MINISTRY OF ECONOMY OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN. REGIONAL ASPECT
This material is intended for a wide circle of readers of different ages and social groups; it gives information about the gender dimensions of sustainable development in the Kyrgyz Republic. The publication is built on the National strategy for sustainable development of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2013-2017 and the Programme and plan for transition to sustainable development for years 2013 -2017
Development of the regions is the most important task for the country, since the economic and social sustainability of regions gives the stability of the country as a whole and economic links of the regions allow tying together the whole economy of the country. National strategy for sustainable development of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2013-2017 http://www.president.kg
Sustainable development is a development of the society, which provides for equal attention to economic, social and environmental components of development, focuses on the interests of the people and future generations.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN. REGIONAL ASPECT. «There is no development of the country with no contribution of the regions into the economy » T.A. Sariev, the Minister of the Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic Economic growth in the Kyrgyz Republic up to the present time is mainly due to the uncontrolled use of natural resources. There are huge losses and the degradation of natural capital. In general, according to the expert estimates more than 75% of the country runs the increased risk of degradation of natural capital. Disregard of the depreciation of natural capital in the calculation of economic indicators on the macro and micro level leads to a distortion of the financial results, which, in turn, leads to environmental degradation and unsustainable development. In view of the problems in the country related to the rule of priority of economic benefits "at any cost", the transition to sustainable development is evident, and in the context of rising risks wasting and shrinkage of natural resources and environmental pollution, the relevance is multifold. The peculiarities of the sustainable development: • • • • • • •
Economic growth is considered through the prism of human values and rational use of natural resources Economic development as a whole through risk management A healthy environment “Zero waste” "(ideally) Management quality Life quality and social progress Financial and technical assistance from developed countries to the third world’s sustainable development.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN. REGIONAL ASPECT
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This model describes interlink of social issues, economic development and environment. Therefore, with no maintenance of the favourable environment it is impossible to reach high indicators of the
nation health. This leads to lack of adequate labour resources foe the economics. These logic interlinks is the base for the concept of the sustainable development.
KYRGYZSTAN'S POLICY ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: chronology of events:
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NSSD till 2017 is approved that was declared by the President as “Five year plan for creation 2017” (January 2013)
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Development of the country document “Priorities of the green economy in the Kyrgyz Republic”, national consultations Rio+20 (March – June, 2012)
The National Council on sustainable development under the President of the KR (November 2012). The political course is to the sustainable development
For the implementation of NSSD the Government has developed the Programme for transition to the sustainable development (March 2013)
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The work plans of ministries for 2014 were approved for the first year of implementation of the approved five year plan of the Government of KR
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN. REGIONAL ASPECT
Participation in the summit Rio+20
The Parliament first time ever has adopted five year Programme of the Government for transition to the sustainable development (2013-2017) (December 18, 2013)
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The Programme for sustainable development of Naryn for 2014-2017 and the Strategy for the sustainable development of Suusamyr ayil aimak for 2014-2017 were developed and adopted
Broad consultation for the sustainable development: “the future we want” (since August 2012)
In September 2013 in New York the delegation of Kyrgyzstan has presented NSSD for 2017 at the UN General Assembly
The development of the long term strategy of the sustainable development 2030 (The decree of the Government, March 2014)
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Regional and local strategies and programmers for sustainable development are being developed
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LOCAL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT In 22 years of independence, Kyrgyzstan has clearly written neither regional policy nor good governance at the local level. Because the administrative approach has prevailed in governance, it has generated the idea of local self-government as the grass roots level state machines.
desertification in the border areas, etc. It should be said that regional development is not yet fully integrated civil society institutions possessing a variety of resources and implement its initiatives.
Previously developed strategies for the development of regions and local communities have included many priorities that attempted to provide a comprehensive development.
