9 minute read
Unit 10 - Energy
Forms of Energy
1. Read the clues and complete the crossword.
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Forms of Energy
1
3 4
5
10 9 8 6 2
7
Down
1. The movement of thermal energy. 2. Gasoline is an example of this form of stored energy. 4. Energy of moving objects. 7. This form of energy moves in waves and allows us to see. 8. Energy that moves in pressure waves in the air.
Across
3. Energy is the ability to do .
5. A form of energy related to heat. 6. This form of energy powers your smartphone. 9. Another word for stored energy. 10. Light travels as waves of and electrical fields.
2. List and briefly describe the different forms of energy in each image.
Heat
Materials
• plastic container • beaker • thermometer • ice • stopwatch
Make a Prediction
How will thermal energy move when a beaker of cold water is placed in a container of warm water?
Procedure
1. Fill the plastic container with warm water until it is three-quarters full. 2. Fill the beaker with water and ice.
3. Use the thermometer to measure the temperature of the water in the container and the beaker.
4. Place the beaker in the container of warm water. Start the stopwatch. Use the thermometer to measure the temperature of the water in the beaker and the container every 5 minutes for 20 minutes.
Observations
1. Record your observations in the table.
2. In the space below, create a line graph to represent the data in the table.
Temperature of Water in Beaker (oC) Temperature of Water in Container (oC) Start 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min
Analyze and Interpret
Was your prediction correct? Describe how thermal energy moved between the water in the beaker and the water in the container.
Thermal Energy Transfer
1. Use your textbook to help you fill in the blanks. (a) The movement of thermal energy within an object is called . Thermal energy also moves in this way
when objects are .
(b) Thermal energy transferred from one region of a fluid to another due to movements within the fluid is called .
(c) is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves.
2. Label the types of heat transfer.
Thermal Conductivity Challenge
Thermal conductivity is an important property for engineers designing solutions where it is required to keep things warm. Examples of such solutions include vacuum flasks, fleece clothing and insulation for houses and buildings. Now it’s your turn. In small groups, design and build a container that can keep one liter of water warm for as long as possible. Use a thermometer to monitor the water temperature over time.
Materials
List the materials you will use.
Procedure
List the steps you will take to build your design.
Draw a Model
Draw a labeled model of your design.
Observations
Create a table to record the changes in water temperature over time.
Analyze and Interpret
Compare your observations and design with other groups. How could you improve your design to keep water warm for a longer time?
How Light Travels – Comprehension
1. Use your textbook to help you fill in the blanks. (a) Light is a form of that is made of vibrating
and fields.
(b) Light waves vibrate to one another and also to the direction the light waves are travelling.
(c) Light can travel through
and in a
(d) Light waves travel out from their source in straight lines called .
2. What type of waves are light waves?
3. What is the speed of light in the vacuum of space?
4. How long does it take for the light from the Sun to reach the Earth?
Reflection Challenge
Materials
• flashlight • index card • mirrors • clothes pegs
Procedure
1. Draw a target on the index card and attach two clothes peg to its base, as shown in the illustration.
Place the target on the far end of a table.
2. Use stacks of books, pencil cases and any other classroom objects to set up obstacles around the target. Make sure that the target cannot be seen directly from the opposite end of the table. 3. Turn on the flashlight and place it on the table.
4. Attach clothes pegs to the base of each mirror so that it can stand up on the table. 5. The challenge is to place the mirrors on the table such that they reflect the light from the flashlight to hit the target.
Observations
Draw and label your maze. Use a ruler to draw the path of the light from the flashlight to the target.
Analyze and Interpret
1. Were you able to hit the target with the light from the flashlight?
2. What properties of light can you infer from this activity?
Refraction of Light
Materials
• two beakers • cooking oil • two pencils
Procedure
1. Fill one beaker with water until it is two-thirds full.
2. Fill the other beaker with oil until it is two-thirds full.
3. Place a pencil into each beaker and observe how they appear from the side.
4. Draw how the pencils looked in each beaker.
Observations
Draw how the pencils looked in each beaker.
water oil
Analyze and Interpret
1. Describe what you observed in each beaker. Why did this occur?
2. What can you infer about how light travels in oil compared to water?
Make a Sundial
• ruler
Materials
• modeling clay • pebbles • watch or clock
Procedure
1. Find a suitable spot outside that receives direct sunlight. 2. Place one end of the ruler in a piece of modeling clay and place it on the ground so that it is standing straight up. 3. Every hour, place a pebble at the end of the shadow formed by the ruler. You may need to do this over a few days to ensure you have markings for the morning and late afternoon hours.
4. Take a reading of the sundial at three different times during the day. Compare your readings to the actual time on a clock and record your observations.
Observations
1. Draw and label your sundial.
2. Complete the table.
Sundial Time Actual Time Difference
Occasion 1
Occasion 2
Occasion 3
Analyze and Interpret
1. Were you able to accurately tell the time using the sundial? Explain.
2. Why are sundials not reliable at telling the time every day?
Visible Light – Comprehension
1. Use your textbook to help you fill in the blanks. (a) The color of light we see depends on the and of the light waves.
(b) We see light waves with wavelengths and frequencies as violets and blues.
(c) We see light waves with wavelengths and frequencies as reds and oranges.
(d) The light from the Sun, called
mixture of all of the colors in the light spectrum. light is a
(e) The spreading of white light into its component colors is called .
(f) We see a white piece of paper as because
it all of the light waves that hit it.
2. Explain why the blocks appear as green and blue respectively. (a)
(b)
Energy
1. Provide an example where energy causes change.
2. How is the speed and mass of an object related to the amount of kinetic energy it has?
3. Describe the energy conversion that takes place as an apple falls from a branch.
4. What makes electrical energy useful to people?
5. Describe how heat moves when a hot spoon is placed into a glass of cold water.
6. What is a convection current? Draw a simple diagram with arrows to assist in your explanation.
7. How does bringing an object closer to a light source affect the shadow that is made?
8. What causes a rainbow?
9. Describe the shadows formed when light hits: (a) a transparent object. (b) a translucent object. (c) an opaque object. 10. What is ultraviolet light?
