Part II Architectural Assistant Portfolio by briallen roberts

BRIALLEN ROBERTS | APPLICATION PORTFOLIO PART II ARCHITECTURAL ASSISTANT

MArch Urban Design, Bartlett School of Architecture University College London, United Kingdom 2014

Master of Architecture The University of Western Australia, Perth Australia 2013

Bachelor of Environmental Design [Architecture] The University of Western Australia, Perth Australia 2010

TA BLE OF C ONTENT S

L IQUID E A R T H , S OL ID SE A 1. STUDIO BRIEF 2. INTRODUCTION: LIQUID EARTH, SOLID SEA 3. RESEARCH

3.1. Geopolitical Scale

The Sahara as an Autonomous Productive Network

Thesis of the Solid Sea Security and Human Movement in the Mediterranean

History of Climatic Change in the Sahel and Sahara

3.2. Territorial Scale

The Discovery of Underground Water Reservoirs in Africa

The Exploitation of Algerian Hydrocarbons and Resources

The Potential of Overland Trade Networks in the Sahara

3.3. Urban Scale

The Mediterranean, The Impact of Containerisation on the Historical Significance of the Port

The Circular City as Political Form

Case Study: Mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Zab

Case Study: Ain Salah Southern Gas Fields

3.4. Architectural Scale

Type Study: Courtyard Housing in the Pre-Colonial, Colonial, Post-Colonial Period

4. Design

The Family Unit [Housing Scheme]

Narritives; The City as a Theatre of Difference

5. Exhibition

OPEN AGENDA : R E S OURCE IM AGIN A R IE S 1. RESEARCH PAPER 2. GRAPHIC EVIDENCE

2.1. Geopolitical Scale

Geopolitical Map of Sweden

Geopolitical Map of Australia

2.1. Territorial Scale

Territorial Map of Kiruna, Lapland Sweden

Territorial Map of Kalgoorlie, Goldfields Western Australia

3. PHOTOGRAPHIC ESSAY 4. EXHIBITION ii

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T HEORY = DE SIGN = T HEORY 1. RESEARCH PAPER 2. The Multivalent 3D Drawing

The Moleskine Notebook

The Course of Contemporary Nomadicism

3. Historical Materialism

Agnostic Responses; A Conflict between Adverseries who recognise a Common Ground

4. Design Tactics 5. Graphs and Statistics

Asylum Seeking in Australian Territory

Site; The Australasian Archipelago

U.W. S S T UDEN T HUB 1. Site Plan and Master Plan 2. Internal Poetics 3. Relationship to Site 4. Spatial Organisation

P ROFE S SION A L WOR K : W IN T ER T HUR HO SP I TA L P ROFE S SION A L WOR K : U.P.K P YS CHI AT R IC HE A LT HC A R E

LIQUID E A R TH, SOLID SE A THE CIT Y, THE TERRITORY, THE PL A NE TA RY

THE SENSUS COMMUNIS: A PHILOSOPHICA L PROLEGOMENON Our common character: goodwill, a natural capacity for thought and an inclination for truth. The good always synonymous with the common. The common as synonymous with a truth that is shared equally among all. A public spoken of in the singular. A city unified in the concept of the citizen. A state unified in the concept of the nation. A planet unified in the idea of universal human rights. It is no exaggeration to say that everything rests on these presuppositions. The good, the progressive, the loyal and the equal: our sensus communis. These terms are infused with a value that is essentially moral. Their efficacy is based on an explicit presupposition that the role of the architect is to serve the public. Their sense is drawn from an implicit presupposition that this service is intrinsically virtuous. Their legitimacy is grounded in the presumed clarity of the ‘people’s will’. In the midst of these beliefs, our most cherished ideals find their homes: a public still to be invoked or unnamed community to come, a lost republic to recover or global commons to be protected. And what serene, harmonious homes we were led to believe they were: the agora, the polis, and the city-states of antiquity - perfect in their equipoise – the spatial summation of the Cogitatio natura universalis. Like compass sections through a celestial sphere, the materialisation of these ideals relied on the rationality of science. Calculation became more than a working instrument, it confirmed the belief that some essentially Platonic geometry underwrote all. This idea appeared twice within urban thought. First during the Renaissance and the invention of perspectival representation. Second through the spatialisation of statistical calculus in the nineteenth century. And now for a third time it seems we too will have our Platonists. Cruder, though stranger and only a little less essentialist than their historical forbears, the core belief that reality is wholly calculable remains. The fear that the world is too arbitrary, too contingent; too complex to be threaded by one reason, elicits its own reassuring hymn from each era. There simply must be something – one thing - behind it all – some recurring pattern, deep structure or DNA, guiding

