About CIGI
World-Leading Think Tank on International Governance Founded in 2001, The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) is an independent, non-partisan think tank on international governance challenges. Led by experienced practitioners and distinguished academics, CIGI aims to anticipate emerging trends in international governance and to strengthen multilateral responses to the world’s most pressing problems. CIGI advances policy ideas and debate by conducting studies, forming networks and convening scholars, practitioners and policy makers. By operating an active program of publications, events, conferences and workshops, CIGI builds capacity to effect change in international public policy. CIGI is advised by an International Board of Governors. The organization is housed in the historic former Seagram Museum building in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It was founded by Research In Motion (RIM) co-CEO and philanthropist Jim Balsillie, who also serves as CIGI’s chair. CIGI is funded by private and public donations. It gratefully acknowledges the support of the Government of Canada and the Government of Ontario.
Vision CIGI strives to be the world’s leading think tank on international governance, with recognized impact on significant global problems.
Mission CIGI will build bridges from knowledge to power, conducting world-leading research and analysis, and influencing policy makers to innovate.
Beliefs CIGI believes that better international governance can improve the lives of people everywhere, by increasing prosperity, ensuring global sustainability, addressing inequality and safeguarding human rights and promoting a more secure world.
December 13, 2011
57 Erb Street West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2, Canada • tel +1.519.885.2444 • fax +1.519.885.5450 • www.cigionline.org
Programs CIGI’s Policy Research OcCurs in Four Areas Global Economy
GLOBAL Development
Addressing the need for sustainable and balanced economic growth, the Global Economy program is a central area of CIGI expertise. Its importance was heightened by the global financial crisis of 2009, which gave impetus to formation of the G20 leaders’ summits — a development for which CIGI experts had advocated.
The overall goal of CIGI’s Global Development program is to identify international governance innovations and adjustments that support sustainable development and poverty reduction, and facilitate the transition to more effective, efficient and equitable delivery of global public goods.
Environment and Energy
Global Security
Planet Earth faces severe and growing stresses as a result of human development and consumption. The Environment and Energy program at CIGI focuses on governance issues related to climate change, geoengineering and alternative energy. Ideas arising from CIGI’s fall 2010 conference, Climate of Action, are helping to define the program.
Since humans first began to deploy weaponry in intertribal warfare, our greatest danger has been, collectively, from ourselves — and at no time has the risk been greater than in the modern age, with its weapons of mass destruction. CIGI’s Global Security program focuses on a range of issues in peace, conflict, security and building states.
57 Erb Street West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2, Canada • tel +1.519.885.2444 • fax +1.519.885.5450 • www.cigionline.org
Publications Advancing Policy Ideas and Debate CIGI produces policy-oriented publications — commentaries, CIGI papers, special reports, conference reports, policy briefs and books — written by CIGI’s experts, experienced practitioners and researchers. Through its publications program, CIGI informs decision makers, fosters dialogue and debate on policy-relevant ideas and strengthens multilateral responses to the most pressing international governance issues.
CIGI commentaries CIGI Commentaries consist of expert analysis of current international governance topics, aimed at advancing public understanding and influencing public debate. The G20 Returns to Crisis Committee — With Positive and Negative Implications Andrew F. Cooper, Distinguished Fellow No Fairy Tale at the Cannes Summit Barry Carin, Senior Fellow
Giving Up (Some) Sovereignty is Hard to Do: The Continuing Neglect of Global Economic Governance Pierre Siklos, Senior Fellow What is Next for China in the G20 ? — Reorienting the Core Agenda Gregory Chin, Senior Fellow and Acting Director, Global Development The G20 Battens Down the Hatches Daniel Schwanen, Senior Fellow
Lagarde and the IMF: The Unlikely Winners of the Cannes G20 Summit Bessma Momani, Senior Fellow
CIGI Papers CIGI Papers present well-considered policy positions and/ or research findings, insights or data relevant to policy debates and decision making. This category includes papers in series linked to particular projects or topic areas. Fiscal Asymmetries and the Survival of the Euro Zone CIGI Paper Paul R. Masson To help contain interest costs and protect the solvency of some banks, the European Central Bank has been led to acquire large amounts of government debt of the weaker euro zone members. This paper presents a model of a dependent central bank that internalizes the government’s budget constraint. National Perspectives on Global Leadership During the Cannes G20 Soundings Series No. 6 Colin Bradford National Perspectives on Global Leadership (NPGL) is a joint CIGI-Brookings Institution project, led by Colin Bradford, which enlists experts from G20 countries to observe and assess, through the lens of the media in their national capitals, the performance of G20 leaders at summits. Fostering Growth and Development in Small States through Disruptive Change: A Case Study of the Caribbean Caribbean Paper No. 11 Avinash D. Persaud Growth in the Caribbean region has been slow for two decades and the region is showing dangerous signs of sinking under the weight of excessive introspection. This paper examines the relationship between the economic and political structures of the Caribbean and the barriers to improving the economic viability of the region. Watching the Frog Boil: Strategic Folley in the Afghan Security Sector Afghanistan Paper No. 9 Christian Dennys Over the last nine years, international approaches to the Afghan security sector have exhibited elements of security sector reform, counterinsurgency and stabilization. This paper, the ninth in the Afghanistan Papers series, argues that the practice of attempting all three approaches simultaneously has lead to confusion, and that, ultimately, the international intervention’s lack of strategic direction and focus has been detrimental to Afghanistan and its international partners.
