CD of 17th century works.

Village opera

What is ancient Belarusian musical culture and who founded it? Mr. Baidov: Academic musical education appeared in Belarus some 70 years ago, when a conservatoire and opera theatre opened in Minsk in 1932. It was the starting point for contemporary Belarusian musical culture. ‘Belarusian Capella’ is reviving the achievements of previous generations; one of Europe’s best theatres existed in Slonim back in the 18th century. Ms. Nemogai: There were dozens of theatres, with the first opera staged in Belarus back in 1636. It took place in Vilno, which at that time was the cultural centre of Belarus and Lithuania. The appearance of opera as a genre dates back to the 1600s. The Bolshoi Theatre in Minsk opened only three centuries later. In the 1750s, Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłł staged operas at her theatre in Nesvizh. Additionally, she wrote opera pieces herself. However, we should understand that today’s opera

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isn’t the same as the opera of those times. Previously, opera comprised conversational dialogue accompanied by music. In the 19th century, the contemporary tradition of characters singing throughout began. Why did opera tradition break after Urszula Radziwiłł? Mr. Baidov: There was a prominent troupe in Shklov back in the times of Yekaterina II, whose history is illustrative. It faced financial problems, with around 90 percent of its staff moving to the Bolshoi Emperor Theatre in St. Petersburg. Academic art requires sponsors and donations today, just as it did then. Duke Zorich supported the troupe in Shklov; however, when his money ran out, the small town lost its operatic company. There was also a ballet troupe in Grodno and a company headed by French and Italian masters in Postavy. Postavy’s choreographic school existed under the sponsorship of Tizengauz, who made money from various economic projects. Mr. Skorobogatov: Opera was staged even in villages! In Volyntsy (Verkhnedvinsk district) ‘Zabelski Collegium’ operated, staging ‘Apollo the Legislator’ in 1789. The score was written by Rafal Vardotsky and the libretto was created by Mikhal Tetersky (who wrote the first plays in Belarusian).

Salon notes

From where did this theatre art originate? From Italy? Mr. Baidov: Classical music travelled from Italy to every country. It came to us via Krakow and Warsaw – the only possible way culturally and geographically, as

Svetlana Nemogai and Vladimir Baidov

Belarus was part of the Rzech Pospolita at that time. In the early 17th century, worldrenowned Italian master Luca Marenzio was employed by the Krakow royal household. At that time, Valentin Bakfark – a famous player of the lute and keyboard – composed in Poland and Grodno. Judging by the surname, he was German? Mr. Baidov: Actually, he came from Hungary, but nationality was of no importance at that time. The master adopted the culture of the country in which he worked and was believed to be ‘ours’. Bakfark also worked at the French King’s court and in the Netherlands. Visiting composers Cyprian Bazylik and Wacław z Szamotuł were provided with every possible comfort by Mikołaj Radziwiłł the Black, to help them compose fruitfully. The first collections in our musical history were also published in Brest. It seems that many of ‘our’ composers are foreigners… Ms. Nemogai: The range of our musical tradition spreads far beyond the contemporary borders of the country. Poles consider Italian Luca Marenzio to be ‘theirs’, although he worked there only five years. We do the same regarding such foreigners as Italian Marco Scacchi, who composed our first opera in the early 17th century: ‘The Abduction of Helen’. He lived here for 20 years. Mr. Baidov: After the war, the Poles released dozens of volumes of Rzech Pospolita musical heritage; many of ‘our’ composers were registered there as ‘not ours’. However, they belong to a single cultural space.

Vitaliy Gil

music

music Mr. Skorobogatov: Composer Gluck was born in the Czech Republic, was educated in Italy, and worked in Vienna and Paris. Is there such a phenomenon as ‘national music’? Mr. Skorobogatov: Contemporary thinking is that such music appeared only in the mid-19th century. Previously, a nation was perceived as those people residing in one state, with our national culture encompassing a wider sphere than one country. At that time, another system of co-ordinates existed and national culture was understood as the culture of the state. Mr. Baidov: Researcher Adam Maldis discovered the famous ‘Polotsk Notebook’ – a collection of 17th century musical scores. It is part of a Polish musical anthology but what is this ‘notebook’? It may be a compilation of music heard in various Western salons and recorded for pleasure. For example, it may have been written by a young boy from Rogachev, who went to Europe to be educated at the age of 20, accompanied by servants. His tutor had given him some musical education and taught him to understand the French language. On arriving in the West, he visited salons and theatres, recording the melodies he heard each evening – since they were unfamiliar to him. On returning home, his jottings were very popular, being viewed as ‘new’ music. Later, his notebook was found, filled with masterpieces by various composers, including Dutch. Really, who does this music belong to? Should we call it world music? Mr. Skorobogatov: The ‘Polotsk Notebook’ has a work entitled ‘Bergamasca’ – a dance by the Italian family of Bergamo. If we look through the works of Heinrich Schütz – ‘the father of German music’ and a predecessor of Bach – we find the same ‘Bergamasca’. Is it a German, Italian or Belarusian melody? The same ‘Bergamasca’ is found among the works of French clavecinist Couperin. If we look at the 18th century Russian ‘cants’ (spiritual songs) we come across the same melody again. Since all aesthetic influences travelled from west to east, it’s clear that ‘Bergamasca’ arrived in

