Contents Introduction..............................................................................2 How it Works...........................................................................13 Éist & Freagair..........................................................................33 Briathra....................................................................................57 Chit Chat..................................................................................81 Frásaí.......................................................................................93 Ainmfhocail & Aidiachtaí..........................................................107 Leathnú Foclora......................................................................125 Foranimneacha Réamhfhoclacha............................................139 Diabhalíní................................................................................153 Amhráin..................................................................................177 Bí ag Caint............................................................................193 Saibhriu Teanga......................................................................207
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Introduction This booklet is a companion reference to the online resource AbairLeat!, developed by Colรกiste Lurgan initially as a support resource for students of the Colรกiste. However, because we are dedicated to making Gaeilge more accessible and relevant to people within and outside the education system, it is our policy to freely share our resources, and AbairLeat! is an extremely useful tool for anyone wishing to improve their Gaeilge skills.
AbairLeat! is intended to be a supplementary activity that compliments existing coursework. It is not a language course per se. The whole focus is on spoken Gaeilge as used in ordinary speech by native speakers in the Connemara Gaeltacht, with the objective of helping learners to become more fluent, proficient and comfortable with Gaeilge This is not a grammar book, nor is the AbairLeat! online resource primarily a grammar guide.
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Objectives • To help learners develop a solid understanding of the basics of the language • To promote independent learning • To hone pronunciation skills • To overcome difficulties presented by the structural differences between English and Gaeilge
• To help learners enjoy the learning process, and to instil a sense of progress and achievement as they work through the exercises
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use it, or lose it NÍ neart go cur le chéile!
(Stronger together)
Independent Learning AbairLeat! Is primarily a tool for independent learning, with learners using their home computers to make their own recordings, complete self-correcting tasks and undergo themed interviews - anticipating the correct answers to preset questions. But independent learning isn’t the whole picture. By far the best way to learn any language is to use it. A great deal of learning happens outside the classroom, away from the desk and the computer. Fortunately, using Gaeilge is one of the most enjoyable aspects of learning it. Playing with the language - using it frequently and informally with other language learners - is the quickest way to develop functional fluency. So you should look for opportunities to chat with other learners, and to use your growing vocabulary in real-life situations. Try not to worry too much about small mistakes of grammar or pronunciation. In informal practice the objective is to make yourself understood. You’ll be surprised how quickly phrases, expressions ... even whole conversations ... begin to become second nature to you.
A Note of Caution: Not using your newly learnt Gaeilge is the best way to waste your time and lose whatever progress achieved. ‘Use it, or lose it.’
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Learning Groups One way to create opportunities to practice Gaeilge is through learning groups. A learning group is a group of learners within local communities, the workplace, social groups, schools, etc - managed by a teacher or facilitator. These groups provide ample opportunities for informal conversation as Gaeilge, with the facilitator setting learning goals, overseeing introduction of new materials, setting work schedules (homework) using AbairLeat! Homework Creator, and assessing and scoring homework via the Teacher Administration panel. You can either join an existing learning group - they are always eager for more members - or perhaps you could form one of your own.
How to sign up: To affiliate with AbairLeat!, a class or learning group requires a group manager (teacher or facilitator) 1. The teacher or facilitator applies to AbairLeat! to have the class represented on the available classes list. (see New Classes ) 2. Members of the class go online, locate their class on the available classes list and request admission by leaving their login details. 3. The class manager confirms these details – thus allowing members into their online class.
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Lessons have 3 parts The focus of AbairLeat! is always on the fundamentals of the language, presenting relevant vocabulary and materials that are useful in everyday conversation. The simple Q and A format of the lessons underscores the conversational approach to learning, with each lesson’s goal supported by interactive exercises that help you to understand, speak, read, and write the lesson content with ease. There are three parts to each lesson.
Part 1 - Listen / Repeat / Record / Compare New material is presented in written and oral form - with original recordings of native speakers. These may be replayed and repeated aloud as often as you wish. It is important to practice out loud, to attempt to mimic the sounds of the language. The focus here is on accuracy as you practice new words and phrases, and repetition is the key to locking the new vocabulary and pronunciations into your longterm memory. So don’t rush through the exercises. Instead take your time to practice out loud until you are ready to make your own recording. Then, listen to your recording and compare it to the original. If you don’t feel your attempt is sufficiently clear, you can simply try again. The beauty of this independent learning method is that you are not under pressure. You can feel free to make mistakes as you work closer and closer to your goal of mimicking the native speaker. The value of independent learning is for you to discover for yourself the correct form, pronunciation and intonation (for example, the rise or fall of the voice to show questions or surprise). Self-correction and repetition have the effect of gradually imbedding new learning into your long-term memory, so don’t take shortcuts. Practice, practice and then ... you guessed it: PRACTICE!
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Part 2 - Reinforce learning targets ‘Task-based learning activities’ are a powerful way to learn form/function relationships in a second language, so AbairLeat! lessons include a task-based component, requiring learners to complete self-correcting interactive exercises. These are usually audio-based, requiring recognising, identifying, spelling, associating and putting in context the key phrases, words and concepts of the lesson. This should not be a passive exercise, with learners quietly guessing correct answers. Instead, take a proactive stance and repeat each audio out loud as frequently as necessary to become comfortable with them. When you complete a task, you’ll receive immediate feedback, and you may redo the tasks as often as you like. Only your final score will be saved in your work portfolio, so keep at it until you are happy that you’ve learned the lesson well. These tasks are ideal for reinforcing fundamentals, and it is a good idea to revisit these at regular intervals - weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly - to help lock your learnings into your long-term memory.
Part 3 - Challange - Respond This is the most challenging aspect of each lesson, requiring you to use the language in a meaningful way. Instead of simple listen/repeat sequences, here you are asked to record your independent response to questions or prompts, requiring you to recall phrases quickly as you would in real-life conversations. Again, you’ll receive immediate feedback about the correctness of your response. These tasks are listened to and scored by the by the teacher or facilitator, using the integrated class administration facility. Unlike parts I and II, speed counts, as you are challenged to respond to prompts in real time, then move on to the next. This quick-fire, Q & A approach is an excellent way to develop quick reflexes as you begin to actually think as Gaeilge. Remember, as always, the key to developing a rapid linguistic reflex is practice, repetition, practice, repetition. And more practice!
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general advice Learning Gaeilge - General Advice Learning a language is a gradual, incremental process requiring a great deal of practice and repetition, but it needn’t be tedious or frustrating. A key to success is to enjoy the process, and pay attention to the little successes - a new word remembered, a difficult pronunciation mastered, etc - and take pride in your progress. Each lesson completed is another step toward your goal of confidence and fluency. And keep practicing!
Tips for Learners: 1.
Live the language. Use Gaeilge as often as you can.
2. Share what you learn. Teaching others is a great way to solidify concepts in your mind. 3.
Invest the time. Learning a language doesn’t happen overnight. It’s a simple equation: the more time spent listening, speaking, reading and writing as Gaeilge, the faster you learn.
4. Get motivated and stay motivated. Think about how you will feel with a good mastery of Gaeilge, and keep that image foremost in your mind. Desire is the key to enjoyment; enjoyment is the key to persistence; persistence is the key to success. 5. Relax! Mistakes are good - a necessary part of the learning process. Don’t be afraid to make them. Speak boldly and with confidence. If you get it wrong, you’ll remember that much better the next time.
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Pronunciation Pronunciation In AbairLeat! we use native speaker material to demonstrate and enhance correct pronunciation. The play/record/playback process means you can listen to native pronunciation as many times as you need to to internalise the sounds, and then you may practice as often as necessary to hone your pronunciation skills.
Tips for Pronunciation: 1. Focus on correct pronunciation from the beginning, instead of leaving it for later. 2. Spend 10 or 15 minutes each day on pronunciation practice. These short bursts are more sustainable and effective than occasional longer sessions. 3. Listen carefully. The first step toward good pronunciation is to pay close attention to the sounds of the language. The more you listen the better you’ll become at discriminating between similar sounds, stresses, intonation patterns, etc. 4. Practice with useful, real language that you can use on a daily basis. 5. Listen. Imitate. Repeat. Keep trying, and you’ll gradually find even the hardest words and phrases tripping off your tongue. It’s all about PRACTICE.
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An Fhoireann Airím go mór faoi chomaoin chuile dhuine a d’oibrigh ar an ríomhchlár seo le trí bliana anuas. Ba mhaith liom a cheapadh gur ag tús próisis atá muid agus gur ó neart go neart a rachas AbairLeat! sna blianta amach romhainn. Tá mé an-bhuíoch do Chriostóir Mac Dubhaill as a chuid cúnaimh, comhairle agus inchur i réiteach an fhoilseacháin seo.
____________________________ Mícheál Ó Foighil. Bainisteoir Choláiste Lurgan.
Design Creative Direction and Design Mark McGann of Block 5 Design
www.block5design.com
Diabhailíní Beaga Artwork – Cormac Corcoran
Development Flash interactive components - Jamie Casey, Andrew Mullins, Séamus Murphy Database setup and management -- Daithí Ó Conghaile Flash Animation – Andrew Dewdney, Armour Interactive Online, server consultation and management - Seaghan Ó Muircheartaigh, Digilogue
Voice Recording Recording engineer - Eugene Kelly Voices: Áine Ní Dhroighneáin , Des Bishop, Gearóid Mac Donncha, Bríd Síle Wyndham, Darach Ó Dubháin, Máire Ní Chonaire, Rhona Ní Chearbhaill agus go leor eile.
Video Production: Camera: Conal Mac Eochagáin Actors: Marc Mac Lochlainn, Des Bishop, Marc Mac Cormaic, Jeff Ó Nia, Áine Ní Dhroighneáin, Aoife Ní Chuanaigh agus go leor eile. Edaiting: Éamonn Mac Mánais
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Requirments for using AbairLeat! The AbairLeat! platform requires a teacher or facilitator to manage a group of learners. This is done by setting out and overseeing work programs – allocating course work – assessing and scoring recorded materials. New learning groups can be easily accommodated within AbairLeat! Other Requirements:
Broadband access
A Microphone
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Access to the lurgan recording server. Take the recording test
HOW IT WORKS In all there are six user levels each allowing different access and usage. AbairLeat! recognises level status on login. Level 1 – Overall administration – inserts content, sets up school managers. Level 2 – School Managers – sets up classes, allocates teachers, makes content available.
CLARAIGHÁ MO RANG
Level 3 – Teacher / facilitator – allows members into class, manages class activity.
ABAIRLEAT
Level 4 – AbairLeat! Scoile – recordings, scores and teacher feedback saved
ABAIRLEAT
Level 5 – Parents of AbairLeat! Scoile – can monitor their child’s work portfolio and confirm their visits.
SCOIL
TUISTE ABAIRLEAT
PLUS+
Level 6 – AbairLeat! PLUS+ - same as level 4 without level 5 access.
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Cláir Oibre – Main interface Pre-set work schedules are sample / guide work programs set by Abair Leat! admin. Each preset “Clár Oibre” has a number of themed lessons while each lesson has its own set of tasks / exercises. All of the content is taken from materials that are available in the “Leabharlann”
Overall score
The overall score takes into account the scores of all completed tasks on the “Clár Oibre”
Title of “Clár Oibre”
This link navigates the various “Cláir Oibre” that make up a collection of work schedules.
Lessons
Clicking on a “lesson” displays the tasks/exercises that comprise the lesson.
Green Tasks
First step in each lesson – new audio materials presented. Listen – repeat – record – compare.
Red Tasks
Recognising / identifying / putting in context / spelling / associating the key phrases, words and concepts of the
Blue Tasks
Learners are required to record their responses to preset questions / prompts. Assessed and scored by the
Purple Tasks
Other relevant materials that are presented in various media formats such as mp3 / ppt / swf / pdf / word etc..
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Collection Titles
Work schedules are grouped into collections i.e. Agallamh Lurgan 2011 collection or TY collection etc.
Microphone Activity
How it works...
Activity here confirms that your microphone is properly configured. Advisable to check recording levels.
Logged in name
Recording feedback
Undertake this test to ensure you are connected to the AbairLeat recording server.
Homepage
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Logout
Leabharlann - Main Interface The leabharlann is organised as follows • Related subject matter are organised into “Books” (There are a total of 11 at present) • “Books” are further categorised into themed “chapters” • “Pages” usually constitute a specific lesson • Lessons have their associated tasks and exercises.
Book Selection
Click on book selection to display access to all of the 11 “Books”
Homework Viewer
Available for class members only
Mail Box
Available for class members only
Mail Creator
Available for class members only
Help
Access help tutorials and manuals
Recording feedback
Undertake this test to ensure you are connected to the AbairLeat recording server.
Microphone Activity Activity here confirms that your microphone is properly configured. Advisable to check recording levels.
Book and chapter title
Shows what book, chapter and page number you are on.
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How it works...
Bookmark
Displays pages that have been bookmarked.
Next / previous page
Navigate forwards or backwards using these tabs.
Next/previous chapter Skip forward or backward from chapter to chapter
Assessment Page
Go straight to assessment page Each chapter has one.
Bookmark
Click here to bookmark the displayed page.
Index page
Go straight to index page. View all available chapters in a “book�
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Teachers Admin This dashboard is only available for teachers. Once a teacher allows a learner into his/her online class they will appear on the class list. Teachers can then access and score the completed blue tasks of class members. Follow the steps outlined to display class details / recorded work for all your class across the full range of materials and tasks contained in Abair Leat!
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School years or adult learning groups assigned to the teacher appear here in a dropdown menu.
A teacher can have multiple classes within a school year
How it works...
Choose between Leabharlann and Cláir Oibre
Choose either a book from “Leabharlann” or a work schedule from “Cláir Oibre”
Choose either a chapter or a work sheet. This populates details for chapter assessment page
Choose a lesson from the “Clár Oibre”. This populates the details for worksheet tasks
Éist & Taifead exercises are not scored by teachers as they involve repetition of original audios. Scores for self-correcting are displayed and calculated into the overall score. Question – respond tasks are assessed and scored by the class teacher.
The overall score calculates the marks obtained as a % of the total available score. Members are permitted into the online class by the class teacher. Indicates that the teacher has assessed and scored this learners recorded work Indicates that the teacher has yet to assess and score this learners recorded work Indicates that the Éist & Taifead task has been fully completed
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Homework Viewer This interface is available to students and their parents. It outlines the follow up tasks assigned by the class teacher in a clear and easy to follow schedule. Tasks along with recorded work can be accessed and progress and feedback are clearly displayed.
Date Selection
Click on the date to display allocated tasks.
Red tasks
Self-correcting interactive tasks.
Green tasks
Listen / repeat / record and compare tasks.
Blue tasks
Record response to preset questions. Assessed and scored by class teacher.
Yellow tasks Video materials.
Purple tasks
Other media type materials mp3 / ppt / pdf / swf /word docs etc.
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How it works...
Green tic
Next / previous Week
Indicates that tasks have been assigned for this date
Toggle forwards to next week or backwards to previous weeks.
(Green) Playback
Playback button appears only on completion of all of the recording work
(Blue) Playback
Plays back the recorded responses and outlines teacher feedback
Parental Stamp
Parents can login and view progress. They confirm their visit by putting a parental stamp on the page.
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Homework Creator This interface is available to teachers only. All tasks / exercises contained in AbairLeat! can be assigned for “homework” via this interface. It is important that teachers are familiar with the content and associated tasks of various lessons before assigning them as part of a follow on work program. All new materials should firstly be presented and explained during class contact.
Rang:
Choose a class from a drop down menu. A teacher can have more than one class per school year
Bliain:
School years or adult learning groups assigned to the teacher appear here in a dropdown menu.
Leabhar:
Choose a book from the dropdown:
Leathanach/Ceacht: Choose a page / lesson to display the available tasks for that lesson
Assign a task:
Click on tasks to assign them to the “homework” list
Left hand side list
Tasks that can be assigned for Obair Bhaile
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How it works... Cúrsa:
Choose a course from the dropdown menu. At present there is only one choice - AbairLeat!
Green tic:
Selected Date:
Indicates that “Homework” has been assigned for this date
The selected date to which tasks are being allocated is highlighted.
Next / previous week: Toggle forwards to next week or backwards to previous weeks.
Attach a note:
Notes for class member may be attached to each task.
Right hand side list
Tasks that have been assigned as Obair Bhaile
Update & Confirm
New lists and alternations to existing lists need to be confirmed
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Abairleat Mail View Mail Abair Leat has an inbuilt messaging system that allows teachers to forward messages to class members. Messages sent to students are also sent to the parent’s inbox. Parents and students can also exchange messages. Abair Leat administration can also notify all members. New messages are flagged on the main interface.
Teacher
Messages from the teacher are also forwarded to the parents inbox
Parents / students
Parents and students can exchange messages
Abair Leat! Admin
Abair Leat admin can notify all members.
View
Unopened
Open and display messages
Unopened messages are highlighted.
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How it works...
Create Mail Messages are easily created and formatted using the mail creator. Teachers may select the whole class or certain members of the class. Parents who have more than child registered with Abair Leat can also select to whom they forward a message. Members may also notify their teacher or Abair Leat! administration.
Recipients
Class members / family members / Teacher /Abair Leat Administration
Select - deselect
All recipients within a group may be selected or deselected
Subject
The subject title is displayed on unopened messages
Send
click on seol button to forward message
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Green Tasks - Listen, Repeat, Record Lessons have between 12-15 native speaker audios. New language items are presentenced in a question/answer format.The focus is on accuracy and in giving intensive practice in listening to and saying particular words and phrases. It’s important to practice out loud, mimic the sounds of the language before you begin recording yourself. Listen carefully, then repeat. When you feel you are ready, record your answer. Then listen to your recording and compare it with the native speaker recording. As with all language learning, repetition is key, so repeat as often as necessary. You should be focusing on accuracy - don’t be content with mediocre pronunciation.
Audio selection
Information
Each tab houses a different recordable audio.
The information popup facilitates the introduction of extra relevant materials
Native Speaker Audio Plays / replays the original audio.
Playback
Record
Plays back your own recording followed by the original audio.
Click to begin and to end making your own recording.
Slideshow Replay all recordings Playback all your recordings in sequence. Rerecord individual ones you are not 100% satisfied
Green Feedback
Indicates that relevant recording is complete, also has its own playback button.
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Red Feedback Indicates that it is currently being recorded.
Grey button plays original audios only. Button turns green on completion of all recordings allowing the slideshow to feature your own recordings
How it works...
Video Éist & Taifead This listen, repeat, and record activity allows you to imitate dialogue from a video. Analysis of your own recordings will help you improve your pronunciation and intonation (the rise and fall of the voice – e.g. to show questions or surprise) The aim is to help you notice for yourself the correct form or pronunciation of words / phrases and not to settle for poor pronunciation.
For. Réamh. Orm, ort, air .....
Scene Selection
Change the video clip. Each clip has up to 8 recordable audios.
Yellow Playback
Plays the video clip with its original audios
Green Playback
Plays the video clip with your recording inserted.
Mute Recording Functions Listen, repeat, record and playback
Audio Selection
Access each separate dialogue in a scene via its own tab.
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Plays the video with audio switched of.
Red Tasks - Task-Based Activities Linking language study with active tasks is proven to speed learning and help learners discover form/function relationships in another language. This part presents learners with self-correcting, interactive tasks - usually audio based - requiring learners to recognise, identify, spell, put into context and associate key phrases, words and concepts. This should not be a passive exercise, with learners quietly guessing correct answers. Instead, take a proactive stance and repeat each audio out loud as frequently as necessary to become comfortable with them. Feedback is immediate, and you may redo the task any number of times - as always, repetition is good! Only the last score received will be saved in your portfolio.
Audio ilroghnach Match four audios with either their corresponding audios or images. The movable audios can be rearranged. You should develop the habit of repeating the audios aloud as you are arranging them.This habit will help store the new vocabulary into your long-term memory.
Quiz FĂseĂĄin After watching a brief video clip you are asked to answer some questions on its content. There are four possible answers for each question you choose an answer by clicking it. A hint can be called for but in doing so will incur a 50% deduction of marks available. A correct answer aided by a hint is displayed by an orange mark.
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How it works...
Líon na bearnaí
Socraigh an tOrd
This task type doesn’t have accompanying audios. However, you will have encountered audio versions of the content previously in the same lesson. You are required to select the correct inserts to complet partially composed sentences. Incorrect choices are displayed in red while correct choices are displayed in green.
You are presented with a series of audios of words / sentences / instructions along with criteria on how they should be arranged. Audios are arranged in sequence by dragging them, using the mouse, into their holders. Your arrangement may be checked using the play button built into the holder.
Litriú
Meaitseáil 16 :
The spelling exercises focus on the essential language concept contained in the lesson. An image or a hint prompts what needs to be spelt. The number of letters in each word that needs to be spelt is also outlined. Try and form the words in your head – better still say them out loud.
This task requires you to associate images with their corresponding audios. You play against the clock. To obtain 100% you must match all 16 images within a time limit (usually 45 seconds). You are deducted % points for each second after the time limit has passed. You are permitted to make three incorrect choices – on making the fourth you will have to start over.
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Blue Tasks - Challenge / Respond This challenge/respond section is the most ... well, challenging. It is important to be thoroughly acquainted with the 12-15 audio files on which the lesson is based before taking this on. Here you must think for yourself, instead of simply repeating or filling gaps. This is the most active way of learning, and the one that will assess your progress whilst strengthening your growing skills. Unlike parts I and II, speed counts, as you are challenged to respond to prompts in real time, then move on to the next. This quick-fire, Q & A approach is an excellent way to develop quick
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In this part, you are given questions or prompts to which you must supply the most appropriate response. These high quality interactive exercises use the principle of anticipation to mimic real life conversation, challenging you to quickly supply the correct phrase.
Restart
Start over again from the very beginning.
Replay
Replay the question/ prompt as many times as you wish.
Skip back
If you wish to rerecord your previous attempt you can skip back and rerecord.
Slideshow
Record
Press red record button to begin recording your own response. Press green button with tick to stop.
Next question / prompt.
The next question / prompt plays automatically. The sequence continues
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Playback a slideshow after completing task. All questions will need to be re-answered to replace a previous version.
How it works...
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Your teacher / facilitator assess and score your recorded work. Each of your efforts is given a score from 0 to 5. They may also leave audio feedback on some individual recordings. These will be displayed in green.
Scores & Audio Feedback
Scores for individual recordings are displayed. Green score holders indicate an audio feedback from your teacher
Audio Feedback Recorder
Teachers / facilitaors may leave audio feedback for individual recordings using these recording functions. These are only available to class teachers / facilitators.
Scoring
Each student recording is scored from 0 to 5 based on its authenticity and pronunciation.
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Students and also their parents can access the scored work and listen to the teacher feedback. This is
Scores & Audio Feedback
Listen back to your teachers opinion and advice by clicking on the green score holders
Navigation Toggle
Go to the next or to the previous recording. It is also possible to navigate using the score holders.
Yellow Play Mode
Plays & replays original audios
Green Play Mode
Mute Play Mode
Plays and replays your audio followed by the original audio.
Plays slideshow with audios muted.
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Éist & Freagair The who?/ what ?/ when ?/ where? / why?and how?
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The Éist & Taifead section focuses on the most commonly posed questions in everyday dialogue and how to deal with them. The who?/ what ?/ when ?/ where? / why? and how? Many conversations are about exchanging simple information. This section focuses on the most commonly posed questions in everyday dialogue and how to deal with them. Being comfortable with the materials in this section will be a great help to you in inquiring about and exchanging information with your fellow learners. Lessons are arranged in a question-answer format with the content further reinforced by the use of associated images.The grammatical constructions are repeated a number of times using different examples leading to better retention.
Céard ?
Cén uair?
Cár?
Cé?
Cén chaoi?
Cén fáth ?
Cén áit?
Cá bhfuil?
Cé mhéad?
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Céard é seo ? Céard iad seo?
Céard é seo ? Céard iad seo? / What is this? What are these? When identifying things the construction “ Is _______ é” is used. Nouns in Gaeilge are either masculine or feminine and are referred to as being “he” or “she”. There is no word in Gaeilge for “it”
Is úll é Is bróg í
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It (he) is an apple –
Is fáinní iad
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It (she) is a shoe – They are rings
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3 Céard é seo?
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3 Céard é seo?
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3 Céard iad seo?
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3 Céard iad seo?
