Green Fleet Magazine January/February 2012 by Bobit Business Media

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JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012

VOL. 2, NO. 1

Mitsubishi Debuts New ‘i’-Catching EV FREE MONEY: Fleet Goes Green with $2.1 Million in Grants Transform Existing Equipment: 10 Aftermarket Providers That Can Help

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CONTENTS J A N U A R Y

F E B R U A R Y

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features 6 Green Practices Make Perfect There isn’t a one-size-fits-all answer to fleet sustainability. There are a number of ways fleets can reduce their carbon footprints while helping the bottom line.

10 GE Creates an Electric Experience (Center) GE Capital Fleet Services breaks ground on a new customer experience and learning center, giving fleet managers a chance to evaluate electric and alternative-fuel vehicles.

12 It IS Easy Being Green If an OEM doesn’t offer an alternative-fuel option for an automobile or light-duty truck, there is probably a second-stage manufacturer or aftermarket supplier who does.

18 Mitsubishi’s ‘i-Catching’ Electric Vehicle The all-new electric vehicle features an EPA-rated 112 MPGe combined fuel efficiency in the city and a price tag $6,000 less than its mainstream competitors.

20 Green Fleet Conference Attendance Grows Attendees packed general sessions and breakout rooms at the 4th annual conference. Highlights also included a 35-vehicle ride-and-drive and several award ceremonies.

22 Pepsi Beverages Company Adds HydrogenInjected Trucks With an expected goal of increasing fuel economy by 15 percent per year and reducing fuel usage by more than 4,200 gallons per vehicle, per year, Pepsi Beverages Company is looking toward alternative fuels for its delivery fleet.

24 Closing the ‘Barn Door’: The Benefit of a Green Garage In the “good old days,” getting the job done trumped costs and resources. For today’s fleets, that isn’t the case.

22 26 Cutting Emissions: ‘As Long as We Both Shall Live’ A Midwestern couple works to reduce petroleum use along the shores of Lake Michigan.

departments

28 Leveraging Grants to Build a Superb

Letters

Sustainability Program

Industry News

Many fleets striving to begin or expand sustainability programs often get tripped up by lack of money — but there is help. Grants can provide major funding for sustainability projects.

34 Green Vehicle Showcase 36 Editorial

32 Ready for Civic Duty All-new and rebranded for 2012, the Honda Civic Natural Gas vehicle is rebranded and ready for the road. Sporting a new name and refined features, it made an impressive show at the Green Fleet Conference.

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LETTERS Fuel Conservation versus Engine Wear-and-Tear I have a question about the edi-torial on modifying driver behaviorr through eco-driving. (See September/October 2011 issue.) I’m wondering if you know of any studies or articles that dealt with downshifting your vehicle to slow or stop and the fuel consumption used as a result. I’m wondering how much fuel consumption would be saved d if a driver could rely on brakes 100 percent to slow or stop a vehicle instead of the engine (brake wear-and-tear and brake issues aside, obviously). Sent via e-mail by Leanne Criswell (The below response was written by Eric Strom, maintenance product manager for GE Capital Fleet Services.) There are a limited number of technical articles available on this subject. We believe scanning ahead allows you to see a red light well in advance and you come off the gas sooner. This reduces fuel use, saves wear on the brakes, and decreases the risk of being struck from behind because you are coming to a gradual stop versus an abrupt stop. We recommend coasting to a stop when you can and applying brakes, as this also helps alert those behind you of the need to slow down. Brakes are going to be less costly to fix or replace versus the clutch or transmission.

It Seems So Obvious to Me, But So Difficult for Others There is a major focus on electric vehicles (EVs) in the United Kingdom (UK). Currently, there are more active charging points in the UK than EVs to use them. This is a total waste of resources, as far as I see in the long-term perspective, as we generate the electricity from (mostly) fossil fuels; shove it through a national grid that’s only about 35-percent efficient; then cart around heavy batteries for short distances. The reality of the current car parc across the world says we can do more good — financially and environmentally — if we get serious about what/how we drive now, rather than rely on technology to save us begin2

ning some unknown n ti in the future. time Sorry, I’ve jumped on my hobbyhorse, but it m all just seems so obvial ous to me, but so diffio cu to others. cult Keep up the good work! wo Stewart Whyte Director Fleet-Audits Petersfield, UK

City of Kansas City Operating a Decade-Old CNG Program We are very proud of the fact that we have a decade-old compressed natural gas (CNG) program and are considered leaders in the area of operating CNG vehicles. But, to be honest, it’s been a challenge. Because of a lack of CNG vehicles and scarce funding to support the program, we’ve been stuck at around 200 vehicles, which only represent about 8 percent of the City’s powered units. That changed in a dramatic way in the last few years. Using American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) grant funds through the Clean Cities program, as well as Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) grants, by the end of 2011 we will have deployed more than 150 new, American-made alternative-fuel vehicles that include mainly CNG, but also include battery-electric, hybrid-electric, and propane vehicles and equipment. But, we are not the big story. For the first time, other local government fleets have joined us in making a major move to CNG. The largest being the Kansas City, Kan., School District, which installed a CNG station and placed 47 CNG-powered school buses in service with capabilities for further expansion. Based on the number of phone calls and e-mails I’ve been getting from other fleets and the media recently, I think fleet managers across our area (possibly the nation) are now taking a closer look at how vulnerable the U.S. is to foreign oil and all of the problems from our deep-rooted governmental and institutional dependency on it. What do you think? I know for me, it’s very rewarding to show other fleets

that it is possible to kick the oil addiction. In fact, I’d say it’s the most rewarding part of my job. Samuel Swearngin, CAFM Fleet Administrator General Services, Central Fleet Div. City of Kansas City, Mo. For more details on Kansas City’s CNG program, see the article entitled “Kansas City Gets Motivated for Natural Gas” in the November/December 2011 issue. Through dedicated grant seeking, the CNG portion of the City’s fleet includes 209 light-duty, 10 medium-duty, and 56 heavy-duty vehicles. The next step for the City will be to outsource its alternative-fuel stations to a CNG provider to allow the City to grow its capacity faster. — Editor

Decreased Reliance on Mideast Oil Management would support green fleet initiatives if they are not too cost prohibitive. For example, we are looking at downsizing nine sedans for one of our user departments from six- and eight-cylinder engines to fourcylinder models this year. We are also in the process of doing a request for proposals for a gasoline/propane conversion pilot program with a minimum of five vehicles. We are excited about the prospects and, if the program proves successful, we have management support to expand the use of propane to additional vehicles. We all should work toward getting our country completely away from reliance on foreign oil for our fuel needs and, I believe, it can be done. It is a proven fact that we have the resources right here in the United States. We all know, restrictions on increasing domestic fuel production seem to be a matter of getting past environmental, legal, and political roadblocks. There must be a way to establish some sort of middleground that will satisfy the needs of all parties involved. Another part of the challenge, especially in rural areas like ours, is the lack of infrastructure to support alternativefuel options. Michael Blanck Fleet Services Director Douglas County Fleet Services Roseburg, Ore.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

CLEARWATER, FL – Verizon added 13 Ford cargo vans to its Florida fleet, which it has converted to run on compressed natural gas (CNG). The company also added 20 hybrid vehicles to its Florida fleet in 2011. To date, Verizon’s domestic program has involved purchasing more than 600 Chevrolet hybrid pickup trucks, hybrid sedans, and hybrid aerial-lift trucks. Verizon has also purchased more than 500 cargo vans and aerial lift trucks converted to run on CNG. The increase in the use of alternative fuels not only includes the purchase of new vehicles, but also a program to facilitate biofuel use in vehicles already in the Verizon fleet. Where applicable, conventional vehicles will run on biodiesel or E-85. Verizon estimates these vehicles will help the company cut more than 2,550 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions and conserve some 290,000 gallons of fuel annually. EPA AWARDS $50 MILLION FOR CLEAN DIESEL PROJECTS WASHINGTON – The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has awarded $50 million for clean diesel projects. These efforts will replace, retrofit, or repower more than 8,000 older school buses, trucks, locomotives, vessels and other diesel-powered machines, the EPA said. A full list of the grant winners is available at www. epa.gov/cleandiesel/projects/ awards-2011.htm.

DTNA Celebrates 1,000th Natural Gas Truck ANAHEIM, CA – Daimler Trucks North America a

(DTNA) delivered its 1,000th natural gas truck, the first Freightliner M2 112 compressed naturall gas (CNG) truck with a Cummins Westport ISL G engine, to customer Ryder System, Inc. during a ceremony to commemorate the milestone at Angel Stadium in Anaheim, Calif. The 1,000th Freightlin er natural gas vehicle , an M2 112 CNG truck, The Freightliner M2 112 CNG truck is was delivered durin ga ceremony at Angel Sta powered by a Cummins Westport ISL G 8.9L dium in Anaheim, Ca lif. engine, the only one of its kind that is a factoryproduced, dedicated natural gas engine. The 1,000th Freightliner natural gas vehicle was manufactured at DTNA’s plant in Mt. Holly, N.C. DTNA leads the automotive manufacturing market in the production of natural gas-powered conventional commercial vehicles with a combined sales figure of 3,600 natural gas vehicles across its Daimler Trucks North America brands, including Thomas Built Buses and Freightliner Custom Chassis. The company also celebrated its 1,000th hybrid vehicle in 2011 at the DTNA manufacturing plant in Mt. Holly, N.C.

Workshop Addresses Plug-In EV Concerns SIMI VALLEY, CA – Approximately 80 attendees representing several Southern California fleets, 15 local governments, transportation agencies, automakers, automotive and charging station manufacturers, air quality control, and utility companies gathered Oct. 24 for the Plug-In Electric Vehicle Readiness Workshop at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Museum and Library. Southern California Edison (SCE) presented the workshop as a forum to discuss the state of electric vehicles and the current opportunities and challenges. Darren Kettle, executive director of the Ventura County Transportation Commission, welcomed participants and opened the meeting, followed by remarks from Glen Becerra, SCE chief of staff local public affairs and Simi Valley council member; Duke Blackwood, executive director of the Ronald Reagan Museum and Library; and Mike Sedell, Simi Valley city manager. Infrastructure was the primary topic of discussion, with Mark Duvall from the Electric Power Research Institute emphasizing the need for geographically dispersed infrastructure. “We can’t afford to throw infrastructure where it won’t be used,” said Duvall. Other issues to consider include working with the proper departments in regards to building codes, permits, installation, and inspections. Rick Teebay, program manager for the County of Los Angeles Office of Sustainability moderated a panel discussion, asking d automaker, local government, and charging station representatives, “Is the EV market here?” Panelists agreed more work must be done to ensure EV viability, but that a “strong future” is in store, at least in California. Images from the event are available online at www. Southern California Edison presented the Plug-In Electric Vehicle automotive-fleet.com. Click on Readiness Workshop as a forum to discuss the state of electric the “Photo Galleries” header. PHOTO BY: GRACE SUIZO

VERIZON ADDS 13 CNG VANS TO FLORIDA FLEET

vehicles and the current opportunities and challenges.

