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VOCATIONAL P REPARATION D EPARTMENT
Spelling Patterns and Rules
Published by Adelaide City Campus Written by Gill Jacka
Spelling Patterns and Rules
Copyright © MINISTER FOR EMPLOYMENT, TRAINING AND FURTHER EDUCATION Government of South Australia 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electrical, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or stored in any retrieval system of any nature other than pursuant to the terms of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwth) or with the written permission of the Minister for Employment, Training and Further Education, Government of South Australia. Purchase of this product Further inquiries to: DFEEST Training Resource Centre Department of Further Education, Employment, Science and Technology (DFEEST) Education Services and Programs 120 Currie Street (GPO Box 1872) ADELAIDE South Australia 5001 Telephone: +61 8 8207 8368 Fax: +61 8 8207 8689 Email: trc@saugov.sa.gov.au Contribution & Authorship This document was developed by TAFE SA, Adelaide City Campus, Vocational Preparation Program in collaboration with ESP Production House. ESP Production House: Vocational Preparation Program, Adelaide City Campus Author: Gill Jacka Production Management: Bev Puckridge Desktop Publishing: Melissa Stapleton Print Management: Heather Wilkinson TAFE SA acknowledges the valuable contribution that the project team made to the development of this publication, and the contribution of others who provided input and reviewed drafts. Guide This publication has been developed in line with the National Training Package/curriculum for use within the learning programs of TAFE SA and is based on a philosophy of flexibly delivered, competency based education and training.
Reprinted 2007 Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry
374.013 Jacka, Gill J12s Spelling patterns and rules / developed by the TAFE SA Vocational Preparation Program, Adelaide City Campus in collaboration with ESP Production House ; author, Gill Jacka. Adelaide, S. Aust. : DFEEST, 2007. 82 p. ; 30 cm. ISBN 9781865069364 ISBN 1 8650 69361 1. Language and languages—Orthography and spelling—South Australia 2. English language—Study and teaching—South Australia 3. Adult education—South Australia I. TAFE SA. Vocational Preparation Program. II. South Australia. ESP Production House III. Title
01.171.4865-E1
Contents INTRODUCTION
1
PART ONE
3
Stresses Syllables Vowels Prefixes and Suffixes Base Word Word Family Do You Remember?
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PART TWO
11
Word Family: Silent Letters Do You Remember?
14 15
PART THREE
17
The “one-one-one” rule Alphabetical order Word Family Do You Remember?
17 19 20 21
PART FOUR
23
The “two-one-one” rule Word Family Do You Remember?
23 27 28
PART FIVE
29
Do You Remember? Word Family
29 33
PART SIX
35
Adding Endings (Suffixes) To Words Which End With “Y” Word Family Do You Remember?
35 38 39
PART SEVEN
41
“I” Before “E”, Except After “C” – (When The Sound Is “Ee”) How To Check For Spelling Errors Word Family Do You Remember?
41 42 44 45
Spelling Patterns and Rules
PART EIGHT
47
Word Building Do You Remember? Plurals Word Family
47 48 50 52
PART NINE
53
How To Improve Your Spelling Do You Remember? Do You Remember?
PART TEN Spelling Rules Summary Remember
53 58 64 67 67 69
ANSWERS
71
PART 1 PART 2 PART 3 PART 4 PART 5 PART 6 PART 7 PART 8 PART 9
71 72 73 74 75 77 78 79 80
Spelling Patterns and Rules
INTRODUCTION Spelling: Patterns and Rules contains the following: • The most common and reliable rules of English spelling. • Many exercises to enable familiarisation with the spelling rules and patterns. • Revision exercises at the end of each unit. Students are referred to the appropriate part of the course if assistance is required. • A word family study in each unit. • A revision section for the first half of the course, and a final revision of the whole course. • Advice to students on - how to check for errors. - how to improve at spelling. • Answers to all exercises. • A summary of all rules.
Spelling Patterns and Rules
PART ONE
Stresses A stress indicates a part of a word which is pronounced more loudly than others. A stroke (‘) at the end of a part of a word shows that this part should be stressed (said a bit louder than the other parts). Examples Im por’tant, reg’u lar, police’
Spelling Patterns and Rules
Place the stress sign after the part of the word which is pronounced more loudly than the rest. big gest
o bey
pi a no
ap point ment
ap ply
pre fer
pre fer ence
quiet
com fort able
pen cil
re fuse
dis re spect ful
ap plication
Syllables The words have been broken up into “sound-parts� or syllables. There are many different ways to decide how to separate the parts of words. When spelling, the best way is to say the word slowly to yourself, and count the number of times your mouth/tongue moves. Each movement will be for a different spelling part of the word Examples
1.
One mouth movement/spelling syllable: (cat, foot, speak, time).
2.
Two mouth movements/spelling syllables: (butter, helpful, because, window).
3.
Three mouth movements: (important, unhappy, forgotten).
4.
Four mouth movements: (unimportant, unhappiness).
Spelling Patterns and Rules
In brackets after each word, write the number of mouth movements/spelling syllables which it contains: water ( west (
) )
)
unfortunately (
consider (
)
December ( found (
powerful (
violin ( )
)
)
)
advertisement (
)
dissatisfaction (
)
Vowels Vowels are the letters: a, e, i, o, u. The rest of the letters of the alphabet are called CONSONANTS. These 5 letters can have a long or short sound. Short Vowel Sound
Long Vowel Sound
mat
mate*
pet
Pete
bit
bite
hop
hope
cut
cute
* By adding an “e� to the end of the words in the first column, the s__________ vowel sound changes to the l____________ vowel sound.
Spelling Patterns and Rules