“emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,&I” -½Sifa,m[ef 18;5

oDMoavmf*sDqdkif&m ‘y#dnmOf’cH,lcsufu- bk&m;ocif\tcGihfwefcdk;tmPm (tpOftjrJtpjyKí tpDtpOfqGJxm;jcif;)

ESifh vlYbufrSrjzpfrae tpjyKaomaemifwjzifh ,HkMunfjcif;udk aygif;pnf;nDnTwfaponf/ wpfbuf&Sdusrf;csuf taxmuftxm;ay:&yfwnfí wpfbufudk arS;rSdefao;odrfap&ef rjyKtyfyg/ rdrdESpfoufaomcH,lcsuf odkYr[kwf oDMoavmf*sDüom tcdkiftrmZGwf&yfwnfjcif;rdsK; owdjyKoifhygonf/

18;3 NASB- ‘a&mrwyf’ NKJV- ‘ppfol&Jwpfwyf’ NRSV-‘ppfonfawmfwpfwyf’ TEV- ‘a&mrppfonfwpfpk’ NJB- ‘wyf’

a&mrppfwyfzGJYpnf;yHkESifhpyfvsOf;í AdrmefawmfESifhuyfvQuf Antonio cHwyfüpcef;csonhf wyfrwpfpk\ q,fyHkwpfyHk ppfonf-600 ausmftm; &nfnTef;onf( wrefawmf- 21 ; 31 ? 33 )/ þrQrsm;jym;aom tiftm;udk ac:vmjcif;rjzpfEdkifay/ yGJawmf&ufrsm;twGif; a,&k&Svifü t"du&kPf;wpfckckjzpfaomfxdef;odrf;&ef a&mrwdkYu jyifqifxm;jcif;jzpfonf/vdktyfaom BudKwifumuG,fjcif;twGuf uJo&drS wyfzGJYrsm;tm; a&aMumif;jzifh ac:,lxm;[ef&Sdonf/ a,&Itm;ppfar;jcif;ü a&mrrsm;yg0ifvmjcif;rSm ,k'vlwdkYu udk,fawmftm;tqHk;pD&ifvdkaomaMumihfjzpfonf/ þppfar;jcif;twGuf omreftm;jzifh &uftwefMumtcsdef,l&jyD; a&mrtpdk;&\tcGifhESifh yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifrIjzifhom txajrmufEdkifonf/

 “ ,Zfyka&m[dwftBuD;wdkYESifh zg&d&SJwdkYapvTwfaomrif;vkvifwdkY” a&mrNrdKYapmihfwyfESifh wGJbufxm;onhf Adrmefawmf apmihfrsm;jzpfonf/ udk,fawmfzrf;qD;&ef wpfBudrf&IH;edrfhcJhNyD;jzpfonf( 7;32?45)/

 “ vufeuf” a&mrppfom;rsm;u "g;rsm;,laqmifvmNyD; Adrmefawmfapmihfrsm;url – wif;ykwfrsm;udkifaqmifvmMuonf (róJ 26;43 ? rmuk 14;43 ? vkum 22;52 )/

18;4 –

“a,&Ionf udk,fü jzpfvwÅHUorQaom trIt&mwdkYudk odawmfrlvQuf” ocifa,&I\xdk;xGif;odjrifjcif;ESifh zrf;qD;cH &jcif;? ppfar;cH&jcif;ESifh um;wifcH&jcif;tm;vHk;onf udk,fawmf\xdef;csKyfrIatmufüom&SdaeaMumif; txl;jyKxm;onf (10;11?15?17?18)/ a,&Ium;wufowfcH&jcif;onf rawmfwqjzpf&yfr[kwfyg (rmuk 10;45 ?wrefawmf 2;23?3;18 ? 4;28)/ þOD;wnfazmfjycsufrSm &Sifa,m[efc&pf0if\ 0daoojzpfí a*oa&Srmeft&yfü udk,fawmf\ pdwfzdpD;rIudk razmfjy& onhf taMumif;&if;vnf; jzpf[ef&Sdonf/