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Pennsylvania Fleets Awarded $4.4 Million in Alt-Fuel Grants

Vice President Group Publisher, Auto Group Sherb Brown

HARRISBURG, PA – The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) an-

nounced it will award more than $4.4 million in Alternative Fuels Incentive Grants to 12 projects across the state. The projects will help develop the state’s natural gas and electric vehicle infrastructure, and achieve emissions reductions equivalent to taking 10,000 cars off the road, the agency said. The grants, funded by a portion of the state’s annual utilities gross receipts tax, will encourage new markets for alternative fuels, fleets, and technologies across Pennsylvania. Recipients include Talon Logistics Inc., the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Waste Management of PA Inc., Butler Transit Authority, River Valley Transit, 350 Green LLC, Republic Services of PA LLC, Cranberry Taxi Inc./Veterans Taxi, Pittsburgh Regional Clean Cities, Berks County Intermediate Unit, Clearfield County Area Agency, and Phoenix Contact Inc. Details on how these grants will be used are available at www.greenfleetmagazine.com. Keywords: Pennsylvania fleets.

Editor

Mike Antich (310) 533-2467

Managing Editor Lauren Fletcher (310) 533-2415

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Grace L. Suizo (310) 533-2414

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Four States Work Together to Switch Fleets to Natural Gas HARRISBURG, PA – The governors of Pennsylvania,

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COLORADO OKLAHOMA

Colorado, Oklahoma, and Wyoming have signed a memto orandum of understanding aimed at encouraging U.S. auto les. manufacturers to develop new natural gas-powered vehicles. heir The four states have agreed to work toward switching their o vehicle fleets to cleaner-burning natural gas. They will also develop a joint request for proposal to the auto industry to combine the four states’ future vehicle purchases, which will help to increase demand for such vehicles in the marketplace.

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Landscaping Company First to Use Propane-Autogas Ford F-250s FORT WASHINGTON, MD – Denison Landscaping and Nursery, Inc., in Fort Washington, Md., is ROUSH CleanTech’s first landscaping customer to commit to purchasing the company’s new 2012-MY F-Series propane-autogas-fueled pickup trucks once they become available. Denison has a fleet of nearly 300 vehicles and is also considering purchasing propane-fueled lawnmowers in addition to the pickup trucks, according to ROUSH. “We chose the ROUSH CleanTech propane autogas option for engineering and design superiority, the stand-alone viability of fuel, the demonstrated cleaner burn, and the additional longevity of the engine and its internal fluids,” said Josh Denison, Denison Landscaping’s director of human resources and operations. While fleets in the District of Columbia metro area are choosing hybrid technology, Denison said hybrids are not as cost-effective for the fleet as propane autogas. The first two trucks will replace gasolinefueled models driven by company managers who travel an average of 900 to 1,200 miles per week. ROUSH said calculations show the trucks fueled by propane autogas could potentially lower the company’s carbon footprint by more than 60,000 lbs. of CO2 in one year. ROUSH CleanTech debuted its propane autogas Ford F-250 in Louisville, Ky., at the Green Industry and Equipment Expo, a trade show for landscaping professionals.

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GREEN

There isn’t a one-size-fits-all answer to fleet sustainability. There are a number of ways fleets can reduce their carbon footprints while helping the bottom line.

ash-strapped organizations pressured to reduce their carbon footprints often think the only way they can possibly “go green” is by purchasing alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVs) — leaving many fleets feeling discouraged by their already-squeezed budgets. While AFVs are one way to go, they aren’t the only way to green operations. Savvy fleets have discovered various inexpensive strategies. And, the best part about these methods: They also ultimately help save money, lower fuel consumption, and increase driver safety.

Rightsizing by Engine Downsizing Saving money and being environmentally friendly don’t have to be mutually exclusive. In fact, looking at the bottom line can be a gateway to operating both leaner and greener. One of the fundamental ways to achieve this is by rightsizing the fleet. Rightsizing involves evaluating the fleet and mak-

AT A GLANCE Among the ways fleets are going green and helping their bottom lines are: ● Reducing idling. ● Optimizing routing. ● Implementing telematics. ● Increasing fuel efficiency through the use of alternative fuels and better driving habits. ● Rightsizing.

ing sure it has the right number or types of vehicles to do its job. Gaining industry momentum in 2006, downsizing to four-cylinder vehicles was probably one of the earliest ways fleets attempted to implement environmentally conscious approaches to reduce their carbon footprint and save money. In 2010, Valero Energy Corp., a producer and supplier of gasoline and other products, rightsized to the Ford Fusion as its company car. (It operates a fleet of more than 1,800 vehicles.) The move saved its 100-car fleet 6.5 cents per mile for a lifetime savings of $574,600, compared to the V-6 Ford Taurus models that the Fusions replaced. Valero has been committed to rightsizing for several years. By staying in touch with market trends, the company divested itself of its minivans prior to the 2008 economic crisis. Influencing Valero’s decision to choose the Fusion was vehicle cost less incentives, rebates, resale, fuel and tire cost per mile, and preventive maintenance. The total variable cost, fixed cost, resale values, and amount of greenhouse gas emissions led to the decision to make the four-cylinder Ford Fusion Valero’s vehicle of choice. However, rightsizing can sometimes raise eyebrows of longtime employees not convinced that a smaller vehicle can do the job. For instance, when General Parts, an auto-

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The worst fuel economy for a vehicle is 0 mpg, which is what happens when an engine is idling. Many organizations have instituted no-idling policies to combat this scourge.

motive replacement parts, supplies, tools, and equipment distributor, found that 85 percent of its vehicle cargo loads did not need to be transported in a pickup truck, the company switched to the four-cylinder Nissan Versa. The savings have been “tremendous,” according to the company, but longtime employees weren’t as sold on the change, unconvinced that deliveries could be made in the much smaller vehicles. After showing drivers that the Nissan Versas achieved nearly 10 mpg more than the larger pickups drivers had been using — 28 mpg to 19.9 aggregate mpg — the drivers were convinced. With operations in 48 states and annual mileage topping 23 million, keeping fuel costs under control is a high priority for The Scooter Store, a power mobility provider. The company has been able to reduce its overall fuel use 20 percent by rightsizing many of the vehicles in its 500-unit fleet, a process that began in 2008. This involved moving to smaller vehicles for its distribution/ service and sales/service vehicles than in

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PRACTICES MAKE PERFECT Routing and telematics software are among the high-technology strategies fleets are using to control fuel spend and increase the bottom line.

The initial outlay for alternative-fuel vehicles may be high, but fleets can make up this cost in the long run with lower fuel and maintenance requirements.

years past. The Scooter Store is using Ford E-250 cargo vans, Transit Connect vans, and Ranger trucks.

Alternative (Fuel) Lifestyle In addition to downsizing to smaller engines, fleets have turned to alternative fuels and fuel management techniques to reduce their carbon footprint and save money at the same time. While the initial outlay for many alternativefuel vehicles can appear budget-busting, in the long run, these types of vehicles can be budget friendly with low fuel and maintenance costs. Chesapeake Energy Corp. went all out in its commitment to alternative energy and expects to reap substantial dividends once it has converted its 4,500-plus fleet to compressed natural gas (CNG) by 2014. Phase one of the program involved converting the 800 vehicles it operates in Oklahoma City. These newly converted natural-gaspowered trucks will be used by field operations teams overseeing the company’s

drilling programs in the Anadarko Basin in western Oklahoma. While ambitious, the transition is well supported with a CNG infrastructure dating to 2010. With its fuel retail partners, Chesapeake opened 14 CNG stations throughout Oklahoma, bringing the current total of public CNG stations to more than 40. It expects hundreds more to follow as more stations are opened across the country to meet the growing demands from fleets. The next phases of the fleet conversion will involve the company’s vehicles in North Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Colorado, Wyoming, and South Texas. Hoping to replicate the success of the Oklahoma conversion, Chesapeake Energy will open additional fueling stations in North Texas and Louisiana. When all is said and done, the company expects to realize at least $11 million in annual savings once the entire fleet is transformed. Instead of committing to one alternativefuel type, FedEx’s subsidiary FedEx Express is replacing its 4,000-vehicle

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By Grace Suizo & Chris Wolski

Electric vehicles are among the alternative-fuel vehicles corporate fleets are investing in to green their footprint and leverage their budgets.

gasoline fleet primarily with MercedesBenz BlueTEC clean diesel Sprinter vans; the Navistar eStar all-electric delivery vehicles, Freightliner eCells; and Ford Transit Connect Electric vans. General Electric Corp. has committed itself to electricity, announcing that it will purchase 25,000 electric vehicles by 2015. It will do this by converting at least half of its 30,000-global-vehicle fleet and work with its fleet customers to deploy the EVs. Its initial purchases will be 12,000 GM vehicles, beginning with the Chevrolet Volt. This move to EVs fits with GE’s commitment to vehicle electrification. The company offers a portfolio of EV-related products, including charging stations, circuit protection equipment, and transformers. Virtually every vehicle manufacturer is represented in Cox Enterprises’ 13,000-vehicle fleet, with the majority from Ford and GM leased primarily through Wheels and ARI. The company is committed to controlling fleet costs and minimizing its carbon footprint through its green initiative, Cox

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SUSTAINABILITY

Conserves. With a fleet that serves a number of functions from newspaper delivery to warehousing, towing, and television broadcasting, fleet managers must be careful to fit the right vehicle to the right function. Among the ways Cox has done this is through standardization, allowing the company to further leverage its buying power. Critically, fleet is an integral part of Cox’s supply chain and its green initiatives have received the full support of senior management. For instance, its executive vehicle program requires that company leaders select vehicles that achieve 27 mpg or better. And, executives don’t get prime parking spaces. The 70 best spots in the corporate garage are reserved for hybrid vehicles. The Cox Conserves initiative aims to reduce the company-wide carbon footprint by 20 percent by 2017. The effort is expected to save 172,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually, equivalent to the pollutants produced by 26,000 homes. In addition to its environmentally conscious executive program, the company maintains biodiesel-capable, hybrid (Toyota Prius and Highlanders and the Ford Escape), E-85, electric, and CNG vehicles. The company also expects to add other fuel-efficient vehicles, such as the Ford Transit Connect in the future. While these vehicles are definitely helping improve the quality of the air we breathe, they’re also helping the company’s bottom line. For instance, Cox fleet operates several hybrid bucket trucks from Navistar, which have realized a fuel savings of nearly 60 percent with the gasoline engine off and the electric motor powering the vehicle. It is estimated by the Hybrid Truck Users Forum (HTUF), of which Cox is a member, that 1,000 to 1,500 gallons of fuel can be saved per year per utility-type truck, equaling between $3,000 and $6,000 per truck annually (depending on the cost of fuel).. The company also helps employees reduce their personal carbon footprint with its Borrow-a-Hybrid program. Employees who take alternative transportation to and from work can check out hybrid vehicles from the company fleet. While alternative fuels may be the ide-al way to lower fuel use, costs, and a fleet’ss carbon footprint, many fleets still rely on n controlling gasoline usage to improve thee 8

bottom line and limit their environmental impact. LKQ Corp., a national parts and replacement products provider, closely monitors its fuel costs. Drivers are issued a fuel card with a unique PIN, allowing gallon maximum per day per fill, fill-ups per day, and hours of use of each card to be limited. The PINs are updated daily and drivers no longer with the company have their PINs deleted, further ensuring that no unauthorized charges are incurred. When filling up, drivers must enter their odometer total, allowing mpg to be tracked for discrepancies. Weekend and after-hours fuel use are also tracked.

Green from the Get-Go Fleets may not be able to control the size of their budgets and the amount of money they have to spend on new technologies designed to help improve fuel economy, but they do — or at least should — have some control over one important factor: the driver. The worst fuel economy for a vehicle is 0 mpg, which is what happens when its engine is idling. Add to that jackrabbit starts, frequent and abrupt braking, and speeding, and what results is a sure-fire way to not only lower fuel efficiency, but also contribute to the amount of pollutants emitted into the environment.

