Hip Hop Slangs

Page 1

UNDERGROUND

HIPHOP LETS TALK ABOUT

SLANGS and LINGOS with mah

homies

1


I said a hip hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop I LIKE THE WAY

YOU 2

READ NO DIGGITY

IT


CONTENTS 1. Slang Words, Slangs directly from Music 2. English Words with changed meanings 3. Hip-hop Slangs for Brand names and Trademarks4.Hip-hop Slangs for Drugs, Gangs and Guns 5. One of the most played hip-hop song- By Eminem 6. Hip-Hop Slang Phrases 7. Conclusion- Hip Hop Hurray

3


INTRODUCTION Believe it or not, there was a time when calling yourself “Big Willie” or “jiggy” was cool. That time was the 1990s. The ‘90s are widely regarded as the golden age of hip-hop. But while reminiscing on the decade during ‘90s week, it dawned on us that it may also be the golden age of language. Don’t front, you know you used to spell fat with the “ph.” But for those who forgot, we decided to take a trip down memory lane and collect our favorite sayings of the ‘90s. Word up. Hip hop is a musical genre from the United States with a background mostly in urban African-Americans. Terms mostly overlap African American Vernacular English (or Ebonics). Common word play includes making a word its own antonym, such as “bad” meaning go.

COMMONLY USED

bad – a self-antonym meaning good beatboxing – a style of vocalization made to imitate instrumental breaks and beats in songs. g-funk – a sub-genre combining elements of funk and gangsta rap. gangsta – a sub-genre glorifying and sometimes parodying illegal activity. nigga – an offensive self-derogatory term for an African-American. Old School – the first generation of hip hop musicians, from the late 1970s (e.g. Sugar Hill Gang or Afrika Bambaataa). rap – another name for hip-hop music rapping – a style of talk-singing. sucka – contraction for sucker.

4


1

SLANG WORDS Hip-hop music uses a variety of slang terms that have changed as hip-hop itself has evolved and changed. Much of its lexiconis drawn from African American Vernacular English. Hip-hop slang makes use of alternative pronunciations, mostly drawn from AAVE; ordinary words given new meanings; new coinages and portmanteau words; and vernacular phrases. The slang used in a hip-hop record can often date it to a certain era and/or school of hip-hop. As the hip-hop culture has expanded worldwide, non-Americans and even non-English speakers have increasingly borrowed from and contributed to the slang of hip-hop, often modifying the meanings of words to their own uses.

5


Bird - A kilo of a controlled substance

packed in a brick. Shorty - A female or young person. Grill - The jawline or, more generally, the face. Bread, any kind of cheese, dough, mail - Money. Dubs - Car wheels that are at least 20 inches in diameter. One-time, 5-0, Popo - Police. Dime - A very attractive female, a “10”. OG - Original Gangster, true to form. Grind - Working hard to make money. Hustle - Working smart to make money. Creep - Committing an act of infidelity. Trip - To act unreasonably. L - A type of rolled joint. One paper is used to wrap around the paper holding the substance such that before it is wrapped is looks like an L. Beef - A conflict. Cipher - A circular gathering of people. Hydro, Dro - Weed. Fly - Cool. Milkshake - The female body and associated movements. Fam - Short for family, however, is often used as a word to call someone Po-po - Police basically. They are also called feds, cops, one-timers among other things N*gga - Commonly used to describe a black person, means negro and it’s originality comes from Nigeria. Shawty - Basically shorty, a word you’d call a girl. (also broad) Buster - Someone who is against crime or doesn’t like doing certain things Punk - Someone who is worthless/ useless, often used to insult someone.

6

I SNEAZED ON THE BEAT, AND THE BEAT GOT SIKKAH??


SLOW DOWN AND ENJOY THE FUNK 7


2 Changed

Meanings These words can be found with the same spelling in any English dictionary, but they are used as slang words and given an alternate meaning in hiphop music.