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Céard atá /a bhí / a bheas ann? Céard atá (Céar’ ‘tá*) / a bhí / a bheas ann? What is it? What was it? What will it be? (Is) traein atá ann. It is a train (Ba) c(h)luiche a bhí ann – It was a game (Is) cáca a bheas ann – It will be a cake
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
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3 Céard atá ann? Céar’ ‘tá ann?
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3 Céard atá ann? Céar’ ‘tá ann?
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3 Céard a bhí ann?
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3 Céard a bheas ann?
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Céard a bhíodh/ a bhí / a bhíonn / a bheas ann? Céard a bhíodh/ a bhí / a bhíonn / a bheas ann? What used it be? What was it? What “does it be”(habitual present) ? What will it be? (Is) droichead a bhíodh ann – It used to be a bridge. (Ba) f(h)ear sneachta a bhí ann – It was a snowman Bíonn tíogar ann – A tiger “does be”( habitual present) in the Zoo. Surprise a bheas ann – It will be a surprise.
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3 Céard a bhíodh ann?
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3 Céard a bhí ann?
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3 Céard a bhíonn ann?
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3 Céard a bheas ann?
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Céard atá á dhéanamh aige / aici / acu ? Céard atá (Céar’ ‘tá*) á dhéanamh (á dhéana’) aige/aici/acu ? What is he/she/they doing? This is an important construction and really needs to be nailed down. Tá Tá Tá Tá
sé ag aclaíocht – He is exercising sé á ghléasadh féin – He is dressing (himself) sé á scrúdú – He is examining it an leaba á cóiriú aici – She is making the bed.
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
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3 Céard atá á dhéanamh aige? Céar’ ‘tá á dhéana’ aige?
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3 Céard atá á dhéanamh aici? Céar’ ‘tá á dhéana’ aici?
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3 Céard atá á dhéanamh acu? Céar’ ‘tá á dhéana’ acu?
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3 Céard atá á dhéanamh agat? Céar’ ‘tá á dhéana’ ‘ad?
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Céard a bhíodh/ a bhí / a bhíonn / a bheas á dhéanamh .....? Céard a bhíodh/a bhí /a bhíonn/a bheas á dhéanamh .....? What used / did / does / will he-she-they do? Bhíodh sí ag obair le gasúir sráide i gCalcutta – She used to work with street children in Calcutta Bhí sé ag srannadh – He was snoring Bíonn sí ag aisteoireacht - She acts Beidh scrúdú á dhéanamh aige – He will be undertaking an exam
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3 Céard a bhíodh á dhéanamh
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3 Céard a bhí á dhéanamh ..?
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3 Céard a bhíonn á dhéanamh
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3 Céard a bheas á dhéanamh
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Céard atá air/uirthi? Céard atá cearr leis/léi? Céard atá (Céar’ ‘tá*) air/uirthi? Céard atá cearr leis/léi? What is the matter with him / her? What is wrong with him / her? Tá Tá Tá Tá
tart air - He is thirsty (There is a thirst on him) imní uirthi – She is worried (There is worry on her) pian ina bholg aige – He has a pain in his tummy. pian ina fiacail aici – She has a toothache.
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
1
2
3 Céard atá air? Céar’ ‘tá air?
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3 Céard atá uirthi? Céar’ ‘tá uirthi?
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3 Céard atá cearr leis? Céar’ ‘tá cearr leis?
1
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3 Céard ata cearr leí? Céar’ ‘tá cearr leí?
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Céard atá uaidh? Céard a theastaíonn uaidh? Céard atá (Céar’ ‘tá*) uaidh? Céard a theastaíonn uaidh? Céard atá (Céar’ ‘tá*) sé ag iarraidh ( ‘g iarra’ *)? What does he want / require ? What is he looking for? Tá mil uaidh – He wants honey Teastaíonn cúnamh uaidh – He wants / requires help Tá sé ag iarraidh ( ‘g iarra’ *) dul abhaile – He wants to go home.
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
1
2
3 Céard atá uaidh? Céar’ ‘tá uaidh?
1
2
3 Céard a theastaíonn uaidh?
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3 Céard atá se ag iarraidh? Céar’ ‘tá sé ‘g iarra’?
1
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3 Céard is maith leis/ leí?
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Cé hé / hí / hiad seo? Cé hé / hí / hiad seo? Who is he / she? Who are they? Who are we? Is Is Is Is
1
é (‘sé*) sin / Sin é Paul O’Connell - That’s / It’s Paul O’Connell í (‘sí*) sin / Sin í Katie Taylor - That’s / It’s Katie Taylor iad (siad*) / Sin iad U2 - That’s / It’s U2 muidne (muide*) Laurel agus Hardy – We are Laurel and Hardy.
2
3 Cé hé seo?
1
2
3 Cé hí seo?
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3 Cé hiad seo?
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3 Cé muidne? Cé muide?
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Cé a bhíodh / a bhí / a bhíonn / a bheas ....? Cé a bhíodh / a bhí / a bhíonn / a bheas ....? Who used to / was / “does be” (habitual present) / will be ....? Bhíodh Paul pósta le Heather – Paul used to be married to Heather Bhí Rosanna ina “Miss World” - Rosanna was Miss World Bíonn an Pápa ina chónaí sa Vatican – The pope lives in the Vatican Beidh Cill Chainnigh sa gcraobh, is dócha! - Kilkenny will be in the final, I suppose.
1
2
3 Cé a bhíodh ....?
1
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3 Cé a bhí ....?
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3 Cé a bhíonn ...?
1
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3 Cé a bheas .. ?
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Cé a chaill .... / a dúirt ...... / a rinne ....... / Céarbh é ....? Cé a chaill ... / a dúirt ... / a rinne .../ a scríobh... / a chan ...? Who lost / said / made ......? (Ba é) Napoleon a chaill cath Waterloo - It was Napoleon who lost the battle of Waterloo (Ba é) Elvis a chan “Jailhouse Rock” – It was Elvis who sang “Jailhouse Rock. (Ba é) Beethoven a chum an “5th Symphony – It was Beethoven who composed the 5th Symphony (Ba é) Armstrong an chéad duine ar an ngealach – Armstrong was the first person on the moon.
1
2
3 Cé a chaill / a dúirt / a rinne?
1
2
3
Cé a scríobh / a chan ......?
1
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3
Cé a tháinig air / a cheap ...?
1
2
3 Cérbh é an chéad duine....?
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Cé mhéad an ceann ..../ a chosnaíonn ...? Cé mhéad an ceann ..../ a chosnaíonn .../ duine / atá ann? How much each ... / what does it cost ? Tá Euro an ceann orthu – They are a Euro each. Cosnaíonn sé dhá Euro - It costs two Euro Beirt atá ann – There are two people there Tá trí bhád ann – There are three boats there.
1
2
3 Cé mhéad an ceann .........?
1
2
3
Cé mhéad a chosnaíonn sé?
1
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3
Cé mhéad duine atá ann?
1
2
3
Cé mhéad ...... atá ann?
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Cé as é / leis é / d(h)ó* é / aige a bhfuil sé? Cé Cé Cé Cé
as é ? - Where is he from? leis é? - Who’s is it? dó (dhó*) é? - Who is it for? aige a bhfuil sé ? - Who has it?
(Is) (Is) (Is) (Is)
as an Iodáil é – He is from Italy le Indiana Jones é – It belongs to Indiana Jones don Phápa é – It’s for the Pope ag an slumdog atá sé – It’s the slumdog that has it.
1
2
3 Cé as é?
1
2
3 Ce leis é?
1
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3 Ce dó é? Cé dhó é|?
1
2
3 Cé aige a bhfuil sé ?
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Cén chaoi a bhfuil / a n-airíonn tú? Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú?(Ce’ chaoi ‘bhfuil tú?*) / a n-airíonn tú? How are you? How do you feel? How did you get on? How is the craic? Tá mé togha go raibh maith agat - I’m fine thanks! Airím thar cionn – I feel great! D’éirigh thar barr liom – I got on really well! Tá an chraic mighty – The craic is brilliant
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
1
2
3 Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú? Ce’ chaoi ‘ bhfuil tú?
1
2
3
Cén chaoi an airíonn tú? Ce’ chaoi a’ nairíonn tú?
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2
3
Cén chaoi ar éirigh leat? Ce’ chaoi ar éirigh leat?
1
2
3
Cén chaoi a bhfuil an chraic? Ce’ chaoi ‘il an chraic?
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Cén chaoi a mblaiseann / a ndeachaigh / a n-oibríonn / a ndéanann ... Cén chaoi (Ce’ chaoi*) a mblaiseann / a ndeachaigh / a n-oibríonn an ndéanann ........? Cén Cén Cén Cén
chaoi chaoi chaoi chaoi
(Ce’ chaoi*) a mblaiseann sé? - How does it taste? (Ce’ chaoi*) a ndeachaigh tú ann? - How did you go there? (Ce’ chaoi*) a n-oibríonn sé? - How does it work? (Ce’ chaoi*) a ndéanann tú é? - How do you do it?
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
1
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3 Cén chaoi a mblaiseann sé? Ce’ chaoi a mblaiseann sé?
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3 Cén chaoi a ndeachaigh ...? Ce’ chaoi a ndeachaigh ...?
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Cén chaoi an oibríonn sé? Ce’ chaoi a’ noibríonn sé?
1
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3 Cén chaoi a .........? Ce’ chaoi a ........?
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Cén chaoi ? Cén áit? Cén fáth? Cén uair? Cén chaoi (Ce’ chaoi*)? Cén áit? Cén fáth? Cén uair? How/where/ why /when? Cén Cén Cén Cén
1
chaoi (Ce’ chaoi*) ar tharla sé? – How did it happen? uair a tharla sé ? - When did it happen? fáth ar tharla sé? - Why did it happen? áit ar tharla sé? - Where did it happen?
2
3 Cén chaoi ar tharla sé? Ce’ chaoi .....?
1
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3 Cén uair ar tharla sé?
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3
Cén fáth ar tharla sé?
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3 Cén áit ar tharla sé?
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Cá bhfuil ......? (Cá ‘il* ) ? Cá bhfuil ......? (Cá ‘il* ) ? Where is ......? In Conamara “Cá bhfuil” is abbreviated to “ Cá ‘il*” . Here are a selection of possible answers to the question “cá ‘il”
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
1
2
3 Cá bhfuil ....? Cá ‘il ...?
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3 Cá bhfuil ....? Cá ‘il ...?
1
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3 Cá bhfuil ....? Cá ‘il ...?
1
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3 Cá bhfuil ....? Cá ‘il ...?
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Cá bhfuil ......? (Cá ‘il* ) ? Cá bhfuil ......? (Cá ‘il* ) ? Where is ......? In Conamara “Cá bhfuil” is abbreviated to “ Cá ‘il*” . Here are a selection of possible answers to the question “cá ‘il”
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
1
2
3 Cá bhfuil ....? Cá ‘il ...?
1
2
3 Cá bhfuil ....? Cá ‘il ...?
1
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3 Cá bhfuil ....? Cá ‘il ...?
1
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3 Cá bhfuil ....? Cá ‘il ...?
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Cá bhfaca...? Cá ndearna ..? Cá ndeachaigh...? Cá bhfaighfeá ...? Cá bhfaca...? Cá ndearna ..? Cá ndeachaigh...?
Cá bhfaighfeá ...?
Some irregular verbs have completely different positive and negative forms These need special attention as they are commonly used in conversation. Cá Cá Cá Cá
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bhfaca tú an fógra ? - Chonaic mé ar chlár na bhfógraí é. ndearna sé an stóilín? - Rinne sé sa rang adhmadóireachta é ndeachaigh sibh ar laethanta saoire? - Chuaigh muid chuig an Spáinn bhfaighfeá stampa? - Gheofá in oifig an phoist é.
2
3 Cá bhfaca ......?
1
2
3 Cá ndearna ...?
1
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3 Cá ndeachaigh ...?
1
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3 Cá bhfaighfeá ...?
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Cá ndeachaigh tú aréir? Cá Cá Cá Cá
1
ndeachaigh tú aréir? - Chuaigh mé chuig an amharclann dtéann siad chuile gheimhreadh? - Téann siad chun na hAifrice rachaidh sé tar éis a bhricfeasta? - Rachaidh sé ag obair. rachfá chun Gaeilge a fhoghlaim? - Rachfainn chun na Gaeltachta.
2
3 Cá ndeachaigh ...?
1
2
3 Cá dtéann ...?
1
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3 Cá rachaidh ...?
1
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3 Cá rachfá ...?
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Cár ....? Cár ....? Where did....? Cár Cár Cár Cár
1
thit siad? - Where did they fall? fhoghlaim sé a chuid Gaeilge? - Where did he learn his Gaeilge? rugadh é? - Where was he born? smaoinigh sé air? - Where did he think of it?
2
3 Cár .........?
1
2
3 Cár .........?
1
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3 Cár .........?
1
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3 Cár .........?
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BRIATHRA Most everyday conversation revolves around asking and answering simple questions in the past, present and future tenses. It is essential for learners to master the basic skill of asking and answering simple questions in these tenses.
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Briathra Gaeilge is a Verb Subject Object (VSO) language D’ith an buachaill úll (ate boy apple) the verb is at the very beginning of a sentence. English on the other hand is a Subject Verb Object language i.e. The boy ate an apple.
Gaeilge has three verb groups Group 1 - Regular verbs with one syllable roots, i.e. bris, glan, caith, pioc, ól. Group 2 - Regular verbs with roots of more than one syllable, i.e. ceannaigh, bailigh, inis, freagair. Group 3 - Irregular verbs. Gaeilge has 11 irregular verbs: Abair, beir, bí, clois, déan, faigh, feic, ith, tabhair, tar, téigh.
The three main difficulties encountered by English speakers when coming to terms with verbs as used in Gaeilge are:
1. 2.
There isn’t an equivalent to the yes / no answer as is in English. Instead the verb is always repeated in the answer.
Initial consonants are changed according to the tense and whether answers are positive or negative. Séimhiú - where a h is added after the initial consonant changing the sound Urú - where the sound of the initial consonant changes by placing another letter before it:
3.
Gaeilge has two forms of the verb “to be” which can be represented as follows An bhfuil sé fuar? Is it cold? An scannán é? Is it a film?
Tá / Níl It is / It isn’t Is ea / Ní hea It is / It isn’t
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Séimhiú / Urú Gaeilge is a Celtic language. One of the features of Celtic languages is that changes can occur at both the beginning and at the end of words (and even sometimes in the middle!) Changes to the beginning of words always relate to the preceding word or term. These changes are a hugely important feature of the language, and are used extremely frequently. Indeed, it is impossible to speak fluently without being able to master these changes. Séimhiú A séimhiú (or lenition in English) only affects certain consonants. It consists of adding the letter h after the initial consonant. The following consonants are affected: b c d f g
> > > > >
m p s t
bh ch dh fh gh
> > > >
mh ph sh th
The letters h, n, l and r remain unchanged, as do the vowels.
Urú An urú (or eclipsis in English) affects both vowels and consonants. It consists of adding an extra letter before the first letter of the word. This new letter is pronounced instead of the original first letter. Only the following consonants are affected: m before b
--> mb
n before g
-->
ng
g before c
-->
gc
b before p
-->
bp
n before d
-->
nd
d before t
--> dt
bh before f
-->
bhf
Eclipsis affects all the vowels in the same way: a > n-a e > n-e i > n-i
o > n-o u > n-u
Note: in certain cases, the letter ‘t’ can appear before words beginning with vowels or the letter s, and ‘h’ can appear before words beginning with nouns. These are not eclipsis. Finally, if a word begins with a letter not affected by séimhiú/urú, this word will remain unchanged – séimhiú/urú only affect the letters above.
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Briathra aonsiollacha - Group 1 verbs Group 1 Regular verbs with one-syllable roots, i.e. bris, glan, caith, pioc, ól A séimhiú (h) is added when • asking a question in the past tense • giving a positive answer in the past tense • giving a negative answer in all tenses An urú is added (b>mb, c>gc, d>nd, f>bhf, g>ng, p>bp, t>dt.) when • asking a question in the present and future tenses
Verb Endings The verb endings change according to tense used and whether the last vowel is either slender (i,e,í,é) or broad (a,o,u,á,ó,ú) ...(e)ann is added in the present tense • bris - briseann • dún – dúnann
if the final vowel in the verb is slender the verb takes a slender ending. if the final vowel in the verb is broad the verb takes a broad ending.
...f(a)idh is added in the future tense • caith - caithfidh • glan – glanfaidh
if the final vowel in the verb is slender the verb takes a slender ending. if the final vowel in the verb is broad the verb takes a broad ending.
Indirect speech Past tense: gur + (h) / nár + (h)
Dúirt sé gur chaith / dúirt sé nár chaith
Present tense: go + urú / nach + urú
Dúirt sé go gcaitheann / dúirt se nach gcaitheann
Future tense: go + urú / nach + urú
Dúirt sé go gcaithfidh / dúirt sé nach gcaithfidh
These points may initially seem daunting but will become second nature after successfully completing the tasks and exercises.
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Briathra aonsiollacha - Group 1 verbs AbairLeat! concentrates on a selection of 20 group 1 verbs (verbs with one-syllable root).It deals comprehensively with their usage in simple conversation in the past/ present and future tenses. The verbs are grouped into 4 units of five verbs with each unit having 8 associated tasks.
Béic
Ar bhéic tú ? An mbéiceann tú? An mbéicfidh tú?
Bhéic mé / Níor bhéic mé. Béicim / Ní bhéicim. Béicfidh mé / Ní bhéicfidh mé.
Blais
Ar bhlais tú ? An mbaiseann tú? An mblaisfidh tú?
Bhlais mé / Níor bhlais mé. Blaisim / Ní bhlaisim. Blaisfidh mé / Ní bhlaisfidh mé.
Brúigh
Ar bhrúigh tú ? An mbrúnn tú? An mbrúfaidh tú?
Bhúigh mé / Níor bhrúigh mé. Brúnn / Ní bhrúnn. Brúfaidh mé / Ní bhrúfaidh mé.
Caith Ar chaith tú ? An gcaitheann tú? An gcaithfidh tú?
Chaith mé / Níor chaith mé. Caithim / Ní chaithim. Caithfidh mé / Ní chaithfidh mé.
Caoin Ar chaoin tú ? An gcaoineann tú? An gcaoinfidh tú?
Chaoin mé / Níor chaoin mé. Caoinim / Ní chaoinim. Caoinfidh mé / Ní chaoinfidh mé.
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Briathra ilsiollacha - Group 2 verbs Group 2
- (regular) verbswith roots of more than one-syllable, i.e. bailigh, ceangail, dúisigh, foghlaim, tosaigh. A séimhiú (h) is added when • asking a question in the past tense • giving a positive answer in the past tense • giving a negative answer in all tenses
An urú is added (b>mb, c>gc, d>nd, f>bhf, g> ng, p> bp, t > dt) when • asking a question in the present and future tense
Verb Endings The verb endings change according to tense used and whether the last vowel is either slender (i,e,í,é) or broad (a,o,u,á,ó,ú) ...(a)íonn is added in the present tense • deisigh - deisíonn if the final vowel in the verb is slender the verb takes a slender ending. • ceannaigh - ceannaíonn if the final vowel in the verb is broad the verb takes a broad ending. ....óidh / ... eoidh is added in the future tense • inis - inseoidh if the final vowel in the verb is slender the verb takes a slender ending. • breathnaigh – breathnóidh if the final vowel in the verb is broad the verb takes a broad ending.
Indirect speech Past tense: gur + h / nár + h
Dúirt sé gur cheannaigh / dúirt sé nár cheannaigh
Present tense: go + urú / nach + urú
Dúirt sé go gceannaíonn / dúirt se nach gceannaíonn
Future tense: go + urú / nach + urú
Dúirt sé go gceannóidh / dúirt sé nach gceannóidh
These points may initially seem daunting but will become second nature after successfully completing the tasks and exercises.
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Briathra ilsiollacha - Group 2 verbs AbairLeat! concentrates on a selection of 20 group 2 verbs It deals comprehensively with their usage in simple conversation in the past/present and future tenses.The verbs are grouped into 4 units of five verbs with each unit having 8 associated tasks.
Bailigh Ar bhailigh tú ? Bhailigh mé / Níor bhailigh mé. An mbailíonn tú? Bailíonn mé / Ní bhailíonn mé. An mbaileoidh tú? Baileoidh mé / Ní bhaileoidh mé.
Ceangail Ar cheangal tú ? Cheangal / Níor cheangal. An gceanglaíonn tú? Ceanglaíonn / Ní cheanglaíonn. An gceanglóidh tú? Ceanglóidh / Ní cheanglóidh.
Dúisigh Ar dhúisigh tú ? An ndúisíonn tú? An ndúiseoidh tú?
Dhúisigh / Níor dhúisigh. Dúisíonn / Ní dhúisíonn. Dúiseoidh / Ní dhúiseoidh .
Foghlaim Ar fhoghlaim tú ? D’fhoghlaim / Níor fhoghlaim. An bhfoghlaimíonn? Foghlaimíonn / Ní fhoghlaimíonn. An bhfoghlaimeoidh? Foghlaimeoidh / Ní fhoghlaimeoidh.
Tosaigh Ar thosaigh tú ? An dtosaíonn tú? An dtosóidh tú?
Thosaigh mé / Níor thosaigh. Tosaíonn / Ní thosaíonn. Tosóidh / Ní thosóidh.
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Tá & Is - two ways of expressing the English verb “to be”. Tá is used to associate a noun with an adjective – Tá an teach mór Tá is the positive present tense form of the irregular verb “Bí” (to be) The positive answer “Tá” applies only as an answer to the question “An bhfuil .....?” – it translates as “I am” or “it is”. Tá = ‘I am’ or ‘It is’
Tá = Yes
Níl is the negative present tense form of the irregular verb “Bí” (to be) The negative answer “Níl” applies only as an answer to the question “An bhfuil .....?” – it translates as “I’m not” or “It’s not”. Níl = ‘I’m not or ‘It’s not’
Níl = No
The verb tá is used to describe actions, conditions, locations and emotions
Chun gníomhartha a chur in iúl - Actions: An bhfuil tú ag éisteacht? - Tá / Níl mé ....... An bhfuil tú ag dul amach? - Tá / Níl mé ....... An bhfuil tú ag smaoineamh? - Tá / Níl mé .......
Chun staideanna a chur in iúl - Conditions: An bhfuil sé ag báisteach? - Tá / Níl sé ....... An bhfuil an praghas ceart? - Tá / Níl sé ....... An bhfuil an cúrsa go maith? - Tá / Níl sé .......
Chun suímh a chur in iúl - Locations An bhfuil sé ann? - Tá / Níl sé ....... An bhfuil sé thuas? - Tá / Níl sé ....... An bhfuil sé ag an scoil? - Tá / Níl sé .......
Chun mothúcháin a chur in iúl - Emotions: An bhfuil ocras ort? - Tá / Níl ocras orm. An bhfuil tart ort? - Tá / Níl tart orm. An bhfuil tuirse ort? - Tá / Níl tuirse orm.
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Tá & Is - two ways of expressing the English verb “to be”. Here are some common idiomatic phrases that use the verb An bhfuil tú in ann ....? An bhfuil a fhios agat ....?
Tá / Níl
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil tú réidh?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil tú cinnte faoi? An bhfuil tú sásta leis?
Tá / Níl Tá / Níl
An bhfuil tú ag dul ann?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil tú ag teacht abhaile?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil tú ag iarraidh ceann?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil tú ceart go leor?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil sé ag báisteach ?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil tú i ndáiríre ?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil tú in ainm é a dhéanamh?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil tú ar tí imeacht?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil tú i do sheasamh?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil sé ina shuí?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil sé ina chodladh?
Tá / Níl
An bhfuil sé ina dhúiseacht?
Tá / Níl
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Tá & Is - two ways of expressing the English verb “to be”. The copula “Is” is not quite a complete verb. It is used to identify / define things, to associate one thing with another thing. An múinteoir é?
Is he a teacher?
Is / Ní múinteoir é.
He is / isn’t a teacher.
An cóta atá ann? Is it a coat?
Is / Ní cóta atá ann. It is / isn’t a coat.
An lá breá é?
Is / Ní lá breá é.
Is it a fine day?
It is / isn’t a fine day
Questions constructed with the copula can be answered with Is ea (‘sea) or Ní hea. ‘Sea translates as “It is” not “Yes”. Ní hea translates as “It isn’t” not “No”. ‘Sea = ‘It is’
‘Sea = Yes
Ní hea = ‘It’s not’
Ní hea = No
Céard é? Céard atá ann? An madra é? An leon atá ann?
