Queensland University of Technology
ASSIGNMENT 2
WOOLLOONGABBA’S UDA ILLUSTRATED BRIEF Benedicto Gunawan (n6433766)
DAN 100 Architecture Master Studio 1
Queensland University of Technology
ASSIGNMENT 2
WOOLLOONGABBA’S UDA ILLUSTRATED BRIEF Benedicto Gunawan (n6433766)
DAN 100 Architecture Master Studio 1
Design from Human to Human
2
Case Study
3
Implementation
15
Technology Brief
22
Design from Human to Human
Technology Brief
1.1. Introduction
2
4.1. Massing Analysis
24
1.2. Aim
2
3.2. Glazing and Thermal Analysis
25
1.3. Goals
2
3.3. Water Management Scheme
26
3.4. Extensive Green Roof System
27
3.5. Intensive Green Roof System
29
Quantitative
Case Study 2.1. Pattern Analysis
4
2.2. Fortitude Valley Case Study
7
2.3. Typology Analysis
9
2.3. King George Square Case Study
11
2.4. Urban Context
14
Implementation Qualitative
Contents
3.1. Preliminary Sketch
18
3.2. Typology Implementation
19
3.3. Important Elements
20
3.4. Typology of Performing Space
21
3.5. Spatial Division
22
Design from Human to Human Introduction The Woolloongabba Urban Development area is intended to be a positive social transition catalyst. The proposal will incorporate several feasible strategies in order to bring back the deserted land of Woolloongabba’s Light Industrial Area into a culturally rich pedestrian oriented district. The methodology will include the analysis of urban typology in Fortitude Valley and King George Square. These places are chosen based on the diverse qualitative experience between the areas. The findings of key typologies from Fortitude Valley will be tested to the King George Analysis and eventually implemented to the UDA.
Aim The aim of this illustrated brief is to provide a set of strategies to bring back human qualities to the site. This brief will also provides a range of studies from culturally rich place such as Fortitude Valley and King George Square. The findings from these studies will be used as a reference and experimentation on what are the key elements to bring back identities into a deserted area. This will be explored through a variety of methods, which will be discussed with respect to the urban context of the project and the building proposition
Goals The ultimate goal of the design proposal is to make the site have lesser fluctuation in terms of people activity and movement. The Theatre building typology was chosen to compliment the significant fluctuation of people’s flooding the area during fortnightly sport events at The Gabba Stadium. Secondly is to convert the vehicle-oriented area into a pedestrian-friendly. This is the most challenging part of this brief, therefore the Fortitude Valley and King George Square’s case study is mandatory to find the most crucial elements that can bring the human qualities back to the site.
2
ASSIGNMENT 2
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Benedicto Gunawan (n6433766)
DAN 100 Architecture Master Studio 1
Pattern Analysis IDENTIFIABLE NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOOD BOUNDARY RING ROADS NETWORK OF PATH AND CARS PEDESTRIAN STREET WEB OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Pattern Analysis The previous assignment has investigated a series of pattern that could be utilize to form a neighbourhood with distinctive identity. The following will provide a deeper understanding on how these pattern work together interdependently to form a pedestrian friendly neighbourhood.
SMALL PUBLIC SQUARES PROMENADE ACCESSIBLE GREEN SHOPING STREET FOUR-STORY LIMIT
INDIVIDUALLY OWNED SHOPS BEER HALL STREET CAFE CORNER GROCERY TRAVELER’S INN FOOD STANDS OPENING TO THE STREET NIGHT LIFE MARKET OF MANY SHOPS SMALL PARKING LOTS BUS STOP
This is an image of an ideal neighbourhood that I created to illustrate a series of synergising pattern from the book Pattern language by Christopher Alexander. This neighbourhood will have a distinctive identity and culturally diverse community when the pattern are arranged like this. The following will see in closer detail how these pattern work with one another
4
Pattern Analysis
IDENTIFIABLE NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOOD BOUNDARY RING ROADS
NETWORK OF PATH AND CARS
Small Public Square
Neighborhood Boundary
A public square is the largest, most public rooms that the town has. But when they are too large, the look and feel deserted. A public square has to be the outmost vocal point in the city. This is where the public could feel unified with the town itself. It is the ultimate landmark, and a significant guidance for visitors to understand where they are in the city. It is natural that every public square will swell out at the most important nodes where there is the most activity. And it is the only element in the city which can accommodate the public gatherings, small crowds, festivities, bonfires, shouting which must have their place in the life of the town.
The strength of the boundary is essential to a neighborhood. If the boundary is too weak the neighborhood will not be able to maintain its own identifiable character.
PEDESTRIAN STREET
SMALL PUBLIC SQUARES PROMENADE ACCESSIBLE GREEN SHOPING STREET
Urban Boundary
WEB OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Shopping Street
Pioneer Courthouse Square, Portland, Orlando
Web of Public Transport Establish a WEB OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT in a strategic place adjacent to ACTIVITY
It is essential for the shopping street to be located near major traffic and yet is sufficiently apart from them. It is because the shoppers themselves do not benefit from traffic, instead they need a quiet, comfort, and convenient place with access from the pedestrian paths in the surrounding area
Accessible Green People need green open places to go to; when they are close they use them, but if the greens are more than three minutes away, the distance overwhelms the need.
