Selected Works / Along and across the scales Ilie Bogdan Mircea Architect European Masters in Urbanism
Motivation. My architectural experience made me understand the importance of context and the importance in reading and interpreting it to provide an adapted answer to the problem. I became fascinated with the urban context and all its layers, the geographical landscapes, the cultural and political landscapes that through their interaction shape urban form and feed the spirit of the place. Giving answers on the scale of architecture by always looking at the greater context gave me a whole new appreciation for the field of urbanism that I decided to study in more depth by enrolling in a post-graduate masters. The journey through the world of urbanism made me understand that for achieving a fine gradient in the complexity of design one must always shift between scales. This in turn made me see the importance of the architectural scale while dealing with the larger contexts of urbanism. This document is a selection of works that go from territorial scale down to the scale of architecture while at the same time each project illustrates the shift in scale as a tool for developing the design. Being involved in an international masters and various workshops has taught me the value of working in teams with people of different cultures, academic backgrounds and views. I believe that the contradictions that arose out of these differences helped enrich our knowledge that in turn added value and complexity to the projects. My objective is to be part of a team that is able to experiment and develop sustainable projects by identifying and untangling its composing layers and then feeding the conclusions into the design process. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Bogdan Ilie.
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CONTENTS: 1. 100 LAKES / Using water as a tool for interweaving systematic landscapes.
pages: 04 - 21
2. RECONSIDERING THE “VILLAGE IN THE (EXPANDING) CITY” - TAIHU, BEIJING’S SOUTHEASTERN FRINGE / Serve the City, Serve the Village.
pages: 22 - 35
3. ANTWERP NORTH: RE-VISITING THE MODERNIST CITY / Space of mediation: port and city
pages: 36 - 45
4. COLLECTIVE HOUSING / Identity Mosaic.
pages: 46 - 57
5. COMPETITION : ICOANEI 2-8 / Reinterpreting the deep courtyard.
pages: 58 - 65
6. ISOVER STUDENT COMPETITION 2009 / Passive office building.
pages: 66 - 73
7. PORTMANTEAU.RO / Taking the totalitarian city for a walk.
pages: 74 - 77
3
1.
4
100 LAKES.
Using water as a tool for interweaving systematic landscapes.
Project type: Location: Scale: Supervisor: Tutor: Co-tutor: Common part team: Individual part: Date:
Thesis of Master in Urbanism and Strategic Planning, European Masters in Urbanism. Tirana - DurrĂŤs region, Albania. Territorial. AndrĂŠ Loeckx (KU Leuven) Sotiria Kornaropoulou (51N4E) Freek Persyn (51N4E) Bogdan Ilie, Calin Lambrache, Tao Cai, Wei Lu, Zhongkai Zhou. Bogdan Ilie. February 2013 - June 2013.
5
100 LAKES
Using water as a tool for interweaving systematic landscapes. Albania is a small but highly idiosyncratic country and its recent history is one of a series of ruptures: It has seen 6 different regimes from 1912 until 1992; it has remained largely isolated from the rest of the world during the second half of the 20th century; it has witnessed a violent transition to market economy after the collapse of the socialist regime, the impact of which is still perceptible today; it has been the only constitutionally atheist country to exist, resulting today in a rather secular attitude and a spirit of tolerance between a multitude of religions. Appropriately enough, even its (Indo-European) language is a branch in itself. The 100 lakes studio attempts to at first instance capture these specificities and take them aboard while dealing with its core questions: how can the (metropolitan) region of Tirana- Durres manage its increasing dynamic as a whole? How can it invest in an integrative urbanism that links housing needs with economically and ecologically viable solutions? What meaning can the inherited and massive socialist infrastructure find today? How to develop again positive notions of collectivity?
6
Durres
3
Albania_100 lakes
Tirana
Small, Compact and Resourceful Country
Backyard of Southeastern Europe
Strategic Position in Albania
Albania is a small, mountainous country in the Balkan peninsula, but rich in natural and water resources with a long Adriatic and Ionian coastline. Having a general overview of the nature and infrastructure condition, it has several main rivers from east mountains, following the east-west low-land corridors, all the way going to the sea on the west-different types of landscape are presented in this small but resourceful territory. All the big cities or towns are linked by roads or railway, Durres has the biggest and most significant port connecting Albania with the other countries by sea, The capital, Tirana, as the political and economic centre in the country, has the only international airport.
Albania is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Kosovo to the northeast, Montenegro to the northwest, Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. Close to the sea, it has a long coast area on the Adriatic Sea to the west (less than 72km from Italy), and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. The country’s population amounts to about 2,8 million people, 95% of Albanian ethnicity, in an area of approximately 28.000 km2; the official language is Albanian and there is a Muslim majority - a legacy of its centuries of Ottoman rule. Albania applied for European Union membership on 28 April 2009 and was officially recognized by the EU as a “potential candidate country�. Today the negotiation is ongoing
Almost 1/3 of the total population (2/3 of urban population) are concentrating in Tirana-Durres region now, and the progress of social-spatial transformation will be even accelerated compare with the other European cities for the next decades. Historically, these two significant cities--Tirana and Durres--have been the cultural and political centres for a long time and well-developed. Nowdays, due to the geographical position, as where the national capital and biggest port city locate, this metropolitan area offers more economic opportunities and social facilities to attract settlement from inner Albania. Future planned projects on European scale (ie. Corridor 8) may trigger further internal migration, representing at the same time an opportunity for further development of the area.
