15 16 Newcastle University Ben Simpson
Academic Portfolio BA (Hons) Architecture 2015 - 2016
Learning Summary Following an intense summer working at Farrells on
Retrospectively the primer was the first time in
proposals for the new HS2 line I felt more prepared
my architectural education I looked at what the
than ever for a year of architectural education. The
design / art / architecture was commenting on. Was
summer work provided me the opportunity to learn
there political, or social motives? Can it tell a story
new technical skills, as well as time management
without words? The idea of engaging with political
and process related skills. Working alongside a
issues through the narrative of an architectural story
senior urban designer and a transport architect gave
became fundamental to my graduation project, so
me potentially the strongest set up for Infrastructure
to this I owe primer a great deal.
studio possible. My summer was also spent visiting the London graduate shows such as, Westminster,
The graduation project has been the most exciting
Bartlett and of course, Newcastle’s degree show.
and productive period of my education so far,
Throughout the shows I began collating a bank of
and unashamedly I have loved every minute. It is
presentation precedents, particularly weighted at
impossible to resent the long hours when you’ve
schools such as the Bartlett and the product of their
managed to become so engaged with your work.
MArch programme. With ideas floating, new skills
This all stems from the ability to dictate my own
waiting it was time to get stuck in.
brief and the willingness of Mags & Meeks, to comprehend some of my more absurd ideas and
The year as a whole has been a period of incredibly
mould them into a successful project.
hard-work, but rewarding throughout. Potentially a slow start, the dissertation felt like a struggle. I
“A rapproachment needs to be reached between the
have never been much of a writer and would always
praxis of urban living and food production.” (1)
choose design over this, so to research and complete the dissertation in itself was an achievement. The
CJ Lim’s ‘Smart Cities & Eco-warriors’ has provided
topic I found engaging and here began my deeper
a key text throughout my graduation year, providing
interest and understanding for architectural
a constant source of graphical inspiration coupled
representation so I thank Matt Ozga-Lawn for his
with in-depth theory regarding urbanisation, the
patience and direction in this.
modern city and agricultural production. To finally be able to produce architectural work alongside
As a studio, Infrastructure and Ritual could not
theoretical research is an incredibly satisfying
have suited my architectural style and interests any
process. Where knowledge informs design, design
more. The primer project I struggled with, although
becomes stronger.
finding it engaging on a micro level I found it hard to grasp the larger picture in various tasks and because of this the work lacked a coherence.
“ ... the city is a place of wild contingency.(2)”
Contents N.B [ New work declared as such]
6.
Studio Outline
1.
C.
Charette Week
3.
P.
Primer
5.
T.
Thinking Through Making
21.
1.
Problem
27.
2.
Context
39.
3.
Process
61.
4.
Application of Process : Iteration 1
83.
5.
Application of Process : Iteration 2
99.
B.
Bibliography
145.
A.
Appendix
147.
[Studio 6 : Infrastructure & Ritual]
1
Studio Outline
6
Ritual: a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, and objects, performed in a sequestered place, and performed according to set sequence. Rituals may be prescribed by the traditions of a community, including a religious community. Sequestered: (of a place) isolated and hidden away. synonyms: secluded, cloistered, hidden away, concealed, tucked away, hard to find. Infrastructure: the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
2
[Ruination]
3
Charette
Charette Week 2016 was an exciting opening into my final year of my architectural undergraduate
C
degree. Through the tuition of Nathan, we spent the week exploring the concept of ruination within art and architecture and how ruination can inform design. The main output from the week was a ruined & repaired model which was displayed along with a video mapping exercise. The simultaneous overlay of a projected video across a static object, showing the process of the ruination method. The method we chose was combustion and the figure left is a brief glimpse of our model mid-combustion.
4
“Ritual is important to us as human beings. It ties us to our traditions and our histories.� (3)
Miller Williams
5
Primer
Our four week primer exercise was an opportunity to engage with the core principles of the design
P
studio which would then inform and educate for the graduation project. Through weeks one to four we looked at the principles of ritual, social ritual, diagramming and contraptions with the association to political commentary. The output across the four weeks was a mixture of diagrams, drawings, models, film and a final exhibition. Such a broad range of outputs led each of us to find our feet so-to-speak and begin to revisit skills that had perhaps dwindled over the summer months. Although my primer exercise didn’t directly influence my graduation project I feel it helped me consider the architectural position within the political landscape, a stance that became key to understand for the brief development in the graduation project.
N.B. see appendix for relevant developmental work.
6
[Daily Ritual : Islamic Prayer]
7
Daily Ritual
p
The daily ritual was the underpinning action of our primer project. The ritual was a personal choice and would be used to inform and inspire the various tasks set. My original daily ritual was the Islamic prayer sequence, inspired by my recent trip to Palestine, where it became ritual to see others (not myself) participate in the process. Fundamentally my lack of involvement in the process proved to be an issue and so after some time and self-reflection, I settled on a ritual of ‘phone addiction’. The idea that I struggled to work without first checking my phone and social media outlets. This would also be used to make a ‘comment’ on our current social attitudes towards social media, as well as our inability to free up time. Time as a commodity is more valuable then companionship in modern consumer life, and this is what I wanted to address.
8
[Typology : Where?]
9
Social Ritual
p
Social Ritual - The idea of ritual but on a social scale - a mass participation exercise. The rituals investigated across the studio ranged from bingo, sports fixtures through to religion and funeral. The social ritual I investigated was ‘The Sunday Assembly’ - deemed a non-religious religion the Sunday assembly is an organised meeting of people in order to celebrate life itself, without the need for a deity or icon. Although sold as non-religious there are surprising resemblances when compared with organised religion and these were made quite frank when filling out our typology matrix (see left). Each individual created a typology matrix under 12 headings such as : Where?, Who? , Lighting, Materials, etc. This then gave us a quick but deep knowledge of architectural typologies surrounding various social rituals. N.B. - See appendix for rest of typology.
10
RITUAL
PORK
Salat al-fajr
03:41am
GAMBLING
x5
x1
DRINKING ALCOHOL
MON 6th JUN 1.
2.
ALARM
ABSOLUTION
4.
3. QIBLA
Salat al-zuhr
12:59pm
Salat al-'asr
18:34pm
Salat al-maghrib
21:13pm
PRAYER
“Allah Akber”
MECCA
[Diagramming : Ritual]
11
Diagramming
p
The diagram is an underpinning technique used throughout the studio as a means of informative architectural
representation.
Our
initial
diagramming task looked to diagram our daily ritual in a way that made it understandable, graphically interesting, yet also simple. I chose the iconic ‘Ikea’ instruction manual in order to inform the 4 steps of Islamic prayer - including the tools needed, the rules required to follow and also the times of day for prayer. In some regards it is worth mentioning this could be the initial place where this diagrammatic style of representation became an influence on my work, as will become apparent later on within the portfolio. “The diagram is the starting point of synthesis ; the end product is a tree of diagrams.” (4)
12
[Disassemble: Time]
13
Disassemble
The disassembly task involved each person finding an object, preferably an analogue object and dismantling it. Initially seeming a simple task, the dismantle taught a variety of skills on a micro scale. Assuming the mindset of logic, detail and order allowed us to understand construction and the sequencing behind this. I chose too disassemble an alarm clock, based upon the regularity of time I originally wished to associate with Islamic prayer sequence. The representation of the dismantle came through a fragmented photo montage - playing on the converse irregularity of time in how we view its worth. A feature that followed forward into my contraption concept. Wastage of time vs. productivity. N.B. - See appendix for disassembly diagram and alternate photomontage.