Is leon é. Is leon atá ann. Ní hea. Ní madra é, is leon é. Is ea (‘sea*). Is leon atá ann.
Céard iad? Céard iad seo? An fataí iad? An cnónna iad?
Is cnónna iad. Is cnónna iad. Ní hea. Ní fataí iad, is cnónna iad. Is ea (‘sea*) is cnónna iad.
An garda é? Céard é fhéin? An múínteoir é? An garda é?
Is garda é Is garda é. Ní hea. Ní múinteoir é, is garda é. Is ea (‘sea*), is garda é.
Céard é fhéin? Is Sasanach é. Cé as é? Is as Sasana é. An Francach é? Ní hea. Ní Francach é, is Sasanach é. An Sasanach é? Is ea (‘sea*), is Sasanach é. 66
Tá & Is - two ways of expressing the English verb “to be”. Here are some common idiomatic phrases that use the verb An maith leat …. ?
Is / Ní maith liom ….
An cuimhin leat …. ?
Is / Ní cuimhin liom ….
An fearr leat …. ?
Is / Ní fearr liom ….
An féidir leat …. ?
Is / Ní féidir liom ….
An cuma leat …. ?
Is / Ní cuma liom ….
An miste leat …. ?
Is / Ní miste liom ….
An mian leat …. ?
Is / Ní mian liom ….
An dóigh leat …. ?
Is / Ní dóigh liom ….
An breá leat …. ?
Is / Ní breá liom ….
An fada leat …. ?
Is / Ní fada liom ….
An eol d(h)uit*…….
Is / Ní heol d(h)om ……
An fiú d(h)uit*…….
Is / Ní fiú d(h)om ……
Nach fíor d(h)uit*……. Is / Ní fíor d(h)om …… Nach méanar d(h)uit*…
An ea? (Ab ea?*)
An é sin é? (Ab ‘in é?*)
Is / Ní méanar d(h)om ……
Is ea (‘Sea*) / Ní hea Sin é / Ní shin é
An iad sin iad? (Ab ‘in iad?*) Sin iad (‘siad*) / Ní shin iad (Ní hiad). An é seo é? ( Ab ‘eod é?*)
Seo é é ( ‘s ‘eod é*) Ní hé seo é (Ní h’eod é*)
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
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Briathra mírialta – Group 3 verbs – Irregular verbs Gaeilge has 11 irregular verbs. Abair, beir, bí, clois, déan, faigh, feic, ith, tabhair, tar, téigh. They also happen to be the most commonly used verbs so they cannot be ignored. The verbs are irregular because different roots are used to form different tenses
Clois
chuala
cloiseann
cloisfidh
Feic
chonaic
feiceann
feicfidh
Abair
dúirt
deireann
déarfaidh
Beir
rug
beireann
béarfaidh
Bí
bhí
tá / bíonn
beidh
Téigh
chuaigh
téann
rachaidh
Tar
tháinig
tagann
tiocfaidh
Dean
rinne
déanann
déanfaidh
Faigh
fuair
faigheann
gheobhaidh
Ith
d’ith
itheann
íosfaidh
Tabhair
thug
tugann
tabharfaidh
Some irregular verbs have completely different positive and negative forms These need special attention as they are commonly used in conversation.
In the past tense: Bí: Déan: Feic: Téigh:
An raibh ...? An ndearna ....? An bhfaca...? An ndeachaigh...?
Bhí / Ní raibh Rinne / Ní dhearna Chonaic / Ní fhaca Chuaigh / Ní dheachaigh
In the present tense: Bí:
An bhfuil ...?
Tá / Níl
In the future tense: Faigh:
An bhfaighidh ....?
Gheobhaidh / Ní bhfaighidh
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Briathra mírialta – Group 3 verbs – Irregular verbs
* San aimsir chaite úsáidtear An in áit Ar and Ní in áit Níor. NB** Tá foirm dhifriúil dhearfach agus dhiúltach ag an mbriathar san aimsir seo. NB
An raibh tú?* An bhfuil tú? An mbíonn tú? An mbeidh tú?
Bhí mé. / Ní raibh mé.** Tá mé. / Níl mé. Bíonn mé. / Ní bhíonn mé. Beidh mé. / Ní bheidh mé.
Ar chuala tú? Chuala mé. / Níor chuala mé. An gcloiseann tú? Cloisim. / Ní chloisim. An gcloisfidh tú? Cloisfidh mé. / Ní chloisfidh mé.
An bhfaca tú?* Chonaic mé. / Ní fhaca mé.** An bhfeiceann tú? Feicim. / Níl fheicim. An bhfeicfidh tú? Feicfidh mé. / Ní fheicfidh mé.
The Diabhailíní Beaga characters outline the irregular verbs, one at a time. One character represents the positive answer while another represents the negative answer.
Téigh amach - téigí amach An ndeachaigh * ? Chuaigh / Ní dheachaigh .**
An dtéann ? téann / ní théann An rachaidh ? rachaidh / ní rachaidh
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Lá i nGaillimh le Deasún. Learn the irregular verbs by following the storyboard of Des’s day out in Galway.
Clois Bí
Ar chuala / An gcloiseann / An gcloisfidh ? An raibh / an bhfuil / An mbíonn / An mbeidh?
Beir
Ar rug / An mbeireann / An mbéarfaidh?
Tar
Ar tháinig / An dtagann / An dtiocfaidh?
Feic
An bhfaca / An bhfeiceann / An bhfeicfidh?
Faigh
An bhfuair / An bhfaigheann / An bhfaighidh?
Téigh
An ndeachaigh / An dtéann / An rachaidh?
Tabhair
Ar thug / An dtugann / An dtabharfaidh?
Abair
An ndúirt / An ndeireann / An ndéarfaidh?
Ith Déan
Ar ith / An itheann / An íosfaidh? An ndearna / An ndéanann / An ndéanfaidh? 70
Briathra mírialta – Group 3 verbs – Irregular verbs
Clois
Chuala / cloiseann / cloisfidh sé tuar na haimsire.
Bí
Bhí / tá / bíonn / beidh báisteach geallta.
Beir
Rug / beireann / béarfaidh sé ar a chóta
Tar
Tháinig / tagann / tiocfaidh sé go Gaillimh ar an mbus
Feic
Chonaic / feiceann / feicfidh sé leabhar sa leabharlann
Faigh
Fuair / faigheann / gheobhaidh sé ar iasacht é.
Téigh
Chuaigh / téann / rachaidh sé chuig an mbialann.
Tabhair
Thug / tugann / tabharfaidh an freastalaí píotsa dó.
Abair
Dúirt / deireann / déarfaidh sé gur breá leis píotsa.
Ith Déan
D’ith / itheann / íosfaidh sé chuile phioc de. Rinne / déanann / déanfaidh sé a chuid oibre. 71
Briathra mírialta – Irregular verbs - common phrases Many phrases / sayings incorporate irregular verbs in their construction. The most common phrases that incorporate the irregular verbs Déan, Tabhair, Téigh, agus Tar are thoroughly dealt with using a number of associated tasks.
Nathanna - DÉAN forgetting boasting attempting
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Ag déanamh dearmaid Ag déanamh gaisce Ag déanamh iarrachta
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Ag déanamh iontais Ag déanamh aithrí Ag déanamh aithrise
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Ag déanamh amhlaidh Ag déanamh an diabhail Ag déanamh beagáin de
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Ag déanamh neamhairde de Ag déanamh comhbhróin Ag déanamh dochair
wondering repenting imitating acting accordingly making mischief belittling
ignoring commiserating damaging
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Praiseach a dhéanamh Rogha a dhéanamh Cinneadh a dhéanamh
make a mess choose make a decision
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Casaoid a dhéanamh Gar a dhéanamh Do dhícheall a dhéanamh
complain do a favour do your best
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Modh Coinníollach – Conditional tense Learning to use the conditional tense is very straightforward and doesn’t deserve the bad press it has received.
Neither ‘Mé’ nor ‘tú’ are used in the conditional. Instead they are integrated into the verb. ‘An’(+ urú) is used to ask a question Positive answers take a séimhiú or d’ (as in the past tense) and ‘Ní’ (+ séimhiú) is used in the negative.
Group 1 verbs Verb endings ...fainn/-finn are used instead of “mé” and ...fá/-feá are used instead of “tú”
An dtabharfá cúnamh? An íosfá plaic? An ndéarfá sin? An gceapfá go bhfuil? An ndéanfá gar dom? An dtiocfá ar ais? An ólfá braon? An gcaithfeá go leor? An bhfágfá in am? An mbeifeá sásta?
Thabharfainn D’íosfainn Déarfainn Cheapfainn Dhéanfainn Thiocfainn D’ólfainn Chaithfinn D’fhágfainn Bheinn
Ní thabharfainn Ní íosfainn Ní déarfainn Ní cheapfainn Ní dhéanfainn Ní Thiocfainn Ní ólfainn Ní chaithfinn Ní fhágfainn Ní bheinn
Group 2 verbs Verb endings ....óinn/-eóinn are used instead of “mé” and ...ófá/-eofá are used instead of “tú”
An inseofá an fhírinne? An gceannófá mórán? An imreofá cluiche? An bhfoghlaimeofá? An osclófá an fhuinneog?
D’inseoinn Cheannóinn D’imreoinn D’fhoghlaimeoinn D’osclóinn
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Ní inseoinn Ní cheannóinn Ní imreoinn Ní fhoghlaimeoinn Ní osclóinn
An tAinm Briathra (Verbal noun) The verbal noun is used to refer to a continuous or progressive action eg eating, talking, writing. Verbal nouns end in -ing in English. Verbal nouns cannot be followed by the pronouns mé, tú, é, í, muid, sibh, iad. This difference in word order needs to be carefully noted by English speakers. Tá mé á rá
I’m saying it .
Tá mé ag rá é
This construction is very frequently used in speech. The ‘it’ in question is always the masculine singular form (and so a séimhiú is added):
á+h
....ing it / him
á (gan séimhiú)
....ing her
Doing it
á dhéanamh
ag déanamh é
Cleaning it
á ghlanadh
ag glanadh é
Walking it
á shiúl
ag siúl é
Kissing it (him)
á phógadh
ag pógadh é
á pógadh (kissing her)
Answering it (him)
á fhreagairt
ag freagairt é
á freagairt (answering her)
Pushing it (him)
á bhrú
ag brú é
á brú (pushing her)
Praising it (him)
á mholadh
ag moladh é
á moladh (praising her)
....ing me / you
do (gu*) mo / do (gu*) do
Knocking me Pulling you
do (gu*) mo leagadh do (gu*) do tharraingt
ag leagadh mé ag tarraingt tú
Blinding me Bringing you
do( gu*) mo chaochadh do (gu*) do thabhairt
ag caochadh mé ag tabhairt tú
Paying me Ordering you
do (gu*) m’íoc do (gu*) d’ordú
ag íoc mé ag ordú tú
Annoying me Inticing you
do (gu*) mo chrá do (gu*) do mhealladh
ag crá mé ag mealladh tú
In Conamara “do mo” is pronounced as “gu* mo” and “do do” is pronounced as “ gu *do” * Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
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An tAinm Briathra (Verbal noun)
Tá sé á scrúdú.
Tá sé á shábháilt
Tá sí á bholú.
Tá an x-ray á scrúdú aige.
Tá an pheil á sábháilt aige.
Tá an bláth á bholú aici.
Tá sí á mheascadh
Tá sí á bhualadh.
Tá sé á pógadh
Tá an cáca á mheascadh aici.
Tá sí do (gu*) mo bhualadh. Ta sí do (gu*) do bhualadh.
Tá sé do (gu*) mo phógadh Tá sé do (gu*) do phógadh
Tá siad á leanacht
Tá sé á bhrú.
Tá sé á bhodhrú.
Tá siad do (gu*) mo leanacht Tá siad do (gu*) do leanacht.
Tá sé do (gu*) mo bhrú Tá sé do (gu*) do bhrú
Tá tú do (gu*) mo bhodhrú Tá mé do (gu*) do bhodhrú
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Má if
- A séimhiú is added to the verb after má
Má is used in the past and present tenses. Má cheannaím : An dtiocfaidh tú liom má cheannaím ticeád dhuit? Má thugann : Gabhfaidh mé in éineacht leat má thugann mo mháthair cead dom. Má bhíonn : Beidh ócáid iontach ann má bhíonn an lá go breá. Má bhí : Bhí, má bhí! Má chonaic : Ní dúirt tú tada liomsa faoi má chonaic tú é. Má cheannaigh : Má cheannaigh sé ceann, bhí sé ar an t-aon duine a cheannaigh.
Má is not used with the future tense. Instead, the present tense is used: Má thagann sé amárach – if he comes tomorrow Beidh chuile dhuine sásta má thagann an beart amárach. Má tharlaíonn sé an bhliain seo chugainn beidh muid réidh lena aghaidh. Má dhéanann tú an obair anocht beidh muid saor amárach.
“Má” combines with “is” to form “más”: Más maith leat! Rachaidh mé leat, más rud é go mbeidh tú ag dul ann. Beidh mé buíoch más féidir leat é a dhéanamh. Fanfaidh muid sa mbaile más fear leat é.
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Mura - if not / unless An urú is added to the verb. Mura gcuirim: Cuireann mo chairde glaoch orm mura gcuirim glaoch orthu. Mura gcuirfidh: Beidh tú fliuch mura gcuirfidh tú ort cóta. Mura gcuirfeadh: Thiocfadh an cat isteach mura gcuirfeadh sí glas ar an bhfuinneog.
Mura ndéanann: Bíonn sé déanach don rang mura ndéanann sé deifir. Mura ndéanfaidh: Beidh sé déanach don rang mura ndéanfaidh sé deifir. Mura ndéanfadh: Bheadh sé déanach don rang mura ndéanfadh sé deifir.
Murar - Past Tense - A séimhiú is added to the verb after murar Murar chuir: Beidh sí briste murar chuir sí airgead sa chuntas. Murar fhág: Beidh sí déanach murar fhág sí in am. Murar ith: Beidh ocras uirthi murar ith sí béile.
Exceptions - Mura is used in the past tense for the following irregular verbs téigh / déan / feic / bí / faigh / abair.
bí - mura raibh faigh – mura bhfuair abair – mura ndúirt
téigh – mura ndeachaigh déan - mura ndearna feic - mura bhfaca
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SULA before
-
An urú is added to the verb after sula
Sula gcuireann : Ním an cupán sula gcuireann mé/ gcuirim sa chófra é. Sula gcuirfidh : Nífidh mé an cupán sula gcuirfidh mé sa chófra é. Sula gcuirfeadh : Nífinn an cupán sula gcuirfeadh mé/gcuirfinn sa chófra é.
Sula ndéanann : Itheann sé a dhinnéar sula ndéanann sé an obair bhaile. Sula ndéanfaidh : Íosfaidh sé a dhinnéar sula ndéanfaidh sé an obair bhaile. Sula ndéanfadh: D’íosfadh sé a dhinnéar sula ndéanfadh sé an obair bhaile.
Sular - Past Tense - A séimhiú is added to the verb Sular cheannaigh: Bhain sé triail as sular cheannaigh sé é. Sular thrasnaigh: Bhreathnaigh sé soir agus siar an bóthar sular thrasnaigh sé é. Sular shuigh: Rinne sé a chuid oibre sular shuigh sé síos.
Exceptions - Sula is used in the past tense for the following irregular verbs téigh / déan / feic / bí / faigh / abair.
téigh - sula ndeachaigh déan - sula ndearna feic - sula bhfaca
bí - sula raibh faigh - sula bhfuair abair - sula ndúirt.
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CHIT CHAT The key to becoming a confident Irish-language speaker lies in your ability to engage in basic everyday dialogue. Developing a habit of partaking in casual informal conversations as Gaeilge is central to building up confidence and in bonding with the language.
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This is a fun part of language learning as it requires social interaction with other learners. As the majority of brief casual conversations are restricted to generalities it is possible to conduct them predominantly as Gaeilge if you have the necessary dialogue that is used in everyday chit chat. This section focuses on common sayings, greetings, and questions that are most frequently used in general everyday dialogue. Getting into the habit of incorporating basic Gaeilge into your daily encounter with fellow learners is only a matter of practice. AbairLeat’s role is to coordinate the delivery of learning materials and outlining concise step by step direction on how to engage with them online. However, there is no substitute to using the language in meaningful interaction in real life situations. Willingness to communicate as Gaeilge with each other is the single most important requirement for learners.
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Leaganacha coitianta 1 - Common everyday phrases 1 A challenging aspect of learning a language is moving from the book or Internet to the real-life situations and interacting with others. The following phrases and interjections can be useful as icebreakers to begin a conversation and to indicate that you are able and willing to speak Gaeilge.
Thaitin sé go mór liom I liked it/him very much I succeeded D’éirigh liom Go n-éirí leat! Good luck! Tabhair dom (toram*) é Abair leat! Abair amach é!
Give it to me Say it! Out with it!
Fág mé! Ceist agam ort Ní dóigh liom é
Let me alone! A quick question I don’t think so
Céard a cheapann tú faoi? Cén t-am é? Feicfidh mé ar ball thú.
What do you think/make of it? What time is it? I’ll see you later.
Airím uaim mo chairde A Mhaighdean! Go bhfóire Dia orainn!
I miss my friends Holy Mary! Oh my God! God help us!
Go sábhála Dia sinn! God save us! Tabhair dom (toram) ceann! Give me one An bhfuil tú ag iarraidh ceann? Do you want one?
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An bhfuil ........? Are you .../ do you .... / is it ..... ? The following are some very common questions which are used in everyday settings. Although each starts with “An bhfuil...?”, note the numerous meanings which this verb can carry
An bhfuil tuilleadh aráin uait? An bhfuil do dhóthain agat? An bhfuil cúnamh uait?
Do you want more bread? Have you enough? Do you need help?
An bhfuil a fhios agat? An bhfuil tú in ann é a dhéanamh? An bhfuil tú réidh?
Do you know? Are you able to do it? Are you ready?
An bhfuil tú cinnte faoi sin? An bhfuil tú ceart go leor? An bhfuil tú ag iarraidh ceann?
Are you sure about that? Are you alright? Do you want one?
An bhfuil tú ag éisteacht liom? An bhfuil tú ag smaoineamh faoi? An bhfuil tú i ndáiríre?
Are you listening? Are you thinking? Are you serious?
An bhfuil tú sásta? An bhfuil tú ag dul ann? An bhfuil tú ag obair? An bhfuil tú ag imirt? An bhfuil tú ag magadh fúm? An bhfuil tú as do chiall?
Are you pleased? Are you going there? Are you working?
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Are you playing? Are you joking me? Are you out of your mind?
Leaganacha coitianta 2 - Common everyday phrases 2 This lesson presents another 18 widely used phrases, interjections. Including them in your general conversation makes learning Gaeilge much more engaging and will add a great deal to your level of fluency
Fág seo! Déan deifir. Tóg d’am! Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il) do dheifir? Éirigh as! Éirigh as an tseafóid!
Come on! Hurry up! Take your time! Where is your hurry? Give it up / Stop it! Don’t be silly!
Fág an bealach! / Fan as an mbealach! Stay out of the way! Gabh i leith anseo! Come over here! Téigh i dtigh diabhail! Go to hell! Lean ort! Ar aghaidh leat! Bailigh leat / gread leat!
Keep going! Go ahead! Get lost! / Clear off!
Cé mhéad atá air? Céard a chosnaíonn sé? Is mise an chéad duine eile.
How much is it? How much does it cost? I’m next!
Cá bhfuil tú ag dul? Fan nóiméad! Oíche mhaith, codladh sámh!
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Where are you going? Wait a minute! Good night, sleep well!
Cé leis? Cé ag?
Cé do?
Cé air?
Some more questions and answers that are essential for everyday conversations. These phrases use the prepositional pronouns which do not exist in many other languages, so becoming comfortable with phrases such as these indicates an increasing level of fluency.
An leatsa é seo? Cé leis é? Is liomsa é! Is linne é.
An agatsa atá sé? Cé aige a bhfuil sé? Is agamsa (a’msa) atá sé. Is againne atá sé.
An duitse é? Cé dó é? Is domsa é. Is dúinne é.
An ortsa atá an milleán? Cé air a bhfuil an milleán? Is ortsa atá an milleán. Is orainne atá an milleán.
Is this yours? Whose is it? It is mine! It is ours!
Have you got it? Who has it? I have it. We have it.
Is it for you? Who is it for? It is for me. It is for us.
Are you to blame? Who is to blame? You are to blame. We are to blame.
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An chopail “Is” - Common uses of the copula On this page, examples are given of everyday phrases using the copula ‘is’. Again, these are common phrases used naturally in everyday dialogue.
An féidir leat é a dhéanamh? Is féidir liom é a dhéanamh. An féidir é a dhéanamh? Is féidir é a dhéanamh
Can you do it? I can do it. Can it be done? It can be done.
An fearr leat tae nó caifé? Is fearr liom tae. An cuimhin leat é? Is cuimhin liom go maith é.
Do you prefer tea to coffee? I prefer tea. Do you remember it? I remember it well.
Ní cuimhin liom ar chor ar bith é An maith leat é? Cinnte is maith liom é. Ní maith liom ar chor ar bith é.
I can’t remember it at all Do you like it? I sure do like it. I don’t like it at all.
An cuma leat faoi? Is cuma liom sa diabhal faoi. An miste leat é a dhéanamh? Diabhal miste liom é a dhéanamh.
Do you care about it? I couldn’t care less. Do you mind doing it? I wouldn’t mind in the least.
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Ceisteanna fút féin - About yourself One of the first things language learners learn is to introduce themselves and to be able to speak a little about who they are. This has the added advantage of opening communication with other learners or native speakers which allows you to practice what you learn.
Cén aois thú? Cé as thú? Cá gcónaíonn tú? Cá bhfuil tú i do chónaí?
What age are you? Where are you from? Where do you live? Where do you live?
Cé thusa? Cá dtéann tú ar scoil? Cén chaoi a dtéann tú ar scoil?
Who are you? Where do you go to school? How do you go to school?
An siúlann tú ar scoil? An gcasann tú uirlis cheoil? An dtaitníonn cócaireacht leat?
Do you walk to school? Do you play a musical instrument? Do you like cooking?
An léann tú mórán? An imríonn tú spórt? An maith leat a bheith ag caint as Gaeilge?
Do you read much/a lot? Do you play sport? Do you like speaking Gaeilge?
An dtéann tú ag rothaíocht go minic? Do you cycle often? An mbreathnaíonn tú ar TG4 riamh? Do you ever watch TG4? An éisteann tú le cláracha nuachta ar an Raidió?
An bhfuil tú in ann snámh? An dtaitníonn léitheoireacht leat? An ndéanann tú do dhícheall?
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Are you able to swim? Do you like to read? Do you try your best?
Ag casadh le daoine - Meeting people Asking questions is an essential part of communication in any language. On the following pages, examples are given of different ways to ask questions as Gaeilge
Cén chaoi (ce’ chaoi*) a bhfuil tú? How are you? Tá mé togha, go raibh maith agat (a’d*). I’m fine, thank you. Tá mé thar cionn, go raibh maith agat (a’d*). I am excellent, thank you. Cén chaoi (ce’ chaoi*) a bhfuil an chraic? Níl aon chaill uirthi.
How is the craic? Not bad! / Okay!
Aon scéal /Cén scéal agat (a’d*) ? Have you any news? Whats up? Diabhal scéal! Nothings up / No news /Devil a story! Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il*)tú ag dul (a ghoil’*)? An dtiocfaidh tú in éineacht liom?
Where are you going / off to? Will you come with me?
What’s on you? Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá*) ort? Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá*)cearr leat? What is wrong with you? What do you want? Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá*) uait? Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá*)tú a dhéanamh? What are you doing / up to? Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá*)ar siúl agat? What are you up to? Céard a tharla duit? Céard a cheapann tú faoi? Céard sa diabhal atá ort? Céard faoi?
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What happened to you? What do you think of it? What the devil is wrong with you? What about it / him?
Cén ...?
Cé ...... ? - More questions
More examples of questions, this time using cén and cé. On their own, they mean which and who respectively, but they can combine with other parts of speech to change their meaning, as seen below.