18;5 – NASB , NJB , NKTV , NRSV- “emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,&I” TEV - “emZ&ufNrdKUrS a,&I” “emZ&uf” toHk;tEIef;ESifhpyfvsOf;í a0g[m&ZpfjrpfESifhywfoufNyD; tajctwifaqG;aEG;rItcsdKU&Sdonf/ jzpfEdkifzG,f&Sdaom tcsufwdkYrSm (1) emZ&ufNrdKUom; (2) emZ&dopöm (awmvnf&m 6 ) odkYr[kwf (3) emZ&ufNrdKUrS – [líjzpfonf/ "r®opf toHk;tEIef; ( róJ 2;23 ) url #3 udk twnfjyKxm;onf/ tcsdKUuvnf; a,jAJAsnf;tu©&m nzr [laom ar&Sd,toHk;tEIef; “ tnGefUtcuf” ( nezer , a[&Sm, 11;1 ? 14;19 ? 60;21 ) ESifhyif qufEG,fem;vnfMuonf/

txl;aqG;aEG;csufacgif;pOf - “emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,&I” ocifa,&Itm; &nfnTef;onhf "r®opfrS jcm;em;aom*&da0g[m&tcsdKUudk awGU&onf/ u/ "r®opftoHk;tEIef;? 1/ emZ&uf – *gvdvJe,frS NrdKU (vkum 1;26?2;4 ?39 ?51?4;16 ?wrefawmf 10;38) acwfNydKifazmfjycsuft&if; tjrpfwdkUü þNrdKUudk rawGU&aomfvnf; aemufydkif;azmfjycsufrsm;rSom awGUvm&onf/ a,&Ionf emZ&ufNrdKUrS jzpfaejcif;u jynhfpHkjcif;rrnfao;ay ( a,m 1;46 )/ ,k'vlwdkY rxDrJhjrifjyKaom þNrdKU trnf\ vu©Pmonf um;wdkif\vu©Pmwpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ 2/ Nazarēnos - a'oEÅ&wnf&Sd&mt&yfudk &nfnTef;[ef&Sdonf ( vkum 4;34 ? 24;19 ) 3/ Nazōraios - NrdKUtrnfudk &nfnTef;[ef&Sdaomfvnf; a[jAJbmomrS ar&Sd, &nfnTef;csuf tnGefUtcufudk azmfjy[efvnf;&Sdonf ( netzer, a[&Sm, 4;2 ?11;1 ?53;2 ?a,&rd 23;5 ?33;15 ?Zmc&d 3;8 ?6;12? Asm'dwf 22;16 )/ &Sifvkumu ocifa,&IESifhpyfqdkifí 18;37 ESifh wrefawmf 2;22? 3;6? 4;10? 6;14? 22;8? 24;5 ? 26;9 ütoHk;jyKxm;onf/ 4/ eHygwf(3) ESifhpyfqdkifí nāzir [laom “wpfpHkwpfOD;\ opömjyKqufuyfjcif;” tjzpf em;vnf&onf/ c/ "r®opfusrf;jyifyrS ordkif;&mZ0iftoHk;tEIef;rsm;? 1/ ,k't,lvGJtkyfpk (c&pf,mefray:rD) \oauFw (tm&mrd – nāsōrayyā ) 2/ c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfaom ,k'todkuft0ef;tm; azmfjy&mü toHk;jyKonf(wrefawmf 24;5? 14? 28;22? nosri ) 3/ qD;&D;,m; (tm&mrd)toif;awmfrsm;rS ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf oHk;aeus oauFwjzpfvmonf/ “c&pf,mef”[laom toHk;tEIef;udkrl *&dtoif;awmfrsm;&Sd ,HkMunfolwdkYtm; &nfnTef;toHk;jyKxm;ygonf/ 4/ a,&k&SvifNrdKUusqHk;NyD;aemuf zg&d&SJrsm; Jannia ü pka0;í w&m;Z&yfESifh toif;awmftMum; uGJjym;ap&efaoG;xdk; vIHYaqmfrIjyKvmygonf/ c&pf,mefqefYusifonhf usdefwG,fonhfyHkpHwpfckrSm Berakoth 28b-29a rS ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; emZ&ufNrdKUom;rsm;[k ac:qdkxm;onf/ “emZ&ufNrdKUom;rsm;ESifh t,lvGJrIrsm; cPtwGif;aysmufuG,foGm;ygap? toufpmapmifrS z,f&Sif;cH&ygap/ opömapmifholt&mü a&;rSwfrcH&ygapESifh” [kazmfjyonf/ 5/ Justin Martyr u Dial. 126:1 ü a[&Sm,\ netzer udk ocifa,&Iu toHk;NyKxm;onf/ */ pma&;ol\ xifjrif,lqcsuf a[jAJbmompum;ü “ a,m&I ” udk yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK; pmvHk;aygif;udk "r®a[mif;ü rMum;zl;aomfvnf; þtoHk;tEIef;ürl pmvHk;aygif;trsdK;rsdK;&SdonfrSm tHhMozG,fjzpfonf/ atmufazmfjyygtcsufrsm;ü wdusaomteuft"dyÜm,fr&yJ &Sdaeonf/ 1/ ar&Sd,&nfnTef;csuf“tnGefYtcuf” (netzer ) ESifh eD;pyfaom qufEG,fcsuf odkYr[kwf tvm;wla0g[m& nāzir ( qufuyfopöm"dXgefjyKjcif; ) 2/ *gvdvJe,f\ tysufoabmaqmifonfh teuft"dyÜm,f 3/ *gvdvJe,frS emZ&ufNrdKU\ acwfjydKifazmfjycsuf rSwfwrf;rSwf&m tenf;tusOf;rsm;tjyifr&Sdjcif; 4/ tem*gwdÅteuft"dyÜm,f&Sdaomtcsufum; ewfqdk;pGJolEIwfrSxGufjcif; ( uREfkyfwdkYudkn§if;qJjcif;iSm<uvm awmfrloavm ) Colin Brown \ New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology,Vol.2 , p.346 or Raymond E.Brown , Birth, pp.209-213, 223-225.