14
[scan code for stop-motion video]
15
Contraption
p
The contraption was the culmination of the primer process. The contraption aimed to take our daily ritual and look to make it easier or highlight the problems of the daily routine as a more social issue. Taking the drawings of Heath Robinson as satirical inspiration we would go on to design and build the contraptions culminating in a studio wide stopmotion animation, showing them in action. (See QR code left). My contraption took my phone addiction daily ritual and combined this with our over burdened value of time as a commodity to create a contraption that would highlight both of these physcially and metaphorically.
16
6. 8.
7. 5.
9.
14.
10.
11.
13. 4. .5Kg
12.
3.
2. 1.
1. Docking Station 2. Structure Base 3. Truss Base 4. Truss Structure 5. Pivot Support 6. Pulley Mechanism 7. Pivot Support (2) 8. Pinion Gear 9. Spur Gear 10. Spur Gear 11. Horizontal Gear 12. Horizontal Gear Support 13. 0.5 Kg Weight
17
[Contraption 1: Diagram]
p
[Contraption Concept : Organiser]
18
9. 8. 10.
7.
0.5kg
13.
11.
6.
12.
3.
14. 5. 16.
15.
2. 5.
4.
3.
0.5kg
1.
2.
1.
1. Base 2. Structure Support 3. Short Lever 4. Landing Pad 5. Water Reciprocal 6. Water Vessel 7. Short Truss 8. Axel Receiver 9. Top Wheel 10. Long Truss 11. Weight Door Block 12. Hinge 13. Weight Door 14. Angled Support 15. Long Lever 16. Side Bracket
19
[Final Contraption Construction Diagram]
p 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1. Phone Distraction. 2. Phone Inserted. 3. Phone
[Contraption Process]
Used as Distraction. 4. Water Pin Removed. 5. Water Falls. 6. Bucket Rises. 7. Weight Blocker Released. 8. Phone Pulled. 9. Distraction Prevented.
20
[Heavy or Light? - Balloon filled with concrete]
21
Thinking Through Making
Thinking Through Making (TTM) was a week in which we explored a different side to thinking about
T
design. We began at a larger more tangible scale. I was involved with a concrete workshop which looked at undoing the stigma attached to concrete as heavy, solid and rigid. I explored the possibilities of pigmenting concrete and using it as a more sculptural form. (see left). As a studio we were tasked with a concept model looking at the micro scale of a door handle detail. At this point I already had an interest in the principles of hydroponics as well as the concept of urban and peri-urban agriculture in the city. I decided to investigate this within the form of ‘door handle’.
22
[Growth]
23
t
[Decay]
24
[Derby Day English Cabbage]
25
The Institute of Hydroponic Development
26
Problem N.B. see appendix for relevant developmental work.
27
The propositional effect of Urbanisation
1
28
“80 per cent of England’s population lives on 10 per cent of the land this greenery-in-the-city is increasingly important.(5)” Jane Owens
29
The Big Issue
1
As the effect of urbanisation takes its toll on London, the population continues to expand exponentially from its epicentre pushing the boundaries of Greater London into overpopulation in the predicted future. With this increase in population comes problems regarding the future of our agricultural system and how we use and treat existing green belt land. If we continue to tear up green belt sites in response to a need for residential housing then the consequences for future generations will be dire. Engel’s Law : an observation in economics stating that as income rises, the proportion of income spent on food falls, even if actual expenditure on food rises. How can we justify a society where the poor pay proportionally more for there food, when the ability and resources to grow your own food are so readily available?
30
31
1
The UK population is projected to increase by 9.7 million over the next 25 years from an estimated 64.6 million in mid-2014 to 74.3 million in mid2039
(6)
. Two questions arise, Where will these
people live? How do we feed this ever growing
Brief Narrative
population? The area of Brentford I have chosen to investigate
“The cultivation, processing and distribution of
is located adjacent to Kew Gardens, the Royal
food within the city - would have the two-fold effect
Botanical Gardens in the London borough of
of making these processes transparent and offering
Richmond Upon Thames. With a green belt
a means for the re-establishment of food and its
consisting of over 300 acres this plot remains
reproduction as a social relationship
currently protected and unoccupied by any form of
rather than a commodity.”(8)
residential housing. For how long though can this remain? As London continues to expand the power
Using CJ Lim’s ‘Smart Cities & Eco-Warriors’ as a
and wealth of overseas developers has the potential
main text I propose addressing the issue through
to force the purchase of Kew Gardens in order
applying an urban farming scheme in Brentford
to provide properties for the future population
as an exemplar proposal for all of Greater London.
overload.
In short, a research and development centre into the investigation of hydroponic growth of plants
With the measures set out in Mr Osborne’s 2016
and crops. Coupled with an education centre for
Mansion speech it seems that our future shows the
the community of Brentford to learn agricultural
very real potential for complete urbanisation within
skills and then apply such skills to the urban
the Greater London area.
allotments located within Brentford and further afield, broadening community ties in the currently
“If we want to limit development on important
unstable social climate of Brentford.
green spaces, we have to remove all the obstacles that remain to development on brown field sites.
In essence I want to investigate how to find an
Councils will be required to put local development
archetypal response to balancing : construction,
orders on over 90% of brownfield sites that are
growing and production as a future proofing response
suitable for housing.(7)”
to the impending urbanisation.
32
Lexicon “Communities share much in common with agriculture, and one can show the way forward for the other.�
(9)
CJ Lim
33
agritourism: the act of visiting an agricultural or horticultural
Engel’s law: an observation in economics stating that as
operation for leisure, educational or active involvement purposes.
income rises, the proportion of income spent on food falls, even if
Agritourism offers an alternative revenue stream for rural
actual expenditure on food rises.
communities and an insight into food production for the general public.
agroforestry: A land use system in which the growth of
green belt: an area of open land around a city, on which building is restricted.
herbaceous crops is combined with trees and shrubs to preserve
green space: an area of grass, trees, or other vegetation set
and improve productivity. Trees draw water and nutrients from
apart for recreational or aesthetic purposes in an otherwise urban
deeper soil and provide temperature moderation and mulch whilst
environment. An area associated with the ideas of public realm.
herbaceous plants prevent soil erosion and the proliferation of weeds.
appropriate technology: Technological solutions
groundwater: Water that has collected beneath the earth’s surface in porous layers of rock called aquifiers.
that take into account environmental solutions that take into
hydroponics: A technique for cultivating plants using
account environmental, social and cultural considerations and are
a nutrient solution as a growing medium in lieu of soil. The
sustainable within the communities in which they are employed.
productivity from hydroponic cultures is high due to the plants
biomass: A renewable energy source derived from plant residue, vegetation or agricultural waste that is used in the
receiving a constant feed of nutrients with minimal risk of pest infestation.
production of heat or electricity. Biomass crops tend to sequester
monocropping: The cultivation of a single crop on arable
more carbon than arable crops, but contribute in the same way as
land without using crop rotation. Whilst facilitating operational
fossil fuels to greenhouse gas emissions when burnt.
efficiencies, mono-cropping results in the diminution of soil
closed system: A physical system that obeys the laws of
fertility.
conservation and does not interact with its external environment.
progress paradox: The proposition that despite great
In reality, no system can be completely closed.
advancements in technology ad improvements in key life quality
cultivar: A plant species cultivated for its unique characteristics
indices, people are no happier than they have been in the past.
that are uniform, distinct, stable and retain those characteristics
urban + peri-urban agriculture: The production of
on reproduction.
food in, or in the case if peri-urban agriculture, around cities and
ecotourism: Environmentally responsible travel to natural
its integration within urban economies and ecologies.
areas in order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and accompanying cultural features, both past and present).
