Farini Student Housing Complex_Master's Thesis_Berk Ozturk

HOUSING COMPLEX

Scalo Farini, today among the main focuses of Milan, is the set for a Student housing complex. The site was defined as “The Great Void”1, an area characterized by its extension and centrality is the subject of many discussions and proposals, which in recent years has seen concrete advances. Firstly the Programme Agreement (2017) regarding the redevelopment of the seven disused freight yards of Milan, Scalo Farini being the larghest one. Subsequently the competition (2019) won by Oma+Laboratorio Permanente with the Masterplan “Agenti climatici”, currently under development.

The Farini student housing complex is a design proposal that lines up both with the recent Masterplan objectives and the city’s needs. In a area just outside the historical borders of Milan, the project answers to the high demand for student housing and attempts to establish a new neighbourhood where cultural activites emerge along green areas, public spaces.

Prof. Maria Grazia Folli Co-Supervisors: Prof. Guido Zuliani Prof. Grigor Angjeliu

Historical urban developements street plans:

Piano Beruto Piano Pavia-Masera Piano Albertini Layout 50’s

Giovanni Dotelli Prof. Francesco Romano

Farini student housing complex

The complex is organized around a plaza and a courtyard, defined by a podium level, on top of which a 8 residential building blocks rise. The orientation of the building is parallel to the bridge crossing the railway tracks, that lands into the public terrace at the center of the complex and continues to the large plaza surrounded on three sides.

The plaza side of the ground floor hosts public facilites, such as restaurant/cafe on the southern side, the single volume on the northern side is dedicated to exhibitions.The podium level, as well as the spaces around the courtyard on the ground floor, serves as a communal space for the students, while the upper levels of the building blocks are for residential use.

Besides the terraces on the podium level and the panoramic rectangular terrace facing the forest park, the buildings offer exterior spaces on the rooftop o the 4 external volumes. On the podium level two spinelike roofs connect the four volumes on each side, stairs for vertical circulation are placed on the exterior, and bridges on the floors connect the buildings two by two.

Supervisor: Prof. Maria Grazia Folli Co-Supervisors: Prof. Guido Zuliani Prof. Grigor Angjeliu Prof. Claudio Mirarchi

Prof. Giovanni Dotelli Prof. Francesco Romano

Residential use Public functions Communal functions

Public terrace from the bridge

Supervisor: Prof. Maria Grazia Folli Co-Supervisors: Prof. Guido Zuliani Prof. Grigor Angjeliu Prof. Claudio Mirarchi

Intended use

Bar/Restauran Exhibition space Student spaces Technical Rooms Total

GFA (Gross floor area) m2 630 1000 2100 330 4060

Student spaces Student housing

Intended use Total

GFA (Gross floor area) m2 1670 170 1840

GFA (Gross floor area) m2 1890 1890 Student housing

Intended use Total

200 100

GFA (Gross floor area) m2 1180 1180 Student housing 0 100 50 200 1:2000

100 50

400

1:2000 0

200

100 GROUND FLOOR PLAN - FRONT ELEVATION

50 25

1:1000 0

25 12.5

1:4000 1:500 1:200 1:100 0

50 0

10 5

20 0

5 2.5

10 0

1:1000 0 50 25 100 0

2.5 1.25

5

0 25 12.5 50 0 14 7 28 0 5 2.5 10 0 2.5 1.25 5 1:50 1:20 0 1 0.5 2

Berk 0 200 100 400 1:4000 1:500 1:250 1:100

1 0.5

1:50 1:20 1:10 0

2 0

0.5 0.25

1 0

0.5

0.25 0.125

Intended

Intended

Intended

Intended

Intended

Intended

Supervisor: Prof. Maria Grazia Folli Co-Supervisors: Prof. Guido Zuliani Prof. Grigor Angjeliu Prof. Claudio Mirarchi

Prof. Giovanni Dotelli Prof. Francesco Romano

1 2 3 4 Reference plan

Floor construction: Laminated parquet flooring 10mm; Radiant flooring: ECOFLOOR G43, 85mm (additive screed 20mm/ Electro-welded mesh/ Preformed insulation ECOFLOOR G 22mm/ Pex-Al-Pextubing 16x2mm/ Expanded polystyrene insulation (EPS) 43mm); Vapour barrier; Lightweight screed 95mm; Protective layer; OSB/3 panel 30mm; Rock wool FLUMROC insulation 200mm/ Wooden beams 100x200mm; OSB/3 panel 30mm; Hung ceiling system with steel hangers (variable heights); Gypsum plasterboard DF panels 2x12.5mm.