 “igonfxdkoljzpf\” “igonf” [laom a[jAJBud,m ( txl;aqG;aEG;csuf 6;20 udk&I ) onf bk&m;ocif\ y#dnmOfemrawmf YHWH ESifh ,k'vlwdkYqufpyfrdygrnf (xGufajrmuf&m 3;14 ESifh a[&Sm, 41;4 )/ ocifa,&I taejzifh rdrdonfbk&m;jzpfaMumif; twnfjyKcsuftvm;wlcdkifrmonfh o'´gtoHk; ( ego eimi ) udk 4;26? 8;24? 28? 50 ESifh 13;19 wdkYwGif awGU&onf/ txl;jyKonhftaejzifh oHk;BudrfoHk;EIef;onfudkvnf;awGU&onf( 6 ? 8 ) þo'´gwnfaqmufyHkESifh a,&I\ “igonf” azmfjycsufESifh jcm;em;rI&Sdonf/

 udk,fawmfudktyfESHaom ,k'&Smum&kwfonfvnf; xdkolwdkYESifhtwl&yfae\” þusrf;a&;ol &Sifa,m[ef\ rsufjrif oufaojzpfjcif;udk azmfjyonhf aemufxyfrSwfcsufwpfckjzpfonf/

18;6 “xdkolwdkYonf aemufodkYvSefí ajray:üvJMu\” &Sifa,m[efu ocifa,&I\wefcdk;BuD;aom0daooESifh wnf&SdrI udk txl;NyKí rSwfwrf;wifonf/ tav;tjrwfjyKí vSJcsonfrsdK;r[kwfyJ aMumuf&GHUíom vJusMujcif;jzpfonf/