34
1
[Source]
35
1
[Roof-scape]
36
[Industry]
37
1
[Heritage]
38
Context N.B. see appendix for relevant developmental work.
39
Site Selection, its context and its analysis
2
40
North Se
U.K
41
London
English Channel
2
U.K. -- London -- Hounslow -- Brentford
“Since 2001 Hounslow’s population has grown by 19.6%, the 5th largest growth in Greater London.” (10) Greater London
Population 64.1 Million
Population 8.5 Million
ea
River Thames Hounslow
Thames Source
Population 253,957
Hounslow 42
1870s
1930s
1980s
43
Historical Context
Late 1800s
2
The historical context of my site provides a strong argument for the justification of the brief which I have addressed. A town once rich in agriculture and transport, demonstrated through the historical maps (see left). Each map highlights the green field sites and spaces in Brentford at the time [highlighted in orange]. As the transportation industry that revolved around the River Brent and Thames began to slow, the town as a sociological unit began to diminish. The revitalisation of the town in the
Early 1900s
late 1990s increased the residential community of Brentford, but failed to address old industrial issues. The result of the housing boom within Brentford meant that the majority of Brentford’s brown-field sites were built upon for residential purpose. As such the available green spaces in the town disappeared at an alarming rate. Utilising my brief I look to apply the concepts of urban farming across Brentford to ensure agricultural productivity can once more
Late 1900s
resume in the area.
44
The ham \ River Brent
Brentford / Hounslow
River Thames / greater London
45
Thames Relationship
close medium
2
Concentrating on the Thames and thus the Brent as a source of water is important, they provide both the chemical composition of H20, but more than that they provide specific nutrients required to increase hydroponic growth. Specifically, the water supply in the area of Brentford has high levels of CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate) at 266 ppm (parts per million). Ca2+ (Calcium) is one of the primary nutrients used in commercial nutrient solutions. As well as CaCO3 the river Brent also contains a high concentration of a variety of Nitrates as a result of the agricultural history of the area. The ground water around the farm lands has high levels of commercial fertiliser and this finds its way into the water supply. It poses as a problem for the government in regards to Thames basin Algal Bloom but provides an opportunity for ‘free’ fertilisation of the hydroponic plants that will be grown. Other nutrients that will have to be artificially added include :
Fe (iron), Mn (manganese)
wide
Cu (copper) Zn (zinc) B (boron) Cl (chlorine) Ni (nickel)
46
t Stree High
Site : ‘
The Ham’
51.4861° N, 0.3101° W
nt Bre r e Riv
47
am
Ri ve r Th
es
2
48
[Overlook Site from Augustus Close]
49
2
[Top: Brent Way Bridge] [ Bottom: Underneath Augustus Close ]
50
t St. High
r Rive t Bren
[High Street : River Brent]
51
e.a
e.a
2
30
f.f
45
et stre h g i h ay nt w bre
s.m
90
2.
5
13
river brent e.i
3. e.i e.a
1.
augustus close
e.a [existing architecture]
[Site Investigation 3600]
e.i [existing infrastructure] s.m [site materials] f.f [foot fall]
52
“spatial phenomenology in the city, stimulating our eyes, ears, noses, minds and tongues - imagination made real, architecture that you can taste.�(11)
3. 1.
2.
Urban Allotments
4.
53
The Urban Allotment scheme takes the principles of town based allotments coupled with the educational facility proposed. The Brentford population visit the hydroponic research centre and learn about process and good practice, they then take this information with them and apply this at there localised allotments. The principles behind the locations of such allotments is to drive people back to the heart of Brentford and re-establish community ties built upon the past genius loci.
2
Urban Allotment Distribution
n
6.
7.
5.
Urban Allotment Key Locations 1. Modern Residential (Horn Beam Crescent) 2. Town central hub 3. Housing Estate Residential (August Close) 4. Housing Estate Residential (Justin Close) 5. Housing Estate Residential (Victoria Gardens) 6. Lower Nursery (Royal Botanic Gardens) 7. Road Entrance to Kew Gardens (Cambridge Road)
54
[Concept Site Model : Urban Allotment Locations]
55
2
[Concept Site Model : Site as Central Hub]
56
5.0m
2.5m
2.0m
10.
11. 7. 6.
8. 9.
1.
5. 4. 2.
57
3.
2 [Urban Allotment Construction Diagram] 1. Stairs to access platform 2. Feet 3. Bottom Runner 4. Angle Joint 5. Pump fan 6. Access Platform 7. Case Support 8. A-Frame 9. Growth Racks 10. External Envelope 11. Ring Beam
Urban Allotments
5.0m 4.3m
A semi-permanent construction for portable hydroponic allotments. Constructed of three steel ‘A-Frames’ joined with a top ring beam and riveted together. These frames stand on individual footings with a large surface area to
2.0m 1.7m 1.0m
distribute vertical pressures and support the structure. Each side of the frame has a gantry level for the public to engage with the hydroponic racks and thus farm they’re products. 58
[Barbican Estate - Regular Patterns with Integrated Growth]
59
Programme
2
Educational Facilities Lecture Theatre Seminar Room Classroom x 2 Herbarium Library Interactive Learning Space Booking / Reception / Information Meeting Space Public Realm Growth Corridor
Brief Developed
‘Pick Your Own’ Restaurant Kitchen
As a result of site analysis and research the brief and requirements of my design have developed. Still proposing as a learning hub, the
Research Space
development goes on to act as a research centre utilising links to
Testing Grounds
GSK pharmaceutical company as well as the infrastructural ties to
Laboratory x 2
central London.
Lab Report Writing Space
The concept of the proposal being an exemplar design for future
Other
development has manifested itself in a semi-uncontextual design.
Plant Room
The building should fit within its contexts, but at the same time
Toilets
must be applicable for other geographical locations and sites around the Greater London Area. This idea develops further influencing a rigid design structure - similar or the same forms decide the greater design whilst individual programs dictate smaller details of internal spaces.
60
Process N.B. see appendix for relevant developmental work.
61
Hydroponics, urban agriculture and its Process
3
62
A Day In The Life Of Laboratory Technician & Teacher : Dr Smith
Child on school visit : Erin Russell
9:00am
High
10:00am
Medium
11:00am
Low
18:00pm
12:00am
13:00pm
17:00pm
14:00pm
16:00pm 15:00pm
Research Education Public Realm [Estimated Activity Level] 63
Arrives, straight to the [staff room] for a quick coffee
9:00am
Checks seedlings for overnight growth levels. [Lab 1]
10:00am
Daily Staff Meeting [ Staff Room]
Arrives and books in at [ Reception]
11:00am
Lunch Break [Garden / Staff Room / Restaurant]
Explores [Growth Corridor] & [Herbarium]
12:00am
Lab Research [Lab 1]
Has lunch at [ Restaurant]
13:00am
Lab Research [Lab 1]
Lecture in [ Lecture Theatre]
14:00am
Teaching [Seminar 1]
Learning [ Seminar 1]
15:00am
Checks the external fields [Garden Site]
Home Time via [ Gardens]
16:00am
Daily report write up [ Report room]
17:00am
[Staff Room] and then home
18:00am
3
64
rule #1. Building upon a green belt site requires the ability to provide production value in a environmentally sustainable manner.
rule #2. In order to challenge Engel’s law - the occupation of green belt sites should only occur when food consumption can be matched with food production.