8


Wat it do - Hello (Houston) Who am is - Who am i (South) bail - v.- leave, common slang meaning the same as in the phrase “Let’s bail out”. bent - adj.- intoxicated bird - n.- girl biscuit - n.- gun, pistol bitch - n.- besides the usual meanings, the phrase “my bitch” can simply mean “my girl.”When applied to males, it is an insult meaning coward, sissy, punk, etc. (EX: “You’s a bitch.”) blunt - n.- a cigar used as a joint, filled with marijuana instead of tobacco. blunted - adj.- same meaning as ‘stoned’, but specifically the intoxication from smoking a bluntor blunts of marijuana. boo -n.- affectionate term for one’s significant other bounce - v.- leave, go (EX: “Let’s bounce.” = “Let’s leave.”) bugged out - adj.- Acting weird, unorthodox, or upset, etc. (EX: “He’s bugged out.”) buggin’- v.- acting weird, unorthodox, or upset, etc. (EX: “Why you buggin’?”) bumpin’- adj.- cool, pleasurable, to one’s liking. EX: “That shit is bumpin’.” Also as a verb, asin the phrase “It’s bumpin’.”, which usually refers to music. burner-n.- gun bust -v.- perform, do. (EX: “Bust a rhyme” = “Rapping a rhyme”, while “Bust a move” =”Make a move/perform a move”) busted -adj.- ugly, caught doing a crime. {EX: “Yo’ girl is BUSTED!”) cap - n.- bullet (EX: “I’ma bust a cap in yo’ ass.” capped -v.- shot. cheese - n.- money chill - v.- relax, keep cool chillin’ - v.- relaxing cold - adj.- tight, good, nice, and sometimes mean, as in the phrase

“cold-hearted”. If a guycheats on his girl, a response might be “That’s cold. coolin’ - v.- relaxing, being comfortable crab -n.- A derogatory term used by factions of the Blood gang to refer to Crip gang members. crib -n.- place of residence dime - n.- a very attractive woman; a “ten” on a scale of one-to-ten. dip - v.- leave dog (also “dogg” and “dawg”) -n.- a close and trusted friend. doggy (also “dawgy”) -n.- close friend dope - adj.- cool, appealing, etc. down - adj.- with it, or willing to take part. (EX: “I’m down to do it.” = “I’m up for it.” fat - adj.- cool, appealing. When written, it is almost always intentionally spelled “ phat”. fire - adj.-tight, nice, cool. may also refers to marijuana. flow - v.-rapwith beat, can also be used as a noun. (EX: “He was flowing.” or “Listen to myflow.”) fly - adj.- cool, appealing, etc. folk - n.- friends, acquaintances, or at least temporary partners. front - v.- pretending to be that which you are not, acting tough. game - n.- knowledge, skill, expertise, knack, “mack-skills”, techniques, etc. (EX: “He gotgame with those girls.” ghost -v.- to leave, leave quietly, quickly. (EX: “He got ghost.” = “He left quickly.” or “It’stime to get ghost.” gully - adj.- from the hood or ghetto. gurp - adj.- very drunk hate - v.- aside from its usual meaning, has different shades of meaning such as “criticizing”, (EX: “Why you gotta hate on me?”) hating (hatin’) - v.- same meaning as ‘hate’ (see above). (EX: Don’t be hatin’!) heat or heater - n.- any type of firearm heat - n.- police, FBI, law enforcement in general (used especially in the

9


MOST HIP-HOP

SOR RO W 0. 1 S TRUGGLE 0.67 G AME 11 LO VE 21 Occurences per 1

10

0,000 l

yrics


film,Heat). herb - n.- especially marijuana but can be any sort of drug. hood - n.- neighborhood, usually, or the turf of certain gangs ice -n.- diamonds, usually refers to the plural. (EX: “That nigga got shit loads’a ice on hiswrist.” ill -adj.- 1. cool, appealing, far-out (EX: “That’s ill!”) 2. crazy, rowdy, mean (“Why are youacting ill to that guy?”) I’ma - a contraction of “I’m” and “gonna” jet- to leave quickly iron -n.- firearm kickin’- adj.- appealing; (EX: “Those rims are kickin’.”) lamp- v.- chill, relax marinate -v.- chill, relax murk (Also mirk) -v.- 1. leave. “I’m finna murk.” = “I’m about to leave.”) 2. murder, kill. nigga (also “nigger”) -n.- rarely refers to a racial slur, often simply a word for a man of color and occasionally a white man. (EX: “Yo, nigga...”) oreo -n.- opposite of “wizzle” or “wigger”, refers to the Nabisco cookie with the same namewhich has a white, creamy filling surrounded by two brown, chocolate cookies (EX: “Youlook black but you act white. You’re an Oreo!” ) piece -n.- 1.firearm 2.pipe 3.a tagging (graffiti marking a certain gang or individual’s turf) piff 1. -n.- 1. cocaine (EX: “Pass the piff!”) 2. -adj.- something cool (EX: “My Papi - The drug connect White Lady - Cocaine Slanging - Selling Drugs (New Orleans) Girl - Cocaine Dope boy - Drug Dealer Trapping - Selling drugs (Atalanta) The Trap - Place where people sell drugs (Atalanta) boi -heroin brown - heroin bud -marijuana