Transition of the regions for sustainable development
Difficulties of regions In conditions of insufficient resources and coordination with sectoral policies could not be implemented fully and the situation on the ground remains complex. Only 20% of the areas are not receiving subsidies. The remaining 80%- aymaks that receive subsidy, their income is not sufficient to cover the expenditure budgets. This means that out of 22 cases of local importance, by law, is implemented in a restricted mode, and some are not executed at all, such as economic development, drinking water, maintenance of local roads, etc. The problems of regions such as limited and the worn out infrastructure are still relevant. State of the local budgets did not allow running and manage development processes. This situation causes social tensions and fraught with conflicts. A serious consequence of poverty in the regions is the internal and external migration. According to estimates by the Center for employment of the Ministry of labour, migration and youth in 2012, at least 700 thousand citizens of Kyrgyzstan were winning bread in foreign countries. The high level of internal migration from the villages to the cities, especially in Bishkek, where 26% of internal migrants. The active movement of population from the regions to the capital and abroad gives rise to lack of qualified specialists in virtually all sectors, social abandonment,
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Where the problems came from? You need to ask the people that they care about! We say: the road to the universe starts from the doorstep of your house. An expert sitting in his office has no clue of what is going on at grass root. How can he solve my personal problem, for example irrigation water? How can he plan sitting in his office? For our sustainable development, it is desirable that state strategic plans include at least indirectly strategic plans of local development. Those who plan and develop national programmes-also came, perhaps, from the field, and they are not alien to local problems-clean water, irrigation water ... The main thing is that they have not forgotten their roots ... Jakesh uulu Maksat, thespecialists on architecture and town planning of Ak-Talaa rayon of Naryn oblast:
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN. REGIONAL ASPECT
Sustainable development of the regions is essential for the sustainable development of the country. Foundation for transition to sustainable development of the regions is in place and they will be used to start processes of regional sustainable development: • the main development resource – a human being, a citizen of a country with flexible thinking, adaptability, tolerance, hard work, initiative, education, understanding nature, patriotism and freedom; • the political will to reform, commitment to the country's leadership and political groups the principles of sustainable development; • the legislation, with some reservations, but allowing to start the processes of sustainable development of the regions; • self-developing local government and other institutions of governance;
• projects not limited to the energy and mining industries, attractive for investment; • the availability of certain regional products in demand in domestic and foreign markets and to develop brands in regions, districts and communities; • unique ecosystems, particularly mountain; participation in various international associations and etc. Transition of the regions for sustainable development would include policies, which take account of the real state of affairs in the region and based on market specialization, interregional trade and a profound understanding of the environmental, social and political circumstances of each region. Reliance on them provides a unique opportunity to strengthen the capacity of regions, their financial autonomy, to retain the environmental benefits, enhance the quality of life of the population through the development of priorities for regional economies-the "locomotives" of sustainable development. For the development of the regions, the Government will take the following measures: •
Regional studies to determine the main traditional priority that can become the "locomotive" of local development;
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INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN REGIONS Total 174 projects with 47717.8 mln som funding
Talas oblast, 23 projects – 981.6 mln.som
Issyk-Kul oblast, 17 projects – 28813.4 mln.som
Chui oblast, 11 projects – 8503.2 mln.som
Osh oblast, 35 projects – 3870.6 mln.som
Batken oblast, 57 projects – 3980 mln.som
Naryn oblast, 26 projects – 1260.1 mln. som
Jalal-Abad oblast, 7 projects 308.9 mln.som
INVESTMENT PROJECTS BY SPHERES Today, with a lack of resources, it is impossible to develop all spheres of economic activity in each region. In connection with this, the model of targeted project development of regions was chosen. The introduction of targeted project model of sustainable development of the regions, shall take into account the resource potential and climatic features. Due to
this, the regions of Kyrgyzstan will become more recognizable both inside and outside the country, finding sustainable and specific brands that today really emerged, such as “Talas beans”, “Batken apricot”, “Uzgen rice”, “Jalal-Abad curative mineral water” and others.