Promenade A promenade could be a main street that has grown too busy for cars to be able to pass through. This street will then be specified only for pedestrians. . It is where people could go to get in touch watch others, to stroll and browse, and to wander
NODES FOUR-STORY LIMIT INDIVIDUALLY OWNED SHOPS BEER HALL STREET CAFE CORNER GROCERY
Views of promenade in Fortitude Valley, Brisbane. Promenade is the like street theaters: they invite people to watch others, to stroll and browse, and to loiter
TRAVELER’S INN FOOD STANDS OPENING TO THE STREET NIGHT LIFE MARKET OF MANY SHOPS SMALL PARKING LOTS BUS STOP
Train Station
Network of Paths and Cars place PEDESTRIAN STREET intersects the NETWORK OF PATHS AND CARS to create a meeting point between cars and pedestrians while at the same time generate a safe and comfortable pedestrian areas
Pattern Analysis
Note that shop’s awnings need to cover approximately 2.5 m towards the pedestrian pathway.
IDENTIFIABLE NEIGHBORHOOD
Street shops is preferably to have a good proportion to human scale. Smaller shops tend to have a better connectivity with the pedestrians.
NEIGHBORHOOD BOUNDARY RING ROADS NETWORK OF PATH AND CARS PEDESTRIAN STREET
2.5 m
WEB OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SMALL PUBLIC SQUARES
2.4 m PROMENADE ACCESSIBLE GREEN SHOPING STREET
6.5 m
2.5 m 7m
It is essential to have small parking lots on the street, not only for accessibility but also to reduce vehicle speed along the pedestrian street
5m
To be convenient for both traffic and people walking, a shopping street needs to be connected to the fabric of the surrounding town, and has to be arranged along a street, but opening off a major traffic artery, with parking behind or underneath to keep the cars from isolating the shops from surrounding areas.
INDIVIDUALLY OWNED SHOPS NIGHT LIFE
STREET CAFE
NIGHT LIFE
NIGHT LIFE
BEER HALL
CORNER GROCERY
FOOD STANDS
TRAVELER’S INN
Space Activator A group of small lots consisted of individually owned shops. The variety of these shops has to sustain a decent space activator. For example, a group of street cafe, beer hall, corner grocery, food stand and a traveller’s inn working together will be a significant night life activator.
Space Activator
2.5 m
FOUR-STORY LIMIT INDIVIDUALLY OWNED SHOPS BEER HALL STREET CAFE CORNER GROCERY TRAVELER’S INN FOOD STANDS OPENING TO THE STREET NIGHT LIFE MARKET OF MANY SHOPS SMALL PARKING LOTS
In a chain shop/supermarket transaction is between the shop keeper and the customer. In such condition, interaction does not encourage much of communication. Shop keeper in a chain shop/supermarket can never replace the hospitality and warmth atmosphere from the shop owner himself.
BUS STOP
Fortitude Valley Case Study For more than a decade, the Valley has been a center of urban renewal that offers a various and distinctive urban life style to Brisbane societies. As a growing inner city retail precinct, light industrial working district and affordable residential suburb, the valley had attracted a large migrant population that through time created a daily life offering richness and diversity truly unique in Brisbane. From this grew a culture of art and music, and entertainment of many kinds, and whilst these elements were often in conflict with social ideals they nonetheless became part of the Valley’s growing ‘identity’. The case study will investigate the existence of various patterns that have been working together since the establishment of valley and how these pattern generate a culturally rich and successful urban strip at the heart of fortitude valley. The findings of these relationship between patterns will be used to construct an experimentation Typology of DNA of a successful urban strip that can be a foundational basis for a growing culture identity to be implemented at the Woolloongabba’s UDA
Fortitude Valley Case Study
Wickham St Elevation (left)
IDENTIFIABLE NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOOD BOUNDARY RING ROADS
Wickham St Elevation (right)
NETWORK OF PATH AND CARS PEDESTRIAN STREET WEB OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
SMALL PUBLIC SQUARES
Street Elevation of Wickham St
Street Elevation and Building Archetype
PROMENADE
The predominant building archetype can be seen in figure 9. Notice that all of the buildings along the first block of Wickham St are no more than four-storey high. There are only slight differences between the heights of each level of the building (see figure 9); this is mainly because the ground is slightly slanted along Wickham St. The only building that stood more than four-storey high is the McWhirters Shopping Center. This is the first and the only enclosed shopping center in the area. It is located at the edge of Brunswick Promenade, this building stood six-storey tall with curving cantilever and diagonal entrance, as it is welcoming visitors from Brunswick St.