Belarus in the 17th century and in Russia one hundred years later.

the operatic stage; Goethe himself acted as librettist (just for the first and the last time). He praised Radziwiłł’s music as a ‘genius Faust, Radziwiłł and Goethe and impulsive composition’. Our opera has How did Belarusian Capella appear been a success in Europe – even prior to and why did you begin to recollect our the Bolshoi Theatre epoch. musical heritage only twenty years ago? Are modern musicians aware of this? Mr. Skorobogatov: In 1984, the Mr. Skorobogatov: At present, the ‘Cantabile’ ancient music band invited history of Belarusian music is taught me to perform pieces from the ‘Polotsk at school and I’ve written a textbook, Notebook’. At that time, an idea struck released three years ago, which is being me: if we had our own musical culture used. Schoolchildren are now aware in the 17th century, we should have also that we had our own Beethoven in the had the same in the 18th and shape of Osip Kozlovsky from Propoisk 19th centuries. To think (Slavgorod) and our own Mozart – Felix otherwise is nonsense. Janevich from Vilno. The latter founded It cannot be that nobody the Edinburgh Festival and played, danced or sang for used to play jointly with so many years. In 1987, jointly Mozart as part of a Vienna with Anna Korzhenevskaya, we quartet; he also conducted prepared a cycle of concerts: Haydn’s works in London. ‘Anthology of Belarusian Vocal We must also mention Music’. Over seven years, we Napoleon Orda, who played 200 works – from the not only drew land‘Polotsk Notebook’ to the scapes, but composed late 20th century. By music. He was a friend of Chopin and conducted the Parisian Opera until he was replaced by Rossini. Many of our fellow musical Victor Skorobogatov countrymen are only now being 1991, our knowledge enabled us to assert explored and promoted. Jan Tarasevich that there was a deep rooted Belarusian was born in Polish Sokółka, on the national musical tradition covering vocal border with Belarus (and died there). He art, musical instruments and opera. twice graduated from the St. Petersburg Ms. Nemogai: Initially, private Conservatoire as a pianist and composer. ensembles were created by the nobility on He was a friend of Rachmaninov, Sibelius, their estates – called ‘capellas’ in Europe. Sollogub and Stanislavsky and was Later, only choirs were called such. employed as a pianist by Russian Tsar However, the initial meaning remains in Nikolay II’s royal household. All his life, Italy today; ‘maestro di cappella’ means he composed on Belarusian themes and ‘head of the band’. considered himself to be Belarusian. He Mr. Skorobogatov: When, in 1991, the was the first to write music to accompany first ‘Revival of Belarusian Capella’ Festival the verse of Kolas, Bogdanovich and took place, I thought that we’d just manage Bogushevich. In 1961, he died almost a few seasons before our repertoire would unknown; the Poles didn’t recognise him be exhausted. However, it turned out quite as ‘theirs’, although four piano profesthe reverse; we now stage operas, sympho- sors at Warsaw Academy of Music are nies, cantatas and masses. For the first time his pupils. We’ve returned the name of in a long period, our band staged ‘Faust’, Tarasevich from oblivion and he is now whose score was written by Anthony registered in every anthology, with his Radziwiłł and the libretto by Goethe. It was works being performed to the public. the first embodiment of Goethe’s work for By Viktar Korbut

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saw a film of the same title and became interested in Korotkevich. This was in Soviet times – when I had no relations with Belarus. It was the only former USSR country of which I knew very little. I was very much surprised when I discovered that the ‘Grey Legend’ opera was staged in Minsk. What can we expect to see eventually? I’m still getting settled, so we’ll wait and see. How did your path lead to Minsk? Last year, I was given the S t at e Aw a r d of Tatarstan for the opera

impression regarding the future performance: music, plot and history. Then, I check the harmonies algebraically, comparing my feelings with the performance’s idea, while trying to understand why it is being staged. I then meet artists to discuss plans, or even make the model myself. Do you use a computer or do you construct the model yourself? I often do this myself but I’m not a master of 3D yet; I prefer 2D. Muscovite Pavel Suvorov assists me with 3D models, being an expert in the field. Ho w l o n g i s y o u r w o r k i ng day?