Download CIGI papers and reports free from: www.cigionline.org/publications 57 Erb Street West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2, Canada • tel +1.519.885.2444 • fax +1.519.885.5450 • www.cigionline.org
Publications special reports
CONFERENCE REPORTS
Special Reports include multi-author studies arising from CIGI projects and research conducted in collaboration with think tank partners.
Conference Reports summarize and synthesize the Policy Briefs develop information and analysis, main ideas, conclusions and recommendations followed by recommendations, on policyfrom significant CIGI conferences or meetings. oriented topics.
Preventing Crises and Promoting Economic Growth: A Framework for International Policy Cooperation Paola Subacchi and Paul Jenkins This report co-published by CIGI and Chatham House, emphasizes the importance of leadership and vision at both national and international levels to achieve the sustained cooperation necessary to avoid crises and support economic growth. eDialogue Summary Report: Security Sector Transformation in North Africa and the Middle East Mark Sedra and Geoff Burt 57 erb street West Waterloo ontario N2l 6c2 canada 519 885 2444 | cigonline.org
An edialogue held by CIGI and the United States Institute for Peace provided a forum for an exchange of ideas on the application of SSR in Africa and the Middle East. This report summarizes the questions and discussion prompted by the edialogue, and considers possible entry points and policy directions for reform. THE G20 AGENDA AND PROCESS
Analysis and Insight by CIGI Experts Compiled and with an introduction by Max Brem
Jorge Braga de Macedo Barry Carin Gregory Chin Jennifer Clapp Andrew F. Cooper
John M. Curtis Paul Heinbecker Eric Helleiner Rohinton Medhora Bessma Momani
Daniel Schwanen Pierre Siklos Gordon Smith John Whalley
The Centre for International Governance Innovation
Policy Brief CIGI POLICY BRIEFS CIGI Policy Briefs present topical, policy-relevant research across CIGI’s main research themes.Written on an occasional basis by CIGI’s research fellows and staff, this series aims to inform and enhance debate among policy makers and scholars on multifaceted global issues. Available for download at: www.cigionline.org/publications
20 | September 2010
no.
Improving the Governance of the Food Aid Convention: Which Way Forward? Jennifer Clapp and C. Stuart Clark
Key Points • The Food Aid Convention (FAC), the international agreement that sets out the rules and donor commitments governing food aid for the world’s hungry, is under renegotiation with a deadline of June 2011. • The FAC’s outdated governance mechanisms have damaged the Convention’s overall effectiveness and legitimacy. The FAC needs to become more transparent, coordinate better with other organizations, increase stakeholder participation and strengthen arm’s length monitoring and evaluation. • Moving the Convention’s governance to Paris or Rome instead of London has been proposed because of the proximity to related international organizations. Such a move, however, may not address all of the governance problems. • The creation of a technical review committee that would foster the necessary coordination with external bodies with expertise in food aid, food security and humanitarian assistance could improve the FAC’s governance and legitimacy regardless of its location.
