1.2 history of gurugram

and threats to vulnerable groups. Identifying these changes and their impact on the environment can help us plan for future development and unprecedented growth.

1 . 2 H I S TOR Y OF GUR UGR A M :

Almost two millennia have passed as Gurgaon existed in a village forgettable rusticity, undocumented and overlooked by chroniclersIt seems that there is no record of "history", major events or changes, because it is in the shadow of a dynasty ruling from Delhi. Even the meticulous reporter of the Gurgaon regional newspaper that compiled the journal bulletin, the name Gurgaon is said to be the corruption of Gurugram, meaning the village of the spiritual leader. The traditional record is that Yudhisthira, the elder brother of pandav’s, gave the village to his Guru Dronacharya. In his memory, a tank still exists on the west side of the road leading to therailway station .

It can be assumed that according to the size of the Maurya Dynasty, the area is still under the effective control of the Maurya Dynasty. "After the disintegration of the Mauryan dynasty, the invasion of foreign invaders like Daxia, Greeks, Parthians, Scythians, and Kushanas caused problems within the area." But soon, Yaudheya rose up and overthrew the Kushana government of the area between Satluj and Yamuna. They were first introduced by the powerful ruler of Saka Rudra Damman, then Samudra Guta, then the Huns deposed by Yasudama Vishnu Vadana of Mandasso, and finally Kanao, King Jesovaman of Jay. The The Gurgaon region was also part of the Hasha Empire in the first half of the 7th century and later became part of Gurgara Platy Haras. The Tomaras who laid the foundation for the Battle of Prati Haras and later independence were called Dilika, and the Gurgaon region was ruled by them in 736 AD. It was not until around 1156 AD that Visladeva Chahamana conquered Delhi. In the first Muslim invasion, the residents of the area are likely to experience ups and downs in fate at the hands of the next Muslim invader. In the past two centuries, the residents of the area strongly resisted Muslim rule. The history of the “region” in recorded the invasion of “villages” from the Mewat region, including the Gurgaon region, Mathura (UP) and parts

of it. Some states of the former Alba and Bharatpur (Rajasthan) entered the territory of Delhi and launched punitive expeditions against them. Hasan Khan Khanzada was the leader of Mewat when Babar invaded. When he refused to give in, Babar led an expeditionary team against him. Hasan Khan was assassinated in 1527 and, his son Nahar Khan conquered the

Mughal dynasty, Mewat was incorporated into the Mughal Empire, and a regular governor was later appointed in the region. .

In the Akbar era (AD 1556-1605), the Gurgaon area belonged to Delhi Suba and Agra. It appears again in historical works. In 1685, Aurangzeb had to send a powerful army to the Mewat area under the command of Raja Jai Singh to confront Ikram Khan, who had begun to disrupt the Mughal rule. With the decline of the Mughal Empire after Aurangzeb's death, area

found itself in a quandary between several competing forces.

Under the Maratha rule, most of the county was controlled by Generals De Boigne, Peron, and Borugin. Begum Samru owns the pargana of Jharsa or Badshahpur, and George Thomas was assigned to Firozpur in 1793. George Thomas sacked Gurgaon, but could not keep the title. Apa Khande Rao, the governor of Marathi province in Mewat country west of Delhi, appointed George Thomas and placed a Sepoy battalion under his command. From 1793 to 1797, he worked at Apa Khandrao for 4 years. In 1801, Daulat Rao Sindhia's rise to power in northern India was completely disrupted by British forces under General Lake during the Second Maratha War. Gurgaon County, along with other properties in Sindhia, west of Yamuna, was transferred to the British East India Company by the agreement(Treaty) of Surji Arjungaon signed on December 30, 1803. At the time of the merged in 1803, the district of Gurgaon (excluding paragana of Pali moved to Delhi in 1863) consists of 11 parganas namely Jharsa, Sohna, Nuh, Hathin, Palwal, Hodal, Punahana, Firozpur, Bahora, Rewari and Shahjahanpur . At the time, it was a principle of British ownership, and between this border and foreign territory a buffer zone of semi-dependent states; and the consequence of his influence on politics was that gradually most of the county came under direct British rule. The territory of Pataudi was definitively ceded in 1806 to Faiz Talab, a descendant of Afghan families from Samana (Punjab). The Nawabs continued to rule Pataudi until after independence in ,when the state merged with the district of Gurgaon.

By 1857 life in the Gurgaon seemed to have returned to a peaceful and quiet routine. The feudal races had to engage in agriculture, the upper classes amounted to British businesses and services. Gurgaon was attacked on May 13, 1857 by a large group of 3rd Light Cavaliers passing through Delhi. Thus, the complete political vacuum led people to believe that British rule had ceased to exist. On October 2, 1857, Brigadier General Showers was sent to punish Meos, Gujars, Rangharas, Ahirs and "rebel princes" and to colonize the district of Gurgaon. He carried fire and sword everywhere. All the villages between Dharuhera and Taoru were blindly set on fire and their inhabitants were brutally slaughtered. An account of his

experiences in Gurgaon district by Brigadier General Showers is worth noting: “Since, when I entered Gurgaon district, I have been in the land of the enemy”.

After 1857, the British government followed a policy of relentless austerity. No measures have been taken to develop the Gurgaon region, educationally and economically. Although is located in the vicinity of Delhi, the district deliberately kept .Under Minto Morely's reform, enshrined in the Indian Councils Act 1909, district councils and other local bodies of Gurgaon, Rohtak and Hisar districts were established as one constituency to elect a member to the Punjab Legislative Assembly. Policy bypassing the district was changed slightly after World War I, to which residents of the district made generous contributions in money and

men.

During World War I (1914-1918), having done all this, they could hardly be satisfied with what was offered to them according to the Rowlatt Commission's 1918 report. Therefore,

is not uncommon for strikes and other disturbances to become frequent. The non-cooperation movement was in full swing in 1921. The Hartals were seen continuously throughout April in cities in all counties, including Gurgaon. Congress Committee was established in most towns in the district, so the movement was well organized. The provisions of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, XIV of 1908, Part II, are also extended to the district of Gurgaon. All voluntary agencies have been declared illegal. Many 4,444 people were arrested and handed over to the police station. The country was divided and India gained independence on August 15, 1947. One of the most important political changes that took place after independence in

9 was the establishment of Haryana as a separate country on November 1, 1966. Gurgaon

became one of the districts of the New State. (Punjab District Gazetteers: Rawalpindi District with Maps 1907 | INDIAN CULTURE, n.d.)

On September 27, 2016 State government changed Gurgaon’s name to Gurugram in rememberance of Guru Dronacharya by taking approval from central government.(Gurgaon Will Now Be Called Gurugram - The Hindu, n.d.)