pig -n.- police officer player (also playa) - n.- 1. Someone who knows how to manipulate women towards sex, etc. 2.Someone who knows how to manipulate things in general. 3. Someone who cheats on hisgirlfriend or wife (or if a woman: boyfriend, husband). 4. Less correctly applied to a”baller” (see “baller”). popes - n. - the police, an abbreviation of po-po. (EX: “Look out for the popes!”) punk - n. - a coward, alternatively an asshole punk - a coward or wimp. (EX: “Don’t punk out on me.” = “Don’t get cowardly.”) punked - intimidated. (EX: “He got punked by that fool.” = “He got intimidated or bullied bythat person.”) pussy - n. - a coward, a sissy. used as a put-down, usually against males. It also refers to thefemale vagina or the female in general. pussy - v. - Sex (EX: “I’m gettin’ hella pussy back at my crib tonight” = “I will have sextonight at my house.”) scratch - n. - money scrillah - n. - money shorty - n.- a girl or woman if referring to a girlfriend, a child if referring to someone’s son or daughter. spit - v.- rap steel -n.- firearm straight - adj.- fine, okay. not related to sexuality. (EX: A person asks “You want someHenny?” The other person replies, “No thanks, I’m straight.”) strapped -adj.- bearing a firearm stunting - showing your best or to act out of the ordinary tight - adj.- cool, high-quality, appealing. toaster -n.- firearm trippin’ -v.- high on drugs, kidding, or being crazy. (EX: “You must be trippin’.”) tweak -n.- to do crystal meth; Can also be altering something

11


12


IF YOU TRY TO KNOCK ME YOU’LL GET MOPPED I’LL STIR FRY YOU IN MY WOK YOUR KNEES WILL START SHAKING AND YOUR FINGERS POP LIKE A PINCH ON THE NECK FROM MR. CHOP CHOP 13


3 BRANDS

AND TRADEMARKS Although the overall prevalence of alcohol brand mentions in hip-hop experienced a brief dip in the early 1990s, several different brands took off in the years that followed. Despite its starring role in music video culture, the inclusion of alcohol brands in rap lyrics is on the decline. Are rappers cleaning up their act, or are other illicit substances stealing the spotlight?

14


15


ALCOHOL MENTIONS IN HIP-HOP Most commonly used slang words come from Alcohol brand names that we all know about. Some of them are used as original brand names and some of them are termed to promote their brands.

JA CK D ANIELS GREY GOOSE CO RO NA BA C ARDI CI RO C

16


4 DRUGS,

GANGS AND GUNS Throughout the past 15 years, substances mentioned in the lyrics of rap songs have ebbed and flowed in frequency – some more dramatically than others. Marijuana, for example, shows inconsistency over the years. Marijuana was one of the less common drugs in the late 1980s, but it then skyrocketed in the early 1990s, and again more recently. The decriminalization and partial legalization of medical and recreational marijuana in the United States most likely played a part in the growing social acceptance of cannabis. MDMA is among the least mentioned drugs overall in rap music. However, in 2009 rappers clearly sparked an interest in the rise of “molly.” While users often understand that ecstasy contains additional substances besides MDMA, molly is often assumed to mean pure MDMA. The reality is quite different: Over a four year period ending in 2013, the DEA reported that of all of the molly seized in New York, only 13 percent of it actually contained any MDMA. Many users purchasing molly think they are getting pure MDMA. Only marijuana topped cocaine’s prevalence in rap music, before and after this time period.