65
Site Rules
3
Where do you build a house in a forest? Because of the nature of my site being large, heavily vegetated and relatively unoccupied it becomes difficult to design in the smaller context of the site boundaries. To provide elements to ‘bounce off of ’ when designing I stipulated site rules that should be obeyed in an attempt to stir developmental progression. These site rules (stated left) are process related. In regards to process this is referring to productivity on an agricultural level which can hopefully mould and inform design to create the previously mentioned : Balancing : of construction, growing and production as a future proofing response to the impending urbanisation.
66
[Hanging Gardens Deconstructed]
2. 3.
4.
1. 6.
5.
1. Water Pump
1. Water pump with nutrient solution. 2. Hydroponic frame. 3. Plantation carriers. 4. Water out of pump and through plantation. 5. Water Recycled and cleaned in pump. 6. Moveable crane
[Growing Frame Construction Diagram]
2. Hydroponic Frame 3. Plantation Carriers 4. Water out of pump and through plantation 6. Moving Crane
67
Hydroponic Frame
5. Water Recycled and cleaned in pump An initial design looking at distilling the process of hydroponic growing into a singular frame structure, allowing replication in similarities to conventional field based agriculture, rows and rows of frames grow in sync. The frame explores the necessary requirements of growing being water, nutrient solution and sunlight. This frame design would therefore have to be placed externally from the building or within an open void.
“In 2015 the average adult ate 3.9 portions of fruit and
312g per day� (12)
A Tale of Cabbage
vegetables a day equating to
3
In order to match the site rules stipulated there must be some kind of agricultural production value for the site alongside the construction. Rather than look at producing multiple crops I distilled the growing potential down to a single crop in order to ascertain a regular numerical value for the product. I chose the derby day cabbage due to its robustness and English heritage. As site rule 2 stipulates the on site food consumption must be matched with production. In the knowledge that people will be working and therefore eating on site I need to ascertain how many people I can feed using the site and it’s production land value. Using national statistics and average yields I have condensed the output into amount of frame to support 1 person to match their yearly average fruit and vegetable consumption.
Numerical Breakdown 2015 Average adult fruit and vegetable consumption = 3.9 portions per day 1 portion = 80g 312g per day on average 113.8kg per person per year Average Derby Day Cabbage weighs 0.9kg to match average yearly consumption in fruit and veg a person must eat 125.5 cabbages per year 5 cabbages grow in 0.3m length of rack Using a 4 rack frame as show left it would take 9.3m of frame to grow enough cabbage on a bi-monthly rotation to match an adults fruit and vegetable intake . 68
Protected Site Potential
“RIBA says the average one-bedroom new-build home is currently 46 m2� (13)
Numerical Breakdown 1 frame supporting 1 individual for a year = 9000mm x 150mm = 1.35m2 (1) A protected vegetation site full of frames could support 2713.3 people (2) A protected vegetation site full of frames separated by 3.0m could support 129.2 people
x = distance between frames x
x
Tipping Point 1. 3663m2 / 46m2 = 79 - 1 Bedroom homes 2. 79 - 1 bedroom homes across 2 levels = 1831m2 3. This leaves 1832m2 for growing frames. 4. Assuming x = 0 then frames can feed up to 1357 people 5. Assuming x = 3.0m then frames can feed up to 64 people 6. What therefore is the ideal value of x to support a community of 79 1 bedroom homes? 7. When x = 2.5m there is space enough to feed 81 people living on site.
[3663m ] 2
69
1832m2 Growing Frames
1831m2 Residential Development
a dystopian assumption that due to population growth the current forest landscape is cut down and built upon for residential housing.
[year 2116]
dystopian landscape proposal
a future thinking utopian proposal assuming protection of the site a botanical garden grows and promotes elemental beauty and pride.
a site massing that looks to uninterrupt the protected green belt whilst also complimenting the space. The construction occurs on only two levels.
a site filled with vegetation amidst an industrial area of Brentford - a rare green space that needs to be protected and maintained in order to fulfill the prophecy of the design brief.
3
4 [year 2116]
utopian landscape proposal
3 [year 2016]
1 7.0m
G 3.3m
Massing proposal
2 [year : current]
Current Landscape
1
‘Which future do we choose?’
70
O] 2
wate r [H
ma ter ial s
nts trie u n ble solu
] e] ron ganes I [ n Fe [Ma ] Mn er e] nat opp o C b [ Car Cu nc] i lcium Z [ Zn [Ca O3 CaC
5.5
variable [1]
input
pH
7
14
[pH - Moles per litre of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution]
erg en y
sunlight artifical UV light
x
amountlevel of human interaction necessary of human interaction
high
med
low
time-line of hydroponic process
71
timeline of hydroponic pro
Mapping Hydroponic Process with Human Interaction
3
Using a diagram in a more scientific form, to understand at what times and positions human interaction is pivotal for the efficiency of hydroponic growth. This can then be used as a reference point for spatial design.
size
25.0
variable [2] temperature
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
output
quality
growth variation
[optimum temperature c]
nutritional value
y
ocess
72
the tree of life the design of an artificial tree, the process of planting a forest, the growth of nature.
73
Inochi No Ki
3
Inochi No Ki - Japanese for ‘Tree of Life’. Developing the hydroponic ‘frame’ into an artificial tree. In design it takes its roots from Japanese manga comics and there influence on the likes of Bryan Cantley and Lebbeus Woods. In principal the move from frame to tree is a direct reference of the removal of real trees from the site for the replacement with an artificial substitute. Instead of growing upwards in all varieties the artificial trees provide the conditions for the growth of cabbages both internally and externally. Once designed the trees are ‘planted’, a forest grows and a building is then carved out of this forest ...
74
[Lebbeus Woods - ‘Photon Kite’]
75
3
[ Bryan Cantley - ‘Sketch268’ ]
76
0.0m
2.2m
3.2m
7.3m
7.8m
2.0m wendy waters the natural garden photovoltaic cell provides electricity for top rack grow lights
6.0m 5.4m 5.0m
4.9m water pump and treatment plant
3.9m
water outlets to each tray +
water recycled and reachs bottom try passage of electrical flow into grow lights
-
3.0m
Inochi no ki ‘tree of life’
water pumped back towards tree
1.6m
simon tends to the lower hydroponic cabbages water returns to the tree full cycle
0.3m
-0.4m water from River Brent
-1.1m
Additional Nutrient Vat
0.0m
0.7m
2.1m
[Tree #437 - Mutation 1]
77
Mutation 1.
3
Through technical design a ‘tree’ is developed, its specification when planted on site results in 58 positions in which 0 growing occurs (see site genetics pg. 81-82). In order to maximise efficiency rates a mutation must occur through ‘unnatural selection’. The specific and controlled selection of features from a single or multiple species in order to provide an improvement and or difference in genome. Issues to address through mutation 1 : structural form means no passage through a section of tree. Tree form means growth only occurs in a single direction - not bi-directionally. Because of unidirectionality - growth only occurs in 10m spans - resulting in more positions being unavailable to plant in.
