Sentences

Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement,

command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Parts Subject

Predicate

Declarative

Imperative

Interrogative

Exclamatory

Simple Sentence

Compound Sentence

Complex Sentence

Function: What/who the sentence is about

Example: Ponyo and Sosuke patiently for lunch.

Function: What the subject does

Example: Ponyo and Sosuke patiently waited for lunch.

Sentence Types

Function: A sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark)

Example: Learning to talk helps Ponyo and Sosuke communicate better.

Function: A Sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark)

Example: Learn to talk better immediately.

Function: A sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark)

Example: Why would Ponyo not want to speak?

Function: A sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an

exclamation mark)

Example: That conversation with Sosuke was so much better!

Sentence Patterns

Function: A sentence that is just one independent clause.

Example: Ponyo’s dad Fujimoto keeps ruining her life.

Function: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses -

connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;).

Example: Preparing for food takes up time, but they all can be finished.

Function: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Example: When Lisa sets up a plan, work can regularly get done on time.

SENTENCES CONTINUED...

Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement,

command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Patterns

Complex-Compound Sentence

Loose Sentence

Periodic Sentence

Parallel Structure

Balanced Sentence

Chiasmus

Function: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Example: Though Sosuke prefers staying on land, he went out to swim, and he enjoyed it very

much.

Function: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction

(either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning.

Example: It was obvious a storm was coming because of the lightning, thunder and calm in

the air.

Function: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in

order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end.

Example: In spite of rain and cold temperatures, Ponyo and Sosuke kept sailing forward.

Function: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader

comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry.

Example: Ponyo not only likes to be a human, but as a fish as well.

Function: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires

symmetry.

Example: Fujimoto has a right to utter what he thinks is true, and Gran Mamare has a right to

knock him down for it.

Function: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry.

Example: You can take Ponyo out of the water, but you can't take the water out of Ponyo.

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Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement,

command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Patterns

Asyndeton

Polysyndeton

Anaphora

Epistrophe

Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence

Function: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a

rhetorical purpose.

Example: You mean to tell me we lost the boat, the house, the car?

Function: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other

between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.

Example: Sosuke typically exhibits intelligence and loyalty and bravery and, ultimately,

determination.

Function: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase

at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention.

Example: Fujimoto shouts, “Every single day you stress me out. Every single day you make me

furious. Every single day you do such foolish gimmicks!”

Function: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words.

Example: He continues, “I tell you to be careful, but you ignore me. I tell you to be more

attentive, but you disregard me!”

Sentence Errors

Function: A sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are

connected incorrectly without punctuation.

Examples:

Sosuke wanted to stop playing by the beach he needed to do work on other chores he had no

time. [WRONG]

Sosuke wanted to stop playing by the beach BECAUSE he needed to do work on other chores

AND he had no time. [RIGHT]

SENTENCES CONTINUED...

Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement,

command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Errors

Comma Splice

Fragment

Dangling Modifiers

Double Negative

Function: A sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are

connected incorrectly using commas Examples:

Sosuke wanted to stop playing by the beach, he needed to do work on other chores,

he had no time. [WRONG]

Sosuke wanted to stop playing by the beach. He needed to do work on other chores;

he had no time. [RIGHT]

Function: Incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an

independent clause

Examples:

Because he had no time. [WRONG]

Because he had no time, he had to work faster. [RIGHT]

Function: Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the

part it’s supposed to modify

Examples:

At lunch, Lisa gave ramen to Ponyo and Sosuke that was well prepared. [WRONG]

At lunch, Lisa gave some ramen that was well prepared to Ponyo and Sosuke. [RIGHT]

Function: Combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is

supposed to produce a positive force

Examples:

Sosuke knew that it wouldn’t do him no good to waste time. [WRONG]

Sosuke knew that it would not do him any good to waste time. [RIGHT]