17


buddha - marijuana butter -crack cocaine chewy - a cigar that has been emptied and refilled with marijuana and cocaine chronic - marijuana cookies - crack cocaine dank - marijuana dime (also “dimebag” or “dimesack”) ten dollar bag of illicit drugs dodo - marijuana doja - marijuana drank - codeine (Houston) dro- marijuana grown using a hydroponic set-up dub - a twenty dollar bag of marijuana. can also refer to twenty inch rims on a car. fire - marijuana or meaning a sex term torwards oral sex ganja- marijuana gizz - crack cocaine green - marijuana hard - crack cocaine hydro - marijuana grown using ahydroponicset-up indo - marijuana fromIndonesiaor marijuana that has been grown indoors BG -n.- Baby Gangsta: an adolescent gangster. imb - marijuana. a term popularized inFlorida. mota - marijuana nick (also “nickel”, “nickelbag”, “nickelsack”) - a five dollar bag of illicit drugs Reggie Miller - “regular killer” commercial weed, usually fromMexico. rocks - crack cocaine sherm - a marijuana cigarette that has been dipped inembalmingfluid shwag - marijuana soft -cocaine smack - heroin smoke - marijuana sticky icky - marijuana piff- cocaine powder - cocaine

18

primo - a joint laced withangel dustor crack cocaine purp - codeine (Houston) thizz - ecstasy. Other forms of the word include thizzin’, thizzed. Used primarily by Bay AreaM.C.’s wet - a marijuana cigarette that has been dipped inembalmingfluid (Texas slang) white - cocaine work - cocaine yayo - cocaine Maybelline - cocaine [Oklahoma] Powdering his face - snorting cocaine Glock handgun - nine, nina, Nina Ross .22 caliber gun - Deuce Deuce, ScoobyDoo (used byCypress Hill) 40-caliber gun - 4 pounda 44-caliber gun - 44, Fo’ Fo’ 45-caliber gun - Fo’Five Desert Eagle- Desert Eaze, Deagle AR-15- AR AK-47- AK MAC-10- Mac shotgun- pump, shotty, “The Dimpleator” INTRATEC-DC9 - Tec, Tec-9


YOU GET SLOPPY DRUNK, I STAY WHISKEY NEAT,

19


5 WHAT'S

YO LYRICS BRO?

RAPGOD EMINEM “Rap God” Eminem Rap God.png Single by Eminem from the album The Marshall Mathers LP 2 Released October 15, 2013 Format Digital download Recorded 2012, at Effigy Studios, Ferndale, Michigan AftermathShadyInterscope Songwriter(s) Mathers Bigram Zayas Matthew “Filthy” Delgiorno Hacker Douglas Davis Richard Walters Dania Birks Juana Burns Juanita Lee Fatima Shaheed Kim Nazel Producer(s) DVLP Filthy (co.) “Rap God” is a song by American rapper Eminem. The song premiered via YouTube, on October 14, 2013, and was released in the United States on October 15, 2013 as the third single from Eminem’s eighth studio album, The Marshall Mathers LP 2 (2013). It contains references to previous conflicts in Eminem’s career, as well as to other rappers’ conduct. The song received very positive reviews, with critics praising Eminem’s lyrical ability and rapping speed.

20


Look, I was gonna go easy on you and not to hurt your feelings But I’m only going to get this one chance Something’s wrong, I can feel it (Six minutes, Slim Shady, you’re on) Just a feeling I’ve got, like something’s about to happen, but I don’t know what If that means, what I think it means, we’re in trouble, big trouble, And if he is as bananas as you say, I’m not taking any chances You were just what the doctor ordered I’m beginning to feel like a Rap God, Rap God All my people from the front to the back nod, back nod Now who thinks their arms are long enough to slap box, slap box? They said I rap like a robot, so call me Rapbot But for me to rap like a computer must be in my genes I got a laptop in my back pocket My pen’ll go off when I half-cock it Ever since Bill Clinton was still in office With Monica Lewinsky feeling on his nutsack I’m an MC still as honest But as rude and indecent as all hell syllables, killaholic (Kill ‘em all with) This slickety, gibbedy, hibbedy hip hop You don’t really wanna get into a pissing match with this rappidy brat Packing a Mac in the back of the Ac, backpack rap crap, yep, yackidy-yac And at the exact same time I attempt these lyrical acrobat stunts while I’m practicing That I’ll still be able to break a motherfuckin’ table Over the back of a couple of faggots and crack it in half Only realized it was ironic I was signed to Aftermath after the fact How could I not blow? All I do is drop F-bombs, feel my wrath of attack Rappers are having a rough time period, here’s a Maxipad It’s actually disastrously bad For the wack while I’m masterfully constructing this masterpiece as I’m beginning to feel like a Rap God, Rap God All my people from the front to the back nod, back nod