18;7 “wzefar;awmfrlvQif”udk,fawmfu xkdolwdkUtm; wynfhawmfwdkYudktm&HkrjyKrdyJrdrdbufodkUtm&HkvGJjcif;jzpfwefonf/ tcPf;i,f 8 rS tquftpyft& þodkYjhzpfzG,f&Sdonf/

18;8 “vQif” FIRST CLASS CONDITIONAL SENTENCE jzpfí udk,fawmftm; 4if;wdkU &SmMuonf/

 “þolwdkUonf oGm;ygavap” AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ Zmc&d 13;7 rS ya&mzufjyKí jynfhpHk jcif;jzpfonf( róJ 26;31 ? a,m 16;32 )/

18;9 “txufpum;awmfudk jynhfpHkapjcif;iSg” 16;32 udk &nfnTef;[ef&Sdaomfvnf; 17;12 udk udk;um;xm;onf/

18;10 “&Sdrkefayw&konf rdrdüygaom "g;udkqGJxkwfjyD;vQif ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\ uRefwpfa,mufudk ckwfojzifh vusfm em;&Guf jywfav\”ayw&ktaejzifh em;&Gufudkr[kwfyJ acgif;udkcsdef&G,fjcif;jzpfonf/ ocifhudk,fpm;vdkvdkvm;vm; taocH&JaMumif; awGY&onf/ vkum 22 ; 36-38 rS udk,fawmhfpum;udk t"dyÜg,faumufvGJ[efvnf;&Sdonf/ vkum22;51 t& xdkol\em;&Gufudk udk,fawmfukoaysmufuif;aponfudk awGU&onf/

 “xdkuRef\trnfum; rmvck jzpfownf;” þa,m[ef\rSwfcsufüom xdkol\trnfudk azmfjyonf/ usrf;a&;ol udk,fwdkifu O,smOfxJü twl&SdaeaomaMumihf rsufjrifoufaojzpfjcif;udk azmfjyonf/

18;10 “cGuf” "r®a[mif;ü wpfpHkwpfOD;\ tysufoabm&Iaxmifh vrf;qHk;udk wifpm;azmfjy&mü toHk;tEIef;jzpfonf (qmvH 11;6? 60;3? 75;8? a[&Sm, 51;17? 22? a,&rd 25;15? 16? 27-28)/

o'´gzGJUpnf;yHkt& axmufcHrSefuefaMumif; OD;wnfaponfh ar;cGef;rsdK;jzpfonf/ tvkyfoifhqHk;wpfckudk vkyfvdkufouJhodkY aemufxyf ayw&k\ vkyfaqmifcsufjzpfonf ( róJ 16;22? a,m 13;8 )

þae&mü toHk;jyKaom “cGuf”toHk;tEIef;ESifh tjcm;c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;rSm a*oa&Srmeft&yfü udk,fawmf\pdwfcHpm; rItwGuf toHk;jyKonhf “cGuf”ESifhuGmjcm;rI&Sdonf/ocifa,&Itaejzifh wnfjidrfpGmxdef;csKyfxm;EdkifaMumif; a,m[ef u azmfjyonf/ aMumuf&GHUjcif;tvQif;r&SdyJ wnfjidrfpGm&ifqdkifrIudk azmfjyvdkjcif;jzpfonf ( ;4? 13;1? 11 )/

usrf;csuf – 18;12-14

“xdktcg wyfrª;rSpí ppfol&JwdkUESifh ,k'rif;vkvifwdkYonf a,&Iudkzrf;qD;í csKyfaESmifjyD;vQif tE rif;xHodkY a&S;OD;pGm,loGm;Mu\/ terif;um; xdkESpfwGif ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;jzpfaom u,mz\a,mu©rjzpfonf/ xdku,mz um;? vlwpfa,mufonf vlrsm;wdkYtwGufysufpD;aomomí aumif;onf[k ,k'vlwdkYESifh wdkifyifajymqdkaom olaywnf;/