ACCESSIBLE GREEN SHOPING STREET FOUR-STORY LIMIT
INDIVIDUALLY OWNED SHOPS
Activity Nodes and Pedestrian Density
BEER HALL STREET CAFE CORNER GROCERY TRAVELER’S INN FOOD STANDS Valley’s activity level (in 1 day) OPENING TO THE STREET NIGHT LIFE MARKET OF MANY SHOPS SMALL PARKING LOTS BUS STOP
Pedestrian density is concentrated around the promenade of Duncan St, promenade of Brunswick, and the nearby corridor of Wickham and Ann St. This is where we have the most of café, bar, restaurants, markets, clubs, and clothing boutique. Promenades are the heart of Fortitude Valley. Duncan promenade highlights the existence of the Asian culture. This promenade is dominated with Asian restaurants, markets, and traditional Chinese medicine shops. On the other hand, the Brunswick promenade offers a balder western atmosphere. This is significantly evident by the existence of many western bars, and pub, the atmosphere is even more delicate at night with street performance by random artist, and a dancing event on stage every month. The Duncan promenade, however provides a wider space for Sunday market. Taking place every Sunday afternoon, this market is a popular destination for tourists who are in search for affordable and cheap clothing or unusual goods.
Shops and Pedestrian Lane The shops are respectively arranged along the main arteries, both in Wickham and Ann Street. Most of these shops are individually owned Chinese Restaurants or Asian market, 24/7 Mini Market and Western Bar/Pub/Lounge. Many of these bars are located along Wickham Street that is adjacent with the heart of Fortitude Valley. Night Club Precinct is next to the Main Promenade of Brunswick Street. These combinations of Chinese Restaurants and Western Bars are the ultimate mixture of the Valley’s Culture. Wickham and Ann Street provide sufficient access for cars to Valley and yet kept their width comfortable for pedestrian to walk on. With both street remains one way, the distance between one sides to another is no more than 12 m long, with most of the left and right lane available for parking; this will keep the car’s average speed to less than 50 km/h, resulted in a busy and alive looking road
The width of the road is no more than 12m. It accommodates two-oneway lanes and 2 street parking lanes on each side of the street. This result on traffic congestion during peak hour yet high level of pedestrian movement.
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Fortitude Valley Case Study IDENTIFIABLE NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOOD BOUNDARY RING ROADS NETWORK OF PATH AND CARS PEDESTRIAN STREET Valley is located between the five busiest stations in the city
Gateways from the convergence of both arteries
Shops are located along the corridors of Wickham St and Ann St
Rail cutting Fortitude Valley and McLachlan Street
One way arteries cut along the heart of Fortitude Valley as the main Entrance and Exit
Arteries and Gateways Arteries in Fortitude Valley are formed by two one-way streets, the Ann Street and the Wickham Street. The Wickham St however, forms the entrance while the Ann St provides the exit paths. The road system provides a sound spine to focus new development. Gateways are located at the convergence points formed by these one-way streets. The Northern Gateway signals the arrival moment to the valley and the City Centre, while The Southern Gateway marks the point of departure from the CBD and entry to the valley. Opportunities exist at both locations to strengthen the legibility of these transition points through built form and landscape treatments.
WEB OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
SMALL PUBLIC SQUARES PROMENADE ACCESSIBLE GREEN SHOPING STREET FOUR-STORY LIMIT
INDIVIDUALLY OWNED SHOPS BEER HALL STREET CAFE CORNER GROCERY TRAVELER’S INN FOOD STANDS Valley's Boundary
Identifiable Boundary The valley is an important destination with a distinct identity and character. It is an important “arrival moment” for the city. Its existence has become a vital link between the New Farm residential and the Brisbane CBD and is specifically bounded by another suburb, the Spring Hill and the next Potential CBD, Bowen Hills. It is located 1 kilometer north east of the Brisbane CBD and is 130 hectares in size. The adjacency between Fortitude Valley and the Brisbane CBD with sufficient public transport infrastructure has always been considered valuable to accommodate growth. Additionally, a number of landmark opportunities exist within due to several idle area strategically located close to the heart of Fortitude Valley, and one of them is our site.
OPENING TO THE STREET NIGHT LIFE MARKET OF MANY SHOPS SMALL PARKING LOTS BUS STOP
Typology Analysis Pockets of Activity FOUR-STORY LIMIT INDIVIDUALLY OWNED SHOPS BEER HALL STREET CAFE
It is essential to surround public gathering places with pocket of activity, a small and partly enclosed areas, which just forward into the open space between the paths, and contain activities which make it natural for people to pause and get involved
On this typology analysis, I have identified a series of pattern working together in a micro group to generate a specific circumstances. This typology is intended to be the DNA to simulate an urban strip. The following is some fundamental typology that can be utilize as the main foundation of recreating a successful urban strip at the Woolloongabba’s UDA.