Introduction Informal talks began in mid-2010 on renegotiating the FAC with a view to adopting a new agreement by June 2011.1 The FAC is an international agreement that sets out the rules and minimum commitments for member countries which donate international food aid to feed hungry people in developing countries. The existing Convention is dated and requires revision on a number of fronts (Clay 2010; Hoddinott, Cohen and Barrett 2008; Barrett and Maxwell 2006), particularly in the current context of high food insecurity and volatile world food markets (FAO 2009a; FAO 2010). The effectiveness of the FAC as a mechanism to provide appropriate and predictable minimum levels of food aid to those in need has been diminishing to the point of virtual invisibility in the midst of the recent food price crisis — a clear illustration of its fading legitimacy.
Improving the Governance of the Food Aid Convention: Which Way Forward? Policy Brief No. 20 Jennifer Clapp and C. Stuart Clark
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and CIGI convened a meeting of development experts, representatives from international organizations and research BOOKS by cigi fellows institutes, and policy and governance experts in Bellagio, Italy, in June 2011, CIGI books result from CIGI-sponsored resulting in agreement on a proposed projects or the work of CIGI fellows and architecture of 12 new development goals. researchers.
Fixing Haiti: MINUSTAH and Beyond Jorge Heine and Andrew S. Thompson
Constructive Powers Initiative: Managing Regional and Global Security Paul Heinbecker, Meliha Altunisik and Fen Hampson
ConstruCtive Powers initiative: Managing regional and global seCurity JUNe 2–3, 2011 istANBUl, tUrkey
coNFereNce report
Against the backdrop of the 2010 earthquake, this book brings together some of the world’s A meeting organized by The Norman leading specialists on Haiti to examine the Paterson School of International Affairs, challenges facing the country and how the CIGI and Middle East Technical University UN and hemispheric actors can help. held in Istanbul, Turkey, in June 2011 aimed Internet Gambling Offshore: to identify common security challenges that Caribbean Struggles over could benefit from policy coordination, Casino Capitalism and explored the relationship between the Andrew F. Cooper constructive powers and the G20.
The G20 Agenda and Process: Analysis and Insight by CIGI Experts Paul Heinbecker et al.
CIGI led the way in advocating the elevation of the G20 finance ministers’ meetings to summits of government leaders and continues to give a prominent place to G20 analysis in its work. This report is a compilation of 21 commentaries on policy and governance issues that are still relevant to the ongoing G20 agenda. Manmohan Agarwal Alan S. Alexandroff Thomas A. Bernes Colin Bradford
Toward a Post-2015 Development Paradigm Barry Carin and Mukesh Kapila
Policy Briefs
The New Geometry of Global Summitry Peter Heap This conference report summarizes the key topics considered by conference participants, including: the G20’s position as a “global steering group” and the related issue of ensuring legitimacy; global governance challenges and the need for summitry; the future roles of the G8, the UN and the G20; and items under consideration for the G20’s agenda in 2012 and beyond.
Redesigning the World Trade Organization for the Twenty-first Century (Chinese translation) Debra P. Steger
CONFERENCE REPORT
Conference New.indd 1
10/06/11 10:53 AM
THE FUTURE OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM
The Future of Security Sector Reform Mark Sedra CIGI eBook
Edited by Mark Sedra
Download CIGI papers and reports free from: www.cigionline.org/publications 57 Erb Street West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2, Canada • tel +1.519.885.2444 • fax +1.519.885.5450 • www.cigionline.org
CIGI Campus
Shaping Ideas for Global Governance The CIGI Campus, located in Waterloo, Ontario, is a hub of Canadian-based study and research in international affairs. First classes were held in October 2011. Public lectures are held in the 250-seat CIGI Auditorium. The campus is home to academic and research programs that are partnerships between The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) and other institutions. It includes the Balsillie School of International Affairs, established in 2007 and offering a Ph.D. and two master’s programs. The school is a partnership among the University of Waterloo, Wilfrid Laurier University and CIGI. In time, the campus may also be home to a proposed master’s program in international law. An incubator of ideas results from the physical proximity of a global think tank and related schools. This $68-million facility, designed by KPMB Architects in the classic “Oxbridge” style, received federal and provincial funding totalling $50 million through the Knowledge Infrastructure Program and Ontario’s 2009 budget.The land for the CIGI Campus was donated by the City of Waterloo.
