YUHAN YAO'S PORTFOLIO SELECTED WORKS 2016-2019
prologue
contents
Staring at the skyscrapers between the sea and the land, I could not help marvelling at the diversification and complicacy of urban texture. The development of human society from small villages to complex metropolises is dependent on the wisdom of generations of people. As an urban designer and planner, our guides largely determine the future of cities.
01 Delirious Tokyo
If you ask me, urban design is an interdisciplinary course but refers to more elements such as architecture, landscape, urban planning, civil engineering and municipal engineering. I need not only to focus on land use, strategic spatial planning, master plan or social development, but also to visualize my planning with more aesthetic details. In other words, urban design asks me to view urban issues more from a human perspective and add more subjective concepts. It is said that there will be approximately 3 billion urbanites by 2050. Physical and Psychological stresses of them are rising simultaneously with urban skylines. I hope one day I could devote myself to creating a materially-developed and spiritually-rich society. This is what my portfolio wants to present.
Design of In-between Spaces in Omotesando
02 Rejuvenescent Village Regeneration of Erdao Street Community
03 Symbiotic Industrial Heritage Design of Nansi Industrial Park
04 Other Works Industrial Design/Interior Design
01 Delirious Tokyo Design of In-between Spaces in Omotesando Type: Location: Size: Instructor: Time:
Teamwork with Hailun Gong Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan 13.4 hectares Xinyan Xu, Dan Li 2019 Autumn
Tokyo Metropolis, one of the most populous and prosperous areas in the world, has progressively developed into the political, economic, cultural, and transportation hub of Japan since the Edo period. At the beginning of the 17th century, Edo (the former name of Tokyo) shaped two different types of areas: Shitamachi and Yamanote. Shitamachi , as the downtown for civilian activities, was divided in a typical checkerboard pattern. While Yamanote , as the residential area for aristocrats, was demarcated through the natural features such as ridge road, mountain peak and cliff edge. These two urban textures together influenced the later model of urban development. Nowadays, the urban lands have been highly developed and the population density is over 7500 person/km². Due to the large pupulation density, lack of open space is a growing problem which has a negative impact on people's daily life. Repressed living spaces and complex social contradictions seriously increase people's physical and psychological stress. In this project, I am mainly in charge of data analysis, mapping, building modeling and rendering modification. Firstly, five representative urban textures will be analyzed and the urban diseases of them will be summarized. Specifically, Omotesando is picked out as the site for the open space design since it contains various types of buildings such as high-rise fashion flagship stores, low-rise housings and space-tight schools. It is exciting to provide an open space design in the world-famous 'architectural showcase' streets. On account of the entrenched private land ownership, a new concept of in-between design is proposed to increase public activity spaces, improve social gathering condition and enhance connections between buildings without occupying the land of the inhabitants. We hope this project will provide a feasible thinking when facing those head-scratching urban problems.
MAP ANALYSIS In this map, four wards of Tokyo and one ward of Koyohama are selected as samples for analysis. Among them, fourteen basic information data of each place and the foot passenger distribution of the whole area are demonstrated.
URBAN TYPOLOGY Higashi-Nakano
Nishi-Shinjuku
Ginza
Omotesando
Naka Ward
It is a one-square-kilometer sample of a predominantly residential area with low-rise dwellings.
It is a one-square-kilometer sample of a commercial and administrative center with many skyscrapers.
It is a one-square-kilometer sample of a popular upscale shopping center which gathers well-known stores.
It is a one-square-kilometer sample which contains the foremost 'architectural showcase' streets.
It is a one-square-kilometer sample of an undulating ground which has residential areas and public parks.
15.0
3325
41.8%
40.4%
4.7 33.9%
2457
2379 4.0
1183
3.1
Building Numbers
<12m
Plot Ratio
37~60m
61~100m
Average Layers
>101m
243
15.0
207
35.1
13.7
201
111
239
7.2
9.1
77
8.5
99 10.9
74
6.8
Height Difference
209
Average Height
125
Block Numbers
1.4
1.5
8.0
Street Numbers
134 96
117
1.7
1.2 15.9
178
72
76
2.1
5.4
Height Difference/Average Height
94
101
103
23.6
108
Maximum Height
2.6 0.7
Building coverage
13~36m
27.7%
1.68
748
1.1
Building Height
8.2
3.3
31.3%
9.5
13.4
Block Numbers/Street Numbers
18.3
Building Numbers/Block Numbers
PROBLEMS
Lacking Open Space
Inadequate Infrastructure
Indifference
Disconnection
Traffic Jam
Insanitary
Noisy
Insufficient insolation
Lacking Open Space
Unsafe
Chaotic
Traffic Jam
Noisy
Lacking Open Space
Chaotic
Noisy
Insanitary
Depression
Inadequate Infrastructure
Unsafe
Insanitary
ISOMETRIC VIEW BACKGROUND
ASSEMBLIES TYPOLOGY
TYPOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
SPACE IN BETWEEN MATRIX DEVELOPMENT
NODES DEMONSTRATION
Space Characters
AXONOMETRICAL VIEW
The outcome of the project leads to a urban image that various types of intervention are inserted in different scale of in between public space along shibuya street. These in between space suggest the idea of redefining open space in density urban context and how existing environment can be connected to generate new possibilities.