us with an invisible but ultimately benevolent hand. Within design, these theories have two jobs to do. Through abstraction they are able to conflate difference through a process of analogy like pseudo-structuralist successors to classical ideas of mimesis. But most importantly to make virtuous processes of interaction, participation and group behavior: the good emerging from the common. The common as synonymous with a truth that is shared equally among all.4 So who or what will emerge: Epistemon or Eudoxa - the pedant or the idiot? In any case the formula is always the same: “every body knows, nobody can deny”. Socialization, collaboration, innovation = capital. Diversity, choice, competition = capital. Socialization, belonging, interaction = community? Is this collective intelligence or collective stupidity? History bears terrible witness to the latter, despite all the rhetorical hallucinations about the former. In reality, it’s probably something far worse than intelligence or stupidity – it’s a contradiction. We describe any image of thought in which the symbolic universe is consistent as monotheistic. Monotheists are caught in a permanent state of surprise and disappointment. Witness the indignation and astonishment– feigned only because it is repeated so often – when symbolic consistency is not upheld. Note the shock felt at every error, exception, contradiction and paradox encountered. Not only this, but even when these ruptures break the order of the ‘everyday’, they only serve to reinforce the very thing from which they are separated? For example, what is an interest in territorial exception if not an undeclared promise to restore the virtue of sovereignty? This is why, for us, thought is still far too moral, still far too monotheistic. Similarly, all of the aforementioned beliefs in calculability must insist on positing a concept of being that is ontologically consistent - a good faith in the numeracy of the people and the will of the demos. There is no greater impetus behind the sensus communis – the continual expectation of – and impetus toward, the calculable, the equal, the common and finally the good – the entire idea of ‘reform’ so central to urban thought and practice is premised entirely on this.

Because it is believed to be calculable, being is not only said in one and the same way for all things - it is made consistent and common in character: goodwill, a natural capacity for thought and an inclination for truth. Despite all the evidence to the contrary, they will not stop praying to one god, but we are done with the Church and the State. We have no ideals. We are not so easily disappointed. Moreover, we are tired of faking astonishment at difference. We are left then with a momentous decision: to side with the orthodox belief in consistency, in innate goodwill, common sense and the essential virtues of the collective. Or else, to confront all the evidence of common idiocy, malevolence and banality that surround us. We make decisions based on evidence. It is time to furnish a space for tyrants, slaves and imbeciles. In this universe, inconsistency will no longer come as a shock, and stupidity can finally be given its full, encyclopedic, cosmic, import.

Our gods are at war.

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BE YOND THE NON-CONTR A DICTION PRINCIPLE Consistency is the secret affinity that ties all to all. To be against consistency seems to be against reason itself, to deny coherence perhaps even logic. The principle of noncontradiction is a ‘first principle’, perhaps the first principle; a fundamental philosophical axiomatic on which all rationality must rest. If we can’t distinguish a man from a jaguar we have no basis for reasoned discussion, or so the argument goes. Though this first principle assumes a domain of relevance that is universal in its scope, not all societies partition the world in the same way. Different cosmologies make their own ontological distinctions, distinctions that are no less operative within their own contexts, no less useful at sense making, or organising social relations than the belief systems that underlie and animate the various societies of the West. Because contradiction is grounded in the supposed same recognition of difference, and this recognition is not universal, contradiction is domain dependent. The mistaken assumption that every social grouping valorizes the same aspects of the world in the same way assumes a planet that is unified and consistent in its cognitive and epistemological structures. At its outset, moving beyond the principle of noncontradiction means moving beyond a Universalist concept of reason, acknowledging a multiplicity of rationalities and according to them a limited horizon of action. The multiperspectival character of these various forms of knowledge production do not resolve to form a single picture let alone a unified globe, there is no single map upon which each point can finally be plotted, each blank space filled. Difference pertains, and it pertains in such a way as to prevent making one thing the measure of all others.

In this sense, the city can never be more than a bad project. After all, it must pit reason against reason. Its disputes will not be easily domesticated let alone subsumed within a consistent framework. For this reason the extrapolation of architectures internal reasoning from the scale of a building to the scale of the city can only end in disappointment. The cities of the past could still turn conflict in space to conflict in time – each regime leaving its own mark alongside others in a dialectic of succession. The cities to come can do nothing more than hold an uneasy claim on the present. Further, the old idea of a city as a space in which all ties dissolve in an anonymous and cosmopolitan sea of civic belonging can no longer withstand the evidence that everywhere perforates the attempts to insulate inside from outside, that links the near and far, the weak and the strong. The question then is this: how to start? How to start without these despotic ideals: the public, the common, the city, the state, and the planet? Moreover, how to accomplish this without relying on concepts like participation, pluralism and multiculturalism that only serve to pacify difference? It is a formidable task. It is not for nothing that difference cannot be thought easily, difference is not diversity, difference is violence.