HITTING A SUSTAINABLE HOMERUN

ustainability has been a hot topic in fleet for the past several years. While many fleets have instituted green initiatives, there are those who have gone above and beyond, serving as leaders and role models in the efforts to green the industry. In October 201l, Green Fleet honored 40 fleet professionals as the inaugural group of Sustainability All-Stars. The A-to-Z list of all-stars Awere chosen for their we length of fleet service, len professional sustainpr ability accomplishab ments, the innovam tive ways they have tiv reduced emissions re and fuel consumpan tion, and overall inti volvement by their v industry peers. in

Ensuring drivers have the basic knowledge, skills, and training to be able to operate vehicles as efficiently as possible is one method fleets are using to become greener. In April 2011, companies such as NovoNordisk and SimplexGrinnell signed up to participate in the EcoWheels Green Driver Challenge, a program designed by fleet management company Wheels, Inc. to help corporate fleet drivers and employees learn about and pledge to adopt sustainable practices that minimize the environmental impact of their driving. Diabetes care company NovoNordisk, with a fleet of more than 3,000 vehicles, has made sustainability a part of its culture. Similarly, safety and property protection provider SimplexGrinnell also is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, waste, and water consumption by 25 percent by 2015. The EcoWheels program educates drivers on practices that improve fuel efficiency and advises on the best utilization of fleet assets and implementing best practices for fleet vehicle selection. Both companies registered at a special website and pledged sustainable actions. The website calculated the carbon dioxide (CO2) output in pounds that each pledge saved and the impact of that CO2 reduction in equivalent number of trees planted. According to Wheels, over the last five years, its EcoWheels program has reduced half-a-billion pounds of CO2 emissions over its total portfolio — the equivalent of removing almost 30,000 vehicles from the road. The program runs annually from Earth Day until July 1 with a goal of eliminating 1.25 million lbs. of CO2 emissions — the equivalent of planting 24,038 trees. Belron U.S./Safelite Autoglass, a national auto glass repair and replacement service provider, operates more than 6,000 vehicles and has been managing an antiidling campaign (“Turn it off, idling gets you nowhere”) for many years. With an overall initiative to reduce fuel consumption by 10 percent in 2011, Fleet Manager Erin Gilchrist worked with the fleet’s fuel card provider to develop a Web seminar focusing on the key components necessary to maximize overall fuel economy, such as idle reduction, new preventive maintenance alerts, and driver behavior.

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With the help of its risk management solutions company, new “green” driver training modules and policies were added to ensure all individuals understand their role in maxGILCHRIST imizing fleet fuel efficiency. The training is conducted at pre-hire and after an accident. Gilchrist estimated these initiatives will help reduce CO2 emissions by 9,000 metric tons. To conserve fuel, Polk County, Fla., incentivized its drivers to drive greener using a three-prong approach. First, the maximum travel speed of the County’s on-highway vehicles was limited to 55 mph. An in-house Eco-Driver training program was developed to train, reinforce, and promote driving habits proven to reduce fuel consumption and assure driver buy-in, and the County added an incentive program to allow employees to share monetarily in its own conservation success. If the driver’s mpg improved by 5 percent over a one-year period, the County would split the fuel savings with him or her on a 50-50 basis. Polk County also affixed decals to the rear of its vehicles to alert fellow motorists that County drivers observe 55 mph speed limits, which helped serve as a “self-policing device” reminder not to exceed that limit. Within two years of implementing the program, the County lowered fuel use by 13.4 percent, reduced 6.2 million lbs. of carbon, and cut preventable accidents by 22 percent, according to Bob Stanton, former director of Polk County, Fla., now with HillsborSTANTON ough County. Staples Inc. took a more a radical approach to combatting the scourge of idling. The company installed a three-minute idle shutoff system produced by Mentor, Ohiobased Malone Specialties Inc. In addition to shutting the engine down automatically, the system also recorded how often an engine was stopped due to idling, allowing supervisors to hold drivers accountable and determine the cause of the excessive idling. For instance, the company found that some drivers would leave their vehicles on while making de-

liveries so they wouldn’t lose the benefit of the air conditioning. With the new cutoff system, Staples was able to realize a 5-percent fuel savings. The Schindler Group has taken its sustainability efforts to a global scale. The elevator and escalator company has an aggressive plan to decrease its fleet’s carbon footprint. It is a laudable goal, since its 17,000-vehicle fleet accounts for 64 percent of the company’s carbon footprint. To date, it has been able to decrease its emissions by 30 percent.

4,800 Number of propane vehicles in Schwan’s Home Service’s 5,700-vehicle fleet in 2011. The company took the top spot on Automotive Fleet’s 2011 Top 50 Green Fleets listing.

Among the ways Schindler is reducing its environmental impact is by modifying driver behavior. The company implemented several programs designed to modify behavior using driver training programs. In these programs, drivers learn both safe and economical driving habits — which are seen as a hand-in-glove approach to lowering emissions. According to the company, drivers trained in these techniques have been able to increase their fuel efficiency by approximately 30 percent.

in “small adjustments with big payoffs,” according to the report. After reviewing “stops per mile” in its report data, the company was able to increase stops per mile by 0.01 percent in 2010 — the equivalent of not driving 9.13 million miles. Telematics also cut 15.4 million minutes of engine idling time in 2010, reported UPS. Likewise, Sears Holdings Corporation (SHC) has implemented routing software to assign service calls in the most efficient way possible. The company was able to cut gasoline consumption by 10 percent when it installed fuel-efficiency programming tools in more than 4,000 of its company vans to control van acceleration. It’s not surprising that electronic retail giant Best Buy has turned to a sophisticated telematics technology to monitor and help its Geek Squad and other drivers reduce the amount of gasoline they are burning. In early 2011, the company instituted a telematics pilot. The software solution it used allows management to drill down to specific vehicle costs in order to monitor and report to field teams how well they are managing their vehicle expenses. The fleet managers have found the telematics solution to be “extremely flexible” in how it allows them to pull data and monitor vehicle performance through many different lenses. The telematics technology, in concert with WiFi and better routing tools, makes fleet vehicles even more visible in real time allowing the drivers to meet the customers’ expectations, which is one of the fleet’s priorities.

Routing Efficiently Once drivers are all set with the basic techniques of greener driving, it’s time to send them on their way. But even the greenest driver doesn’t stand a chance against an inefficient route. With proper planning of scheduled routes, less fuel will be wasted. UPS was able to cut 63.5 million miles from its routes over a one-year period in 2010, dropping fuel consumption by 3 percent and emissions by 68,000 metric tons. In its 2011 sustainability report, the company attributed the improvements to advancements in vehicle routing technologies and working with its drivers to drive in a more fuel-efficient manner, resulting

The Green Bottom Line The bottom line on greening a corporate fleet is that there is no formula a fleet manager can plug in that will automatically reduce a fleet’s carbon footprint and save money. Idle reduction, telematics, rightsizing, and switching to alternative fuels are all options to achieve sustainability. However, every fleet is different, so what works for one fleet may not work for another — even in the same industry. It is up to fleet managers to identify ways to cut spend and greenhouse gas emissions by finding a solution that is specific and appropriate to their fleet.

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Creates an Electric Experience (Center) GE Capital Fleet Services breaks ground on a new customer experience and learning center, giving fleet managers a chance to evaluate electric vehicles and alternative-fuel vehicles.

Three employees were selected to help break ground along with Ede Mayor Nancy Tyra-Luke n Prairie ns (left) t), Deb F Frodl dl, chief strategy officer Fleet Services and global for GE Capital EV leader for GE (secon d from left),and Clarence president and CEO of GE Nunn, Capital Fleet Services (fou rth from left). An archite rendering (above) shows ctual what fleet managers can expect of the experience center.

By Chris Wolski

he Twin Cities will be getting a good dose of GE’s ecomagination in the form of a state-of-the-art customer experience and learning center for electric vehicles (EVs). The center is being built on the site of GE Capital Fleet Services’ headquarters campus, and joins other ecomagination centers throughout the country showcasing General Electric’s cutting-edge technology. A gala groundbreaking event was held in late September 2011. The center is scheduled to open sometime during the second quarter of 2012. The Eden Prairie, Minn., site is the first electric vehicle testing center GE has built, and is a sign of its commitment to fleet sustainability and alternative-fuel technologies. “This isn’t an event — it’s a long-term commitment,” said Deb Frodl, chief strategy officer for GE Capital Fleet Services and global EV leader for GE. “We want to lead the way and help customers make sustainable choices that are right for them.” The customer experience and learning center for electric vehicles will give fleet managers the opportunity to see and experience electric automobiles and trucks 10

from a variety of manufacturers firsthand and analyze vehicle performance, driver experiences, service requirements, and operational efficiencies. There will be a full range of vehicle types from sedans to mediumduty trucks for fleet managers to evaluate. “Many customers need to experience the vehicles themselves, and this will allow them to do so in one location,” Frodl explained. The center will eventually feature alternativefuel vehicles powered by other energy sources. “We’re starting with EVs because this is so much of GE’s domain expertise; however, because many customers have mixed fleets, they will need to evaluate a full suite of fuel options,” Frodl observed. The 11,000-square-foot GE customer experience and learning center for electric vehicles will be composed of: ● An education center featuring classrooms for presentations, training, and discovery workshops, as well as interactive displays. ● A solar carport and charging center that can charge up to 11 vehicles simultaneously. ● An experience center and showroom

to help customers evaluate vehicles in a variety of configurations. In addition, there will be a private halfmile driving course that will allow customers to experience the vehicles in different driving conditions. Frodl added that fleet managers will also be permitted to take the vehicles on the nearby highway. Frodl said that the center is designed to be “nimble and flexible” and a fleet manager’s visit will be individualized based on his or her expectations. “The visit will include a customized consultation with one of our fleet experts to discuss how we can help the fleet manager meet his or her sustainability goals,” she explained. These goals may not just be about vehicles. The fleet consultants will also discuss EV infrastructure, the future of other alternative fuels, and GE Capital Fleet Service’s end-to-end EV deployment solutions. Frodl noted the center will also conduct research and development, collecting data about electric and other alternative-fuel vehicles.

GREEN FLEET ■ JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012

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Why choose propane autogas? Call us today to learn how easy it is to incorporate propane-autogas powered vehicles into your ﬂeet.

855-4-AUTOGAS

Propane autogas is the best alternative fuel for fleets Propane autogas powers more than 15 million vehicles worldwide. The reason why is clear: UÊ ÕÌ }>ÃÊ ÃÊViÀÌ wÊi`ÊV i> ÊLÕÀ }ÊLÞÊÌ iÊ * UÊ x¯Ê vÊ>ÕÌ }>ÃÊ ÃÊ` iÃÌ V> ÞÊ«À `ÕVi` UÊ- } wÊV> Ì ÞÊ ÜiÀÊ «iÀ>Ì }Ê> `Ê vÀ>ÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀiÊV ÃÌÃ UÊ Õ `Ài`ÃÊ vÊì` V>Ìi`Ê> `ÊV ÛiÀÃ Ài>`ÞÊÛi V iÃÊ>Û> >L iÊ UÊ Ã«i ÃiÀÃÊ>ÀiÊ iÝ«i Ã ÛiÊÌ Ê ÃÌ> ]ÊÃ « iÊÌ Ê «iÀ>Ìi UÊ*À }ÃÊÃiÀÛ ViÊ viÊ vÊÌ iÊ>ÛiÀ>}iÊÛi V iÊLÞÊÓÊÌ ÊÎÊÞi>ÀÃ *À «> iÊ«À Û ìÃÊyÊiiÌÃÊÜ Ì Ê>ÊV ÃÌ ivviVÌ Ûi]ÊV i> LÕÀ }]ÊÃ>vi]Ê> `Ê Ài >L iÊ> ÌiÀ >Ì ÛiÊvÕi °Ê i>À Ê ÀiÊ>ÌÊ

www.ferrellautogas.com/ForYourFleet.