Now who thinks their arms are long enough to slap box, slap box? Let me show you maintaining this shit ain’t that hard, that hard Now I lead a new school full of students Me? I’m a product of Rakim, Lakim Shabazz, 2Pac N-W.A, Cube, hey, Doc, Ren, Yella, Eazy, thank you, they got Slim Inspired enough to one day grow up, blow up and be in a position I know there was a time where once I Was king of the underground, but I still rap like I’m on my Pharoahe Monch grind So I crunch rhymes, but sometimes when you combine Appeal with the skin color of mine You get too big and here they come trying to Censor you like that one line I said on “I’m Back” from the Mathers LP One when I tried to say “I’ll take seven kids from Columbine Put ‘em all in a line, add an AK-47, a revolver and a nine” You’re pointless as Rapunzel with fucking cornrows You write normal, fuck being normal And I just bought a new Raygun from the future Just to come and shoot ya like when Fabolous made Ray J mad ‘Cause Fab said he looked like a fag at Maywhether’s pad Singin’ to a man while they played piano Man, oh man, that was a 24/7 special on the cable channel So Ray J went straight to the radio station the very next day “Hey, Fab, I’mma kill you” ‘Cause I know the way to get ‘em motivated I make elevating music, you make elevator music Oh, he’s too mainstream Well, that’s what they do when they get jealous, they confuse it It’s not hip hop, it’s pop, ‘cause I found a hella way to fuse it With rock, shock rap with Doc Throw on Lose Yourself and make ‘em lose it I don’t know how to make songs like that I don’t know what words to use Let me know when it occurs to you While I’m ripping any one of these verses diverse as you

21


It’s curtains, I’m inadvertently hurtin’ you How many verses I gotta murder to Prove that if you were half as nice, your songs you can sacrifice virgins too uh! School flunkie, pill junky But look at the accolades the skills brung me Full of myself, but still hungry I bully myself ‘cause I make me do what I put my mind to And I’m a million leagues above you, ill when I speak in tongues But it’s still tongue in cheek, fuck you I’m drunk so Satan take the fucking wheel, I’m asleep in the front seat Bumping Heavy D and the Boys, still chunky, but funky But in my head there’s something I can feel tugging and struggling Angels fight with devils and, here’s what they want from me They asking me to eliminate some of the women hate But if you take into consideration the bitter hatred I have Then you may be a little patient and more sympathetic to the situation And understand the discrimination But fuck it, life’s handing you lemons, make lemonade then But if I can’t batter the women how the fuck am I supposed to bake them a cake then? Don’t mistake it for Satan It’s a fatal mistake if you think I need to be overseas And take a vacation to trip a broad And make her fall on her face and don’t be a retard Be a king? Think not, why be a king when you can be a God?

22


6 SLANG

PHRASES?

23


Brain - Oral sex from a woman Buck - 1. To act uppety, to provoke (EX: You wanna get buck nigga?) 2. To steal (Yo, we was buckin’ gummy worms all day!) Bus a nut - Ejaculate bum rush - crashing into a show hoping to see it for free, to arrive in force, to ambush from behind bust a cap - shoot a bullet bust a move - to act first in an altercation, to perform a dance step. popularized byYoungM.C.’s hit single, “Bust A Move” (1989) bust out - leave or exit quickly. (EX: “He busted out of the club.” = “He left the club quickly.”) bust out - show or bring out something. cappin - lying, saying you were going to do something and not doing that thing. popularized by rapper Tampa. clap iron - to shoot a firearm coolin’ it - relaxing da bomb - the bomb. cool, appealing, or popular da shiznit - “the shit”. cool, appealing, etc. popularized bySnoop Dogg. dead presidents - money (U.S. currency has a picture of a former President of the UnitedStates) fo shizzle my nizzle - literally, “for sure my nigga”. popularized by Snoop Dogg. heavy metal - firearms keep it trill - keep it true and real (true + real = trill) kickin’ it - relaxing my bad - my mistake or I’m sorry off the chain - unbelievable, outrageous, wild, etc. off the hook - unbelievable, outrageous, wild, etc. oh fo sure - no problem, you’re welcome open up shop - sell drugs, establish a drug-selling spot peace out - good bye peep game - to take note of someone’s game, observe someone’s game in action, etc.