57 Erb Street West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2, Canada • tel +1.519.885.2444 • fax +1.519.885.5450 • www.cigionline.org
The Balsillie School of International Affairs is a collaborative partnership among CIGI, Wilfrid Laurier University and the University of Waterloo, and represents the largest initiative in the social sciences in Canadian history. With over 30 affiliated faculty, including the CIGI Chairs, the Balsillie School has
assembled several experts in a variety of disciplines that contribute to the analysis of the challenges of governance in an increasingly complex global environment. Emphasizing small class size and individual contact with faculty, the programs admit eight doctoral students and 30 master’s-level students each year.
Ph.D. in Global Governance The Ph.D. in Global Governance (offered jointly by Wilfrid Laurier University and the University of Waterloo) is a unique opportunity for interdisciplinary examination of power and authority in the global arena. Graduate students in the program examine the variety of actors, institutions, ideas, rules and processes that contribute to the management of global society. In addition to international organizations and inter-state relations, the study of global governance examines the various non-state actors as well as the realities of contemporary life that contribute to the establishment and functioning of global rules, norms and institutions. The Global Governance Ph.D. program interrogates the concepts, tools, and assumptions that have served scholars in the past, and assesses new approaches for addressing contemporary and future challenges.
M.A. in Global Governance
Contacts Dr. Andrew Thompson
Program Officer, Global Governance Programs (M.A. and Ph.D.) University of Waterloo 519-888-4567, ext. 38689 asthompson@balsillieschool.ca
Ms. April Wettig
Graduate Program Assistant, Global Governance Programs University of Waterloo 519-888-4567, ext. 32415 awettig@uwaterloo.ca
Ms. Kelly Brown
Senior Administrative Assistant, Master’s in International Public Policy and Ph.D. in Global Governance Wilfrid Laurier University 519-884-0710, ext. 2783 kbrown@wlu.ca
The M.A. in Global Governance (offered by the University of Waterloo) goes beyond the rigidities and formalities of established academic boundaries by drawing on a variety of disciplines, including economics, politics, history and environmental studies. Designed to be completed in 16 months, the program typically consists of two terms of course work; a third term as an intern working on global governance issues in the public or private sector, at a research institute or non-governmental organizations; followed by a fourth term in which students complete a major research paper on a specific research topic of their choosing relating to global governance.
Master’s in International Public Policy An intensive, one-year, interdisciplinary master’s program, the Master’s in International Public Policy (MIPP, offered by Wilfrid Laurier University) provides graduate training for individuals looking to pursue or enhance careers in international or global policy development, implementation and evaluation. MIPP students complete three terms of course work, each of which builds a specific skill set; skills in public sector economics, policy analysis and research tools.
57 Erb Street West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2, Canada • tel +1.519.885.2444 • fax +1.519.885.5450 • www.cigionline.org
People Operating Board of Directors Jim Balsillie — Chair of the Board Dennis Kavelman — Treasurer
CIGI Executives Thomas A. Bernes, Executive Director David Dewitt, Vice President of Programs
Scott Burk
Mohamed Hamoodi, Vice President of Government Affairs
C. Scott Clark
J. Fred Kuntz, Vice President of Public Affairs
Maureen O’Neil
Mark Menard, Senior Director of Finance
Andrés Rozental
Experts
Carmen Sylvain
Manmohan Agarwal Senior Visiting Fellow
Gregory Chin
Senior Fellow and Acting Director of the Global Development Program
• China’s global economic expansion • Emerging powers and global governance reform • Asian regionalism Jennifer Clapp CIGI Chair
• International food trade • International agricultural trade and the WTO • International waste management issues Stephen Clarkson
International Board of Governors
• South Asian studies • International trade
• Canadian political economy
Jim Balsillie is CIGI’s founder and co-CEO of Research In Motion.
• International economic institutions
• North American governance
• India - economic development
• Canadian federal politics
Jorge Braga de Macedo is President, Tropical Research Institute; professor of economics at Nova University, Lisbon; former Finance Minister (Portugal). Ahmed Galal is Managing Director, Economic Research Forum (Egypt). Maureen O’Neil is President and CEO, Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. Rohinton Medhora is Vice President, Program and Partnership Branch, International Development Research Centre. Andrés Rozental was a career diplomat for Mexico for more than 35 years. Diana Tussie is Director of the Research Program on International Economic Institutions, FLACSO, Argentina, and founding director of the Latin American Trade Network (Argentina). Ngaire Woods is Director, Global Economic Governance Programme; Fellow in Politics and International Relations, University College, University of Oxford (UK).