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JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012 ■ GREEN FLEET

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By Chris Wolski

If an OEM doesn’t offer an alternative-fuel option for an automobile or light-duty truck, there is probably a second-stage manufacturer or aftermarket supplier who does.

GM 4500

GMC Savana

lternative-fuel and fuel-efficient vehicles are increasingly becoming fleet mainstays — electric vehicles and hybrids are a common sight in a growing number of fleets. While OEM alternativefuel and fuel-efficient vehicle availability is improving, there are still gaps for fuels such as propane autogas and compressed natural gas (CNG). GM and Honda both offer CNG models, but, only for select models. This doesn’t mean a fleet can’t green its footprint with one of these alternative fuels. Quite the contrary. There are numerous second-stage manufacturers and aftermarket suppliers who can convert gasoline- and

AT A GLANCE A burgeoning group of second-stage manufacturers and aftermarket conversion companies offer a number of options, including: ● Liquefied

petroleum gas (LPG) also known as propane autogas.

● Compressed ● Bi-fuel

natural gas (CNG).

systems for both propane auto

gas and compressed natural gas. ● Electric/range-extender.

Chevrolet Silverado

diesel-powered vehicles to a variety of alternative-fuel options, delivering the same performance with the benefits of a lower total cost of ownership. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), also known as propane autogas, is produced from both natural gas and crude oil refining, and is among the most commonly used fuels in the world. Of all of the alternative fuels on the market, it has the largest public refueling infrastructure. Among LPG’s biggest benefits for fleets is its lower cost compared to gasoline — as much as 30 percent to 40 percent cheaper in some markets. In addition, most of it is produced domestically. While transit fleets are among the largest users of propane autogas, automobiles and light- and medium-duty trucks are increasingly becoming popular platforms for this inexpensive fuel. Alliance AutoGas offers a dedicated LPG system for a variety of OEM vehicles, including, but not limited to, 6.0L V-8 GM engines for the model-years 2011 and 2012 and 4.8L V-8 GM engines for MY-2008 to 2012. According to the organization,

Ford F-150 its system can cut emissions by about 20 percent. Alliance AutoGas can also provide a fleet with a fueling infrastructure for no cost with a fuel contract. CleanFUEL USA specializes in liquid propane injected engine technology for GM fleet and commercial vehicles. Currently, it offers propane autogas systems for a variety of GM medium-duty and transit vehicles, particularly the GM 8.1L C4500 to C8500 models. The company’s most recent offering includes a factory option for propane autogas in a G4500 Cutaway Chassis equipped with a 6.0L engine which is widely used for school bus, shuttle bus, and a variety of vocational and commercial applications. The company expects to

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Ford Transit Connect offer a propane autogas option for other GM products in the future, including the 6.0L C2500/3500 Series Chassis Cab, 6.0L G3500 Cutaway-Van Chassis, and GM pickup trucks. The company’s LPG fuel system is backed by GM’s five-year/100,000-mile transferable powertrain warranty. In the current 6.0L V-8 configuration, the system delivers 324 hp and 373 lb.-ft. of torque. It is available in two fuel-capacity configurations. The three-tank configuration has a 35-gallon capacity with an estimated 315-mile range. The four-tank configuration has a 513-mile range. The company also offers fuel dispensing equipment, solving the fueling infrastructure problems that can often accompany a move to an alternative fuel. The company also offers conversions for non-GM products, including the 6.0L Workhorse W42 Chassis. Icom’s JTG Liquid Injection Propane (Autogas) System enables standard injection (JTG II) or direct Injection gasoline (JTGhp) and diesel engines (JTG-Dynamic) to deliver power, torque, and drivability comparable to gasoline, according to the company. The patented Icom JTG system is EPA Certified for over 50 fleet platforms, and is Canadian IGAC certified for North American markets. Custom solutions are available for fleets. The vehicle performance is comparable to

Ford Fusion

Ford Escape

Ford E-Series

Ford Super Duty

the original fuel system and, according to the company, throttle response is immediate and direct since the Icom JTG system does not Interrupt or interface with the original vehicle ECU, which directly commands the Icom propane injectors. According to the company, the benefits of the Icom JTG II liquid injection system also include increased fuel efficiency and reduced maintenance due to the OEM-quality components utilized in the simple-to-install plug-and-play system. Icom has National Distribution across the United States and Canada. The company also offers a bi-fuel LPG system as well and can help fleets install a fueling infrastructure and fuel supply. RGR Alternative Fuels offers dedicated propane autogas conversions for Ford’s MY2009 to 2011 4.6L Crown Victoria, Police

Interceptor, Lincoln Town Car/Limo, and Grand Marquis. The company’s dedicated LPG auto conversion kit is a non-invasive, plug-and-play fuel-injection delivery system that uses OEM injector ports, eliminating the need to tap the intake, and specifically designed clips for injectors and the engine control unit (ECU) to minimize wire cutting, splicing, and soldering. The system includes a 40-gallon fuel tank and offers mileage and horsepower comparable to gasoline. According to the company, its system reduces greenhouse gases by up to 35 percent. The system is EPA certified and OBD-II compliant and comes with a two-year/60,000-mile warranty for parts. In addition, the company can help fleets install a fueling infrastructure at no outof-pocket cost. Currently, ROUSH CleanTech offers

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ALT-FUEL

s specialized in larger vehicles, IMPCO Automotive has added depth to its offering by including passenger vehicles, such as the 2.5L Ford Fusion and Fusion S, 2.5L Ford Escape FWD and 4WD, and 2.5L Mazda Tribute FWD and 4WD on its list of vehicles approved for CNG conversion. The four-cylinder vehicles are all EPA and CARB certified. GM 4.8L V-8 ALTe rolling chassis In addition, it also handles larger vehicles such as the propane-autogas conversion systems for factory five-year/60,000-mile limited powFord 5.4L V-8 E-150, E-250, and E-350; Ford’s F-Series light-duty and medium-duty ertrain warranty on vehicles equipped 6.8L V-10 Ford E-450; 6.8L V-10 F-450 trucks and E-Series vans. The company with the liquid propane autogas system. and F-550 Super Duty; 6.2L V-8 F-250 expects to add the Ford F-450, F-550, The company can also help fleets estaband F-350 Super Duty; and 2.0L I4 Ford F-650, and F-59 to its conversion roster lish a refueling infrastructure. Transit Connect. in the future. Landi Renzo USA Corporation offers Among the advantages of the ROUSH COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS a 50-state CARB-certified dedicated CNG CleanTech system for these Ford vehicles Compressed natural gas (CNG) is inexsystem for the 2011/2012 gaseous prep is that it allows them to deliver the same pensive, plentiful, efficient, and domesti5.4L Ford E-Series Cargo and Passenger horsepower, torque, towing capacity, and cally produced. A common option for the Vans transforming it into a super ultra warranty protection as their gasoline contransit industry, CNG has other fleet aplow emission vehicle (SULEV). In addifigurations but with lower emissions. Action, the system is OBD-II compliant, and plications as well. cording to the company, its system reducBAF Technologies offers a dedicated NHTSA/FMVSS compliant. It also offers es nitrogen oxide by 20 percent, carbon CNG system for many Ford vehicles, a CNG kit for GM 6.0L and 8.1L engines monoxide by 60 percent, and greenhouse including the F-series vehicles from the and the Ford 5.4L engine. The company gases by up to 24 percent. It also generF-250 through the F-650, including the installs, calibrates, and provides extendates fewer particulate emissions. ROUSH F-53 and F-59 stripped chassis models. ed service for the CARB-certified systems. CleanTech propane-autogas vehicles are Bi-fuel CNG/gasoline systems are also In addition to a three-year/36,000-mile EPA- and CARB-certified. offered for the F-250 and F-350. BAF also warranty, Landi Renzo offers full techniThe propane-autogas system is available offers a variety of dedicated CNG systems cal support, including next-day technifor the F-250 and F-350 5.4L V-8 and 6.2L for the E-250 and E-350 vans and E-450 cian support and overnight shipment of V-8 with either a 4x2 or 4x4 drivetrain along shuttle buses, with bi-fuel CNG/gasoline replacement parts. with the E-150, E-250, and E-350 5.4L V-8. systems also available for the E-250 and There are two fuel configurations available. E-350. Dedicated CNG systems are also BI-FUEL SYSTEMS The company also offers a fuel system for offered for the Ford Transit Connect in Bi-fuel systems, which can operate usthe Ford E-450 dual rear wheel cutaway two configurations — either as a taxi/ ing either an alternative fuel or convenequipped with the 6.8L V10 engine. For the passenger van with a single 14.7 GGE tank tional gasoline technology, give fleets the MY-2009 through 2010 F-250 and F-350, located behind the rear passenger seat or flexibility of using an alternative, lowerthe in-bed configuration has a capacity of as a cargo/work van in which the tanks cost fuel, without the concerns that come 50 usable gallons and a 23-usable gallon are placed under a false floor in the rear with a limited refueling infrastructure — capacity for the under-bed configuration, of the vehicle. All BAF-dedicated CNG effectively increasing the range and use of and 43-usable gallon in-bed and 22-usable systems are EPA and CARB approved. fleet vehicles. gallon under-bed tank for MY-2012. The BAF maintains the full Ford factory fiveIn addition to its dedicated LPG system, E-Series vans offer a mid-ship propane year/60,000-mile limited powertrain Alliance AutoGas also offers an LPG biautogas tank with 25-usable gallons and warranty on all vehicles equipped with fuel system, powered by a Prins VSI system. the extended range tank, which offers BAF dedicated or bi-fuel CNG systems. The EPA-certified system is available for 45-usable gallons. While most second-stage manufacturers numerous platforms and can be easily ROUSH CleanTech maintains Ford’s and aftermarket conversion companies have transferred to another vehicle. The system 14

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The Audi A3 TDI®

The Audi Q7 TDI®

As you well know, the decisions you make say everything about you and your company. Take Audi TDI clean diesel, for example. It says a lot of things (all positive, of course). Like how smart you are. Just look at the astonishing fuel-efficiency numbers for both the A3 TDI (42 mpg hwy) and Q7 TDI (25 mpg hwy)*. Not to mention the uncompromising power and torque both possess. And of course, maybe most important, it says how progressively minded you are. Both the A3 TDI and Q7 TDI deliver 20% fewer emissions than gasoline engines.** So as far as decisions go, this will make quite a statement. audiusa.com/tdi

Contact corporatesales@audi.com for more information.

*EPA estimates 42mpg hwy/ 30mpg city for the 2011 Audi A3 TDI clean diesel with automatic transmission, and 25mpg hwy/ 17mpg city for the 2011 Audi Q7 TDI clean diesel with automatic transmission. Your mileage will vary. **CO2 emissions claim based on comparison to gasoline engine. “Audi,” “Q7,” “A3,” “Truth in Engineering,” the Audi Singleframe grille design, and the four rings and Audi emblems are registered trademarks of AUDI AG. “TDI” is a registered trademark of Volkswagen AG. ©2011 Audi of America, Inc.

