3.0 Further Study and Concept Presentation Board

(Bedouin tent, 2013)

Livestock raising had traditionally been the primary economic activity of Bedouins. Among Bedouins livestock has traditionally been a measure a wealth and a means of survival.

MATERIAL AND FUNCTION Tents are normally black, though this absorb daily heat.

On cold nights the front is closed for extra warmth.

It is woven from hair of livestock they own such as sheep or camel, which has extraordinary thermal endurance.

One should pay extra attention to the special technique of weaving employed by Bedouin women; it is often called “LOOSE” (Rudofsky, 1972).

Bedouin have traditionally lived in tents known as “bur yuut hajar” (literally “house of hair”). They have traditionally been made black goat-hair or camel hair and are usually square or rectangular but can be round.

MOVEMENT & WAYFINDING

It takes a nomad around two weeks to slowly move his animals,

RAGS AND RICHS? Large amounts of possessions are frowned up because that translates to additional weight when they are on the move.

...made of porous material... ALLOWS AIR CIRCULATION

...sheep or camel hair so when it rains, the fiber swells and becomes WATERPROOF

...made of pours material... ALLOWS LIGHT TO PENETRATE THROUGH

3.1 Typical Bedouin Tent Model

An typical Xayma (tent) formation used by Southern Iraqi Bedouin’s. The structure is made of wooden poles arranged in a 3 x 5 layout to allow for multi functional general arrangement.

The fabric is normally off hair, either from camel or black goat and weaved by the family. The weaving method is very particular as the final result is pours, this allows for air to get through but heat and sun light is deflected.

The standard functions that are considerate as part of this arrangement includes, private space for men and women and normally space allocated to women is larger this relates to the types of activities performed by the family. An kitchen space is provided and normally bound by separators made of fabric.

Natural cross ventilation is a must in tents such as, once the tent fabric is heated it allows for any warm air internally to be drawn out and creates a cool breeze in the process.

3.3 Process of Making

Mixture of flower and water paper mache made of recycled newspaper to mould onto 4 Axis CNC contour of Al -Bussayyah and surround area. The final results formed a multi tear analysis of the site condition in 2010 and 2022. Other layers of analysis includes existing Oil and Gas pipe line and mechanism to demonstrate movement of Nomads.

4.0 References

• Foltyn, S. (2021) ‘there’s no rain’: Climate change threatens Iraq’s Bedouins, News | Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera. Available at: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/28/no-rain-iraqsbedouin-tribes-affected-by-climate-change (Accessed: October 2022). .

• (2021) Iraq’s Bedouins under climate change threat. YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsjmWAxqrLg (Accessed: October 2022).

• Esri (1999) “Mapping Tool,” Arcgis. Esri. Available at: https:// www.arcgis.com/ (Accessed: October 2022).

• Peled, K. (2022) “Conclusion,” in Words like daggers: The political poetry of the Negev Bedouin. Leiden: Brill, p. 247.

• DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX (no date) IRAQDISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX. IOM. Available at: https:// iraqdtm.iom.int/ (Accessed: October 2022).

• Baghdad UNAMI Compound (Diwan 2) International Zone, Baghdad, Iraq (2019) ASSESSING WATER SHORTAGE-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT IN MISSAN, MUTHANNA, THI-QAR AND BASRA. IOM IRAQ. Available at: https://reliefweb.int/attachments/ a9e1531e-edef-3721-8603-15c1b561502d/IOM_assessing%20 water%20shortage%20induced%20displacement%20in%20 South%20Iraq.PDF (Accessed: October 2022).

• Baghdad UNAMI Compound (Diwan 2) International Zone, Baghdad, Iraq (2020) WATER QUANTITY AND WATER QUALITY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF DISPLACEMENT RISK. IOM IRAQ. Available at: https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e0ef6f75-c20b-38799e11-759e1c395949/Water%20quantity%20and%20water%20 quality%20in%20central%20and%20south%20Iraq%20-%20 Final.pdf (Accessed: October 2022).

• Tomaas, H.A. (2012) “Agricultural development in Al-Muthanna Governorate, reality and ambition,” Al-Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, 2(3), pp. 15–33. Available at: https://doi.org/10.52113/6/2012-2-3/1-34.

• Hopkins, R. (2019) “Introduction. What If Things Turned Out OK?,” in From what is to what if: Unleashing the power of imagination to create the future we want. White River Junction: Chelsea Green Publishing.

• Al-Khatteeb, L.J. (2013) The Geopolitics of Natural Gas, Natural Gas in the Republic of Iraq. rep. Cambridge: Harvard Kennedy School.

• McDonough, W. and Braungart, M. (2010) Cradle to Cradle Remaking The Way We Make Things. New York, New York State: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

• House of Commons. and Yeo, T. (2008) Personal carbon trading: Fifth report of session 2007-08: Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence. Stationery Office. Available at: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/ cmenvaud/565/565.pdf (Accessed: October 2022).

• Bachelard, G. and Farrell, E.R. (2006) Water and dreams: An essay on the imagination of matter. Dallas, TX, Fort Worth: Pegasus Foundation.