78
0.0m
3.2m
tensioned cables provide more support for gantry
7.3m
770 2.0m
450
220
robotics allow the frame to be dual-directional and varying in length
water travels up to service gantry
6.0m
photovoltaic cell provides electricity for top rack grow lights
5.0m
4.9m +
[7] -
3.9m
water travels vertically back to pump
3.0m Inochi no ki ‘tree of life’
2.0m gantry support
top -down supports allow paths to be carved
water pumped under pressure towards gantry
1.6m 100
hoses serve water back to pump
0.3m ground sourced water pump
-0.4m
water from River Brent
-1.1m
additional nutrient vat
0.0m
0.7m
2.1m
[Tree #438 - Mutation 2]
79
Mutation 2.
3
As a result of specific enhancement, the ‘tree’ has new features. The ability to be separated internally allowing passage through a complete frame with growth uninhibited. Mutation has also provided the ability to span 5m lengths in dual-directions. The result is that when programmed into the site geneticism plan, only 9 places have 0 growth, a much more acceptable number. The forest is now planted. Site geneticism diagrams overleaf explain the variation in physical outputs based on features of each tree mutation. The heavier the site can be planted as a beginning position the better in regards to satisfying site rule 1. Building upon a green belt site requires the ability to provide production value in a environmentally sustainable manner
80
mutated output
points
900
surface
site geneticism strain #1
Site Geneticism Surface : All Available positions in which artificial trees can be planted. Points : Positions in which trees can be planted based on features determined by mutation variety. Mutated Output: Negative massing based on unavailable planting positions.
81
[Tree #437 - Mutation 1]
3 mutated output
points
900
surface
site geneticism strain #2
[Tree #438 - Mutation 2]
82
83
Iteration 1.
Application of Process N.B. see appendix for relevant developmental work.
Architectural Design with balance of construction, growing and production
4
84
[Building as Street]
85
Site Strategy
4
The design as a process fell into two iterations during the graduation project. Firstly I will highlight iteration 1 and notably its failures in satisfying my brief and design challenges. Iteration 1 viewed the project site as a smaller fraction of the site in design with the rest of the site saved for artificial tree plantation. Iteration 2 looked to address the site as a whole and design accordingly. Hopefully a somewhat more compelling argument for my project and a greater success as a whole. Building as a street - perhaps the most important site strategy throughout the project - looking at driving people from the High Street, through my site as a place of interest and then down to the River Brent. This - coupled with the site rules of productivity provided the main driving force in spatial layout and building form.
86
[in and out]
[new green space]
[high st - river ]
87
4
[Corridor of Growth]
[Accessibility]
Diagrammatic representation of the 2D influences on original form. Looking at using the site as a social reference point to move in and out of the site due to
2D Form
its central location. Looking at the site as a potential for new green space attempting to match ideas of balance during new construction. Looking at site as a passage way as well as final destination. How can public realm be promoted at the same time as public attraction?
88
[Ground Floor]
89
[First Floor]
4
Education : 714.7m2
Growth Corridor : 567.9m2
Laboratory : 201.4m2
Public Space : 297.4m2
[Basic Programme]
Responding to the site and assimilating tangible masses in order to begin to understand the scale of the design. The general shift in scale in third year
2D Form
initially proved problematic from a point of space visualisation. The apparent vastness of the site and design standards removed the human scale from design and this took some getting used to. As you’ll see in appendix - sizing issues within initial plans were a regular occurrence.
90
[test bed]
[pub [gantry 1]
[s
[public corridor : shop / information]
[section a-a]
[laboratory]
[lecture theatre]
[water supply from River Brent]
[section b-b]
91
[gantry 2]
[public gallery]
[8.3m] [gantry 2]
blic gallery]
seminar room]
[learning space]
[toilet]
[laboratory]
[lecture theatre]
[4.3m]
4
[0.0m]
[water supply from River Brent]
basement [-3.0m]
[8.3m] [gantry 1] [test bed]
[4.3m]
[public corridor : shop / information / seminar room]
basement [-3.0m]
Thinking In Section Thinking in section whilst also in plan. Looking to consider how my building will interact with the High Street. A fundamental feature is the passage from the High Street through to the River Brent. How can I promote this journey?
92
[The Garden Looks Lovely]
93
4
[Dad, What’s This?]
94
b
a
1.
2. 9. 3.
c 4. 5.
c
6.
10. 7. 11. 8.
12.
13.
a b
0
10 95
20
[Ground Floor Plan]
b
4
a 0o
1.
90o
2.
c
3.
c
5.
4.
6.
7.
a b
0
10
20
[First Floor Plan]
96
Development see appendix for relevant developmental work.
97
4
Iteration 1 design had many flaws, both fundamentally and representationally and as of these the developed design improved massively. Fundamentally the main issues to consider and develop were : the general sizing of the spaces were too small, e.g. herbarium / kitchen etc. This stemmed partly from letting the site boundaries dictate the form, when in fact the site is almost boundary-less. This must be addressed in order
Reflection
to satisfy the brief and generally have a more successful architectural form. As well as the site restricting space sizes, an issue with linearity also played its part. The spatial layout took linear form to its maximum and the result was cramped corridors through furniture placement as well wall form. Addressing this linearity can be achieved through looking at circulation from left to right to break up the verticality. This concept began to show in the first floor gantries but needs to be taken much further in order to maximise the layout spatially. Having the, ‘building as street’, as major site strategy never felt fully achieved and in some ways the street became an after thought being placed to the side of the building. In concept a street is a passage way between two masses and this deserves to be explored much further. The final fundamental flaw came through spatial layout again, it never felt as if there was a reason to travel through the building, in this regard the position of certain ‘attractions’ for visitors should be considered, without the ‘carrot in front of the nose’ visitors may be reluctant to travel further into the building once they’ve reached their initial destination.
Representation Regarding the representation of the proposal at current there are also a variety of issues that should be addressed in order to progress further. Initially the diagrams perform a clean and succinct role in explaining the basic site strategies, but this basic level of representation then continues into the building sections. Sectionally the representation needs to consider the message in which it is trying to convey : one of journey and passage through the design. I liked the internal collages, however the material qualities they display seem somewhat fake and the building begins to be portrayed as a sensory place that oozes colour and touch, in reality it would and should have a much more clinical laboratory feel to it and this should be displayed in the internal spaces. The internals also lack any idea of site scale. On such a vast site this should be addressed. I feel that the plans are telling and concise but lack a human scale, and again don’t demonstrate any detail of the tree’s, the growth or the vastness of the site.
98
99
Iteration 2.
Application of Process N.B. see appendix for relevant developmental work.
Architectural Design with balance of construction, growing and production
5
100
Jan Dec
20oc
Feb
15oc
Nov
Mar 10oc
5oc
Oct
0
40mm
50mm
60mm
50hrs
100hrs
May
Sep 150hrs
Aug
200hrs
Jun
Jul
Average monthly temperature (oc) Average monthly rainfall (mm) Average monthly sunshine (hrs)
101
Apr
Influence on 2D Form
5
In order to consider the design on a more fundamental level, iteration 2 demonstrates a greater understanding of the environmental impact of site location (see left for environmental diagram) and it’s effect on the spatial layout of the building. The main site strategy of treating the building as a street remains as previous iteration with desired improvements in location and access.
102
sunpath
a
sunpath
a
1.
3.
b
b
sunpath
sunpath
[2D Form dictated by route and sunpath]
[Mass separates to create large internal street]
sunpath
sunpath
a
a
2.
4.
1.
2.