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1. LANDSCAPE AS COLLECTIVE PROJECT
Historical Context of the Lakes
The impact of the socialist period on the territorial landscape.
Agriculture Projects Man Made Lakes 1960-1969 Man Made Lakes 1970-1990 Man Made Lakes (without information) Dams Irrigation System
In order to understand the present development in Tirana - Durres region, we should read the social development and urban transformation in the specific period corresponding to the socialist regime from 1944 to 1991, which transformed and shaped the current Albanian social-spatial structure to a large extent.
Nomal Farmland System Terrace Farmland System Marsh Land Transformation Industry and Infrustracture Projects National Road Network Railway Lines and Stations Ishem(1968˅
Main Industry Projects Other Features
Topana(1978)
Urban Tissue Topo Lines 100M Topo Lines 200M Nature Water System Yellow Line
Adriatic Sea
In the socialist regime, state government gave the top priority to industry, especially the heavy industry, over the agriculture in order to achieve modernization and improve the social life and economy. Immediately, there are a large number of large scale public projects launched for industry, agriculture and infrastructure construction, like various factories, railway lines, housing units for the working class, bunkers for defence purposes, artificial lakes for irrigation as well as terraced hills/ drainage marshland for cultivation etc., which were mainly realized through top-down policies from “people’s state power” (examples being the “New Towns” in 1960s, and “Voluntary Work” in 1970s). The sheer number of public projects during this specific period largely modified the face of cities and landscape alike. Today, big part of this volume of works is still present.
Kruje
Tarin(1962)
Budull
Rine(1985)
Shkalle(1971)
Tapize(1981)
Rade nr2(1968) Berce(1970)
Sharge(1976) Shupal Kodner(1974) Rade nr1(1966)
Cerkez(1970)
Bilalas(1966)
Vore Shupal(1976) Valias Coal Mine (1971-1975)
Rabjeke(1967)
d
lan
rsh
d by me 0) for ns 66-197 d Tra (19
Ma
Berxull(1965)
lan
rm
Fa
Kares(1981)
Sakoza(1982) Zallherre-1(1973)
Sukth
Gjokaj-1(1967)
HISTOR
Gjokaj(1985) Karpen(1966) Tufine(1976)
Paskuqan(1983)
Kashar(1963)
Porcelain (old complex) (1956-1960)
Koxhas(1967)
Linze(1970)
Historic ects dur
Metalla e vjeter(1965)
s nd h Po 0) Fis 66-197 (19
"Dinamo" Mechanical plant (1962)
Spitalle nr1(1963)
Shtepaze(1975) Porcelain (new complex) (1988-1989) "Partizani" plant (1951-1955) Shtraze(1968)
Part of the infrastructure is dilapidated (bunkers, factories), part is still operational (national roads, railway), part is operational but with the function changed (informal housing taking over factory buildings) and in some cases the infrastructure is operational but with a new definition are pending (artificial lakes, where the original irrigation purpose is often no longer present). There exist already different studies.
Shoe and Leather Processing Factory (1947)
"Skëndërbe" Brandy Distillery (1961-1965)
Spitalle nr2(1968)
Plastic Factory (1966-1970) Brick Factory
Celeberzez(1976)
Rrashbull
"Migjeni" Artistic Enterprise (1976-1980)
Tirana Tiranë-Durrës Railway (1949)
Purezi(1971)
"Enver" Tractor Plant (old complex) (1966-1970)
"Enver" Tractor Plant (new complex) (1971-1975) "Ali Kelmendi" Food Plant (1956-1960)
U.M.B. (1966-1970)
Allyjate(1975)
Silicate Brick Factory (1967)
Xhafzotaj(1985)
Durres
Lanabregas(1978)
Gjepalaj(1967)
SIE-Rubbers (1951-1955)
Radio-television plant (1966-1970)
"Enver Hoxha" Shipyard (1961-1965)
Manskuri(1969)
Terrace Farmland (Since1950)
Mechanical Enterprise of Railroad (1956-1960)
"Misto Mame" Wood Plant (1951-1955)
Coal-Fired Power Plant (1951-1955)
Durres Port (1950)
Callekut(1963)
"Stalin" Textile Plant (1951-1955)
Prrush(1978) Arapaj(1966)
"Enver" Mechanical plant (1948)
Glass Factory (1956-1960)
Pjeza(1967)
Farke(1984) Sauk(1982)
Likesh(1986) Shkallenur(1969)
Sharre(1980)
Selita-2(1970) Selita(1973)
Cizmeli(1982)
Gurre(1973)
ra Dur resVlo
Du rr
es -S ara
nd a
Manskuri e Vogel(1970)
Pinet(1989) Bozanxhias(1972) P. Arave(1981)
Romanat(1966)
Dealing with the potential of different infrastructure parts, and the local opportunities they offer. This study will attempt to add a dimension: the continuous presence of these projects across the territory also presents a potential to develop alternative solutions on a larger scale. The rejected imposed collectivity of that period could perhaps indirectly help today, through its imprint in the territory, to find new and appropriate collective projects.