Window/Door Secco OS275 stainless steel.

Exterior floor construction: 600x600x25mm non-edged BRICKTILE 2.5 PETRAL panels on height adjustable polypropylene supports; OSB/3 panel 30mm; IPE 400 S275; OSB/3 panel 30mm; facade glazing substructure; RIEDER Concrete skin, Glassfibre reinforced concrete panels 13mm.

Roof construction: 600x600x25mm non-edged BRICKTILE 2.5 PETRAL panels on height adjustable polypropylene supports; Lightweight concrete screed, slope 1% minimum thickness 75mm; Waterproofing membrane; FLUMROC insulation 200mm; Vapour barrier; OSB/3 panel 30mm; Rock wool FLUMROC insulation 200mm/ Wooden beams 100x200mm; OSB/3 panel 30mm; Hung ceiling system with steel hangers (variable heights); Gypsum plasterboard DF panels 2x12.5mm.

Tubular stainlesssteel railing, Ø20mm; Rectangular profile handrail

Blind box 130x130mm with textile blind

Opaque facade: Parklex cladding finishing in natural wood 22mm; Air cavity 30mm; Gypsum plasterboard DF panels 5mm. Waterproofing membrane; Vapour barrier; Rock wool

FLUMROC insulation 180mm/ DOLOMITI xlam spruce wood panel 100mm, 5layers; Gypsum plasterboard DF panels 12.5mm.

Opaque facade cladding RIEDER Concrete skin, Glassfibre reinforced concrete panels 13mm with substructure.

Facade design

The element that unifies the building blocks of the Farini student housing complex is the constant presence of the grid (3,5mx3,5m) in which the steel structure is disguised. The grid is conceived as a three dimensional element protruding from the buildings envelope.

While the grid is cladded with a concrete skin (glassfibre reinforced concrete panels), the infill walls are cladded with laminated wood boards.

The different use of products contributes to underline and exhibit the separation between the load-bearing parts and those of infill.

Knauf plasterboard

-Material:Plasterboard -Indentification: UNI EN-520 DF -Density: 820 kg/m 3

-Thickness: 12.5mm -Class: A2 (EN 13501:1) -Thermal conductivity: 0.200 W/mK

Rieder Concrete skin

-Material:Glassfibre reinforced concrete -Weight: 30 kg/m² -Thickness: 13mm -Texture: salt‘n‘pepper -Color: ferro light, polar white -Substructure: aluminium -Class: A1 (DIN 4102), non-combustible -Thermal conductivity: 2.00 W/mK

Xlam Dolomiti

-Material: spruce wood -Thickness: 100mm (5layers) -Minimum strength class of C24 boards (UNI-338/2009) -Density: 350kg/m³ -Mean density: 420kg/m³ -Thermal conductivity: 0.120 W/mK

Parklex cladding

-NATURCLAD-W F -Composition: supporting core in bachelite, finishing in natural wood -Thickness: 22mm -Texture: birch -Reaction to fire EN 13.501-1 -Density:≥ 1,35 g/cm 3 -Thermal conductivity: 0.266 W/mK

Flumroc insulation

-Material: rock wool -Thickness: min.180mm -Density: 50kg/m³, -Class: A1 (EN 13501-1) -Thermal conductivity: 0.034 W/mK -Water repellent -Non-combustible -Recyclable

Opaque facade

The infill walls, which constitude the facade with wooden cladding, have been tested in order to verify the energy efficiency.

The current standard in the field of energy efficiency is the DM 26/06/15, which indicates the limit values of thermal transmittance depending on the climatic zone. In Milan, belonging to the Zone E, the limit for vertical opaque closures is of 0,26 U (W/m 2 K), and the project’s U value is calculated as 0,15 U.

Although the current legislation does not make any reference to phase shift and attenuation, it is common practice among professionals to have a benchmark of values, although qualitative, as shown in the table below. The calculations report a good (phase shift) medium (attenuation) performance.

