The Integration of LID & Urban Design
Mark Lewis – Boffa Miskell Ltd
The Integration of LID & Urban Design ___________________________________ 1. Principles for LID and Urban Design 2. Integrated Design Approaches 3. Methodologies - “The Toolkit�
The Integration of LID & Urban Design ___________________________________ 1. Principles for LID and Urban Design •
Auckland Regional Council TP124
•
MfE Urban Design Protocol – The Seven C’s
•
Comparison of LID and Urban Design Principles
2. Integrated Design Approaches 3. Methodologies - “The Toolkit”
ARC TP124 – LID Definition Low Impact Design is a design approach for site development that protects and incorporates natural site features into erosion and sediment control and stormwater management plans.
ARC - TP124 1.
Achieve multiple objectives
2.
Integrate stormwater management and design early in the site planning process
3.
Prevent rather than mitigate
4.
Manage stormwater as close to the point of origin as possible
5.
Rely on natural processes within the soil mantle and the plant community
MfE Urban Design Protocol Urban Design is concerned with the design of the buildings, places, spaces and networks that make up our towns and cities, and the ways people use them. It ranges in scale from a metropolitan region, city or town down to a street, public space or even a single building. Urban design is concerned not just with appearances and built form but with the environmental, economic, social and cultural consequences of design. It is an approach that draws together many different sectors and professions, and it includes both the process of decision-making as well as the outcomes of design.
The Seven C’s 1.
Context
2.
Character
3.
Choice
4.
Connections
5.
Creativity
6.
Custodianship
7.
Collaboration
Comparison of LID and Urban Design Principles
Comparison of LID and Urban Design Principles
Synergies for LID and Urban Design Approaches 1.
Based on the physical, spatial and planning context
2.
Adopt integrated design and inter-disciplinary approaches
3.
Encourage intensification or clustering of built form
4.
Encourage innovation through planning flexibility and responsive design
5.
Adhere to sustainability models
6.
Provide for multiple objectives
Conflicts to reconcile 1.
Urban grid vs natural drainage pattern
2.
Urban intensification with potential effects to environmental resources
Reconciling the Urban Grid 1.
Base grids upon topography
2.
Strategic crossings based on travel distance
3.
Flexible rules for carriage width and riparian buffers
4.
Favored connectivity for pedestrians/ bikes
5.
Enhanced stream systems internal to blocks
6.
Pedestrian connections along stormwater systems
7.
Home-zone streets integrated with riparian open space
8.
Landscape connectivity using urban ecology elements
Reconciling Urban Intensification & Effects on the Environment 1.
Provide comprehensive planning frameworks for urban form, infrastructure, and natural resources at appropriate representative scales
2.
Disconnect stormwater from reticulated systems and redirect to LID treatments that are appropriate for the urban typology
3.
Provide for urban ecology responses
4.
Design environmental adaptations for urban effects
The Integration of LID & Urban Design ___________________________________ 1. Principles for LID and Urban Design 2. Integrated Design Approaches •
Perceived Values for Stormwater
•
International Best Practice
•
Auckland Region
3. Methodologies - “The Toolkit”
Perceived Values of Stormwater
Adaption of the Hydro-social contract (Brown, Keith and Wong 2008)
International Best Practice •
Low impact Design (LID) in the US
•
Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) in the UK
•
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) in Australia
International Best Practice •
Integration of ‘four waters’
•
Water harvesting
•
Public-Private partnerships
•
Micro-grading and soil conservation
•
Regional Perspectives
•
Integration of stormwater with architecture
•
Celebration and interpretation of stormwater in urban spaces
•
“Living Streets”
“Living Streets”
Auckland Region A review of planning provisions within the region revealed: •
Stormwater integration in structure planning
•
LID practice within design codes
•
Water values introduced for urban vision documents
•
The beginning of formalised inter-departmental discussion
Auckland Region Generally the review identified the opportunity for: •
Further integration of LID and Urban Design policy directives
•
Comprehensive planning frameworks at complementary and representative scales
•
Selective approaches to LID and UD across representative urban and environmental typologies
The Integration of LID & Urban Design ___________________________________ 1. Principles for LID and Urban Design 2. Integrated Design Approaches 3. Methodologies - “The Toolkit�
Integrated Design Response
Comprehensive Planning Framework Regional or Municipal Scale
Catchment or Neighbourhood Scale
Block or Site Scale
“The right thing in the right place.� Bruce McKenzie (2009)
1. Comprehensive planning framework based on scale-specific assessment and analysis 2. Integrated design responses based on urban and environmental transitions
Regional Scale – Comprehensive Planning Framework
Based on Royal Commission Report for Auckland Governance
Regional Scale – Integrated Design Response
Regional Scale – Integrated Design Response
Catchment Scale – Comprehensive Planning Framework
Catchment Scale – Integrated Design Response
UPPER MIDDLE LOWER
Block Scale – Comprehensive Planning Framework
Based on ARC TR – Application of LID to Brownfields
Block Scale – Integrated Design Response
Block Scale – Integrated Design Response
Block Scale – Integrated Design Response
TP 124 Review 1.
2.
The TR ‘The integration of LID and Urban Design’ informs the review of TP124 in the following ways: •
Synergy between the principles of LID and urban design
•
Methodology for integrated planning and design
Additional Recommendations include: •
Investigate methods to reconcile the urban grid and natural drainage patterns
•
Promote streets as multi-purpose infrastructure and open space
•
Emphasize disconnection from reticulated systems
•
Explore architectural responses to stormwater
•
Inform policy for integrated planning and design approaches