24

plexing - starting stuff or beefying (Houston slang) roll out - leave. specifically, to get in your vehicle and leave the scene. spit game (also “spittin’ game”) - to speak “game”. see the definition of “game” above. to the beat - acceptable, on top of things throwed - tight, the best, or great (Houston slang) what’s goin’ down? - what are we doing tonight? can refer to a fight. what tha dilly yo? (also “...dealio?”) - what is going on?. Originated from “What the deal, yo?” what up? - hello, how are you?, or what is going on? wiggity-wack - very disturbing. presently, the “wiggity” has been dropped and those in hip-hop now use just “wack”.) word up - you got that straight, that’s right, or how’s it going. many now simply use the word”word”.

DAMN MA HOMIES HOW GOOD WAS IT KEEPIN IT REAL?


Talking is hard. Circumstances can sometimes negatively dictate the sentences that come dribbling out of our mouths, and in a lifetime that will be made up of millions upon millions of words, human beings are guaranteed to have multiple instances of nonsensical nomenclature somewhere along the way. Maybe you’re giving a speech in front of a hundred people and your nerves overcome your ability to speak coherently. Maybe your brain momentarily malfunctions and you combine two words instead of picking one of them. You know what’s happening, but you can’t stop it. And you can’t prevent the looks of bewilderment that are staring back at you. For rappers, these experiences are doubly so. Their lives consist of speaking rhythmically, recording it and releasing it to the masses to be played over and over again. Much like a deleted tweet that’s screenshotted and preserved forever, what a rapper says on wax lives on in infamy. So if they happen to say something that doesn’t make a lick of sense, well, it’s preserved inside of Spotify and Apple Music indefinitely

25


A second key musical element in hip hop music is emceeing (also called MCing or rapping). Emceeing is the rhythmic spoken delivery of rhymes and wordplay, delivered at first without accompaniment and later done over a beat. This spoken style was influenced by the African American style of “capping”, a performance where men tried to outdo each other in originality of their language and tried to gain the favor of the listeners.[41] The basic elements of hip hop—boasting raps, rival “posses” (groups), uptown “throw-downs”, and political and social commentary—were all long present in African American music. MCing and rapping performers moved back and forth between the predominance of “toasting” songs packed with a mix of boasting, ‘slackness’ and sexual innuendo and a more topical, political, socially conscious style. The role of the MC originally was as a Master of Ceremonies for a DJ dance event. The MC would introduce the DJ and try to pump up the audience. The MC spoke between the DJ’s songs, urging everyone to get up and dance. MCs would also tell jokes and use their energetic language and enthusiasm to rev up the crowd. Eventually, this introducing role developed into longer sessions of spoken, rhythmic wordplay, and rhyming, which became rapping.

26


AFRI CA BA MB AA TT A

K OOL DJ AE RC

GR AND MAS TER FL AS A

SUG AR HILL GA NG

BEAS TIE BO

YS

MC N ANNER

WU-T AN G CL AN

GR AND WIZARD THEODOR E

B LONDI E

LIL COOL

V ANILL

A ICE

2P AC

J

RUN DM

P UBLIC ENEM Y

KRS ONE

BIGGIE SMALLS

KU RT IS BL OW

C

N. W. A

DR.DRE

NA SM

SN OOP DO

G

E DOOM

1 973-1 996 ME TA ODE MA N

BU ST A RHYMES

JA Y- Z

27


ONE DAY YOU'LL FALL IN LOVE WITH THIS REPORT LIKE YOUR EARS DID FOR HIP-HOP.

28


7CONCLUSION We’re not getting any younger, and the wild world of viral words is not one to be afraid of — it’s one to embrace. Thanks, social media for becoming a cesspool of useless plugs. Slangs are now used as millennial lingo while texting, talking and composing songs. Various quirky brands use these lingos as their brand strategy to appeal to the younger audience.

29


Bibliography

https://www.projectknow.com/discover/hiphop-drug-mentions/ https://www.scribd.com/doc/16522469/ List-of-Slang-Used-in-Hip-hop-Music

Compiled and edited by- Aaheli Bose

30


31


32


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.