18;12 “wyfrª;rSpí ppfol&JwdkUESifh” a&mrwyfzGJUpnf;yHktac:ta0:rsm;udk ppfonftiftm;ta&twGufay: tajcjyKxm;

onf/

1/ wyfrª; ( vltiftm; 600 ausmf tkyfcsKyfoltwGuf tac:ta0:jzpfonf) (;3) 2/ ppfolBuD; ( vl 1000 ausmfudk tkyfcsKyfonf) ( chiliarch, wrefawmf 21;31? 22;24? 23;10? 24;7 ) þtac:ta0:rsm;u - a,½Itm;zrf;qD;&efvmonfh tiftm;rnfa&GUrnfrQ&SdaMumif; tvSsif razmfjyay/ ygvufpwkdif;a'ykefrI#2ukd-ppfonftiftm; tenf;i,f OD;aqmifolukd &nfnTef;avonf/  csKyfaESifNyD;vQif/ a,½Itm;tvGef aMumuf½GHUícsKyfaESifjcif;r[kwfyJ-omrefvkyfxHk;vkyf enf;omjzpf [ef&Sdonf (;24 )/ 18;13 "tEéwfrif;xHokdYa&S;OD;pGm,loGm;Mu\" "tEéwfrif;"ESifh "u,mz" rwkdifrD - þtcsufürsm;pGm tajctwifaqG;aEG;rI&Sdonf/ tjcm;c&pf0ifoHk;usrf;u- tEéwf,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;ESifh awGYqHk&aMumif; tvQif; razmfjyay/ tcPf;i,f-24rSm a,m[ef\-atmufajcrSwfpk (footnotes) jzpfyHk&aomfvnf; t?t; c&pf0if usrf;azmfjycsuf rsm;twGuf jynfhpHkrIukd jzpfaponf ( róJ-26;55? rmuk - 14;53 )/ "r®a[mif;umvü- ,pfyka&m[dwft&monf-&moufyefjzpfNyD; tm&kef\rsdK;½dk;rSjzpf onf/ okdYaomfa&mrwkdYu þvkyfxHk;ukdEkdifiHa&;wGif ajymif;í ta&mif;t0,fjyKEkdifaom&mxl; jzpfvmonf/ ,pfyka&m[dwfrif;u rdef;rrsm;|merS ta&mif;t0,fvnfywfrItm;xdef;csKyfxm; onf/ ocifa,½Iu xkdrdom;pkukd trsufxGufí AdrmefawmfoefYpifrIukd jyKavonf/ Flavius Josephus \ azmfjycsuft&- tEéwfonf at'D- 6rS 14 txd ,pfyka&m[dwf rif;jzpfcJhonf/ 4if;tm; qD;&D;,m;bk&if Quirinius u cefYtyfcJhNyD; Valerius Gratus u z,f &Sm;cJhonf[kqkdonf/ 4if;\rsdK;quf( om;ig;a,mufESifh ajr;wpfa,muf) u- qufcHolrsm; jzpfNyD; u,mz ( at'D-18-36) rSmrl 4if;\ aemufücsufjcif; qufcHaom oruf jzpfonf (a,m 18;13) tEéwfrSm aemufuG,frS BudK;ukdifolwpfOD;yifjzpfonf/ xkdolYxH a,&Itm;OD;pGm ac:aqmifaMumif; a,m,efu wifjyonf ( 18;13, 19-22)/ 18;14;-tcPf;i,f-15ESifh18uJhokdYyif a,m[ef\aemufxyfrSwfcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ " u,mz "a,m[efu þoltm;&nfnTef;ae&jcif;rSm - udk,fawmf\taocHrnfh trI t&mtm; rodvkdufyJ ya&m[dwfjyKrdvkdufjcif;ukd azmfjyvkdjcif; jzpfonf (11;50)/ tEéwf\ om;rufjzpfí at'D-18rS-36wkdif;-,pfyka&m[dwf &mxl;ukdqufcHonf/ txl;aqG;aEG;csuf- 11;49 ukd&I/

