section 3

SECTION 3

Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech.

Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. All the witches seriously wanted to pass the seven wonders. Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. The Harmon family knew they would be working hard to resell the Murder House since no one was interested. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. Kyle was warmly welcome aboard the coven. Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. Mallory, a new witch, worked hard and in return won the title of supreme. Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun.

Running down the strairs, Madison finally got out of that party.

The couple returned and explored the abandoned asylum.

Cordelia knew it was time for Micheal to test the seven wonders.

CLAUSES

Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)

INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Cordelia requires the witches of the coven to work really hard for their powers. DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds:

Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun.

Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective.

Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. Where he grew up firmly made Tate who he is. Kindly give whoever asks a cigarette. The supreme was happy when the witches finished the seven wonders. Lana Winters wisely checked what the bakery had for food. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word:

This is the coven where witches triumphantly do well. (“where” is an introductory word) There is the black rubber suit that I absolutely needed. The powers that you wanted is clearly within your grasp. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns:

Cordelia is obviously who got the most power. (ONE is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.)

There goes Twisty the Clown whose victim is usually children and teens. (TWISTY THE CLOWN is the antecedent of whose and is modified by the adjective clause.)

Misty Day teaches Zoe and Madison how amazing the healing properties that the mud contains. Is this the warlock that you so vehemently want? (that is the direct object of want)

The Supreme is the witch whom he confidently challenged to a bet. (whom is the direct object of challenged.)

Naan's innocent soft soul which you refer to has sadly been murdered. (which is the object of the preposition to.) Queenie the voodoo girl who easily shrugs off criticism from Madame Delphine. (who is the subject of shrugs.)

Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: They unfortunately put the “Do Not Enter” sign where a few could see it. (place) When the camp bell finally rang, everyone left. (time) We sluggishly left Hotel Cortez because we were tired. (purpose) Kai talked as if he were passionately running for president. (condition) Modifying adjectives: This years camp seems twice as long as it used to be. (how much) Myrtle Snow is as amusingly stylish as her students. (to what extent) Modifying adverbs: Naan studied harder than her fellow witches typically did. (condition) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. The camper who finishes first will earn an indulgently tasty sandwich. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. When debating, Ally keenly keeps her eyes on Kai. Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. The power that most interests Queenie is clearly voodoo magic.

Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Brooke's yoga lessons, which began three months ago, are finally over.