Cén ceann is fearr leat? Which one do you prefer? What time is it? Cén t-am é? Cén fáth a ndearna tú é? Why did you do it? Cén fáth a ndeachaigh tú ann? Why did you go there? When did it happen? Cén uair a tharla sé? Cén chaoi (ce’ chaoi*) ar tharla sé? How did it happen? Cén fáth ar tharla sé? Why did it happen?
Cé acu is mó? Cé mhéad ceann atá uait? Cé mhéad atá air?
Which (one) is the biggest? How many do you want? How much is it?
Cé hé mo dhuine? Cé hiad? Cé atá ann?
Who is your man? Who are they? Who is there?
Cé a dúirt é? Cé a rinne é? Cé a chonaic é?
Who said it? Who did it? Who saw it?
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6 Chás Tábhachtach - 6 special cases. There are six ocassions where vebs display a compleatly different form for a positive or a negative answer.. They are used very frequently and need to be given special attention by learners.
An bhfaca tú é? Chonaic mé é. Ní fhaca mé é.
Did you see him/ it? I saw him/ it. I didn’t see him/ it.
An ndeachaigh tú ann? Did you go there? Chuaigh mé ann. I went there. Ní dheachaigh mé ann. I didn’t go there. An ndearna tú é? Rinne mé é. Ní dhearna mé é.
Did you do it? I did it. I didn’t do it.
An raibh tú sásta? Bhí mé sásta. Ní raibh mé sásta.
Were you pleased? I was pleased. I was not pleased.
An bhfuil tú in ann feadaíl? Can you whistle? Tá mé in ann. I am able. Níl mé in ann. I am not able. An bhfaighidh tú litir? Gheobhaidh mé litir. Ní bhfaighidh mé litir.
Will you get/receive a letter? I will get/receive a letter. I won’t get a letter.
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Cén áit ? / Cén fáth? / Cén uair? / Cén chaoi? The where, why, when and how.
Cén áit ar tharla sé? /Cár tharla sé? Where did it happen? When did it happen? Cén uair a tharla sé? Cén fáth ar tharla sé? Why did it happen? How did it happen? Cén chaoi (ce’ chaoi*) ar tharla sé?
Cén chaoi (ce’ chaoi*) a ndeachaigh tú ann? How did you go there? How did you hear about it? Cén chaoi (ce’ chaoi*) ar chuala tú faoi? Cén chaoi (ce’ chaoi*) a ndearna tú é? How did you do it? Cén chaoi (ce’ chaoi*) a n-oibríonn sé? How does it work?
Cén fáth a ndeachaigh tú ann? Cén fáth a ndearna tú é? Cén fáth nár fhág tú? Cén fáth nach raibh tú ann?
Why did you go there? Why did you do it? Why did you not leave? Why were you not there?
Cá ndeachaigh tú aréir? Cá bhfaca tú é ? Cár chuala tú faoi? Cá ndearna tú é?
Where did you go last night? Where did you see him/it? Where did you hear about him/ it? Where did you do it?
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FRĂ SAĂ? Set phrases and figures of speech are a central component of any language. In this section focus is placed on common phrases as Gaeilge that are frequently used and heard.
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If you want your Gaeilge to sound natural, a good way to start is to work with authentic sentences. Set phrases and figures of speech are a central component of any language. In this section focus is placed on common phrases as Gaeilge that are frequently used and heard. Most set phrases, and especially figures of speech are unique to Gaeilge and cannot be translated literally. They are varied, some can be quite rude and can be a source of fun and amusement, as you make progress with your language learning. One highly recommended approach is to learn the new words as part of an entire phrase. If you want your Gaeilge to sound natural, a good way to start is to work with authentic sentences. This ensures that the Gaeilge you are learning is really used and not something just out of a textbook.
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Leaganacha Cainte (gan íomhánna) 1 AbairLeat! places great emphasis on the importance of figures of speech. A number of lessons each containing 18 themed collections of phrases are presented. All of these lessons have accompanying tasks with the view of thoroughly acquainting you with the content.
i ndeireadh na feide i ndeireadh na dála faoi dheireadh thiar
to be at the end of your tether in conclusion /at the end of the day at long last
droim ar ais bunoscionn bun ná barr
back to front upside down disorganized - pointless
aniar aduaidh unexpected / coming from the north west know how ciall cheannaithe tásc ná tuairisc without trace / sight nor light lá bog braonach gearr gonta gíog ná míog
a soft rainy day short and sweet without sound /as quiet as a mouse
de réir a chéile bit by bit de réir dealraimh seemingly de réir mar a chuala / tharla / dúirt according to what ....... idir mhagadh agus dáirire idir óg agus aosta idir dhá cheann na meá
to be serious for a moment everybody / both young and old it’s in the balance / touch and go
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Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 1
Ag déanamh an diabhail
Ag déanamh aithrise
Ag déanamh gaisce
Tá sé ag déanamh an diabhail ar an rothaí.
Tá na páistí ag déanamh aithrise ar shiúl an fhir.
Tá sé ag déanamh gaisce ar chomh láidir is atá sé.
Ar nós na gaoithe
Dallamullóg
Tá an marcach agus an capall ag imeacht ar nós na gaoithe.
Tá sí ag cur an dallamullóg ar an mbeirt acu.
Téigh i dtigh diabhail
I bhfostú
Idir óg agus aosta
In ainm a bheith
Tá an carr i bhfostú idir an dá bhus
Bhí idir óg agus aosta ag an gcóisir
Íomhá d’éadan Chríost atá in ainm a bheith sa Turin Shroud.
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Sin é a chiallaíonn an gheaitse seo.
Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 1
Is annamh
An bhfuil tú i ndáiríre?
Ag snámh in aghaidh easa
An bhfuil tú ag magadh fúm nó an bhfuil tú i ndáiríre faoi?
Níl sé éasca ag an mbradán snámh in aghaidh easa.
Go tobann
Ar tí
Gabh i Leith
Las an spéir go tobann le lasair tintrí.
Tá an liathróid ar tí titim isteach sa bpoll.
Gabh i leith anseo nóiméad- tá me ag iarraidh focal leat.
D’aon turas
Thar mholadh beirte
Fág an bealach
Is annamh a bhíonn cat agus luch cairdiúil
Is d’aon turas a chaith sé an t-uisce ar an bhfear
Níl obair na beirte seo thar mholadh beirte.
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Fágaigí an bealach tá muid ag teacht.
Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 2
Ar fhaitíos na bhfaitíos
Go deo na ndeor
I ndáiríre píre.
.... agus mairfidh siad go sona sásta lena chéile go deo na ndeor
Thug mo mhamaí cead dom - tá mé i ndáiríre píre faoi
Sáimhín só
Te teolaí
Fite fuaite
Tá an chuma ar an mbéirín beag go bhfuil sé ar a sháimhín só.
Tá cuma te teolaí ar an mbeirt saighdiúirí
Bhí an fear fite fuaite sa suíochán mar gur theastaigh uaidh a bheith i bhfolach.
Mór millteach
Beag bídeach
Docht daingean
Tá an t-iasc seo mór millteach
Is ainmhí beag bídeach é an luch.
Tá an rópa ceangailte go docht daingean timpeall a riostaí.
Chlúdaigh an póilín baill phríobháideacha an fhir ar fhaitíos na bhfaitíos go bhfeicfí iad.
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Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 2
Rí rá agus ruaille buaille Bhí rí rá agus ruaille buaille ar na sráideanna le linn na hagóide
Ceannann céanna Tá an gúna ceannann céanna á gcaitheamh acu.
Beo bocht
Clú agus cáil
Tá na céadta milliún duine san triú domhan beo bocht
Tá clú agus cáil ar Einstein ar fud an domhain
Ar mhuin muice
Rogha agus togha
na
Ní ar chapall atá an marcach seo ach ar mhuin na muice.
Anois ‘s arís
Fial flaithiúil
Bíonn an bhanríon í féin ag piocadh a sróine anois is arís
Caitheann scoláirí a gcuid airgid go fial flaithiúil i Siopa GOAL.
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Bhí rogha agus togha an bheatha ar fáil ag an bhféasta
Ní mar a síltear a bítear
Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 3
Go bhfóire Dia orainn!
Ag cur as (dom)
Ar bís
Bhí an fear ag cur as don chailín.
Bhí sí ar bís tar éis di an rás a bhuachaint
Fiosrach
I sáinn / i bponc
Tá sí chomh fiosrach, agus tá sí sách dána chomh maith.
Tá an racoon seo i bponc / i sáinn. Níl in ndán dó ach titim san uisce.
Éirigh as sin Leag as sin
I bhfolach
In áireach a chéile
Go bhfóire Dia orainn ! - ní chreidim é.
Ní bealach an-chliste é seo dul i bhfolach.
Tá na himreoirí in áireach a chéile.
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Éirigh as sin, níl cead lámh a leagan ar na deilbh.
Breathnaigh air sin – a’ bhfaca tú é sin Breathnaigh air sin a réiteoir! – a’ bhfaca tú é?
Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 3
I ndán
In ann
Mór lena chéile
Creideann daoine gur féidir a bhfuil i ndán dóibh a léamh ó bhos na láimhe.
An bhfuil tú in ann é seo a dhéanamh le do theanga?
Tá siad an-mhór lena chéile.
Is mise an chéad duine eile
Bunoscionn
Seachain (tú féin) / fainic
Is mise an chead duine eile sa scuaine
Tá an fear bunoscionn.
Seachain tú féin ar an mada (leon) seo.
Tá scaill air
De ló is d’óiche
Ag caochadh súl
Tá scaill ar an bhfear seo.
Ceithre uaire fichead, seacht lá na seachtaine - bíonn gardaí i mbun oibre de ló is d’oíche.
Tá sé ag caochadh súl orm.
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Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 4
Faraor nach / nár
Is ar éigean
Faraor nach bhfaca an réiteoir an feall seo (Thierry Henry)
Is ar éigean a bhí sé in am don bhus
Fág seo / fágaigí seo
As lámha a chéile
Faoi chois
Gan aon stró
Is fearr oibriú as lámha a chéile.
Tá an fear seo faoi chois ar chuile bhealach.
D’éirigh leis é a dhéanamh gan aon stró.
Fágaí seo – a bhuachaillí tá cluiche le buachaint againn.
I bhfoisceacht
De réir a chéile
Ag tnúth
Chuaigh an tarbh i bhfoisceacht cúpla orlach den cheamara.
Imíonn an ghealach as radharc de réir a chéile agus ansin tagann sé ar ais arís. (Le linn urú gealaí)
Bhí siad ag tnúth go mór le roinnt milseán a cheannach.
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Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 4
Ag fáil faoi réir Tá na reathaithe ag fáil faoi réir don rás.
Sa todhchaí Cá bhfios dúinn, cén teorainn luais a bheas ann sa todhchaí
Tabhair dom (Toram*) Tabhair dom (Toram*) síob, nílim ag iarraidh a bheith fliuch.
Ina phraiseach / ina chiseach
Ceann i ndiaidh a chéile
Óinseach
Tá an áit ina praiseach ag an bpáiste.
Ná déan é, a óinseach!
Thit na boscaí fóin uilig, ceann i ndiaidh a chéile.
Éirí in airde
Go drogallach
San airdeall
Tá éirí in airde orthu.
Is go drogallach atá an madra ag dul leis an bhfear.
Tá an t-éan airdeallach faoi na huibheacha
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Leaganacha Cainte (gan íomhánna) 3 Relating sayings to characters and people’s traits is common in Irish-language phrases. Here are some examples
Tadhg an dá thaobh. Tuigeann Tadhg Taidhgín. Gáire Sheáin dóite. Oisín i ndiaidh na Féinne Cothrom na Féinne Fáilte Uí Cheallaigh
Two faced Birds of a feather ironic laugh pining away the Fianna’s equality hearty welcome
Dúirt bean liom go ndúirt bean léi. hearsay Ná bac le mac an bhacaigh is ní bhacfaidh mac an bhacaigh leat. Ualach ghiolla na leisce. lazy man’s load Scéal chailleach an uafáis. doomsday scenario Roinnt na caillí mar is áil léi féin. Two for me - one for you Chomh sean leis an gcailleach Bhéara Old Woman (Hag) of Beare Lá Philib an Chleite. Beidh lá eile ag an bPaorach Mallacht Chromail.
The day of reckoning Live to fight another day Cromwell’s curse
Cuid Pháidín den mheacan. short end of the stick Bíodh an diabhal agat! damnation Níos Gaelaí ná na Gaeil gone native
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Leaganacha Cainte (gan íomhánna) 2 Most Irish –language sayings and expressions are unique to the language and cannot be translated literally.
In uair an ghátair in time of need nuair a thagann an crú ar an tairne when it comes to the test nuair a théann tú sa mbearna bhaoil heading towards danger Tá sé ina chíor thuathail Ta sé ina phraiseach / chiseach Ta sé ina chac.
topsy turvey / upside down in a mess it’s shite
ceann scríbe a bhaint amach an sprioc a aimsiú tá a chúrsa rite
to arrive at final destination to achieve the target it has run it’s course
uisce faoi thalamh caimiléireacht mí-ionracas / mímhacántacht
conspiracy crookedness dishonesty
cur i gcéill dallamullóg a chur ort an dubh a chur ina gheal
mislead / pretend pull the wool over your eyes to convince that black is white
Tá ag éirí thar barr/ thar cionn leis Tá sé faoi lán seoil Tá sé ar mhuin na muice.
He is getting on very well. well under way / in full swing He’s on the pig’s back.
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Ainmfhocail & Aidiachtaà All nouns in Gaeilge are either masculine or feminine. There are no neutral nouns. The gender of nouns is important. There are some rules of thumb which can help you decide whether a noun is masculine or feminine, but it’s a good idea to learn a new noun along with its gender.
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Gender of nouns is not always very logical – cailín (girl) is a masculine noun, stail (stallion) is feminine. In general, names of continents, countries, languages and rivers are mostly feminine. 1. Gaeilge has no indefinite article (a). Bord means ‘table’ or ‘a table’, while ‘cathaoir’ means ‘chair’ or ‘a chair’.
2. The definite article (the) has a singular and plural form an / na An bord na boird
-
the table the tables
an chathaoir - the chair na cathaoireacha - the chairs
3. Gaeilge doesn’t have a word for “it”: everything is either
é / í “he” or “she”
It’s (the weather) cold - Tá sí (an aimsir) fuar It’s (the day) cold . - Tá sé (an lá ) fuar. It’s a cat
- Is cat é
It’s a mouse – Is luch í.
4. The beginning of nouns can also change through either a séimhiú or an urú, depending on how the nouns are used. Definite Article The sound and spelling of a noun can change after an depending on the gender of the noun and whether it begins with a consonant / vowel or the letter s. Due to the changes that nouns can undergo in Gaeilge, it can be a little difficult to get used to at the beginning. This section aims to explain how nouns are used and what changes are needed, and this should help learners become more confident and comfortable using nouns in their everyday conversations.
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An tAlt - alt roimh ghuta. The definite article before vowels. Nouns beginning with a vowel “t-” is added to masculine nouns ainm
(a) name
an t-ainm
the name
aer
air
an t-aer
the air
amadán
(a) fool
an t-amadán
the fool
iontas
(a) wonder
an t-iontas
the wonder
ól
(a) drind
an t-ól
the drink
aois
(an) age
an aois
the age
uair
(a) time
an uair
the time
áit
(a) place
an áit
the place
an t-anraith
an ubh
an t-iasc
an abhainn
an t-anlann
an t-arán
an t-oileán
an t-uisce
an t-úll
an eochair
an aimsir
an t-éan
an t-eas
an obair
an t-urlár
an oíche
an t-asal
an oifig
an uimhir
an t-airgead
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An tAlt - alt roimh chonsain. The definite article before consonants. Nouns beginning with a consonant Masculine nouns beginning with a consonant remain unchanged after an buachaill
a boy
an buachaill
the boy
fear
a man
an fear
the man
teach
a house
an teach
the house
A séimhiú (h) is added to feminine nouns after an (only if possible – no séimhiú if the first letter is n for example). Exceptions are nouns beginning with the letters d or t bean
a woman
an bhean
the woman
maidin
a morning
an mhaidin
the morning
fiacail
a tooth
an fhiacail
the tooth
bliain
a year
an bhliain
the year
cloch
a stone
an chloch
the stone
Nouns beginning with the letters d or t remain unchanged tír
a country
an tír
the country
duais
a prize
an duais
the prize
an bhróg
an chathaoir
an fharraige
an ghealach
an fheadóg
an ghaoth
an chistin
an bháisteach
an fhuinneog
an bhrionglóid
an duilleog
an duais
an tír
an trá
an pháirc
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An tAlt - alt roimh S The definite article before S Masculine nouns beginning with the letter ‘s’ remain unchanged after an solas
a light
an solas
the light
siopa
a shop
an siopa
the shop
The letter t is placed before feminine nouns which beginning with: s+ vowel
sl+ vowel
sn+ vowel
sr+ vowel
súil
an eye
an tsúil
the eye
sráid
a street
an tsráid
the street
srón
a nose
an tsrón
the nose
slí
a way
an tslí
the way
síleáil
a ceiling
an tsíleáil
the ceiling
seilf
a shelf
an tseilf
the shelf
seafóid
nonsence
an tseafóid
the nonsence
saoirse
freedom
an tsaoirse
the freedom
seoid
a jewel
an tseoid
the jewel
an tsubh
an scoil
an staighre
an seomra
an tsnáthaid
an tSín
an tSeapáin
an siopa
an tslí
an tsúil
an spéir
an stoirm
an sliabh
an solas
an sreangán
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Urú roimh ainmfhocal An urú (eclipse in English) is when a letter related to the first letter of a word is put in front of the letter thus eclipsing the original sound and replacing it with a closely related sound. The table below shows how the relevant consonants may be eclipsed.
b > mb
ar an mbóthar , as an mbus , ón mbád
c > gc
leis an gcóta, faoin gcathaoir, chuig an gcathair
d > nd
seacht ndath, i ndáiríre,
f > bhf
tríd an bhfuinneog, ar an bhfoireann, thar an bhfarraige
g > ng
faoin ngrian, as an ngloine, i nGaillimh
p > bp
ar an bpointe, tríd an bpoll, chuig an bpictiúrlann
t > dt
ocht dteach, i dtimpiste, i dtrioblóid
Nouns beginning with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u,á,é,í,ó,ú) remain unchanged. An urú is placed on nouns beginning with a consonant (except d,t or s) following: ag an
at the
leis an
with the
ar an
on the
ón
from the
as an
out of the
roimh an
before the
chuig an
to the
thar an
over the
faoin
under the
tríd an
through the
faoin ...
tríd an...
pluid - faoin bpluid
bearna - tríd an mbearna
fuinneog -faoin bhfuinneog
pluais - tríd an bpluais
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Urú roimh ainmfhocal Ar an...
Leis an...
Ag an...
Capall - ar an gcapall
Fuacht - leis an bhfuacht
Páirc-spraoi - ag an bpáirc
Gruaig - ar an ngruaig
Faisean - leis an bhfaisean
Grian - ag an ngrian
ón ...
as an...
roimh an...
Clann - ón gclann
bosca - ..... as an mbosca
Cluiche - roimh an gcluiche
Gaeilge - .... ón nGaeilge
Coláiste - as an gColáiste
béile - roimh an mbeile
chuig an...
thar an...
Gealach - chuig an ngealach
Fiaclóir - chuig an bhfiaclóir
Balla - thar an mballa
Farraige - thar an bhfarraige
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Aidiachtaí Sealbhacha - Possessive Adjectives Possessive adjectives are used with nouns to indicate possession Nouns following possessive adjectives often undergo change There are two types of changes 1.
Lenition – séimhiú (h)
2. Eclipse – urú
Nouns beginning with consonants. my
mo +h
bhád – chóta – dhinnéar – phíosa - theach
your
do + h
bhád – chóta – dhinnéar – phíosa - theach
his
a+h
bhád – chóta – dhinnéar – phíosa - theach
her
a
bád – cóta – dinnéar – píosa - teach
our
ár + urú
mbád – gcóta – ndinnéar – bpíosa - dteach
your
bhur + urú
mbád – gcóta – ndinnéar – bpíosa - dteach
their
a + urú
mbád – gcóta – ndinnéar – bpíosa - dteach
Nouns beginning with vowels. my
mo > m’
m’aois – m’ainm – m’oíche – m’uimhir
your
do > d’
d’aois – d’ainm – d’oíche – d’uimhir
his
a
aois – ainm – oíche – uimhir
her
a+h
haois – hainm – hoíche – huimhir
our
ár + urú
n-aois – n-ainm – n-oíche – n-uimhir
your
bhur + urú
n-aois – n-ainm – n-oíche – n-uimhir
their
a + urú
n-aois – n-ainm – n-oíche – n-uimhir
Certain phrases use the possessive adjective along with the preposition Codladh – dúiseacht – suí – seasamh – luí – cónaí Tá mé i mo
+h
dhúiseacht – chónaí - sheasamh
Tá tú i do
+h
dhúiseacht – chónaí - sheasamh
Tá sé ina
+h
dhúiseacht – chónaí - sheasamh
Tá sí ina
dúiseacht – cónaí - seasamh
Tá muid inár
+ urú
ndúíseacht – gcónaí - seasamh
Tá sibh in bhur
+ urú
ndúíseacht – gcónaí - seasamh
Tá siad ina
+ urú
ndúíseacht – gcónaí - seasamh
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“i”.