3.
b sunpath
[Following Route and Maximising East - West Orientation]
103
b sunpath
[Circulation Positioned North - South]
sunpath
a
5
5.
2D Form 1.
2.
1. A combination of the desired route through the site [a - b] coupled with the environmental impact on the site - represented as the sun
3.
path - provide the initial limitations on the buildings 2-Dimensional form.
b 2. First massing follows desired route and sunpath
maximises East - West elevation in order to provide most natural sunlight without
[Places of public attraction promote movement]
morning and evening low sun. 3. Initial mass separates down the middle creating an internal street following route line.
sunpath
a
4. Position of circulation cores in reflection
6.
to unglazed areas of design being North and South faรงades. These would receive low 1.
morning and low evening sun so should be
2.
unglazed. 3.
5. Tactical position of public attractions throughout the building in order to promote
b sunpath
inquisitive movement through the design and thus out into the River Brent area. 6. Gantry position based upon public circulation - also promotes cross site
[Sideways circulation based on public passage]
movement and breaks initial linearity.
104
First Floor 1:200 @ A3
1.
1. Seminar Room
2000mm
2. Classroom 1
2.
3. Classroom 2 6000mm
4. Disabled Toilets 5. Herbarium Core 6. Lab Report Room 7. Laboratory 1. 8. Laboratory 2. 9. Library
3.
10. Stair Core 2
4.
x
x
x
a.
x
x x
5.
6.
7.
9. 8.
105
10.
1.
5
Ground Floor 1:200 @ A3 1500mm
2.
1. Street Threshold
2000mm
2. Gantry 1 3. Interactive Learning 6000mm
4. Stair Core 1
4.
3.
5. Booking Information 6. Herbarium 7. Restaurant 8. Kitchen
5.
9. ‘Pick Your Own’ 10. Stair Core 2
6.
b.
7. 9. 8.
10.
106
Basement Floor 1:200 @ A3 1. Staircase to Plant Room 2. Staircase to Lecture
5.
3. Lecture Theatre
4.
4. Plant Room 5. Disabled Access
1.
3.
107
2.
Plan
5
The set of final plans look to address the 2D influences addressed both through iteration 1 & 2. A prominent feature within these plans is the inclusion of the portal frame exoskeleton which dictates structure and provides non-load bearing roof support and facade detailing. See appendix. 5.1 for plan development and process. Points to consider in the final plans are the extended width of the street, the improved circulation and the reflection of this on the increased internal spaces.
108
[Parti Diagram - Portal Concept]
109
Portal Frame & Modules
5
The parti (see left) begins to explain the structure of the proposal. A portal frame slides into the site - a concrete basement level is set. The frame then supports a series of self enveloped modules of repeated size and form. Each module is then detailed specific to the program inside. The frame concept takes its roots from the roof typology of the surrounding area, but more specifically the current unused portal frame on site. The use of a portal frame achieves a twisted agricultural feel to the design, whilst the modules play on the ‘sci-fi’ futuristic element associated with the scientific research within the proposal. Both the portal frame and the modules progressed through later development - see appendix for pre-frame / pre-module work.
110
Portal Frame Roof / Facade
First Floor Modules
Ground Floor Modules
construction build-up
First Floor Steel Supports
Ground Floor Steel Supports
Portal Frame Footing
site
[Axonometric - Structural Progression]
111
5
Module Exploring the basic function of a single module in relationship to the portal frame. What are the internal requirements of each space? Factors to consider : lighting (daylight vs. artificial), ventilation (natural vs. mechanical).
112
1.
2.
[Portal Frame : Joint Details] 113
Portal Frame
5
Connection investigation in portal frame : 1. Column : Eave : Rafter Connection 2. Column : Horizontal Beam Connection
114
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
Connection 1. 1. Hollow Square Section 300x300mm 2. Purlin 3. Thick Plate Stiffener 4. Eaves Beam 5. Plate Stiffener 6. Haunch
[Column : Eave : Rafter Connection]
115
5
Connection 2. 1.
1. Hollow Square Section 300x300mm 2. Nut 3. End Plate 4. Universal Beam 500x300mm 5. Bolt (M10) 6. Haunch
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
[Column : Horizontal Beam Connection]
116
Mechanical Ventilation of Laboratory Spaces
Air / Water Barrier Continuous Insulation MNE (Services) Concrete Slab (130mm) Metal Deck System I-Beam (258 x 560mm)
Gypsum Board (25mm) Insulation (100mm) Rigid Insulation (75mm) Cavity (50mm) Exterior Rain Screen Metal Facade
Un-openable Triple Glazing Prevents Filtration
[ Laboratory Biopsy a-a] scale - 1:50
[Laboratory Section : Scale 1:50 @ A3 ]
117
5 Dr. Smith arrives at class... Students late as always!!!
Outward Opening Windows - Solar Shading
Natural Cross-Ventilation Passage
[ Classroom Biopsy b-b] scale - 1:50
[Classroom Section : Scale 1:50 @ A3 ]
118
19200 mm.
cc
14000 mm.
Ceiling Level MNE Services Metal Deck System Concrete Slab (130mm) Air & Vapour Barrier Continuous Insulation
7500 mm.
6500 mm.
6000 mm.
5100 mm.
Sarah and Baby Lucy know that the farm is open to everyone... How inclusive!!
3800 mm.
1300 mm.
- 300 mm.
- 1000 mm.
Bill is in charge of service maintenance, a very important job. Good work Bill! Bearing capacity of soil unknown - pile foundations until suitable strata is met.
3000 mm.
- 6000 mm.
4600 mm.
119
[Sectio 1:
Technical Section - Scale 1:50 @ A1 Closer detail shown across the next pages
External Finish Cavity Barrier w. Cavity Tray Cavity (min. 50mm) Rigid Insulation Light Steel Frame Deflection Head I-Beam Concrete Slab (130mm) Metal Deck System
Dr. Smith strolls to class, ready to teach his 10:00am lesson... Basic Hydroponics 101.
Tree # 438 Mutation 2. Interaction with internal environement for educational purpose
Margaret tends to the natural growers..... What fun!
Liz and Erin spend the day exploring the hydroponic forest.... Amazing!
Richard extends the hydroponic frame ready for interactive learning. Wow!!
Wendy is a first time visitor to the farm, she knows of a newly built allotment close to her house. She is visiting to learn how hydroponics work, and crucially, what tasty produce she can grow back home. She can’t wait to get stuck in ...
Bare Concrete Finish Concrete Slab (1000mm) Concrete Ring Beam Tanking (Waterproofing) Pile Cap Pile Foundation
on - c-c] :50
120
121
5
122
123
5
124
2.
1.
4.
5.
3.
[Dynamic Section : Site Lines ]
125
Unveiling Activity
5
A second ‘section’ showing the dynamism of the internal spaces underneath the outer frame. Taking representational inspiration from the drawings of Neil Denari. This section looks to highlight the idea that facade is removed where necessary to provide site views, and accessibility and is firmly in place to provide privacy and solar shading.
1. Facade as frame
126
B R E N T F O RD
est.1476
(R) - 11800mm
Module Repetition A module based design results in a floor plate repetition allowing easy control of construction and de-construction.
(1) - 5500mm
(G) - 750mm
(B) - 3300mm
Modules Encapsulated by Frame Individual modules designed from the same dimensions, provide unique spaces for a variety of programmes.
First Floor Ground Floor Basement Perforated Metal Facade Perforated facade acts as solar shading as well as privacy screening dependant on internal conditions.