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ALT-FUEL

FORD 6.2L V-8 integrates seamlessly with the existing engine, and the propane fuel tank can be mounted in the trunk or underneath the vehicle. An LPG fuel gauge and selector switch is mounted flush on the dashboard of every converted vehicle. Alliance Autogas can work with individual fleets to secure EPA certifications for the vehicles that are tapped for conversion and works with a fleet’s maintenance staff to train them how to care for the system. Alliance also provides extensive safety training and ongoing support for its fleets. BAF Technologies’ CNG bi-fuel system is available for Ford E-250 and E-350 vans and F-250 and F-350 pickups. Utilizing BAF’s CNG bi-fuel system, the vehicles are EPA certified and OBD-II compliant. The system features fully integrated “master-slave” controls, a touch control fuel-selector, fault warnings, and vapor sequential injection (VSI). IMPCO Automotive offers a CNG bifuel system for Ford’s 6.2L V-8 F-250 and F-350 with a gaseous prepped engine. The converted vehicles are powered by IMPCO’s Sequent-EX Bi-Fuel system, which allows changing from one fuel source to another with just a touch of a button installed on the instrument panel. The system is EPA certified for the Ford vehicles. Westport LD offers its WiNG CNG/ gasoline bi-fuel system for the Ford F-250 and F-350 Super Duty trucks, based on the automaker’s new 6.2L hardened engine, sold and serviced by authorized Ford dealers. The WiNG Power System underwent the 16

same extensive testing as that conducted by Ford and is designed to meet both EPA 2012 and CARB 2012 standards. According to the company, WiNG-powered trucks have a range of about 600 miles, double that of conventional gasoline-powered trucks. The CNG fuel storage tanks are made of lightweight, yet durable filament wound glass/carbon fiber and feature both a manual shutoff and pressure release valve for added safety. ELECTRIC

Of all the sustainable platforms, electric vehicles (EVs) have probably generated the most buzz. With zero tailpipe emissions, little need for maintenance, and the low-cost of electricity, the EV is among the greenest and most inexpensive forms of transportation available today. While at least seven manufacturers offer or are in the process of offering electric vehicles, they are not available for every make or model. ALTe is aiming to fill the gaps in the EV market by focusing on the light-truck segment, including full-size pickups and vans. Its range extender technology is similar in performance to the Chevrolet Volt, providing an initial 30 miles in the all-electric mode before switching to a gasoline powered genset. The system can be paired with a fourcylinder engine and uses a lithium-ion battery from A123 Systems, which can be charged over eight hours using a 110v outlet or in about four hours using a 220v

Ford 5.4L V-8

ooutlet. In addition to the fuel savings and a companyestimated 200-percent increase in fuel economy, the company said that its system increases the vehicle’s torque while offering similar cargo capacity, horsepower, and towing capability compared to a truck’s original V-8 engine. The company will begin accepting orders early this year and expects to start installing its first systems in late 2012.

HYBRID

Among the most popular ways to increase fuel-efficiency, hybrid vehicles come in many shapes and a growing number of sizes. But for the light-duty to medium-duty market they’re still somewhat of a rarity. XL Hybrids hopes to change this beginning with a pilot program for GM 2500 Series vans using its hybrid electric powertrain technology, initially paired with GM’s 4.8L gasoline engine, which will reduce fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by up to 20 percent while offering similar cargo capacity. The company expects its technology to be widely available for fleets sometime in the third quarter of 2012, and plans to expand its lineup to include GM 1500/3500 vans, Chevrolet Silverado, Ford E-Series, Ford F-Series models, and additional engine sizes. The hybrid system will operate at 345v using a lithium-ion battery pack and an electric motor that generates additional torque and horsepower compared to conventionally-powered vans. The company expects a 25-percent increase on the GM 2500’s city mpg and will offer the technology at a much lower price point than full EV technology due to the reduced size of the battery pack. The above is just a snapshot of the burgeoning market for alternative-fuel second-stage alt-fuel manufacturing and aftermarket solutions. There is little doubt that there is and will continue to be room for many others.

GREEN FLEET ■ JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012

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THE ZERO COMPROMISE

ALTERNATIVE FUEL SOLUTION PROPANE AUTOGAS VS. GASOLINE

FUEL COSTS: 40% LESS VEHICLE WARRANTY: 5 YEAR / 60,000 MILE1 CO2 EMISSIONS: 24% LESS PERFORMANCE: IDENTICAL

2009 – Newer Ford E-150 / E-250/ E-350 (5.4L V8)

CLEAN UP YOUR FLEET, ONE GALLON AT A TIME Reducing your ﬂeet’s greenhouse gas emissions by 24% is not only within reach, it’s only half the story. With propane autogas, you can also reduce your fuel costs by up to 40% with this American-made fuel. ROUSH CleanTech propane autogas fuel systems are available for Ford light- and medium-duty trucks and vans with GVWR ratings up to 19,500 lbs. Let us show you how easy it can be to switch to propane autogas.

OTHER APPLICATIONS Retroﬁts Available

2007 - 2008 Ford F-150 (5.4L V8) 1

Coming Soon

Now Available

2009 - 2010 Ford F-250 / F-350 (5.4L V8)

2012 - Newer Ford E-350 DRW Cutaway (5.4L V8)

2012 - Newer Ford E-450 DRW Cutaway (6.8L V10)

2012 - Newer Ford F-250 / F-350 (6.2L V8)

2012 - Newer Ford F-450 / F-550 Chassis Cab (6.8L V10)

See ROUSHcleantech.com for complete warranty details

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The all-new electric vehicle features an EPA-rated 112 MPGe combined efficiency in the city and a price tag $6,000 less than its mainstream competitors. By Lauren Fletcher

Mitsubishi’s ‘i-Catching’ Electric Vehicle T he popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing due to their efficiency and fuel-saving properties. Mitsubishi Motors North America (MMNA) recently took on the challenge of the EV’s biggest sticking point: its affordability. Enter the 2012 Mitsubishi i. With a manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP) of $29,125, the i features a price tag more than $6,000 lower than its mainstream competition, according to the automaker. Federal tax credits and available state tax incentives reduce the price even further. But the price isn’t the best part of the new Mitsubishi i, formerly known as the iMiEV; it’s just the beginning.

Why the i? Shown as a concept vehicle at the 2003 Frankfurt Motor Show, the first version was a gasoline-powered model made for the Japanese market. In mid-2009, the electric version, the iMiEV (Mitsubishi innovative electric vehicle) was launched in Japan, and production started in October 2011 for first U.S. deliveries in December 2011. Among the best fleet applications for EVs are as defined route vehicles, fitting within the range of the vehicle. “We have sold vehicles to cities including Car Share Fleets 18

in Santa Monica, Calif.; San Francisco Car Share; to health care companies for security applications, including Kaiser; and universities such as Cornell University for pool car applications,” said Thomas Miller, EV commercial fleet sales manager for MMNA. Due to overwhelming demand and dealer excitement, the manufacturer announced that the vehicle is now available to order for delivery in May/June across the country.

‘i-Catching’ Good Looks Available in two trim levels (ES and SE), the 2012 Mitsubishi i standard features include driver seat heater, on-board recharging system with 120v portable charging cable, remote keyless entry, power door locks, and four-passenger seating capacity. The SE trim level includes additional features such as a leather-wrapped steering wheel and shift knob, two-tone instrument panel, seat material upgrade, 15-inch alloy wheels, auto on/off headlamps, and more. The SE trim level also offers an exclusive diamond white pearl and ocean blue two-tone paint scheme.

Getting Technical This new, U.S.-spec’d model features increased interior and improved safety features over the European model (4.3-inch

The Mitsubishi i features two available trim levels and three different levels of charge on all models.

wider track and redesigned front and rear bumpers), a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), and an acoustic vehicle alerting system to warn pedestrians of the approaching EV. The vehicle has an EPA-rated 112-mpg equivalency (MPGe) in city driving and 99 MPGe in highway driving, which equates to an EPA range on a single charge of 62 to 98 miles. This zero-tailpipe emissions production vehicle uses a 49 kW, AC synchronous electric motor, an 88-cell 16 kWh lithiumion battery pack, and includes an onboard battery charger. The vehicle’s batteries can be recharged in approximately 22 hours by the included 120v Level 1 portable charging cable, seven hours by a dedicated 240v Level 2 EVSE charger (available for home installation by select retailers or utility companies), and receive an 80-percent charge in under 30 minutes from a public Level 3 DC quick charging station via the optional DC charging port. Warranties include: three-year/36,000mile basic; five-year/60,000-mile powertrain; eight-year/100,000-mile battery; and seven-year/100,000-mile anti-corrosion.

GREEN FLEET ■ JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012

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It’s your turn to explain why ﬂeet is over budget this year. Time to consider PartnerPlan . SM

Do your fleet expenses have you avoiding budget meetings? LeasePlan’s innovative new lease option gives you more control over your fleet expenses. Experience what it’s like to have confidence in your fleet budget. Let us show you how it’s easier to leaseplan. For a no-risk quote and consultation from the experts at LeasePlan, visit www.us.leaseplan.com/partnerplan, or call us today at 877-766-7601.

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he 2011 Green Fleet Conference Oct. 3-4 in Grapevine, Texas, saw a 15-percent increase in attendance over last year, with more than 550 fleet professionals present. The 4th annual conference was the largest and best attended one yet, according to event organizers. The conference consisted of two days of presentations and educational panel discussions about green fleet vehicles, strategies, technologies, experiences, and compliance issues. Tulsa, Okla., Mayor Dewey Bartlett gave a conference-opening speech, and keynote speakers for the conference were John Schaaf from Johnson Controls and Britta Gross from General Motors. Thirty-five vehicles were available for a rideand-drive on the first day of the event, and the show floor allowed conference attendees to connect with key industry suppliers. Awards announced at the show included the Sustainability All-Stars award, Government Green Fleet awards, and the Propane Hero award. Additional images taken at the 2011 Green Fleet Conference can be viewed online at www.automotive-fleet.com. Click on the “Photo Galleries” tab and select Green Fleet Conference 2011. Next year’s conference will take place Oct. 2-3, 2012 in Schaumburg, Ill. Updates on the show will be available at www.greenfleetconference.com.

Green Attendance G Gr Attendees packed general sessions and breakout rooms at the 4th annual conference, often leaving only standing room for late arrivals. Highlights also included a 35-vehicle ride-and-drive and several award ceremonies.

General & Breakout Sessions 1-7 With speakers and panelists from fleet-centric manufacturers and several of the largest fleets in the industry, it’s no surprise the 2011 conference had its best attendance to date. Tulsa, Okla., Mayor Dewey Bartlett (shown below in photos 5 & 6) opened the conference on Oct. 3.

4 6

AT A GLANCE Highlights from the 2011 Green Fleet Conference included: ● More than 550 fleet professionals in attendance. ● Two days of informative presentations and educational panel discussions. ● Thirty-five vehicles available for test driving. 20

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Fleet ce e Grows

Conference

Awards

15-17 Fleet professionals who have significantly contributed to helping green the fleet industry were recognized during the conference. Forty first-ever Green Fleet Sustainability All-Stars were named (15), in addition to the Propane Education & Research Councilâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Propane Hero (16), and new members of the National Clean Fleets Partnership (17).

Networking 8-10 The Green Fleet Conference offered networking opportunities for attendees in between sessions, during lunch, and in the exhibit hall.