Gateways RING ROADS NETWORK OF PATH AND CARS PEDESTRIAN STREET WEB OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Every urban strip has a starting point. This so-called gateways is normally formed by an intersection of two major ring roads. The gateways is an important transition/sign in particular for pedestrian to signifies the existence of a larger public spaces
Street Parking OPENING TO THE STREET NIGHT LIFE SMALL PARKING LOTS BUS STOP
This is an important element of people distribution. Apart from the web of public transport street parking determine the movement of people to the promenade. A concentrated parking street ensure significant people movement with less accessibility and a sporadic parking street offers greater accessibility with less pedestrian movement
Promenade PEDESTRIAN DENSITY ACTIVITY NODES
PEDESTRIAN STREET PROMENADE
Public Squares SMALL PUBLIC SQUARES DANCING IN THE STREET ACCESSIBLE GREEN SHOPING STREET
This is the centre of every successful urban strip. It is the largest, most public rooms, that the city/town has. However, it is important to make it much smaller than you would at first imagine; usually no more than 17-25 m across. This apply only to its width in the short direction. In long direction it can certainly be longer
In most cases a successful promenade is passed by two major ring roads. It is also important to encourage the gradual formation of a promenade at the hart of every community, linking the main activity nodes, and placed centrally, so that each point in the community is within 10 minutes walk of it. Put main attraction at the two ends, to keep a constant movement up and down and to ensure that people coming to it to make it dense with action
Pathways and Goals PEDESTRIAN STREET
INDIVIDUALLY OWNED SHOPS BEER HALL
Pathways and goals is a group of point of interest that were naturally separated from one another to form a distinctive path for pedestrian as a series of goals and destinations
STREET CAFE
10
King George Square The redevelopment of King George Square was completed on October the 25th 2009. The new design has created a space that reflects the historic values of the city, as well as King George Square’s evolving role as a destination, transit hub and ceremonial and civic heart of the city. The squares fit in precisely to the public needs and offers high mobility throughout the city. The existence of King George Station underneath makes this square highly accessible from neighbouring suburb. King George Square also famous to host annual events such as the Winter Festival and the October Festival. Street performers and student’s orchestra also frequently chooses this square as their spontaneous stage. However, the temperatures during summer condition can be extremely high due to the minimum shading and greenery on the squares. The analysis on this square will include the minimum number of users to make the square looks alive and the urban strip that lies across Adelaide St and the importance of this square to the Brisbane’s CBD.
King George Square Case Study Public Squares
King George Square Location Population Size Shading Greenery Accessibility
Pedestrian Density Level
Monday
Weekly Basis
The King George Square Station
The number of users of King George Square during the working days are constant. However, the amount of people decreases dramatically over the weekend. This number may vary due to the existence of weekly event.
A square with a diameter of 100 feet will begin to seem deserted if there are less then 18 people in it. In an extreme summer condition the pedestrian activity at King George St will drop dramatically to almost zero. This is due to minimum shading and greenery on the square. However, the strategic location of this square allows the square to survive due to its profounds role as the main gateway of the Albert St promenade.
Daily Basis The number of users of King George Square fluctuate during the day as a transition point for people moving from Roma St to Albert St. The existence of King George Station strengthen this notion as people uses the square as a transit point before going to work.
Morning
Days during the week Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Morning
19
18
20
17
22
3
2
Noon
23
21
21
22
26
10
8
Night
10
12
13
11
33
14
4
Dawn
4
5
4
4
6
3
3
Sunday
Shopping Night
Number of People
Numbers of Users
Night
Number of People/ 100ft Diameter
Number of People
Weekly Event
: In-between Ann St and Adelaide St : 17 People/100ft : 270ft x 250ft : low : minimum : high
12
Typology Analysis Gateways The Gateways of King George Square is formed naturally by the opposing streets of Ann and Adelaide. These streets formed a one way lane and become one of the busiest street on the CBD with the Square act as the crossing point between them.
Therefore The DNA of the Urban Strip shall be : Gateways
+
Street Parking The street parking along the Adelaide St and Elizabeth St ensure concentrated pedestrian movement along the promenade, the street parking combined with loading zone offers high mobility to go in and out of the promenade. The street parking also reduce vehicle speed for the benefit of pedestrian.
Path and Goals
B
+
A
Pockets of Activity
Squares
The Pockets of Activity in King George Square is naturally formed by a series of shops along the promenade of Albert St and Queen St. These shops offers a diverse activity range from grocery, food stand, entertainment centre to banks and money changer.
Combination of the DNA :
INDIVIDUALLY OWNED SHOPS NIGHT LIFE
Commonwealth Bank
STREET CAFE
Restaurant Row Hungry Jack’s
NIGHT LIFE
NIGHT LIFE
BEER HALL
C
CORNER GROCERY
FOOD STANDS
TRAVELER’S INN
Pathways and Goals Pathways and goals is formed with the existence of large shopping malls such as the Myer Centre, Winter Garden, Queen St Mall and the King George Square itself. The sporadic places of these shopping malls create a rich and diverse people movement as their heading towards each place of interest.