02 Rejuvenescent Village Regeneration of Erdao Street Community Type: Location: Size: Instructor: Time:
Individual work Qingkou Town, Ganyu, China 8.9 hectares Xiaoyu Wei 2019 Summer
Erdao Street Community, located in the old business core of Ganyu, is a big urban village which has existed for over 150 years. The community is on the border between Shandong Province and Jiangsu Province, therefore the architectural form is the combination of Qilu Culture and Lixiahe Culture. In the site, 1-storey houses and 2-storey houses occupy the main position and multi-storey business-living buildings are distributed along the Huazhong Road. Due to its vital position in the north-south trade route, Erdao Street Community was populous and prosperous in the ancient time. However, as the transportation mode has changed and traffic nodes have been moved to the south, Erdao Street Community is dying gradually. It is no longer brilliant and facing the deterioration of living environment. Lacking good-quality housings, lacking activity spaces, inadequate infrastructure, population loss, cultural dislocation and insanitation are the main contradiction that troubles the residents. Therefore, more and more young people are determined to leave their hometown and the vicious circle is getting worse. This project aims to improve the quality of local life and make this site great again by house regeneration and public space creation. To meet the housing needs of local people and nonlocal tenants, a type of affordable housing is adopted. Through several types of apartment combinations, much more open spaces are created for parking and entertainment. In addition, the banks of Qingkou River are turned into ecological parks for people to spend their leisure time. It is hoped that Erdao Street Community will serve as a model for the regeneration of surrounding communities in the old town.
MAP ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS
Road Hierarchy Paifang Street is the only driveway in Erdao Street which connects Huazhong Road and Xiguan Road.
Public Traffic System There are three bus routes and five bus stops in Erdao Street. The transport mode is relatively simple.
Land Use Land use is quite mixed in the area. Factories usually adjoin with residential areas.
In this map, the housing prices of the communities and the important public nodes around Erdao Street are demonstrated. According to the data, the distances between Erdao Street and nearby public service places are almost about one kilometer. However, the life quality of the surrounding communities is relatively poor and the housing prices are lower than eastern regions. The main causes of this situation are that the municipal government has moved east and the development of Qinshan Island (outside the south coast of Ganyu) has attracted huge investments.
Building Condition Constructions types are mainly brick houses and cement buildings. The quality of them is not satisfactory.
Vehicular Accessibility Erdao Street is located near the downtown and relatively close to surrounding public service spaces.
Rainwater Drainage Rainwater, domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are discharged into Qingtou River. Because Erdao Street is a low-lying land, waterlogging is serious.
Building Storeys There are mainly one-storey houses and the highest building is no more than eight storeys.
Open Space The area of public spaces is quite insufficient, as well as that of parking areas.
INTERVIEW WITH LOCAL RESIDENTS Urban villages have the characteristics of high density, complexity and compatibility, which provide different groups of people with vigorous living environment. However, they will inevitably face the challengers of imbalance between supply and demand and insulation from surroundings.
Name
Rong Ji
Age
16
Family Role
Son
Social Role
Juvenile
Education
Middle School
Occupation
Student
Annual Salary
N/A
Marriage
Single
"I think the open spaces here are quite inadequate. Roads are narrow for walking, let alone for playground. School facilities are also insufficient when comparing with schools within surrounding neighborhoods."
