D: Demographics of survey respondents by state

Respondent

Mothers of children aged 0-6 years who stayed with them for any time since the COVID-19 pandemic began Fathers of children aged 0-6 years who stayed with them for any time since the COVID-19 pandemic began Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs)

Anganwadi workers

Village Health Nurses (VHNs)

Rationale for inclusion

Home-based caregivers who took care of their young children during the COVID-19 pandemic and could speak to its impacts on the children as well as themselves Home-based caregivers who took care of their young children during the COVID-19 pandemic and could speak to its impacts on the children as well as themselves Frontline workers who routinely provide health and nutrition-related services to young children and their mothers, and who took on additional COVID-related duties during the pandemic Frontline workers who routinely provide health, nutrition, caregiving and learning services to young children and their mothers, and who took on additional COVID-related duties during the pandemic Frontline workers in Tamil Nadu who are regularly staffed frontline worker in many parts of the state, playing a role similar to both ASHAs and auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) in other states

Table: State wise split of Primary caregiver survey respondents by income category

State

know/ Antyodaya BPL APL ration card Others Total

Andhra Pradesh 3% 1% 86% 6% 3% 1% 100% Assam 0% 4% 39% 25% 32% 0% 100% Bihar 2% 3% 46% 14% 35% 0% 100% Haryana 4% 3% 50% 27% 16% 0% 100% Madhya Pradesh 4% 1% 67% 16% 12% 0% 100% Maharashtra 1% 2% 30% 59% 7% 1% 100% Odisha 5% 3% 61% 21% 11% 0% 100% Punjab 1% 0% 48% 4% 46% 0% 100% Rajasthan 3% 1% 17% 68% 12% 0% 100% Tamil Nadu 2% 2% 70% 22% 4% 0% 100% Uttar Pradesh 6% 13% 39% 23% 15% 4% 100%

Table: State wise split of Primary caregiver survey respondents by social category

State Don't know/ Can't say Scheduled Tribe Scheduled Caste Other Backwards Classes General Total

Andhra Pradesh 0% 8% 10% 28% 54% 100% Assam 1% 12% 6% 53% 29% 100% Bihar 0% 2% 26% 60% 12% 100% Haryana 2% 9% 25% 23% 41% 100% Madhya Pradesh 2% 16% 20% 37% 25% 100% Maharashtra 1% 10% 35% 29% 25% 100% Odisha 0% 11% 22% 24% 42% 100% Punjab 2% 5% 35% 10% 48% 100% Rajasthan 3% 17% 25% 22% 33% 100% Tamil Nadu 2% 17% 29% 28% 24% 100% Uttar Pradesh 16% 5% 18% 44% 17% 100%

Table: State wise split of Primary caregiver survey respondents by education level (in number of years)

State Not mentioned < = 2 years 3-8 years 9-11 years > 11 years Total

Andhra Pradesh 14% 14% 15% 31% 25% 100% Assam 0% 3% 16% 35% 46% 100% Bihar 0% 18% 20% 25% 37% 100% Haryana 0% 6% 28% 24% 43% 100% Madhya Pradesh 2% 5% 25% 30% 38% 100% Maharashtra 0% 2% 10% 29% 59% 100% Odisha 0% 4% 26% 45% 24% 100% Punjab 2% 6% 21% 26% 45% 100% Rajasthan 10% 5% 24% 23% 39% 100% Tamil Nadu 0% 0% 10% 28% 62% 100% Uttar Pradesh 0% 12% 28% 23% 37% 100%

Table: State wise split of Anganwadi workers by age

State Not mentioned Over 55 Between 51-55 Between 46-50 Between 41-45 Between 35-40 Under 35 Total

Andhra Pradesh 0% 4% 8% 20% 19% 29% 20% 100% Assam 0% 5% 15% 15% 25% 22% 18% 100%

Bihar 0% 2% 5% 20% 20% 25% 27% 100% Haryana 0% 11% 18% 25% 23% 11% 11% 100% Madhya Pradesh 3% 3% 4% 23% 16% 28% 22% 100% Maharashtra 0% 17% 16% 18% 14% 25% 10% 100% Odisha 0% 6% 9% 21% 13% 27% 23% 100% Punjab 0% 6% 14% 28% 30% 16% 7% 100% Rajasthan 2% 3% 8% 9% 18% 34% 27% 100% Tamil Nadu 1% 12% 8% 8% 17% 37% 17% 100% Uttar Pradesh 0% 7% 9% 17% 21% 40% 6% 100%

Table: State wise split of ASHA/ VHNs by age

State Not mentioned Over 55 Between 51-55 Between 46-50 Between 41-45 Between 35-40 Under 35 Total

Andhra Pradesh 0% 2% 2% 9% 24% 28% 35% 100% Assam 0% 1% 10% 17% 29% 26% 17% 100% Bihar 0% 2% 1% 13% 21% 37% 27% 100% Haryana 0% 0% 1% 15% 12% 30% 42% 100% Madhya Pradesh 4% 0% 0% 2% 11% 33% 50% 100% Maharashtra 0% 1% 4% 5% 19% 41% 31% 100% Odisha 0% 3% 7% 17% 22% 38% 12% 100% Punjab 0% 0% 3% 11% 38% 35% 13% 100% Rajasthan 6% 1% 2% 6% 6% 39% 38% 100% Tamil Nadu 5% 5% 15% 15% 11% 29% 20% 100% Uttar Pradesh 0% 0% 1% 13% 15% 45% 25% 100%

Table: State wise split of Anganwadi workers by rural/ urban

State Rural Urban Total

Andhra Pradesh 92% 8% 100% Assam 92% 8% 100% Bihar 100% 0% 100% Haryana 100% 0% 100% Madhya Pradesh 95% 5% 100% Maharashtra 80% 20% 100% Odisha 98% 2% 100% Punjab 100% 0% 100% Rajasthan 82% 18% 100%

Tamil Nadu 89% 11% 100% Uttar Pradesh 80% 20% 100%

Table: State wise split of ASHA/ VHNs by rural/ urban

State Rural

Andhra Pradesh 100% Assam Bihar 100% 81%

Haryana

81% Madhya Pradesh 94% Maharashtra 87% Odisha 90%

Punjab 100%

Rajasthan

82% Tamil Nadu 89% Uttar Pradesh 98%

Urban Total

0% 0% 19% 19% 6% 13% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

10% 0% 18% 11% 2% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Table: State wise split of Anganwadi workers by education level (in number of years)

State Not mentioned < 10 years 10 years 11-12 years > 12 years Total

Andhra Pradesh 15% 3% 39% 14% 29% 100% Assam 0% 3% 32% 33% 32% 100% Bihar 0% 1% 31% 41% 28% 100% Haryana 0% 1% 49% 23% 27% 100% Madhya Pradesh 3% 16% 17% 51% 13% 100% Maharashtra 0% 14% 31% 28% 27% 100% Odisha 1% 13% 45% 13% 28% 100% Punjab 0% 1% 13% 85% 1% 100% Rajasthan 2% 29% 32% 26% 12% 100% Tamil Nadu 1% 11% 42% 43% 4% 100% Uttar Pradesh 0% 0% 22% 32% 46% 100%

Table: State wise split of ASHAs/ VHNs by education level (in number of years)

State Not mentioned < 10 years 10 years 11-12 years > 12 years Total

Andhra Pradesh 0% 20% 61% 19% 0% 100% Assam 0% 51% 17% 10% 22% 100%