Alltate(1974)
Zaranike-1(1973) Ballaxhias(1969) Zaranike-2(1975)
Rov(1966)
Krraba(1972)
Paper Processing Plant (1961-1965) Mustafakoc(1975) Artistic Enterprise (1976-1980)
Kavaje
Veski(1972)
Glass Factory (1966-1970)
Zelaji(1975) Nail and Bolt Plant (1961-1965)
Food Factory (1956-1960) Vrap(1973)
Peze Gjyslykonje(1967)
N
8
0
3
6
12
18 Durres-Deqin
Kilometers 24
Tirana-Albasan
Historical industry-related projects.
Historical hydrology-related projects.
Historical agriculture-related projects.
Archive images of collective industry-related projects.
Archive images of collective hydrology-related projects.A
Archive images of collective agricultural-related projects.
Contemporary conditions of industry-related projects.
Contemporary conditions of hydrology-related projects.
Contemporary conditions of agricultural-related projects.
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2. WATER: SYSTEMATIC LANDSCAPE
Water Network
The water system that irrigates the agricultural territory of the Tirana – Durrës region is organized along two river valleys, the Lanë river valley that spreads from Tiana to the North – West and the Erzeni river valley to the West. It was realized in steps, through “voluntary” work, across a time period of 20 years, starting from the early 1960’s to the late 1980’s, during the second half of the communist regime. It was designed to irrigate the land in these two valleys, making it feasible for intensive agriculture. Approximately 100 dams were constructed in the region.
Reservoir Reservoir catchment area Flooding areas Collector river River Spring Canal Distribution canal Drainage canal
The system is organized according to water flow. The mountains framing the two valleys provide the catchment areas and springs that in turn feed the canal system. Due to the climate, with heavy rainfall in two of the seasons, respectively autumn and winter, the water needed storing which came in the form of 100 artificial lakes built by closing small valleys on the edge of the surrounding mountains.
WATER
7KH QHW ing the t feed the seasons FDPH LQ edge of
The water system is a whole organized around the natural water flow, complemented by an artificial system. The two work together to feed the agricultural lands. The natural water system comprises of water providers like natural springs and the rivers that serve a double role, collecting and distributing water at the same time. The artificial water system has source components, like catchment areas and lakes, main distributors and antennas that feed the territory. The surplus water is then collected by the drainage system which flows into the rivers. Taxonomy of water system
Catchment area
Spring
Sea Canal Reservoir Pump station
Drainage canal
Distribution canal
Collector river
N
10
Taxonomy of water system. 61
Albania_100 lakes
62
0
3
6
12
18
Kilometers 24
Lakes.
Canals.
Rivers.
The lakes are fed by springs and water collected from the catchment areas defined by the highest ridges framing them. They store the water and control its distribution necessary due to the seasonal fluctuations in precipitation. It is then released into the irrigation network or used for drinking water.
The canal network spreads the water throughout the territory irrigating the land. It works together with the rivers creating a system and it structures the water flow. Water enters the system through distribution canals that are in turn fed directly by the sources. The canals spread water in the territory while the drainage canals intake the surplus water and feed it back into the system.
The rivers follow the topography and are integrated in the canal network. Their natural role of drainage is thus accompanied by the role of distribution, feeding the system directly or through the main distribution canals. The water system links the rivers and gives a second direction to the water flow.
Urbanization growing on the edge of the Lakes.
Urbanization growing along the canal structure.
Urbanization growing along the river on the city fringe.
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3. INFRASTRUCTURE-DRIVEN URBAN EXPANSION After the collapse of communist regime and accompanied by the social structure shifting -free movement of people, inner/ outer migration trends and free market- economy as a driving force contributed in an important way to the urban sprawl anyway caused by the lack of enforceable regulations. Urban and infrastructure constructions during the last two decades represent a rapid urbanization progress without clear hierarchy, gradually taking over the territory at the points of least resistance (mild topography) .
INFRA
12
81
Albania_100 lakes
1991
2001
2013
Pattern in post socialist urban development along the infrastructure networks following the terrain of least resistance. urban pattern_1991 urban pattern_2001 urban pattern_2013 mobility infrastructure
99
Albania_100 lakes
Urbanization growing along main infrastructure.
100
Urbanization growing on the topography of least resistance.
Wave of densification of the inner city.
13
Water sub-systems and administration. Upon a closer analysis of the water system we can see that it’s composed of multiple sub-systems. The independent managing of these subsystem is hampered by the administrative mismatch with the water system.
Water resource in Albania.
14
Water pollution in Albania.
Diagram showing nodes and loss in water distribution.
Administrative break up of systems Following the break up of the centralized social system and governance the political power and responsibility has been passed on to a certain extent to the communes. The territorial scale systems however due to their design made and maintained under central control and supervision are broken up. Their functionality still addresses the territorial level therefor there is a mismatch between operative scale and management.