Theatrical affair Director Mikhail Pandzhavidze falls in love with Belarusian opera and moves from Moscow to Minsk ‘Poet’s Love’. Minsk conductor Vyacheslav Volich happened to see it at the Shalyapin International Opera Festival in Kazan and brought my work to Minsk. Later, I was invited to stage ‘Nabucco’ and realised that I wanted to work with your theatre. The team here is wonderful. Who instigated the move: you or the Minsk theatre? During the premiere of ‘Nabucco’, the General Director brought me to the Prime Minister and Culture Minister and said, “I’m giving an invitation in your presence.” He didn’t surprise them though. What are your duties as Chief Director? I visualise music. I look through musical scores and gain an emotional Alexander Stodub

t’s not easy to understand how an outsider can head the Bolshoi Opera Theatre. It seems even stranger that Mikhail Pandzhavidze has left his post as the Head Director at the Russian Bolshoi Theatre for employment in Belarus. To avoid idle speculation, I called Mikhail and asked for an interview. The voice at the other end promised to give me 20 minutes. “It’s not long enough,” I said. “Come, maybe we’ll find time,” he responded. In fact, we chatted for an hour and, were it not for his wife and two children rushing into his study, we’d have spoken for even longer. He’s signed a two year contract but has so many plans that it may take five years to realise them. How do you like living in Belarus? It’s great! I love it. I like that Minsk is so clean and orderly. I’m not afraid of walking its streets at night or of letting my children out. Importantly, the theatre itself is unique. Why? Firstly, it boasts a wonderful ‘cubature’. Secondly, it has cosmic ‘machinery’. Your theatre is cosmic, don’t you know? With which theatres do you compare our Opera Theatre? I have nothing to compare it with and assert that the theatre in Minsk is great. Is it even better than Moscow’s Bolshoi Theatre? The Bolshoi will be a splendid place once its construction is complete. So far, it has nothing extraordinary. Be honest: how has Minsk managed to attract you? Is it the salary? I can’t talk about this, since the terms of my contract are not for public disclosure. As regards supposedly huge salaries, I can say that I’m paid less here than in Russia. I haven’t come for money (my salary is just a normal one) but for fulfilment. We’re all searching for something. I’ve been living in Belarus for several months now and working on Vladimir Korotkevich’s ‘Grey Legend’, which I’d like to revive. As a child, I

impressions I began today at six in the morning and shall probably end at midnight – it’s typical. Is it difficult to work with you? I’m extremely demanding and temperamental. I only need to say a couple of words for the troupe to perform. Valery Gedroits, the Deputy Director of our Bolshoi Theatre, tells us that opera is losing popularity, unlike ballet. He believes you’ll be able to improve the situation. Are you ready for this? I’d like to remind you that the Belarusian theatre was one of the few USSR theatres to bear the title ‘Bolshoi’. I can’t say that it was a weak company, especially when the theatre employed such prominent conductors as Voshchak and Provotorov, artists Chemodurov and Lysik and director Shtein. Minsk opera was often broadcast by Central Tele vision but I think your opera has gradually lost its impetus, wit h op era and ballet developing separately. Scene from the Nabuka play

When will foreign audiences stop perceiving Belarusian opera as resembling that of Moscow? I’m afraid of speculating on the topic as I don’t know the history of Belarusian art well. Of course, I’ve been told that the Radziwiłł family had their own opera and that ‘Nesvizh was like Paris’. The essence of ‘Belarusian opera’ is not rooted in any unique works (although, as you see, we’re working on ‘Grey Legend’). Belarusian opera is contemporary European opera, much like contemporary Ukrainian and German troupes. Even like the Italians? Generally speaking, everything began there; it’s where opera is rooted. However, who knows? In two hundred years, Belarusian operas could become global classics. They could become famous even now – owing to your performances and singers. You once said that you wouldn’t take Nabucco abroad, since those interested in it should visit Minsk. How do you plan to attract fans to your opera? What can we invent here? They just need to buy a return railway ticket to Minsk, book a hotel and arrive. In the morning, they can tour the beautiful city; in the evening, go to the theatre. As regards, ‘Nabucco’, it takes twenty four hours to assemble it. This is why it’s difficult to take abroad for tour and only certain stages are suitable. As for the audience, some people especially travel to Vienna to see a performance. I can place good advertising on the Internet for such people. Our tickets are not very expensive and it’s a good chance to visit Belarus. When will our theatre begin to see profits? It does make a profit. We boast full houses, which bring in money. Crowd pleasers include ‘Carmen’, ‘La Traviata’, ‘Rigoletto’ and, now, ‘Nabucco’. Opera is not self-financing and is always lossmaking but we need to invest, understanding that the theatre is not just entertainment but education… By Victor Andreev

