Functionality

 Use of universal design principles is key, including gathering requirements from the appropriate user groups and the development of a single interface for all functions, rather than separate devices or interfaces.  “Zero-effort technologies” that require little orno effort from the user will limit the opportunity for user error. Designers and engineers should place the burden on advanced computational techniques to interpret data andbe responsive to user needs.  For wearable sensors, design input should include an assessment of the appropriate sensor size and the need for compatibility with human tissue, especially for systems to be used over an extended period of time. When possible, truly non-invasive solutions should be sought. It must also be recognized that wearing the sensors should be comfortable, and garments should be durable to survive multiple washings.  When considering user adoption, “user” should also include clinicians and caregivers. The ease of collecting volumes of data can lead to information overload. Users do not necessarily want more data—they want meaningful data. It is important that data be rendered in a meaningful way and that systems do not produce inaccurate results, especially false positives for emergency or predictive situations. (Some ofthe challenges related to linking raw data to meaningful measures are also discussed inthe Data and Algorithms section below.)  Current Federal and industry standards focus on IT access rather than usability. To ensure accessible and usable services, including interoperable medical devices, universal design principles must be applied to information and communication technologies. Some standards for accessibility for telecommunications services and web content have been outlined in the

Telecommunication Act Accessibility Guidelines (TAAG) 41 and the Web Content Accessibility

Guidelines (WCAG).42 The TAAG and WCAG standards have as their express purpose to make information and communication technology and internet websites more accessible to persons with a disability. Therefore, IT designed to meet TAAG or WCAG standards will be more accessible to older adults, including those with disabilities.

Functionality Several identified R&D recommendations rely on specific methods or technologies, and improvements inthe current performance characteristics of these technologies are needed for broader deployment.  Systems to detect fraudulent bank withdrawal patterns within financial institutions.  Enhanced algorithms to automatically identify fraudulent emails, include phishing, swindles for

Medicare “refunds, ”and offers of“free” medical supplies.  Biometric recognition methods for transaction verification.  Improved systems for accessibility and hands-free use of technology.

41 https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/communications-and-it/about-thetelecommunications-act-guidelines/section-255-guidelines 42 https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag