HISTORY
FROM THE SHADOWS
DECONSTRUCTING THE LA HOMELESSNESS CRISIS ARCH 315 2018
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS Abigail White Adrianna Wilbert Austin Parker Chelsea Johnson Corey Evans Courteney Kemp Ja’Kyrin Connor Jakob Mier Janie Isaac Jenna Daneshfar John Gustavson Judy La Justin Franklin Kade Brandon Leslie Davis Logan Blandino Mehi Diallo Monica Buller Nathan Ackerman Nick Paventy Shelby Gifford Sommer Page Traci Reyes Trinity Smith Tyler Thomas Vésua Teixeira Wesley Cagle Zoe Collum Thomas Deal William Hartman
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00
ORIGINS
01 02 03
CURRENT CONDITIONS
SITE ANALYSIS PRECEDENTS
5
HISTORY
“We learn from history that we learn nothing from history.” George Bernard Shaw
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HISTORY
HISTORY Increases and decreases can be seen in the homeless population throughout history, but the main issue that has caused the homeless population to explode is the lack of housing. In addition to the unmet demand for homes, a vast majority remain unaffordable for many. The result is a disproportioate amount of people being forced to live on the street. Those who are single parents, mentally ill, physically disabled, vetrans, immigrants, and those previously incarcerated have had the most difficult time adapting to the high housing prices. The costs are unsustainable, leading to government action. Private organizations and other non-proffits have attempted to solve issues involivng unaffordable and unavailable housing.
7
THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
IS ESTABLISHED AND CONNECTS WITH THE REST OF THE COUNTRY 1861-65
HISTORY
Introduction This is a time line of past events that shaped Los Angeles, California and occurrences that may have increased or decreased the homeless population. From natural disasters, to economic crisis, all possible reasons for one to become homeless are charted, along with a graph in the background to show the steady population growth of the city of Los Angeles.
Civil War Begins Civil War ends and African Americans begin heading to Los Angeles in significant numbers.
California wide
Nation wide
Figure 0.1 California Flag 1846
1850 Population: History of Los Angeles’ first census shows a population of 141 1841 1840 8
la.curbed.com
Population: 1,610 1850
California Becomes a State Los Angeles is incorporated as a municipality, and California becomes the 30th state in the union
Population: 4,385 1860
1881
1880
Linking to the U.S. The Southern Pacific Railroad links Los Angeles directly with the eastern United States for the first time.
Adjusting to the Increase of Population Small hotels were developed to serve the population. See figure 0.2
1885
Figure 0.2 Pacific Hotel Los Angeles, CA 1880
1871
LA and San Francisco Connect First rail link established between Los Angeles and San Francisco.
1886
The First Railroad
Another Population Boom The price of a train ticket between Kansas City and Los Angeles falls to one dollar, prompting another population boom.
HISTORY
1869
A Second Line to the Rest of the Nation The Santa Fe Railroad opens a second line linking Los Angeles with the rest of the nation.
Southern California’s first railroad is constructed, connecting Downtown Los Angeles with San Pedro Bay, 21 miles away. 1876
Transcontinental Railroad Los Angeles is the end of the Transcontinental Railroad.
1888
1876
Population: 5,728 Adrianna Wilbert
1870
Vets Begin to “Ride Rails” The Arcade Station at Fourth and Alameda open. Displaced civil war vets began to “ride the rails”. Terms like “hobo”, “fly bum” and “dynamiter” arise
Farming Agricultural fields give way to more industrial uses, which attracts a primarily male population. Population: 11,183 1880
Population: 50,395 1890 9
PROGRESS AND HARDSHIP
HISTORY
BEGIN TO LEAVE CITIZENS UNEMPLOYED
Figure 0.3 Los Angeles 1900
Figure 0.4 Spring Street 1902
1900
Figure 0.6 Santa Monica Boulevard
1897
Immigration Early Japanese immigrants arrive in Los Angeles.
Oil Wells in Los Angeles Five hundred oil wells are operating within Los Angeles. California is the third-largest oil-producing state in America. Population: 319,198
Population: 102,479
Population: 50,395 1890 10
la.curbed.com
1900
1910
1929
The Great Depression 13 million people become unemployed after the Wall Street stock market crash of 1929. Proportionately, too much wealth was in profit and too little in wages. The income of many workers was so low that they couldn’t afford to buy the products they produced. Unemployment in the Golden State reached a staggering 28 percent in ears later one-fifth of all Californians were dependent upon public relief. Many farmers and workers came to LA and became alcoholics. They became the “hobos” and “bums” who “rode the rails.”
Figure 0.5 All Night and Day Bank Run, Los Angeles 1910 1917-18 U.S. Enters World War I Gave a boost to the early aircraft industry in the United States as at its peak, the industry employed some 200,000 workers. Within this upswing in aircraft manufacturing was the State of California. In Southern California alone 10,000 pilots were trained, and 17,000 aircraft built.
1915
1910
Life in California
Route 66 A 2,400-plus mile stretch of road connecting Los Angeles and Chicago is designated as U.S. Highway 66.
The Roaring Twenties
HISTORY
1920
1926
Eighty percent of the world’s films are shot in California. Plentiful job openings attracted heavy immigration, especially from the rural Midwest and Mexico.
There are 55,000 cars on the streets of Los Angeles.
1920
Hollywood becomes part of LA. Residents of the municipality of Hollywood vote to join the city of Los Angeles.
Transient Moves to Skid Row The transient community had fully moved further east, near the Arcade Depot and into the area of Skid Row.
Population: 1,238,048
Population: 576,673
1924
Adrianna Wilbert
1920 19
Population Los Angeles population tops one million.
1930 19 11
WORLD WAR II
LEAVES MANY WITH NO PLACE TO GO
Figure 0.7 People lined up for Christmas dinner in front of the Volunteers of America’s mission post on Skid Row
HISTORY
1930
“Skid Roads” “Skid Roads” referred to the rundown areas of cities, characterized by bars, brothels, and drunks attracted by loggers, and began to include the presence of homeless.
1930
1930-36
Dust Bowl Between 1930 and 1936 Thousands of Dust bowl refugees stream into California looking for a better life.
LAX Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) opens. Today it is the world’s busiest in point-to-point passenger traffic and the fifth busiest overall.
1938
Natural Disasters Los Angeles floods killed 144, left 6000 homes damaged/destroyed, and flooded over 108,000 acres (33% of LA). Population: 1,504,277
Population: 1,238,048
1938
Bureau of Housing The Los Angeles Bureau of Housing and Sanitation made a report to advocate for slum clearance and construction of affordable housing units. Many could not even afford the low cost housing.
Figure 0.8 1930 12
laalmanac.com
1935
1940
Figure 0.9 Japanese Interment Camp WWII
1940s
Impact of WWII LA became a stopping point for people looking for war jobs. To entertain this population, numerous bars, adult bookstores, and small theaters opened around skid row.
Population:1,970,358
HISTORY
1940s
Impact of WWII With an influx of new, lower-income residents, the displacement of Angelenos from Japanese internment camps, and the raising of Chavez Ravine, the need for city service was high and homelessness rose with it.
1941
World War II Pearl Harbor bombed; U.S. enters World War II, Shipbuilding becomes the primary business of the Port of Los Angeles, employing some 90,000 workers. One-third of U.S. warplanes are manufactured in Los Angeles.
Figure 0.10 V J Day Parade, Broadway at 4th Street Adrianna Wilbert
1945
1950 13
CENTRAL CITY HOMELESS BECOMES A LARGER ISSUE
1960
1953
Development of Freeways Completion of the “four level” interchange, the first of its kind, connecting the Hollywood, Pasadena and Harbor Freeways.
Code Conformance The Code Conformance orders allowed leeway for owners to either repair or demolish the structures (small hotels) a total loss of 50% of the housing stock contributed to the displacement of a significant number of extremely low-income substance dependent and or mentally unstable persons who had settled in central city.
HISTORY
Population: 2,479,015
Population: 1,970,358
Figure 0.11B Los Angeles 1960 1955
DisneyLand Walt Disney moves to Los Angeles’ ritzy Bel Air district and proclaims his new Disneyland Park in nearby Anaheim as the “Happiest Place on Earth.”
Figure 0.11A Los Angeles 1950 1950 14
laalmanac.com/population
1960
1971
San Fernado Earthquake An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.6, killed 64 people and damaged 12 miles of fault zone. Left 2,500 injured and more than $550 million in rubble damages.
Population: 2,950,010 Population: 2,816,061
100,000 Units Low-income households
1973
1965
Immigration Restrictions are lifted on immigration from East Asia. These are the early days of Koreatown, along Wilshire Boulevard.
HISTORY
Figure 0.12
National Housing Stock 4.5 million units were removed from the nations housing stock, half of which were occupied by low-income house holds. Over 1 million SRO units were lost, and the nation’s public housing program was all but abandoned. It was replaced by the ‘Section 8’ rent-subsidy program that increased the residential location choice of recipients but only modestly increased the stock of affordable housing. See figure 0.12 1976
1976
Adrianna Wilbert
1970
The Project Area Central City became part of the central business district redevelopment project area.
The Project Area The Project Area issued a report calling for the preservation of the remaining housing stock and the other steps to address the social, economic and medical problems of the downtown population.
1980 15
HOMELESS CONDITIONS
WORSEN WITHOUT GOVERNMENT ASSISSTANCE Population: 3,485,398
Population: 2,950,010
1982
Federal Programs Federal programs targeted towards the poor were reduced by $57 billion. US consumer price index declined 0.37%. 1983
HISTORY
1986
1983
1987
Earthquake Magnitude 2 earthquake left 30 injured from property damage. A total of $25 million in damages.
1984
Tax Reform President Reagan signs the tax reform bill into law.
Homeless Death Four homeless people died from freezing to death. The results of this lead the LA City Council to open City Hall to serve as a temporary housing.
Living below the poverty line, but at least one person works Living below the poverty line
Tent City About 250 men and women huddle together for the holiday, dreading the thought of being evicted the day after Christmas. The homeless community takes claim to downtown park.
Federal Programs Over 15% of Americans were living below the poverty line, even though half of them lived in households where at least one person worked. See Figure 0.13
Figure 0.13
1989 1984
1980 16
discoverlosangeles.com/blog
Homeless Movement Forms A homeless camp known as Justiceville formed in a kid’s playground. 60 people stayed there. Ted Hayes used plywood, cardboard, tattered blankets, old tires, and discarded drapes to construct this camp. 1985
Help for the Homeless Community activists and business leaders of LA downtown community responded to the alarming disappearance of affordable, permanent housing by coming together to create Skid Row Housing Trust.
1990
Population: 3,694,820
1990
Metro Blue Line Connects Downtown to Long Beach When the Metro Blue Line connects Downtown to Long Beach, light-rail for commuters returns to the Los Angeles area. It will be joined by four other subway/rail lines and busways.
1995-96
The Govenment Shuts Down A budget crisis forces the federal government to shut down for several weeks because of conflicts between Democratic President Bill Clinton and the Republican Congress, over funding for Medicare, education, the environment, and public health in the 1996 federal budget. See Figure 0.14
1991
1990
HISTORY
1990s House v Health 30% of people in LA lacked insurance. It was either pay for healthcare or pay for a house. Most found themselves homeless.
A Change in Homeless Population The homeless was divided into three groups. -”Have-Nots”: Upper third, without jobs, without homes, but without other problems. Can be helped quickly. -”Cannots”: Disabled by drugs and alcohol. Can respond from benefit from help. -”Will Nots”: Bottom third Will not work or seek shelter. They say some cannot be helped.
Jobs Disappearing Almost 20,000 Defense-Related jobs disappeared in Southern California.
Figure 0.14 Adrianna Wilbert
1995
2000 17
HOMELESS DISTRIBUTION IS CONCENTRATED IN LOS ANGELES
NEW YORK
HISTORY
CALIFORNIA
FLORDIA
The United States California claims the largest homeless population in the nation at 134,278 homeless people living in the state. New York lags in second place at just under 90,000.
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ritsumei.ac.jp
5,091
or approximately 9% of the homeless population in LA County is under 18
37,676 12,421
or approximately 68% of the homeless population in LA County is between the ages of 24 and 54.
or approximately 23% of the homeless population in LA is 55 or older.
25,237
or approximately 73% of the homeless population in LA County is sheltered.
8,952 Los Angeles The largest amount of homeless people residing in California can be found in Los Angeles County. Nearly 58,000 homeless will sleep on the streets on any given night. This graph represents the homeless populations across the state. The circles are proportional to these populations.
Santa Clara
Los Angeles
34,189
HISTORY
or approximately 27% of the homeless population in LA County is unsheltered.
total sheltered and unsheltered homeless in LA County in 2017.
LOS ANGELES
San Diego
Justin Franklin
usich.gov/tools-for-action/map
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CERTAIN DEMOGRAPHICS ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY HOMELESS
HISTORY
Family and the Youth Most families would benefit from assistance to help them rapidly reconnect to permanent housing. Rapid re-housing provides help with housing search, financial assistance, and case management services to help families quickly transition out of shelter and back into housing of their own.
Mentally Ill
Mental illness was the third largest cause of homelessness for single adults. For homeless families, mental illness was mentioned by 12% of cities as one of the top 3 causes of homelessness.
Physically Disabled
Persistent physical and mental health problems commonly result in poverty and homelessness, and are only aggravated by life on the streets.
20
ritsumei.ac.jp
34%
of the total U.S. homeless population are families
20-25%
of the homeless population in the United States suffers from some form of severe mental illness.
40%
of the homelessness population suffer from a disability versus the 16% of the geneal, non-institutionalized U.S. population.
Veterns
1.4 MILLION
veterans are at risk of homelessness
In addition to the complex set of factors influencing all homelessness – extreme shortage of affordable housing, livable income and access to health care – a large number of displaced and at-risk veterans live with lingering effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse, which are compounded by a lack of family and social support networks. Additionally, military occupations and training are not always transferable to the civilian workforce, placing some veterans at a disadvantage when competing for employment.
of prison inmates with severe mental illness were homeless prior to being arrested and 40% were homeless at one point in their lives, compared to 6% of undiagnosed inmates.
22.2%
of immigrants and their children live in poverty, compared to 13.2% of native-born residents and their children.
Judy La
Formally Incarcerated
Previous research has shown that formerly incarcerated people are most likely to be homeless in the period shortly after their release.
HISTORY
17.3%
Immigrants
Immigrant families are disproportionately likely to experience poverty, which is a predictor of homelessness; as such, they may be more likely than non-immigrant families to experience homelessness. But their lack of US citizenship disqualifies immigrants from many programs including the McKinney Vento Act.
usich.gov/tools-for-action/map
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YOUTH AND FAMILIES ARE INCREASINGLY NEGLECTED Why is the Youth Homeless? Most of the young homeless population is 18 to 24. Many were released from foster care or group homes, or were set loose by their families. Youth shelters have waiting lists and affordable housing is tough to find, even with rent vouchers. Emergency housing is instantly available on skid row, but they will have to live with older people and they may feel like they’re in the jail or prison they’ve already been in. They distrust authority and have no appetite for giving up the freedom of the streets for another regimented living situation. Many come from homes where their parents abused drugs or alcohol.
1,273
homeless youth in the city of Los Angeles.
1,573
HISTORY
of the 2,210 homeless youth are between the age of 18 and 24. 58 are unaccompanied minors and 58 are youth in familes
80%
of homeless youth use drugs or alcohol as a means to self medicate to deal with the traumatic experiences and abuse they face
8,529
people in families experience homelessness on a given night.
579
members of homeless families in the City of Los Angeles.
22
latimes.com/local/lanow
243
total homeless families in the city of Los Angeles with about 2.4 members per household.
HISTORY
29%
increase from 2016 in homeless families.
Homeless Family Households Homelessness was reported as due primarily to economic pressures of housing costs, but personal and family problems frequently played a contributing role, especially for single parent families. Burdens of increasing housing costs and family dysfunction among housed poor families, place many at risk for homelessness. Families make up over one-third of the homeless nationwide, and in many large cities families represent the majority of the homeless population. Los Angeles has approximately 35,000 to 50,000 homeless persons, about one-third of which are members of homeless families.
LGBTQ+ About 35 percent of homeless youth are LGBTQ, some live in tent encampments in Hollywood.
Adrianna Wilbert Judy La
ajph.aphapublications.org
23
MENTALLY ILL 400,000
ARE FORCED ONTO THE STREETS IN THE 1970’S
0
30
00
00
0,
, 00
0
5
Population of Mental Institutions HISTORY
Number of People
200,000
00
0
, 00
1
0 24
skillshares.interactivist.net/housing pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows
Year 1950
Inpatients 520,000
1955
559,000
1960 1965
525,000 520,000
1970
420,000
1975
210,000
1980
140,000
1985
130,000
1990
95,000
1995
75,000
Mental Illness Definition Mental illness pertains to a range of mental conditions, whether it affects behavior, mood, or thinking. Most of these illnesses are disorders, which includes but is not limited to, depression, schitzophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. With respect to homelessness, mental illness is a crisis within itself. Deinstitutionalization In 1955, deinstitutionalization began to take place. It was the policy of moving severe mentally ill patients out of large state institutions. Then, many of the institutions were shut down or demolished. Deinstitutionalization began after the introduction of a drug called chlorpromazine. The drug, commonly known as Thorazine, was the first effective antipsychotic medication. This caused the release of many patients and the lack of help for future patients. The government
wanted to shift away from mental hospitals towards a community-oriented policy. Between 1955 and 1984, the census of residents in public mental hospitals quartered. there were more than 559,00 residents in mental hospitals, which declined to less than 130,000 reisdents by 1984.
Implementation Most of the chronically mentally ill had homes at the mental hospitals. Now that many were discharged and there weren’t enough psychiatric beds, many were returned to their families, and some were either homeless or criminilized. The early optimism was not followed up by providing the needs for the mentally ill community, which caused further problems.
75% of mental institution inptatients were discharged.
559,000 130,000 Inpatients in 1984
Misconceptions and Unrealistic Expectations The expectation was that once mentally ill patients were released, the community and their families would help with rehabilitation. Many patients were single, divorced, or widowed, so there was no stability to go back to.
Lack of Income A stable source of financial support was very important for development in the community, but the importance of developing such fundamental resources was not clearly seen, or at least not implemented.
Dependence on Institutions Many of the services needed to meet basic living requirments were provided at institutions, under one roof and one administration. They were fed, sheltered, and medicated. Once the goverment opted for community-based care and support, that meant that resources were under various administrations and in various locations, making it hard for people to receive these resources.
HISTORY
Inpatients in 1955
Where Will They Go? The lack of financial support and lack of supportive living arrangements made it difficult for those discharged from mental institutions, and future mentally ill, to find and retain housing and a stable income. Some people suffering from mental illness had strong dependency needs. They could cope to a limited extent with daily life demands, but could not live independently.
Ja’Kyrin Connor
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
25
PHYSICAL DISABILITIES CAN LEAD TO HOMELESSNESS
HISTORY
Need of Accessability According to the Disability Scoop, greater than forty-percent of the population of people who are homeless in America are persons with disabilities. Disability, in particular mental health disabilities, can make it difficult to work enough to afford adequate housing. Adults with disabilities living in poverty comprise 30.7% relative to the population in America that experiences poverty as a whole.The disability they experience is making it more difficult to accommodate them without adaptive supports. The resources people with disabilities need in order to survive, are simply not present in the amount they need to be where housing is concerned.
Workplace Injuries Accidental injury, especially job injury, can be a legitimate antecedant of homelessness. Although such programs as Workers’ Compensation were designed to prevent economic devastation as a result of workplace casualties, they often fall far short of what is optimal for many reasons; including lack of knowledge of the program by the employee, low levels of benefits under the program, and lack of benefits for “off the books” work. Additionally, in California, a receiving employee is only entitled to two-thirds of their gross earnings from time lost due to workplace injury.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Another example of illness leading to homelessness is AIDS. As the disease progresses and leads to repeated and more serious bouts with opportunistic infections, the individual becomes unable to work and may be unable to afford to continue paying for housing.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Degenerative Diseases Various common illnesses such as the degenerative diseases that accompany old age can lead to homelessness. Examples include eye cataracts and arthritis. In each of these cases, the symptoms can result in a loss of employment, and an inability to pay for treatments. Without secure employment and a network of family and friends, someone suffering from degenerative diseases may find themselves living on the streets. The fact that health problems precipitated homelessness underscores the relationships among health status, employment, social supports, and access to affordable housing.
Infections and Infestations Other health problems that may result from or that are commonly associated with homelessness include parasitic infestations, dental and periodontal disease, degenerative joint diseases, venereal diseases, hepatic cirrhosis secondary to alcoholism, and infectious hepatitis related to intravenous (IV) drug abuse.
HISTORY
Fatal Worsening of Treatable Illness Homelessness can also turn a relatively minor health problem into a serious illness. Diabetes, for example, usually is not difficult to treat in a domiciled person. For most people, daily insulin injections and control of diet are adequate. In a homeless person, however, treatment is virtually impossible: Some types of insulin need to be refrigerated; syringes may be stolen (in cities where IV drug abuse is common, syringes have a high street value) or, sometimes, the homeless diabetic may be mistaken for an IV drug abuser; and diet cannot be controlled because soup kitchens serve whatever they can get, which rules out special therapeutic diets.
Trauma Homeless persons are at high risk for traumatic injuries because they are often victims of violent crimes such as rape, assault, and attempted robbery. In a review of trauma among homeless persons in San Francisco, one investigator found a variety “of severe injuries, including stab wounds, head trauma, blunt trauma, multisystem trauma, gun shots, suicide attempts, burns, complex facial fractures, hip fractures, pneumothoraces, and lacerations of the neck, chest, liver, large and small bowel, and tendons of the hands.� Increased victimization and assault is particularly prevelant among the homeless mentally ill subgroup.
Justin Franklin
pdfs.semanticscholar.org
27
HOMELESS VETERANS HAVE ACCESS TO SPECIAL RESOURCES 1865
HISTORY
1932
California wide
Nation wide
The Deed of 1888 In 1865 Abraham Lincoln gave a speech about the moral responsibility to care for America’s Veterans. Mosly forgotten after his death, twenty years later, 400 acres of land in western Los Angeles were given to the National Home for disabled Volunteer Soldiers. For over a century, the Deed of 1888 was honored. However, the land has been sold to rich communities, Hollywood entertainment companies, the public, UCLA, and to car rental companies. Bonus Army The Bonus Army was an encampment of 15,000 World War I veterans that protested when they did not receive benefits.
1944
G.I. Bill of Rights G.I. Bill of Rights helped make sure World War II vets received benefits.
1960’s American Civil Liberties Union The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) said permanent housing for veterans was closing down. The 400 acres donated to veterans has been abused and sold to other parties. 1970’s Return from Vietnam After the Vietnam War, Vietnam veterans and heavy drug users settled in LA. In addition, legislation was passed to deinstitutionalize hospitals serving individuals with severe mental illness. With nowhere to go, many ended up in Skid Row.
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veteranstodayarchives.com/2009 nvf.org voala.org
1993
U.S. VETS in Los Angeles U.S. VETS in Los Angeles started out with five clients. Now they have over 600 beds. They provide a workforce program that helps over 100 veterans return to employment each year.
1990’s Veterans Affairs Medical Center The Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Los Angeles discovered that 25% of veterans had no place to go when released. 1985
Lifeline for Vets Lifeline for Vets was established to help returning veterans that include VA benefits, mental health counseling, housing, medical services, educational benefits, financial issues, and more. 2015
2016
High numbers in decline 9,612 veterans in California had experienced homelessness. They represented 24% of the national homeless veteran population. Homeless veterans had declined most dramatically in California, the number fell by 1,699 people since 2015.
2018
Morgan Isaac
HISTORY
Honoring the Deed of 1888 2009 Barack Obama called for remaking America with a “new era of responsibility.” This is the same promise President Lincoln made. Obama also stated, “During my Administration, we are Honoring the Deed of 1888.”
Los Angeles Homeless Veterans Leasing Act Los Angeles Homeless Veterans Leasing Act of 2015 authorized the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to carry out certain leases at the Los Angeles Campus. These leases include services that primarily benefit veterans and their families.
Present conditions As of today, there are 32,000 homeless people in Los Angeles and out of that almost 4,000 are veterans.
skidrow.org/about/history stran.senate.ca.gov/sites nytimes.com/1987
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HOMELESS OVER-POLICING RESULTED FROM CHANGES IN MENTAL FACILITIES, HOUSING, & CRIME 1950’S
Abolishment of California mental facilities Beginning in the late 1950’s California began to embark on a path of decreasing state funding for state health institutions. “California became the national leader in aggressively moving patients from state hospitals to nursing homes and board-and-care homes”
1960’S
HISTORY
1967
Abolishment of involuntary hospitalization In 1967, California passed the Lanterman-Petris-Short (LPS) Act, which made it very difficult to get mentally ill patients back into a hospital if they relapsed and needed additional care.
Complaints of “psychiatric ghettos.”
1970’S By the early 1970s, California had moved most mentally ill patients out of its state hospitals. Many of the board-and-care homes were poorly run and had substandard living conditions. In addition, community residents were complaining that their towns were becoming “psychiatric ghettos.” To combat the influx of patients wandering city streets, law enforcement began to increasingly arrest and harrass this population.
1980’S
“Tough-On-Crime” tactics Street-people, pan handlers, and the deteriorated conditions that surrounded them began to inspire concern. The mentally ill, homeless, black and latino youth, and drug addicts became “social ills” during the 1980s that tough-on-crime rhetoric and policies attempted to eradicate. “The new strategy proposed an intensive effort to address the “criminal homeless” by adopting “anti-camping and anti-public urination/defecation ordinances” and “disbursement of Social Services providers from within Central Area.”
30
digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi
1990’S
Quality-of-life laws The term “quality-of-life” policing was first used in the early 90s. It refers to the practice of heavily policing a number of normally noncriminal activities such as standing, congregating, sleeping, eating, and/or drinking in public spaces, as well as minor offenses such as graffiti, public urination, panhandling, littering, and unlicensed street vending.
2000’S
Criminal Homeless The problems of Skid Row shifted from efforts to address criminal activity, or even the causes and criminal activity that result from homelessness, and instead shifted any action of the homeless population as proof of the lawlessness of this population. HISTORY
“In the fall of 2003, several meetings took place to develop a new policing strategy for the downtown area. The LAPD, and the local business community decided to remove the available support services for the homeless community, and most that remained were operated through programs dictated by the LAPD”
2006
2006
LAPD’s Safer City Initiative The LAPD’s Safer Cities Initiative (SCI) officially launched on Skid Row in the summer of 2006. Since then, there have been more than 6,000 arrests in Skid Row, an area with a population of 10,000 to 15,000 people. Many of these arrests targeted drug addicts and the mentally ill and resulted in a stay in jail followed by release back to the streets.
2010
Justin Franklin
Results In Skid Row Even for those with no drug problems and little chance of being sent to State Prison, the Safer Cities Initiative made Skid Row a very risky place for a homeless person to be. In the face of this, many people have relocated to other neighborhoods, farther away from social services. Many of the city’s probationary programs and drug rehab clinics are placed within Skid Row.
31
IMMIGRATION TO THE US
BROUGHT PEOPLE FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD
HISTORY
Act of 1965 The United States has always been a land of immigration. The Act of 1965 changed the demographics of the United States. Unexpectedly, instead of seeing an increase in European migration, the majority of the immigrants now come from Asia and Latin America. In fact the Act of 1965 was voted to end discrimination in the US. In the past only immigrants from North and West Europe were accepted in the US. After the act of 1965, people could come from all over the world.
Difference of ethnicity Now more than ever, the United States is a mixture of ethnicities, languages, cultures and religions. The reasons for moving to the US today are similar to what they have always been. Rejoining loved ones, higher wages, economic opportunities, and factors in peoples’ home countries (overpopulation, oppression, unemployment) The United States has been the top destination for international migrants since at least 1960, with one-fifth of the world’s migrants living there as of 2017. Despite its long history of immigration, the United States has oscillated between perceiving immigration as a valuable resource and as a major challenge.
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cato.org/publications
Immigrants on the street The United States still has a popular appeal that is not ready to fade. For these reasons, we can find many different ethnicities affected by the homelessness issue in the United States, more specifically in Los Angeles, Californa. Homelessness has reached crisis levels in the region. The bad news is that it’s an overwhelming and complicated situation with no clear path to resolution.
They need help To ameliorate the situation, a study urged that more jobs be created for the homeless; that public assistance be increased so that recipients could better afford a roof over their heads; that more supportive housing be built; and that more municipalities provide services for the homeless.
HISTORY
Economic issue Many people think of homelessness as a problem of substance abusers and mentally ill people, of chronic skid row street-dwellers pushing shopping carts. But increasingly, the crisis in Los Angeles today is about a less visible (but more numerous) group of “economically homeless� people. These are people who have been driven onto the streets or into shelters by hard times, bad luck and California’s failure to address its own housing needs.
Immigrant Ethnicity for 2002
47% Black
Mehi Diallo
32% Latino
14% White
3% Asian
2% Other
arjunv12.wordpress.com
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GOVERNMENT ACTION
TRIGGERED BY RISING HOMELESS POPULATION Government Attitude Towards Homelessness Assistance The general stance towards homelessess in Los Angeles has shifted from positive to negative and back again, multiple times over the past century. There have been several multi-year programs established, though most have failed, or been abandoned completely.
HISTORY
1930s
1960s
Private Housing There is a shift in who builds affordable housing, government to more private sector. At the same time, federal housing regulators move to stop urban renewal from creating ghettos.
2000s
34
ahuri.edu.au
Hoovervilles Mark the Start The Great Depression left more than 1 million people homeless, resulting in communities called Hoovervilles; shantytowns of unemployed people who were evicted from their homes. This prompted the federal government to begin housing developments. And led to the development of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) who handles mortgage insurance.
The 10-year Plan More than 300 U.S. cities create 10-year plans to end chronic homelessness, but the recession disrupts the work and creates a new type of homeless population.
1940s
Aftermath of WWII World War II results in a building boom and more direct federal involvement to help house returning veterans.
1970s
Sector 8 Housing The move away from government-created public housing continues with the creation of the Section 8 program. The Section 8 program allows private landlords to rent apartments and homes at fair market rates to qualified low income tenants, with a rental subsidy.
2010s
Tackling Homelessness Homelessness is on the national agenda, with cities declaring homelessness a state of emergency. It is now a being tackled by public and private sectors. Large populations have cultivated in large cities such as New York, DC, and Los Angeles.
1980s
Budget Cuts President Ronald Reagan cuts public housing money and continues the push for private control over affordable housing.
1950s
Urban Reform Cities and states begin to use urban renewal powers to clear slums, build highways and eliminate “blight.” One result is more economic segregation. This sets a foundation for future homeless populations that are marginalized in other social areas.
Types of Anti-homelessness Legislation Some laws passed have negative impacts on homelessness, while others provide services to aid the homeless.
1990s Welfare to Warfare
Under President Clinton, the federal government makes its last big push on public housing and shifts the public-assistance model from welfare to “workfare.”
Future
Judy La
The Next Step Examining these trends, there is positive effort toward prioritizing investment in affordable housing, so populations at risk of homelessness never have to face the reality of falling into homelessness.
HISTORY
#1
Criminalization The National Coalition for the Homeless reports that there is a growing trend in the United States towards criminalizing the state of being homeless. Proponents of this approach believe that punitive measures will deter people from choosing to be homeless. Violators of such laws typically incur criminal penalties, which result in fines and/or incarceration. - Begging/Panhandling - Occupying public spaces - Loitering, loafing, vagrancy laws - Living in vehicles - Food sharing
#2
Housing or Supportive Assistance The other side of anti-homelessness laws include measures that attempt to help and re-house the homless. Laws supporting homeless people generally place obligations on the state to support or house homeless people. The first, and primary, anti-homelessness act passed in the United States is entitled the McKinney– Vento Homeless Assistance Act. This act was originally passed in 1987, and has subsequently been amended four times.
oregonlive.com/portland
35
FEDERAL GOVERMENT
TAKES ACTION TO REDUCE HOMELESSNESS Timeline The federal government has been involved in the effort to help poor Americans stay off the streets for almost a century. But shifts in philosophy and approach -- from direct intervention through the construction of public housing projects to rental assistance and grants to local governments -- have coincided with shifts in the nation’s homeless population.
1949 Housing Act of 1949: This part of President Harry Truman’s “Fair Deal” authorized federal spending to create 810,000 units of public housing.
2011 California:125,128 United States:623,788
2012 California:120,098 United States:621,553
1974
193 7
2010 California:123,678 United States:637,077
5 196
riverdell.org
1949
0
36
2009 California:123,480 United States:630,227
1973 President Nixon declared a moratorium on public housing in favor of a market-based approach. He lifted the ban 18 months later.
3
2008 California:136,531 United States:63,784
4 19
1934
2007 California:13,8986 United States:647,258
1965 Housing Act of 1965: Created the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, rent subsidies and federal mortgage insurance for nonprofits that built affordable housing.
19 7
1940 Congress approved 20 public housing complexes near private companies manufacturing military supplies.
1983 Congress and the Federal Emergency Management Agency create the Emergency Food and Shelter Program, which pays local providers to give low-income Americans emergency food, shelter and economic help, such as paying utility bills.
1983
1937 Housing Act of 1937: Provided grants to help local governments build affordable housing. Limited the amount of new housing built requiring that for each unit created, an older, substandard unit must be razed.
HISTORY
1934 In 1934 the FHA was created giving federal officials the power to make low-interest, loans to local governments for housing construction.
1974 Housing and Community Development Act of 1974: Created the Section 8 voucher program, essentially rent assistance for poor Americans, and the Community Development Block Grants, lump sums of money given on a per capita basis to local governments for housing and community development.
National Homlessness Population vs California Homelessness Population This timeline shows national homeless population and California’s homeless population from 20072017. In the data, there is a slight decrease in the overall national population, though in comparison to Californias population, there is a slight increase. California now makes up approximately 25% of the national homelessness population.
2015 California:115,738 United States:564,708
2017 California:134,278 United States:553,742
2008
2009
6
2016 California:118,142 United States:549,928
2000
1986
2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009: Another recession response, this contained $1.5 billion for homeless prevention and rapid re-housing. Most of that went to rent assistance and other indirect means of support, not construction of new units.
2008 Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008: A response to the recession, this act created the National Housing Trust Fund with a goal of building 1.5 million affordable housing units in a decade.
2002
1987
Judy La
2014 California:113,952 United States:576,450
1990
2013 California:118,552 United States:590,364
1996 President Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. This made it harder for poor Americans to receive government assistance if they could not prove they were looking for work.
199
The Reagan administration’s continued the federal government’s efforts to get out of the housing business and emphasize home ownership over rentals by creating new incentives for private development.
1990 Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act of 1990: Reiterated government’s commitment to house all Americans, but did not include money to do so.
2002 President George Bush re-established the U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness, first created in the 1980s. The council was an effort to centralize anti-homelessness efforts.
2000 Encouraged by successes in Columbus, Ohio, the National Alliance to End Homelessness began championing 10-year plans.
HISTORY
1986
1992 Congress created what would become the Hope VI program, the last major federal public housing program. Hope VI grants could be used to raze old housing projects in favor of newer, less dense communities of public housing.
1992
1987 Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987 was the first major legislation focused solely on homelessness by offering states grants to provide emergency shelter, transitional housing, job training, health care and educational support, among other services.
hudexchange.info
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LOS ANGELES GOVERNMENT STRUGGLES TO PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING Decreased Funding Unfortunately, few of the charges made against the authorities arguments are true, and the ones that are true are largely irrelevant. Authorizations of federal housing funds decreased during the 1980s, but in constant dollars, outlays increased by more than 65 percent. Nor has there been a reduction in the construction of public housing. Even though Congress authorized far less during the Reagan administration, a large number of previously authorized units have been brought on line.
HISTORY
Housing Shortage The housing problem, particularly the shortage of housing for the poor, emerged as one of the major domestic issues of the 1980s, and threatens to continue well into the next decade. The signs are everywhere. Homelessness has been a major concern for nearly 10 years. Rents have been absorbing ever-increasing portions of poor people’s incomes. In some cities, the rental vacancy rate has reached a dangerously low 3 percent or less.
Government Commitment Added to that atmosphere has been the drama of scandal. The allegation that former Republican officials were able to obtain large kickbacks by helping to steer federal housing funds to favored developers has fueled the suspicion that the whole problem starts at the top. People want housing, but the government won’t give it to them. Corruption and venality are to blame. The authorities decided to fix the public housing problem but the federal government has abandoned its 50-year commitment to build public housing. In 1979 Congress authorized nearly 55,000 new units of public housing. In 1984 the number of units authorized was zero, and it has averaged less than 7,400 since then. This drastic reduction in public housing construction during the Reagan years has caused homelessness to increase.
38
digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi
Public Housing Authorizations
Public Housing Construction
Number of Public Houses Authorized
Number of Public Houses Constructed
# of Houses 5,000 7,000 8,000 11,000 22,000 18,000 17,000 15,000 13,000 11,000 10,000
Year 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
# of Houses 5,000 7,000 8,000 11,000 22,000 18,000 17,000 15,000 13,000 11,000 10,000
HISTORY
Year 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Graphic Data Statistics shows Southern California’s homeless problem has gotten worse in recent year, which pushed homelessness to the top of Los Angeles’s civic agenda.The city has struggled with homelessnes for decades. 1980: Homelessness becomes a crisis in LA, but struggles to act. 1982: People living under the freeway their situation is complicated 1984: Tent city highlights growing problem. 1985: A homeless movement forms 1987: An unprecedented symbolic move. 1987: An urban campground rises. Mehi Diallo
ced.berkeley.edu/downloads
39
CALIFORNIA
DEVELOPS AN APPROACH TOWARDS HOMELESSNESS
HISTORY
Albany and Berkley The city of Albany pays about two dozen homeless people who have been living at the Albany Bulb landfill to leave town. They each receive $3,000.
San Francisco Proposition Q prohibits the placement of tents on public sidewalks without a City permit and allow the City to remove unauthorized tents if the City provides 24-hour advance notice, offers shelter for all tent residents and stores the residents’ personal property for up to 90 days San Deigo In 1989, a public defender from San Diego created the nation’s first Homeless Court Program, which is a special monthly Superior Court session held at local shelters for homeless defendants to resolve outstanding misdemeanor criminal cases.
40
spur.org/voter-guide
Los Angeles Policies on Homelessness The city of Los Angeles has employed several polices towards both the benefit and detriment of the homeless population. Measure H, Prop HHH, ordinance 185489, and Assembly Bill 210 provide supportive housing services, while ordinanc LAMC 85.02 prohibits living in vehicles in certain areas.
#1 80%
of homeless youth use drugs or alcohol as a means to self medicate to deal with the traumatic experiences and abuse they face
Measure H Measure H will generate approximately $355 million annually for services and programs to prevent and combat homelessness in the County.
people in families experience homelessness on a given night.
579
members of families in the City of Los Angeles.
Judy La
#4
Ordinance No. 185489 One of the proposed laws would allow homeless housing projects to avoid a lengthy process that includes environmental review and can trigger a public hearing, as long as they meet a list of city requirements. It would also allow such housing to be built taller or denser than otherwise allowed and cut back on parking requirements.
Proposition HHH The Proposition HHH Permanent Supportive Housing Loan Program is designed to develop permant supportive housing for homeless individuals and those at risk of homelessness throughout the City. The $0.348 per square foot property tax which will fund the $1.2 billion measure. The emphasis is on reducing homelessness by creating safe and affordable housing units, and increasing accessibility to a variety of necessary services and treatment programs.
#3 Assembly Bill 210 Assembly Bill 210, written by Assemblyman Miguel Santiago of Los Angeles, would allow county agencies to share some information about homeless clients with each other. It would also allow workers in various agencies to collaborate to get a person housed.
HISTORY
8,529
#2
#5
Parking ordinances: LAMC 85.02, 2017 The provisions of the new LAMC Section 85.02 became effective in early 2017and will expire mid2018. Living in a vehicle (vehicle dwelling) is prohibited at all times within one block (500 feet) of licensed schools, pre-schools, daycare facilities, or parks.
planning.lacity.org/ordinances
41
NATIONAL HUD GRANTS INCREASE OVER TIME
BI
Approved funding
5 1.
Yearly funding for HUD grants
IO
LL N
Federal Spending on Homeless Assistance Grants Homelessness affects more than half a million Americans on any given night. HUD’s McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Grants program is at the core of Federal efforts to end this crisis.
HISTORY
Each year, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) awards Homeless Assistance Grants to communities that administer housing and services at the local level. Specifically, the Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG) formula grant program and the competitive Continuum of Care (CoC) program fund the cornerstones of each community’s homeless system. The ESG grant funds street outreach, homelessness prevention and diversion, emergency shelter, and rapid re-housing.
2.5 BILLION 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Services The CoC program funds permanent supportive housing, rapid re-housing, transitional housing, coordinated entry, and demonstrations like the Youth Homelessness Demonstration Program. - Street Outreach - Prevention and Diversion - Emergency shelter - Permanent supportive housing - Rapid re-housing 42
fas.org/sgp hud.gov/program_offices
0
1.229 BILLION 1.326 BILLION 1.434 BILLION 1.541 BILLION 1.677 BILLION 1.865 BILLION 1.901 BILLION 1.901 BILLION 1.933 BILLION 2.105 BILLION 2.135 BILLION 2.250 BILLION 2.383 BILLION 2.513 BILLION 2.383 BILLION
Proposed Budget Usage This is a breakdown of the 2018 to 2019 budget as proposed by Mayor Eric Garcetti.
Los Angeles Funding for the Homeless In his fiscal 2018-19 budget, Mayor Eric Garcetti more than doubled the amount, $430 million, dedicated to easing the city’s homeless problem. Only about 20% of the proposed spending, however, would come from general fund money marked for direct services to homeless people.
80 MIL from the general fund
276 MIL
borrowed funds, approved by proposition HHH
31 MIL
transferred to Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority
HISTORY
29 MIL
distributed to 14 city departments
20 MIL
to the mayor’s shelter program
Affordable Housing and Homelessness Housing That $80 million, also twice the amount available in the current budget, would go to programs run by the mayor’s office, city departments and the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority. The joint city-county agency funds shelters and outreach programs, conducts the annual homeless count and maintains homeless data systems. Judy La
239 MIL for homeless housing in Los Angeles
37 MIL
for facilites in LA county
latimes.com/local/lanow/ kpbs.org/news citylab.com/equity
43
HOUSING COSTS
ARE GREATER IN CALIFORNIA AND RISING
HISTORY
Relationship Between Home Value and Gross Rent Home value and gross rent have been increasing over the years. These values have stayed consistently higher in California than the medians of the entirety of the United States. Along with the median income not rising with these values, those who move to California may not be prepared for the sudden increase in home value and gross rent as these continuously increase at a greater rate than that of the United States. This can leave many with nowhere else to go than the street and with no choice oither than to become homeless. This contributes to the economic crisis in California and Los Angeles and therefore contributes to the homelessness crisis.
$250000
HOME VALUE VS INCOME
$200000 $150000 $100000 $50000 0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Median Home Value California Median Home Value United States Median Income California 44
fred.stlouisfed.org/series
Home Value vs Income The home value median in California has stayed at consistently higher value than that of the United States median home value. Over the years, however, the California median home value between 1970 and 1990 increased at an incredible rate and, even though between 1990 and 2000 the value decreased, the value difference was almost $100,000. The median income of California at the time also had virtually no increase. With the increase, those persons moving to California during the drastic increase in home value may have been caught off guard and with the median income not increasing at a substantial rate as the median home value had. This left many not being able to afford housing and eventually ending up homeless.
$50000
GROSS RENT VS INCOME
Gross Rent vs Income The median annual gross rent in California in comparison to the United States as a whole has grown consistently more expensive. In 1990 the median gross rent in California was approximately $200 more expensive than the median of the nation whereas in 1980 the difference was approximately $90. While this may not look like a huge difference over time, in comparison to the median income, rent increasing at all can make a huge difference for those renting, as renters are usually those who already have a low income or are visitors. This can make things difficult for persons moving to Los Angeles for work, relocation, etc. where the increase in gross rent may cause evictions and therefore homelessness if the person(s) have nowhere and no one to turn to. Monica Buller
HISTORY
$40000 $30000 $20000 $10000 Lorem ipsum
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Median Gross Rent California Median Gross Rent United States Median Income California census.gov/hhes
45
HOME OWNERSHIP
DECLINING DUE TO HIGH HOME PRICES AND STAGNANT INCOME
HISTORY
Homeownwership in Decline Homeownership in Los Angeles has steadily declined over the years due to the many changes in the economy. As the median price for single family residences rise, the median income of individuals has seen only a gradual rise over the years. As the home price increases without the incomes increasing in response, many can now not afford to own homes. Due to this the home ownership percentage of Los Angeles has had a steady drop. Homeownership in Los Angeles is already in crisis due to these statistics and the lack of homeownership is an attributable factor to the homeless crisis in Los Angeles.
46
fred.stlouisfed.org/series
Median Home Price vs Income Los Angeles County median housing prices versus the median income of individuals is a shocking comparison. As the median price for housing continues to rise, unsteadily but rise non-the-less, the median income for those living in Los Angeles County has had an almost nonexistent increase. This leads to individuals not being able to pay their mortgages and eventually leading to evictions. Those with no place to go many times end up living on the streets, homeless.
MEDIAN HOME PRICE VS INCOME
$800000 $700000 $600000 $500000 $400000 $300000 $200000 $100000
Home Value vs Homeownership There is a gradual decline in the percentage of those in Los Angeles who own houses as home value and property taxes rise. As home value increases the percentage of those who own homes decreases steadily. Considering the large population of approximately 4 million in Los Angeles, this indicates that the difference of those that owned houses in 2013 versus those in 2016 is approximately 200,000. This rise in home prices can lead to people not being able to afford the home that they live in which can lead to evictions and massive debt which can bring homelessness to those affected.
2005
2010
2015 2018
HOME VALUE VS HOMEOWNERSHIP 80%
$800,000
70%
$700,000
60%
$600,000
50%
$500,000
40%
$400,000
30%
$300,000
20%
$200,000
10%
$100,000
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
HISTORY
0 1997 2000
0
Homeownership Percentage Median Home Value Monica Buller
laalmanac.com/economy
47
SUPPORT EFFORTS BEGIN TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEM Helping Hands With the of lack of housing and housing unaffordability in the city of Los Angeles, organizations and charities are created. The homeless citizens living in crisis need support and service. Not just in the community of Los Angeles, but nationwide, people come together to create organizations to benefit the needs of the homeless. The homeless were in desperate need of shelter, food, clothing, and other services that weren’t directly provided by the government. Thus, the government began to fund organizations, so they could provide for these needs. Nonprofit organizations also successfully help the homeless in the same way but with fundraisers and private investors. Organizations are the beginning to solving the homeless problem that has overtaken Los Angles.
The following icons are visual representation of the organization services and whether they are national or local:
National Organization Local Organization
HISTORY
Shelter Meal Services
Equipment
Healthcare
Religious Services Counseling Services Workforce Services Distrubtion of Funds 48
salvationarmy-socal.org urm.org
Salvation Army Willam Booth originally started the Salvation Army in London by preaching and contributing his knowledge to the poor and homeless. The ministry of the Salvation Army rapidly expanded through out the world. This organization has been present in California for 125 years. They provide food and shelter and other programs to assist the homeless. Founded in 1865
Union Rescue Mission Union Rescue Mission began specifically attending to the homeless located in downtown Los Angeles, eventually growing and attending to the homeless nationally. URM is a religious organization that provides clothes, food, shelter, and free medical care. Programs involving family, seniors, children, are specifically adjusted to fit each attendant. HISTORY
Founded in 1891
Midnight Mission Midnight Mission provides recovery services to homeless individuals, such as education, counseling, and other care courtesies. They also equip the homeless with food, clothing, and personal hygiene utensils. The meals provided for public in need are given no questions asked, 3 times a day. It is estimated that 1 million meals are distributed every year.
Jenna Daneshfar
midnightmission.org
49
Los Angeles Mission Los Angeles Mission is an individual and privatelyowned organization located in 156,000 facilities that provide shelter needs to the homeless. The religious organization provides emergency services and offers “Building Your Future” programs to people who are jobless, homless and in need of professional guidance. Founded in 1936
Long Beach Rescue Long Beach Rescue provides two shelters for the homeless accommodated with food and clothing. Each year the organization distributes over 187,000 meals. Also, the church, which is apart of the rescue, provides spiritual and life guidance at the request of any individual in need.
HISTORY
Founded in 1972
Step Up Step Up supports and provides for people experiencing homelessness and mental health issues. They establish a sense community that helps people recover and stabilize their life. Along with that, the charity extends their programs to provide healthcare, permaneant housing, employment training and, veteran supportive housing. Founded in 1984
Homeless Health Care Los Angeles Homeless Health Care Los Angeles administers mental and physical health care to homeless individuals and families. The nonprofit organization also finds permeant housing for the homeless. They develop personal relationships with the each homeless person they encounter. Services include substance abuse counseling, general conunseling, healthcare, mental health services, and job management programs. Founded in 1985
Downtown Women’s Rescue Downtown Women’s Shelter exclusively cares and arranges services for homeless women. The shelter serves as permanent and temporary housing. They provide health care solely for homeless women. Located in Skid Row, the shelter hands out daily meals to each resident, which totals nearly 100,000 meals a day. Counseling and workforce services are also offered in aid to the female residents.
Los Angeles Homless Services Authority LAHSA’s prime role, as an independent organization for the homeless community, is to manage the use of federal and local funding. As a large organization, several hundreds of smaller bureaus associated with LAHSA help provide and perpetuate the program. LAHSA, in addition to managing funding, arranges shelter and housing for the homeless citizens.
Founded in 1978
Founded in 1993
Path Path originally began handing out clothes and food to the homeless in the streets of Los Angeles. They progressively grew to 25 locations throughout California, each site had nearly 1,000 units of housing for homeless individuals. The organization provides case management, mental healthcare, and employment training.
My Friends Place My Friends Place provides emergency services, health care, counseling, and education to the homeless and other people in need. The organization opened a facility in 1992, located in Hollywood and supports a large amount of the homeless youth population. My Friends Place receives no government funding, they only accept funding from individuals and corporations.
Founded in 1983
50
losangelesmission.org downtownwomenscenter.org epath.org
Founded in 1990
HISTORY
Jenna Daneshfar
lahsa.org hhcla.org myfriendsplace.org
51
ORGANIZATIONS GROWING TO MEET NEEDS Estimated Annual Spending Each of the organizations presented have spent an estimated yearly income on the homeless specifically.
23 MIL
HISTORY
Union Rescue Mission Union Rescue provides for the homeless nationally.
5 MIL
Downtown Women’s Center Downtown Women’s Center specifically services only women in Los Angeles.
52
stepuponsecond.org domevillage.tedhayes.us
10 MIL
Midnight Mission Midnight Mission provides for men women and children in Los Angeles.
3 MIL
Long Beach Rescue Long Beach Rescue mainly provides meals for the homeless in Los Angeles.
Temporary Organizations Each of the organizations presented below have sucessfully helped a certain number of homeless people.
34
300
2007-2009 Project 50 The main plan of Project 50 began with housing 50 exposed homeless adults in desperate need of help. Project 50 was based off a successful program in New York. Though, the project succeeded with first housing 50 people it soon failed. Officials of the program wanted to expand to Project 500 and then Project 5,000 but city directors questioned the costly production of creating the housing and simply shut the idea own completely. The rapid house building approach was intimidating for officials due to the cost.
HISTORY
50
1993-2000 Dome Village Dome village was developed by the nonprofit organization, Justiceville. Homless individuals who have fallen short of other programs and unable to successfully recover, were specifically chosen to be a part of Dome Village. The sphere-like structures soon shut down, because of the unaffordable rent issued by the landlord. Justiceville hopes to contineue Dome Village sometime in the future.
1984-1985 Tent City Tent City is a temporary shelter for homeless, located across the street from the Los Angeles city hall. A donation was made to give the homeless a warm shelter during the holidays because of the extreme drop in temperature. Open for approximately 1 year, over 300 homeless citizens took shelter under a 5,000 square foot tent. Eventually, officials closed the site because a commercial building was scheduled to be built. 1987-1987 Urban Campgrounds Urban Campgrounds was a temporary shelter that provided land and shelter for over 2,000 homeless people in total, though only 200 at a time. The campground attempted and was fairly successful in providing social services and work accommodations. The site quickly became unsanitary for the people living there and was closed down shortly after opening.
2,600 Jenna Daneshfar
framework.latimes.com
53
CURRENT CONDITIONS
01
54
“Homelessness is a nationality now.” “Homelessness is a nationality now.” “Homelessness is a nationality now.” “Homelessness is a nationality now.” “Homelessness is a nationality now.” “Homelessness is a nationality now.” Margaret Atwood
CURRENT CONDITIONS
CURRENT CONDITIONS The current conditions of homelessness is riddled with substance abuse and health issues that ultimately can lead to death. These conditions are leading homeless peole to seek help from services being provided, even though these facilities and programs are not up to the standards they should be. This has prompted a massive reform at the county and city level. The passing of measure H has influenced a reform of services being provided and HHH has prompted a reform of permanent supportive housing and afforable housing units. The Mayor has issued a major portion of the budget to assisting and expanding services and creating new temporary housing until the permanent housing units are built.
55
FORMS OF HOMELESSNESS INCLUDES TENTS, CARS, AND SHELTERS A high percentage of homeless people do struggle with substance abuse, but addictions should be viewed an illnesses.
Substance Abuse
Causes of Homelessness CURRENT CONDITIONS
In a national census of domestic violence services conducted in September 2017, 36,348 victims of domestic violence received housing services.
According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 20% to 25% of the homeless population suffers from some form mental illness.
In 2017, 10.3 million renters (approximately one in four) had “extremely low incomes� (ELI) as classified by HUD. 35 In that same year, there were only 5.8 million rental units affordable to the more than 10 million people identified as ELI. 56
nlchp.org/documents/ latimes.com/local/california/
Domestic Violence
Mental Illness
Lack of Affordable Housing
Homelessness
Unsheltered Living
The stuggles of the unshelterd homeless is a vast topic to cover with difficulties from all aspects of life.
Resulting Forms of Homelessness
Sheltered Living
Nathan Ackerman
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Vehicular Living
From the comfort of their own vehicle, homeless who either have lost their homes or cannot afford to purchase one have resided to their vehicles for shelter.
Overcrowding and poor hygiene are the two main things destroying the homeless shelters accross the country with a growing number of homeless and very little places to go these shelters are providing little to no help.
kpbs.org/news ocregister.com/2017 seattletimes.com
57
UNSHLETERED LIVING
CREATES A SEVERE HOMELESS ENVIRONMENT Homeless Jobforce Contrary to populary belief not all homeless people sit around all day. There is a select group of homeless who are capable and motivated, and work full time jobs or are students. However, these laborers do not earn a wage that grants them enough income to afford the equitable housing.
1
3
Life on the Streets Mornings begin early for people who sleep on the street or in tents. Tents are to be taken down and the occupants are to be cleared out by 6:00 A.M.
CURRENT CONDITIONS
2 5 The Waiting Game Resources to help the homeless are out there, however, these resources take time to either be provided to the individual. From waiting in line for food, to trying to find a job, then applying for sheltered housing the homeless population spends a large portion of the day waiting.
4
Street Dwellers For ex-convicts, mentally ill, or unmotivated, jobs for the homeless are scarce. Without a steady job these people resort to selling drugs, panhandling, begging, and scavenging for recyclables.
Finding “Home” for the Night Shelters stop accepting occupants quite early in the afternoon, making it hard for the laboring homeless to find a place to rest their head at night. Laws preventing tents to be put up for overnight sleeping till 9:00 P.M. leaves most of the homeless scrabbling for a place to stay. With most worrying of becoming a victim of crime where they are staying, they are relieved to even get sleep at night. 58
neoch.org/isse-14-articles/2012/6/21/ latimes.com/local/california/
Personal Hygiene Showering is an actual shower is a luxury for homeless people who can find access to public showers. For those who aren’t as fortunate find themselves using water bottles to bathe.
6
Nathan Ackerman
dailytitan.com/2017/04/ archives.sfexaminer.com/sanfrancisco/
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Living on the Streets Living on the streets is one of the harshest conditions of homelessness, while being the most common living situation in the homeless population, it is the most dangerous way to survive. However, once out on the streets many find themselves in some type of “community� that looks after one another.
59
VEHICULAR LIVING
HAS UNREGULATED LAWS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY
1
A Quiet Place People who rely on their vehicles struggle to find parking spots where they are not bothered by noises of traffic and/or other homeless people living in the same area.
CURRENT CONDITIONS
2 4 Personal Hygiene Much like unsheltered homeless, homeless living from their vehicles struggle to find a private place to shower or use the restroom, often using gas station restrooms and public showers along beaches, parks,etc.
3
5 60
abc.net.au/news/ businessinsider.com/
Ticket In many cities within the United States it is actually illeagal to live out of your car. While dealing with avoiding police; people who live in their cars must comply with the cities parking regulations as well.
The Working Van People who have jobs will often times park next to or near their place of employment. There even are a number of people who work from their vehicle.
Parking Privilages Many parking lots provide overnight parking as long as the patrons are out of the parking spaces anywhere from 5-7 A.M.
Nathan Ackerman
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Living in a Car One of the more private choices for the homeless. Choosing to live in a car gives them the opportunity to move from place to place more efficiently. However with this comes the diffculty of finding a place to bathe and use the rest room while trying to obey site specific parking laws.
oregonlive.com/portland-homeless/ shopehomedesigns.kawen.pw/ abc7news.com/society/
61
SHELTERED LIVING
POSES DIFFERENT CHALLENGES FOR HOMELESS
1
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Accepting a Shelter Many shelters are faith based oranizations or facilities, and many of these force their beliefs on the patrons. Also, some shelters descriminte against LGBT youth and adults.
Shelter Life Once the homeless are admitted into the shelter they face similar problems if not more than on the street: overcrowding, poor hygene, and theft.
62
huffingtonpost.com/carey-fuller/ npr.org/2012/
5
The “Process” The “process” of becoming sheltered is a conjested and extensive one, with shelters having only a certain amount of beds and usually there are way more people applying everyday.
3
2
4
The Waiting Game If a person is lucky enough, and put in touch with a shelter that could possibly house them, there is no determined waiting time. Most shelters expect the applicants to call everday to let the shelters know they still need to be housed.
Select Few The few that are selected to be provided shelter usually aren’t going to be able to stay in that particular shelter for more than 90 days. This being said, many of the homeless that go into shelters eventually end up back on the strees.
Living in a Homeless Shelter Living in a homeless shelter provides many different challenges: getting into a program, waiting for avalible spots, finding an acceptable shelter. In addition to these challenges these shelters are overcrowed and ridden with thieves and disease.
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Nathan Ackerman
sunnyskyz.com/good-news/ dailynews.com/2018/ dcourier.com/news/2017/
63
MENTAL ILLNESS
PREVAILS IN THE HOMELESS POPULATION
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Overview Mental illness is a crisis within itself, especially amongst the homeless population. Many homeless don’t get treated, some don’t know they are ill, and some reject offers of help due to these things. The system is set to where mentally ill homeless people tend to get arrested rather than treated. Deinstitutionalizatin was not accompanied by a commensurate development of community-based services. Laws have limited the homeless to services they need for mental health. There also is a lack of resources. There aren’t enough psychiatric beds. Lack of resources causes isolation. Long term isolation can also lead to mental illness. Failure of government support has heavily affected the mentally ill in the homeless population. Involuntary Hospitalization The right for people to make their own decisions about treaments. Those who are acutely ill cannot make rational decisions about their health, so they would not seek help even if help was close by. For those who do not know they are ill, they cannot be treated unless they are under extreme danger from themselves or their environment.
64
skillshares.interactivist.net/housing
“I didn’t really know where I was.” - L.A. homeless suffering from depression Lost Severely mentally ill homeless people are so far from reality. They come in and out, and when they are in the right mind, they don’t know where they are or how they got there. Self-Medication Out of the nearly 30% of the homeless population that are mentally ill, at least half, or 50%, of them self-medicated to relieve the symptoms of their mental disorder. Methods of self-medication include substance abuse or drug abuse. Neglect There have been atleast 150 incidents where a patient from a mental hospital has been dropped off in Skid Row. The city had to pass a law that made it illegal to drop off patients in the Skid Row and South Los Angeles areas.
“I just want the feelings to go away.” - L.A. homeless suffering from bipolar disorder
“I want the voices to stop.” -L.A. homeless suffering from schizophrenia
AMERICA’S POPULATION WITH MENTAL ILLNESS
HOMELESS POPULATION WITH MENTAL ILLNESS
.05% 4%
30% CURRENT CONDITIONS
Not Homeless
Homeless Mental Illness in America Of the entire American population, 9.8 million suffer from a serious mental illness, which is about 4%. Of the 9.8 about 150, 000 are homeless.
9.8 MIL American’s suffer from any serious mental disorder
4% are homeless, of the 9.8 mil Ja’Kyrin Connor
Mental Illness in Homeless Population Compared to the 4 % that are mentally in America, 30 % of the homeless population is mentally ill. This means that, if you are homeless, you are six times as likely to be mentally ill.
150,000 of American population suffers from mental illness
30% of America’s homeless population suffers from mental illness youtube.com
65
MENTAL ILLNESS
IS GREATER AMOUNG UNSHELTERED HOMELESS Los Angeles County Mental Illness Among Homeless
City of Los Angeles Mental Illness Among Homeless
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Mental Illness in Los Angeles Out of the entire homeless population in L.A., about 30% have a mental illness. Out of that 25 %, 92% are unsheltered, and the remaining percent are sheltered. This reflects the lack of decision making in getting help or shelter.
23.5% Unsheltered
23% Unsheltered
30% of Los Angeles’homeless population suffers from mental illness
92% 3.5% Sheltered Approximately 1 in 6 are sheltered.
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lahsa.org
3% Sheltered Approximately 1 in 7 are sheltered.
of mentally ill are unsheltered
Number of Homeless with Mental Illness Conclusion The sites as a whole represent almost 50% of the total homeless population that is mentally ill in Los Angeles. Of all the sites we represent, Site 4 (North Hollywood) has the highest percentage. It is twice as much as the next highest percentage and six times as much as the lowest percentage.
Ja’Kyrin Connor
Site
4
25.5% District 14
CURRENT CONDITIONS
11% District 1
3 ite S4% 6%
Site 1
District15
te
2
District 8
Si
Mental illness is a major issue. Some people with a mental illness cannot work. They lose their jobs, ,begin to not be able to afford housing, and eventually become homeless. Mental illnesses can also be triggered by homelessness and its isolation from society causing stress and other problems, which can lead to trauma. This pattern leads to chronic homelessness. The solution to this is giving them the resources they need to be treated and lead sustainable lives.
District 2 - 3.5%
67
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
AFFECTS HOMELESS PEOPLE ACROSS AMERICA FREQUENCY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG HOMELESS
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Understanding and Acting It is a common misconception that a large percentage of the homeless population in America is addicted to either alcohol or drugs, but it is a smaller percentage than most people think. That being said, it is an issue that needs to be addressed. According to the United States Conference of Mayors in 2008, additional substance abuse services were reported by 28% of cities surveyed as one of the top three items needed to combat homelessness. As 10 years have passed by and the numbers of homeless people with substance disorders have barely dropped, more action needs to be taken. Substance abuse need to be addressed regularly as an illness as it takes longer than most diseases to overcome and cure. An increase in the amount and quality of supportive housing throughout the US will have a drastic effect on homelessness while creating residential security, stable rehabilitation, and community understanding.
50% of 35%
35%
35% of homeless people accross America suffer from a substance abuse disorder
50% of 35% 35%
68
lahsa.org/news nationalhomeless.org/factsheets 12keysrehab.com/drug-addiction-and-homelessness/
Of that 35%, 50% of homeless people accross America that suffer from a substance abuse disorder also suffer from a mental illness.
FREQUENCY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG AGES
50%
100%
Under 17 18-54 55+
15% with substance abuse disorder 35%with substance abuse disorder 45% with substance abuse disorder
Jack Gustavson
18 through 54 The larget percentage of the homeless community across America falls under this age bracket.
CURRENT CONDITIONS
17 and Under The percentage of homeless youths in america abusing subsances is absurdly high considering the age brackets. Having teens exposed to these substances creates a never ending cycle of behavior and homelessness. 21% of the homeless population in America are under the age of 18.
55 and Over It is a common misconception that a large percentage of the homeless population in America are addicted to either alcohol or drugs, but it is a smaller percentage than most people think. That being said, it still is an issue that needs to and is being addressed.
69
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
IS A MAJOR ISSUE WITHIN LOS ANGELES
CURRENT CONDITIONS
High Numbers The information provided below is provided by the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority. The number of homeless people with substance abuse disorders in the chosen districts are generally higher than other districts in LA county. District 14 (Site 1) has significantly more users than any other district due to a larger condensed homeless population. There is an ongoing problem for people with substance abuse disorders in these districts due to the lack of supportive housing in the districts seen on the next page. It is unclear of what type of housing the small percentage of people in the district are recieving, but it is clear that it is not enough to make a difference.
12.5%
District 15
District 8
25%
District 1
District 14 District 15
District 2
District 8
-18% -12%
200
400
600
-22%
800
1000
District 1
1200
District 14
Numer of Homeless People with Substance Disorders -18% -19%
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lahsa.org/
District 2
District 15
of homeless people with substance abuse disorders located in District 15 (Site 1) are sheltered.
District 1
10/233
3/504
of homeless people with substance abuse disorders located in District 8 (Site 2) are sheltered.
of homeless people with substance abuse disorders located in District 1 (Site 3) are sheltered.
District 14
66/1200 of homeless people with substance abuse disorders located in District 14 (Site 4) are sheltered.
District 2
0/234 of homeless people with substance abuse disorders located in District 2 (Site 5) are sheltered.
CURRENT CONDITIONS
2/227
District 8
= 20 people
Jack Gustavson
71
ABUSE AND DISABILITIES ARE PREVELENT AMONG HOMELESS 50%
CURRENT CONDITIONS
By Definition Domestic abuse in LA includes: -Physical abuse by parent/guardian/other relative or intimate partner -Sexual abuse by parent/guardian/other relative or intimate partner -Dating violence -Stalking
Domestic Conditions Victims of domestic abuse face an array of physical condtions that require immediate medical attention such as broken bones, lesions, headaches, gynecological injuries, pregnancy, STDs, gastrointestinal disorders, and heart or circulatory conditions.
Women On The Streets Women now make up 1 in 3 homeless people in LA. The number (18,000) has seen an increase of 55% since 2013 and more than 1/3 are currently experiencing domestic abuse. Many women on the street also ind themselves in abusive relationships as a coping or survival mechanism, (often leading to or as a result of mental illness such as depression).
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lahsa.org
Homeless Experiencing Domestic Abuse
22% Site 1 (District 15) 25% Site 2 (District 8) 38% Site 3 (District 1) 30% Site 4 (District 4) 31% Site 5 (District 2) 0
100%
50%
Homeless with Physical Disabilities
100%
CURRENT CONDITIONS
13%
Lack of Care The homeless have a range of physical disorders due to their lack of access to basic health care needs. Main physical health issues seen within the population include but are not limited to: - Respiratory disorders (asthma, tuberculosis, etc.) - Diseases of the extremities (lice, scabies, cellulitis, etc.) - Foot problems and infections (fungal, corns, bunions, etc.) - Dental and hygiene issues (gengivitis, cavities, etc.) - Chronic conditions and diseases (diabetes, cancer, hypertension, etc.) The Simple Things Simple and common physical issues have the ability to cause life threatening complications due to the lack of access to medical treatment.
14% Site 1 (District 15) 13% Site 2 (District 8) 19% Site 3 (District 1)
Out-Treatment Even when treated, outpatient care poses even more difficulties with the impossibility of bed rest, refrigeration, and diet control.
18% Site 4 (District 4) 11% Site 5 (District 2) 0 ZoĂŤ Collum
73
DEATH RATES IN LA HAVE MORE THAN DOUBLED
15%
600
20%
800
Death by Year
Death by Cause 10%
400
25%
1,000
CURRENT CONDITIONS
- Tuberculosis
- ‘13 - ‘14 - ’15 - ‘16 - ‘17
200
As A Whole The number of homeless people who died in Los Angeles County’s streets and shelters has increased by 81.5 percent in 5 years. Rising to a total of 831 deaths in 2017.
- Hyperthermia - Camcer - Infection - CirrhosisI - Pnemonia - Trauma Related - Acute Intoxication - Unknown - Cardio Disease
5%
0
Treatable Cause Almost all homeless deaths in 2017 were due to treatable medical conditions which include cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, diabetes, cancer, and cirrhosis. severe bacterial infections, and many others.
0% 400
50% 40% 300
500
60%
30%
Death by Age
70%
Death by Gender
200
600
- ‘07 - ‘06 - ‘05 - ‘04 - ‘03 - ‘02 - ‘01 - ‘00
20%
- 0-24 - 25-44 - 45-64 10%
74
nationalhomeless.org
- 65+ 0%
Life Expectancy The average homeless person’s life expectancy is 48-52. Far below the predicted normal lifespan of 79.
100
Male Female
0
Men vs Women An astonishing comparison between the death of men and women can be attributed to women receiving more health benefits due to child care.
DEATH RATES BY DISTRICT
By the Hundreds The devestatingly large number of deaths among the homeless population has the highest percentages in LA at close to 1,000 per year.
CURRENT CONDITIONS
ZoĂŤ Collum
-
100+ Deaths
-
20-99 Deaths
-
7-19 Deaths
Site 5 (District 2) Site 4 (District 14) Site 3 (District 1) Site 2 (District 8) Site 1 (District15)
nationalhomeless.org
75
OPTIONS AND SERVICES
CURRENT CONDITIONS
PARKING FOR THE HOMELESS
In the city there are thousands of homeless individuals who are living in their vehicles as a last form of housing. Vehicle dwelling by the homeless population is scattered across the City, with some areas having a greater density of occupied vehicles than others. Vehicles provide a sense of security for homeless individuals, as they help alleviate fears that are commonly associated with living on the streets or in shelters. Throughout the City, several areas designated by ordinances do not allow for overnight parking of oversized vehicles. As a result, homeless individuals who live in their vehicles must move their vehicles or face the risk of getting issued parking fines.
This lack of stability further entrenches these individuals into homelessness, stymieing their path to self-sufficiency and housing. To help alleviate this issue, the City should establish a Safe Parking program that allows for overnight parking at pre-determined locations for homeless individuals who currently dwell in their vehicles as a form of shelter. A Safe Parking program in the City presents opportunities for further integration into city systems and processes that help better serve the homeless population. As a secondary strategy, a Safe Parking program presents an opportunity to further enhance the City’s capacity during an emergency. By having pre-determined designated lots, individuals within the City will have the ability to meet at locations that could be retrofitted as emergency.
76
lahsa.org
CURRENT CONDITIONS
In the City there are thousands of homeless individuals who are living in their vehicles as a last form of housing. Vehicle dwelling by the homeless population is scattered across the City, with some areas having a greater density of occupied vehicles than others. Vehicles provide a sense of security for homeless individuals, as they help alleviate fears that are commonly associated with living on the streets or in shelters.
Throughout the City, several areas designated by ordinances do not allow for overnight parking of oversized vehicles. As a result, homeless individuals who live in their vehicles must move their vehicles or face the risk of getting issued parking fines. This lack of stability further entrenches these individuals into homelessness, stymieing their path to self-sufficiency and housing.
Corey Evans Jr Tyler Thomas Traci Reyes
77
OPTIONS AND SERVICES SHOWERS FOR THE HOMESLESS
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Showers Making a Difference Lava Mae is a non-profit organization whos mission is to deliver with an unexpected level of care they call Radical Hospitality-to rekindle dignity and hope for people experincing homelessness through their Moblie Hygiene Service,Pop-Up Care Villages and buildlt toolkit. Founded by Doniece Sandoval in 2013, Lava Mae began by converting public transportation buses into showers and toilets on wheels to deliver hygiene and rekindle dignity for our unhoused neighbors in San Francisco. These services are key to survivial in homlessness. Lava Mae has served 10,000+ guests who have taken 35,000+ showers on our mobile units across Los Angeles and the Bay Area, and innovated onestop Pop-Up Care Villages to dramatically expand access to essential services for people living on the streets. Showers open alot of good doors for homeless people.They are more open to interaction with non-homeless people and this generates a connection which could lead to the homeless seeking help or begining to trust others then seek help.
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LOS ANGELES SCHEDULE & LOCATIONS learn more at lavamae.org *SHOWERS ARE FIRST COME FIRST SERVED BASIS, AND TIME/ LOCATION IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE AT ANY MOMENT.
8:00am – 11:30am
PATH WAYS Shelter – South Central LA – 3804 Broadway Pl.
TUESDAY
8:00am – 12:30pm
St. Francis Center – Downtown LA – 1835 S. Hope St.
9:00am – 1:00pm
Venice Beach – West LA – 1 Rose Ave
8:00am – 12:30pm
City Hall – Downtown LA – 200 N. Main St.
9:00am – 1:00pm
Mt. Tabor Church – South LA – 6614 S. Western Ave
11:00am – 3:00pm
Whittier Narrows – S El Monte – 1201 Loma Ave (Bldg 21)
9:00am – 1:00pm
Venice Beach – West LA – 1 Rose Ave
8:30am – 1:00pm
Gladys Park – Skid Row – 808 E. 6th St.
9:00am – 1:00pm
St. Margaret’s Center – Inglewood – 10217 Inglewood Ave
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
Corey Evans Jr Tyler Thomas Traci Reyes
CURRENT CONDITIONS
MONDAY
79
LAHSA
PROVIDES OPTIONS AND SERVICES FOR HOMELESS
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Overview The Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority is a federal agency that strives to support, create and sustain solutions to homelessness in LA County by providing leadership, advocacy, planning, and management of program funding. As the leading agency in the Los Angeles Continuum of Care, which is the regional planning body that coordinates housing and services for homeless families and individuals in LA County, LAHSA coordinates and manages over $243 million annually for programs that provide shelter, housing, and services to the homeless. Throughout the county there are many shelters that have been delegated the task of providing for the 40,000+ in need. All with a set of goals and services that provide unique experiences to LAs homeless. Homeless Outreach LAHSA’s Homeless Engagement Team (HET) provides direct outreach to individuals experiencing homelessness. HET members travel throughout Los Angeles County and build personal relationships with their clients. Working under the leadership of the Director of Homeless Services, our HET members provide linkages to resources available for the homeless such as referrals to shelter and transportation. HET members work closely with City and County departments and represent LAHSA at community meetings and events, educating the public about services available in the City and or County of Los Angeles for people experiencing homelessness.
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HMIS The Los Angeles Continuum of Care Homeless Management Information System is designed to help provide effective services and information to assist LA’s homeless, or those at-risk, to achieve housing stability and self-sufficiency. Striving to be a vehicle to foster cooperation, improve program quality, and collect accurate data.
Funding and Administration LAHSA administers federal, state, and local funding to almost 100 service providers. Through Requests for Proposals, bids are submitted for services. The RFP evaluation process examines core competencies, services, and outcomes desired to ensure that funding is distributed effectively. The service providers with which LAHSA contracts receive technical support, contracting assistance and are able to utilize LAHSA’s capacity building resources.
Corey Evans Jr Tyler Thomas
CURRENT CONDITIONS
“The staff amazes me with their ability to go out on the streets, all across this county, and identify those individuals who are homeless and bring them to solutions that can get them off the streets� - Elise Buik, Chair, LAHSA Commission
81
LAHSA SHELTER
NAMED SHELTER OF THE YEAR
CURRENT CONDITIONS
How Ascencia Began Ascencia was originally PATH - Achieve Glendale, providing housing and services to homeless individuals since 2006. In 1955 concerned residents join with Salvation Army, Catholic Charites, and Verdugo Jobs Center to address the multiple needs of homelessness. Services included street outreach, employment, substance abuse, benefits advocacy, on site clinic, and psychiatric services. The project added a transitional housing program and permanent supportive housing and became Project ACHIEVE. In 2005 the Project ACHIEVE’s operator decided to no longer run the programs, and was funded by the city for the next six months. Nick Lam of Pacific BMW agreed to chair the new Board of Directors and in 2007, and they hired Natalie Komuro as Executive Director. Nick Lam brought in numerous donors to upgrade the facilities to expectations with new landscape and a new building sign. As the organization stabilized its financial situation, they began to fine tune its programs and put a strong focus on the outcome. In 2009 they expanded services to intensify the effort against chronic homelessness in the area. In 2010 they joined the 100,000 Homes Campaign to document vulnerable homeless. After building relationships with local hospitals made it possible to join the 10th docile project. From 2006 to now Ascencia has served 12,000 homeless people. In 2012 Ascencia was named organization of the year by the Glendale chamber of commerece. They won again in 2018.
82
ascenciaca.org/how-we-help
Corey Evans Jr Tyler Thomas
Street Outreach Ascencia addresses the prolem, on a year long basis, going directly to the homeless to provide help to those that are eother uninformed or are not comfortable asking for help on their own. Outreach operates 7 a.m. until 5 p.m. Monday through Friday.
The 10th Decile Project Ascencia has a special program for chronically homeless people who often use local hospitals. Identified as the costliest 10% of the homeless population, this project moves chronically ill clients into permanent housing and establishes a medical home so that the client can stabilize and improve his health. Clients for this project are identified by Ascencia’s outreach team.
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Next Step Program This program serves formerly chronically homeless adults who have completed an addiction recovery program. The program uses a 12-step approach to support recovery. Residents must commit to sobriety, monthly meetings and regularly meet with their case manager to ensure they are doing well in the recovery. Most clients in this program have employment.
83
LAHSA SHELTERS CREATE A MAJOR IMPACT
Catholic Charities IN - Good Shepered
1640 Rockwood St., Los Angeles, CA 90026, and 267 Belmont Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90026
50
CURRENT CONDITIONS
average numer of children housed each night
93
average number of women housed each night
1,500
women and children housed each year
6,000
meals provided through mobile outreach
70,000
meals provides this year
National Health Foundation
5136 W. Washington Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90016
2
schools with mini farm stands
700
highschool students with new options for fresh water through the installation of ‘Hydration Stations’
1,000
students with a redesigned lunchroom that decreases wait time
3,000
residents provided with fresh produce in south Los Angeles
The People Concer - Lamp Village
1325 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90027
718
volunteer led enrichment classes
84
lahsa.org/
1,184
indivuduals placed in permanent housing
5,261 lives improved
Weingart Center Association
566 S. San Pedro St., Los Angeles, CA, 90013
600 housed daily
1,044 placed in jobs
10,980
Covenant Housing California
1325 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90027
63%
increase in educational placement in the past year
Corey Evans Jr
76%
increase in job placement in the past year
156%
served in residential and community programs
CURRENT CONDITIONS
provided with employment assistance
27,163
increase in transgender youth served in the past year
85
LAHSA SHELTERS OFFER ADDITIONAL SERVICES
Job Assistance
Shelter
Housing
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Family Services
U.S. Veteran Initiative For the successful transition of military veterans and their families through the provision of housing, counseling, career development and comprehensive support. 733 S. Hindry Ave., Inglewood, CA 90301
Catholic Charites INC Catholic Charities is committed to manifesting Christ’s spirit by collaborating with diverse communities, providing services to the poor and vulnerable, promoting human dignity, and advocating for social justice. 1640 Rockwood St., Los Angeles, CA 90026 Veteran Services
Job Assistance
Shelter
Housing
267 Belmont Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90026 1368 Oregon Ave. Long Beach, CA 90813 1301 W. 12th St., Long Beach, CA 90813
First to Serve Providing transitional housing, medical, and supportive services to homeless men, women and children in South Los Angeles. Domestic Abuse
86
lahsa.org/
Counceling
Shelter
Housing
1718 W. Vernon, Los Angeles, CA 90062
Home at Last Vision is to reduce recidivism within the communities by increasing the emotional stability of youth and families as well as attain permanent housing. Shelter
Job Assistance
Counceling
Housing
Shelter
Job Assistance
Counceling
Substance Abuse
Health Care
Los Ageles Family Housing LA Family Housings helps people transition out of homelessness and poverty through a continuum of housing enriched with supportive services. 7843 Lankershim Blvd North Hollywood, CA 91605
Domestic Abuse
Substance Abuse
Youth
Outreach
Outreach
Education
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Housing 4920 S. Avalon Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90011
The Village Family Services Protecting children from abuse, preserve families and build a stronger, safer community for all. 6801 Coldwater Canyon 1E, North Hollywood 91605
Corey Evans Jr Tyler Thomas
Housing
Shelter
Counceling
Mental Health
Education
87
LAHSA SHELTERS OFFER ADDITIONAL SERVICES
Outreach
Youth
Family Services
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Education
Counceling
Shelter
Housing
Jovenes INC Helping youth end their cycle of homelessness, focusing on not only their needs for housing, but also healthcare, education, employment and trauma recovery. 1208 Pleasant Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033 Midnight Mission A bridge to self-sufficiency for people experiencing homelessness through recovery services, counseling, education, training, workforce development and continued care services.
Education
Outreach
Counceling
Mental Health
Counceling
Job Assistance
Shelter
Housing 601 S. San Pedro St., Los Angeles, CA 90014 Weingart Center Association Empowering and transforming lives by delivering innovative solutions to break the cycle of homelessness.
Substance Abuse
88
Mental Health
Family Services
Counceling
Job Assistance
Shelter
Housing
566 S. San Pedro St., Los Angeles, CA, 90013
Los Angeles LGBT Center The Los Angeles LGBT Center is building a world where LGBT people thrive as healthy, equal, and complete members of society. Housing
Shelter
Job Assistance
Counceling
Mental Health
Substance Abuse
Counceling
Mental Health
Outreach
Youth
Outreach
Covenant Housing A non-profit youth homeless shelter that provides sanctuary and support for homeless and trafficked youth, ages 18-24 1325 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90027 Los Angeles Youth Network A safe, stable home and a connection to others who will support their needs, advocate for their future, and help them negotiate the challenges of daily life. 1719 Taft Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90028
Housing
Shelter
Job Assistance
Housing
Shelter
Counceling
Family Services
Mental Health
Youth
Education CURRENT CONDITIONS
1220 N. Highland Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90038
Education
Outreach
Education
1754 Taft Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90028
Corey Evans Jr Tyler Thomas
89
SHELTERS OCCUPANCY RATES EFFECTED BY WEATHER
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Homelessness is a growing epidemic all over the world. People that are homeless are always in need of help not only when its cold outside but when its hot as well. So the efforts of change need to be consistent and yearly, not when it is convenient to the public.This being said the homeless shelter usage during times that are not hoilday seasons are low. Then, with the aproach of holidays the shelters go from minimum usage to almost overcrowed. This is because the number of workers and supplies are almost trippled.The atmosphere in which these people need is created with little thought about the subject at hand. The way to get the people into the shelters needs to be an atomsphere in which we create in the hoilday season, which is welcoming and pleasing.
December
90
lahsa.org/dashboards
January
February
March
April
Beds Provided vs Beds Occupied 50%
100%
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Dealing With Occupancy Rates During the cold season of 2017-2018, the Los Angeles Homeless Shelter Authority implemented the Winter Shelter Program where single, homeless, adults could recieve emergency shelter on a first come first serve basis. Represented graphically, is the comparison between the amount of beds provided to the homeless by these shelters, and the amount of single adults who took advantage of these services during the season. The issue arises when the percentages are compared to the amount of beds tha each shelter provided. First to Serve out of Inglewood, for example, filled up round a third of their beds on average during this time period. However, there were 100 beds provided and they failed to fill them ost like ly due to either the lack of promotion of their services or the lack of care they show for the homeless individuals they serve. It is also evident that a few of these shelters shined above the rest by either meeting full capacity or going over the limit to ensure that needs were met. These shelters include ESGVC of San Gabriel, VOA of Pomona, and Ascencia of Highland Park. The issue that need to be adressed is why some shelters are falling short while others are exceeding expectations.
- 65% US VETS - Long Beach - 90% Salvation Army - Lancaster - 37% Valley Oasis - Lancaster - 58% First to Serve - S. LA - 40% First to Serve - Inglewood - 82% First to Serve - W. LA - 86% Bridge to Home - Santa Clarita - 102% ESGVC - San Gabriel - 64% SSG (Hopics) - S. LA (Youth) - 76% Weingart Center - DTLA - 78% Bethel CDC - S. LA - 86% Hope of the Valley - 100% VOA - Pomona - 112% Ascensia - Highland Park 0%
Corey Evans Jr Tyler Thomas
91
LAHSA SERVICES
ASSISTED 6,120 HOMELESS PEOPLE 54% Male
GENDER
45% 25-54
TOTAL: 6,120
12% 55-61
CURRENT CONDITIONS
der
3% Transgen
AGE
TOTAL: 6,120
43% Female
6% 61+
5% 8% 18-24 24% Under 18
Unk
32% White
now
n
10% Unknown
Multira
cial 3%
Hawaiian 1%
Indian 2%
Asian 1%
RACE
TOTAL: 6,120
51% Black
92
homeless.lacounty.gov/
LAHSA SERVICES
ASSISTED 349 FAMILIES TO AVERT HOMELESSNESS
263 Families
LAHSA
349 Families
Families Retained or Moved to Permanent Housing Families Assisted
Jakob Mier
LAHSA
Families Reatining PH
Families Assested
287 Families
CURRENT CONDITIONS
287 Families
Families Retained or Moved to Permanent Housing Families that Remained in PH After 6 Months
homeless.lacounty.gov/
93
PERMANENT HOUSING PLACES 16,107 HOMELESS PEOPLE 47% Black
RACE
13% 55-61
45% 25-54
CURRENT CONDITIONS
TOTAL: 16,107
AGE
7% U
nkno
wn
37% White
7% 62+
TOTAL: 16,107
ian As % ian 2 Ind an 2% Hawaii 1% l ltiracia 4% Mu
2% Unkno
wn 43% Female
7% 18-24
26% Under 18
Transgender 2%
GENDER
TOTAL: 16,107
55% Male
94
homeless.lacounty.gov/
RETURN TO HOMELESSNESS AFTER BEING PLACED IN PERMANENT HOUSING 15% 55-61 46% 25-54
7% 62+
AGE TOTAL: 1,624
1% Hawaiian
8% 18-24
50% Black
Transgender 1%
RACE
TOTAL: 1,624
58% Female
GENDER TOTAL: 1,624
CURRENT CONDITIONS
23% Under 18
sian 1% A n 2% India 1% Hawaiian
3% Multiracial
6% U
41% Male
nkno
wn
37% White
Traci Reyes
95
INTERIM HOUSING ASSISTS 730 HOMELESS PEOPLE
Interim Housing for those in Institutions Department of Health and Service (DHS) provide interim housing to individuals who were discharged from institutions; also including those who were in jail or prison, hospitals, foster care, and psychiatric facilities. 47 Days DHS
69 Days LAHSA
CURRENT CONDITIONS
AVERAGE STAY
30 Days LAHSA
16% Unknown
66 Days DHS
DESTINATION 29% Permanent
117 People
SERVED TOTAL: 730
613 People
96
TOTAL: 730
55% NonPermanent
EMERGENCY SHELTERS ASSISTED INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES 547 Youth
Emergency Shelters Expands the supply of short-term, safe, continuously-open places to stay that have access to resources and services that facilitate quick exits from homelessness.
795 Families
26 Unknown
SERVED 7,220 Individuals
YOUTH
DESTINATION
1,524 NonPermanent
2,125 unknown
CURRENT CONDITIONS
81 Permanent
175 NonPermanent
71 Unknown
INDIVIDUALS DESTINATION
FAMILIES DESTINATION
200 NonPermanent
140 Permanent 1,036 Permanent
Traci Reyes
homeless.lacounty.gov/
97
HOMELESS TO HOUSING
MEDIAN/MEAN DAYS FROM INTIAL CONTACT WITH SERVICES
CURRENT CONDITIONS
93 days
85 days
Median
2015-16 253 days
2016-17
Mean
205 days
A comparison of mean and median durations suggests that greater efforts to place those few households with comparatively lengthy homelessness spells would substantially reduce the mean duration.
98
PERMANENT PLACEMENTS
IN LAHSA AND HACLA HOUSING AND RETURNS AFTER PLACEMENT
13,428 People
Placements
14,309 People
1,624 People 2015-16 2016-17
Returns to Homelessness
1,423 People
CURRENT CONDITIONS
LAHSA
387 People
HACLA Placement
1412 People
Jakob Mier Traci Reyes Wes Cagle
homeless.lacounty.gov/
99
HACLA
PROVIDES PERMANENT AND SUPPORTIVE HOUSING HACLA HOMELESS INITIATIVE ALLOCATION
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Input Comparison
Beds
7
Homeless Veterans Initiative
500
6
Tenant Based Supportive Housing Program
800
5
Moderate Rehabilitation SRO Program
1,107
4
Permanent Supportive Housing PBV Prgram
2,802
3
Homeless Program
4,111
2
Shelter Plus Care Program
4,382
1
HUD-VASH Program
4,575 Total:
100
18,277
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
TBSH provides affordable, permanent, supportive housing for highservice-need chronically homeless individuals and families by providing rental subsidies and supportive services through the collaborative effort of the Authority and local service providers. SRO program is designed to bring more SRO units into the local housing supply to assist homeless persons into permanent housing. HUD selects applicants for Moderate Rehabilitation SRO funding in the national CoC competition based on regional and national homeless assistance goals.
CURRENT CONDITIONS
HACLA’s non-profit and public agency partners will provide supportive services which will enable the veterans to maintain independent living and remain successfully housed. These vouchers will help to meet the Mayor’s goal of housing all homeless veterans by the end of this year.
(PSH) Project-Based Voucher (PBV) Program provides long-term rental subsidy contracts that facilitate development of housing for homeless and chronically individuals and families, targeting a variety of special needs populations. The goal of the program is to provide permanent affordable housing for homeless individuals and families while insuring them access to supportive services to maintain independent living. The Shelter Plus Care Program was created under the McKinney Homeless Assistance Act and is designed to promote permanent housing with supportive service to persons with disabilities coming from the streets and emergency shelters. The HUD-VASH Program is a partnership that was developed by the VA with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to provide permanent housing and supportive services to homeless and chronically homeless veterans. Wes Cagle
101
MEASURE H
CURRENT CONDITIONS
PROVIDES FUNDING AND SERVICE STRATEGIES
102
What is Measure H? On December 6, 2016, the Boards adopted an ordinance placing Measure H, a ¼ cent special sales tax for a period of 10 years, on March 7, 2017 countywide election ballot. Measure H is projected to generate approximately $355 million per year, with revenue solely to be used to prevent and combat homelessness in Los Angeles County. The numbers of people who experience periods of homelessness in the cities and Unincorporated Areas of Los Angeles County have grown steadily in recent years. The increasing visibility of the unsheltered homeless population, in turn, has elevated the problem to the top of the County’s social policy priorities. In February 2016, the LA County Board of Supervisors responded to the homeless crisis by formally approving
homeless.lacounty.gov/measure-h/
47 countywide strategies to combat homelessness. The strategies were developed in a collaborative effort with stakeholders inside and outside County government under the leadership and coordination of the Homeless Initiative, which is administratively situated in the County’s Chief Executive Office. The Homeless Initiative’s strategic approach to the crisis creates or expands a range of clientcentered homeless services and is structured to produce measurable outcomes. The strategies encompass six essential areas of focus: prevention, subsidized housing, income and employment, case management and supportive services, the development of a coordinated homeless services system, and affordable and homeless housing.
1/4
Property Tax Increase
10
Year Period
$355
Million Annually
RAPID RE-HOUSING
PLACES 16,686 HOMELESS IN RAPID REHOUSING Mu
ltira
36% White
cia
l 4%
Multi-R acial 4 % Hawaiian 2% Indian 2% Asian 2%
Strategy B3: Rapid Re-housing New participants enrolled in rapid re-housing are placed in permanent housing. They also obtain a chance for permanent housing. It provides homeless households with low-to-moderate housing barriers financial assistance and case management that enables them to exit homelessness, to maintain their new housing, and regain selfsufficiency.
RACE
TOTAL: 16,686
55% Female 40% 25-54
Trans g
ende
5% 55-61 3% 62+
AGE
CURRENT CONDITIONS
49% Black
r 2%
GENDER
n
1% Unknow
TOTAL: 16,686
TOTAL: 16,686 10% 18-24 43% Male 41% Under 18
Traci Reyes
103
INTERIM HOUSING PLACED 1,437 HOMELESS 17% 55-61
23% Female 9% 62+
AGE
TOTAL: 1,437
65% 25-54
8% 18-24
1% Under 18
GENDER
CURRENT CONDITIONS
TOTAL: 1,437
75% Male 14% Uknown Haw
aiia
n 1%
5% Multiracial 38% White
Indian 1% Asian 2%
RACE
TOTAL: 1,437
37% Black
104
Transgender 2%
homeless.lacounty.gov/measure-h/
Strategy B7: Interim Housing for those in Institutions Department of Health and Services provide interim housing to individuals who were discharged from instututions; also including those who were in jail or prison, hospitals, foster care, and psychiatric facilities.
PERM. SUPPORTIVE HOUSING PLACED 2,195 HOMELESS
35% Female Tran sg
end
25% 55-61
er 1
19% 62+
%
GENDER TOTAL: 2,195
3% 18-24
64% Male
43% Black 51% 25-54
3%
CURRENT CONDITIONS
AGE
TOTAL: 2,195
own 1% Ukn 1% Under 18
an
Asi
n ndia 2% I waiian 1% Ha
Strategy D7: Permanent Supportive Housing People are linked to new Intensive Case Management Services (ICMS) slots where they can get approved for federal rental subsidies, local rental subsidies, and where few get places into permanent housing.
RACE
TOTAL: 2,195
6% Multiracial 4% Uknown
41% White
Traci Reyes
105
COUNTY WIDE OUTREACH HELPED 20,305 HOMELESS PEOPLE 15% 55-61
36% Female 10% 62+ 12% Unknown
AGE
CURRENT CONDITIONS
TOTAL: 20,305
5% 18-24
1% Under 18
Transgender 2%
GENDER TOTAL: 20,305
57% 25-54
62% Male 19% Uknown 44% White
Multiracial 2%
RACE
Hawaiian 1%
TOTAL: 20,305
Indian 2% % Asian 1
31% Black
106
homeless.lacounty.gov/measure-h/
Strategy E6: County Wide Outreach Develops and implements a plan to leverage current outreach efforts and create a countywide network of street-based teams to identify, engage and connect, or re-connect with homeless individuals.
EMERGENCY SHELTERS PLACED 10,878 HOMELESS 12% 55-61
50% 25-54
43% Female 8% 62+
AGE
1% Unknown
TOTAL: 10,878
TOTAL: 10,878
20% Under 18
9% 18-24
CURRENT CONDITIONS
GENDER
Transgender 1%
56% Male
55% Black Strategy E8: Emergency Shelter Expands the supply of short-term, safe, continuously-open places to stay that have access to resources and services that facilitate quick exits from homelessness.
RACE
TOTAL: 10,878
sian 1% A ian 2% Ind 1% Hawaiian
3% Multirac
ial
5% 35% White Traci Reyes
Unk
now
n
107
PROPOSITION HHH
CURRENT CONDITIONS
PROVIDES A PLAN FOR SUPPORTIVE PERMANENT HOUSING
108
The Proposition HHH Permanent Supportive Housing Loan Program (Prop HHH) is designed to develop permanent supportive housing for homeless individuals and those at risk of homelessness throughout the City. In 2016, Los Angeles voters overwhelmingly voted for a $0.348 per square foot property tax which will fund the $1.2 billion measure. The program emphasis is on reducing homelessness by creating safe and affordable housing units, and increasing accessibility to a variety of necessary services and treatment programs.
nytimes.com/2017/09/29/us/
$1.2 Billion Bond
Help Fund Housing Units for the Homeless
Increase Property Tax
Create 10,000 Housing Units
Proposition HHH is putting the money towards:
Affordable housing for low-income people at risk of homelessness
Temporary shelters, storage, and shower facilities
Supportive housing specifically design for homeless and chronically homeless households
Associated infrastructure for constructed facilities such as sidewalks and utilites
UNSUPPORTIVE RESPONSE DELAYS HHH PROGRESS 1
3
Kade Brandon Traci Reyes
Voters: Elise Buik, President & CEO, United Way of Greater Los Angeles Gary Toebben, President & CEO, Los Angeles Area Chamber of Commerce Michael Albidrez, CEO Director, Skid Row Housing Trust Dr. Mitchell Katz, MD, Director, Los Angeles County Department of Health Services Richard Close, President, Sherman Oaks Homeowners Association Rusty Hicks, Executive Secretary-Treasurer, Los Angeles County Federation of Labor
People believe there isn’t enough money to finance the projects
REASON The people by the developments are the ones who didn’t vote for the plan, so, they are incompliant with the developments around them.
REASON Business owners not wanting the homeless to interfer e with their businesses.
24% No
VOTES 76% Yes
Non Voters: G. Rick Marshall, Chief Financial Officer, California Taxpayers Action Network Denny Schneider, Community Activist Jack Humpreville, Neighborhood Council Budget Advocate Mark Ryavec, Former Chief Deputy Assessor, Los Angeles County Assessor’s Office Jay Handal, Co-Chair, Citywide Budget Advocates Gary Aminoff, President, Alliance for Liberty
nytimes.com/homeless dailybreeze.com
CURRENT CONDITIONS
2
Influencial Voters and People Opposed
REASON
109
HHH
PROVIDES PERMANENT SUPPORTIVE HOUSING PSH units are for individuals and families who are homeless or chronically homeless.
90% SUCCESS RATE
CURRENT CONDITIONS
PSH is a permanent unit of safe, clean housing with on-site, wraparound services (mental and health/drug and alcohol services) that have resulted in local success rates surpassing 90%.
“The ultimate goal is to have every housing unit for PSH.�
Of the 1,726 units under development, 1,302 will be designed as PSH units
43%
1,726 units
1,302 units
110
hcidla.lacity.org/what-permanent-supportive-housing
75%
cheaper than leaving residents on the street
PSH UNITS
HHH AVERAGE UNIT MIX
25% Chronic units
PSH UNITS Permanent Supportive Housing for homeless people, on site services.
CURRENT CONDITIONS
OVER 1 YEAR CHRONIC UNITS Housing for people who have been homeless for over a year.
75% PSH units of HHH Projects
Each unit is roughly valued at $473,500 Kade Brandon
hcidla.lacity.org/hhh-list-projects
111
MAYOR GARCETTI DOUBLES HOMELESS FUNDING
$430M
$180M
2017-2018
2018-2019
CURRENT CONDITIONS
Total: $9.2 Billion
Total: $9.9 Billion
$9.02B Homeless Funding Remaining Budget
$9.47B
HOMELESS FUNDING BREAKDOWN $46M $70M
$77M
2017-2018 Total: $178M
$12M
$19M
$4.7M City Properties Crisis and Bridge Housing Fund General Fund (City Depts.) General Fund (LAHSA) HHH Facilities Special Funds HHH Housing 112
lamayor.org
$20M
$20M $238M
$29M
2018-2019 Total: $430M
$31M
$37M
$5M
Shelters Garcetti's budget proposal sets aside $13 million in continued support for the shelter and crisis housing, rapid re-housing and safe-parking programs run by the city-county housing authority. The funds would allow 800 winter shelter beds to remain available for an extra month, through March 2019. The city would spend an additional $5.4 million to expand and improve domestic violence shelters and to establish a pilot shelter for victims of human trafficking.
$13M Supports Shelter CURRENT CONDITIONS
$5.4 M for Domestic Violence Shelters
Operations About $4.7 million would be contributed to the homeless authority for administration, planning, the annual count and maintaining the homeless information and placement data systems. The city would spend an additional $1.1 million on administrative costs.
$4.7M to Homeless Authority
Health and Sanitation A collection of city programs would receive a total of $26 million for street cleanups and amenities to improve homeless health — up $7 million from the current year. These include Operation Healthy Streets, which provides restroom and bathing facilities and temporary storage on skid row, and a $5.4-million expansion of Clean Streets Los Angeles for homeless encampment cleanups around the city. Other new services would include a fast-response paramedic unit for downtown and MacArthur Park, and extra restroom cleaning services in heavily used parks.
Jakob Mier
$26M for Street Cleanups
$1.1M for Administrative Cost
$5.4M Expansion of Clean Streets Los Angeles
latimes.com/local
113
A BRIDGE HOME
SHELTERS WITH MORE AMENITIES AND SERVICES
CURRENT CONDITIONS
The Piolit "A Bridge Home" proposal is modeled after a pilot currently in development in El Pueblo, where trailers are being installed to shelter 45 homeless people on a former parking lot. That project cost about $2.4 million, including the tab for six months' worth of services. Shelters 45 Homeless People
6 motnhs of Services
$2.4 M Total
50-100 Beds per District
$1.33 M for New Projects
6 Months to Build New Shelters
$1.13 M for Sanitation Funding
Site Near High-density Homeless Population
Funding for More Projects The centerpiece of Garcetti's program is a $20-million fund to open shelters across the city. The mayor wants 50 to 100 beds in each council district by January. Each district would receive $1.33 million and have six months to build a shelter or forfeit the money to another district.
Sanitaion Funding To receive increased sanitation funding ($17-million, $1.13 million per district) for the area, each Councilmember must identify a site or building adjacent to a high-density homeless population, and create emergency bridge housing.
114
S
lamayor.org/ABridgeHome
CURRENT CONDITIONS 115 Jakob Mier
“Take the stones people throw at you, and use them to build a monument.”
02
SITE ANALYSIS
Ratan Tata
116
SITE ANALYSIS
SITES In the beginning, five sites were considered for homeless programs. Various physical conditions and zoning laws of the surrounding areas were analyzed. A more in depth study was conducted that dealt with aspects of transportation, resource availability, and demographics of the areas. The deciding factors for the sites came down to their location in relation to the homeless populations and shelters that were already in existence. Ultimately, two sites were chosen as the locations for further development.
117
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS
HC,VK,WL, H, NH
118
NORTH HOLLYWOOD
HOLLYWOOD WESTLAKE SITE ANALYSIS
VERMONT KNOLLS
HARBOR CITY 119
HARBOR CITY
SITE ANALYSIS
AERIAL VIEW
120
google.com/maps/ google.com/earth/
Neighborhood Information-
TOPOGRAPHY
Address of site: 1300 Block of S. Figueroa Place, Wilmington, CA
23’ 24’
Population per square mile: 9,127
30’
Harbor City: 2.58 square miles 23’
Area of the site: 118,200 square feet Street frontage: 477 ft The site located in the Wilmington location has a downward slope of about 9 feet in the North West direction. This is the largest of the sites, covering 118,200 square feet.
Leslie Davis Shelby Gifford
SITE ANALYSIS
Population: 26,040
31’
25’ 32’ 22’ 33’
31’
32’
neighborhoods.com-harbor city Harbor City profile-mapping L.A. maps.latimes.com
121
VERMONT KNOLLS
SITE ANALYSIS
AERIAL VIEW
122
google.com/maps/ google.com/earth/
Neighborhood Information-
TOPOGRAPHY
Address of site: South Hoover and 85th Street, Los Angeles, CA SITE ANALYSIS
Population: 21,568 Popuation per square mile: 18,057
125’
Vermont Knolls: 1.14 square miles
127’
126’
Area of the site: 48,200 square feet Street frontage: 690 ft 127’
The site located in Vermont Knolls is a flat site with no slope in any direction.
126’
127’
123’
Leslie Davis Shelby Gifford
neighborhoods.com maps.latimes.com
123
WESTLAKE
SITE ANALYSIS
AERIAL VIEW
124
google.com/maps/ google.com/earth/
Neighborhood Information-
TOPOGRAPHY
Address of site: South Park View Street and West 10th Street, Los Angeles, CA SITE ANALYSIS
Population: 117, 756 Population per square mile: 38,214
230’
Westlake: 2.72 square miles Area of the site: 33,000 square feet
272’
Street frontage: 375 ft 250’
The site located in Westlake has a downward slope to the south of about 9 feet. The area of this site is the smallest of all sites.
248’
260’ 252’
258’
251’ 221’
230’
Leslie Davis Shelby Gifford
neighborhoods.com maps.latimes.com
125
HOLLYWOOD
SITE ANALYSIS
AERIAL VIEW
google.com/maps/ google.com/earth/
126
google.com/maps/ google.com/earth/
Neighborhood Information-
TOPOGRAPHY
Address of site: 1526 Cassil Pl, Los Angeles, CA SITE ANALYSIS
Population: 85,489 Population per square mile: 22,193 Hollywood: 3.51 square miles Area of the site: 51,000 square feet
372’
364’ 364’
Street frontage: 280 ft
365’
The site located in Hollywood has a slight downward slope in the South West direction of about 4 feet.
363’ 361’ 349’
Leslie Davis Shelby Gifford
366’ 364’
362’
363’ 356’
neighborhoods.com maps.latimes.com
127
NORTH HOLLYWOOD
SITE ANALYSIS
AERIAL VIEW
128
Google Maps Google Earth
Neighborhood Information-
TOPOGRAPHY
Address of site: 11341 Chandler Blvd, North Hollywood, CA 91601 SITE ANALYSIS
Population: 77,848 Population per square mile: 13,246 North Hollywood: 5.87 square miles
632’
Area of the site: 50,000 square feet Street frontage: 802 ft The site located in North Holllywood is a generally flat site with no obvious slope.
622’
Leslie Davis Shelby Gifford
631’
630’
630’
629’
626’
neighborhoods.com maps.latimes.com
129
HARBOR CITY
IS LOCATED IN OPEN SPACE ZONING
SITE ANALYSIS
Zoning is the process of dividing land in a municipality into zones in which certain land uses are permitted or prohibited. The type of zone determines whether planning permission for a given development is granted. Zoning may specify a variety of outright and conditional uses of land. Scale: 0.04 Mi/200 Ft Zoning: Open Space (Subject to be changed by submitting a zone change application through the Board of Supervisors, the Regional Planning Commission, or more commonly, the individual property owners.) Zoning code: OS-1XL-O Value of Site: $ 0
Open Space Public Facilitis/Freeway General Commercial - Retail, wholesale, or service Medium Residential - Multiple family dwellings Low residential - One-family dwellings Parking Buffer 130
http://zimas.lacity.org/
Open Space Uses and Restrictions: 1. Parks and recreation facilities 2. Natural resource preserves 3. Marine and ecological preserves 4. Sanitary landfill 5. Public water supply reservoirs 6. Water conservation areas SITE ANALYSIS
Austin Parker
http://library.amlegal.com https://maps.assessor.lacounty.gov
131
VERMONT KNOLLS
IS LOCATED IN GENERAL COMOMERCIAL ZONING
SITE ANALYSIS
Scale: 0.04 Mi/200 Ft Zoning: General commercial Zoning code: CA-1VL [Q]C2-1 Value of Site: $ 2,835,325
Open Space Public Facilitis/Freeway General Commercial - Retail, wholesale, or service Medium Residential - Multiple family dwellings Low residential - One-family dwellings Parking Buffer 132
http://zimas.lacity.org/
Austin Parker
SITE ANALYSIS
Commercial Uses and Resrtictions: 1. Art or antique shop 2. Bird store, taxidermist, pet shop 3. Carpenter, plumbing or sheet metal shop 4. Catering shop 5. Feed and fuel store 6. Interior decorating or 7. upholstering shop 8. Sign painting shop 9. Tire shop 10. Restaurant 11. Front Yard – Not required 12. Side and Rear Yards – Not required for buildings erected and used exclusively for commercial purposes 13. For all portions of buildings erected and used for residential purposes, side and rear yard conforming to the requirements of the R4 Zone shall be provided and maintained at the floor level of the first story used in whole or in part for residential purposes 14. Lot Area – The lot area requirements of the R4 Zone shall apply to all portions of buildings used for residential purposes
http://library.amlegal.com https://maps.assessor.lacounty.gov
133
WESTLAKE
IS LOCATED IN MEDIUM RESIDENTIAL ZONING
SITE ANALYSIS
Scale: 0.04 Mi/200 Ft Zoning: Medium Residential Zoning code: R4-1 Value of Site: $ 3,853,258 - Sold 05/03/2018 for $ 7,322,573
Open Space Public Facilitis/Freeway General Commercial - Retail, wholesale, or service Medium Residential - Multiple family dwellings Low residential - One-family dwellings Parking Buffer 134
http://zimas.lacity.org/
Austin Parker
SITE ANALYSIS
Medium Residential Uses and Restrictions: 1. Shelter for the homeless with restrictions: 2. Shelter containing no more than 30 beds and designed to serve no more than 30 persons, unless within the Central City Community Plan area, any shelter for the homeless established pursuant to this subdivision needs to be at least 600 feet from another such shelter 3. Front Yard – Can’t be less than 15 feet; provided, however, that on key lots the minimum front yard shall be 10 feet 4. Side Yards – For a main building not more than two stores in height, there shall be a side yard on each side of said building of not less than five feet, except that where the lot is less than 50 feet in width, the side yard may be reduced to 10% of the width of the lot, but in no event to less than three feet in width. For a building more than two stories in height, one foot shall be added to the width of such side yard for each additional story above the second story, but in no event shall a side yard of more than 16 feet in width be required 5. Rear Yard – Can’t be less than 15 feet in depth. For a building more than three stories in height, one foot shall be added to the depth of such rear yard for each additional story above the third story, but such rear yard can’t exceed 20 feet 6. Lot Area – Every lot needs a minimum width of 50 feet and a minimum area of 5,000 square feet. The minimum lot area per dwelling unit will be 400 square feet
7.
The minimum lot area per guest room shall be 200 square feet
http://library.amlegal.com https://maps.assessor.lacounty.gov
135
HOLLYWOOD
IS LOCATED IN GENERAL COMMERCIAL ZONING
SITE ANALYSIS
Scale: 0.04 Mi/200 Ft Zoning: General Commercial Zoning code: C4-2D Value of Site: $1,339,455
Open Space Public Facilitis/Freeway General Commercial - Retail, wholesale, or service Medium Residential - Multiple family dwellings Low residential - One-family dwellings Parking Buffer http://zimas.lacity.org/
136
Austin Parker
SITE ANALYSIS
Commercial Uses and Restrictions: 1. Boxing arena 2. Games of skill and science 3. Merry-go-round, ferris wheel or carousel 4. Penny arcade 5. Shooting gallery 6. Skating rink 7. Strip tease show 8. Billiard or pool hall 9. Bowling alley 10. Carpenter shop 11. Circus or similar amusement 12. Baseball or football stadium. 13. Carpenter shop. 14. Circus or amusement enterprises of a similar type, transient in character. 15. Feed and fuel store. 16. Hospital or sanitarium. 17. Ice storage house. 18. Pawnshop. 19. Plumbing or sheet metal shop. 20. Pony riding ring. 21. Public services, including electric distributing substation 22. Gymnasiums, health clubs and other similar uses. 23. Public auctions, except those ordered by a Court of competent jurisdiction. 24. Front Yard. Not required. 25. Side and Rear Yards. Not required for buildings erected and used exclusively for commercial purposes. 26. For all portions of buildings erected and used for residential purposes, side and rear yards conforming to the requirements of the R4 Zone (Section 12.11-C,2 and 3) shall be provided and maintained at the floor level of the first story used for residential purposes. 27. Lot Area - The lot area requirements of the R4 Zone (Section 12.11-C,4) shall apply to all portions of buildings erected and used http://library.amlegal.com https://maps.assessor.lacounty.gov
137
NORTH HOLLYWOOD
IS LOCATED IN GENERAL COMMERCIAL ZONING
SITE ANALYSIS
Scale: 0.04 Mi/200 Ft Zoning: General Commercial Zoning code: C2-2D-CA Value of Site: $ 3,295,546
Open Space Public Facilitis/Freeway General Commercial - Retail, wholesale, or service Medium Residential - Multiple family dwellings Low residential - One-family dwellings Parking Buffer 138
http://zimas.lacity.org/
Austin Parker
SITE ANALYSIS
Commercial Uses and Resrtictions: 1. Art or antique shop 2. Bird store, taxidermist, pet shop 3. Carpenter, plumbing or sheet metal shop 4. Catering shop 5. Feed and fuel store 6. Interior decorating or 7. upholstering shop 8. Sign painting shop 9. Tire shop 10. Restaurant 11. Front Yard – Not required. 12. Side and Rear Yards – Not required for buildings erected and used exclusively for commercial purposes. 13. For all portions of buildings erected and used for residential purposes, side and rear yard conforming to the requirements of the R4 Zone shall be provided and maintained at the floor level of the first story used in whole or in part for residential purposes 14. Lot Area – The lot area requirements of the R4 Zone shall apply to all portions of buildings used for residential purposes
http://library.amlegal.com https://maps.assessor.lacounty.gov
139
HARBOR CITY
IS OPEN AND PUBLICLY OWNED LAND
SITE ANALYSIS
Foot Area Ratio is the ratio of abuilding’s total floor area to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built. The floor area ratio of Harbor City site is 2, that means that it can have 2 stories in 100%, 4 stories over 50% and 8 stories over 25% equal to the buildable area.
140
zimas.lacity.org/
Site 1 is located on Harbor City. It is part of area (ZI 1195) Zone Map which is Open Land and Public Owned Land. For the use of this site it is necessary that its zoning changes to Zoning R3-1VL. A VL district is a Very Limited height district. Buildings in this area shall not exceed forty-five feet height.
WESTLAKE
IS AN R4-1 MULTIPLE DWELLING ZONE
WestLake site is in a R4-1 Multiple Dwellig zone . This site has a non-applicable RFA. It does not have a streetscape. The General Plan Use is Highway Oriented Commercal. Its zoning says that buildings in this area shall not exceed three times the buildable area.
zimas.lacity.org/
SITE ANALYSIS
Vésua Teixeira
Area: A building shall not be erected unless the following yards and lots are provide: There shall be a front yard not less than 15 feet. Side yard shall not be less than 5 feet. There shall be a rear yard of not less than 15 feet. Lot area is the area of parcel land. Every lot shall have 5,000 ft². The maximum lot per dwelling unit shall be 800 ft².
141
ZONING RESTRICTIONS FOR PARKING
SITE ANALYSIS
P
142
PROJECTS in EZ’s, may utilize a lower parking ratio for commercial office, business, retail, restaurant, bar and related uses, trade schools, or research and development buildings. This increasing the buildable area of the parcel which is critical in older areas of the City where parcels are small. The parking regulations for Residential uses are divide in 4 categories: Single- Family Dwelling (SFD), Two -Family Dwelling or Apartment, Hotel or Boarding House, and las Condominiums.
zimas.lacity.org/
ZONE
1
1L
1VL
1XL
2
3
4
C2
No Limit (in feet)
75’
45’
30’
No Limit (in feet)
No Limit (in feet)
No Limit (in feet)
R4-1
No Limit (in feet)
75’
45’
30’
No Limit (in feet)
No Limit (in feet)
No Limit (in feet)
C2-2D-CA
No Limit (in feet)
75’
45’
30’
No Limit (in feet)
No Limit (in feet)
No Limit (in feet)
C4-2D
No Limit (in feet)
75’
45
30’
No Limit (in feet)
No Limit (in feet)
No Limit (in feet)
OS-1XL-O
METRO RAIL ROUTES
IN LOS ANGELES
Main Destination of Railways Purple Metro Line Wilshire/Western to Union Station (6.4 Miles) Gold Metro Line East Los Angeles to Azusa (31 Miles) Red Metro Line North Hollywood to Union Station (16.4 Miles) Blue Metro Line Downtown Long Beach to 7th Street/ Metro Center (22 Miles) Green Metro Line Redondo Beach to Norwalk (20 Miles) Expo Metro Line Downtown Santa Monica to 7th Street/ Metro Center (15.1 Miles) SITE ANALYSIS
Railway Price and Ridership Information Total estimated ridership of the Metro Railway last year, 2017, was 112,783,075 people. An average of 358,016 people use the railway on a weekday. One way fair is $1.75, weekly pass is $25, and monthly pass is $100, which is the same price as the bus.
Purple Bus Line Gold Bus Line Red Bus Line Blue Bus Line Green Bus Line Expo Bus Line Courteney Kemp
media.metro.net/documents/
143
METRO BUSWAY ROUTES IN THE SURROUNDING AREA
Arlington
SITE ANALYSIS
Crenshaw
Avalon
Wilmington
Vermont
Western
Sepulveda
Lomita
Pacific Coast Hwy
ey Gaff
Harbor Fwy
Anaheim St
Harry Bridges
General Bus Information: The average amount of people who ride the bus during the weekday is 20,069,064 with a total of 24,128,752 including the weekend. Through the Immediate Needs Transportation Program residents with limited respurces, transportation needs in Los Angeles are funded by the Metro.
Metro Local and Limited Metro Express Metro Rapid Metro Shuttles and Circulators Municipal Bus Operator 144
media.metro.net/documents/
Su
Western
tB
lvd
Wilshire
Broadway
Vermont
Western
Manchester
Olympic
Venice Century
ad wa
y
Crenshaw
Vermont
nse
SITE ANALYSIS
Bro
Imperial Hwy
Metro Bus Information: All bus lines travel the same path to and fromthe starting location, some making the block at the end to turn around. Oxnard Vineland
Each bus line has a sharing stop with another route to get to a futher destination.
Hollywood
Burbank Santa Monica
Courteney Kemp
Western
There are multiple buses that serve a certain bus line, meaning that one color does not serve the purpose of only one bus at a time.
Magnolia
Laurel Cyn
Bus Line Description: Municipal Bus Operators are bus services owned by the local government authority.
Wilshire
Ventu ra
media.metro.net/documents/
145
VEHICLE TRAFFIC
IN THE SURROUNDING AREA
Harbor City’s has the least amount of heavy traffic but it sustains a consistent flow of traffic.
1 mi. radius
Avalon
0.25 mi. radius Pacific Coast Hwy
Harbor Fwy
Western
SITE ANALYSIS
0.5 mi. radius
Wilmington
Lomita
Anaheim St
Light Traffic Heavy Traffic 146
google.com/maps
Vermont Knolls is one of the busiest sites. This is also the only site were the traffic flow on opposite sides of the highway does not match.
0.5 mi. radius
Vermont
lva rad oS t
0.25 mi. radius
SA
Harbor Fwy
0.25 mi. radius
Westlake has a heavier traffic flow. Its main roads have a constant flow of traffic along with its side roads.
Vermont
North Hollywood has a balanced traffic site as well. Its mainstreets have the heaviest traffic and its highways mainting a constant speed.
Venice
Hoover St
Olympic
W Manchester Ave
S Hoover St
Hollywood is the busiest site, therefore they have the worst traffic.
0.5 mi. radius
0.5 mi. radius
0.25 mi. radius
0.25 mi. radius
SITE ANALYSIS
0.5 mi. radius
Vineland
N Highland Ave
Burbank
Sunset Blvd
Chelsea Johnson
Tujunga Ave
wy
F od
wo
lly Ho
Ivar Ave
Magnolia
google.com/maps
147
BIKE LANES
IN THE SURROUNDING AREA
Harbor City has the most bike lanes out of all five sites, even though Los Angeles is considered to not be bike friendly.
1 mi. radius
Avalon
0.25 mi. radius Pacific Coast Hwy
Harbor Fwy
Western
SITE ANALYSIS
0.5 mi. radius
Wilmington
Lomita
Anaheim St
Bike Routes Lanes 148
dpw.lacounty.gov/pdd/bike/map.cfm
Vermont Knolls has no bike lanes. It only has routes, and routes are not designated lanes. They only show were bikes are able to ride.
lva rad oS t
0.25 mi. radius
SA
0.25 mi. radius
Vermont
Harbor Fwy
Westlakee is the least bike friendly and offers the least amount of bike lanes and routes.
Venice
0.25 mi. radius
0.25 mi. radius
Burbank
Vineland
0.5 mi. radius
SITE ANALYSIS
0.5 mi. radius
N Highland Ave
Vermont
North Hollywood does not have very many bike friendly streets and only has three bike lanes.
Hoover St
Olympic
W Manchester Ave
S Hoover St
Hollywood is the site with the most bike routes. Its site has no bike lanes, and because of the heavy traffic is not bike friendly at all.
0.5 mi. radius
0.5 mi. radius
Sunset Blvd
wy
Chelsea Johnson
Tujunga Ave
dF
oo llyw
Ho
Ivar Ave
Magnolia
dpw.lacounty.gov/pdd/bike/map
149
PUBLIC RESOURCES
LOCATED IN THE SURROUNDING AREA 1 mi. radius
Wilmington
7 0 0
Harbor City inlcudes a total of seven schools. It does not have any libraries or recreational centers wihin its one-mile radius.
y
Avalon
0.25 mi. radius Western
Pacific coast Hw
Harbor Fwy
SITE ANALYSIS
0.5 mi. radius
Anheim St
School Libraries Recreational Centers 150
hmaps.latimes.com/neighborhoods/
0.25 mi. radius
11 2 0
lva rad oS t
0.25 mi. radius
Vermont
SA
9 0 0
0.5 mi. radius
Harbor Fwy
Olympic
W Manchester Ave
Vermont
Hollywood has a total of five schools within its half-mile radius. It has two recreational centers, the most out of all sites, and no libraries.
Venice
Hoover St
Westlake has eleven schools, the most out of any site, in its half-mile raius. It also inlcudes two libraries and no recreational centers. Its importatn to consider how the number of schools in the area could affect people views on a shelter being built.
0.5 mi. radius
S Hoover St
Vermont Knolls has a total of nine schools within its half-mile radius and does not include any libraries or recreational centers.
0.5 mi. radius
0.5 mi. radius
5 0 2
SITE ANALYSIS
North Hollywood has three schools within its half-mile radius, two libraries, and one recreational center.
3 2 1
0.25 mi. radius
N Highland Ave
0.25 mi. radius
Vineland
Burbank
od
wo Fw
Tujunga Ave
Magnolia lly Ho
Ivar Ave
Sunset Blvd
y
Trinity Smith Sommer Page
hmaps.latimes.com/neighborhoods/
151
HEALTH RESOURCES
LOCATED IN THE SURROUNDING AREA
Harbor City has one hospital, one health clinic, and six pharmacies in its surrounding area. The majority are over a halfmile from the site.
1 mi. radius
Wilmington
1 1 6
0.25 mi. radius y
Avalon
SITE ANALYSIS
Western
0.5 mi. radius
Harbor Fwy
Pacific coast Hw
Anheim St
Hospitals Health Clinics Pharmacies 152
google.com/earth/
2 11 8
0.25 mi. radius
Vermont
0.25 mi. radius
Olympic
Venice
0 2 4
0.25 mi. radius
lva rad o SA
0.25 mi. radius Burbank
Sunset Blvd
od
wo Fw
Tujunga Ave
Magnolia lly Ho
Ivar Ave
N Highland Ave
SITE ANALYSIS
0.5 mi. radius
0.5 mi. radius
1 2 4
Hoover St
St
W Manchester Ave
Hollywood includes a total of one hospital, two health clinics, and four pharmacies all within relative walking distances. North Hollywood has a total of two health clinics and four pharmacies. Atleast two are located within a quarter-mile of the site.
Harbor Fwy
0 7 1
S Hoover St
Westlake has the most hospitals, health clinics, and pharmacies in its surrounding areas. It’s numbers total up to be two hospitals, eleven health clinics, and eight pharmacies. They are all withing relative walking distance of the site and would be beneficial to shelters entering the area.
0.5 mi. radius
0.5 mi. radius
Vermont
Vermont Knolls has no hospitals, but does have seven health clinics and one pharmacy in its halfmile radius.
y
Trinity Smith Sommer Page
google.com/earth/
153
AMENITIES
LOCATED IN THE SURROUNDING AREA
Harbor City has a total of three grocery stores, one post office, and one park in its one-mile radius. All of them are located outside of the sites halfmile radius.
1 mi. radius
Wilmington
3 1 1
Avalon
0.25 mi. radius y
Pacific coast Hw
Harbor Fwy
Western
SITE ANALYSIS
0.5 mi. radius
Anheim St
Grocery Stores Post Office Parks 154
google.com/earth/
0.5 mi. radius
0.25 mi. radius
Olympic
W Manchester Ave
Venice
lva rad o SA
Hoover St
Vermont
St
Hollywood has a total of five grocery stores, two post offices, and one park (the same number as Westlake). Hollywood has more of these resources accessible within its quarter-mile radius than any other site.
SITE ANALYSIS
North Hollywood shares the same number of resources as Wilmington and Vermont Knolls: three grocery stores, one post office, and one park. The site does have a post office located right across the stree from it.
0.25 mi. radius
Vermont
Westlake includes five grocery stores, two post offices, and one park in its surrounding area. Two of the grocery stores are located withing the quarter-mile radius of the site.
5 2 1
Harbor Fwy
3 1 1
0.5 mi. radius
S Hoover St
Vermont Knolls has a total of three grocery stores, one post office, and one park (the same number as Wilmington). One grocery store is located next to the site.
0.5 mi. radius
0.5 mi. radius
5 2 1
3 1 1 0.25 mi. radius
0.25 mi. radius N Highland Ave
Burbank
Sunset Blvd
Fw
Tujunga Ave
od wo
lly Ho
Ivar Ave
Magnolia
y
Trinity Smith Sommer Page
google.com/earth/
155
CHURCHES AND SHELTERS
LOCATED IN THE SURROUNDING AREA
Harbor City has the second most churches, 11, and does not have any shelters or organizations in its surrounding area. Two of the churches are relatively close to the site and are located just outside of its quarter mile radius.
1 mi. radius
Wilmington
11 0
Avalon
0.25 mi. radius y
Pacific coast Hw
Harbor Fwy
Western
SITE ANALYSIS
0.5 mi. radius
Anheim St
Churches Shelters/Organizations 156
google.com/earth/
0.5 mi. radius
16 1 Harbor Fwy
10 3 0.25 mi. radius
0.25 mi. radius
Vermont
Westlake has the most churches out of all the sites (16) and only has one shelter/organization in its surrounding area. One of Westlake’s churches are located within the quarter-mile radius of the site along with an organization.
Olympic
Venice
lva rad o SA
Vermont
Hoover St
St
W Manchester Ave
SITE ANALYSIS
Hollywood has the most shelters/organizations (five) and only two churches. Hollywood includes one church and two organizations/shelters within its quarter-mile radius. North Hollywood has six churches and no shelters/ organizations. Only one church is located by the sites quarter-mile radius.
0.5 mi. radius
S Hoover St
Vermont Knolls includes a total of 10 churches and has the second-most shelters/orgainizations. Four of the churches in Vermont Knolls are positioned within a quarter-mile radius of the site.
0.5 mi. radius
0.5 mi. radius
2 5
6 0 0.25 mi. radius
0.25 mi. radius N Highland Ave
Burbank
Sunset Blvd
Trinity Smith Sommer Page
Tujunga Ave
wy
dF
oo
llyw
Ho
Ivar Ave
Magnolia
google.com/earth/
157
DISPENSARIES AND LIQUOR LOCATED IN THE SURROUNDING AREA
Harbor City has a total of six liquor stores/bars and one dispensary in its surrounding area. (The same amount as North Hollywood.) All are located outside of its halfmile radius.
1 mi. radius
Wilmington
1 6
Avalon
0.25 mi. radius y
Pacific coast Hw
Harbor Fwy
Western
SITE ANALYSIS
0.5 mi. radius
Anheim St
Dispensaries Liquor Stores/Bars 158
google.com/earth/
0.5 mi. radius
2 4
0 1 0.25 mi. radius
0.25 mi. radius
Vermont
Westlake has a total of four liquor stores and two dispensaries in its surrounding area. .All of the are located outside of its quarter-mile radius.
0.5 mi. radius
Harbor Fwy
Vermont Knolls has no dispensaries and only one liquor store/bar in it s half mile radius.
Hollywood has a total of two dispensaries and two liquor stores/bars. The two dispensaries and one bar are located just outside of its quarter-mile radius.
Olympic
lva rad o SA
0.5 mi. radius
0.5 mi. radius
2 2
Hoover St
Vermont
Venice
SITE ANALYSIS
North Hollywood includes a total of one dispensary and has the most numbber of liquor stores/ bars. Only two of the bars are located alongside its quarter-mile radius and the rest are farther out.
S Hoover St
St
W Manchester Ave
1 6 0.25 mi. radius
N Highland Ave
0.25 mi. radius
Burbank
Sunset Blvd
Tujunga Ave
dF
oo llyw
Ho
Ivar Ave
Magnolia
wy
Trinity Smith Sommer Page
google.com/earth/
159
LAHSA SHELTERS LOCATED NEARBY
U.S. VETERAN INITIATIVE 733 S. Hindry Ave., Inglewood, CA 90301 Catholic Charities INC 1368 Oregon Ave. Long each, CA 90813
SITE ANALYSIS
Catholic Charities INC 2 1301 W. 12th St., Long Beach, CA 90813
Shelters 0.25 mile radius 0.5 mile radius 1 mile radius 3 mile radius 5 mile radius 160
ahsa.org/documents
First To Serve 1718 W. Vernon, Los Angeles, CA 90062 Home At Last 4920 S. Avalon Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90011 Special Services For Groups Family Solutions Center 5849 Crocker St., Los Angeles, CA 90037 Access Center 5715 S. Broadway, Los Angeles, CA 90037 Catholic Charities 1640 Rockwood St., Los Angeles, CA 90026 and 267 Belmont Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90026 Midnight Mission 601 S. San Pedro St., Los Angeles, CA 90014 SITE ANALYSIS
Weingart Center Association 566 S. San Pedro St., Los Angeles, CA, 90013 Jovenes, INC. 1208 Pleasant Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033 Catholic Charities 1640 Rockwood St., Los Angeles, CA 90026 and 267 Belmont Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90026 Midnight Mission 601 S. San Pedro St., Los Angeles, CA 90014 Weingart Center Association 566 S. San Pedro St., Los Angeles, CA, 90013 Jovenes, INC. 1208 Pleasant Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033 Los Angeles Family Housing 7843 Lankershim Blvd North Hollywood, CA 91605 The Village Family Services 6801 Coldwater Canyon 1E, North Hollywood 91605
Corey Evans Jr. Tyler Thomas Trinity Smith
ahsa.org/documents
161
HOMELESS DENSITY IN RELATION TO THE SITES
SITE ANALYSIS
Individuals:3 Tents/Makeshift Shelters:17 Vehicles:2
Individuals Tents/Makeshift Shelter Vehicles 162
graphics.latimes.com/homeless-los-angeles-2015/
Individuals:72 Tents/Makeshift Shelters:16 Vehicles:60 Individuals:360 Tents/Makeshift Shelters:150 Vehicles:135 Individuals:301 Tents/Makeshift Shelters:17 Vehicles:70 Individuals:49 Tents/Makeshift Shelters:4 Vehicles:106
SITE ANALYSIS
Trinity Smith Abigail White
graphics.latimes.com/homeless-los-angeles-2015/
163
LATINOS
REPRESENT THE LARGEST ETHNIC GROUP 26,040
Across all five sites Latinos are the largest percentage of the population. Westlake with the largest percentage of lations and the largest population across all five sites.
SITE ANALYSIS
21,568
117,756
Latino White 85,489
Asian African American Other
87,241
5,000 PEOPLE 164
maps.latimes.com
RENTAL UNITS
ARE THE MOST COMMON FORM OF HOUSING Sites with a larger percent of owner occupied properties might be more resistant toward a shelter being built in the neighborhood. Sites with more rent properties offer the homeless from the shelter opportunity once out of the shelter. Harbor City and Holltwood sites have a greater percentage of rent properties.
Owner Occupied
27.9% 45.6%
54.4% SITE ANALYSIS
72.1%
Rent
5.1%
7.6%
24.6%
92.4%
Abigail White
94.9%
75.4%
maps.latimes.com
165
YOUNGER GENERATIONS REPRESENT THE LARGEST DEMOGRAPHIC
25%
SITE ANALYSIS
25%
50%
65 or older 50 - 64 35 - 49 19 - 34 11 - 18 10 or younger
166
maps.latimes.com
50%
65 or older 50 - 64 35 - 49 19 - 34 11 - 18 10 or younger
Younger generations seem to be more sympathetic to those less fortunate. These graphs show five age groups ranging from “less than 10” to “older than 65”. The site with the highest number of young people will probably show the most cooperation and acceptance with a homeless shelter in their neighborhood. Based on the graphs and their respective populations Westlake seems to be the youngest neighborhood which, as stated above, may prove to be the most cooperative and accepting neighborhood of the five.
25%
25%
25%
65 or older 50 - 64 35 - 49 19 - 34 11 - 18 10 or younger
Abigail White Logan Blandino
50%
50%
65 or older 50 - 64 35 - 49 19 - 34 11 - 18 10 or younger
SITE ANALYSIS
50%
65 or older 50 - 64 35 - 49 19 - 34 11 - 18 10 or younger
maps.latimes.com
167
HOUSEHOLD INCOME DIFFERS ACROSS SITES
25%
SITE ANALYSIS
25%
168
50%
50%
maps.latimes.com
126K OR MORE 61K -125K 41K - 60K 21K - 40K
126K OR MORE 61K -125K 41K - 60K 21K - 40K
20K OR LESS
20K OR LESS
In direct correlation with the younger generations, the poorer neighborhoods would also seem to be more sympathetic to those less fortunate, seeing as most of them would fit into the less fortunate category. These graphs show 5 household income groups ranging from “less than $20,000” to “more than $125,000”. The site with the poorest residents will probably show the most cooperation and acceptance with a homeless shelter in their neighborhood. Based on the graphs and their respective populations Westlake also seems to be the poorest neighborhood which, as stated above, may prove it to be the most cooperative and accepting neighborhood overall.
25%
25%
25%
Abigail White Logan Blandino
50%
126K OR MORE 61K -125K 41K - 60K 21K - 40K
126K OR MORE 61K -125K 41K - 60K 21K - 40K
20K OR LESS
20K OR LESS
50%
SITE ANALYSIS
50%
126K OR MORE 61K -125K 41K - 60K 21K - 40K 20K OR LESS
maps.latimes.com
169
EDUCATION LEVELS
ARE CONSISTENTLY LOW
25%
SITE ANALYSIS
25%
50%
Masters Degree Bachelor’s Degree Some College High School Diploma Less than High School
170
maps.latimes.com
50%
Masters Degree Bachelor’s Degree Some College High School Diploma Less than High School
In direct correlation with the poorer neighborhoods, the less educated neighborhoods would seem to be more likely to end up unable to afford housing due to the education demand of most jobs. These graphs show 5 ducation groups ranging from “less than high school” to “master’s degree or more”. The site with the less educated residents will probably be the most in need of a homeless shelter in their neighborhood. Based on the graphs and their respective populations Westlake also seems to be the east educated neighborhood whichwould put it at the youngest, poorest, and least educated of the 5 sites.
25%
25%
Masters Degree Bachelor’s Degree Some College High School Diploma Less than High School
Abigail White Logan Blandino
50%
Masters Degree Bachelor’s Degree Some College High School Diploma Less than High School
50%
SITE ANALYSIS
50%
25%
Masters Degree Bachelor’s Degree Some College High School Diploma Less than High School
maps.latimes.com
171
ASSAULT AND THEFT
ARE AMONG THE MOST COMMON CRIMES 3.1%
29.7%
3.1%
VIOLENT
1.5%
Vermont Knolls and Hollywood have the highest crime rate in the last 6 months. Harbor City has the lowest crime rate. Aggravated assault, theft from vehicle, and robbery are the three most comitted crimes across all five sites.
38.7%
Homicide Robbery Rape Aggravated assault
67.2% 13.6%
23.6% 35.8%
33.6% 21.7%
PROPERTY
SITE ANALYSIS
56.7%
Theft from vehicle Grand theft auto Theft Burglary
24% 16.6%
328.3 Crimes per
CRIME RATE
112.5 Crimes per
31.1%
In the last six months.
172
maps.latimes.com
In the last six months.
5,000 people
1.8%
0.4%
3%
7%
1.8%
4.6%
45.2% 31.8%
46.4% 50%
46.2%
10.7%
36.7% 34.3%
44.6%
36.7%
35.4%
15.5%
152.5 Crimes per
In the last six months.
Abigail White
SITE ANALYSIS
61.8% 8.5%
12.5%
10.2%
39.6%
15.4%
271.7 Crimes per
154.9 Crimes per
In the last six months.
In the last six months.
maps.latimes.com
173
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL SITES Property Cost
Zone Appropriate & Sqaure Footage
Walkability
Crime Rates
Density of Homelessness
12.33
160 crimes per 10,000 people
35
16.67
328.3 crimes per 10,000 people
148
17.17
152.2 crimes per 10,000 people
645
18.83
271.7 crimes per 10,000 people
388
15.83
154.9 crimes per 10,000 people
159
SITE ANALYSIS
118,200 sq ft
48,200 sq ft
33,000 sq ft
51,000 sq ft
50,000 sq ft
174
Health Centers & Pharmacies
Other Shelters/ Organizations
Religious Institutions
Schools
Bus Stops
Parks & Recreational Centers
Grocery Stores
Liquor Stores & Dispensaries
SITE ANALYSIS
Shelby Gifford
175
HARBOR CITY’S VIEWS
SITE ANALYSIS
LOOKING TOWARD SITE
4
3 4
3
2 2
1 1 176
google.com/maps/ google.com/earth/
HARBOR CITY’S VIEWS LOOKING AWAY FROM SITE
SITE ANALYSIS
4
3 4 3
2
2
1
1 Leslie Davis Shelby Gifford
www.google.com/maps/ google.com/earth/
177
WESTLAKE’S VIEWS LOOKING TOWARD SITE
2
3
SITE ANALYSIS
1
4
2
3
11
4
5
5
178
google.com/maps/ google.com/earth/
WESTLAKE’S VIEWS LOOKING AWAY FROM SITE
3
4
5 3
2
SITE ANALYSIS
4 5 6
1 7 2
1 Leslie Davis
8
8
6
7
google.com/maps/ google.com/earth/
179
HARBOR CITY
AND ITS CRIME
Harbor City’s property crime is almost as high as Westlake’s, while they only list three total violent crimes.
1 mi. radius
Wilmington
15 3
Avalon
0.25 mi. radius y
Pacific coast Hw
Harbor Fwy
Western
SITE ANALYSIS
0.5 mi. radius
Anheim St
Property Crime Violent Crime 180
google.com/earth/
WESTLAKE
AND ITS CRIME West Lake currently has the highest property crime (18) and violent crime (13) out of both areas.
0.5 mi. radius
18 13
Vermont
0.25 mi. radius
SITE ANALYSIS
lva rad oS t SA
Hoover St
Olympic
Venice
Trinity Smith Sommer Page
google.com/earth/
181
WIND AND TEMPERATURE IN LOS ANGELES
Annual Wind Rose (Frequency Distribution) N
N NNW
25%
NNE
20%
NW
NNW NE
SITE ANALYSIS
ENE
4 knots E
0%
WSW
ESE
SW
SE
Wind Speed (Knots) 11+ 9-10 7-9 6-7 4-6 3-4 1-3 0-1 Radial scale is % of time 182
S
SSE
The wind roses show the wind direction of the Los Angeles area. The direction of the wind is coming from the northnortheastern direction and averages at 11+ knots.
Autodesk, Revit 2017, Energy Analysis Climate Data: Los Angeles
ENE
8 knots
WNW
5%
SSW
NE
12 knots
10%
W
NNE
16 knots
NW
15% WNW
20 knots
E
0 knots
W
WSW
ESE
SW
SE
Annual Wind Rose (Frequency Distribution) SSW
The wind roses show the wind frequency of the Los Angeles area. The frequency is about 1-59 hours in the westsouthwestern direction.
SSE S
Wind Frequency (hrs) 177-236 177-236 177-236 177-236
PRECIPITATION AND HUMIDY IN LOS ANGELES
These are charts with infomation on the monthly design data for Los Angeles. The first chart shows humidity graph, indicting the morning average humidity is 60% while the afternoon average is around 40-50 %. The weather in Los Angeles is is quite comforatable.
Monthly Design Data
The second chart shows weather averages for Los Angeles, The graph show the difference between dry buld ,wet bulb temperature and direct solar, diffuse solar . Dry bulb is temperature at 0% humidity and wet bulb is temperature at 100% humidity. The graph shows a drastic change between both conditions.
Afternoon average Full Range
Humidity
Temperature- Dry Bulb (°F) Direct solar (Btu/hr/ft²)
Sommer Page
SITE ANALYSIS
Morning Average Mean daily range
Temperature- Wet Bulb (°F) Diffuse Solar (Btu/hr/ft²)
Autodesk, Revit 2017, Energy Analysis Climate Data: Los Angeles
183
HARBOR CITY
WIND SPEED AND FREQUENCY
N
360째
16.5
NW
13.2
NE
10%
9.9
5%
SITE ANALYSIS
6.6 3.3
E 270째
W
SE
SW S 2-5
184
29% calm
Wind Speed [mph] 5-7 7-10 10-15
mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/sites/windrose
180째 15-20
20+
90째
The wind roses show the wind direction and frequency of the Harbor City area. The direction of the wind is coming from the north-west and averages at 9.4 miles per hour while the frequency is 290 hours in the north-western direction.
WESTLAKE
WIND SPEED AND FREQUENCY N
360째
3.2
NW
2.5
10%
NE
1.9
5%
1.3
W
The wind roses show the wind direction and frequency of the Westlake area. The direction of the wind is coming from the west and averages at 1.1miles per hour while the frequency is 270 hours in the norwestern direction.
E 270째
S
180째
Wind Speed [mph]
Sommer Page
90째
SE
SW
2-5
33% calm
SITE ANALYSIS
0.6
5-7
7-10
10-15
15-20
20+
mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/sites/windrose
185
HARBOR CITY
AND THE EFFECT OF MICROCLIMATES
Augus t
71 m
ph
46
6. 9
N
8.
4
°F
9.5
b Fe
rch y r ua
Ma
Ap
August
m .p .h D e ce mb No er ve mb er Oc tob er emb er
5
.04 July
ber
.13 August
er
tob
.23 Sept em
.48
3.6
er er
mb
ve
No
Oc
es
ce
mb
in ch
De
9 1.2 4
6.6
1.9
7.5
h
8.8
24
10.1
intellicast.com
.07 June May .26 ril Ap rch y .73 Ma ar bu ry Fe a 9 nu 2.7 Ja 2 3.2
Sept
186
10.8
r
me
m Su 5m
July
12h 8m
h5
11.1
Fall
12
June
Harbor City
10.8
ril
Winter
May
g
10.6
9h 55m
10.3
y
ar
Ja nu
r
be
em
De c
er
mb
ov e
er
tob
Oc
ber
Sep tem
rin
20
67
50
57
61
ry
SITE ANALYSIS
62
75
79
61
June
ry
ua
Sp
78
78
July
May
ua
n Ja
rch
b Fe
il
Apr
Ma
46
50
m
58
55
51
49
48
0
h8
75
72
71 68 67
66
10
12
The diagram below shows a collection of annual wather information that affected Harbor City.The diagram shows factors like temperature, wind speed, precipatation, and sun light duration. The diagram show that because of the site's close proximity to the Pacific Coast, the winds are slightly stronger and the temperature is slightly cooler. Both Harbor City and Westlake tend to get most of their precipitation during Feburary.
WESTLAKE
AND THE EFFECT OF MICROCLIMATES
58
July
Augus
84
96
57
75 67
49
ph
1.
m
°F
1
Ja n
ry
ua
1.1 May ril Ap 1.6 h c r y ril Ma ar Ap bu 1.4 Fe 4 1.
r
be
em
De c
r
July
Westlake
August
Fall
1.1 m .p .h De .9 ce mb No er ve .8 mb er Oc tob er .8 emb er
n 5i
3 3.8
.01 July
1.2
.15 August
In
De c
2.3 8
h 24 Sommer Page
ch es em 9 N b er ov em be .62 O r cto ber .24 Septe mbe r
6m
h2
4.4
er
mm
Su
ne .07 Ju May .32 ril Ap 8 8 rch y . Ma ar bu ry Fe a nu 3.6 Ja
Sept
12h 8m
14
.9
Winter
1.1
g
June
rin
1.1
Sp
SITE ANALYSIS
46
42 be
em
No v
er
tob
Oc
t
ber
Sep tem
June
May
rch
ry
ua
ry
n Ja
ua
b Fe
il
Apr
Ma
40
m
20
55
42 41
50
h8
9h 53m
92
95
53
45
49
72 70
0
68
10
12
89
81
78
The diagram below shows a collection of annual wather information that affected Westlake.The diagram shows factors like temperature, wind speed, precipatation, and sun light duration. The diagram show that because of the site's location within downtown and a dense population. the temperature is slightly warmer compared to Harbor City.lBoth Harbor City and Westlake tend to get most of their precipitation during Feburary.
intellicast.com
187
MICROCLIMATES EFFECTS ON WEATHER The Harbor City site microclimate is a warm mediterranean climate. The city is closer to the Pacific Coast, creating more pleasent breezes and temperatures.
The Westlake cite’s microclimate is temperate mediterranean; this results in warmer temperature and mild winters. Westlake is in a more urban area of Califonia. 341
SITE ANALYSIS
Na Su et al . / P rocedi a E ngi neer i ng 169 ( 2016) 340 – 349
Rapid urbanization process, the urban activity intensifies, bring urban haze, urban heat island urban climate phenomena, the living environment of the city and comfort effect, change the urban scale and mesoscale flow field structure, thereby affecting the transformation of air pollution and conveying process [1]. 2. Methods
Rural Area
City
2.1. Urban Heat Island and urban ventilation
Urban heat island refers to when the urban development to a certain scale, due to the urban nature of the pad surface changes, atmospheric pollution and artificial waste heat emissions the city temperature was higher than that in suburban [2], causing air rises in the city, sank in the suburbs, air in the suburbs to the urban area of low pressure filling, forming urban heat island circulation phenomenon. In the circulation of urban heat island, the underlying surface condition of the city determines Heat the characteristics of the urban atmospheric physical environment, see Fig. absorption 1.
and retention
Greater
Less Plant transpiration and water evaporation from the soil Fig. 1. Section analysis of typical urban heat island.
188
intellicast.com/ land8.com/
The cause of urban heat island effect is closely related to urban activities, urban construction environment and landscape, and the positive correlation between the urban heat island effect and urban population size and wind speed is very obvious. Water Urban ventilation corridor, is the use of wind characteristics, from the ventilation system, under the effect of penetration wind pressure, the city suburb of fresh air into the city, urban carbon oxygen balance, adjust the microclimate. According to the German Kress professor in accordance with the laws of local circulation operation proposed underlying surface climate function evaluation standard, and the underlying surface points for function space, compensation space and the air guide channel [3]. Urban new district plays an important role in the development of the city, and it is also a typical representative of the quality and level of the new urbanization construction. Urbanization increases the occurrence of urban heat island, and under the action of large scale wind field, the temperature of the City suburb also rises obviously. In the
The diagram below shows the effects urban island heat in a city with high population density. Due to the lack on heat emissions and air polutionswith in a city, the breathable quality of the air can be poor in densly populated area. A beneifiet of staying in a rural area is there is more opprotunity for designing susstainable buildings that will not result in the heat island effect.
Sommer Page
SITE ANALYSIS
“Realistically, you aren’t going to be able to completely end homelessness. But we certainly can do a much better job than we’re doing right now” - Cliff Smith
189
PRECEDENTS
03 “You have added much several ways, and especially in taking the colours of thin plates into philosophical consideration. If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.�
Sir Issac Newton
190
PRECEDENTS
PRECEDENTS
Precedents are used to create a researched database of past, current and ongoing projects, to provide inspiration for creating future projects to assist in solving the homeless crisis in Los Angeles.
191
IVY AT COLLEGE PARK CHINO, CA KTGY Architecture + Planning 2018 335 units
PRECEDENTS
Offers affordable housing adjacent to the Chaffey College Chino Campus in Chino. Ivy at College Park’s first phase consists of 135 affordable family apartments in 10 residential buildings, with the second phase comprising 200 family apartments. Located within the 200-acre College Park master plan area, Ivy at College Park is adjacent to the Chaffey College Chino Campus. The property consists of one-, two- and three-bedroom apartments and is GreenPoint Rated.
192
bridgehousing.com/properties novindevelopment.com
PRECEDENTS
Tyler Thomas
ktgy.com
193
ASCENCIA GLENDALE, CA
PRECEDENTS
Deacon Ron Baker 2007 40 beds
194
Ascencia is one of only a few comprehensive homeless service agencies in Los Angeles County, and the only one serving Glendale and its surrounding communities. Ascencia provides homeless people with a path to permanent housing and stability by providing assistance with employment, trauma therapy, addiction recovery, mental health services, securing housing, as well as practical needs including laundry, showers, and mail service. The light-filled facility also contains a 40 bed shelter for families and children. Ascencia serves 1200 men, women and children each year through its Access Center and coordinates services with partner agencies in Northeast Los Angeles, West Hollywood, Burbank, and the San Fernando Valley.
ascenciaca.org
Tyler Thomas
PRECEDENTS
The benefits of ascencia as a whole is that this organzation is a leading example on how to serve the homeless people. they have helped over 12000 indiviauls across homelessness. This organization has won the non-profit of the year in 2012 and 2018.
prweb.com
195
ARMSTRONG PLACE SENIOR HOUSING
SAN FRANCISCO, CA David Baker Architects 2011 116 affordable studio and one-bedroom apartments for seniors.
PRECEDENTS
The complex provides affordable apartments for seniors, 71 of which are HUD subsidized. Adjacent to affordable for-sale housing in the Armstrong Townhomes, the property’s amenities include 9,000 square feet of commercial space, community services and retail shops.
196
bridgehousing.com/properties
PRECEDENTS
Tyler Thomas
archdaily.com
197
BLUE BIKES
NEW ORLEANS, LA; BOSTON, MA; BROOKLINE, MA; CAMBRIDGE, MA; SOMERVILLE, MA
PRECEDENTS
Motivate 2007 180 stations with a fleet of over 1,600 bikes
198
Become a member online, or buy a pass from any Bluebikes station kiosk or through the mobile app. Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it. Take as many short rides as you want while your pass or membership is active. Return your bike to any station, and wait for the green light on the dock to make sure it’s locked. This system is helpful for people who do not own a car or needs a cheaper form of transportation.
bluebikes.com
Wesley Cagle
bluebikesnola.com
PRECEDENTS
The ease of access to transportation is such a vital part of everyday life that lacks in most homeless’ daily lives. The physical activity and contribution to the community as well.
199
SAFE PARKING PROGRAM SAN DIEGO, CA
Dreams for Change 2009 Two parking sites throughout the county serving 70 families and individuals each evening.
PRECEDENTS
The Safe Parking Program provides supportive services for transitional homeless families, children, and individuals who are living in their cars. These services include referrals, financial education classes, and a secure “home.�
200
dreamsforchange.org
PRECEDENTS
The ease of access to transportation is such a vital part of everyday life that lacks in most homeless’ daily lives. The physical activity and contribution to the community as well.
Wesley Cagle
sandiego.networkofcare.org
201
RENAISSANCE WEST END DENVER, CO
Colorado Coilition for the Homeless 2012 75 one- and 26 two-bedroom apartments
PRECEDENTS
Renaissance West End Flats helps meet the housing needs of homeless and low-income families and individuals. Services include on-site property management and social services. Amenities include a community room with a common kitchen and outdoor terrace, secured access, elevator service, laundry facilities, and a computer resource room.
202
coloradocoalition.org
Wesley Cagle
fciol.com/portfolio-items
PRECEDENTS
The success the Colorado Coalition for the Homeless have yielded acts as a precedent for projects that hope to house the homeless through supportive and affordable housing. The payments that are required are affordable yet keep accountability within the community.
203
HMP ADDIEWELL
ADDIEWELL, WEST LOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
PRECEDENTS
HLM Architects 2008 700 units
Designed for charity, YMCA, these prefabricated units take about a week to construct in a Derbyshire factory. And another week to assemble on site. They units can be stacked with assistance of a wide-load lorry. Designed for charity, YMCA, these prefabricated units take about a week to construct in a Derbyshire factory. And another week to assemble on site. They units can be stacked with assistance of a wide-load lorry.
204
sps.gWW
PRECEDENTS
The modularity and accessiblity these units provide are very attractive. The hostel inspired floor plan gives freedom to the user and accommodates any lifestyle.
Judy La
hmpaddiewell.co.uk
205
KAWLOON WALLED CITY KAWLOON CITY, HONG KONG
PRECEDENTS
Citizen of Kawloon 1898 33,000 residents in 6.4 acres
206
The Kowloon Walled City was a densely populated, ungoverned settlement, north of Hong Kong Island. Originally a Chinese military fort, this area evolved into a squatter’s village comprising a mass of 300 high-rise buildings. The property was abandoned by China and British-run Hong Kong government. It was demolished in 2014.
businessinsider.com
PRECEDENTS This city structure gives insight to how communities can operate with limited resources such as land. The density of population is comparable to very compacted areas homeless people may be forced to stay. The improvision is also mirrored.
Judy La
archdaily.com
207
TOWER OF DAVID CARACAS, VENEZUELA David Brillembourg 1994 5000 squatters in 45 stories
PRECEDENTS
Centro Financiero Confinanzas, also known as Torre de David, is an unfinished abandoned skyscraper in Caracas, the capital of Venezuela. It is the third highest skyscraper in the country.
208
thedailybeast.com