usrf;csuf-18;15-18-" &SdrkefYayw&kESifh tjcm; aomwynfhawmfwpfa,mufonf-a,&I aemufawmfokdY vkdufMu\/xkdwynfhawmfonf ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\- tod tuRrf;jzpfí a,&IESifhwuG,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\ tdrfOD;xJokdY0ifav\/ ayw&k rlum;tjyifü wHcg;em; rSm&yfae\/ xkdYaMumifh ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;ESifh tuRrf;0if aomwynfhawmfonfxGufí wHcg;apmifh rdef;rtm; ajymNyD;rS ayw&kukdoGif;av\/ wHcgapmifhrdef;ru ayw&ktm; oifonf xkdol\ wynfhwkdYt0ifjzpfonf r[kwfavm[kqkdvQif r[kwfbl;[k ayw&k jiif;av\/ xkdumvü csrf;aomaMumifh uRefrsm;ESifh rif;vkvifrsm;wkdYonfrD;cJyHkukd xnfhírD;vHIaeMu\/ ayw&konfvnf; olwkdYESifhwuG&yfí rD;vHIvQufaeav\/

18;15-

"&Sdrkefayw&kESifhtjcm;aomwynfhawmfwpfa,mufwnf;-a,&IaemufawmfokdYvkdufMu\" tjcm;aomwynfhawmfwpfa,mufESifh pyfvsOf;ívnf; rsm;pGm tajctwif aqG;aEG;rI &Sdavonf/ 1/ awG;ac:rItpOftvmwpfckt&- þolonfwynfhawmfa,m[efjzpfrnf/ taMumif; rSm xkdoltm; oHk;eIef;onfh tvm;wlpum;pkukd 20;2? 4 ESifh8 wGif awGY&onf/tjcm;jzpfEkdif zG,f&Sdaom qufpyfrIrSm a,m 19;25 jzpfí- a,m[ef\rdcifrSm rm&D\ nDrjzpfzG,f&Sdí av0dtrsdK;orD;jzpfEkdifaomaMumifh,pfyka&m[dwfrsdK;&kd;jzpfonf (Polycarp \oufaocHcsuf)/ 2/ Edkaum'ifuJhokdY trnfrod a'ocHaemufawmfvkdufwpfOD;? okdYwnf;r[kwf- ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif; rdom;pkESifh tuRrf;0ifaomaMumifh t&dróJNrdKUom; a,moyf jzpfEkdifonf (;15-16)/ "xkdwynfhawmfonf ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\tuRrf;jzpfí" þoduRrf;jcif;a0g[m&ü tvGef cifrif&if;ESD;onfh oaumt&D aqmifonf ( vkum2;44 ESifh 23;49 )/ a,m[efjzpf vQifrlum; 4if;\ ig;zrf;vkyfief;ESifh qufpyfí a,&I&SvifokdY ig;rsm;yHkrSef,l vmay;&jcif; ESifhywfoufygrnf/ 18;17- " wHcg;apmifhrdef;ru ayw&ktm; oifonfxkdol\ wynfhwkdYt0ifjzpfonf r[kwfavm" tcPf;i,f 25 uJhokdY jiif;qkdonfh tajzukd arQmfvifhí ar;aom-o'´gzGJU pnf;rIjzpfonf/ trnfemr toHk;rjyKjcif;u rxDav;pm;jyKonfh oabmjzpfonf/ (1) ayw &ktm;a,m[efESifh qufpyfí okdYr[kwf (2) ayw&k\ *gvdvJ avoHtoHk;tEIef;aMumifh ar;jcif;jzpfwefonf/  " r[kwfbl; " a,&ItwGuf taocH&ef ayw&kjyifqifaumif;jyifqifcJhygrnf/ okdYaomf xkdrdef;rtm; ,Hkavmufaom tajzukday;&ef rjyifqifcJhay/ tjcm;c&pf0ifoHk;usrf;ü þoHk; Budrfjiif;y,fjcif;ukd wpfe&mwnf;üawGY&aomfvnf; &Sifa,m[efürl- a,&Itm; tEéwf\ ppfar;jcif;jzifh Mum;cH xnfhoGif;xm;onf ( ;24)/ 18;18- rsufjrifoufaojzpfol\ tao;pdwfwifjyrIukd xifxif&Sm;&Sm;awGY&onf/ tcPf;i,f- 18ESifh 25 ESpfcsufvHk;ü

