CLIMATE CHANGE - TOWARDS ADAPTATION Endnotes

United Nations Environment Programme “Emissions Gap Report 2022” (27 October 2022) Emissions Gap Report 2022 (unep.org)

2 World Meteorological Organization “Global temperatures set to reach new records in the next five years” Press Release (17 May 2023) Global temperatures set to reach new records in next five years | World Meteorological Organization (wmo.int)

3 Statistics New Zealand “Greenhouse gas emissions (industry and household): December 2022 quarter” (20 July 2023) Greenhouse gas emissions (industry and household): December 2022 quarter | Stats NZ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (Creative Commons — Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0)

4 Smith v Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd & Ors [2020] NZHC 419

5 Smith v Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd & Ors [2021] NZCA 552

6 Sharma v Minister for the Environment [2021] FCA 560

7 Minister for the Environment v Sharma [2022] FCAFC 35

8 International Institute for sustainable development “2023 UN Climate change conference (UNFCCC COP 28)” Event: 2023 UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 28) | SDG Knowledge Hub | IISD

9 World Meteorological Organisation “Global temperatures set to reach new records in next five years” (May 17, 2023) Global temperatures set to reach new records in next five years | World Meteorological Organization (wmo. int)

10 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) “Climate change 2022 – Mitigation of climate change” (2022) Working Group III Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2022) at 165.

11 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) “Climate change 2022 – Mitigation of climate change” (2022) Working Group III Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2022) at 14.

12 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) “IPCC Press Release” (April 4, 2022) IPCC Sixth Assessment Report – Working Group |||: Mitigation of Climate Press release (ipcc.ch)

13 Ministry for the Environment “National Determined Contribution” (17 June 2022) <https://environment.govt.nz>

14 Climate Action Tracker “New Zealand” (7 March 2023) <www.climateactiontracker.org>.

15 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) “Moving Towards the enhanced transparency framework” (June 6, 2022) Transparency Framework Moving Towards the Enhanced Transparency Framework | UNFCCC

16 UN Foundation Climate and Environment Experts “Climate issues to watch in 2023: toward COP 28 and faster, more urgent climate action” (12 December 2022) United Nations Foundation <https://unfoundation.org>.

17 Hon James Shaw “All coal boilers to be removed from New Zealand public hospitals” (3 May 2023) All coal boilers to be removed from New Zealand public hospitals | Beehive.govt.nz The official website of the New Zealand Government

18 Ministry for the Environment “National Policy Statement for Greenhouse Gases from Industrial Process Heat 2023” Last updated (11 July 2023) <https://environment.govt.nz>

19 Robert Hickson “Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture for Carbon Sequestration and Shellfish Production” (October, 2018) Blue Carbon Services New Zealand https://bluecarbon.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ Seaweed-Carbon-Sequestration-off-the-Continental-Shelf-of-NZ.pdf

20 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration “Coastal Blue Carbon” National Ocean Service https:// oceanservice.noaa.gov/ecosystems/coastal-blue-carbon/

21 Blue Carbon “Blue Carbon Sequestration Technology” Blue Carbon https://bluecarbon.co.nz/

22 Tasman Environmental Trust “Blue Carbon Core and Restore” https://www.tet.org.nz/projects/blue-carbon-coreand-restore/

23 Sean Weaver, Ekos. Anna Berthelsen, Cawthron Institute, Jessica Schattschneider, Cawthron Institute, Tom Bennion, Bennion Law “Feasibility Assessment: Aotearoa New Zealand Blue Carbon Resilience Credits” (9 April 2022) Environmental Finance Consulting Services https://www.nature.org/content/dam/tnc/nature/en/ documents/FeasibilityAssessmentofBlueCarbonOpportunitiesinNewZealand_reduced.pdf

24 The Nature Conservancy “Advancing Blue Carbon in New Zealand’s Coastal Wetlands” https://www.nature.org/ en-us/about-us/where-we-work/asia-pacific/new-zealand/stories-in-new-zealand/blue-carbon/

25 Conservation International “Hinemoana halo ocean initiative to deliver blue carbon economy in Aotearoa, NZ” (November 15, 2022) Conservation International https://www.conservation.org/press-releases/2022/11/15/ hinemoana-halo-ocean-initiative-to-deliver-a-blue-carbon-economy-in-aotearoa-nz

26 Ralph Chami, Thomas Cosimano, Connel Fullenkamp, Sena Oztosun “Nature’s solution to climate change” (December 2019) Finance & Development Nature’s Solution to Climate Change

27 Ministry for the Environment Manatū Mō Te Taiao, ME 1639 “Aotearoa New Zealand’s First Emissions Reduction Plan” (May 2022) at 103.

28 Te Kāwai Ārahi Pūrongo Mōwaho – external reporting board “Aotearoa New Zealand Climate Standard 1 Climaterelated Disclosures (NZ CS 1)” https://www.xrb.govt.nz/dmsdocument/4770 at page 10

29 Science Based Targets “Target Dashboard” https://sciencebasedtargets.org/companies-taking-action#dashboard

30 Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures “The TNFD Nature-related Risk and Opportunity Management and Disclosure Framework Final Draft – Beta v0.4” (March 2023) https://framework.tnfd.global/introducing-thetnfd-framework/ - ‘who the TNFD framework is designed for’.

31 Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures “The TNFD Nature-related Risk and Opportunity Management and Disclosure Framework Beta v0.3” (November 2023) https://framework.tnfd.global/wp-content/ uploads/2022/11/TNFD_Management_and_Disclosure_Framework_v0-3_B.pdf at page 31. This is an amended version of Figure 7: The TNFD’s proposed drivers of nature change. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (Creative Commons — Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0)

32 Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures “The TNFD Nature-related Risk and Opportunity Management and Disclosure Framework Final Draft – Beta v0.4” (March 2023) https://framework.tnfd.global/introductionto-the-framework/tnfd-methodologies/approach-to-additional-sector-and-biome-guidance/ - ‘Towards sector guidance: TNFD sector classification & sector prioritisation’.

33 Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures “Are the TNFD’s recommendations voluntary or mandatory?” https://tnfd.global/faq/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (Creative Commons — Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0)

34 Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures “Who we are” https://tnfd.global/about/#who ‘our work’. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (Creative Commons — Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0)