B C A
Urban Context Site Facts Location Total Area Total Population Highest Recorded Temperature Lowest Recorded Temperature Average Rainfall Vehicle Level Area Type
New Farm Park Total Area Serving Accessibility Population Activity Successfulness
= Woolloongabba Urban Development Area = 10.25 hectare = 3918 = 41.70 C = 3.00 C = 1000 mm/year = Very High (1000 car/hrs in peak hrs) = Growing mid-industrial-commercial area
Gardens Point
Wickham St Queen St Albert St
: 13 Hectare : New Farm Community : Highly Accessible : 2people / 100ft : Fairly constant except weekend/festivals : Great
Brunswick St
Total Area Serving Accessibility Population Activity Successfulness
: 12 hectare : QUT GP Campus / Parliament House : Highly Accessible : 3 people / 100 ft : Very low during semester break : Average
Roma St Parkland Total Area Serving Accessibility Population Activity Successfulness
: 11 hectare : Mainly Parkland Residents : 10mnts walk from CBD : 1people / 100ft : Fairly active for afternoon exercise : Good
Boundary St
Centenary Place Vulture St
Total Area Serving Accessibility Population Activity Successfulness
: 7000m2 : City-Valley Community : Separated by two major roads : 0.2 people / 100ft : low/no activity at all : poor
Anzac-Post Office Square Total Area Serving Accessibility Population Activity Successfulness
: 7900m2 : CBD / nearby offices : Superbly Accessible : 12 people / 100 ft : Very high during lunch break : Great
King George Square Total Area Serving Accessibility Population Activity Successfulness
: 6750m2 : CBD / offers great mobility as transition point : Superbly Accessible (King George Station) : 8 people / 100 ft : Very low during summer heat : Average
14
Urban Context South Bank – Kangaroo Point Outlook Total Area Serving Accessibility Population Activity Successfulness
: 18 hectare : Southbank – Kangaroo Point Residents : Highly Accessible : 7 people / 100 ft : Peak during festival / weekend : Great
Note that the importance of the strip to the square and the importance of the square to the strip is interdependent. Most of the succeeding squares / park / community place are sustain by the continuation of the strip and the activity pockets within them. A bias example from The unsuccessful park such as the Centenary Place can be a good precedence to this observation. The Centenary Place is located at the edge of Fortitude Valley Urban Strip yet there is very little activity going on the park. This is due to the disconnection of the people to the park because it was surrounded by a very wide street and the desire to use the park is overcome by the lack of accessibility to the park.
Therefore The DNA of the Urban Strip shall be : Gateways
+
Path and Goals
B
+
A
C
Squares
In the case of Roma St Parkland. The existence of residential apartment is the main reason of its survival. Although it can be reach within 10 minutes walk from the King George Square, the absence of Paths and Goals and Activity Pockets within them cause severe damage to the pedestrian activity. They need valid reason such as festivals, special events, or sports activity to go to the park. The Southbank Precinct arguably is a successful example of an artificial urban strip. The existence of several urban apartment, combined with its pedestrian friendly street makes Southbank Strip a very attractive places to go over the weekend or holidays to relax or grab some food with friends or family. Its weekly market also gives a decent distinctive identity to the area.
Combination of the DNA :
B C A
ASSIGNMENT 2
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Benedicto Gunawan (n6433766)
DAN 100 Architecture Master Studio 1
Preliminary Sketch Typology Analysis
This is a preliminary sketch of the theatre complex. The image works as a reference of qualities that are intended to be generated throughout the space
Typology Implementation The following is my experimentation on how to implement these various of urban strip typology to the master plan. Activity Pockets are spread strategically throughout the area to ensure equal people movement and distribution. The Urban strip will be the core path for activity. It is also important to set various paths and goals within the complex. Residential area and commercial area is necessary to preserve constant people flow on a daily basis. Potential gateways is close to Leopard St to link the area with pedestrian from Kangaroo Point Outlook’s Resident.
1. Public Squares
2. Street Parking
3. Pockets of Activity
4. Gateways
5. Pathways and Goals
6. Promenade
4 3
5
3 2
5 2
6
1
3
5 5 5 2
18
Important Elements Potential Gateway for Pedestrian from Kangaroo’s Point residence
Activity Pockets NIGHT LIFE
STREET CAFE
NIGHT LIFE
NIGHT LIFE
BEER HALL
CORNER GROCERY
TRAVELER’S INN
Activity Pockets
Theatre + Dance School
1
FOOD STANDS
2
These Activity Pockets are spread strategically throughout the area to ensure equal people movement and distribution. It will contains various space activator such as grocery, beer hall, street cafe, and chemistry
Potential Gateway for Pedestrian existing Bus Station
1. The Stairs Performance
2. The Stage Performance
Residential for 5000 People The residential area on this complex is intended to create an internal user that are proposed to use the precinct on a daily basis. Since to make a 100 ft public square alive you need at least 18 people; therefore the residential area must be able to accommodate 5000 people as the new dwellers.
Theatre The theatre complex is the main catalyst on this project. It acts as container of the whole activity on the urban strip and as a transit hub due to its adjacency to the bus station. (it works similar to King George Square) This theatre complex can also accommodate outdoor performance. (refer to Typology of Performing Stage)
Dance School The dance school is established as a major compliment to the theatre complex. It supports the notion of spontaneous performance by giving the students a chance to perform on a professional manner on the outdoor stage / street performing / or even the main stage.
1
Shopping Centre To Accommodate 5000 residents the existence of a large Shopping Centre is inevitable. You will need a large groceries such as Coles / Woolworths to support the daily live of the dwellers.