Development of economy
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN. REGIONAL ASPECT
Water and irrigation
Transport
Social objects
Energy
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Kyrgyzstan. Regions POVERTY
Agricultural land (ha/pers)
KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - 38% (37%)
39.5% 28.1%
Talas oblast
23.6% 16.6%
Issyk-Kul oblast
46.4% 55.7%
Chui oblast
43.8% 39.9%
Jalal-Abad oblast
Osh oblast
1.46%
40.9% 00.0%
10.6%
3.15%
53.9% 34.2%
For example, the natural potential of agricultural land Naryn and Talas oblasts is great. With the effective and rational use of it can become a major source of poverty reduction. For example, the natural potential of agricultural land Naryn and Talas oblasts is great. With the effective and rational use of it can become a major source of poverty reduction.
Chui oblast has a low level of poverty through the operation of the industry. Here are the basic enterprises of industry and has potential for profitability. It is necessary to pay special attention to minimize environmental impacts and implement rehabilitation measures. The land is limited and one should minimize the degradation of natural resources.
Batken, Osh, Jalal-Abad region have limitations in terms of resource potential of farmland. Therefore,
3.57%
80% LOCAL BUDGETS
Not subsided self-governments
20%
National level
National strategy for sustainable development of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2013-2017 and the Programme and plan for transition to sustainable development for years 2013 -2017
Sectoral level
Sectoral, industrial strategies and programmes
1.63%
Данные за 2012 год
LOCAL BUDGETS Subsided local self -governments
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
1.31%
Batken oblast
EXTREME POVERTY - 2.8% (4.4%) RURAL POVERTY - 41.4% (39.6%)
LOCAL BUDGETS
resource conservation, land rehabilitation, the introduction of new technology should occupy an important place in the development programmes.
Osh
Naryn oblast
43.4% 51.4%
1.76%
LOCAL KENESHES
Breakdown of local members of keneshes by gender
86,б% LOCAL KENESHES
Breakdown of local members of keneshes by gender
13,4%
LOCAL KENESHES
23.1% 39.6%
Natural potential in many ways sets the vector of development and priorities of development programmes (Info graphic: Kyrgyzstan. Regions.).
Regional level
Strategies of Osh, Naryn, Batken, Talas, Jalal-Abad, Issyk-Kul, Chui oblasts Plans, Programmes of rayons, ayil aimaks
Source: НСК, Программа и план перехода Кыргызской Республики к устойчивому развитию 2013-2017 г.
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN. REGIONAL ASPECT
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What should be considered during development of the programmes, strategies in the context of the SD at the local level Education for the sustainable development
Development of organic agriculture Orientation to the development of renewable energy resources
Climate change adaptation measures
Energy efficiency Orientation to the development of clean technologies
Economic issues
Social issues
Access to clean water and other resources Gender dimension
Environmental impact assessment for the projects of economic significance
Infrastructure
Environment
Environmental assessment of the infrastructure Monitoring and minimization of ecological risks during project implementation
Preservation of natural ecosystems Pasture protection Establishment of the zones of biota Prevention of environment protection requirements violations
Facts of interrelation of poverty and environment Economic constituent of the pasture use in Naryn oblast is 468 731 300 som
Losses in cattle breeding from land degradation in 2009 made 29 542 14 mln som
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN. REGIONAL ASPECT
Economic losses related to infectious pathology in the country made more than 100 mln USD
One of the initiatives of the Ministry of economy with the support of the socio-economic cluster of UNDP and UNDP area based Development Program in Batken, Naryn, Osh is the development of a module on sustainable development and its piloting in the regions. So, in 2014, 68 local government representatives, NGOs, regional administrations were trained not only to receive information on sustainable development at the local level, and to acquire skills to develop local development plans, taking into account the principles of sustainable development. Answering to the questions on issues that impede their territories to transit to the sustainable development, the participants said low awareness in the issues of sustainable development, low capacity, wrong perception and inability to integrate these issues into planning process, underdevelopment of the social infrastructure (hospitals, feldsher-midwife stations, kindergartens, sport grounds), ignorance and impact of ecological problems to the health, economic development. Most of participants noted bad treatment of environment, unemployment, intense flow of population to the cities, lack of potable water and lack of effective communication of the state bodies with local people, their needs and interests. Observation during the training and analyses of the questionnaires showed that issues of sustainable development is relevant at the local level. In a short period people could understand interlink of eolcoy, economy and social policy during strategic planning.