Periphrastic Imperfects ESpfckawGY&onf/

usrf;csuf-18;19-24-"xkdtcg ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;onf wynfhawmfwkdYukd4if;? a'oemawmfukd4if; taMumif;jyKí a,&Iukd ar;jref;ppfaMum\/ a,&Iuvnf; ig onf avmuüxif&Sm;pGm a[majymNyD/ ,k'vltaygif;wkdY pnf;a0;&mw&m;t&yfü 4if;? Adrmefawmfü4if;? tpOfrjywf qHk;rMo0g'ay;NyD/ rxif&Sm;yJ tvQif;ra[m rajym? tb,fhaMumifh ighukdar;jref;oenf;? igonf tb,fokdYa[majymonfukd Mum;emaomolwkdYukd ar;jref;avmh/ igajymaompum;ukd xkdolwkdYonf odMu\[k rdefYawmfrl\/ xkdokdYrdefYawmfrlvQifteD;tyg;ü&yfaeaom rif;vkvif wpfa,mufu oifonf ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;ukd þokdYjyefajym&moavm[kqkdvQuf a,&Iukd &kdufav\/ a,&Iuvnf; ighpum;rrSefvQif rrSefaMumif;ukdjyyg/ rSefvQifighukd tb,faMumifh &kdufoenf;[k rdefYawmfrl\/ tEéwfrif;onf ukd,fawmfukd csnf aESmifvQuf &Sdonftwkdif; ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif; u,mzxHokdY ykdYapcJhNyD/"

18;19-

"xkdtcg ,pfyka&m[dwfrif;onf wynfhawmfwkdYukd4if;? a'oemawmfukd4if;? taMumif;jyKí a,&Iukd ar;jref;ppfaMum\/" tEéwfukd &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfí u,mzukd r[kwfavm tmumaemufuG,fü tEéwfu BudK;ukdifí at'D 6 rS 15 xd qufcHcJholjzpfonf/ xkdolaemufü orufjzpfolu vkdufvmNyD; aemufykdif;om;ig;a,mufESifhajr;wpfa,mufukd