2
Typology of Performing Space This typology is intended to generate a culture of spontaneous performance on the area. This typology is crucial to bring life and to add human qualities to the Master Plan. The following are several typology on how various street performance can make good use of the space inside the building complex
1. The Stage Performance This type of performance allows the performer to use the outdoor stage. (see preliminary sketch for image reference) it is proposed for a semi-commercial type of performance where Art/Dance-School Students were given the experience to perform as a professional. Service Area & Loading Bay
Drop-Off Point
This type of performance is proposed for a less serious audience. The atmosphere that is brought is more playful and cozy.
3
Food Stand
1
Food Stand
2. The Stairs Performance
Food stand is an important aspect of this typology. Street performing space has to be close to food and drinks. Otherwise it will be bland and deserted
2
2. The Alley-way Performance This type of performance is a free-type performance for anybody who wants to show his/her skills in music or art or any type of entertainment spontaneous. The performer space can be as simple as sitting next to a food stand.
20
Spatial Division The following is a chart to illustrate the relationship between each of the space requirements for the Theatre and Dance School.
Function Room Dance School
Lighting Room
Operating Room Rehearsal Area
Acoustic Shield Balcony Seat
Fly Tower Loading Bay
Orchestra Pit
Foyer
Toilet
Stages Immediate Access
Regular Seat
Drop-Off Point
Workshop
Green Room
Auditorium
Vertical Access
Parking Space
Electrical Room
Back of Stages
Vertical Access Service Access
Acoustic Shield
Storage Room Management Office
Inner Courtyard
Miscellaneous
Exhibition Space
Dressing Room
Ticket Booth
Musical Equipment Immediate Access
Information Centre
Lounge
Toilet Fire Exit
Canteen Kitchen
Legend Fire Exit Outdoor-Indoor Relationship
Bus Station
Direct Access
Community Space Grand Staircase (Audience Space)
To Urban Strip
Outdoor Stage Small Public Square
To The Gabba Stadium
Spatial Division
6
18 19 16
The Spatial division of the theatre complex has been designed to ensure connectivity between related spaces. The stage for example, is located on the west side of the building at the intersection of the main access road. The workshop is next to the service access to enhance mobility with the loading bay. Performer internal spaces such as green room, dressing room, equipment room are located at the basement for privacy and avoid them to use the foyer and therefore completely separating them from the audience. The inner courtyard is strategically located in the middle of the building as the breathing point and adjacent to the refreshment area. Note that this is a preliminary design resolution, scale and position might adjust on the final design stage
8 9
15
26
26
24
10 11 12 17
20
5
22
21
23
7
3
13
14
5
4 2 1 To GABBA
1 To Bus Station
13 25
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.
Community Space Grand Staircase Outdoor Stage Small Public Square Foyer Drop-Off Point Parking Space Vertical Access Inner Courtyard Management Office Ticket Booth Information Centre Exhibition Space Balcony Seat Regular Seat Auditorium Lounge Stages Orchestra Pit Green Room Storage Room Dressing Room Musical Equipment Workshop Roof Garden Dance School
22
ASSIGNMENT 2
TECHNOLOGY BRIEF Benedicto Gunawan (n6433766)
DAN 100 Architecture Master Studio 1
The following is a brief for the types of Technology that will be incorporated to the building design. Please note that this brief is from the DAN 135 Assignment 3, and therefore the preliminary massing is different from the current design proposal. However, the types of technology such as the Green Roof, Glazing System and the Water Management Scheme remain the same.
Massing Analysis Sun Impact The building mass presents a fundamental impact to the technological integration in a holistic manner. The building program needs to be complimented in order to support the intended purpose of the building. The initial purpose of the green roof as a community space for example, requires additional treatment as the summer sun exposure (12.00 pm) almost leave the whole roof area uncovered. The addition of large trees is inevitable (refer to Intensive green roof). In winter, the low angle sun leave more than 50% area of the roof covered by shade. Interior area has to be properly insulated, the use of double glazing and natural insulation such as vegetation is a sensible direction. (refer to thermal analysis and trellis system)
Wind Impact
Roof coverage area proposed for PV cells panels. Total roof area (length x width) = 50 m x 33 m (refer to module configuration)
Summer (Dec) 09.00 am
12.00 pm
03.00 pm
Winter (Jul) 09.00 am
12.00 pm
03.00 pm
Proposed cross ventilation through the office environment
Proposed Glazing Facade Proposed double skin facade to maximize passive solar and insulation purpose Proposed Trellis system integrated to Biofiltration system to reduce airborne from Main St and Vulture St
Propose water treatment storage and artificial pond for evaporative cooling in summer. The location is strategic to bring chilled air above the pond to the building due to the wind movement
Theatre space underneath the green roofs is inappropriate for big trees because the absence of structural column
Proposed double glazing window for winter insulation to compromise minimum sunlight penetration through the trellis system
The majority of wind movement from south and south east will be directed through the ramp due to the staging shape of the building mass.