Strategic planning is an essential element of sustainable development, but in order for this process to be effective, one need to start it from the bottom. You need to work with experts who understand local issueseconomists, heads of ayils, zoologists, and agricultural specialists. Because their opinions will give the best effect. To do this, one should carry out often trainings, seminars, and during meetings - when they are convened in the villages, to tell people what is sustainable development and report to the people on what has been achieved. Arif Marasulov, Economist-statistics in aiyl okmotu; Uch-Korgon ayil okmotu of Kadamjay rayon, Batken oblast
UNICEF research in the frame of the World Bank project implemented by ARIS says that in 2013 the Government has spent 51 712 389 (about 1mln USD) som for the treatment of hepatitis A in children
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DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS
Growth of gross output of agriculture, forestry and fishery is in Jalal-Abad and (103.6%) Osh (101.0%) oblasts.
The number of unemployed in the Kyrgyz Republic has reduced at 1.4%, but in a number of oblasts there is growth including in Batken (122.9%), Issyk-Kul (100.8%)and Osh (100.7%) oblasts
Reduction of gross output of agriculture in Issyk-Kul, Naryn, Talas and Chui oblast, as well as in Bishkek and Osh The volume of market services has increased in all regions of the country except Batken (94.6%) and Osh (98.7%) oblasts. Big contribution into market services is after activities in Bishkek (52.4%) and Chui oblast (12.8%)
Growth in volume of industrial goods in Talas (113.0%), Naryn (109.9%), Issyk-Kul (109.1%) oblasts, in Osh (107.9%) except for Batken (83.6%) and Jalal-Abad oblasts, in Bishkek (99.1%)
The volume of implemented investments into assets decreased in Batken (36.1%) and Chui (94.6%) oblasts The growth was in Naryn (195.0%), Jalal-Abad (132.3%), Osh (112.5%), Talas (108.1%) and Issyk-Kul (101.1%) oblasts and in Bishkek (146.6%) and Osh (138.2%)
The approval of the list of activities to implement the first stage of the State programme and the Plan of activities to implement the State programme to ensure security and social and economic development of transboundary territories that have special status for 2013-2016
The interdepartmental working group to develop the draft of the plan of activities on social and economic development of Batken oblast
Source: Department of macroeconomic policies of the Ministry of economy (October, 2014.)
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN. REGIONAL ASPECT
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THE BROCHURE IS PUBLISHED WITH THE SUPPORT “POVERTY/ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE” IN KYRGYZSTAN (2011-2014) The brochure is published with the support “Poverty/environment initiative” in Kyrgyzstan (2011-2014) The initiative “Poverty/Environment” is a global initiative of UNDP/UNEP that support efforts on a country level to integrate ecological management into national and regional processes of planning through technical assistance and capacity development. To support changes in organizations, policy the Initiative focuses attention to the integration of poverty and environment into national policy, plans, sectoral strategies in development ad at the regional planning. The purpose of the integration of poverty and environment is to achieve sustainable changes in these directions by the decision of the Government, partners via environment oriented at management targeted at support of poor population, key activities of the Government, sectoral development strategies , poverty reduction and sectoral planning and investment. More information on the Initiative www.unpei.org
CONTACT INFORMATION: Ministry of Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic Bishkek, Chui prospect, 106 Tel: 0312-625241 www.mineconom.kg Social economic development UNDP, Poverty/Environment Initiative in the Kyrgyz Republic Bishkek, Manas str, 101/1, 5th floor, office 616 Tel: +996312694380 www.unpei.org www.kg.undp.org