Enchantment of musical meetings National Concert Orchestra of Belarus to open new season

he concert season of the famous orchestra is, as usual, filled with bright programmes and plenty of premieres. This season, they’ll be emphasising rarely heard Belarusian composers. The National Concert Orchestra, headed by maestro Mikhail Finberg, is opening up a whole layer of works by Belarusian composers to listeners. A concert has been planned in honour of Belarusian poet Vladimir Korotkevich; previously unperformed works are to be presented. Another surprise is a programme devoted to the memory of People’s Artiste of Belarus Vladimir Mulyavin and a concert of works by prominent Belarusian composer Eduard Zaritsky (with some pieces by Belarus-born foreigners played for the first time). The orchestra is known for its jazz events; this year, it will be organising the 22nd International Jazz Festival in Belarus, which brings together outstanding musicians. Today, it’s impossible to present B elarusian musical life without festivals and holidays, organised in small towns throughout the country by the Honoured Band of Belarus. In the forthcoming season, residents of 14 smaller towns will be able to enjoy the wonderful music of the National Concert Orchestra of Belarus. By Zhanna Kotlyarova

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Festival wins fans International Belarusian Roots Musical Festival – held in Lithuanian Palanga – to become a tradition

Contest unites youth

n March 2011, Belarusian artists will be touring several Lithuanian cities, finishing their journey with a second Belarusian Roots Festival. “Our three day festival has proven its ability to become a favourite and long-awaited holiday for BelarusianL it hu an i an c u ltu re ,” n ot e s t h e Ambassador Extraordinar y and Plenipotentiary of Belarus to Lithuania, H.E. Mr. Vladimir Drazhin. “We’ve agreed to organise tours of prominent Belarusian artistes to several Lithuanian cities on the eve of the next forum: to Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda and others. It will finish with a performance on Palanga’s summer stage.”

UNICEF partners Junior Eurovision-2010

he United Nations Children’s Fund has become a partner of Junior Eurovision-2010 organisers: the Belarusian State TV and Radio Company and European Broadcasting Union. It is jointly preparing the largest and most spectacular musical event in Europe, as noted by the official site of the children’s contest. On November 20th (the day on which the Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted), millions of TV viewers will switch on their TV sets to watch this wonderful musical contest uniting children and adults alike. The positive and friendly spirit of Junior Eurovision fully reflects the ideals and goals of UNICEF, uniting children from various countries and cultures, allowing them to make friends and share opinions and plans. This year, special attention is being given to children with psychophysical problems. The UNICEF representa-

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tive in Belarus, Yuri Oksamitny, tells us, “These children need our care, attention and protection. They are vulnerable. Only joint action by civil society, the government and each citizen can ensure our children live safely and peacefully. Only when this is achieved can we provide them with opportunities to be healthy, educated, comfortable and confident.” UNICEF is focusing on children’s rights on its official site so that everyone can learn about the rights of children and those with psychophysical problems, allowing them to offer help. Over 20 years ago, global leaders decided to establish a convention protecting and promoting the rights of those aged under 18. As a result, on November 20th, 1989, the UN General Assembly adopted a Convention on the Rights of the Child. Since then, almost every state has ratified the document.

According to composer Oleg Yeliseenko, the Palanga summer stage is a perfect venue for the festival and it’s a wonderful idea to make the event a tradition. “I believe this festival has a strong future; like any good initiative, it will undoubtedly find supporters. I’m sure that, next year, many Belarusian artistes will attend.” This year, Minsker Anastasia came first at the Belarusian Roots Festival.

mosaic culturee

Art worth exhibiting In 2011, Belarusian artists to display their experiments at Venice Biennale

Exhibition acts as a guide Giants from Ice Age on show at Belarus’ National History Museum

he Giants of the Ice Age exhibition – from St. Petersburg State Histor y Museum’s Peter and Paul Fortress collection – has aroused huge interest among visitors. The show is unique in showing moving and growling exhibits alongside restored animals long extinct and unknown to humankind. The exhibition is both entertaining and educational, being a ‘guide’ to zoology and geography. Visitors are guaranteed ‘time travel’ to the lost animal world of a million years ago, with the opportunity to take photos and watch a documentary about the life of prehistoric creatures.