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Glazing and Thermal Analysis
Do you know? Argon gas inside
Image Sources : Bond Homes (Internet Sources)
Double glazing window trapped the air between two panels of glasses. This trapped air generates an insulating barrier to prevent heat loss or gain through the window because the barrier insulates the room from temperature differences at both sides of the glazing unit. An improvement can be made by reducing the conductance of the air space between panels of glasses. Slow-moving gas such as Argon can reduce the conductance and minimise the convection currents within the glass layers. This is possible because Argon’s density is greater than the air itself.
Section A
Double sun shelf to guide indirect sunlight into the interior area of the building in summer
Trellis cable system integrated to the Biofiltration system in a compact selfsufficient water treatment system(refer Biofiltration section)
Detail section of intensive green roof (refer to Intensive Green Roof Section B) Detail section of intensive green roof (refer to Intensive Green Roof Section A)
Section A & B Fly tower
Foyer
Stage
Direct summer sunlight is reflected by the fixed sun shading Biofiltration system integrated to the facade, incorporates the trellis system. These system works together as a filter to both airborne and noise. (refer to Biofiltration and Trellis system)
Direct winter sunlight can penetrate to a relatively small area, however, the trellis system and double glazing window work as thermal insulation.
Loading Bay Service Room
Section A
Section B
Main St
Auditorium
Section B
Direct summer sunlight is reflected by the fixed sun shading
Fully shaded interior, naturally enlightened by indirect sun exposure Double glazing skin works as a wind tunnel to guide the warmth air out of the building.
Direct summer sunlight can penetrate deep to the interior area of the building Double glazing window works as the main thermal insulator in winter.
Fully shaded interior, naturally enlightened by indirect sun exposure
Clean, fresh air is distributed through the ceiling
Fully shaded interior, naturally enlightened by indirect sun exposure
Water Management Scheme
Purified water is distributed through solar pump for shower
Recycled non-potable water is reused for green roof’s irrigation system
Treated black water is reused for toilet and Biofiltration purpose. (refer to Biofiltration section)
Stormwater run-off are collected through the intensive green roof system. (refer to Intensive)
3 Shower 5 Toilet & Biofiltration
6 Recycled non-potable water 1 Stromwater Run-off
Solar pump
Foyer
Fly tower
Auditorium Stage
Main St Loading Bay
Service Room Non-potable tank Filtration/ Rain Storage
2 Potable water treatment
Collected water from both green roof and pond is purified through the potable water treatment
4
Black water treatment
Waste water from shower goes to black water treatment for sufficient treatment. (can be reused for toilet & Biofiltration or distributed to non-potable tank for irrigation purpose
Stormwater Run-off Calculation Total area of roof (including green roof) = 8240 m2 The volume of rainwater collected is necessary to determine the volume of rainwater tank. The formula of estimated collected rainwater volume goes as follows: Collected Rainwater volume = Total roof area x Annual rainfall x 0.7 (flat roof run-off coefficient) = 8240 m2 x 1000mm x 0.7 = 5768 m3 pa Volume of Rainwater tank = 10 % x Volume of Rainwater collected = 10% x 5768 = 576 m3
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Extensive Green Roof System 1
2 Site Condition
1
3 Design Requirements
4 Selection of plants
2
Site Condition and design requirements : as an addition to the pathways/ramp to the main public space on the roof top to generate a legitimate ground to roof transition. The site condition requires the plants (in this case the sedum type) to be able to withstand an extreme west-sun exposure. Additionally the sedums will be placed in a ramp and therefore it needs to be resistant against gravity
3
Plants availability : Australia, is home to hundreds of types of Sedum. Plants such as Danthonia, Bothriochloa can be easily found almost everywhere along the east side of the continent. However these type of plants can only last for a short period of time. Turfs such as Zoysia and Dianella are far more suitable for our case, because they are roadside plants and highly resilient against harsh condition.
5 Slopes Consideration
Detail Resolution
The extensive green roof will only incorporate a light weight structural system sufficient in maintaining minimum active load such as human movement. Zoysia macrantha
4
12
Danthonia decumbens
Bothriochloa pertus
Slopes : Concerning the ramp factors, it is practical to avoid extreme gradient. Technically a slopes with no more than 40degree angle will save you from complicated construction system. A controlled barrier block can also be incorporated to avoid soil instability or avalanche.
5
Extensive Green Roof Detail Resolution
The extensive green roof will be design to accommodate human movement. It will incorporates a massive ramp shape to activate the public space on top of the building where the intensive green roof system is located. The synergy between these two different systems is intended to support the initial building program (refer to site analysis section)
Protective layer to protect the roof’s membrane from damage during green roof installation and even from fertilizers or possible root penetration. It could be a slab of lightweight concrete, sheet of rigid insulation or thick plastic sheet, depending on the particular design and green roof application.
The filter layer is located between the planting media and the drain layers. The role of a filter layer is to allow water flows while retaining the planting medium. Since root and media particle diameters can vary, filters should be specified for different media and plant types to ensure adequate flow rates for a given planting mix without losing too much silt or allowing excessive root penetration.