Shadow Casts Shadows cast as a reflection of perforations.
Form Shift 27.60 shift draws visitors from Hight Street to River Brent.
Portal Frame Dictates Form Frame acts as exo-skeleton - providing structure/form/solar shading & privacy. Frame constructed of square-hollow sections riveted in place.
Ground Floor Basement
Sun Path Shadow created at 6:30pm March 9th 2016. Visitors leave - work day ends.
Roof Roof Typology Typology Roof Typology of Brentford Informs building form and construction.
Agricultural Education Intensification Growing intensification decreases whilst education intensifation increases. A harmonious balance between crop output and agricultutural knowledge is met.
Urban Agricultural Intensification Site full of frames has the potential production ability to feed 2713.3 people their yearly fruit and vegatble consumption based on national statistics as well as predicted vegetable growth output.
Plant The Forest
Roof Typology Portal Frame
Context
River Brent
Brent Way
Site
High Street
Augustus Close
127
[ Axonometric Exploration of Context / Structure and Spatial layout ]
Flat Roof
Axonometric
5
Axonometric Drawing : Originally 1500mm x 841mm. An axonometric drawing to establish the site context in a 3-Dimensional view as well as the tree planting process and its relationship with the building design. Moving up the drawing I’ve made reference to the structural detailing, modularisation and spatial layout of the design. Taking elements of inspiration from the drawings of Unit 12 Bartlett, the drawing has a playful tone with subtle references to Brentford such as the bee (Brentford F.C nicknamed ‘the bees’). The drawing is exploded further over the following pages.
128
129
5
130
131
5
132
Insertion of seed incubators through programmble robotics. The landscape becomes a symbol of man and machine working harmoniously for the greater good.
Erins’ journey leads her out into the fields a place of unnatural production, where one attempts to secure a sustainable future
Image originally 297mm x 420 133
5
[ Unnatural Selection Provides a Reassuring Landscape ] An aerial view of Erin’s arrival from the east pathway. She is swamped by the vastness of the space. The combination of man and machinery creates an interesting landscape and there’s so much to see.
134
Erins’ journey has her left in the vastness of the cabbage fields. She’s astonished.
Image originally 297mm x 420 135
5
[ Landscape of growing - a refreshing relief ] As growth is in full swing the site is full to the brim with cabbages, all shapes and sizes, the possibilities are endless.
136
Erin explores the paths carved out of the new forest. With lots going on there is plenty to see and touch. A transparent production process educates in an informal manner. Not even the rain can stop her.
Image originally 297mm x 420 137
5
[ Come Rain or Shine, Growth Continues ] As the rain pours Erin becomes intertwined with the various paths carved out of the forest. Such a transparent sensory experience, she sees the hydroponic process from seed incubation through till final picking.
138
Erin enjoys looking at all the lovely flowers and cabbages as she passes through the growth corridor ...
Image originally 297mm x 420 139
5
[ Marvel at the Growth Corridor ] Erin explores the artificial street running through the building. Coined the ‘growth corridor’ there’s lots going on she especially loves the DIY hydroponic planters.
140
Erin enjoys picking her own cabbages, ready to take home to eat ..... Scrumptious!!!
Image originally 297mm x 420 141
5
[ ‘Pick Your Own’ ] Erin visits the twisted ‘pick your own’ garden. A place where she can get as many cabbages as she likes, straight from the source.
142
Development see appendix for relevant developmental work.
143
5
In retrospect of finishing and submitting my graduate design project I look to briefly reflect on the project as a whole and the design process which I undertook. The ability to write, research and mould our own brief has been the fundamental anchor in the graduation project for myself. The ability to engage with work that’s truly yours in its entirety is so much
Reflection
more compelling, it has allowed the exploration of avenues that would otherwise never be considered. Coupled with this comes the ability to push your project in a direction that suits you and for me it’s allowed the declaration of abstract concepts backed up with numerical testing and rigorous drawing. This style of work brings the fun back into work and prevents a stagnation in the years productivity. The personal highlights of the graduate project include the exploration into the ‘artificial tree’ and the avenues and artists this took me to visit. Without this I would never have stumbled upon Bryan Cantley and his text ‘Mechudzu : New Rhetoric’s of Architecture.’ As well as this the general production of the celebratory pieces: axonometric, technical
finished article. I have to become better and putting thoughts onto paper and although I do sketch in my book, this rarely sees the light of day, instead there are many lines of enquiry in my head. Allowing development to come through more clearly will allow a more compelling architectural project to unfold and with this comes greater success. Looking forward to doing it all over again in a years time ...
section, perspectives and plans, was a great experience and taught me many new technical skills. There are however, some areas in the project and working style that I should look to address in order to progress as a successful student and practitioner of architecture. Fundamentally I need to begin to be less precious about designs and drawings in the earlier stages, and with this accept a more rough and working style of drawing as opposed to the
144
Allen, S., Hickey, D., Kwon, M., Kittler, F., Virilio, P.
eco-warriors. New York, NY: Routledge, an imprint
and Miller, J. (1996) Sites and stations: Provisional
of the Taylor & Francis Group.
utopias. United States: Semiotext (E).
Mansion house: George Osborne’s speech in full (2014) Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/
American poetry (1996) Available at: http://
finance/economics/10896599/Mansion-House-
www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/entertain-
George-Osbornes-speech-in-full.html (Accessed:
ment-jan-june96-williams_1-16/ (Accessed: 24
11 February 2016).
May 2016). Owen, J. (no date) Britain’s green urban space is Britain’s green urban space is at risk of rapid decline
at risk of rapid decline. Available at: http://www.
(no date) Available at: http://www.ft.com/cms/
ft.com/cms/s/2/681891a8-13ec-11e4-b46f-00144fe-
s/2/681891a8-13ec-11e4-b46f-00144feabdc0.html
abdc0.html (Accessed: 26 May 2016).
(Accessed: 15 February 2016). Roberts-Hughes, R. (2011) Furniture-residential II Cantley, B. and Epstein-Jones, D. (eds.) (2011)
riba v2. Available at: https://www.architecture.com/
Mechudzu: New Rhetorics for architecture. Austria:
files/ribaholdings/policyandinternationalrelations/
Springer Verlag GmbH.
homewise/caseforspace.pdf (Accessed: 6 March 2016).
Cook, P. (2008) Drawings: The motive force of architecture. United Kingdom: Wiley, John & Sons.
Statistics, O.F.N. (2015) National population projections. Available at: http://ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/npp/
Ellen, Do, Y.-L. and Gross, M.D. (2001) ‘THINK-
national-population-projections/2014-based-pro-
ING WITH DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL
jections/index.html (Accessed: 11 February 2016).
DESIGN’, Published in Artificial Intelligence Review, 15. How has Hounslow’s demographic profile changed? (2013) Available at: http://www.hounslow.gov.uk/ demographic_profile_analysis_jsna.pdf (Accessed: 24 May 2016). Lee, D. (2015) Food statistics pocketbook 2014 in-year update. Available at: https://www.gov. uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/423616/foodpocketbook-2014report-23apr15.pdf (Accessed: 6 March 2016). Lim, C.J. and Liu, E. (2010) Smartcities and
145
Bibliography
B
1. Lim, C.J. and Liu, E. (2010) Smartcities and ecowarriors. New York, NY: Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group. P.g. 15 2. Allen, S., Hickey, D., Kwon, M., Kittler, F., Virilio, P. and Miller, J. (1996) Sites and stations: Provisional utopias. United States: Semiotext (E). P.g. 9 3. American poetry (1996) Available at: http://www. pbs.org/newshour/bb/entertainment-jan-june96williams_1-16/ (Accessed: 24 May 2016).