elarus is to join Venice Biennale for the second time, having f irst par ticipated in 2005. “This is an exhibition of contemporary and conceptual, or avant-garde, art. It showcases the results of our exp erimentation,” notes Natalia Sharangovich, the Director of the Modern Fine Arts Museum, and organiser of the national pavilion at Venice event. She believes participation in this forum is a landmark event, which could help Belarusian art position itself dynamically at an international level. Ms. Sharangovich explains that the national pavilion has taken several months to organise, with Belarusian specialists visiting Venice to choose an appropriate location. “We visited over 15 premises and selected several – all are located in the city centre and occupy around 300-400sq.m,” she notes. The organisers of the national exhibition have no expectation of winning the biennale’s major prize – the Golden Lion. They are merely content to provoke interest among foreign audiences towards our art. The curator of the national pavilion and Prorector for Scientific Work at the

Belarusian State Academy of Arts, Mikhail Borozna, views Belarusian art as bright and worthy of display at international events. However, some problems remain. An official motto and theme is yet to be decided, as is the final location. Regardless of which venue is chosen, it won’t be large enough to showcase the entire palette of contemporary Belarusian arts. “When these issues are settled, the names of definite artists will be announced. We have over 30 candidates, with most possessing experience of such conceptual art forums,” asserts Mr. Borozna, adding that p ar t icip at ion a l l ow s B el ar us to promote itself as a country encouraging creativity. The exhibition will remain in Venice from June to November 2011, with the Belarusian pavilion hosting various presentations, meetings and press conferences. The Venice Biennale has been held since 1895, every other year. Since 1975, alongside contemporary art and architecture, it has covered cinematography, as well as modern dance and music. By Tatiana Pastushenko

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news

Art and natural environment Apple trees in the garden of Marc Chagall’s House-Museum become inspirational objects of beauty for international arts summer school students

Belta

New page for cultural ties Presidential Orchestra tours Polish cities

he prominent band has performed popular symphonic pieces in Wejherowo, Gdynia, Gdańsk, Słupsk and Gorzów Wielkopolski, including arias sung by famous Belarusian opera singer Anatoly Sivko. On the first day of the tour, the Presidential Orchestra played in Gdańsk – twinned with Belarusian Postavy in the Grodno region. The musicians also took part in a public cultural event, laying a wreath at a monument to those Soviet soldiers who died during WW2 while liberating the city. Jointly with Chief Conductor Victor Babarikin and the General Consul of Belarus to Gdańsk, Ruslan Yesin, they met Wejherowo administration and performed the act of remembrance. The Orchestra gave a concert on the major stage of Gdynia – twinned with Belarusian Baranovichi – and became the first to play on the square near St. Nicholas’ Orthodox Church in Gdańsk. Meanwhile, the concert programme in Słupsk was dedicated to its 745th anniversary. The city boasts a wide Belarusian diaspora and Vilno-Grodno

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public association. The tour finished in Gorzów Wielkopolski. These tours are a major cultural event, part of the summer cycle of Belarus – This is Us! public and cultural programme. “It’s a recent tradition to organise performances by Belarusian masters in Poland,” notes the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Belarus to Poland, H.E. Mr. Victor Gaisenok. He explains that such events promote stronger cultural ties between our two nations while encouraging Polish audiences’ interest in closer acquaintance with the spiritual and cultural treasures of the Belarusian people. The Consul General of Belarus to Gdańsk, Ruslan Yesin, believes that the performance by the Presidential Orchestra in Poland’s north-western region shows Belarus’ commitment to developing the European vector and providing assistance to Belarusian countrymen residing in Poland. “The concert by Belarusian artistes opens a new page in the development of cultural ties between our republic and the Polish north-western region,” the diplomat asserts.

he summer school is being organised for the third time, with young artists and dancers traditionally becoming its pupils. This time, young talents from Vitebsk, Polotsk, Gomel, Minsk and Nienburg (Germany) will be expanding their knowledge of painting and sculpture while working with a new trend in contemporary arts – land art – working with natural materials and sites without damaging the environment. The creation of art objects in the garden of Marc Chagall’s House-Museum, using its apple trees, will be a final exam.

According to the head of the group of German schoolchildren, Suzanna Meyerhoff, who is taking part in the work of the summer school for the second time, creative children benefit from seeing works by their peers and forming friendships together. “This is a fantastic school, which teaches us how to be friends,” she notes. The best works by summer school members will be added to the Marc Chagall Museum collection, going on show from time to time. By Darya Kovalskaya