The planting medium is distinguished by its mineral content, which is synthetically produced, expanded clay. The clay is considerably less dense and more absorbent than natural minerals, providing the basis for an ultralightweight planting medium. One of the most important roles of the planting medium is its ability in dampening the impact of ambient temperature fluctuation. This property can dramatically affect heat transfer through roof systems in climates where the outside air temperature tends to oscillate about the set indoor temperature. Substrate in extensive green roof system commonly does not reach more than 150 mm
Drain layer is located between the planting medium and the roof membrane. It works similar to filter layer which allow water flow from anywhere on the green roof to the building’s drainage system.
Turfs such as Zoysia and Dianella are far more suitable for our case, because they are roadside plants and highly resilient against harsh condition. Gravel or Paver as an obstacle for the runoff preventing abrasion from the water movement
Controlled barrier work as a batten to stabilize soil and preventing avalanche. This barrier is useful to maintain the rigidity for each grass turf due to the sloping condition of the building mass
The thermal insulation provided by the vegetation, planting medium, and drain layer sufficiently eliminates the need for additional insulation. However, building codes normally require a certain level of added insulation, regardless the overall roof design
Drainage pipe facilitate stormwater run-off to the water treatment system
150 mm concrete slab designed to support minimum active load such as human movement
28
Intensive Green Roof System 1
2 Site Condition
1
Design Requirements
Selection of plants
Structural Integrity
2
Site Condition and design requirements : The intensive type is proposed to be the main activator for public space. The site condition requires the plant to be able to survive in a minimum condition of sunlight. This public space will have a prominent shading quality throughout the summer to maximize its availability as a public park. One of the main advantage of having an intensive green roofs is its thermal insulation capabilities.
3
Plants availability : There is a wide range of plants selection to achieve the design requirements. Plants such as Sedum acre, Sedum album or Sedum floriferum can be a good mix to achieve aesthetic qualities and they do not need ample sunlight which is beneficial to the site’s condition.
Sedum acre
4
5
14
4
3
Sedum album
Sedum floriferum
Structural Integrity : The main consideration of having an intensive green roof types is maintaining its structural integrity. Several method that has been observed from the previous research found that placing heavier loads from bigger trees precisely over a structural columns can be a decent solution.
5
Water Management
6
Detail Resolution
Placing bigger bush right on top of a structural column can be the most efficient way to maintain structural integrity of Intensive green roof
Image Sources : Hopkins and Goodwin (2011)
Water Management System : Stormwater runoff is a leading cause of water pollution in urban areas. Properly design green roof can tackle this situation by absorbing and retaining them over a period of time. An intensive green roof system with substrate depth from 10-15cm can retain up to 60% of the stormwater. Green roof also has the ability to filter contaminants from rainwater, reducing the quantity of the runoff, and therefore reducing the total mass of pollutants that flow from the roof.
6 Do you know?
Intensive Green Roof Detail Resolution
Irrigated vs non-irrigated There are some type of green roof that do not incorporate irrigation system. These type of green roofs practically possible on a tropical site with high level of rain fall. Irrigated system, however preserve the soil moisture due to its controlled water flow. This will be beneficial to the building structure as it reduced a significant heat conduction to the building skin
The intensive green roof will be design as the main space community within the building. The addition of big trees and combination of plants will add significant aesthetic value to the building. The system also help to lengthen the structural integrity of the building by reducing sun penetration, especially in irrigated area.
Image Sources : Afrin (2009)
Gravel or Paver as an obstacle for the runoff preventing abrasion from the water movement
Protective layer to protect the roof’s membrane from damage during green roof installation and even from fertilizers or possible root penetration. It could be a slab of lightweight concrete, sheet of rigid insulation or thick plastic sheet, depending on the particular design and green roof application.
The filter layer is located between the planting media and the drain layers. The role of a filter layer is to allow water flows while retaining the planting medium. Since root and media particle diameters can vary, filters should be specified for different media and plant types to ensure adequate flow rates for a given planting mix without losing too much silt or allowing excessive root penetration.
Big trees and bushes requires additional treatment, protective layers are similar to the extensive system only it requires much deeper substrate, commonly more than 150 mm thick. Depending on their weight, they need to be put right on top of structural column.
Drain layer is located between the planting medium and the roof membrane. It works similar to filter layer which allow water flow from anywhere on the green roof to the building’s drainage system.
There is a wide range of plants selection to achieve the design requirements. Plants such as Sedum acre, Sedum album or Sedum floriferum can be a good mix to achieve aesthetic qualities and they do not need ample sunlight which is beneficial to the site’s condition.
The thermal insulation provided by the vegetation, planting medium, and drain layer sufficiently eliminates the need for additional insulation. However, building codes normally require a certain level of added insulation, regardless the overall roof design
Drainage pipe facilitate stormwater run-off to the water treatment system
3000 mm concrete slab designed to support heavy dead load such as the planting medium and big bushes and active load such as human movement
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Reference Books Neuferts, Peter [2006]. Neuferts Metric Data. London Pickard, Quentin [2002]. The Architects’ Handbook. Blackwell Science Jakob, Atelier [2002]. Green Solutions. Swtizerland Alexander, Christopher [1977]. A Pattern Language. New York Alexander, Christopher [1979]. The Timeless Way of Building. New York Spreiregen, Paul, D [1965]. The Architecture of Towns and Cities. New York