qufcHvkdufvm onf/ xkdolonf AdrmefawmftwGif; a&mif;0,fazgufum;rIukd vuf0g;BuD;tkyfí xkdAdrmef awmfukd oefYpifapolukd ar;jref;aejcif;jzpfonf/ tEéwftaejzifh wynfhawmfrsm;omru udk,fawmf\ a'oemukdyg ar;jref;onfrSm tHhMozG,fjzpfonf/ 18;20- vly&dwfowfrsm;pGmtm; xif&Sm;pGma[majymonfrSm trSefyifjzpfapumrl ukd,fawmf \Mo0g'ukd rjrifEkdif em;rvnfEkdifMuonfrSmvnf; trSefyifjzpfonf (rmuk-4;10-12)/ tu,fpifppf 0dnOfa&;&mtjrifuef;&jcif;rSm xkdolwkdY\ cH,lrItykdif;omvQifjzpfonf/ a,&I\ pum;vHk;wkdYESifh a[mMum;yHkwkdYrSm &Sifa,m[efc&pf0ifESifh tjcm;c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;tMum; rsm;pGm awGU&onf/ a,&I\OyrmtoHk;jyKcsufrsm; a,m[efü ryg0ifyJ usefc&pf0ifoHk; usrf;üyg0ifNyD; xkdoHk;usrf;ü a,m[ef\ azmfjycsuf "igonf" azmfjycsufu ryg0ifjyefay/ jzpfEkdifzG,f&SdonfrSm a,m[efu wynfhawmfrsm;tm oD;oefYoGefoifcsufrsm;ukd rSwfwrf;jyKí usefc&pf0ifusrf;rsm; url vlxktwGif; ukd,fawmf\ a[mMum;csufrsm;tm; rSwfwrf;wifjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ 18;21/ " tb,fhaMumifhighukd ar;jref;oenf; " tcPf;i,f 20 ü vlxktm;xif&Sm;pGm a[mMum; awmfrlaMumif; rdefYqdkonf/ tEéwf\ ar;cGef;rsm;rSm ,k'"r®owft& w&m;r0ifaMumif;ESifh vlwkdY\ odem;vnfaerIukd xkdoltm;ukd,fawmfunTefjy aejcif;jzpfonf/ 18;22"teD;tyg;ü &yfaeaomrif;vkvifwpfa,mufu...a,&Iukd&kdufav\" rl&if; toHk;tEIef;t&- " yg;&kdufjcif; "okdYr[kwf" wkwfjzifh&kdufjcif; " [kqkdvkdonf/ vuf0g; jzefYvsuf &kdufjcif;[kvnf; em;vnf&onf/ a,&Sm,-50;6 ukd &nfnTef;csufjzpfonf/ 18;23"vQif" "vQif" First Class Conditional Sentence ESpfckjzpfNyD; usef;rma&;&Iaxmifh wGiftrSefjzpfjcif; okdYr[kwf 4if;\ a&;om;jcif;OD;wnfcsuf jzpfzG,f&Sdonf/ þae&mü yxr wpfcsufrSm wkduf&kdufyifrSm;,Gif;pGm jyKaMumif;qkdonf/ tEéwftm; ukd,fawmfu 4if;oufao om"u ,ljy&ef pdrfac:jcif;jzpfonf/ 18;24- þppfaq;ar;jcif;tm; usefc&pf0ifoHk;usrf;ü csefvSyfxm;avonf/

usrf;csuf- 18;25-27- "&Sdrkefayw&konf &yfírD;vIHaeonfwGif tcsdKUaom olwkdYu oifonf ol\wynfhwkdY t0ifjzpfonfr[kwfavm[kar;vQif r[kwf bl;[k ayw&kjiif;av\/ ayw&kckwfí em;&GufjywfaomolESifh aygufazmfawmf aom ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\ uRefwpfa,mufu oifonfO,smOfü a,&IESifhtwl &Sdonfukd igjrifcJhNyD r[kwfavm[kqkdvQif ayw&konf wzefjiif;qkdjyefav\/ xkdcPjcif;wGif MuufwGef\"

18;26- "ayw&kckwfí em;&GufjywfaomolESifh aygufazmfawmfaom ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif; \uRefwpfa,mufu" c&pf0ifusrf;av;usrf;twGif; ayw&ktm; ar;cGef;xkwfolESifh pyfvsOf; íuGm[csuftcsdKU&Sdaeonfukd awGU&onf/ 1/ &Sifrmukc&pf0ifü-yxrtBudrfar;cGef;ukdtaptyg;rdef;ru ar;onf (rmuk-14;69)/ 2/ &SifróJc&pf0ifü-tjcm;aomrdef;rwpfa,mufuar;onf ( róJ-26;71 )/ 3/ &Sifvkum-22;58ürl a,musmF;wpfa,mufjzpfonf/ 4/ &Sifa,m[efc&pf0ifürl-,pfyka&m[dwfrif;\ uRefjzpfonf/ jzpfpOftaetxm;t&- wpfa,mufu par;vkdufonfESifh rD;yHkywfywfvnf&Sd vlrsm;uyg 0kdif; 0ef;ar;jref;Mu aMumif;xif&Sm;onf ( ;18 )/