Ag Comhaireamh Rudaí - Counting Objects Nouns that are being counted undergo change either by adding a seimhiú or an urú. The singular form of the noun is used in counting. Nouns beginning with a consonant: One is expressed as aon _______ amháin for example aon bhliain /cheann / dath / fhreagra amháin. A séimhiú is added to nouns following 2/3/4/5/6 An urú is added to nouns following 7/8/9/10
aon +h amháin
bhliain - cheist - dath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - teach - seomra
dhá + h
bhliain - cheist - dhath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - theach - sheomra
trí + h
bhliain - cheist - dhath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - theach - sheomra
ceithre + h
bhliain - cheist - dhath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - theach - sheomra
cúig + h
bhliain - cheist - dhath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - theach - sheomra
sé + h
bhliain - cheist - dhath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - theach - sheomra
seacht + urú
mbliain - gceist - ndath - bhfreagra - ngeansaí - mála -bpictiúr - dteach - seomra
ocht + urú
mbliain - gceist - ndath - bhfreagra - ngeansaí - mála -bpictiúr - dteach - seomra
naoi + urú
mbliain - gceist - ndath - bhfreagra - ngeansaí - mála -bpictiúr - dteach - seomra
deich + urú
mbliain - gceist - ndath - bhfreagra - ngeansaí - mála -bpictiúr - dteach - seomra
Nouns beginning with a vowel: nouns following 2/3/4/5/6 are unchanged An urú (n-) is placed before nouns following 7/8/9/10
aon ___ amháin ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir dhá
ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir
trí
ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir
ceithre
ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir
cúig
ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir
sé
ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir
seacht + n
n-ainm - n-éan - n-iasc - n-óstán - n-uimhir
ocht + n
n-ainm - n-éan - n-iasc - n-óstán - n-uimhir
naoi + n
n-ainm - n-éan - n-iasc - n-óstán - n-uimhir
deich + n
n-ainm - n-éan - n-iasc - n-óstán - n-uimhir
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An tuiseal ginideach - genitive case This is another prominent feature of Gaeilge which does not exist in many other languages. It relates to nouns and how they change in certain cases. The tuiseal ginideach is not optional when speaking Gaeilge as it must be used when required. There are many rules that govern An Tuiseal Ginideach which we need not go into at this stage. Some rules of thumb are:
Masculine nouns
Feminine nouns
preceded by ‘an’
‘an’ changes to ‘na’
a séimhiu is added to nouns beginning with a consonant
no séimhiú for nouns beginning with consonant
nouns beginning with a vowel remain unchanged
nouns beginning with vowel preceded by ‘h’
‘t’’ is added to nouns beginning with a ‘s’
nouns beginning with ‘s’ remain unchanged
noun ending may change
noun ending may change
Nouns following the prepositions chun, cois, timpeall, lár, bun, barr, tús, deireadh, and trasna are also placed in the genitive:
chun to
na Fraince
na páirce
an Fhrainc
an pháirc
na cistine
timpeall
an ghairdín
an chistin
around
an gairdín
na leabharlainne
na coille
an leabharlann
an choill
na farraige
na míosa
an fharraige
an mhí
bun / barr
an tsléibhe
tús / deireadh
an scéil
top / bottom
an sliabh
start / finish
an scéal
an foirgneamh
an tsamhraidh
an fhoirgnimh
an samhradh
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An tuiseal ginideach (genitive case) Nouns following compound prepositions (a simple preposition and a noun) are placed in the genitive case.
an tí
na bliana
an teach
an bhliain
ar aghaidh
an choláiste
ar feadh
an lae
opposite
an coláiste
during
an lá
na scoile
na seachtaine
an scoil
an tseachtain
na foirne
na báistí
an fhoireann
an bháisteach
i gcoinne
an bhalla
tar éis
an ranga
against
an balla
after
an rang
an chogaidh
na hoibre
an cogadh
an obair
na tine
na trá
an tine
an trá
os cionn
an dorais
in aice
an chrainn
above
an doras
near
an crann
na leapa
na cathrach
an leaba
an chathair
na tíre
na hócáide
an tír
an ócáid
ar fud
an tseomra
le haghaidh
an chraic
all over
an seomra
for
an craic
na háite
an dinnéir
an áit
an dinnéar
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An tuiseal ginideach (genitive case) Expressing quantity
go leor / beagán a lot of / a little of
rúinín / píoisín a little piece of
go leor, beagán, mórán, roinnt, tuilleadh, dóthain, neart etc ama
ime
an t-am
an t-im
airgid
tuilleadh / dóthain
an t-airgead
more / enough
aráin an t-arán
airde
suibhe
aird
an subh
cáise
céille
an cháis
an chiall
feola
an iomarca / easpa
an fheoil
to much / to little
codlata an codladh
seacláide
cainte
an tseacláid
an chaint
Nouns following the verbal noun:
ag treasnú crossing
na habhann
na cistine
an abhainn
an chistin
an bhóthair
ag scuabadh
an tseomra
an bóthar
sweeping
an seomra
na sráide
an urláir
an tsráid
an t-urlár
na feadóige
na fuinneoige
an fheadóg
an fhuinneog
ag séideadh
na tine
blowing
an tine
ag oscailt /dúnadh opening / closing
an dorais an doras
na póige
na scoile
an phóg
an scoil
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An tuiseal ginideach (genitive case) To indicate possession Hata
an fhir
Carr
an fear
Cóta
na mná
Fón
an bhean
Bróga
an chailín
Eochair
na máthar
Cathaoir an mhúinteora
Taobh
Mála
an dochtúra
na sráide an tsráid
Doras
an múinteoir
an buachaill
na hoifige an oifig
an mháthair
an cailín
Seaicéad an bhuachalla
an athar an t-athair
an tí an teach
Geataí
an dochtúír
na scoile an scoil
When two nouns come together in a sentence the second noun is usually presented in the genitive case. Teach
an asail
Raidió
an t-asal
Halla
na cathrach
na trá
Teilfís
Síochána
na Gaeilge
Mí
na Nollag
Bord
an tsíocháin
na Samhna
na móna an mhóin
Cathaoir rotha
Nollaig
Mí
an Uachtaráin an tUachtarán
an Ghaeilge
an trá
Garda
Áras
an Ghaeltacht
an chathair
Bóthar
na Gaeltachta
an roth
Bealach
Samhain
éalaithe an t-éalú
When two nouns come together in a sentence the second noun is usually presented in the genitive case. Cluain
Meala
Cathair
an mhil
Béal
Easa
Abhainn na Sionainne
an t-eas
Baile
Shligigh
na Gaillimhe Gaillimh
Cill Chainnigh Cainneach
Muir
an tSionainn
Dún
Sligeach
Contae
Luimnigh Luimneach
na Bóine
Cinn
an Bhóin
Contae
Átha Cliath Áth Cliath
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na hÉireann Éire
Mhara an mhuir
Áth
Fheirdia Feirdia
Aidiachtaí - Adjectives Nouns with adjectives Adjectives usually follow the noun in Gaeilge Adjectives following masculine nouns remain unchanged A séimhiú is added to adjectives following feminine nouns
Masculine noun + adjective
Feminine noun + adjective
an fear cliste
the clever man
an bhean chliste
the clever woman
an doras mór
the big door
an fhuinneog mhór
the big window
an cóta dearg
the red coat
an bhróg dhearg
the red shoe
an t-athair maith
the good father
an mháthair mhaith the good mother
“Níos” and “Is” are used to compare two nouns
Somtimes a different form of the djective is used after níos and is
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
láidir
níos láidre
is láidre
mór
níos mó
is mó
sciobtha
níos sciobtha is sciobtha
beag
níos lú
is lú
ard
níos airde
is airde
te
níos teo
is teo
fuar
níos fuaire
is fuaire
maith
níos fearr
is fearr
daor
níos daoire
is daoire
dona
níos measa
is measa
There are two constructions to express the comparative. Tá Seán níos airde ná Pádraic
Is airde Seán ná Pádraic
Tá tusa níos sine ná mise
Is sine tusa ná mise
Tá Meiriceá níos mó ná Sasana
Is mó Meiriceá ná Sasana
Tá traein níos sciobtha ná bus
Is sciobtha traein ná bus.
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Samhail The construction “chomh ...... le ......” is used to express “as ..... as a .......” Chomh salach le cró muice
As dirty as a pigsty
Chomh glan le huisce
As clean as water
Chomh mór le teach
As big as a house
Chomh beag le fríd
As small as a mite
Chomh sciobtha leis an ngaoth Mhárta As fast as the March winds Chomh mall le seilmide
As slow as a snail
Chomh te le tine
As hot as fire
Chomh fuar le sioc
As cold as frost
Chomh sabhair le Rí
As rich as a king
Chomh bocht le bacach sráide
As poor as a street beggar
These opposite pairs of adjectives ard / íseal, mór / beag, trom / éadrom, te / fuar, glan / salach, láidir / lag, sciobtha / mall, óg / sean, sabhair / bocht are presented online using the following format.
Cé chomh hard is atá sé?
Tá sé chomh hard leis an mballa
How tall is he / it?
He / it is as tall as the wall
Tá sioráf níos airde ná asal A giraffe is taller than a donkey
Cé acu is airde, sioráf nó asal? Which is taller, a giraffe or a donkey?
Is airde an sioráf The giraffe is tallest
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Treisiú Aidiachtaí - Emphasising adjectives Sách enough
an very
ró too
sách casta complicated enough sách díreach straight enough sách íseal low enough sách trom heavy enough
an-chasta very complicated an-díreach very straight an-íseal very low an-trom very heavy
róchasta too complicated ródhíreach too straight ró-íseal too low róthrom too heavy.
Mór
sách mór
an-mhór
rómhór
mór míllteach
Beag
sách beag
an-bheag
róbheag
beag bídeach
Maith
sách maith
an-mhaith
rómhaith
sármhaith
Te
sách te
an-te
róthe
te teolaí
Fuar
sách fuar
an-fhuar
rófhuar
Préachta fuar
Easca
sách éasca
an-éasca
ró-éasca
Éasca péasca
Sciobtha
sách sciobtha
an-sciobtha
rósciobtha
fíor-sciobtha
Mall
sách mall
an-mhall
rómhall
fíor-mhall
Gearr
sách gearr
an-ghearr
róghearr
gearr gonta
Fliuch
sách fliuch
an-fhliuch
rófhliuch
fliuch báite
Tuirseach
sách tuirseach
an-tuirseach
róthuirseach
fíor-thuirseach
Bocht
sách bocht
an-bhocht
róbhocht
beo bocht
Dáiríre
sách dáiríre
an-dáiríre
ródháiríre
dáiríre píre
Láidir
sách láidir
an-láidir
róláidir
fíor-láidir
Lag
sách lag
an-lag
rólag
fíor-lag
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Leathn煤 Focl贸ra Learning vocabulary is a very important part of learning a language. The more words you know, the more you will be able to understand what you hear and read; and the better you will be able to say what you want to when speaking or writing.
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Most learners find that they memorise words better if they do something with them. Learning vocabulary is a very important part of learning a language. The more words you know, the more you will be able to understand what you hear and read; and the better you will be able to say what you want to when speaking or writing. Learning Gaeilge means learning lots of new words. You’ll probably need at least 1,500 to 2,000 words to start feeling comfortable. Most learners find that they memorise words better if they do something with them, if they use them in a real and practical way, rather than simply learning a list of vocab. In this section each themed word group has an accompanying series of tasks to help place the new words into your active vocabulary. Research shows that it takes from 10 to 20 repetitions to really make a word part of your vocabulary.
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Gaolta - Family Tree Bríd Uí Bhriain
Seán Ó Briain
Aodhán Ó Briain
Pól Ó Briain
Siobhán Uí Bhriain
Tomás Ó Briain
Pól Ó Briain
Aoife Ní Bhriain
daideo mamó garmhac gariníon
athair máthair mac iníon
Niamh Ní Bhriain
Orflaith Uí Cheallaigh
Pádraic Ó Ceallaigh
Áine Ní Cheallaigh
Seosamh Ó Ceallaigh
deaide mama deartháir deirfiúr
Uncail Aintín nia neacht
fear céile bean chéile cliamhain banchliamhain
Is é (‘sé) Seán athair Aodháin agus is é (‘sé) Aodhán mac Sheáin Is í (‘sí) Bríd máthair Shiobháin agus is í (‘sí) Siobhán iníon Bhríd. Is í (‘sí) Orflaith bean chéile Phádraic agus is é (‘sé) Pádraic fear céile Orflaith. Is í (‘sí) Niamh aintín Sheosaimh agus is e(‘se) Seosamh nia Niamh. Is é (‘sé) Pól deartháir Niamh agus is í (‘sí) Niamh deirfiúr Phóil Is é (‘sé) Seán daideo Thomáis agus is é (‘sé) Tomás garmhac Sheáin Is í (‘sí) Bríd mamó Áine agus is í (‘sí) Áine gariníon Bhríd. Is é (‘sé) Aodhán uncail Áine agus is í (‘sí) Áine neacht Aodháin
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Stór Focal – Naming things There are 14 groups of themed word collections with each group having its own set of tasks & exercises. Topics cover food types, the weather, colours, animals, occupations, countries, clothes etc.. This sample collection deals with the parts of the face.
Baithis an bhaithis
Súil an tsúil
Mala an mhala
Cluas an chluas
Fabhra an fabhra
Leiceann an leiceann
Srón an tsrón
Muineál an muineál
Beola na beola
Smig an smig
Fiacla an fhiacail
Gruaig dhíreach an ghruaig
Gruaig chatach an ghruaig
teanga an teanga
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Cloigeann maol an cloigeann
féasóg an fhéasóg
Stór Focal – Naming things AbairLeat! recomends learning new words as they are used in context as part of sentences. These sentences are presented in ÉIst & Taifead type exercises and can be practiced and recorded. Your reward for making the effort will be a native-like pronunciation.
Éisteann muid agus cloiseann muid leis na cluasa. Tá an bhaithis idir na malaí agus an ghruaig. Is é an smig an pointe is ísle den éadan. Tá an ceann suite ar an muineál. Faightear boladh leis an tsrón. Is iad na beola doras an bhéil. Labhraíonn duine lena theanga. Is leis na fiacla a chognaíonn muid bia. Feiceann muid lenár súile. Tá mala os cionn chaon súil ag duine. Fásann na fabhraí ar mhogall/chaipín na súl. Is ionann féachaint faoi na fabhraí ar dhuine agus féachaint i ngan fhios orthu. Tá dhá leiceann ar an éadan, ceann chaon taobh, idir an tsrón agus na cluasa. Gruaig chatach, níl sí díreach! Gruaig dhíreach, níl sí catach, fásann sí síos díreach! Cloigeann maol, níl ribe gruaige air! Bíonn/Fásann féasóg fhada bhán ar Dhaidí na Nollag.
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Comhaireamh Bunuimhreacha - Úsáidtear na bunuimhreacha nuair nach dtagann ainmfhocail ina ndiaidh
a haon
a ceathair
a seacht
a deich
a dó
a cúig
a hocht
a haon déag
a trí
a sé
a naoi
a dó dhéag
Ag comhaireamh rudaí – ceann, péire etc...
ceann
ceithre cinn
seacht gcinn
deich gcinn
péire
cúig cinn
ocht gcinn
aon cheann déag
trí cinn
sé cinn
naoi gcinn
dhá cheann déag
Uimhreacha pearsanta - chun daoine (beirt pháistí , triú cailíní, cúigear buachaillí) agus slite beatha (beirt mhúinteoirí, triúr gardaí, cúigear imreoirí etc..) a chomhaireamh duine
ceathrar
seachtar
deichniúr
beirt
cúigear
ochtar
aon duine dhéag
triúr
seisear
naonúr
dáréag
Na hOrduimhreacha - Úsáidtear na horduimhreacha chun 1st 2nd 3rd 4th etc a léiriú. An chéad cheann
An ceathrú ceann
An seachtú ceann
An deichiú ceann
An dara ceann
An cúigiú ceann
An t-ochtú ceann
An t-aonú ceann déag
An triú ceann
An séú ceann
An naoú ceann
An dara ceann déag
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Cén t-am anois é? am lóin
am sosa
am dinnéir
am codlata
chun a .... (an uair)
Tá sé ceathrú chun a dó
tar éis (théis*) .... (an uair)
Tá sé deich tar éis (théis*) a hocht
Tá sé fiche cúíg chun a sé
ag tarraingt ar a ... / beagnach a .....
Tá sé cúig tar éis (théis*) a haon déag
baiithe (bailí*) ... / díreach bailí* a ....
Tá sé ag tarraingt ar (beagnach) ceathrú tar éis (théis*) a naoi.
Tá sé ag tarraingt ar (beagnach) deich chun a cúig.
am imeachta
Tá sé díreach bailithe (bailí*) fiche cúig chun a ceathair.
Tá sé díreach bailithe (bailí*) deich tar éis (théis*) a seacht.
Amárach
Anuraidh
inné
Aréir
Arú anuraidh
Arú inné
Arú aréir
Inniu
Arú amárach
Anocht oíche dár gcionn An Iarnóin Croílár na hoíche
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
Breacadh an Lae
4:00
5:00
6:00
An Mhaidin
7:00
8:00
9:00
An Nóin
10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00
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Meán Oíche An Tráthnóna
14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00
Clapsholas
An Oíche
18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00
22:00 23:00 0:00
Ag Gluaiseacht - going to / coming from Going translates as ag dul. In Conamara the verb “gabh” is used instead of the verb “téigh” and is pronounced as “a ghoil’” (ag gabháil) Coming translates as ag teacht When a person or object is stationary its location is described as – thuas / thíos / thall / thoir / thiar etc.. As the main road in Cois Fharraige runs east-west, the most common travelling description is a ghoil’ (ag dul) siar / soir - ag teacht aniar / anoir.
Ag Gluaiseacht ag dul (a ghoil’)* suas
thuas
ag teacht anuas
ag dul (a ghoil’)* síos
thíos
ag teacht aníos
ag dul (a ghoil’)* amach
amuigh
ag teacht isteach
ag dul (a ghoil’)* sall
thall
ag teacht anall
ag dul (a ghoil’)* soir
thoir
ag teacht anoir
ag dul (a ghoil’)* siar
thiar
ag teacht aniar
ag dul (a ghoil’)* ó thuaidh
ó thuaidh
ag teacht aduaidh
ag dul (a ghoil’)* ó dheas
ó dheas
ag teacht aneas
ag dul (a ghoil’)* ann
ann
ag teacht as
ag dul (a ghoil’)* go Gaillimh
i nGaillimh
ag teacht as Gaillimh
Ag tabhairt treoracha Cas ar dheis
Cas ar chlé
Cas thart
Gabh (téigh) ar aghaidh díreach
Cas ar an solas
Cas dhó an solas
Gabh (téigh) siar / soir
Tar aniar / anoir
Gabh (téigh) ó thuaidh / ó dheas
Tar aduaidh / aneas
Gabh (téigh) suas / síos
Tar anuas / aníos
Gabh (téigh) amach / isteach
Tar isteach / amach
Gabh (téigh) sall / anonn
Tar anall
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. Abair leat highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
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Ag Gluaseacht - going to / coming from Gabh (téigh) suas – Gabh (téigh) síos
/
Tar anuas - Tar aníos
Is tusa Bróna
Is tusa Seán
Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* tú?
Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* tú?
Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Seán?
Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Seán?
Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh ag Reics ?
Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh ag Reics ?
Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh ag Tibi ?
Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh ag Tibi ?
Gabh (téigh) isteach – Gabh (téigh) amach
/
Tar isteach - Tar amach
Is tusa Bróna
Is tusa Seán
Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh agat (a’d) ? Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Seán?
Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* tú? Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Reics? Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh ag Bróna ?
Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh ag Tibi ?
Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh ag Tibi ?
Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Reics?
Gabh (téigh) suas – Gabh (téigh) síos
/
Tar anuas - Tar aníos
Is tusa Bróna
Is tusa Seán
Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* tú?
Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* tú?
Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Seán?
Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Seán?
Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) ar bun ag an mbus?
Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) ar bun ag an mbus?
Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) ar bun ag an rothaí?
Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) ar bun ag an rothaí?
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Cén chaoi a n-airíonn tú? How do you feel? Describing how you are feeling or what is the matter if you are feeling unwell is a must. This lesson will help you convey your health issues as Gaeilge. Ag aireachtáil tinn
– Feeling unwell
Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú ag aireachtáil?
How are you feeling?
Cén chaoi a n-airíonn tú?
How do you feel?
Céard atá ag cur as d(h)uit?
What’s bothering you?
Airím tinn.
I feel sick.
Níl mé ag aireachtáil go maith.
I’m not feeling well.
Níl mé ar fónamh.
I’m not in a healthy state.
Cuireadh ga ionam.
I have been stung.
Tá fonn múisceadh orm.
I feel like throwing up.
Tá pian i mo bholg.
I have a pain in my stomach.
Ta tinneas cinn orm.
I have a headache.
Tá slaghdán orm.
I have a cold.
Tá scornach thinn orm.
I have a sore throat.
Tá tinneas droma orm.
I have back pain.
Tá tinneas fiacaile orm.
I have a toothache.
Níl aon ghoile agam.
I have lost my appetite.
Fuair mé dó gréine.
I was sunburnt.
Tá mé gortaithe.
I am injured.
Níl mé in ann análú.
I cannot breath.
Tá rud éicint faoi mo shúil.
I have something in my eye.
Airím lag.
I feel weak.
Bhí fuil shróine orm.
I had a nosebleed.
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Fuaimeanna a dhéanann daoine - Human sounds This lesson describes 32 everyday sounds that are made by people. The meanings for the sound discriptions are explained using audio files instead of relying on an English translation. The sound discriptions are further reinforced by associated images.
Ag sú
ag feadaíl
ag cogaint
ag seideadh
Ag méanach
ag sraothfairt
ag srannadh
ag líochán
Ag brúchtáil
ag cogarnáil
ag bromanaí
ag caoineadh
Ag gáire
ag béiceach
ag sciotaíl
ag tochas
Tá fail air.
ag screadach
ag casacht
coiscéimeanna
Ag pógadh
ag osnáil
ag sioscadh
ag dúil
Ag sliogadh
ag fual
ag plaiceadh
ag cnagadh
Ag múisceadh
cuisle
ag análú
ag bualadh bos
Sounds that convey what people are thinking. Bhí sé sin gar!
Whoops
Ní cheapaim morán de!
Pooh / pah
Faoi dheireadh!
Ah!
Tá mé fós ag éisteacht
Mm/uh-hah
Nach álainn é!
Ooh! Aah!
Nach mór an crá é!
Tch!
Gortaíonn sé!
Ouch!
An-iarracht – is beag nach bhfuair se cúl Oooj! Bhí sé sin dian!
Phew!
Tá sé sin scannalach.
Tch! Tch!
I ndáiríre?
Oh?
Céard sa diabhail atá á dhéanamh agat?
Hey?
Tuigim anois
ahHaa
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Cé chomh minic? go minic go hiondúil i gcónaí - an t-am ar fad
often usually always
feasta ón lá seo amach uair sa gcéad
from now on from this day on once in a blue moon
forever go deo - go síoraí go deo arís never again go deo na ndeor for ever and ever occasionally ó am go ham - uaireanta de ghnáth usually go rialta regularly formhór an ama anois is arís go hannamh
most of the time now and then seldom
riamh ever / never riamh arís ever / never again riamh cheana ever / never before
Cén uair a tharlóidh sé?
sul i bhfad / go luath / gan mhoill i gceann uaire / seachtaine go ceann uaire / seachtaine riamh / go deo / choíche
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before long / shortly / without delay in a weeks / hours time for a week / hour never
137
138
ForAINMNEACHA rÉAMHFHOCLACHA A major difference between certain Celtic languages such as Gaeilge and other languages is that simple prepositions are combined with pronouns (I, you, he ....) to form prepositional pronouns in Celtic languages.
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As prepositional pronouns don’t have an English equivalent they need to be given careful consideration so as not to become problematic. A major difference between certain Celtic languages such as Gaeilge and other languages is that simple prepositions are combined with pronouns (I, you, he ....) to form prepositional pronouns in Celtic languages. Ag + mé > agam Do + mé > dom Ar + mé > orm Le + mé > liom Because they don’t have an English equivalent they need to be given careful consideration so as not to become problematic. They are an essential component of everyday conversation and well represented in sayings and phrases. To express emotion: Tá áthas orm / I am happy - There is happiness on me Tá ocras air / He is hungry - There is hunger on him To express possession: Tá ceann agam / I have one - There is one at me Tá cóta aige - He has a coat - There is a coat at him On successfully completing this section using prepositional pronouns as Gaeilge will become second nature to you. That’s a guarantee.
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Pearsana Mise/mé (me*)/mo Is mé / mise - Ní mé / mise Tá mé (me*) / mise --- Níl mé (me*) / mise Mo +h - mo chóta, mo sheans, mo pheann, mo bhróg Agamsa (a’amsa*), liomsa, domsa (dhomsa*), ormsa.
Tusa / tú / do Is tú / tusa ... - Ní tú / tusa ... Tá tú / tusa ... - Níl tú / tusa ... Do +h - do chóta, do sheans, do pheann, do bhróg Agatsa (a’dsa*), leatsa, duitse (dhuitse*), ortsa.
Eisean / é / a Is é / (‘sé*) - Ní hé Tá sé (se*)/ seisean --- Níl sé (se*) / seisean A +h - a chóta, a sheans, a pheann, a bhróg Aigesean, leisean, dósan (dhósan*), airsean.
Ise / í / a Is í / (‘sí*) ... - Ní hí Tá sí / ise ... - Níl sí / ise ... A gan h - a cóta, a seans, a peann, a bróg Aicise, léise, dise , uirthise.
Muidne (muide*) / muid/ ár Is muidne (muide*) / - Ní muidne (muide*) Tá muidne (muide*)- Níl muidne (muide*) ár + urú - ár gcótaí, ár seans, ár bpeann, ár mbróga Againne (a’ainne*), linne, dúinne (dhúinne) , orainne.
Sibhse / sibh / bhur Is sibh / sibhse ... - Ní sibh / sibhse ... Tá sibh / sibhse ... - Níl sibh / sibhse ... bhur + urú - bhur gcótaí, bhur seans, bhur bpeann, bhur mbróga Agaibhse, libhse, daoibhse (dhaoibhse*) , oraibhse.
Iadsan / iad / a Is iad / iadsan ... - Ní hiad / hiadsan Tá siad / siadsan ... - Níl siad / siadsan ... A + urú - á gcótaí, á seans, á bpeann, r mbróga Acusan, leosan, dóibhsean (dhóibhsean*), orthusan.
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. Abair leat highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
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Ag Ag is combined with personal pronouns in the following manner. The forms in brackets are used to add emphasis, in the same way as the tone of the voice is changed in English. ag + mé
a’am(sa)* / agam(sa)
ag + muid
a’ainn(e)* / againn(e)
ag + tú
a’d(sa) * / agat(sa)
le + sibh
agaibh(se)
ag + sé
aige(sean)
le + siad
acu(san)
ag + sí
aici(se)
Cé aige a bhfuil an freagra? agam (a’am*) agamsa (a’amsa*)
agat (a’ad*) agamsa (a’adsa*)
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. Abair leat highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
aige aigesean
An bhfuil snámh
?
An bhfuil dóthain airgid fágtha Is
?
is fearr atá fios.
An bhfuil aithne
aici aicise
ar Thomás?
An bhfuil eolas
ar Ghaillimh?
An bhfuil an freagra ar eolas Níl mórán céille
?
!
Tá an tsláinte go maith
againn (a’ainn*) againne (a’ainne*)
.