Diagram showing population distribution and prognosis.
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CONCLUSION: PROJECT AMBITIONS
Urbanity
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Infrastructure
Water system
Agriculture
Ecology
PROJECT PROPOSALS
Water As A Tool for Interweaving Systematic Landscapes Around the main infrastructure spine connecting Tirana to Durres, the pure agricultural landscape that the water system was once created to irrigate is no longer there. An investigation on how the water system can adapt to support, integrate and structure the hybrid mix of urban and agricultural landscape.
A Territorial Waste Collector System
A Climate-Conditioning Landscape
Fast trees, Slow trees
A Decentralized Energy Test Case
A hypothesis of use of the water system as a starting point for the implementation of a sustainable solid waste management, in response to the deficiencies of the current system in the Tirana-Durres region and the behavioural patterns associated with it. A proposal for a gradual switch in behavior through an adaptive waste management model.
An investigation of the role of landscape interventions on the local and regional climate. A proposÂŹal for a resilient landscape and its management mode in the mountain range between Tirana and Durres. A focus on the commune of Vore as the intersection of an ecological and an urbanization corridor.
A proposal for the introduction of tree nurseries and cultivated forest as a single response to a twofold question: how to articulate an environmental preservation policy and how to enhance the thinning local agricultural economy.
If the capacity for the generation of electricity on a local level would be used to steer future urban growth, how would the region transform? An analysis of the potential of the territory for the production of diffused energy and an investigation of its spatial impact.
Reading the territory in relation to its future challenges The Tirana-Durres region is the strongest economic region of Albania considering geographical position and the dynamics created between the main harbor of Albania, Durres, and the political and administrative capital, Tirana. Due to these aspects it has attracted the major economical developments which in turn led to an increase in population whose trend shows no signs of slowing down. At the same time the region has a rich as well as heavy heritage: a vast, monumental water system, radical in its shaping of the territory, reflecting past practices ecologically and socially unsustainable, is today seriously neglected, but technically recoverable. The shift in administration models from a centralized one to an increasingly decentralized one along with the pressures induced by the growth of population materialized in a dispersed urban pattern that clashes with these territorial scale systems. These tensions, along with the misinterpretation of what these systems stand for, manifest through their neglect, misuse and degradation. The developed proposals revolve around a search for new definitions for it that are ecologically economically and socially sound and in tune with the current reality of the territory: How can the presence of rich natural resources, like important pan-European wind corridors, water, forests, solar energy, inform a more rational pattern of urbanization? How can the embedded energy of the territorial infrastructure monuments be harvested and how can their functionality help achieve a balance between the future pressure of urbanization and the race for economic development. How can their qualities and dynamics raise awareness of their potential and inform a more aware management model? All five projects seek innovation on the border of urbanism and other disciplines. In full conscience of the missing competencies, this detour in less familiar fields of knowledge aims at providing an arguable hypothesis that opens up the scope of the study, to gradually return, enriched, to space-related dynamics and behaviours.
17
Two dynamics The Tirana - DurrĂŤs highway is the hard-spine of development in the region. It links the main harbor of Albania, DurrĂŤs , with the administrative capital Tirana creating a very strong dynamic between the two. It is also dubbed by the railroad linking the two cities, and linking to the north of the country. The presence of these two very powerful elements and the relatively short distance between the two cities of only 37 km has induced, in the years after the collapse of the communist regime, a ribbon development to emerge along it. In the past years agriculture in the region has been in decline while the demand for urbanization is on the rise due to the presence of the two major poles of attraction in Albania. This led to the occupation of many agricultural plots with urban developments in a dispersed pattern. Due to the switch in property rights that came with the fall of communism, the lands of the large cooperatives was transferred to individual owners . The structure of the plots created was dictated by the irrigation network which in turn influenced the pattern of the recent urban expansion. The urbanization that is taking place along the Tirana - DurrĂŤs highway is influenced by these two dynamics. It generates a strip where these two systematic landscapes are superimposed.
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Urban development along the canal structure.
Linear centrality Observing the development along the highway we see that the mixed use urban expansion takes place along it creating a linear centrality while at the back the land use is more oriented to housing and agriculture. This linear centrality generates a dynamic that breaks apart the two sides of the highway, especially in depth. Overlaying this dynamic with the water structure we see that although disconnected the two sides of the highway share the same subsystem. The subsystems give transversality to the dynamic of the highway and define distinct segments with different characters.
The hybrid urban development at the base of Kashar lake next to Tirana.
Hybrid urban development along the high way.
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20
Original functionality
Today’s functionality
Proposal for future functionality of the water system
The irrigation system was designed between the late 1960’s and early 1980’s to support the intensive agriculture in the planes. The rain water is retained in large artificial lakes and then fed to the agriculture lands through a network of canals. There is a main canal that runs on the highest slope and then distributes the water down in the valley through a series of antennas. The water is then collected by a collector canal that feeds it to the next subsystem.
Today the water still flows through the system in the same way, according to topography. The urban development uses the antennas for sewage outlet so the pollution caused by it is then carried to the agriculture enclaves that use the same water for irrigation. This creates tension between the two.