15 8

17 Ride & Drive

11-14 Thirty-five green vehicles were available on-site for test drives on the first day of the event. The ride & drive was comprised of models powered by alternative-fuel sources, such as compressed natural gas, propane autogas, and diesel. Electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles were also available.

Show Floor 18-20 Approximately 70 fleet suppliers exhibited on the show floor of the 2011 conference. Vendors included representatives from the major automobile manufacturers, fleet management companies, technology solutions companies, fuel card providers, and alternative-fuel providers.

20 JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012 â&#x2013; GREEN FLEET

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Pepsi Beverages Company Fleet

Adds Hydrogen-Injected Trucks With an expected goal of increasing fuel economy by 15 percent per year and reducing fuel usage by more than 4,200 gallons per vehicle, per year, PBC is looking toward alternative-fuels for its delivery fleet. By Lauren Fletcher

ith more than 10,000 vehicles on the road, including both transport and delivery vehicles, Pepsi Beverages Company (PBC) started purchasing hydrogen-injected trucks in 2009, with an initial purchase of 21 units. The company now operates more than 140 hydrogen-injected vehicles on the road today, with more on order throughout the remainder of 2011. PBC is PepsiCo’s beverage manufacturing, sales, and distribution operating unit in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. It handles approximately 75 percent of PespiCo’s North American beverage volume. Headquartered in Westchester, N.Y., the company employs approximately 70,000 people. In addition to the hydrogen-injected trucks, PBC operates hybrid-electric delivery vehicles and delivery vehicles that run on natural gas.

Big Fuel Savings Without Sacrificing Capability According to a PBC spokesperson, the vehicles met the company’s standards for increased fuel economy and reduced carbon emissions. The vehicles carry heavy loads, so it was important to find a vehicle 22

Pepsi Beverage Company (PBC) operates more than 140 hydrogen-injected vehicles. The units are day cabs, and contribute to the company’s sustainability goals.

that could perform the job while reducing the environmental impact. The hydrogen-injected trucks are day cabs, operating two shifts and averaging 200,000 miles per year. On average, each unit carries a trailer with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of up to 80,000 lbs. Savings experienced based on use of the hydrogen-injected trucks will vary based on geography and climate, according to PBC, but on average, the vehicles are expected to achieve an increase of up to 15 percent in fuel economy, potentially reducing the company’s fuel usage by more than 4,200 gallons, per vehicle, per year. The hydrogen-injected trucks are equipped with Dynamic Fuel System’s HydraGen, an onboard portable hydrogen generator that injects small amounts of hydrogen into the air intake as a combustion stimulant. The process is designed to reduce nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon emissions, resulting in more power and better fuel economy.

PBC is always looking for opportunities to improve the fuel economy of its vehicles and reduce carbon emissions. In addition to the hydrogen-injected trucks on order, the manufacturing, sales, and distribution company also has additional hybrid-electric and natural gas delivery vehicles in the order queue for the remainder of the year. The hydrogen-injected trucks are becoming the company’s standard, over-theroad vehicle when it makes new transport vehicle purchases. “These fleet additions are a great opportunity to leverage new, cleaner vehicle technology,” according to Shelby Green, director of fleet for PBC. “These trucks contribute to the environmental sustainability goals established by both Pepsi Beverages Company and PepsiCo as a whole. PBC is proud to grow our alternative-fuel vehicle fleet and contribute to a cleaner environment.”

GREEN FLEET ■ JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012

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Closing the ‘Barn Door’:

The Benefit of a In the “good old days,” getting the job done trumped costs and resources. For today’s fleets, that isn’t the case.

Sometimes, the best way to “green” a garage is to start from square one with a new structure. This may sound like an expensive and inefficient solution, but it has historic precedence.

By John Dolce

here are many benefits that can be derived from going “green.” However, the overarching goal is to reduce the fleet’s carbon dioxide output (aka carbon “footprint”), helping to clean up the air and the environment. Reducing a fleet’s carbon footprint is a win-win for everyone — the company, its drivers, and the public. For instance, carbon dioxide credits can be kept or even sold for tax credits to other organizations. While many fleets have invested heavily in energy-efficient vehicles to “green” their rosters, they’ve yet to make another investment in reducing the carbon footprint of their garages. Many architectural and engineering firms perform energy audits to show clients how to reduce carbon emissions by reducing their electrical draw, which, in turn, will reduce utility generation, which reduces fossil and gasoline usage. Changes to reduce a carbon footprint and increase energy efficiency can be as simple as trading out incandescent light bulbs for fluorescent ones to illuminate the workplace with the same candlepower at the floor. Or changes can be as complex as replacing electricity needs with solar or wind technology by rehabbing present fa-

AT A GLANCE Many fleets that have gone “green” have focused on their vehicles, not their garages. When implementing a green garage, consider: ● The value of renovating versus building. ● Space requirements. ● The

number of staff needed.

cilities with cost-saving technologies, taking the best of the worst and reducing the present carbon output directly and/or indirectly. It is a complex process, but not an overwhelming one.

Playing Catch Up However, the best way to play catch up to modern, environmentally friendly technology and fleet progress is to scrap and replace the garage in total. While this may sound like an extreme and expensive solution, it is not without precedence. When the automobile was introduced more than a century ago, the horses that pulled wagons were no longer needed. The horses lived in barns, so these existing structures were used to store, maintain, and repair the now horseless carriages. As automobiles became more advanced, more were added to the fleet and the barn was modified to meet the needs of the new technology. The increase in the size of the vehicles forced them to be stored outside, so that maintenance, service, and repair could take place inside the barn. Lights and equipment — such as jacks, lifts, drill presses, welding torches, and gantry cranes — parts and supply areas; tire service; pits; wash areas; and battery rooms were added. These additions eventually transformed the barn into a garage without physically altering the original structure — and everyone made do. In this case, the symptom was treated but the root cause was not addressed. As the barn-based fleet increased in size, more technicians, mechanics, labor-

PHOTO: ©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/SUESMITH2

ers, and semi-skilled people were added. As the staff grew, the space remained essentially static. For instance, two people had to share a bay that could only accommodate half of the vehicle with the other half outside the building. If it rained or there were other weather issues, the workers got wet and ended up taking triple the time to perform the task at hand. If it was cold, the door was — by necessity — left open and the heat escaped the building while a heater kept running, which was an expensive way to melt the snow. There were few complaints during these “good old days.” Most of the staff did what they were instructed to do inside or outside. They wanted a job, and management prided themselves on “getting it done” no matter what the cost. However, in today’s green era, cost and resources do matter. So how does a fleet manager determine how much space he or she really needs and the real cost of doing business?

Calculating Space & Manpower Here’s an example of how to determine

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Green Garage

space needs for a new green garage for a typical fleet with a predictable mix and density, average age, and labor time of 40 percent maintenance and 60 percent repair workload. The vehicles need to be domiciled with a work schedule priority. The sequence for maintenance and repairs covers 500 items. Each bay is open for an eight-hour shift. The work being done is either maintenance or repair. Maintenance is scheduled work with predictable times. Some tasks take a few hours and some take more based on historical information. The supervisor lines up the staff who need to work in the bay with eight hours of work, e.g., a two-hour job, a three-hour job, and two 90-minute jobs. All the fluids, parts, supplies, and tools are there to complete the job, barring any problems. One person can be assigned to one bay to predictably, proactively finish one eight-hour shift’s work in the maintenance bay. On the other hand, repair tasks are unscheduled due to premature failure, abuses, and accidents that are not predictable. They require on-the-spot diagnosis. Sometimes, disassembly is required

to get at the root cause of the problem. Once the problem is defined, the parts and supplies have to be ordered and delivered, which takes time and the vehicle is immobilized so it can’t be moved to make room for another unit. In the repair bays, the better manpower assignment is 1½ bays per mechanic or three bays for two repair technicians/ mechanics/laborers/semi-skilled workers assigned to the area. This aids in efficiency so the assigned staff have the space to work on another vehicle while the parts and supplies are delivered for the vehicle in the next bay. Fleet people know how many direct labor hours are needed per the last 12 months to service their vehicles, because they have repair orders with time and materials for reference. Calculations for staff and space requirements for a fleet include people getting paid 40 hours per week x 52 weeks per year which equals 2,080 hours. Miscellaneous time for vacations, sick leave, holidays, outside training, and jury duty total 580 hours per year, which leaves 1,500 at-work hours. Indirect work time, which includes coffee and restroom breaks, routine paperwork, and moving vehicles in and out of bays could be another 300 hours (six hours per week), which leaves a grand total of 1,200 hours of at-work direct time available. If the fleet takes 12,000 hours of work per year, that would mean that 10 workers are needed. With the manpower calculation made, then the amount of space can be calculated. If 40 percent of the work is scheduled maintenance, then four out of the 10 people will get one bay each and the other six will get repair bays of 1½ bays per person; four maintenance bays, plus nine repair bays equals 13 bays total for one shift or seven bays for two shifts. If 10 people

are working one shift in a seven-bay barn that is morphed into a garage, they are put at a productivity disadvantage. As the fleet morphs in size and since the facility is not designed to provide the proper space for the staff, productivity is affected and the potential for accidents increases.

The Green Garage If a fleet pursues a green garage, technology will allow some small gains. When opportunity meets preparedness and adequate funding, a cost analysis of renovation versus replacement should be looked at. Architectural and engineering firms can perform a design-build analysis to fully take advantage of a particular economic opportunity to position garages to be more efficient and environmentally friendly. Architects know codes, how to design facilities to fit a site footprint, and how to create energy savings. Engineers know how to build the facility with a predictable life. Some of the more efficient equipment from the barn can be moved to a new facility, but the majority of the equipment will be new, more efficient, safer, and greener, and will provide more energy savings. It is advisable that staff input should be gathered and included in the final design. This design-build process results in productivity gains from the new equipment, the new design, and the staff feeling that their input was a part of the process. This is an overall win-win situation, both economically and environmentally, and will improve efficiency. Greener is better. Add to that efficiency and a greater benefit is had by all. About the Author John Dolce is a fleet specialist with Wendel Duchscherer Architects and Engineers, Buffalo, N.Y.

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Cutting Emissions:

‘As Long as We Both Shall Live’

A Midwestern couple works to reduce petroleum use along the shores of Lake Michigan. By Julie Sutor

n September, Lorrie and Carl Lisek celebrated 28 years of wedded bliss and hundreds of thousands of gallons’ worth of petroleum-use reduction in Indiana and Wisconsin. Between the two of them, the Liseks oversee the operations of two Clean Cities coalitions, through which they speed the deployment of alternative fuels, fueling infrastructure, and electric vehicles. “We just love what we do,” Lorrie said. “It’s so exciting to be part of the success stories, working toward energy independence. And the fact that we do it together makes it all the more fun.” The Liseks’ foray into sustainable transportation began more than eight years ago when they founded their own environmental consulting company.. Lorrie had experience in sales and marketing, and Carl’s background was in environmental protection and cleanup. p In 2006, the company p y

The City of Milwaukee is incorporating 25 heavy-duty natural gas vehicles into its fleet and developing two publicly accessible natural gas fueling stations.