Tá Fraincis agus Gearmáinis ar a thoil Fág
.
an leabhar.
Feicfidh mé ar ball sibh, tá gnó D’fhág sé slán Tá buntáiste
sular imigh sé.
agaibh agaibhse
orainn, tá siad níós airde ná muid.
Bíodh an fheamainn Tá cruinniú
daoibh.
, níl ionat ach amadán. acu acusan
leis an bpríomhoide.
Caithfidh siad málaí a bheith
amárach.
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Ag Aithne ar dhaoine to know / recognise people (not things/places) Fios ar rudaí to know things (not people or places) Eolas ar áiteanna to have knowledge of places (not people / things) An bhfuil aithne agat air? An bhfuil eolas agat ar Ghaillimh? An bhfuil a fhios agat an freagra?
Do you know him? Do you know Gaillimh? Do you know the answer?
An bhfuil snámh agat? An bhfuil do dhóthain agat? An bhfuil Fraincis agat?
Can you swim? Have you enough? Do you speak French?
Fág agamsa é. Is agat is fearr atá fios. Sin agat anois é.
Leave it to me. You know best. That’s it now.
Bhí agat é a dhéanamh. Tuilleadh an diabhail agat! Tá tú agam anois.
You should do it. Good enough for you I have / understand you now.
Tá súil agam. Tá an ceart agam. An baile sin againne!
I hope. I’m right. Our own village.
Bíodh ciall agat. Biodh an diabhal agat! Bíodh misneach agat.
Have sense Go to hell Be confident
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Le Le is combined with personal pronouns in the following manner. The forms in brackets are used to add emphasis, in the same way as the tone of the voice is changed in English.
le + mé
liom(sa)
le + muid
linn(e)
le + tú
leat(sa)
le + sibh
libh(se)
le + sé
leis(ean)
le + siad
leo(san)
le + sí
léi(se)
An cara
í?
An bhfuil tú ag siúl amach Ní cuimhin An
leat leatsa
leis leisean
?
atá tú ag caint? an cluiche a bhuachaint?
Ar mhaith
dul chuig an trá?
Tá deartháir
ag teacht ar chuairt.
Dia go deo
, tá obair mhaith déanta.
Cuirfidh mé geall
go mbeidh an bua agam.
an car dearg.
Éireoidh
An cuimhin
léi léise
linn linne
na ceisteanna go léir a fhreagairt.
Labhair an múinteoir go crosta
. libh libhse
céard a thárla?
Cé acu is fearr
?
Cé a dúirt nach féidir An miste
liom liomsa
an uimhir theileafóin.
Ar éirigh
Is
Cé leis an cóta/na cótaí?
é a dhéanamh?
cabhrú liom? leo leosan
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Le An dtaitníonn sé leat? An ritheann sé leat? An réitíonn sé leat.
Do you like / enjoy it? Does it occour to you Does it occour to you
Is cuma liom = ní miste liom Is miste liom = ní cuma liom Is fada liom.
I don’t care - mind I care - mind I cannot wait.
Rith sé liom. Réitím go maith leis. Taitníonn sé liom.
it occurred to me we get on well. I like / enjoy it
Dia go deo leat! Ar aghaidh leat! Bailigh leat!
Well done! off you go get lost
Tá ciall leis. Tá mé ag tnúth leis. Tá mé tógtha leis.
It makes sense I’m looking forward to. I’m impressed by it.
Tá mé ar aon intinn leat. Tagaim leat. Glacaim leis.
I’m of the same opinion as you I agree with you. I accept it.
An féidir leat? An fearr leat? An cuimhin leat?
Can you? Do you prefer? Do you remember?
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do Do is combined with personal pronouns in the following manner. The forms in brackets are used to add emphasis, in the same way as the tone of the voice is changed in English.
do + mé
dhomsa(sa)* / dom(sa)
Ag + muid
Dhúinn(e) / dúinn(e)
do + tú
dhuitse(se) * / duitse(sa)
le + sibh
dhaoibhse(se) / daoibh(se)
do + sé
dhó(ean)* / dósan
le + siad
do + sí
di(se)
dhóibh(sean) / dóibh(sean)
* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. Abair leat highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.
Ar thug sí
. .
.
an ceann seo.
Tugann múinteoirí comhairle mhaith Is cóir
Is fiú
.
do dhícheall a dhéanamh.
Lá breithe sona
Is méanar
dúinn (dhúinn*) dúinne (dhúinne*)
na cártaí agus beartáin uilig?
Thug bean an tí aire mhaith
Is eol
dó (dhó*) dósan (dhósan*)
na litreacha seo.
Caithfear aire a thabhairt
Is
duit (dhuit*) duitse (dhuitse*)
di dise
.
Cheannaigh me bronntanas
An
dom (dhom*) domsa (dhomsa*)
an leabhar?
Tugadh bualadh bos mór Is
Cé dó (dhó*) an litir?
daoibh (dhaoibh*) daoibhse (dhaoibhse*)
. an scéal. é.
dóibh (dhóibh*) dóibhsean (dhóibhsean*)
é a dhéanamh.
Ba chóir
é a rá.
B’éigean
imeacht.
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do Cheannaigh sé dúinn (dhúinn*)é. He bought it for us Chan sí daoibh (dhaoibh*) é. She sang it for you Réitigh sé dóibh (dhóibh*) é. He prepared it for them
Lig sé dom (dhom*). Gheall sé dom (dhom*). Chuaigh sé go maith dom (dhom*).
He allowed me - let me be He promised me It went well for me
Nach cuma duit (dhuit*)! Ba chóir duit (dhuit*). B’fhearr duit (dhuit*).
It’s none of your business. You should. It’s advisable that you.
Is fíor duit (dhuit*). Is méanar duit (dhuit*). Is fiú duit (dhuit*)é.
True for you. It’s well for you It’s worth your while.
B’éigean dom. (dhom*) Feictear dom (dhom*) Go bhfios dom (dhom*).
I had to. It seems to me ... As far as I know
Maith dom (dhom*)é. Tabhair dom (dhom*)é Inis dom (dhom*) é.
Forgive me Give it to me. Tell it to me.
Tá sé ag dul duit (dhuit*). Déanfaidh mé gar duit (dhuit*). Is duitse é (dhuit*).
You deserve it. I will do you a favour Its for you.
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Ar Ar is combined with personal pronouns in the following manner. The forms in brackets are used to add emphasis, in the same way as the tone of the voice is changed in English.
ar+ mé
orm(sa)
ar + muid
orainn(e)
ar + tú
ort(sa)
ar + sibh
oraibh(se)
ar + sé
air(sean)
ar + siad
orthu(san)
ar + sí
uirthi(se)
Cuir Ar theip
do chóta báistí.
.
An bhfuil fonn
dul chuig an trá?
An bhfuil áthas
?
Leanaigí
?
Bhí An raibh tuirse Bhí díocas An mbíonn faitíos
orainn orainne
trí mhíle a shiúl gach lá. , tá sibh ag déanamh thar cionn.
An raibh díomá Bail ó Dhia
uirthi uirthise
a bhí an t-ádh!
Cén praghas atá Bíonn
ort ortsa
?
Tá slaghdán
Nach
orm ormsa
air airsean
sa scrúdú?
An nglaofaidh tú
Cé air a bhfuil an lucht?
leis an scéal? ! éirí ar a seacht ar maidin.
oraibh oraibhse
tar éis an turais? i leith na hoibre. sa dorchadas?
148
orthu orthusan
Ar Tá an locht ort. Tá an t-ádh ort. Tá an cháil ort.
You pretend You’re lucky You have a (the) reputation
Lig ort féin Tá ort (é a dhéanamh). Coinnigh / Lean ort.
You pretend You have to do it. Keep it up
Bhí dul amú orm. Theip orm. Glaoigh orm.
I was mistaken I failed call me
Droch-rath ort. Cac an diabhail ort. Scread asail ort.
May you have bad luck. Bad luck to you! Bad luck to you!
Tá orainn.. Go bhfóire Dia orainn! Tá slaghdán orm.
We have to .... God help us! I have a cold.
Ar fheabhas! Ar iasacht Ar iarraidh
Ar m’anam Ar aon nós Ar buile
excellent on loan missing
upon my soul anyway very angry
149
Mothúcháin
Ta díomá air.
Tá drogall air.
Tá ocras orthu.
Tá sé dubh dóite ag an díomá.
Níl sé leis.
Tá siad stiúgtha.
Tá tart air.
Tá tuirse uirthi.
Tá fearg orthu.
Tá sé spalptha leis an tart.
Tá sí traochta.
Tá siad gal.
Tá faitíos air.
Tá áthas air.
Tá imní air.
Tá sé ag crith le heagla.
Ta ríméad an domhain air.
Tá sé ciaptha leis an imní.
compordach
150
le
cean-
Mothúcháin
Tá amhras air.
Tá buairt uirthi.
Tá ionadh an domhain uirthi.
Ní sé cinnte faoi.
Tá sí thíos inti féin.
Tá déistin uirthi.
Tá éad air.
Tá aiféala air.
Ní thaitníonn sé ar chor ar bith léi.
Tá sé éadmhar.
Tá brón air faoina rinne sé.
Tá uaigneas air.
Tá sceitimíní air.
Tá sé as fhéin.
Tá sé ar bís.
Tá díocas air. Fág an bealach.
Tá ionadh uirthi.
151
152
DiabhailĂnĂ The intention here is to use playful situations to introduce informal dialogue. While the characters are 13-14 years of age it is hoped that the dialogue and associated tasks are relevant to learners of all age groups.
153
Is cleasaí é Murach. Tá sé cliste agus seiftiúil ach ní théann gach iarracht de réir pleain. Ní bhíonn an saol riamh leamh agus Murach timpeall.
Murach atá ormsa. Is maith liom nuair a théann rudaí de réir pleain. Tá bealach éasca agus bealach deacair ann chun gach rud a dhéanamh. B’fhearr liomsa an bealach éasca a roghnú i gcónaí.
Máirín meabhrach a thugann a cairde uirthi. Tá sí anstaidéarach agus ní dhéanann sí rudaí seafóideacha rómhinic. Bíonn sí fial flaithiúil
Is mise Máirín. Deir mo chairde go gcaithim i bhad an iomarca ama ag léamh ach is breá liom léitheoireacht. Tá an-spéis agam i gcúrsaí eolaíochta ach go háirithe. Ba bhreá liom a bheith i m’eolaí lá éicint.
Is imreoir sciliúil deaslámhach é Rónán. Is breá leis comórtas d’aon chineál agus déanann sé tréan iomaíocht. Bíonn sé ag iarraidh a bheith sa chéad áit i gcónaí.
Rónán atá ormsa ach tugann chuile dhuine Rónánaldo orm. Tá súil a’am a bheith i m’imreoir mór le rá lá éicint. Bíonn orm go leor cleachtaidh agus treanáil a dhéanamh.
154
Bíonn Gearaí i gcónaí ag gaisce agus ag áibhéal ar chomh hiontach is atá sé fhéin. Tá sé an-tógtha leis fhéin. Ta sé in ann a bheith sách pianmhar nuair a leanann sé ar aghaidh ag maíomh as fhéin.
Is mise Gearaí. Tá go leor talann agam. Is aisteoir agus ceoltóir den scoth mé. Tá mé an-chruthaitheach. Scríobhaim mo chuid amhrán féin agus tá siad iontach ar fad.
Bíonn Babarí i gcónaí ag pleidhcíocht. Ní thógann sí aon rud i ndáiríre. Is cailín misniúil ábalta í ach is breá léi rudaí dána a dhéanamh.
Babaró a thugann mo chairde orm. Sílimse go dtógann daoine an saol seo i bhfad ródháiríre. Cá bhfuil an chraic a bheith ag leanacht rialacha an t-am ar fad. Is le briseadh atá rialacha ann, sin a deirimse.
Is buachaillín místuama liobarnach é Criostóir. Bíonn sé míchuaramach, ciotach go minic agus tarlaíonn go leor timpistí dá bharr. Is duine neamh ghoilliúnach é agus is beag a chuireann as dó.
Is mise Criostóir, is brea liom a bheith ag tabhairt cúnamh. Tárlaíonn timpistí beaga scaití agus cuirtear an milleán ormsa ar chúis éicint.
Is nerd IT é PC. Tá sé an-tógtha leis an saol digiteach. Ceapann a chairde go gcaitheann sé i bhfad an iomarca ama suite os comhair ríomhaire.
Padraic Colm atá ormsa ach tugann mo chairde uilig PC orm. Is breá liom a bheith ag obair nó ag spraoi ar mo ríomhaire.
155
Fifi foirfe a thugann a cairde uirthi. Is maith leí ord agus eagar a bheith ar gach rud. Tá sí andáiríre faoin saol.
Is mise Fifi. Is maith liom gach rud a bheith néata agus ceart. Sílim go bhfuil rialacha an-tábhachtach.Dá gcloífeadh gach duine leis na rialacha ní bheadh fadhb ar bith ann d’aon
Trish an dris a thuagann a cairde uirthi. Tá sí in ann a bheith mí-fhoighneach agus dreacair le sásamh.
Trish atá ormsa. Is maith liom rudaí a bheith déanta ceart. Tá go leor pleidhcí thart anseo.Cuireann sé olc orm go minic gur mise an t-aon duine a dhéanann iarracht rudaí a fheabhsú
Sorcha dorcaha a thugann a cairde uirthi mar gheall gur breá leí éadaí dubha agus stíl dorcha. Téann sí trí phases difriúla ach ní mhaireann aon cheann acu ró-fhada.
Sorcha is ainm domsa. Duine ar leith (individual ) mise.Ní cosúil leis na daoine eile i mo rang. Is fada liom go mbeidh mé fásta suas agus go mbeidh mé in ann mo rogha rud a dhéanamh.
Ní Dá ró-chliste. Tá go leor daoine den tuairim go bhfuil sé beagainín dúr. Is duine cabhrach, gnaíúil é ach is minic a dhéanann sé praiseach fiú de na jabanna is simplí.
Is mise Dáibhéid. Tá go leor cairde a’am agus tugann iadsan “Dá” orm. Ní dhéanann tada imní díom. Ní fiú a bheith buartha faoi aon rud.
156
157
Yippee Dé hAoine ‘tá ann- Is fada liom go mbeidh an scoil thart. Deireadh seachtaine fada saor ó mhúinteoirí cantalacha.
Yea,..mise freisin. Tá cluiche mór againn tráthnóna, théis na scoile – níl mé in ann fanacht.
Maidin bhreá Aoine atá ann. Tá na buachaillí ar a mbealach chuig an scoil – agus níl tada faoin spéir ag cur as dhóibh.
Mm…Ta rud eicínt nach bhfuil ag rith liom - meastú céard é fhéin?
Tá PC ar phlainéad eile – é dírithe ar a bhfuil á fhoghlaim aige.
Ce’ chaoi bhfuil sibh, a leaids. Bhuel, ‘bhfuil sibh réidh don scrúdú staire?
Cén sórt bobaide é PC? – é sáite sna leabhra maidin álainn mar seo.
I 1845 tháinig an dúchan ar na fataí den chéad uair…….. Ba é Lord Trevelyan a bhí i gceannas an relief work…
A PhC, a’ bhfuil tú alright? Scrúdú staire! Ó a dhiabhail, rinne mé dearmad glan air.
Ah, Scrúdú staire, b’in an rud nach raibh mé in ann cuimhniú air.
158
Cac asail! Má choinneofar siar théis scoile mé, beidh mé as an gcluiche mór.
B’fhearr don scrudú ar an Aoine a bheith i bhfad níos fearr ná an phraiseach a déanadh den cheann deireanach. Tá mé ag cur fainic ar chuile mhac máthar dhaoibh. Go bhfóire Dia ar an té nach reitíonn i gceart dhó.
PC – Ah a leaids - Ná habair gur dhearmad sibh an scrúdú staire faoin nGorta Mór. Sure, níor stop Grumble ach ag caint faoi an tseachtain ar fad. Nach cuimhin libh chomh spréachta is a bhí sé théis an scrúdú deireanach.
Tá a gcac anois acu.
Éist a leaids – ba mhaith liom cúnamh a thabhairt dhaoibh ach caithfidh mé é a ghearradh.
B’fhéidir nach gcuimhneoidh Grumble ar an scrúdú ach an oiread?
Fan go bhfeice mé anois …. Mmmmmm cuimhnigh …….. Ah frig! Níl feic all ar eolas a’amsa faoi.
,
Éistí liomsa, go sciobaidh, anois - céard sa diabhal atá ar eolas a’ainn faoin nGorta Mór?
159
Tá ‘ fhios a’am …. Tá sé ag teacht ar ais a’am. Fatái ---sin é fataí .. rud eicínt faoi fhataí
Togha fir, a Rónáin – sin é an freagra -- fataí – is cuimhin liom anois é. Fataí an freagra
Fair plé dhuit a Rónain, shábháil tú muid
Fataí do thóin! Ach céard faoi na damned fataí. Ara, is beag an mhaith fataí mar fhreagra. Teastaíonn i bhfad níos mó na “fataí” uainn .
Bhuel, bhí fataí agus sausagachaí a’ainne don dinnéar aréir. M’anam go raibh siad blasta. Is breá liom fataí agus sausagachaí.
160
Bangers agus brúitín – ní raibh sé sin ar eolas agam. Scríobhfaidh mé sa scrúdú é. Go raibh míle maith agat.
Leagaí as an tseafóid, a phleotaí – sé ‘n scrúdú ‘tá le sórtáil – agus níl a’ainn ach cúpla nóiméad
Bangers agus brúitín a thugtar air sin. Taitníonn siad go mór liomsa chomh maith Tóg go réidh é – níl muid ach ag iarraidh cúnamh a thabhairt.
Sin é - An Ice Age – Sin ba chúis leis. Chonaic me film faoi – bhí sé iontach. Ah a dhiabhail! Beidh an scrúdú seo chomh heasca.
Fanaigí nóiméad tá sé ag teacht a’am – tharla an gorta mar gur theip ar na fataí - sin agaibh anois é – theip ar na fataí – níl me cinnte cén fath -an sioc b’fhéidir …..?
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Beidh sé éasca péasca – fágfaidh muid ár malaí sna tomacha ar chúl na scoile – agus caithfidh muid an lá á thógail go brea réidh dhúinn fhéin thíos faoin mbaile. Beidh an-time a’ainn agus bíodh an fheamainn ag Grumble agus a scrúdú fánach.
Éistigí: níl hope a’ainn an scrúdú seo a phasáil.– Tá gá le plean Gabhfaidh muid uilig ar an hop don lá. Ceard a cheapfadh sibh de sin?
Coach ag caint “ Chúig chead pressup eile don súrachán a lig síos don chluiche mhór muid”.
Céard fútsa a Chriostóir? Bhfuil tú liom nó nach bhfuil?
Fág mise as! Má bheirtear orainn ní bheidh seans ar bith agam imirt sa gcluiche mór. Chaillfeadh “coach” an bloc liom agus bheinn ag déanamh pressups go Nollaig. Ah Jeepers! Mharódh mo mhama mé dá bhfaigheadh sí amach faoi.
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Ab é a’ chaoi go mbeidh muid ag hopáil timpeall an bhaile an lá uilig. Bheadh an-chraic leis sin all right, ach nach mbeadh muid frigeáilte théis tamaill leis an hopáil about uilig?
Gabhfaidh mise leat, a Mhurach! Beidh sé iontach dul ar an hop - Ach ní thuigim do díreach céard atá i gceist leis an “hop” seo.
A Dhá, a mhate, ní bheidh stró ar bith ortsa sa scrúdú. Tá a fhois ag chuile dhuine go bhfuil tusa iontach ag stair. Ach gabh i leith anseo nóiméad, tá jabín speisialta a’am dhuitse.
Cogar : Clúdóidh tusa dhom. Tabharfaidh tú nóta do Ghrumble. Sin an méid a chaitheas tú a dhéanamh. ‘Bhfuil sé sin ‘ad?
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Scríobhann Murach nóta. Nóta chuig an Uasal Gruaimbhéal – Níl Murach bocht ar fónamh. Ta drochdose den fliú air. Tá an créatúr ag obair róchrua. Sínithe; Mama Mhurach.
Buaileann an clog scoile:
Dála an scéil! An dtugann tú aon rud difriúil faoi deara fúm?
Oh a Rónáin . Beidh mise a’ ghoil chuig an gcluiche mór trathnóna. Is breá liom a bheith ag breathnú ort – gabh mo leithscéal- oraibh ar fad ag imirt.
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Sin anois é, a leaids – ná déanaigí dearmad “Ní fhaca ceachtar agaibh ar maidin mé” – Slán losers – bainigí craic as an Scrúdú ….
Is mór an crá croí í seo– Diabhal fhios agamsa céar’ ‘tá difriúil fúithi – Trish an dris i gcónaí í.
Tá sé a’am anois – ab é a’ chaoi nach bhfuil tú ag caitheamh spéacláirí inniu?
Cá ‘il do bhoyfriend, Murach inniu. Chonaic mé sibh ag pleanáil rud éicint níos luaithe.
Ní chaithimse spéaclairí riamh- ‘Sí mo chuid gruaige atá difriúil – breathnaigh uirthi – nach bhfeiceann tú an chaoi go bhfuil sí cóirithe inniu a’am – Tusa ar cheart spéacláirí a chaitheamh.
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Ní fhaca ceachtar a’ainn Murach ar maidin -- ní fhaca – sure ní fhaca – abair léi nach bhfaca muid é, a Rónain,
Cé atá ag caint leatsa? Céar’ ‘tá ansin i do lámh ‘ad? Dá: Nóta tinnis atá ann. Is don mhúinteoir é. Ní .. ní bhaineann sé leat. Trish: Ó a Mhaighdean, shílfeá gurbh é an mada fhéin a scríobh é. Inis dhom cé uaidh an nóta? - céard sa diabhal atá ann?
Ach nach ndúirt tú soicind ó shin nach bhfaca tú ar chorr ar bith é.
Is ó Mhurach é – ta an créatúr an-tinn – níl fhios a’am an dtiocfaidh sé as.
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Deargaíonn leicne Dhá – tagann fuarallas ar a bhaithis.
B’fhéidir go bhfaca – déanaim dearmad – níl a fhios agam – ó tá mearbhall ag teacht orm- Éist liom, maith an cailín agus ná bí do mo chur craiceáilte le ceisteanna.
Céard sa mí-ádh atá ar bun anseo – tá rud éicint ar siúl ag na scaibhtéirí seo agus bí cinnte dhe go bhfuil Murach sáite ina lár.
Dia dhaoibh a rang.
Rang ar fad. Dia ‘s Muire dhuit a mhúinteoir.
Tagann an focal Grumble ón dá fhocal Gaeilge Gruaim – gloom(ly) / sad/ despondent agus béal / mouth
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Suígí síos – stopaigí an chaint – cuirigí isteach na leabhra – faighigí réidh le tosú ar an scrúdú
Ciúnas! Bígí ciúin ! Fanaigí socair
Meabhraím dhaoibh aríst nach nglacfar le lagiarracht shuarach mar a tharla sa scrúdú deireanach. Gearrfar pionós trom ar leisceoirí atá ag milleadh an dea-cháil a bhí riamh ar mo chuid rangannasa.
Mmm- (go cantalach) Bí istigh
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A uasail Gruaimbhéil! Tá cailín deas óg ó do rang anseo agam. Bhí an creatúr bocht bailithe amú agus ní raibh sí in ann teacht ar do sheomra. Tháinig mé uirthi i leithreas na gcailiní. Tá sí seo cinnte imithe sna síóga – damn – caithfidh mé an friggin scrúdú amaideach seo a dhéanamh anois.
Tá tú ceart anois, a stór. Bíodh lá álainn agaibh ar fad.
Tá tú alright a Bhabaró – Ní tú an t-aon duine a théann amú – tarlaíonn sé dhom fhéin, corruair. Tá an t-ádh ort gur tháinig an múinteoir Sona Sásta ort.
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Is gealt cruthanta an friggin amadán sin.
Fan nóiméad! Tá rud éicínt cearr anseo. Tá an rang róchiúin. Ah, tuigim anois, níl Murach anseo. B’fhearr dhó leithscéal maith a bheith aige.
Rinne mé go maith éalú ón scrúdú sin. ‘Sé’n trua nár tháinig duine ar bith liom. Ba mhór an spórt a bheith in ann cúléisteacht ar an gcraic uilig sa rang .