The proposed adaptation of the water system addresses the new urban character and the future urban expansion by providing drinking water. It balances the tensions between the built and the enclaves of agriculture by cleaning the water before it reaches the ladder through a sequence of constructed wetlands.
Adding density, adding programs such as a campus and making agriculture part of the urban landscape.
Existing flow of the Kashar subsystem.
Retail / Services
Retail
Housing
Light industries
Enhancing the character and functionality / The deep highway
Proposed flow of the Kashar subsystem.
The existing functions show a highly mixed character that the proposal tries to preserve and enhance through the addition of a larger array of new programs and by reorganizing the relationships between plots in order to create new public spaces and networks for soft traffic that can sustain the new facilities. At the same time the proposal intends to add a new dimension to the linear development along the highway by adding a second layer of development in depth. This layer intends to take advantage of the agricultural landscape as part of the urban environment.
21
Existing landscape, mixed but not integrated The existing systematic landscapes,the water system with the supported agriculture and the highway with attached urbanization generate a mixed use landscape with high potential and qualities but strong tensions. These tensions arise on the one hand from the fight for space along the highway and on the other hand from the inadequate use of the water subsystem as sewage outlet. The map shows the land use and orientation of the existing buildings emphasizing their dependency on the high way and the secondary roads radiating from it. The bidirectional water flow through the irrigation system and its relationship with the urban layer gives an overview to the extent to which the agricultural lands are influenced by the formers pollution.
22
Interweaving landscapes
the
systematic
The proposed water system, with the Kashar reservoir as a drinking water source, enables a high density of development to take place inside it. Its existing structure along with the status of the land use with urbanized, to be urbanized and not in use plots, can inform the strategic spaces where the new development is to take place. At the same time the presence of large productive agriculture plots, that give quality to the landscape, along with the water flow through the system can inform on the strategic positioning of the wetlands. These two dynamics given by the proposed water system create a platform for clustering development. The new density takes advantage of the agricultural landscape as part of the urbanized environment. The public programs plugged in the depth of the highway create deep public spaces, in relationship with the agricultural landscape. At the same time their positioning on both sides of the highway enable transversal connections, that are enforced both on a functional level, by the water system, and on a spacial level.
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2.
24
RECONSIDERING THE “VILLAGE IN THE (EXPANDING) CITY” - TAIHU, BEIJING’S SOUTHEASTERN FRINGE. Serve the City|Serve the Village, PRO Landscape (Protective and Productive Landscape).
Project type: Academic Project, Master in Urbanism and Strategic Planning, European Masters in Urbanism. Location: Taihu, Beijing, China. Scale: Regional. Supervisor: Kelly Shannon, Viviana d’Auria. Team Serve the City|Serve the Village: Bogdan Ilie, Cai Tao, Francesca Vergani Batanero, Inga Bolik, Liesbeth Hautekiet, Lu Wei, Mieke Moerman, Thomas Willemse. Team PRO Landscape: Bogdan Ilie, Lu Wei Date: February 2012 - June 2012.
25
RECONSIDERING THE “VILLAGE IN THE (EXPANDING) CITY” - TAIHU, BEIJING’S SOUTH-EASTERN FRINGE.
City Area, 1975
Serve the City|Serve the Village.
What new housing typologies can be developed to respond to new densities and new forms of living in the rapidly evolving urban condition? How can the re - conceptualizing of the public realm lead to new interplays of programs, interior and exterior and the manipulation of topography and rethinking of the notion of the street? How can infrastructure developments be choreographed to create new landscapes in the new village(s) in such expanding cities that attain dimensions of a territorial scale? In short, isn’t it time, given such extent of engulfing urbanization, to rethink by design the relation territory - landscape, the mixing of scales village - neighbourhood - city - territory, infrastructure - landscape, individual - collective (privatepublic), city-nature, etc.?
City Area, 1988
City Area, 1992
1940´s: MAO´S FAMOUS POLITICAL SLOGAN
2012: A NEW VISION FOR TAIHU
The title ‘Serve the City|Serve the Village’ displays a shift in Mao’s slogan from 1944. As Taihu is located on the fringe of Beijing, a vastly growing metropolis, the area is destined to become part of the city fabric. In order to keep the identity of Taihu, which consists out of a clear contrast between dense traditional villages and open fields defined by an irrigating canal system, Taihu has to serve the city by becoming a valuable asset to it.
City Area, 1996
To have an answer to how to serve Beijing, we looked at some of its main problems. The city produces a huge amount of garbage, has very polluted water infrastructure flowing through the site, is clouded by heavily polluted air, amongst the highest in China, and has an exploding population in desperate need for new housing. In this sense, a vision for a future Taihu is developed which, while serving the city with new spatial quality, new work opportunities, introducing recreational use and re-qualifying the traditional village housing with more diversity and services, therefore also serves the village and the people of Taihu.