Notes
4. Ellen, Do, Y.-L. and Gross, M.D. (2001) ‘THINKING
WITH
ARCHITECTURAL
DIAGRAMS
DESIGN’,
Published
IN in
9. Lim, C.J. and Liu, E. (2010) Smartcities and ecowarriors. New York, NY: Routledge, an imprint of
Artificial Intelligence Review, 15. P.g. 7
the Taylor & Francis Group. P.g. 35 5. Owen, J. (no date) Britain’s green urban space is at risk of rapid decline. Available at: http://www.ft.com/
10. How has Hounslow’s demographic profile
cms/s/2/681891a8-13ec-11e4-b46f-00144feabdc0.
changed? (2013) Available at: http://www.
html (Accessed: 26 May 2016).
hounslow.gov.uk/demographic_profile_analysis_ jsna.pdf (Accessed: 24 May 2016).
6. Statistics, O.F.N. (2015) National population projections. Available at: http://ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/
11. Lim, C.J. and Liu, E. (2010) Smartcities and
npp/national-population-projections/2014-based-
eco-warriors. New York, NY: Routledge, an
projections/index.html (Accessed: 11 February
imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group. P.g. 36
2016). 12. Lee, D. (2015) Food statistics pocketbook 7. Mansion house: George Osborne’s speech in full
2014 in-year update. Available at: https://www.
(2014) Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/
gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/
finance/economics/10896599/Mansion-House-
attachment_data/file/423616/foodpocketbook-
George-Osbornes-speech-in-full.html
2014report-23apr15.pdf (Accessed: 6 March
(Accessed:
11 February 2016).
2016).
8. Lim, C.J. and Liu, E. (2010) Smartcities and eco-
13. Roberts-Hughes, R. (2011) Furniture-
warriors. New York, NY: Routledge, an imprint of
residential II riba v2. Available at: https://
the Taylor & Francis Group. P.g. 16
www.architecture.com/files/ribaholdings/ policyandinternationalrelations/homewise/
146
147
Appendix 1.1
Typology - Social Ritual Dismantle Diagram
A
Dismantle Photomontage Contraption Diagrams Iteration 1 - Plan Development Iteration 2 - Plan Development Iteration 2 - Technical Development Iteration 2 - Perspective Composition Sketches
148
Who?
Where?
Dress?
149
a
Equipment?
Sound?
Sanderson Jones
Control?
150
7. Speaker 8. On/Off Switch 9. Mechanism Case 10. Back Body 11. Battery 12. Battery Case
1. Clock Hands 2. Front Body 3. Base Feet 4. Mechanism Body 5. Central Cog 6. Microchip
2. 4. 1. 7.
9.
6.
11.
5. 8.
KLOCK KLOCK
3. 10.
12.
ORDER?
KLOCK
SIZE?
[Top: Dismantle Diagram] [Bottom: Alternate Photomontage]
151
a
CRANE-IUM “Distraction Preventer”
........Library
CRANIUM INSTALLED AT EVERY DESK ............
PHONE MOVEMENT ....... 10mins
Kg Kg Kg
Dripping more!!
Kg
PLUG IN ....... Water %£$!
...WEIGHT UP
2 mins... 10 mins... times up !!! .... ..Weights Down....
Happy Studying..
Good bye distraction...
[Other graphics produced over the primer period. Original prints @ A3]
152
b
a
1. 1.
2. 9. 3.
3.
2.
c
4. 4.
c
5.
10.
5. 6.
7.
7. 11.
6. 8.
12.
13. 8.
a
1. Odd internal layout - feels like a squeeze on either side of the benches. 2. Stairs overly wide considering it’s not a feature staircase.
3. Doesn’t feel like a street feels like exterior of building - unconsidered 4. Seminar Room b by public realm seems like a noisy position. 5. Unused space - maximise and grow. 6. Toilets next to lecture theatre - noisy again. 7. Odd corner - don’t just squeeze into site. 8. Kitchen too small.
[Ground Floor Plan Analysis] 153
b
a
a 0o
1.
1.
2.
90o
2.
c
3.
c
4. 5.
3. 4.
5.
6.
6.
7. 7.
a
1. If crane is to be feasible it should be more considered. 2. Large Staircase has even greater impact on this floor. 3. Staff Room is too small 4. Herbarium is far too thin, being constrained by site, why? 5. Gantrys are a nice idea.
b
6. First move changing direction through site / building. 7. Not enough laboratory - should be a bigger feature.
[First Floor Plan Analysis]
154
2.
1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1. Spaces too cramped - be generous with furniture layout. 2. Street needs to double in size. 3. Corridors too thin - re-consider circulation. 4. Classrooms tiny. 5. Assume this space is nothing without some form of inhabitation. 6. Again corridors too thin. 7. Laboratory odd shape - meant to be prominent feature so work on that. 8. Odd layout of library.
[Ground Floor Plan Analysis] 155
2000mm
1.
a
2.
4.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1. Fundamentally no inhabitation so program unreadable. 2. As Before. 3. Is this space under stair core usable? Full Width circulation is disruptive. 4. Uninhabited. 5. Odd throwaway new access. 6. Uninhabited. 7. As before. 8. Confused double access - take control of pedestrian movement. 9. Empty. Generally the structural grid is confusing and needs looking at as representation.
[First Floor Plan Analysis]
156
Portal frame not properly considered / connections and detailing need to be explored. Should be a light feeling with heavy modules not the other way round. Dr. Smith strolls to class, ready to teach his 10:00am lesson... Basic Hydroponics 101.
11800mm
3600m
10500mm
Ceiling Level MNE Services Metal Deck System Concrete Slab (130mm) Air & Vapour Barrier Continuous Insulation
55000mm
Boring
5000mm External Finish Cavity Barrier w. Cavity Tray Cavity (min. 50mm) Rigid Insulation Light Steel Frame Deflection Head I-Beam Concrete Slab (130mm) Metal Deck System
750mm
Bearing capacity of soil unknown - pile foundations until suitable strata is met.
3000mm
-3000mm
-4000mm
750mm
Bare Concrete Finish Concrete Slab (1000mm) Concrete Ring Beam Tanking (Waterproofing) Pile Cap Pile Foundation
[ Technical S
scale - 1
157
The parapet roof takes any sense of module away from the design - consider individual modules seperately detail and supported.
a
Look to chamfer detail inside and outise of building to promote ‘sci-fi’ style element.
mm
Throwaway texture - re-consider Margaret tends to the natural growers..... What fun! 2600mm
Double the width
Tree #58. mutation 2 Bi-directional Growth
Richard extends the hydroponic frame ready for interactive learning. Liz and Erin spend the day exploring the hydroponic forest....
Wow!!
Amazing!
Bill is in charge of building maintenance... A very important job!!
Section c-c]
1:50
Generally speaking - technically fine - although changes to be made and developed. With this representative style - more could be done to tell the narrative and further concepts of the design - not immediately apparent. [Technical Section : Scale 1:50 @ A1
158
[All : Compositional Sketches for : ‘Come Rain or Shine Growth Continues] 159
a
[Top Left : Context Sketch : Unnatural Selection Provides a Reassuring Landscape]
160