Tá muid ar tí tosú ar an scrúdú. A’ bhfuil chuile dhuine anseo?
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Gabh aníos anseo leis. B’fhearr don leithscéal seo a bheith go maith.
Go sábhála Dia sinn! Breathnaigh an bhail atá ar an nóta. Toram é
A mhúinteoir, a mhúinteoir tá nóta a’am dhuit, nóta ó Mhurach
Ag léamh dhó fhéin - Nóta chuig an Uasal Gruaimbhéal – Níl Murach bocht ar fónamh. Ta drochdose den fliú air. Sílim go bhfuil se ag obair róchrua. Sínithe: Mama Mhurach.
Ga’ ‘ile’ anseo a’am. Cá bhfuair tusa an nóta --- an nóta fíor-aisteach seo?
Dreapfaidh mé an crann go bhfeice mé an chraic níos fearr. Tá sé seo iontach ar fad.
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Thug Mama Mhurach dhó é. Thug sí dhó ar maidin é. Tá Murach bocht an-tinn.
Níl fhios a’am faoi swine fliú- cén ceann eile … an bird fliú sin é sé’n bird fliú atá air
Inis go cúramach dhom a Dháibhéid, céard go díreach an scéal faoi Mhurach agus an nóta seo.
Aisteach go bhfuil eolas ‘adsa faoi seo chomh maith. Tá an scéal seo ag éirí níos aistí chuile nóiméad.
Bhuel …! Tá .. tá Murach bocht an-tinn.Tá an fliú air, droch-dose
Bird fliu ab ea? Sách dona – meastú cén chaoi a bhfuair sé an bird fliú?
Sílim go bhfuil budgie acu sa mbaile – b’fhéidir gur ón mbudgie a fuair sé é..
Is bobaide ceart é Grumble. Ta sé chomh heasca an dallamullóg a chur air.
An bhfuil anois agus cén cinéal fiiú atá air? Swine fliu ab ea? Ab ea anois – A Dháibhéid, anocht, scríobhfaidh tú aiste trí leathanach ar Bird Fliú ó tharla go bhfuil an oiread sin ar eolas agat faoi.
Breathnaigh ormsa Dá, breathnaigh ormsa – nay nay nay nay nay
Caithfidh go gceapann tusa gur simpleoir amach is amach mé…..
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Ah ……Trí leathanach ! Ar bhird fliú, ó a dhiabhail…..
Bhí Murach ag luascadh ar chraobh nach raibh sách láidir – scoilt – briseann an chraobh
Ní ar an talamh ach anuas díreach ar dhíon chairr. Buaileann aláram an chairr. Ach cé leis an carr? Cé a cheapfá?
Mo charr nua,mo, mo charr breá nua. Murach, céar’’tá déanta a’at (ag fuarchaoineadh) -- tá mo charr nua míllte ‘ad
Ó ná habair
titeann Murach síos de phlop
Cloiseann Grumble an torann, breathnaíonn sé amach an fhuinneog – ní chreideann sé a bhfuil le feiceáil aige.
Cá ‘il mé? Céard a tharla? A‘ bhfuil mé a’ brionglóidí? Tá pian i mo dhroim, i mo chois. Tá pianta i ngach áit.
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Cé ‘tá ag caint ar scrúdú, lá chomh hálainn seo. Fágaigí seo a aingle as na flaithis Rachaidh muid ar shiúlóid sa bpáirc ag breathnú ar na bláthanna agus ag éisteacht leis na héin.
Mo leithscéal a rang, ach ní bheidh an tUasal Gruaimbhéal ar ais don chuid eile den lá.Tá an fear bocht trína chéile faoi charr nó rud eicínt mar sin.
Sin seift amháin nach ndeachaigh de réir phleain.
Níl tú ag breathnú rómhaith a Mhurach. Ab ‘in é an bird fliú atá ort? Tá súil a’am nach bhfaighidh mise é. Nach iontach nach gcaithfidh muid scrúdú ar bith a dhéanamh inniu. Slán go fóilleach.
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Amhrรกin Learning and singing along the lyrics of popular songs is both an enjoyable and very effective way of improving your Gaeilge
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Abair Leat!
Fea rgha ill, Dai thí Ó Rua idh. Liri cí: Ca tha l Ó Rua idh, Sti ofán Ó
Toram (Tabhair dom) beatha! Toram
(Tabhair dom) saoirse!
Déan an iarracht! Gabh níos airde! ! Déan do rogha! ’Séard (is éard) atá uait (agat)! Cuir do cheann suas! Bíodh an bród a’d Ó na tithe chuig na sráide (sráideanna), tá muid dírithe, níl muid caillte, ile, tá muid sásta ag ceiliúradh lenár dteanga, muid le ché go léir os ard, ag canadh go léir mar chór, ag canadh ’Sí (Is í) do thír is do theanga féin (í), ’Sé (Is é) do rogha ag deireadh an lae. ’Is (agus) deir muid: (Is) Muide an todhchaí, gach éinne agaibh! t)! Gaeilge gan eagla, tá sí ar eolas a’d (aga (Is) Muide an todhchaí, gach éinne agaibh! t)! Gaeilge gan eagla, tá sí ar eolas a’d (aga ! so abair leat! So abair leat! so abair leat! so abair leat ir leat! So abair leat! so abair leat! abair leat! aba Beidh muid á chanadh linn! Gach duine á chanadh linn!
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Éalú
Fea rgha ill, Dai thí Ó Rua idh. Liri cí: Ca tha l Ó Rua idh, Sti ofán Ó
a leanán, Seo anois é, tú is mé, tá fadhb againn ach is féidir leatsa Beidh sé i gceart leis an troid, mar le grá t É a chruthú. Níl ag teastáil ach an iarrach Curfá: ith anseo. Más mian leatsa fágáil, ní gá duitsa ‘bhe háil i bhfolach. Go luath tuigfidh tusa, d’fhéadfá rith gab Ach níl éalú ó mo ghrá. ca dearmad Fágfaidh mé thú. Ach tá’s a’t, níl sé éas r ach A dhéanamh ar ár ngrá, do bhí sé an-fhío tábhachtaí ná Fós, sin an méid: sa deireadh, an rud is Curfá t, Seo anois é. Níl ag teastáil ach an iarrach Curfá
Tóg Mo Lámh
s mé, ach Tá muid ag plé. Níl’s a’m céard a dhéarfa alaí an aimsir. Fós déarfaidh mé é, mar is maith an scé is Is féidir é, tabharfaidh me mo ghrá duit Curfá : Tóg mo lámh. Saol nua ai’nn úúúúúú? Beidh mé ann, Ach an dtiocfaidh túú anois, bhuel So ní gá a rá, thar bharr mo chéile, ach i deara go bhfuil saoi nua Caithfidh mé a rá, táim ag tabhairt fao ann. mall ná go brách Abair i mo dhiaidh: is fear a bheith go Curfá fíor nó ‘bhfuil siad bréagach. Oh, na focail ó do bhéal, ‘bhfuil siad r ‘tá a’msa. Táim i ndáiríre: is fút na cuimhní is fea ar aon chaoi Is féidir é, beidh méfós i do dhiaidh Curfá
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Damhsa Amháin
ill. Ceol & Liricí: Ciarán Dooley, Seán Cah
c(h)éad (lá) Caithfidh mé a rá, nuair a tháinig mé an Ní raibh mé cinnte, d a dhéanamh anseo. Ó, ní raibh mé cinnte, céard ’tá (a bhí) mui s agam! Ní raibh mé cinnte, ach anois tá (a) fhio s agam! Ní raibh mé cinnte, ach anois tá (a) fhio c(h)éad (lá), an mé Caithfidh mé a rá, nuair a tháinig ! Chonaic mé cailín, ó chonaic mé cailín Thosaigh mo chroí ag rá, Curfá ’Ar mhaith leat damhsa liomsa? Ar mhaith leat do lámh a chur i mo lámh? Damhsa amháin? Ar mhaith leat damhsa liomsa? Ar mhaith leat do lámh a chur i mo lámh? Damhsa amháin?’ uil a fhios a’d (agat) Tá sé deacair chun (é) a rá nuair nach bhf Cén fáth ’tá (a bhfuil) sí mar seo? idh tú? Céard a dhéanfaidh, ó, céard a dhéanfa s agam! Ní raibh mé cinnte, ach anois, tá (a) fhio s agam! Ní raibh mé cinnte, ach anois, tá (a) fhio h, Ach tiocfaidh an lá nuair atá mé réid Cuirfidh mé ceist uirthi. Beidh misneach agam, beidh mé ag rá:
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Ú La La
Liricí: Bobbaí Ó Deá.
Mo Dhaideo bocht! bhí mé ag spochadh as a ch aoi! Cheap mé gur fear searb h é, óna fhocail ’s (agus) óna chaoi ag caint faoi chleasa na gcailíní, Agus tabharfaidh tú faoi deara, An grá caoch ní oibríonn sé, is caithfear tosú arís! Curfá Ba bhreá liom dá mbeadh an t-eolas seo a’m (agam ) nuair a bhí mé níos óige! Ba bhreá liom dá mbeadh an t-eolas seo a’m (agam ) nuair a bhí mé níos láidre! Nuair (a)tá a bealaí (beola ) uait, faigheann tú a leice ann, níl ’s a’d (níl a fhios agat) cá bhfuil tú! Nuair atá níos mó ag tea stáil agus níl tú ag freastal , tá tú i d’aonar léi! Mo gharmhac bocht! Níl tada a’m (agam) le rá! Foghlaimeoidh tú trí dhul amú! Sin an chaoi is fearr! Curfá ‘Sé (Is é) an Can Can an seó is fearr, stopfadh sé do chroí! Bíonn na rinceoirí ag caoc hadh súl, is tagann teas uathu! Is é an grá an rud is láidr e, agus déanann sé do sh aol! An grá caoch, ní oibríonn sé, Is tá ort tosú arís!
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Lady Ga(eilge) Lir icí: Jen ny Ní Rui séil
Rah rah ah-ah-ah Roma roma-mah Ga-ga ooh la-la Ag iarraidh grá... oh-oh!), …Níl aon rud fágtha i mo cheann (oh oh Ag canadh ach níl mé in ann! Cén chaoi ar tharla sé? Ag damhsa ó inné Cá ndeachaigh an t-am ? Ó, níl a fhios a’m (agam)! Damhsa, gan aon stró, ! Is cuma, beidh an chóisir ar siúl go deo a, Bunoscionn anseo sa hall a… Tá an oíche ag dul an- sciobtha, sciobth liom do dhíoltas! Toram (tabhair dom) do ghrá, ba mhaith t! Tú ’s mé, ní bheidh ár leithéidí (ann) arís liom do dhíoltas! Toram (tabhair dom) do ghrá, ba mhaith Tú ’s mé, bíonn muid i gcónaí ar bís! Oh oh oh oh ohhhhh oh oh oh oh oh oh
oh …!
! …Déan damhsa, beidh sé ceart go leor hsa Ní fheiceann éinne thú ag dam ! Déan é mo stór, doo doo doo doo… (x2)
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…Lig dúinn cluiche grá a imirt! Ar mhaith leat grá nó cáil, ’bhfuil tú sa chluiche? Cluiche grá! (x2) ’Bhfuil tú ag iarraidh cluich e grá a imirt? Do rogha! grá nó cáil, an mbeidh tú (ag) spraoi? Cluiche grá! (x2)) Ag iarraidh breith ort ar nó s a dhéanann imreoirí Te xas! Beir greim! lig dom! fáisc mé! ardú, a stóirín fan lio msa…! Tá…’sé draíochtúil, beidh muid thar cionn, oh, ohhh h! …Cluiche grá! Tar éis sin, is féidir imeach t le poll mór i do chroí! Toram (tabhair dom) na so ilse! mar tá a fhios ad (ag at) gur mé do mhúirnín féin! Leanfaidh mé thú go dtí go bfhuil grá ad (agat) do msa! Paparazzi! A stóirín níl aon duine eil e… tá a fhios ad (agat)! Ní féidir é! ní féidir é! Ní féidir m’aghaidh a léa mh! Ní féidir! ní féidir é! ní féi dir….! Seans go mbeidh mé togh a! Ach ní stopfaidh mé go de o! A ghrá ghil beidh tú cáiliú il! Rachaidh mé i do threo, Ale! Alejandrooooooo.! Ná cuardaigh mé! ná cuard aigh mé! Alejandro! Ní leatsa mé! ní leatsa mé ! Fernando! Gan grá, gan póg, just to ram (tabhair dom) píosa de d’aird! Ná cuir glaoch orm! ná cu ir glaoch orm! Roberto! Roberto!
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Sé amhrán le chéile Feargha Liricí - Cathal Ó Ruaidh, Stiofán Ó
ill, Daithí Ó Ruaidh.
uil mé Bhuel! do thit tú ormsa! is bí cinnte go bhf té (duine speisialta) fíoran Ag iarraidh do ghrá-sa! mar is tusa atá uaigneach! A bhíonn in ann spreagadh an fear seo namh an-iarracht, Roimh dheireadh an lae, beidh mé ag déa s do thoil, ach Agus ní stopfaidh tada mé ar bith, seacha i ndán. Is dócha go mbeidh mé in ann; má tá sé Ní fhanfaidh mé ortsa, níos mó! níos mó! msa) go deo! Tá tú uaimse! agus beidh tú a’msa (aga Dúisíonn an ghrian, solas a’ teacht anuas! tús! Tá mé i do dhiaidh! tá muid ar ais arís ón tú! Oscail anois do shúile is (agus) feicfidh bhrú! Oscail amach do mheabhair mar níl aon crá, ortsa! Breathnaigh taobh istigh, is ní bheidh crá, in éineacht liom! tú dh Éist le mo cheol! is b’fhéidir go gcanfai Is mothóidh do chroí éadrom! ! Níl rud ar bith eadrainn ach grá! grá! grá h! Táim saor ach níl tú! Imeoidh mé go luat tú arís! mé h cfid Tá’s a’m. (Tá a fhios agam) Ní fhei s seal is (agus) thíos Ní bhíonn uasal ná íseal, níl ann ach thua seal! dheireadh tá muid le Amach as an amhras atá am(agam), faoi chéile! in! Ba bhreá liomsa eitilt! Gabhfaidh mé i gcé dom féin! Mar tá mé fós ag lorg na páirte is fearr
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Ag déanamh iarrachta, ga ch uile lá Ach ní féidir liom mo scáth a chaitheamh uaimse! Is níl sé éasca, ar aon ch aoi! Nár leor duit mo chuid sp reagtha! Rith sé liom an lá cheana , ní féidir an fhíric a shéa nadh! Níor éist tú le mo chaint! Ní féidir liom smaoineam h ar rudaí nua! Is cuma lio m céard a déarfaidh tú! So, seo anois mo chinnea dh! Bíonn tú i gcónaí ag cailli úint smachta, so, ní fiú do m an iarracht! Bhí mé caillte gan treo, ag siúl tríd an gceo! I bhfostú san áit seo gan éalú go deo! Gan aon chúis, gan aon aidhm, mar an t-amhrán as feidhm! Is b’in tú ag seasamh an n os comhair m’aghaidh ! Céard atá déanta anois, Le do dheora a shil’ ’s d’a nam a bhris(eadh)? Ó! nuair a d’imigh tú uaim , Fágadh mo chroíse boch t, ’s anois, tá a fhios am(ag am)! Anseo gan tú a stoirín, tá tusa fós ar m’ intinn Smaoiním fút a stóirín, ag us bíonn tú i mo bhriong lóidí, Anseo gan tú a stóirín ac h beidh tú fós ann i mo ch roí! Is anocht beidh tú amsa (agamsa)! So, ná habair go bhfuil sé críochnaithe! Níl ciall ar bith leis, bím i gcónaí ag smaoineamh fút ! Bhí mé caillte gan treo! Ach tá tú fós ann i mo ch roí! Tá tú uaimse! ‘s beidh tú a’msa (agamsa)! Ba bhreá liomsa eitilt!
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Céilí ar an Trá
Daithí Ceol & Liricí – James, Daragh, Cian,
hsa san uisce nuair a Céilí ar an trá! b’aoibhinn liom é! ag dam chonaic mé í! an teach ina raibh sí Ní raibh a fhios am (agam) a hainm, nó ngrá! ann, ach bhí sí speisialta, agus thit mé i Curfá: Céilí ar an trá, b’aoibhinn liom é! Bhí craic agus spraoi ag deireadh an lae! Céilí ar an trá, b’aoibhinn liom é! Bhí craic agus spraoi ag deireadh an lae! le cailín álainn, ach Céilí ar an trá, ba bhreá liom é, chas mé d’imigh sí uaim! g! Ag smaoineamh fúithi, níor éist mé sa ran am (agam)! s) fhio Cá ndeachaigh mo chailín? Níl ’s (a Curfá a glas! Chonaic mé í an oíche sin, chaith sí gún ? sa’ liom Dúirt mé ‘ar mhaith leat damhsa s”! Agus d’fhreagair sí “Bheadh sin go dea ró-ghearr! Bhí am iontach againn, ach bhí an t-am t-am gearr thar barr! Bhí an céilí sin críochnaithe, ach bhí an Curfá
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Can os Ard !
Ceol & Liricí – Ciarán
Dooley, Saoirse Nic Ga
bhann
Céard a deireann tú nuair a thiteann tú arís? Níl aon am ag éinne duits e, is ní fheiceann tú an gh rian. Céard a dhéanann tú nu air nach bhfuil gach rud ceart? Bíonn tú i gcónaí ag iarrai dh faoisimh ach tá do sh eans tha
Lean ar aghaidh! Tá muid ag dul. Tá tú saor! Seo é an t-aon saol atá ag ainn, Is tá gach rud timpeall or t ag athrú duit. Tá sé ró-ghearr le bheith ag fanacht, Ró-mhór le bheith chom h beag. Ní féidir leat a bheith ciú in! Caithfidh tú canadh os ard !
Céard a dhéanann tú nu air a thiteann tú i ngrá? Cailleann tú do chiall is tá do sheansaol thart. Níl aon rogha ad (agat) nu air a tharlaíonn sé sin. Ach ní bhíonn tú ag smao ineamh Nuair atá tú faoi na geas a sin! Lean ar aghaidh! Tá muid ag dul. Tá tú saor! Seo é an t-aon saol atá ag ainn Is tá gach rud timpeall or t ag athrú duit. Tá sé ró-ghearr le bheith ag fanacht, Ró-mhór le bheith chom h beag. Ní féidir leat a bheith ciú in, Caithfidh tú canadh os ard ! Tá sé ró-ghearr le bheith ag fanacht! Ró-mhór le bheith chom h beag! Tá sé ró-ghearr le bheith ag fanacht!
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rt!
An Buachaill Ceart
Uí Chadhain, Ceol & Liricí: Buachaillí Tigh Chathy
Chonaic mé í ar an gcéad lá. Dúirt sí, ‘Dia duit!’ Thit mé i ngrá. ‘Sí an cailín ó mo bhrionglóid í, Ach níl m’ainm ar eolas aici ! dom. Ach is cuma liom! Is í an cailín is foirfe . Ach is cuma liom! Tá sí fós ina réalt dom Gabh mo leithscéal! Tá rud le rá! Tá mé anseo lán le grá! Cailín deas atá mé ag iarraidh, Ach ní mé an buachaill ceart di! (x2) Chonaic mé í ag an gcéilí. Fuair mé damhsa amháin léi. Níor thug sí aon aird orm, Aird orm, aird orm! . Ach is cuma liom! Is í an cailín is foirfe dom . dom t réal Ach is cuma liom! Tá sí fós ina Gabh mo leithscéal! Tá rud le rá! Tá mé anseo lán le grá! Cailín deas atá mé ag iarraidh, Ach ní mé an buachaill ceart di! (x2) Chonaic mé í ag an dioscó deireanach. Bhí sí leis an mbuachaill eile. Bhris mo chroí! Ní raibh a fhios aici Céard a cheap mé fúithi. Gabh mo leithscéal! Tá rud le rá!
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Cúrsa C - 2009.
Níl Mé Ag Bogadh Liricí: Keith Ó Briain
Chuaigh mé siar chuig an gcúinne, áit a chonaic mé thú Agus beidh mé anseo go deo ag fanacht go ciúin. Scríobhtear mo chás ar chúl do ghriangraf Ag rá go mbeidh mé an n nuair tá sí feicithe a’d. Tugtar airgead dom mar ní thu Níl mé briste ach chaill mé igeann siad mo chroí Céard tá a’m le rá, níl ao n chiall sa scéal Tá mé fós i ngrá, tá tú fós i mo shaol Curfá: Nuair a dúisíonn tú agus feiceann tú nach bhfuil mé ann, Agus braitheann sé cosú il go bhfuil mé fós i do ch ea nn, B’fhéidir (go) dtiocfaidh tú chugam agus nuair a shroicheann tú, Beidh mé fós ar taobh na stráide, ag fanacht go ciú in. Níl mé ag bogadh, níl mé ag bogadh. Deirtear liom nach bhfuil cead agam fanacht, Ach fós beidh mé ann ar feadh lá nó bliain is cuma liom. Táim chun seas’ mo fhód, is cuma faoin sneachta fiú Má athraíonn sí a hintinn, tiocfaidh sí anseo Cúrfá Táim i mbéal an phobail ‘nois, mar gheal ar mo gh rá. Níl aon phóilín i mo bhró g, ach ceann i mo chroí Seans go mbeidh mé cá ilúil, ar an teilifís mo íom há Seans trí thimpiste,go bh feice tú, mo chroí agus Rachaidh tú chuig’n gcúin ne Mar ní féidir dallamullóg a chur ort féin Mar a rinneadh cheanna féin Cúrfá
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Goile! (Gabh i leith!) Rúiséil. Liricí: Liam Murtagh White, Jenny Ní
Goile! Goile! (Gabh i leith!) (Gabh i leith!) Beidh sé togha! Níl aon rud mícheart leis. Beidh ár n-am ag teacht! Ach anois, Tá fonn orm dul thar fóir! Mar táimid anseo, Ag deireadh an lae, Le chéile go deo. Is cuimhin linn é! Ná bí buartha anois Faoi chúrsaí inné! Tosóidh saol nua! Goile! Goile! (Gabh i leith!) (Gabh i leith!) Cén fáth Nach féidir leat aon rud a rá?
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Foot loose
Liricí: Bobbaí Ó Deá.
Ag obair go cru’, ag fágáil go Ocht n-uaire, cén mhaith? lua’ Tá sé mar seo gach lá. Tá sé a’ rith liom go bhfui l an t-am ag imeacht uaim . Táim ar an díon, is tá sceit imíní orm. Tosóidh muid Curfá 1: Ón dtús, seas suas, cuir ort do bhróga nua. Suigh síos, lig scíth, níl sé in aghaidh an dlí Jeaic, a staic, dean anois é don chraic. Fiú gan chúis, chuile dhuin e léim suas Tá cuma ciúin ort, ag gla cadh le chuile short Breathnaigh taobh istigh ionat, tá tú ag lorg, lorg du ine Duine a dhéarfas leat na ch bhfuil an t-am ag imea ch t uait. Is tá’m a rá leat, oh bíodh túann nó bíodh tú as. Goile liom, is muid ar ais Curfá 2: Ón dtús, seas suas, cuir ort do bhróga nua. Suigh síos, lig scíth, níl sé in aghaidh an dlí Whoa, Liamo, bog do ch osa go beo Fiú gan chúis, chuile dhuin e léim suas Caithfidh tú do bhealach a roghnú Is do cheann a choinneál togha ‘nois seas siar is tóg anáil Tosóidh muid ón dtús! Curfá 1 Chuile dhuine léim, chuil e dh
uine léim
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BĂ? AG CAINT This section offers sample interviews to help preparation for the oral exams of the junior cert and leaving cert syllabi.
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This section offers sample interviews to help preparation for the oral exams of the junior cert and leaving cert syllabi. Bí ag caint na sóisear- Junior - has 11 lessons based on a series of interview type questions about oneself. Parlez Vous is a French language version of the junior Bí ag caint, where the translation support is given as Gaeilge. Practice your French while reinforcing the Irish language content. Bí ag caint na sinsear - Senior - is based on three sample interviews of pre-leaving cert students partaking in a mock oral exam. All of the audios are recordable and you too can undertake your own mock oral exam.