Name
Beibei Liu
Name
Jianye Zhou
Age
24
Age
53
Name
Xiujuan Zhang
Family Role
Daughter
Family Role
Father
Age
66
Social Role
Employee
Name
Wenyuan Fei
Social Role
Civil Servant
Family Role
Grandma
Education
Middle School
Age
44
Education
Master
Social Role
Retired
Occupation
Textile Worker
Family Role
Father
Occupation
Section Chief
Education
Primary School
Annual Salary
￥28,000
Social Role
Employer
Annual Salary
￥150,000
Occupation
Handicraftsman
Marriage
Single
Education
High School
Marriage
Married
Annual Salary
￥12,000
Occupation
Businessman
Married
Annual Salary
￥500,000
Marriage
Married
"I have lived here for more than 50 years, and I can still remember the community life when I was a child. However, since the demolition of historical buildings, loss of population and the changes of lifestyle, Erdao Street is facing the risk of cultural discontinuity."
Marriage
"Traffic system is simple , I have to get up early to catch the bus. Work environment here is really bad.Sanitation, noise, emmissions and wastes really bother me. In addition, the recreation facilities are few."
"Business models here are quite similar and simple. Compared with surrounding commercial areas, they have no advantages s inc e c omme rc ial ac tivitie s are dominated by small-scale private stores."
Name
Yi Chen
Age
30
Family Role
Mother
Social Role
Housewife
Education
Middle School
Occupation
Full-time Mom
Annual Salary
N/A
Marriage
Married
"There are few shopping malls h e re a n d w e h a v e t o d r i v e somewhere else. But it's really inconvenient to park here. Also, the narrow streets are crowded with various kinds of people, which is dangerous for children.
" L i v i n g q u a l i t y h e re i s n o t s a t i s f a c t o r y. M a n y h o u s e s a re d i l a p i d a te d a n d i l l e g a l constructions compress the open spaces. When it rains, many spaces become puddles. Besides, lack of medical facility is annoying."
STRATEGY LAYER
PERSPECTIVES ore
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ia erc
mm
Co
Increase Public Buildings
es
od
N lic
b
Pu
- Increase commercial and entertainment buildings in the center of the community. - Increase public services such as a cultural archive, a library, a kindergarten, a local health station and sports facilities at important nodes of the community. - Preserve historic buildings and transform part of them into a cultural museum.
gs
sin
u Ho
Improve Housing Conditions - Demolish dilapidated housings and build affordable housing apartments in the places. - Through the arrangement of housing apartments, more courtyards are created. - Some good-quality housings are remained and refurbished.
Connect Internal Roads - Widen and connect roads inside the community. - Create a new main road which connects the waterfront to the inner residential area.
N
ad Ro
ork etw
N
Center Square Perspective ark tP
n rfro
te Wa
Op
s
ce pa
S en
Expand Public Spaces - Increase green spaces and parking areas. - Create six green axes which connect the community to the waterfront park - Create a waterfront park for residents' entertainment.
It is the core area of Erdao Street Community which contains four commercial and public entertainment buildings. People can walk along the pedestrian overpass.
en Gre
es Ax
Courtyard Perspective Different forms of affordable apartment blocks are built for local residents. Courtyards in the blocks will be used for recreation, parking and rainwater storage.
HOUSE PROTOTYPE ANALYSIS
DATA ANALYSIS 1 people 8%
Good 11%
According to the interview, the principal contradiction is the housing issue. To meet people's requirement for better living spaces, a prototype of affordable housing is devised. Through the data analysis, a 70-square-meter house type is adopted. The housing apartment is a six-story building. On this basis, three basic forms of cluster are generated and then, four forms of courtyard are created. Through this strategy, people will get more housings as well as more open spaces.
>51m² 18%
>5 people 24%
R House 71% O House 71%
Average 70%
Poor 19%
Housing Quality
THREE BASIC FORM
2-3 people 68%
Household Size
31m²-50m² 49%
Owner-occupied House/Rental House
Housing Area
COUNTRY YARD FORM
BASIC PROTOTYPE
"I" Format First Floor 8-12 PPL
Country Yard 1# First Floor
Country Yard 1# Standard Floor
44-64 PPL
44-64 PPL
Country Yard 2# First Floor
Country Yard 2# Standard Floor
48-68 PPL
48-68 PPL
5-7 People 3 Generation 120sqm
Common Balcony
First Floor Plan 1:200
"L" Format First Floor 14-21 PPL
2-3 People, Two Generation 70sqm * 2
"U" Format First Floor 24-34 PPL
"I" Format Standard Floor
Country Yard 3# First Floor
Country Yard 3# Standard Floor
46-66 PPL
46-66 PPL
Country Yard 4# First Floor
Country Yard 4# Standard Floor
60-86 PPL
60-86 PPL
8-12 PPL
1 People 1 Generation 50sqm
Private Balcony
Standard Floor Plan 1:200 2-3 People, Two Generation, 70sqm * 2
"L" Format Standard Floor "U" Format Standard Floor 14-21 PPL
24-34 PPL
<30m² 33%
MASTER PLAN
WATERFRONT TYPOLOGY Type 1
There is a kindergarten here to meet the requirement of residents for child education.