T h ic k n e s s ( s ) [m]

T h e r m a l c o n d u c t iv it y ( l) [W/mK] S p e c if ic h e a t ( c ) [J/kgK] D e n s it y ( ρ ) [kg/m3]

T h e r m a l r e s is t a n c eA ir [m2K/W]

T h e r m a l r e s is t a n c e [m2k/w]

Rsi Inner layer 0,130

P e n e t r a t io n d e p t h a t p e r io d T ( d ) [m]

1 Gypsum plasterboard, DF 0,0125 0,200 1000 900 0,063 0,078 Surface mass

2 Xlam panel 0,1000 0,120 1600 420 0,833 0,070 Total thermal resistance

3 Mineral wool insulation 0,1800 0,034 870 50 5,294 0,147 Transmittance

4 Gypsum plasterboard, DF 0,0050 0,200 1000 900 0,025 0,078 Conductivity

5 Air cavity 0,0305 - - - 0,180 - - Thermal capacity

6 Wood cladding 0,022 0,220 1500 1350 0,100 0,055 Time Constant

Rse Outer layer 0,040

T o t a l t h ic k n e s s [ m ] 0 ,

Rsi Inner layer 0,130

1 Gypsum plasterboard, DF 0,0125 0,200 1000 900 0,063 0,078

2 Xlam panel 0,1000 0,120 1600 420 0,833 0,070

Surface mass Ms [kg/m2] 96 Decreasing factor

Total thermal resistance Rt [m2K/W] 6 665 Delay factor of decrease

3 Mineral wool insulation 0,1800 0,034 870 50 5,294 0,147 Transmittance U [W/m2K] 0 150 Periodic thermal transmittance

4 Gypsum plasterboard, DF 0,0050 0,200

Tilt & Turn windows, Secco Sistemi, OS2 75

OS2 75 is part of the system family OS2, studied, conceived and realized by Secco with sections: sight 47 mm, depth 77 mm.

The performance of the thermal break system OS2 have been tested by the best laboratories European certification according to standards reference number EN 14351-1.

Specific typologies, finishing materials were selected due to their aesthetic features aligned with the projects intentions, flexibility of combinations as well as its tecnichal-thermal properties.

Typical floor, Slab composition

Since the vertical components present a combination of steel pillars and Xlam walls, the floor slabs have a similar composition.

On top we find a parquet flooring and beneath it radiant flooring for heating. The space in between the structural grid of primary and secondary steel beams is filled with wooden beams/rock wool insulation between OSB panels.

The celing is composed by two panels of gypsum plasterboard suspended through a two-way metal system.

From top to bottom:

-Parquet flooring

-Radiant flooring: ECOFLOOR G43 (Rossato)

-Additive screed

-Electro-welded mesh

-Pre-formed insulation / PEX-tubing

-Vapour barrier

-Expanded clay screed -Protective sheath

-OSB panel

-Rock wool insulation / Wooden beams

-OSB panel

-Ceiling system

-Gypsum plasterboard panels

VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL BUILDING COMPONENTS

Certified maximum performance

air permeability water seal

Resistance to wind load acoustic performance Resistance to forced entry Thermal trasmittance

EN 12207 EN 12208 EN 12210 EN 717-1 PAS 24:2016 EN 12567-1 U value 1.04 W/m 2 K < 1.40 W/m 2 K (Zone E)

4 8A C4 46dB PAS 24 1.04 W/m 2 K

Supervisor: Prof. Maria Grazia Folli Co-Supervisors: Prof. Guido Zuliani Prof. Grigor Angjeliu Prof. Claudio Mirarchi

d T ( d ) [m]

Rsi Inner layer 0,040

1 Gypsum plasterboard, DF 0,0125 0,200 1000 900 0,063 0,078 Surface mass 179 Decreasing factor

2 Gypsum plasterboard, DF 0,0125 0,120 1000 900 0,063 0,078 Total thermal resistance [m2K/W] 13, 47 Delay factor of

3 Air 0,1150 - - - 0,160 0,160 - Transmittance [W/m2K] 0 074 Periodic thermal

4 OSB PANEL 0,0300 0,200 1000 600 0,231 0,077 Conductivity [W/m2K] 0 075 Thermal admittance

5 Mineral wool insulation 0,2000 0,220 870 50 5,882 0,147 Thermal capacity per unit area [kJ/m2K] 167 Thermal admittance

6 OSB PANEL 0,0300 0,220 1000 600 0,231 0,077 Time Constant 625 Thermal capacity

7 Mineral wool insulation 0,2000 0,034 870 50 5,882 0,147 Thermal capacity

8 Lightweight screed 0,0750 0,200 1000 600 0,560 0,078

T h e r m a l r e s is t a n c e [m2k/w]