Jason J. Blackstock
Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment
• Climate science and policy • Nuclear energy and non-proliferation • Geo-engineering Paul Blustein
Senior Visiting Fellow
• International economic institutions • Global financial crisis • International trade Colin Bradford Senior Fellow
• Millenium Development Goals • The global economy, globalization and global governance • Latin America, East Asia, Europe Barry Carin Senior Fellow
• Governance of international organizations • Millenium Development Goals
Senior Fellow
William D. Coleman
CIGI Chair in Globalization and Public Policy at the Balsillie School of International Affairs
• Globalization studies • Global public policy • Agriculture and food regulation Andrew F. Cooper Distinguished Fellow
• Global governance reform • Celebrity diplomacy • Canadian/comparative foreign policy Trevor Findlay Senior Fellow
• Nuclear energy • Disarmament, arms control and nonproliferation • Weapons of mass destruction Louise Fréchette Distinguished Fellow
• Nuclear energy proliferation • United Nations and reform • Conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding (continued on back)
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People (continued from front)
Paul Freston
Thomas Homer-Dixon
CIGI Chair Environment and Energy
Mark Sedra Senior Fellow
• Social adaptation to complex change
• State failure and state building • International security
• Religion and global politics
• Climate change, energy scarcity, global security
• Religion and globalization
• Causes of ethno-nationalist conflict
CIGI Chair of Religion and Politics in Global Context at the Balsillie School of International Affairs
James A. Haley
Director of the Global Economy Program
Sue Horton
CIGI Chair in Global Health Economics
• International finance
• Economics of public health, nutrition
• International trade
• Development economics
• Globalization Paul Heinbecker Distinguished Fellow
• Canadian foreign policy, including the UN, G20, international security, arms control and disarmament • U.S. foreign policy Jorge Heine
Distinguished Fellow and CIGI Chair
• Multilateralism • Latin American politics (Chile, Cuba, Haiti) • Theory and practice of diplomacy Eric Helleiner
CIGI Chair in International Political Economy
• North-South financial relations • Shifting international monetary power • International financial regulation Keith W. Hipel Senior Fellow
• Systems thinking in conflict resolution
Paul Jenkins
Distinguished Fellow
• International economic institutions • International economic policy coordination Maurice Kugler
CIGI Chair in International Public Policy Development
• Globalization and economic development
• Failed presidents
Pierre Siklos Senior Fellow
• Monetary economics • International finance Gordon Smith
Distinguished Fellow
• G20, G8 summit reform, global governance • Canadian foreign and defence policy Debra Steger Senior Fellow
• International investment policy
Bessma Momani Senior Fellow
• International financial institutions • Middle Eastern economics David Runnalls
Distinguished Fellow and Acting Director of the Environment and Energy Program
David Welch
Interim Director and CIGI Chair of Global Security at the Balsillie School of International Affairs
• International security • Peace and conflict studies John Whalley
Distinguished Fellow
• Environment and sustainability
• Globalization
• Climate change
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
Susan M. Schadler Senior Visiting Fellow
• Global financial institutions
• Social movements and protest in Latin America
• African health capacity, HIV/AIDS
• Foreign direct investment
• Fair resources allocation
• Environmental politics in Brazil and Latin America
• Climate change and health in Africa
• International trade law and policy
• Sovereign debt crisis
CIGI Chair of Governance in the Americas in the Balsillie School of International Affairs
Director of the Africa Initiative
• International trade and finance
• Sustainable development Kathryn Hochstetler
Nelson Sewankambo
• European emerging market economies Daniel Schwanen Senior Fellow
• Economic growth and innovation • Canada’s external trade policy • North American regional integration
Simon Zadek
Senior Visiting Fellow
• Corporate accountability and sustainability • Green growth
Media Contacts Declan Kelly
Communications Specialist dkelly@cigionline.org | 519 885 2444 x356
Kevin Dias
Communications Specialist kdias@cigionline.org | 519 885 2444 x238
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