• (2017) Regreening the desert with John D. Liu | VPRO Documentary | 2012. YouTube. Available at: https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=IDgDWbQtlKI&t=1632s (Accessed: November 18, 2022).

• Farooq Ahmed Fartm, Z. (2020) “Desertification in Iraq and how to combatit,” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 553(01). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/17551315/553/1/012033.

• What is Desertification? (no date) UNCCD FAQ. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. Available at: https:// www.unccd.int/unccd-faq (Accessed: November 2022).

• Hays, J. (2012) Bedouins nomadic life, Facts and Details. Available at: https://factsanddetails.com/world/cat52/sub331/ item1987.html (Accessed: November 26, 2022).

• Rudofsky, B. (1972) Architecture without architects : a short introduction to non-pedigreed architecture. London: Academy Editions.

• Asian Geographic (2020) “The Bedu,” 31 March. Available at: https://www.pressreader.com/australia/asian-geograph ic/20200331/282656099555799 (Accessed: November 2022).

• Jackburningmatch (2013) Bedouin tent, bm.match. Available at: https://bmmatch.wordpress.com/2013/02/24/bedouin-tent/ (Accessed: November 2022).

• IvyPanda. (2022) ‘Bedouin Tent : Review and Analysis’. 5 March. (Accessed: 27 November 2022).

• National Geographic Society (2022) Where worlds and ideas connect: The caravanserai, National Geographic Society. National Geographic Society. Available at: https://education. nationalgeographic.org/resource/where-worlds-and-ideasconnect-caravanserai (Accessed: November 27, 2022).

• Anzani, A. (2022) Conscious dwelling: For transdisciplinary cityscapes. Cham, Bavaria: Springer International Publishing AG.

• Mikoyan MiG-29 Cutaway Drawing (no date) Cutaway Drawings. Available at: https://conceptbunny.com/mikoyan-mig-29/.

• ‘21:30’, in The quran. Book of Signs Foundation.

• Galovic, N. (2019) Flexing our solar muscle: Solar for everyone, everywhere, CSIROscope. Available at: https://blog.csiro.au/flexing-our-solar-musclesolar-for-everyone-everywhere/ (Accessed: 09 May 2023).

• Nomad tents provide better shelter in Middle East Refugee Camps (no date) Lund University Research Magazine. Available at: https://www. researchmagazine.lu.se/2016/04/26/nomad-tents-provide-bettershelter-in-middle-east-refugee-camps/ (Accessed: 09 May 2023).

• N. (2015) This futuristic tent catches rainwater and solar energy, Gear Institute. Available at: https://gearinstitute.com/this-futuristic-tentcatches-rainwater/ (Accessed: 09 May 2023).

• Stinson, L. (2015) A bamboo tower that produces water from air, Wired. Available at: https://www.wired.com/2015/01/architecture-and-visionwarkawater/ (Accessed: 09 May 2023).

• Kohli, A. (2021) Nomad Pavilion by Dina Haddadin and Rasem Kamal: Shelter and water collection unit in Jordanian desert - RTF, RTF | Rethinking The Future. Available at: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/2021/02/14/ a3225-nomad-pavilion-by-dina-haddadin-and-rasem-kamal-shelter-andwater-collection-unit-in-jordanian-desert/ (Accessed: 09 May 2023).

• Leone, D. (2021) Remembering the iraqi air force fighter jets found buried in the desert by American forces during operation iraqi freedom,

4.1 References

The Aviation Geek Club. Available at: https://theaviationgeekclub.com/ remembering-the-iraqi-air-force-fighter-jets-found-buried-in-the-desertby-american-forces-during-operation-iraqi-freedom/ (Accessed: 09 May 2023).

• (No date) What happened to the Iraqi Air Force? Daniel L. Haulman, PhD Air Force ... Available at: https://www.afhra.af.mil/Portals/16/ documents/Airmen-at-War/Haulman-WhatHappenedIraqiAF. pdf?ver=2016-08-22-131410-023 (Accessed: 09 May 2023).

• Veraceginskaslindstrom (2016) Bedouin tents, black wool and a cactus., spatial experiments. Available at: https://spatialexperiments.wordpress. com/2016/09/18/bedouin-tents-black-wool-and-a-cactus/ (Accessed: 09 May 2023).

• Mesopotamian marshes (2023) Wikipedia. Available at: https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamian_Marshes (Accessed: 09 May 2023).

• Alnajadah, A. (2019) Bait-al-sha’ar: A Kuwaiti traditional Bedouin mobile home at risk – doaj, Journal of Architecture, Art & Humanistic Science. Available at: https://doaj.org/article/8b746bbc7e964bdb8525a1c87344ef46.

• Hensem, L. (2021) بيت الشعر قديما, Long hair Styles. Available at: https://sa.bobbycreekwater.com/.

• بيوت شعر حفر الباطن (2016) مؤسسة بيت الشعر السعودي. Available at: https://tent400.com/?attachment_id=215.

• مندور, م. (2019) الخيمة البدوية.. حكايات الحرف التقليدية وطقطقة فناجين القهوة, صدى البلد. Available at: https://www.elbalad. news/3784438.

Where are the coffee pots?

Where is the coffee grounds pile?

Where are the tents resting on seven rows of poles?