26
City Area, 2002
(Source: Master Plan of Beijing 2002 – 2020)
27
28
GARBAGE HILLS
GARBAGE HILLS
SERVE THE CITY/ SERVE THE VILLAGE VISION 1000m
LEGEND
1. purification step 2. purification step 3. purification step canal system rivers original ponds protective forest domesticated forest fodder crops chinese herbs recreational turf treenursery orchard vegetables medow in the Forest soil phytoremediation wind corridor village industry high rise development new neighborhoods landfill/ garbagehill
Turning these problems into something valuable led us to a reversion of the NIMBY idea (‘not in my backyard’) to a WIMBY concept: welcome in my backyard.
Vision map showing the interweaving of the 4 strategic projects, the trash mountain, the clusters, the water cleaning machine and the pro-landscape.
Welcome garbage, we shall mold you into fascinating landfill art. Let the dirty water flow, purified sewage water will provide us with a wet Taihu once again. An embracing forest will clean the polluted air and at the same time provide the area with protection, reconverting the agricultural patterns into wind corridors and a productive landscape. Providing new residential housing follows the demand, without destroying the existing clustered fabric and its connection with the intermediate landscape.
29
30
In taking the garbage of Beijing and creating topography in a flat area.
Clustering the existing villages and the new densities along edges defined by the canal structure.
31
32
Water cleaning machine with its components and the shades of blue and green showing the quality of the water. The cleaning process takes place along the water flow from the northwest to the south east.
The PRO-Landscape with its components, the protective forests, organized along the northwest of the site and the clusters to protect from the winter dominant winds bringing pollution and dust from Beijing. The productive wind corridors that channel the southeast dominant wind coming from the countryside with fresh air. And the productive landscape creating an economic platform for the villagers.
33
34
Diagrams illustrating the relationship between the different crops and the treatment level of the polluted water and at the same time showing the relationship between the density and height of the forests in relationship to their proximity to the clusters.
Established relationships and continuities between the spaces within the PRO landscape and the spaces inside the clusters.
MEADOWS IN THE ORCHARD.
CONTINUITY OF THE DOMESTIC FOREST / MEADOW IN THE FOREST.
FOREST IN THE STREET.
FOREST IN THE VILLAGE.
The edge of a cluster, showing the meeting between it and the productive landscape and the continuation of public amenities.
Conceptual sections illustrating the movement from the meadow in the protective forest along the forest in the main street reaching the forest in the heart of the cluster. The continuity establishes an interweaving between the landscape and the urban fabric.
35
36
“Prosperity map� inspired by the old Chinese folding maps showing the harmonious relationship between city and countryside. In this case showing the transition from the meadow in the forest through the water cleaning ponds to the forest in the cluster.
37
3.
38
ANTWERP NORTH: RE-VISITING THE MODERNIST CITY. Space of mediation: port and city.
Project type: Location: Scale: Supervisor: Team: Date:
Academic Project, Master in Urbanism and Strategic Planning, European Masters in Urbanism. Luchtbal, Antwerp, Belgium. Urban. Laura Vescina, Kathleen Van de Werf, Tom Broes. Bogdan Ilie, Claudia Lucia Rojas, Himadri Das, Jilian Nyakane. September 2011 - January 2012.
39
ANTWERP NORTH: RE-VISITING THE MODERNIST CITY Space of mediation: port and city
The project is seen as a strategy for creating spaces of mediation between the Port and the city. The city of Antwerp is no stranger to this idea. The Port and the City have engaged each other in this debate since the last 5-6 centuries. The project at Luchtbal is special as it investigates the possibility to develop such an urban function in an area which is characterized by large warehouses and flows of infrastructure. The Park proposal comes from the synthesis of many ideas, important among them are a master plan to develop buffers around the reservations that have been taken up by the port. At the location of Luchtbal, there is however no space for such a buffer. The park in this location is a logical conclusion to continue the buffer plan. The nature of functions in the park is determined by a reading of a sequence of public spaces in the city. The project proposes to develop a park with sports and cultural facilities to give this place its own identity in the city as well as fulfill the port’s proposal to create buffers between itself and urban areas. This is the model for the future spaces of Mediation. The Luchtbal Housing is densified in order to capitalize on its new identity as well as its access to infrastructure. The densification is implemented through low-rise high density buildings that allow the modernist blocks to stay prominent and a reminder of the past. The water front is developed as a public space at the southern end of the park.
40
Rediscovering the landscapes of the port.
1200 Luchtbal: Marsh Lands to the North
1940 Luchtbal: The Modernist Enclave, the future of Antwerp Retrospective of city-port dialectic.
1553 Luchtbal: Polders along the road going North
1970 Luchtbal Caught between the growth of the Harbour and the City
1884 Luchtbal: Dykes and Polders
1970-1990 Growth of the Harbour on the West and the City at Eilandje
1900 Luchtbal: Northern Lands
Since 1999 every port area in Flanders has to draw up a Strategic Plan and a Land Use Plan that guarantee maximum protection of the surrounding residential areas, build up the “ecological infrastructure” inside and outside the port area, the associated “nature compensation measures”, and make efficient use of space. “Haven Natuurlijker” is a collaborative project in which the Port Authority is setting up an ecological infrastructure network within the port area.