On both sides of the road, the green slope is not only for people to rest but also for waterlogging prevention.
A public sports field is created for local residents to exercise and organize some public competitions.
The original historic buildings b e c o m e t h e E rd a o St re e t cultural center to reserve and spread local history.
There is a local library built for residents to learn knowledge and enrich extracurricular life.
Four commercial and public entertainment buildings are located in the core area of E rd a o St re e t C o m m u n i t y, connected by a pedestrian A overpass. 1
Different forms of affordable apartment blocks are built to provide residents with better living spaces. In addition, the open spaces will be used for recreation, parking and rainwater storage.
It is the main street in Erdao St r e e t C o m m u n i t y w h i c h contains various stores, especially some traditional food, crafts stores and public social space.
Type 2 The big steps in front of the landscape wharf provide people with leisure and communication spaces.
A local health station will provide residents with urgent help.
The waterfront area on both sides of the river is converted into a green park for people to wander and exercise.
Six green axes are created to connect apartments to the waterfront park.
Type 3
B2
The waterfront service center will offer catering, retailing and sightseeing services.
A
B2
2
WATERFRONT FACADE
A1
WATERFRONT SECTION
A2
B1
B2
03 Symbiotic Industrial Heritage Design of Nansi Industrial Park Type: Location: Size: Instructor: Time:
Individual work Jiading District, Shanghai, China 36.6 hectares Xinyan Xu 2019 Autumn
Soochow Creek, also known as Wusong River, is the mother river of Shanghai which passes through the city center. Due to Shanghai's role as trade port, from the 1930s Soochow Creek was a significant shipping route, facilitating the transport of goods into the interior of China. The project site 'Nansi', which contained a multitude of warehouses and factories, is located by the creek. In the past, Nansi was a vital transportation point, as well as a large industrial area. With the process of urbanization, local industries withdrew from the area, leaving the warehouses and factories abandoned. Deteriorating environment and remaining industrial refuse seriously influence local development. To reactivate the site vigor while preserving the historical memory, a symbiotic pattern is suggested to be applied to the regeneration of the Nansi Industrial Park. In the park, various community service functions such as a public activity center, a commercial area, a shared community, an educational institution, offices, museums and parks are newly increased to meet the requirements of local residents, tourists and commuters. Simultaneously, some precious factory and dock heritages are remained and revitalized so that they can continue to witness the rise of this land. The design concept shows the transition from ordered arrangement to organic layout, from inanimate factories to energetic parks and from boring work to enjoyable life. It is hoped that this project can improve people's life quality in the surrounding community and become a model for the construction of the Round-the-city Greenbelt in Shanghai.
When the sun is shining, the hope of live could grow out of the cold cracks.
MAP ANALYSIS In this map, the traffic condition, the built-up communities and the public infrastructures of surrounding areas are illustrated. According to the research, the site location and the traffic access are convenient. However, the amount of educational institutions, medical facilities, entertainment venues and commercial areas are small.
BACKGROUND
SITE ANALYSIS
Soochow Creek is the origin of Shanghai's initial formation and development, which gave birth to almost half of the ancient Shanghai. As an important shipping route for hundreds of years, it witnessed the vicissitude of Shanghai.
1850
1980 1900
2020
2010
2000 1940
Prosperity!
Road Hierarchy
Traffic Accessibility
Permeability
Land Use
Building Quality
Industrial Heritage
Challenge?
Significant Shipping Port
Urban-rural Integration
Water Contamination
The original cotton textile industry was reorganized and placed in Nansi, therefore it became a vital shipping center.
Due to the surburban development, metal processing, machinery manufacturing and medicine industries occupied Nansi.
Polluted by industries as well as domestic waste water, Soochow Creek locally known as "the smelly river".
1950
1980
2000
Creative Industry Park To welcome the World Expo, some heavily-polluting industries were closed or substituted by creative industries.
Green Belt Ring As Nansi is an important node among Green Belt Ring, the abandoned factories and warehouses are waiting for rebirth.