Lorrie and Carl Lisek, married 28 years, have been working together to reduce petroleum use and gain energy independence. The couple founded their own environmental consulting company more than eight years ago and currently oversees the operations of two Clean Cities coalitions in Indiana and Wisconsin.

w awarded the contract was to run northern Indiana’s South Shore Clean Cities. So In March 2011, Lorrie took the helm of Milwaukeeto based Wisconsin Clean ba Cities, where she is C overseeing public education aand outreach for a $32 million project to deploy 280 alternative-fuel and electricd drive vehicles and associated fueling and d ccharging infrastructure. The four-year project, managed by the Wisconsin State Energy Office, includes W 331 partners from the public and private ssectors. Among the project’s participants is the City of Milwaukee, which is incorporating 25 heavy-duty natural gas vehicles into its fleet and developing two pub-

licly accessible natural gas fueling stations. “Overall, the partners are very proud of their vehicles. They’ve been in parades and on display in the state capital,” Lorrie said. “Best of all, the new fuels have been very successful from an operational standpoint, and now people want to add more vehicles and additional infrastructure.”

Get Involved With Clean Cities Through the work of nearly 100 lo local coalitions, Clean Cities works to reduce petroleum use in U.S. transportation. Clean Cities is an initiative of the U.S. Department of Energy. Find out more at www.cleancities.energy.gov. For more information about Wisconsin Clean Cities and South Shore Clean Cities, visit www.wicleancities.org and www.southshorecleancities.org.

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Leveraging

These T hese h days, days many flfleets d eets t striving to begin or expand sustainability programs often get tripped up by lack of money — but there is help. Grants can provide major funding for sustainability projects. The City of Riverside, Calif., shows how.

to Build a Superb

By Shelley Mika

ith the advent of new and improved fuel technology, more fleets are taking advantage of alternative fuels and creating greener, more sustainable fleets. But, despite their best efforts (finding altfuel vehicles, planning, and gaining leadership buy-in), fleets face a major roadblock: funding. That’s where grants can help. Although there is certainly time and effort involved in going after grants and implementing programs, grant dollars can go a long way toward building a powerful sustainability program. The City of Riverside, Calif., is one such example.

Building a Well-Rounded Sustainability Program Today, the City has nearly 300 light-, medium-, and heavy-duty dedicated units

AT A GLANCE Citywide support and grant money have helped the City of Riverside, Calif., create and maintain a successful sustainability program. Grant funding sources include: ● Department

of Energy (DOE). Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA). ● Carl Moyer Program. ● Diesel Emission Reduction Act (DERA). ● American

The City of Riverside’s fleet of alternative-fuel vehicles currently operates 232 compressed natural gas (CNG) models. Annabel Cook from American Honda is shown above with the natural gas-powered Civic GX during the grand opening of the City’s CNG station in 2004.

that run on a variety of alternative fuels, including propane autogas, compressed natural gas (CNG), electricity, and a hybrid of gasoline and electricity. It also employs a number of all-electric vehicles, including 57 neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs) used in parks, plant maintenance, central stores operations, power generation plants and substations, and six all-electric ZAP pickup trucks for operations in various City departments. In addition to alt-fuel fleet units, the City has another highly successful enterprise: a publicly accessible alternative-fuel station that dispenses CNG, propane autogas, and hydrogen, and can charge electric vehicles. The station dispenses roughly 97,000 gallons of CNG per month.

Citywide Support & Grant Funds Fuel Growth Much of the City’s success in establishing a large-scale green fleet is due, in part, to two major factors: citywide support of sustainable initiatives and grant funding. The “Sustainable Riverside Policy” guides the City in becoming a “clean and

green” city, and states that sustainability is a vital and necessary civic goal. Under this overarching vision is a clearly defined goal for the fleet: continue moving its fleet of vehicles to alternative energy, with the goal of limiting the use of gasoline-powered vehicles. “Since the 1980s, Riverside and its community partners have actively and aggressively adopted programs focused on improvLOVERIDGE ing air quality,” said Mayor Ronald Loveridge, who is also a long-time member of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB). “But, especially in recent years, we have stepped up our efforts through dedicating resources and staff time to specific green initiatives. As such, Riverside has become a recognized leader as a model clean air city.” Building on the City’s support, the fleet’s commitment to greening its operations has also been supported by several grant wins. Since 2006, it has garnered more than $2.1 million in grant money. Some are from fed-

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Grants

b Sustainability Program

In 2011, the City of Riverside’s publicly accessible alternativefuel station dispensed 25 percent more CNG, from 73,250 to 97,000 gallons per month.

eral sources, including the Department of Energy (DOE), American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), Carl Moyer Program, and the Equipment Replacement for Fleet Modernization – HeavyDuty Trucks. The City also applied and won regional ARRA and DERA (Diesel Emission Reduction Act) funding by partnering with the Western Regional Council of Governments (WRCOG). And, the City’s continued support was evident in the fleet’s Clean Transportation

Several grant wins have helped to greatly reduce the overall cost of greening the City’s fleet, which includes adding alternative-fuel vehicles. Kris Martinez, General Services director, poses with a hydrogen-powered model.

Funding win, which is part of the MSRC’s (Mobile Source Air Pollution Reduction Review Committee) Local Government Match Program. This program requires matching funds from the local government and a commitment on the City’s part to be awarded funds. “Because Riverside chose a proactive approach to sustainability, we were able to take early advan- BOWMAN

TIPS FOR GRANT SEEKERS

or fleets seeking to apply for their first grant or strengthen their current grant-seeking program, Martin Bowman, fleet operations manager for the City of Riverside, Calif., offers these tips: • Secure staff. Applying for — and implementing — grant programs takes manpower, so plan accordingly. “Make sure you are properly staffed to not only prepare grant applications, but to follow through with the requirements of the grant, such as RFP preparation, award and construction, and preparation of all the reporting requirements of the grant,” Bowman said. • Think beyond fleet units. A sustainability program is more than just alt-fuel vehicles. “Make sure you have the funding in place to purchase necessary equipment and build the infrastructure you are receiving the grants for,” Bowman advised. • Expand the program to the public. “Plan your infrastructure to include fueling capability for the public and local businesses as well,” Bowman offered. “This will greatly improve your chances of being awarded grants.”

tage of grant incentives to clean the fleet,” said Martin Bowman, fleet operations manager. “Grants for the fuel island and CNG fueling infrastructure, heavy-duty vehicles, off-road vehicles and other incentive funding have greatly reduced the overall cost of greening the fleet.”

Envisioning the Future of a Growing Alt-Fuel Fleet City support and grant funding has paid off for the fleet — and the numbers demonstrate just how powerful this growth has been. Since August 2009, the percentage of alternative-fuel vehicles in the City’s fleet has increased dramatically, with the number of targeted vehicle classes increasing from 53 percent to 72 percent and the percentage of clean vehicles increasing from 69 percent to 89 percent. Its publicly accessible alternative-fuel station has also grown in popularity. In 2011 alone, it has dispensed 25 percent more CNG, from 73,250 to 97,000 gallons per month. With CNG at roughly $1.26 per gallon compared to $3.43 for gasoline and $3.81

JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012 ■ GREEN FLEET

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GRANT FUNDING

DEDICATED ALTERNATIVE-FUEL AND HYBRID VEHICLES* for diesel, use by Riverside citizens and businesses pumping that fuel alone has increased 59 percent from 28,026 gallons per month in January 2010 to 47,182 gallons per month in January 2011. The increased use of CNG decreases operating costs for both fleet customers and the public. The City’s use of and infrastructure for all-electric vehicles is scheduled to increase, too. Through a DOE grant, it will receive 11 electric vehicle public charging stations. MARTINEZ “Riverside is one of the top 10 cities preparing for electric vehicles,” said Kris Martinez, General Services director. “The positive impact electric vehicles will have on our environment make them a highly anticipated automotive trend. We bought a Chevrolet Volt for use in daily operations as well as community events. Electric vehicles provide clean air, an alternative-fuel source, and a quiet ride, which will reduce noise pollution.”

VEHICLE CLASS

Light-Duty Classes 1-2 GVW up to 10,000 lbs.

Medium-Duty Classes 3-5 GVW 10,001-19,500 lbs.

Heavy-Duty Classes 6-8 GVW 19,501 lbs. & above

Following the Green Lead While the City has won many grants and earned well-deserved recognition for its sustainability efforts, it has also learned several lessons along the way. 30

% OF FLEET IN CLASS

CNG

109

28%

Electric

Hybrid

104

26%

Propane

CNG

22%

Electric

Hybrid

Propane

<0.04% <.04%

CNG

36%

Electric

Hybrid

Propane

*Note: Dedicated vehicles are those that run only on the fuels listed — even though the vehicle may run on alternative fuel does not mean the fleet is purchasing it for those vehicles.

Reaping the Benefits of a Healthy Green Initiative All of the fleet’s efforts have resulted in cleaner air for the City, and lower fuel-related operating costs. But the accolades don’t stop at the fleet level. The City was designated the first “Emerald City” by the State of California Department of Conservation for its commitment to sustainable green initiatives and renewable energy. “We are proud of our designation as an Emerald City,” Loveridge said. “As part of this pilot project, Riverside has an increased ability to focus on waste reduction, urban design, urban nature, transportation, water, and healthy communities.” Riverside also participated in the International Awards for Livable Community, earning a Silver Award in the “200,000-500,000 population” category. This program focuses on best practices for managing the local environment in 50 countries and is endorsed by the United Nations Environment Program.

FUEL TYPE TOTAL IN FLEET

FIVE YEARS OF GRANT WINS Year Applied

2006

2009

Grant Information

Amount

SCAQMD-CNG Storage Tanks (Spheres) 06-07

$112,500

SCAQMD (MSRC funded) Heavy-Duty Vehicles

$350,000

AQMD Heavy-Duty CNG Vehicles 08-09

$400,000

CNG Fueling Station Expansion

$55,000

Fleet Maintenance Facility Modification (shop heaters)

$50,000

2010

MSRC Alternative-Fuel Infrastructure

$500,000

2011

PA2011-13 MSRC Local Government Match Program

$670,000

Total awards from 2006-2011

$2,137,500

Since 2006, the City of Riverside has garnered more than $2.1 million in grant money from several sources, such as the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD).

Perhaps the biggest is that, while it’s easy to focus on the present, it’s equally — if not more — important to also look to the future. “When planning your infrastructure, don’t just look at your current fleet; project for at least 10 years’ future growth and start there,” Bowman said. “Current technologies can change and vehicles and equipment

will change with them. If you size your infrastructure for at least 10 years of growth, you will spend less time and money having to upgrade every few years. When the next level of technology comes, your proven success in your existing systems will give you a much better chance of being awarded future grants and projects.”

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Ready For

Civic C v Duty D uty All-new for the 2012 model-year, the Honda Civic Natural Gas vehicle is rebranded and ready for the road. Sporting a new name and refined features, it made an impressive show at the Green Fleet Conference. By Shelley Mika

ourteen years after its debut in 1998, the Honda Civic Natural Gas holds the title as the longest continuous OEMproduced, compressed natural gas (CNG)powered vehicle in America. And that’s not its only significant stat — it is also the cleanest internal combustion-engine-powered vehicle in the world, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Fourth Generation, New Name Formerly known as the Civic GX, the fourth-generation model has been rebranded as the Civic Natural Gas to show off its most distinctive feature: the fact that it’s a dedicated CNG vehicle, not a hybrid or bifuel vehicle. “While the GX had some brand/model awareness for a good number of our shoppers, the name change helps them to identify the model and identify with the model,” said Eric Rosenberg, assistant manager, alternative fuel vehicle marketing for American Honda Motor Co., Inc. While the name change helps the Civic Natural Gas stand out among its competition, its production also makes it unique: Honda is the only OEM to build its CNGpowered vehicle on the same assembly line as its gasoline product. “This is a significant difference, as everyone else builds their vehicles as gasoline units, 32

then ships them off to a CNG upfitter so the CNG-specific equipment can be installed,” Rosenberg said. Avoiding the upfitting process is more efficient, in that it avoids several points of transportation, loading, and assembly, and as a result, is more cost effective and ensures quality, too.

