Basic rules of composition

The classic rules of composition can be described as 4 individual principles but therein also lie rules for color as a compositional element. Using contrast, complementary and supplementary colors can all add to the composition.

RULE OF THIRDS This most known compositional rule states that the frame can be divided into 9 equally sized sections. The idea here is to place points of interest in the image in the intersections or along the lines to create a more balanced image or to lead the viewers eyes to certain areas of the image.

GOLDEN TRIANGLE In this rule the frame is divided into triangles with diagonals across the composition. Placing points of interest along the diagonals and in the intersecting lines should create a balanced structure and sense of stability.

LEADING LINES You will find leading lines everywhere in nature and modern society. Naturally occurring leading lines could be walkways, roads, rivers, bridges, boardwalks, doorways, buildings, rocks etc. even rays of sunlight.

Placing these leading lines in the image and applying one of the methods described above will help the viewer focus on a specific point of interest. This could be a gravel road leading up to a house or a river leading up to a famous landmark building and so on.

GOLDEN SECTION Just as with the rule of thirds the frame is also split into 9 sections but here these sections are not equal in size. The middle section of the frame is half the size as the upper and lower sections. The idea is to place the essential subject in the middle “sweet spot” section for a stronger composition.

GOLDEN SPIRAL The golden spiral, also known as the Fibonacci spiral or Golden ratio, is rooted in an ancient formula and is said to have the perfect combination of harmony and balance. The golden ratio is found everywhere in nature. By using the golden spiral as a compositional rule the idea is that you are creating an image that can naturally attract the viewer by creating a strong composition. To do this you are placing the subject of interest on the smallest box of the spiral and placing other prominent areas along the curve.

As you gain more experience in composing your images, these rules become a more natural part of your photography to the point where you stop thinking about them. And as with every rule, they can be broken, and sometimes should be, as not every rule applies to every situation.

The most important thing is that you are having fun taking pictures and don’t overthink each situation. Learn from your experiences.