P e n e t r a t io n d e p t h a t p e r io d T ( d ) [m] 0,040

R o o f : S t a b ilis e d p e r io d ic s t a t e T 2 4 h o u r s O p a q u e f a c a d e : S u m m e r e n e r g y p e r f o r m a n c e h ic k n e s s ( s ) [m] T h e r m a l c o n d u c t iv it y ( ) [W/mK] S p e c if ic h e a t ( c ) [J/kgK] D e n s it y ( ρ ) [kg/m3] T h e r m a l r e s is t a n c eA ir [m2K/W]

a t e T 2 4 h o u r s

0,0125 0,200 1000 900 0,063 0,078

[h] 1 9 6 3 1 2 > S > 1 0 0,15 < Fd < 0,30 g o o d [W/m2K] 0 074 Periodic thermal transmittance |Yie| [W/m2K] 0 0 0 4 10 > S > 8 0 3 0 < F d < 0 4 0 m e d iu m [W/m2K] 0 075 Thermal admittance inner side Yii [W/m2K] , [h] 2 , 1 2 8 > S > 6 0,40 < Fd < 0,60 sufficient [kJ/m2K] 167 Thermal admittance outher side Yee [W/m2K] , [h] 3 , 8 9 6 > S 0,60 < Fd mediocre

625 Thermal capacity inner side k1 [kJ/m2K] 2 9 1 Thermal capacity outher side k2 [kJ/m2K] 5 3 , 5 P e r f o r m a n c e q u a lit y I I I I I I IV V

T o t

Surface mass Ms [kg/m2] 179 Decreasing factor (attenuation) fd [-] 0 , 0 4 9 0,0125 0,120 1000 900 0,063 0,078 Total thermal resistance Rt [m2K/W] 13 47 Delay factor of decrease (phase shift) φ [h] 1 9 6 3 0,1150 - - - 0,160 0,160 - Transmittance U [W/m2K] 0 074 Periodic thermal transmittance |Yie| [W/m2K] 0 0 0 4 0,0300 0,200 1000 600 0,231 0,077 Conductivity C [W/m2K] 0 075 Thermal admittance inner side Yii [W/m2K] , [h] 2 1 2 0,2000 0,220 870 50 5,882 0,147 Thermal capacity per unit area Cta [kJ/m2K] 167 Thermal admittance outher side Yee [W/m2K] , [h] 3 , 8 9 0,0300 0,220 1000 600 0,231 0,077 Time Constant t [h] 625 Thermal capacity inner side k1 [kJ/m2K] 2 9 1 0,2000 0,034 870 50 5,882 0,147 Thermal capacity outher side k2 [kJ/m2K] 5 3 , 5 0,0750 0,200 1000 600 0,560 0,078 0,1000 - - - 0,160 0,1600,0250 0,250 840 2200 0,100 0,061 0,100 0 , 8 0 1 3 , 4 7 1 U 0 , 0 7 4 parametri

T h ic k n e s s ( s ) [m]

T h e r m a l c o n d u c t iv it y ( l) [W/mK]

S p e c if c h e a t ( c ) [J/kgK]

D e n s it y ( ρ ) [kg/m3]

T h e r m a l r e s is t a n c eA ir [m2K/W]

T h e r m a r e s is t a n c e [m2k/w]

Rsi Inner layer 0,100

P e n e t r a t o n d e p t h a t p e r io d T ( d ) [m]