The Honda Civic Natural Gas had its second official debut at the 2011 Green Fleet Conference in October. Formerly known as the Civic GX, the new, fourth-generation model is a dedicated compressed natural gas vehicle.

The Civic Natural Gas offers durability, lower fuel costs, reduced maintenance costs, and has the same look and appeal of its popular counterpart, the gasoline-powered Civic. “Buying a Civic Natural Gas gets a fleet out of expensive-to-run trucks and vans when the need really isn’t there,” Rosenberg said. “On top of everything else, you get Honda quality, too.”

Fit for Fleets Rosenberg said the Civic Natural Gas is ideal for a broad range of fleet applications, including “runners,” supervisors, parking lot contractors, parks and recreation departments, mass transit organizations, utilities, insurance companies, and pharmaceutical reps. One common concern on the part of alt-fuel vehicle buyers is the lack of “convenient” refueling stations. However, the new Civic Natural Gas offers Honda’s integrated navigation system with public CNG stations already populated in the software, easing driver apprehension about fueling. Service is easier, too. Honda recently added 74 more dealers to its certified network and is now represented in 36 states by a total of 198 dealers — in all, 20 percent of all Honda dealers in America. “By the end of the year, we will have increased our certified dealer network by 58 percent so servicing your Civic Natural Gas will become even easier,” Rosenberg said.

Green Fleet Conference Debut After its debut at the New York Auto Show in April 2011, the Civic Natural Gas saw its second official debut later that year at the Green Fleet Conference, and was well received. “Everyone is always surprised at how roomy the car is,” Rosenberg said. “When people think of the Civic, the first thought that comes to mind is it’s a small car or something they had coming out of college. But this new platform is a huge step up in content, size, and prestige.” Rosenberg said the word about the Civic Natural Gas is spreading. “I was very happy with the reception of the Civic, but I was especially pleased by how knowledgeable our guests were,” he commented. “Often when we attend green events we spend a good deal of time ‘introducing’ the Civic to individuals for the first time. At this year’s Green Fleet Conference, I met a whole different kind of shopper/attendee and that was especially gratifying.”

GREEN FLEET ■ JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012

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VEHICLESHO GREEN

Five vehicles covering the gamut of fuel options can help fleets improve fuel efficiency, lower operating costs, and reduce dependence on foreign oil.

PROPANE

ROUSH CLEANTECH F-250/F-350 The new 2012 ROUSH CleanTech Ford F-250/F-350 comes equipped with a 6.2L V-8 engine and a liquid propane-autogas fuel system, which reduces operating costs by up to 40 percent, greenhouse gas emissions by 24 percent, nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions by 20 percent, and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 60 percent, according to the company. The vehicle runs completely on domestically produced propane autogas, and the factory warranty coverage is maintained. Two tank options are available, a 49-gallon in-bed tank or a 25-gallon under-bed tank. The vehicle comes equipped with Ford’s

The 2012 F-250 propane-autogas-fueled truck will reduce vehicle emissions and maintain the manufacturer warranty.

gaseous fuels prep package on the engine, containing hardened valves and seats to prevent premature wear. The vehicle will be available in June/

The 2012 Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana Cutaway 4500 vans meet all Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (CARB) emissions certification requirements.

CHEVROLET EXPRESS & GMC SAVANA CUTAWAY 4500 VANS General Motors is offering a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) option for the 2012 Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana cutaway 4500 vans, now available for order. The vans come equipped with GM’s hardened Vortec 6.0L engine, and can be converted to various commercial, school bus, shuttle bus, and RV requirements. Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana LPG cutaway vans are covered by GM’s three-year/36,000-mile new vehicle limited warranty and five-year/100,000-mile limited powertrain warranty and also meet all EPA and CARB emissions certification requirements. There are more than 2,500 LPG fueling stations nationwide and the number of 34

July of 2012, and all cab, bed length, and wheelbase configurations are supported. The vehicles are also EPA and CARB certified.

fueling stations is expected to increase over time as more companies look to LPG to serve as a cost-effective fuel alternative.

GM’s single-source LPG van option provides a complete LPG fuel system available in two versions, three-tank and four-tank.

GREEN FLEET ■ JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012

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ESHOWCASE DIESEL

MERCEDES-BENZ ML350 BLUETEC SUV The all-new 2012 Mercedes-Benz ML350 BlueTEC offers fleets and fleet managers an intelligent, versatile, and fuel-efficient choice in the luxury SUV segment. The ML350 BlueTEC pairs standard 4MATIC all-wheel-drive with a V-6 cleandiesel engine that meets the emissions standards of all 50 states. According to the manufacturer, the ML350 BlueTEC engine produces more torque than many V-8 engines, yet achieves up to 27 highway mpg. The ML350 BlueTEC can cruise for

ELECTRIC

The 2012 ML350 BlueTEC clean diesel achieves up to 27 mpg on the highway.

more than 600 miles on a single tank of fuel. Advanced safety features include 11-way airbag protection, ATTENTION ASSIST that monitors driving behavior to alert driver

to signs of drowsiness on long trips, and optional PARKTRONIC (with Active Parking Assist), and passive Lane Tracking or active Driver Assistance packages.

The E36v (pictured) is a two-passenger cargo van, part of the Electric Mobile Cars (EMC) E36 Family of vehicles.

2012 ELECTRIC MOBILE CARS E36 The 2012 Electric Mobile Cars (EMC) E36 Family of vehicles includes the E36t (a ¼-ton pickup truck), E36v (a two-passenger cargo van), E36 (a five- or seven-passenger wagon), and E36s (an all-terrain 4x4). Each is a front-wheel-drive electric vehicle with a top speed of 75 mph, a highway range of 160 miles per charge, and a city range of 200 miles, according to the company. Standard features for all models include:

PZEV PZ

● 675-lb. cargo capacity.

Pricing for the vehicles are: ● E36t: $37,300 ● E36v: $38,300 ● E36: $39,300 ● E36s: TBA

● Four-star safety crash tested. ● AM/FM/CD stereo system. ● 15-inch alloy wheels. ● Front and side air bags.

SUBARU OUTBACK 2.5I CROSSOVER

The 2012 Outback 2.5i models are powered by a 170-hp 2.5L, fourcylinder Boxer engine. When equipped with the Lineartronic CVT, the vehicle achieves an EPA fuel economy of 22 mpg city/29 mpg highway. Features include symmetrical all-wheel drive, PZEV available in all 50 states on four-cylinder Subaru Boxer engines, and 8.7 inches of ground clearance. Interior features include under-floor rear cargo-area storage, cargo capacity up to 71.3 cu.-ft., 60/40-split fold-down rear seats, and available Bluetooth connectivity, voice-activated navigation, and rear-vision camera. Six air bags and rollover sensor are also standard.

The 2012 Subaru Outback 2.5i features PZEV availability in all 50 states.

JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012 ■ GREEN FLEET

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GREEN TALK

Weight Reduction as a Green Fleet Strategy MIKE ANTICH

here’s a direct correlation between vehicle weight, fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Every pound of extra weight requires an engine to work harder, increasing fuel consumption and, as a consequence, increasing tailpipe emissions. If you reduce fuel consumption, by default, you will decrease emissions. For instance, an extra 100 lbs. in vehicle weight can reduce mpg up to 2 percent. In addition, every pound deleted from curb weight is converted into revenue-generating payload. Decreasing the weight of vehicles is a difficult challenge for OEMs, especially when mandated to comply with everstricter safety regulations, which require new onboard equipment, such as stability control or stiffer bodies that can withstand tougher roof crash standards. In fact, the average weight of a vehicle in the U.S. and Japan has increased by 10 to 20 percent in the last 10 years, due to safety enhancements and increased onboard content. The new 2016 and 2025 CAFE standards are forcing OEMs to refocus on vehicle weight reduction to meet these fuel economy standards. A recent survey of the members of the Society of Automotive Engineers asked how the auto industry will meet the new CAFE regulations. The majority (61 percent) said it will primarily involve engine downsizing with powerboost technologies. Other top responses included: hybrid and electric powertrains (51 percent), downsizing vehicles (32 percent), and greater use of lightweight materials (28 percent).

Eliminating ‘Rolling Warehouses’ Until these new lighter-weight vehicles enter the market, fleet managers can do their share by requiring drivers to eliminate weight that accumulates inside a vehicle. Fleet managers should institute a pro36

gram to instruct drivers on a quarterly basis to remove all unnecessary items (weight) from their vehicles. Ask field managers to enforce these fuel-saving tips and discourage drivers from using their vehicles as “rolling warehouses” to carry everything they may possibly need — just in case. Over the course of a vehicle assignment, drivers accumulate a “cargo” of dated sales materials; point of sale demos; and seldom-used tools carried in trunks, storage bins, and back seats. You’d be surprised how quickly pounds add up, especially when heavy tools and materials are carried. As an aside, in an online post, one driver wrote: “This past weekend, I cleaned out just the trunk of my car and removed the following items — golf clubs and golf shoes (18 lbs.), two large CD cases (20 lbs.), and five library books (6 lbs.). By removing these items from the trunk, I reduced my car’s weight by 44 lbs., which should improve my gas mileage and fuel economy by 0.88 percent.” While this may not seem like much, it all adds up, especially when coupled with other fuel economy practices. In terms of trucks, not only are they filled with work-related materials, but they are also sometimes used for personal storage. Ask drivers to unload all excess equipment, tools, and shelving, and carry only needed items. If given leeway, drivers will carry everything they can conceivably fit into a vehicle. It is important to develop guidelines as to what may be carried in vehicles relative to tools, sales materials, and payload. Not only does unnecessary weight consume additional fuel, it poses a potential safety risk and causes unnecessary vehicle wear and tear. Although there is little fleet managers can do about this, it is interesting to note that fuel consumption has increased as U.S. workers have become heavier, according to studies by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Virginia Com-

monwealth University. Americans are using 938 million more gallons of fuel annually than they were in 1960 as a result of extra body weight. Increased body weight is directly linked to decreased fuel economy. At $4 per gallon, the cost for overweight people driving vehicles amounts to $3.6 billion a year.

Other Ways to Decrease Fuel Consumption Another strategy to reduce tailpipe emissions is to minimize idling. The worst mileage a vehicle can get is 0 miles per gallon, which occurs when it idles. Idling for long periods of time, whether at a railroad crossing or pulling off the road to make a cell phone call, consumes gas that could be saved by simply turning off the engine. Restarting an engine uses about the same amount of gas as idling for 30 seconds. In Snow Belt regions, during winter months, ask drivers to remove snow and ice left on the vehicle, which decreases gas mileage by disrupting air flow and increasing vehicle weight. Flying snow and ice are also dangerous for those driving behind. Similarly, roof-top racks and carriers disrupt air flow and decrease fuel efficiency. Take these items off when not in use, and, whenever possible, carry necessary items to the job, inside the vehicle. To paraphrase a cliché, it takes a “village” to reduce fleet emissions. It is critical that you make drivers energy conscious. Similar to the habit of turning lights off in unoccupied rooms, drivers should practice comparable energy conservation habits with their vehicles. If drivers cleared their vehicle of unnecessary cargo, there would be less demand on the engine, it would increase fuel economy, and reduce tailpipe emissions. Let me know what you think. mike.antich@bobit.com

GREEN FLEET ■ JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2012

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