2010
2019
SURROUNDING AREAS
- advantageous location - convenient transportation access - abundant historical background - burgeoning creative industry park
The surrounding areas are dominated by old residential communities.
As the proportion of the aged is high among the surrounding communities, the average salary is low but the price-to-rental ratio and Engel's coefficient are relatively high.
Annual salary ( ￥)
Total population
House price ( ￥/m²)
Aging population
Price-to-rental ratio
Engel's coefficient
- a vital part of the Round-the-city Greenbelt - close to the new metro station - radiation from the nearby business zones - urban rehabilitation policy
S W O T
- lack of local commercial facilities - insufficient cultural and recreational facilities - roads in disrepair - poor permeability - low quality of the constructions - hazardous chemicals warehouse - noise pollution from Hongqiao Airport - sewage from the concrete plant - inadequate financial support
STRATEGY Demolished Buildings
Increased Buildings
Reformed Buildings
Preserved Buildings
Phase 4: Remove and reserve buildings according to historical value, road division and building quality.
Phase 5: Reform old buildings and add new ones to enrich basic functions and revitalize the site.
Phase 3: Place basic functions into the site to enrich activities and meet local needs.
Phase 6: A pedestrian skyline is added to connect each public space and activate internal environemnt.
Green Belt
Alameda Public Park
Phase 2: Divide roads in the site and connect them with surrounding areas.
Phase 7: Add landscape design to make the site more interesting and ornamental.
Phase 1: Identify the entrances and major roads of the site.
Phase 8: Depict the proposal by organizing all elements together.
MASTER PLAN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Commercial Street Shared Community Office Area Activity Center Cultural Corner Industrial Museum Logistics Storage Gymnasium Sports Field Interactive Park Heritage Park Handicraft Workshop Cafe & Teahouse Tourist Center Observation Deck Dock Square Eco Garden Senior Citizen Center Concrete Industry Museum Youth Educational Base Music park
3
1
7
6
5 4
8 10
9
11
2
13
12 14
15
18
16
17
21
SECTIONAL VIEW
19
20
AXONOMETRIC VIEW
04 Other Works Design of Motor Homes
Design of Hefei Industrial Park
Type: Location:
Type: Location:
Time:
Industrial Design Jiangnan University Design Communication Group, Wuxi, China 2016.09
Time:
Bedroom
Extended Space
The bedroom is loft-style. A television is installed on lower wall. Under the lower bed, there are deck lockers, reserve batteries and survival equipments. People can climb to the second floor through the side ladder. If necessary, the passage can be used as a fifth person bed
This area is the extended space which has a frame structure. The ground is raised by 150 mm. When stretched out, it can be used as a gray space for sightseeing, picnic, fishing and other human-vehicle interactions.
Interior Design Jiangnan University Design Communication Group, Wuxi, China 2017.07
Operating Space It contains functions of cleaning, cooking and washing. The linear arrangement will not take up passage spaces. A smokeless induction cooker, a washstand and a kitchen cabinet, a forty-liter drinking water tank, a refrigerator and an oven are designed integrally. Besides, an integrated range hood, a folded picnic table and a mini washing machine are installed on the wall.
Bathroom
Luggage Compartment
The bathroom is a compact space which has shower and toilet functions. There are two layers in the area. The upper layer is used as a grey water reservoir for bathing and the lower layer is used as a black pool to collect waste water and feces. The toilet is the mini type which has no water tank.
There are three folded ones and they can hold up to four draw-bar boxes and four suitcases.
Multifunctional Countertop A countertop that can be folded and widened. The bay window is used for reading, resting and sightseeing. Simultaneously, the wheel is hidden in the countertop and an automobile air-condition is installed on the top.
Operating Area Activity Area
The vehicle door is set to open outward so that it is convenient for escape. Inside of the door, fencetype clapboards are installed to prevents objects from falling.
fo rc e of ac tiv e di re ct io n
Living Area
Vehicle Door
Th e
The Analysis Diagram of Internal Space Function
Panoramic Window The panoramic bay -window can be used for entertainment, sightseeing and dining. Books, bonsai and other decorations can be put on it as well.
Living Space The living space provides a dining & leisure place for eight people. It contains sofas, a dinning table, a trash bin, a wall-mounted CD player, a tool box and an extinguisher.
Two styles of motor homes were designed: 1. One took the characteristics of a horse and users could stand on the roof for sightseeing as they were riding a horse. 2. The other one took the features of Mount Huang for travelling propaganda.
First Floor Lobby Perspective View
Second Floor Lobby Perspective View