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PROGRAM
SOFT CONNECTION
WATERFRONT
GREEN SPACES IN THE CITY Nature of functions proposed in the park is based on the sequence of green spaces that exist in the city today. By this way the park provides local facilities for the surroundings neigbourhoods (Lucthbal).
GREEN SINGEL “GREEN RIVER” + SOFT SPINE Space for mobility infrastructure also comprises of a broad roadside landscape, can indeed play a crucial role in terms of green space shortages, local public facilities, ecological connections, city climate, housing development, etc.
MASTER PLAN RIVERFRONT ANTWERP Motivated by the claim of recovering a water front for the city, as well as the report over the variation of the water level – the normal daily tide spans from zero up to 5,00m – EILANDJE Former port area in the north of Antwerp. This neighbourhood entirely surrounded by docks is being transforming gradually into a lively and livable district on the water, with a mix of living, working and cultural and commercial facilities.
But at the same time the program keeps the essence of the place providing facilities at the city level. Certain Large buildings like the Metropolis Mall, its Parking as well as the GM Building are retained. The Park is developed with Cultural and Sports as the main functions
Existing tissue.
Proposal tissue.
Existing rail road tracks.
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Green connections within the landscape.
Main paths along the rail tracks.
Reprogramming of existing buildings.
Aerial perspective of proposal.
Section A-A’.
Section B-B’.
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A A’
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Proposal plan.
B
B’
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4.
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COLLECTIVE HOUSING EXERCISE. Identity mosaic.
Project type: Location: Scale: Supervisor: Team: Date:
Undergraduate Project in Architecture. Bucharest, Romania. Urban Intervention. Mac Popescu, Dragoş Perju, Ştefan Simion, Vladimir Vinea. Alexandru Muntean, Bogdan Ilie. January 2007 - June 2007.
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COLLECTIVE EXERCISE.
HOUSING
Identity mosaic. The site is located in a currently messed part of the city near the north railway station, the main station of Bucharest. The context is a mixture of traditional urban fabric, rundown and mostly inhabited. A university campus on one side and on the other side the communist mono functional developments from the modernist systematization of the late 70’s. The site is to be developed in tandem with the new north-south corridor of the city that is planned to come along it’s eastern edge leading to a shift in the character of the area. Some of the project objectives are: creating a mixed use building, expressing the individuality of each dwelling and setting a contact between the building and the future context. The building complex has 4 main components: the apartments (in a wide range of sizes), the commercial area at street level, the students dormitories on the terraces and the inner courtyard with the playgrounds. The commercial area and the playground are public, thus opened to the surrounding community while the inner courtyard has a semi public character.
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Site in 1927 prior to the systematization.
Site plan, images on the bottom relate to the positions marked on the plan.
Buildings that define the corners of the urban island.
Site for the planned north-south corridor.
The irregularities of the facades (the in and out movement of the modules) are meant to create terraces and also to create a sense of identity as a reaction to the common apartments built in the communist age with the same functional module stacked one on top of the other. The hybrid character of the project is also in line with the concept of having functional mixity as a reaction to the dormitory developments of the communist systematization.
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Axonometric view showing the mix of dwellings raging from studios and 2 rooms and 3 room duplex apartments.
Detailed section.
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3 bedroom duplex apartment axonometric view and plans.
2 bedroom apartment axonometric view and plans.
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Ground floor plan with commercial spaces.
1st floor plan.
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Boulevard facade.
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Interior facade.
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5.
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COMPETITION: ICOANEI 2-8.
Reinterpreting the deep courtyard.
Project type: Location: Scale: Team: Date:
Postgraduate Competition in Architecture. Bucharest, Romania. Urban Intervention. Alexandru Hoffman, Bogdan Ilie, Cristian Deac. March 2011 - April 2011.
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COMPETITION: ICOANEI 2-8.
Reinterpreting the deep courtyard. The theme of the competition was to design a hybrid building with imposed functions, like a conference hall, commercial areas and luxury apartments on a site located across the street from a monument of Romanian art-nouveaux architecture that houses a high-school. It is also located in an area that is protected with respect to its architectural patrimony. We set out to firstly understand the historical development of the area. We noticed that there is a very strong link between how the urban tissue in this case was structured and the evolution of regulations imposed. The tissue in question started from large plots with isolated dwellings in the premodern history of the city. After the regulations of the 1850’s that made building along the street compulsory along with an increase in population a new type of tissue emerges. Its comb like structure comes from a very specific way of dwelling that required an in-between space before reaching the door of your home. This space materialized in the form of deep long courtyards. These spaces actually give the quality of the area by creating a transparency of the urban tissue. This was one of the aspects that we kept in the project by providing such a space and organizing all the public functions around it. At the same time the competition enforced the preservation of the corner facade. Like many other cases this kind of imposition leads to examples of buildings like the ones below where there is no real dialogue between the preexisting building and the new one. What we tried to do is provide an alternative through actually enforcing the presence of the corner facade by housing the apartments in its oversized roof and giving it a stronger image.
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Contemporary general approach when dealing with the imposed keeping of an old facade.
Site plan.