1 Gypsum plasterboard, DF 0,0125 0,200 1000 900 0,063 0,078 Surface mass 213 Decreasing factor

2 Gypsum plasterboard, DF 0,0125 0,200 1000 900 0,063 0,078

Total thermal resistance [m2K/W] 9 14 Delay factor of

3 Air 0,1750 - - - 0,160 0,160 - Transmittance [W/m2K] 0, 109 Periodic thermal

4 OSB PANEL 0,0300 0,130 1000 600 0,231 0,077 Conductivity [W/m2K] 0, 112 Thermal admittance

5 Mineral wool insulation 0,2000 0,034 870 50 5,882 0,147 Thermal capacity per unit area [kJ/m2K] 219 Thermal admittance

6 OSB PANEL 0,0300 0,130 1000 600 0,231 0,077 Time Constant 557 Thermal capacity

7 Lightweight screed 0,0950 0,134 1000 600 0,709 0,078 Thermal capacity

8 Radiant flooring 0,0850 0,031 1000 900 1,550 0,031

9 Laminated parquet 0,0100 0,170 1700 1100 0,059 0,050

Rse Outer layer 0,100

T

r o u n d f lo

0 8 > S > 6 0,40 < Fd < 0,60 sufficient [kJ/m2K] 422 Thermal admittance outher side Yee [W/m2K] , [h] 2 , 3 3 6 > S 0,60 < Fd mediocre 1101 Thermal capacity inner side k1 [kJ/m2K] 6 6 Thermal capacity outher side k2 [kJ/m2K] 3 2 P e r f o r m a n c e q u a lit y I I I

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Heating/cooling in the project is generated by water-to-water heat pumps, that extract heat from a flowing source of water at constant temperature and return to another higher temperature water stream. It is distributed through hydronic pipes throughout the buildings and emitted through radiant flooring in each room. The energy required to run the heat pump system is partially provided by photovoltaic panels on the rooftop.

In regards to ventilation, decentralised ventilation system integrated into the window with incoming air, outgoing air and heat recovery was concieved. A controlled system, room-specific air exchange without opening the window and a heat recovery level of up to 80% optimises the amount of energy saved.

In order to control humidity in each ambient, dehumidifier units are placed in the false ceilings.

Structural design

From the structural point of view, the design is concieved as a steel structural framework that is following a regular base grid of 3.5meters. This grid is of 3.5x7 meters in the structural plans, and 3.5x3.5 meters in the elevations of the floors above the ground level. The latter is designed as a 5meter high floor on the Plaza side, 4meters where the Bridge, Ponte delle Arti, arrives and 3.5meters the side facing the Forest park. Above the ground floor level, 8 buildings blocks emerge, 4 of which of 7 floors (including the ground level) and the rest, the center building blocks, of 8 floors. Therefore the total height of the building complex varies between 29.5-26meters. The columns and primary beams are placed generally every 7meters, with exceptions due to the vertical alignments and in proximity of the bridges, while the secondary beams every 3.5meters.

The material chosen for the structural design consists of steel beams and columns of class S275. Four types of sections were selected: The vertical elements on the ground floor, due to a higher load, are of section HEA 400, while the upper floors of HEA300. The horizontal elements are divided in two, primary beams with a cross section of IPE 400, and secondary beams of IPE 360.

From the structural analysis the most stressed structural elements are represented by the beams that form the bridges, these are IPE 400 beams with a span of 14meters that are placed on the 4th and 7th floors, respectivelely connected two residential floors and above connecting the higher building blocks to the rooftop terraces of the adjacent blocks.

Supervisor: Prof. Maria Grazia Folli Co-Supervisors: Prof. Guido Zuliani Prof. Grigor Angjeliu Prof. Claudio Mirarchi

midas Gen POST-PROCESSOR BEAM STRESS COMBINED 1.19874e+05 6.44225e+04 3.66967e+04 -1.87550e+04 -4.64808e+04 -1.01932e+05 -1.29658e+05 -1.85110e+05 CBS: SLCB1 MAX : 1424 MIN : 175 FILE:TEST UNIT:kN/m^2 DATE:02/26/2022 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.545 Z:0.602 midas Gen MOMENT-y 1.23688e+02 9.60187e+01 6.83493e+01 4.06798e+01 0.00000e+00 -1.46591e+01 -4.23285e+01 -6.99980e+01 -9.76674e+01 -1.25337e+02

midas Gen COMBINED 9.21483e+04 6.44225e+04 3.66967e+04 0.00000e+00 -1.87550e+04 -4.64808e+04 -7.42066e+04