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8 Sensory processing or sensory integration
Sensory processing or sensory integration
‘Sensory integration is the organisation of the senses for use.’ Dr A. Jean Ayres (2005, p. 5)
Sensory processing or sensory integration relates to the way the brain interprets the sensory input, or messages, that it receives.
The term ‘sensory integration’ (SI) was first used by occupational therapist Dr A. Jean Ayres in 1950. After noticing that the pupils she was working with were processing sensory information differently, Dr Ayres developed her treatment approach. This pupil-led approach helps pupils’ brains to better understand and organise, or integrate, sensory inputs. In the 2000s, there was a shift to using the term ‘sensory processing disorder’ (SPD). This term was initially published by Dr Lucy Miller, another occupational therapist. The terms sensory processing and sensory integration are now sometimes used interchangeably. However, theoretically they are represented by different models. If a pupil is not processing sensory information adequately, you may notice sensitivity to noises or touch, poor body awareness, difficulty in planning and organising new activities/ movements, inattention and slower to respond to information, reduced endurance or poor postural control. SPD is not a formally recognised diagnosis. Sensory hypo- and hyper-responsivity are recognised in the autism diagnostic criteria. Dyspraxia is recognised under developmental coordination disorder (DCD). However, currently there is insufficient evidence to support sensory processing as a standalone diagnosis. SI difficulties are associated with a number of diagnoses but can also be seen independently.
Teaching tip
If you do have concerns about a pupil, speak with your SENDCo. You can also make a referral to an occupational therapist (Idea 29) or other professionals (Idea 30) for further advice.
Taking it further
This video describes sensory processing from a pupil’s perspective: www.youtube.com/ watch?v=D1G5ssZlVUw.