1852 p1900q1980 Premodern urban tissue separated in layers, plots and built fabric. The city at this time presents itself as an amorphous mixture of buildings, gardens and agricultural lands. The majority of the constructions are 1 story isolated dwellings. The 1850’s regulations and the growth in population lead to a new kind of tissue. The regulations were aimed at monumentalizing the public domain and imposed the construction in a continuous front. This abrupt change met a reaction that materialized in the deep courtyard as a buffer between the public space and the private quarters of the residence.
The current state of the site with the corner facade.
The deep courtyard is very specific to many old neighbourhoods of Bucharest creating a patriarchal atmosphere and articulating the transitions between public and private spaces.
With the change in program of the dwellings to commercial or services the courtyards changed their character becoming dilatations of the public space.
Perspective from the crossroad showing the existing facade with the proposal.
Program diagrams.
Diagram showing the space available on the site and the urban tissue around it.
Defining the spaces. Aligning to the existing tissue and adding the density with the volumes that the new programs require.
Defining the deep courtyard with a dilatation that creates centrality in its depth and organises the public functions.
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Ground floor plan, public facilities organized along the deep courtyard and around the dilatation in its depth.
Underground floor 1.
Underground floor 2.
1st floor.
2nd floor.
3rd floor.
4th floor.
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Section.
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Main facade with the entrance to the conference hall in the background.
Public space in the dilatation of the deep courtyard in the depth of the plot.
Perspective with the access to the deep courtyard.
Conference hall.
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6.
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ISOVER STUDENT COMPETITION 2009. Energetically sustainable office building.
Project type: Location: Scale: Team: Date:
Undergraduate Competition in Architecture. Bucharest, Romania. Urban Intervention. Alexandru Muntean, Bogdan Ilie, Dan AndreĹ&#x;an. March 2009 - April 2009.
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ISOVER STUDENT COMPETITION 2009.
Passive office building. The project is the result of an international competition launched by ISOVER. The theme was to realize an office building that was energetically sustainable. This meant taking into consideration all the parameters of insulation in the context of Bucharest with dramatic shifts of temperature between summer and winter. The choosing of the site was left at the choice of the students. This made us try to find a spot that would also satisfy our desire to realize a building that would also be sustainable in the urban context of the city. The site chosen was a 12 by 12 meter area between two modernist blocks that define the northsouth axis of the city in the vicinity of the centre very well connected to public transportation. The spot had been left empty due to formal reasonings to break the rigid rhythm of the concrete block slabs that define the axis to the south of the centre. The choice was made also in context in which the office building developments in the city were happening mostly in low rise areas creating scale conflicts. Thus our quest was to find an alternative to this general attitude by showing that you can resolve all the programs asked by the theme in such a confined area. At the same time the boulevard channels the dominant north wind allowing for it to serve as a sustainable energy source.
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Contemporary office building developments.
Site plan with transport nodes.
Archive image with the boulevard and the modernist blocks defining its perimeter.
Contemporary conditions of the site.
Dominant wind channelled by the boulevard between two wide spaces within the city.
Ground floor show-room interior.
Perspective with main facade with the entrance from the boulevard.
Office space interior.
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Main facade with wind turbines.
Section, the east-west orientation of the building allows for natural ventilation.
Section with heat pump functional scheme.
Perspective / section showing the spaces inside the building.
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1st floor, customer area
3rd, 4th, 5th floor, office space
7th floor, general management and meeting room
Ground floor, lobby.
2nd floor, large meeting room.
6th floor, office space and meeting room.
Detailed section.
Construction details.
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7.
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PORTMANTEAU.RO
Taking the totalitarian city for a walk.
Project type: Location: Scale: Team: Date:
Online application. Virtual space. Bogdan Ilie, Dan Achim. December 2012 - January 2013.
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PORTMANTEAU.RO
Taking the totalitarian city for a walk. The project started from the passion shared by two childhood friends for their city. The city in question is Bucharest, a city of contrasts, struggling to find its identity. One of the things that shape this identity is its socialist past that turned wild and furious on the structure of the city by implementing a megalomaniac project designed as the beginning of a new city, growing from the heart of the old that would establish a new order aligned with the communist ideals. The name of the ensemble was “Socialist Victory”. To achieve this new axis stretching from the east to the west of the city a surface equivalent to the surface of Venice had to be demolished to make room. Crowning this grotesque monumentality is the “House of the People”, now the Palace of the Parliament, the second largest building in the world. The development emphasizes the presence of this building by cutting the old city and creating new hierarchies by hiding the inherited urban landscape of the city, with churches defining the higher topography by hiding them behind a mantle of blocks. The message is that there is no more room for religion, there can be only one supreme belief, communism. Our concept started from a simple question, “O.k! It’s big, but just how big?” and because we are specialized in different disciplines, architecture/urbanism and computer engineering, we set out to find a way of visualizing it.
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An area at the edge of the People’s Palace development before and after.
Pages from the ZEPPELIN architecture magazine nr. 113.
Pages from the ZEPPELIN architecture magazine nr. 113.
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Ilie Bogdan Mircea iliebogdanmircea@gmail.com 0486.87.33.57 Avenue D’Auderghem 149, 1040 Brussels.
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Thank you for your consideration.