Also in this section Topical issues – views and opinions outlined. Giving your own opinion Giving advice Personality traits
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Agallamh na Sóisear – Junior Cert Sample Interview The materials presented in “Agallamh na Sóisear” focuses on basic conversations about you, yourself. The content will provide a varying level of challenge to learners within a range of competency levels. However, everyone can benefit from spending quality time working on their pronunciation skills. The themed lessons follow a question-answer format between a teacher and a young student under the topics Fút Féin / Do Mhuintir / Do Scoil / Ábhar Scoile / Caithimh Aimsire / An Ghaeltacht etc. Each lesson has a number of accompanying recording tasks.
Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú? How are you?
Tá mé togha, go raibh maith agat. I’m fine, thanks.
Cá bhfuil cónaí ort? Where do you live?
Tá cónaí orm i nGaillimh. I live in Galway.
Cé mhéad deartháir agus deirfiúr agat? How many brothers and sisters have you got?
An tusa an duine is sine / is óige sa gclann? Are you the eldest / youngest in the family?
Tá beirt deartháireacha agus deirfiúr amháin agam. I have two brothers and one sister
Mise atá lár báire. I’m the one in the middle.
An dtaitníonn ceol leat?
Taitníonn go mór. Tá mo chroí sa gceol
Do you like / enjoy music?
I really like/enjoy it. My heart is in music.
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Parlez Vous? This section replicates the exact same material as “ Agallamh na Sóisear” but with a difference. The target language is French while the support language is Gaeilge. Info panels are available in both Gaeilge and French.
Developing good efficient skill sets in learning Gaeilge will enhance your ability to learn other languages.
Bonjour / Salut
Bonjour / Salut
Dia dhuit
Dia ‘s Muire dhuit
Comment vas-tu? Comment allez-vous? Ça va?
(Je vais) bien, merci Ça va bien, merci
Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú?
Où travaillent tes parents ? Quel travail font tes parents ? Cén obair a dhéanann do thuismitheoirí?
Dans quel collège/ lycée es-tu?/êtes-vous?
Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat.
Mon père est gérant et ma mère est coiffeuse. Is bainisteoir é m’athair agus is gruagaire í mo mháthair.
Je vais au collège/lycée de Tuaim. Tá mé ag freastal ar Chlochar na Trócaire i dTuaim
Cén scoil ar bhfuil tú ag freastal?
Quelles sont les matières que tu aimes / que vous aimez ?
J’aime le commerce. Is maith liom staidéar gnó.
Cé na hábhair is maith leat?
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Agallamh na Sinsear – Leaving Cert Sample Interviews This section introduces three sample mock interviews and covers Fáiltiú /Fút Féin / Do Mhuintir / Do Cheantar /Do Scoil / Ábhar Scoile / Caithimh Aimsire / An Ghaeltacht / Taisteal / Tar éis na hArdteiste / Obair etc.. Students can use the sample interviews as a basis to prepare and record their own answers.
Inis dom fút féin
Tá mé i rang na hardteiste i mbliana. Is breá liom chuile chineál spóirt.
Cáit Ní Lúing is ainm dom. Tá mé ocht mbliana déag d’aois. Cónaim cois fharraige i gCinn Mhara, i gContae na Gaillimhe.
Is mise Seán Ó Gríofa. As Sligeach mé. Tá mé seacht mbliana déag d’aois.
Tá cúigear againn sa chlann, beirt bhuachaillí agus triúr cailíní. Is mise an dara duine is óige.
Eoin Ó Néill an t-ainm atá orm. As contae Laoise mé. Páiste aonair is ea mé ach tá go leor cairde agam.
Tá cónaí orm ar fheirm deich míle as Portlaoise. Taitníonn peil go mór liom agus tá súil agam geanasí an chontae a chaitheamh lá éicint.
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Tuairim a nochtadh – giving an opinion Expressing an opinion is just as important in Gaeilge as it is in every other language. Tuairim a nochtadh comprises of four lessons that will help you give or defend your own opinion with confidence.
Céard é do thuairim faoi ? ……. Is é mo thuairim go /gur……. Níl aon tuairim agam faoi ……. Níl tuairim faoin spéir agam faoi !....... Braitheann sé……. Déarfainn go /gur /nach /nár…….
Céard a cheapann tú? An gceapann tú? Céard a cheapfá faoi?.......
Ceapaim go / cheapfainn go ….. Ceapaim gur /cheapfainn gur……. Ceapaim nach / cheapfainn nach ……. Ceapaim nár / cheapfainn nár……. Ní cheapaim go/ gur / ní cheapfainn go /gur…
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Ar intinn agam .. –
I intend to ......
To be able to explain your intention or what it was you intended is central to communicating with others. The aim of this lesson is to equip you with the necessary language to do just that.
Céard atá fút a dhéanamh ag an deireadh seachtaine? Tá fúm bualadh le mo chairde ag an deireadh seachtaine. Tá fúm féin agus mo chairde dul chuig cluiche peile/iománaíochta.
Céard atá ar intinn agat a dhéanamh tráthnóna? Tá sé ar intinn agam dul amach le mo chairde. Tá sé ar intinn agam dul ag siúl agus ansin dul ag obair.
Céard atá i gceist agat a dhéanamh tar éis na hArdteiste? Tá sé i gceist agam dul ar aghaidh go dtí an tríú leibhéal. Tá sé i gceist agam dul ag obair ar feadh bliana ar dtús.
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Comhairle a thabhairt – Giving advice Giving and receiving advice is part and parcel of everyday dialogue. This lesson gives very good advice on how to advise as Gaeilge.
Comhairle a chur..... Glac le comhairle... Mo chomhairle duit ná ... ‘Sí an chomhairle a chuirfinn ort ná .... Mholfainn duit ..... B’fhearr duit ...... Ní mór duit ..... Ar chraiceann do chluaise ...... Ar a bhfaca tú riamh ...... Tabhair faoi deara .... Glac foighid - Foighid ort - Bíodh foighid agat. Coinnigh ort - Lean ort! Ná luigh ar na maidí Coinnigh do mhisneach Coinnigh an cloigeann Ná caill an block. Seachain - Fainic thú féin Seachain / Fainic a ndéarfá/ a ndéanfá / a rachfá Tabhair aird ar a ndeirim leat ...
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Pearsantachtaí agus tréithe – Personalities and characteristics This section has three lessons about describing people’s personalities, characteristics and traits.
Tréithe a thaitníonn leis /léi: Fírinneacht Cairdiúlacht Measarthacht Oscailteacht Freagracht Prionsabáltacht Spraíúlacht Dáiríreacht Macántacht
Truthfulness Friendliness Moderatiom Open / frank Responsibility Moral Principles Playfulness Earnestness Honesty
Iompar nach dtaitníonn leis /léi: Cur i gcéill Bréaga Foréigean Éagóir Fimínteacht Ciníochas Maistíneacht Aineolas Mímhacántacht
Pretentiousness Lying Violence Injustice Hypocrisy Racism Bullying Ignorance Dishonesty
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Cur síos ar rud – Describing things Describing things / events / happenings is another “must have” ability so as to communicate effectively as Gaeilge.
Tá sé sin ....... Ta sé áiféiseach Tá sé áisiúil Tá sé aisteach Tá sé fiúntach Tá sé éifeachtach Tá sé tairbheach
It is ridiculous / outlandish It is convenient / handy It is peculiar / weird It is worthwhile / has merit It is efficient / effective / capable It is beneficial
Tá sé tubaisteach Tá sé tromchúiseach Tá sé truamhéalach
It is tragic / disastrous It is a grave / serious matter It is pityful / pathetic
Tá sé ina phraiseach / chac. Tá sé ina chnámh spáirne Tá sé ina shamhradh
It is (the situation ) a mess / shite It is a bone of contention It is (the weather) summer like
Tá sé dochreidte Tá sé domhaite Tá sé dodhéanta
It is unbelievable It is unforgivable It is undoable
Tá sé barrúil It is funny Ta sé uaillmhianach It is ambitious Tá sé coitianta / neamhchoitianta It is common / uncom.
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Topaicí Comhaimseartha – Topical issues Contemporary topical issues such as Drink Culture / Obesity / Fashion / Drug Abuse / Peer Pressure / Human Rights / The Environment / Music are thoroughly addressed as Gaeilge. Audio versions of these articles are available for rerecording etc ...
Cúrsaí Ólacháin Cloistear go leor faoi chúrsaí ólacháin i saol an lae inniu. Is beag lá nach mbíonn cur síos nó tuairisc, de shórt éigin, faoi chúrsaí ólacháin ar na páipéir, ar an raidió nó ar an teilifís. Deirtear gur ól is cúis le go leor timpistí bóthair. Deirtear gurbh é is cúis le go leor de na hionsaithe agus den troid a tharlaíonn sa tír seo, go speisialta ag an deireadh seachtaine. Tá níos mó airgid ag daoine anois ná bhí riamh le caitheamh ar ól. Is féidir ól a cheannach saor in ollmhargaí agus i siopaí eischeadúnais (offlicence). An toradh atá ar seo ná go bhfuil fáil ag daoine faoi aois ar alcól. De réir dlí, níl cead ól a dhíol le daoine faoi ocht mbliana déag d’aois. Bíonn ócáidí, ag cur óil chun cinn, eagraithe ag comhlachtaí óil sna coláistí tríú leibhéal. Bíonn fáil ar ól ar phraghas laghdaithe ag na hócáidí seo. Cuireann seo brú ar dhaoine óga níos mó deochanna alcólacha ná mar is maith dóibh a ól. Bíonn daoine ag gearán faoin méid fógraíochta a dhéantar ar ól ar an teilifís agus sna meáin. Is cosúil go mbíonn tionchar ag an bhfógraíocht seo ar dhaoine óga go speisialta. Tá mórán den phobal míshásta faoin urraíocht a dhéanann comhlachtaí óil ar chúrsaí spóirt. Deir mórán gur cheart an ceangal idir spórt agus ól a bhriseadh. De réir an tseanfhocail tá trí rud ag baint le hól i.e. é a ól, é a íoc agus é a iompar. Is maith an chomhairle í!
Nóta - ar nós gur fiú go mór na leaganacha cainte atá léirithe i mbuí a fhoghlaim agus a chleachtadh. Is féidir iad a athúsáid agus ailt eile á réiteach.
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Díospóireachtaí – Debates Debate is an excellent activity for language learning and is also highly effective for developing argumentation skills Class debates can be a great motivational tool for creating meaningful interactions and discussions with language learners. At present there are 6 partly prepared debates available on AbairLeat!
Is fearr an tsláinte ná na táinte Ar son an rúin: Is fíor an seanfhocal é! Cén mhaith airgead mura bhfuil tú in ann sásamh a bhaint as? Ní dhéanfaidh tú sin mura bhfuil an tsláinte agat. Má tá do shláinte agat, tá tú in ann dul amach agus lá oibre a dhéanamh agus airgead a shaothrú. Tá ar do chumas dul ag siúl, cluichí a imirt, dul ag taisteal, bualadh le do chairde agus spraoi agus spórt a bheith agat.
In aghaidh an rúin: Ní ghabhfaidh tú i bhfad i saol an lae inniu gan airgead. Ní féidir teach ná carr a cheannach gan airgead. Ní bheidh mórán de shaol sóisialta agat ar phócaí folmha! Tá an costas maireachtála anard sa tír seo faoi láthair. Tá praghas bia agus ola ardaithe go mór le cúpla bliain. Is cúnamh an t-airgead chuige seo. Má tá gasúir agat beidh airgead ag teastáil le hiad a thógáil agus oideachas a chur orthu.
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SaibhriĂş Teanga Gaelic culture similar to other major cultures, has age -old memorable phrases, proverbs and sayings about matters that were deemed important to society. These expressive words of wisdom offer advice of practical value in the form of short easily-remembered phrases and are of great importance to any language.
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1.
Seanfhocail Gaelic proverbs are called “seanfhocail” – literally means “old words”. These soundbites of knowledge have been passed down for generations and offer excellent advice as well as being interesting learning materials.
2.
Tréanna
3.
Beannachtaí / Mallachtaí
4.
Logainmneacha
Triads (three together) – using arrangements of threes to encapsulate certain ideas. This form can be seen in 9th century manuscripts.
Irish blessings, greetings and curses are world famous. The words beannacht / mallacht derive from the Latin- benedictio (bene – good, dictio – talk) and maledictio ( bad – malicious talk)
The study of place names demonstrates an inextricable link with the language. The vast majority of placenames from county to town to parish to town lands along with geographical features are either Irish-language names or derived from an earlier Gaelic version.
Also covered in this section are: Tomhais: Riddles Rabhlóga: Tongue twisters Moladh – cáineadh: Praising and admonishing If you want your Gaeilge to sound natural, a good way to start is to work with authentic sentences. This ensures that the Gaeilge you are learning is really used and not something just out of a textbook.
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Tréanna - Triads The use of the triad form (arrangement into threes) to encapsulate certain ideas was particularly popular in the literatures of Celtic-speaking areas. A famous collection dating back to the 9th century covered a variety of topics, such as nature, geography, law, custom and behaviour.
Here are some samples: Na trí bhall den chorp is éasca a ghortú:
Na trí rud is deacra a thoghadh:
An ghlúin,
Bean,
an uillinn,
agus an tsúil
bó bhán,
capall
Na trí tréithe a bhaineas le hól:
Na trí rud is suntasaí: Bean bhreá,
rásúr,
agus teach ar ard
É a ól,
é a íoc,
é a iompar
Na trí bhreac is sciobtha sa bhfarraige:
Trí rud nach féidir a fhoghlaim:
Rón,
Fonn,
roc
agus ronnach
féile
Trí rud nach dtagann meirg orthu:
Trí rud nach féidir a cheilt:
Crú capaill,
Tart,
teanga mná, airgead sagairt.
Trí bhua an chait: Dearmad bhean an tí,
siúl gan torann,
Súil gabha i ndiaidh an tairne
agus grá
Trí rud nach bhfágann rian: radharc géar sa dorchadas.
Éinín ar an gcraobh,
Na trí shúil is géire: Súil circe i ndiaidh an ghráinne
tochas
agus filíocht
breac ar an linn,
is grá mná ar chroí fir.
Na trí rud is measa amuigh; Súil ógmhná i ndiaidh a grá ghil.
Béal searbh,
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intinn bhuartha
agus póca folamh
Seanfhocail 1
Ar scáth a chéile a mhaireann na daoine
Is fear an tsláinte na ná táinte
Is fear rith maith ná drochshesaamh.
Éist le fuaim na habhann agus gheobhfaidh tú breac
Céard a dhéanfadh mac an chait ach luch a mhárú
Is minic a bhíonn ciúin ciontach
Is binn béal ina thost
Cuir síoda ar ghabhar ach is gabhar i gcónaí é
Filleann an feall ar an bhfeallaire
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Seanfhocail 1
Is túisce deoch na scéal
Mol an óige agus tiocfaidh sí
Ná fág an sionnach i mbun na ngéanna
Ní dhéanfaidh an saol capall rása d’asal
Ní eitlíonn cuileog i mbéal dúnta
Ní mhealltar an sionnach faoi dhó
Ní neart go cur le chéile
Níl aon tinteán mar do thinteán fhéin
Giorraíonn bóthar.
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beirt
Seanfhocail 2
Aithníonn ciaróg ciaróg eile
Ní uasal ná íseal ach thuas seal ‘is thíos seal
Bíónn siúlach scéalach
Bíonn blas ar an mbeagán
Briseann an dúchas trí shúile an chait
Múineann gá seift
Is trom an tualach an leisce
An rud is annamh is iontach
Is maith an t-anlann an t-ocras
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Seanfhocail 2
saoi
An rud nach féidir ní féidir é.
Ní thagann ciall roimh aois
Nuair a bhíonn an bolg lán is maith leis na cnámha síneadh
Nuair a bhíonn an bhraon istigh bíonn an chiall amuigh.
Is fearr cairde ná ór
An rud is gaire don chroí is gaire don bhéal
Tús maith leath na hoibre
Is maith an scéalaí an aimsir
Ní bhíonn gan locht.
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Tomhais
Droichead ar loch gan mhaide gan chloch.
Chomh hard le balla, chomh dearg le fuil, chomh bán le sneachta, chomh milis le mill.
Cén rud a bhíonn ag corraí agus ag corraí agus nár chorraigh riamh as an áit.
Filleann sé ón sliabh de ló ‘s d’oíche ach ón machaire mín ní fhilleann sé choíche.
Céard atá ag duine nach féidir leis a choinnéail ach nóiméad amháin.
Tá sé ann ó thús ama agus níl sé ach mí d’aois.
Chomh bán le sneachta, chomh glas le féar, chomh dearg le fuil agus chomh dubh le simléar.
Dá aosta a bheadh sé is ea is lú a éireoidh sé.
Tá súil mhór amháin aige ach ní fheiceann sé aon rud léi.
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Tomhais
Chaith mé suas é chomh bán le bainne agus tháinig sé anuas chomh buí le hór.
Trí chois nach siúlann. Clab mór nach ndúnann.
Teachtaire beag ó theach go teach agus fanann sé amuigh san oíche.
Deatach sa ngleann agus gan aon splanc ann.
Céard nach foláir duit a choinneáil tar éis é a thabhairt uait.
Cén rud is mó a ritheann gan chosa ?
Dá mhéad a bhaintear as is ea is mó a éiríonn sé.
Tá sé ort agus ní trom leat é?
Cén tsúil nach bhfeiceann agus cén teanga nach labhraíonn?
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Beannachtaí Irish blessings, greetings and curses are world famous. The word beannacht derives from the latin- benedictio – (bene – good, dictio – talk)
Go méadaí Dia do stór - Nuair a thugann duine rud duit Nár laga Dia thú - Nuair a thugann duine cúnamh duit. Go gcuití Dia leat e - Nuair a dhéanann duine gar duit.
Dia idir sinn agus an anachain Go bhfóire Dia orainn - Nuair a chloisfeá drochscéal I bhfad uainn an anachain - Nuair a chloisfeá drochscéal
Go dtuga Dia slán abhaile thú - Le duine ag dul ar aistear fada. Go n-éirí an bóthar leat. - Le duine ag dul ar aistir bóthair. Go dtéigh tú slán - Le duine a bhí ag fágáil
Go maire sibh bhur nuaíocht - Le lánúin nuaphósta. Go maire tú is go gcaithe tú é. - Le duine a cheannódh rud nua. Go maire tú an céad - Le duine ar a breith lá.
Bail ó Dhia ort / ar an obair. - le duine a bheadh i mbun oibre. Go mba hé duit! - An freagra ar “Bail ó Dhia ort” Go raibh (míle) maith agat! - Thanks
Dia linn. - Le duine a bhí ag sraothfairt. Go ngnóthaí Dia dhuit! Agus tú ag fágáil slán ag duine. Dia go deo leat - Ag moladh duine
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Mallachtaí We normally hear about Irish blessings, but they were famous irish curses as well. Be careful with curses. They can come back to you. The word mallacht derives from the Latin maledictio ( bad – malicious, dictio – talk)
Titim gan éirí ort. Múchadh agus bá ort. Loscadh agus dó ort.
Imeacht gan teacht ort. Go n-imí an drochaimsir leat. Droch-rath ort.
Ná raibh tú ann ar maidin. Mo sheacht mallacht ort. Go dtachta an diabhal thú.
Nár chuireadh Dia an t-ádh ort! Go n-ithe an cat thú, is go n-ithe an diabhal an cat! Marbhfháisc ort!
An eascainí chéanna ort fhéin! Mallacht Chromail ort! Scread mhaidne ort!
Gabh suas ort fhéin! Gabh i dtigh Diabhail Freig soir thú agus an bád a thóg anoir thú
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Moladh - Téarmaí Ceanna Saying terms of endearment as Gaeilge will mean so much more to the person for which they are intended. These love phrases as Gaeilge should help you express your feelings to your special somebody.
Togha fir - togha cailín An-fhear - an-chailín tu féin Rinne tú thar cionn - thar barr
the best of / excellent good man/girl yourself you did very well
Mo ghrá go deo thú! Scaoil amach an pocaide! Fair play dhuit!
Well done (My love forever) Well done (Let out the billy goat) Well done (Fair play to you)
Mo cheol thú! Fáinne óir ort! Tréaslaím leat
You Are My Music A gold ring on you I commend you
Terms of Endearment A / mo chroí My sweetheart A /mo mhúirnín My Dear A stóirín My Darling A stór mo chroí My Heart’s Beloved A mhaicín mhuirneach My loving affectionate son A mhac bán My fair-haired son A ghrá ghil My Bright Love Mo mhíle grá You are my thousand loves A chuisle (mo chroí) You are my heartbeat. Grá mo chroí thú! You are the love of my heart. A Thaisce My treasure Is liomsa mo ghrá My beloved is mine Tá cion agam dhuit, I have affection for you Tá mé i ngrá leat! I love you Bheith i bpian an ghrá. To be lovesick Is breá liom thú I really like you
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Moladh - Cáineadh Is crá croí t(h)ú. Is pian sa tóin t(h)ú. Is cloigeann cipín t(h)ú.
You are a terrible nuisance You are a pain in the ass You are a featherhead
Tá sifil ort. Tá scail ort. Tá lúb ar lár ort.
You are dotty You have lost the run of yourself You aren’t the full shilling
A shuaracháin petty / mean / contempible person A straoiseacháin grinner / grimacer A shlíbhín sleaze-ball
A phleota! you idiot A phleidhce! you messer A cheoláin! you dimwit
A amhais A alpaire A shlíomadóir!
you savage you glutton you slimeball
Ag caint cacamais! Ag baothchaint Ag caint seafóide - ag caint ráiméise
talking bullshit. foolish talk talking nonsense
A chacsmuitín A raicleach A smaoiseacháin A scubaide
you gobshite you hussy you snot you hussy
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Logainmneacha (Placenames)
The placenames of Ireland are both ancient and interesting. Many of them come from a time when Gaeilge was spoken by a large majority of the population throughout the country and, containing both a wealth of knowledge and heritage, they are an important part of our culture. Many placenames were anglicised during the 19th century based on the words’ sound rather than meaning and, as a result, much of the sense and meaning was lost in translation. To find the original meaning of a placename, it is necessary to look at the original version as Gaeilge rather than the anglicised version. Many placenames can be grouped as follows: • Places where people lived, e.g. dún, ráth, caiseal… • Description of the land, e.g. corcach, brí, cluain, ard… • Names of trees, e.g. beith, iúr, eo, dair… • Religious names e.g. cill, domhnach, teampall… • Description of the countryside e.g. lug, rinn, ros… • Roads and paths e.g.bealach, slí, bóthar… • Rivers and features of rivers e.g. béal, eas, gabhal, áth…
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Logainmneacha (Placenames)
abhainn
river
droim, druim
ridge
achadh
field
dún
fort
aill, faill
cliff
each
horse
alt, ard
high land, height
eaglais
church
aonach
fair
eanach
áth
ford, river crossing
marsh, boggy ground
baile
town, townland
faiche
grassy land or plot
barr
top, summit
fearann
land
beag, beg
small
fraoch
heather
béal, bun bealach bearna binn brí caiseal, cathair caisleán caladh carn carraig cath ceann/cionn ceapach cill clár clochán
river mouth
gabhal
river fork garden
cluain cnoc coill craobh dair domhnach
meadow
garraí glas, glaise gort inis leac leath leithinis leitir lios loch machaire, má mainistir muileann mullach oileán páirc poll ráth rinn rua sí, sídh sliabh
path, way, pass gap peak hill circular stone fort castle port, harbour stack of stones rock battle headland planted ground church flat, level ground stepping stones or stone beehive hut hill wood branch oak church
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green, grey, stream field island flat stone or rock half peninsula hillside ring fort lake plain, flat land monastery mill hilltop, high land island field hole, pool earthen ring fort point, headland red, red place fairy mound mountain
Rabhlóga
Rug rón liath ar roc leathan rua.
Sionnach sleamhain slioctha ag seilg sicín séimh socair.
Fástar fataí fada feoite go fairsing le feamainn.
Ná bac le mac an bhacaigh ‘is ní bhacfaidh mac an bhacaigh leat.
Cheannaigh cailín cliste ceanúil císte clasach cearnach.
Tá neascóid ar ioscaid an easpaig!
Cearc uisce i mbarr uisce ag plobáil ‘is ag plabáil. Cé a déarfadh naoi n-uaire é gan anáil a tharraingt.
Gé roimh ghé, gé i ndiaidh gé agus gé idir dhá ghé. Cé
Meicneoir mear meanmnach ag méachan meacan i Muiceannach.
mhéad gé é sin?
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