In a very real way, ‘something in the world forces us to think’ difference, and to think it differently, returning to the theme of this studio, it is our contention that the problem of difference within architecture and urban design are not the same. Understandably, difference can be, and has been, domesticated within architecture. In the very idea of the project, in the relation between parts, and the spatial reasoning that brings them into being – internal consistency and coherence remain sacred after everything else has been profaned. In architecture schools, it is often said, that the lack of these ideals is the mark of a bad project.

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AF TER MONOTHEISM It is our hypothesis that scale describes a set of ‘problematiques’. We use the French term to emphasize the way this concept emerges from the history of French epistemological thought. We will move beyond this initial claim in order to propose the idea of a problematique as the basis for all individuation: cognitive, epistemological, ontological and discursive. The material world no less than the cultural or the political one is riven by problems that solicit attention and that will form the basis for the individuation of subjectivity and thus for our project. In turn, reason is immanent to the problematique that calls it into being; it can no longer be spoken of in the singular. It is the hypothesis of this studio that reason must therefore be circumscribed within a limited horizon of action; it can only remain internally consistent if it is allowed to make contact with an outside that does not belong to it. That is to say reason has a certain scale or domain in which it is relevant, and an outside which it needs and depends upon in order to individuate itself. What was once called contradiction can now be precisely reframed as the conflict between different scales. The Faustian fact that scales conflict is enough to destroy the entire notion of the sensus communis – it is enough to re-inscribe the political within the heart of reason and extinguish any remaining hope of access to an innocent exterior where we might yet keep our conscience clear, our hands clean, and our fingers crossed. All we have is a force field of deep ontological, epistemological, cognitive and discursive difference. And we are in the middle of it.8 If we are accused (rightly) of lacking in ideals we will reply that we simply insist on a non-reductive thought, that we are against prematurely unifying different domains, that we abhor metaphors, and refuse to let symbols do our work for us. We might occasionally receive messages from Angels, but we will never stop dancing with the Devil.

Adrian Lahoud Head of Programme

1. Of importance here is the way the structure of collective forms of subjectivity are understood, especially the belief that they automatically secure an impetus toward truth. The two crucial figures here are Giles Deleuze and Michel Foucault. Deleuze’s critique of philosophy is premised on the consistency of the sensus communis and the transcendent orientation of thought it brings about. Foucault’s critique of Kantianism replaces the transcendent/sovereign form of power as a basic limit with a series of overlapping ideas such as the historical a priori, episteme, and problematique that together form a kind of anonymous discursive limit on what can be known and said. See DELEUZE, G. (1968 (1994)) Difference and Repetition, Paris, Gallimard and FOUCAULT, M. (1966) The Order of Things, London, Routledge. FOUCAULT, M. (1982a) The Archaeology of Knowledge London, Routledge. 2. Where Platonic Idealism commits to a fixed underlying structure of essential forms that are common though do not change, someone like Manuel Delanda commits to series of dynamic non-essential forms. It is strangely Platonic despite protestations otherwise in that the same deep diagrams keep repeating across radically different problems. Where there where divine solids, now there are basins of attraction. DELANDA, M. (2000) A Thousand Years of Non-linear History, Zone Books, New York. 3. When it comes to the city, complexity is in surplus, knowledge is in deficit. Complexity provokes epistemology into being. The lag between present knowledge and some omniscient future works like a debt that can never be repaid; the structural role of this argument is to animate the present around a perceived problem. The problem it poses to contemporary urban thought and practice is informational deficit. This project had some early success. Starting with the epidemiological and criminal reform agendas that remade the nineteenth century we can trace the way that scientific reasoning constitutes a certain truth about the city through the frame of an empirical project. Today this project is stalled by its monotheistic zeal, now it is even said by some architects that buried in the behavior of virus populations, phonemes and anthills lurk systems that can be captured in rules and coded in order to render visible the essential qualities of all material life. It is said by us that architecture is like science without peer review. 4. In the final chapter of The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs concludes with a rather long reflection on a quote by Warren Weaver, whose Mathematical Theory of Communication co-authored by Claude Shannon is one of the canonical and yet widely unread texts on cybernetics. Weaver uses the occasion to reflect upon the possibilities opened up by research into complexity. Weaver tells the story of a transition in science, from a regime of disorganized complexity dominated by statistical techniques and probabilities, to a phase of organised complexity, focusing on interactions that were characteristic of biological systems. Jacobs’ interest in Weaver is obvious; she wants to tie modern planning to its reductionist ballast and sink it. Cybernetics will offer an alternative empirical frame through which to understand the urban territory, not as a static distribution of quantities but instead as a dynamic feedback network of locally interacting agents.DESCARTES, R. (1677 (1984)) The Search for Truth by means of the Natural Light, Cambridge University Press. 5. Nietzsche is the first to show that this infusion of value into common sense is essentially moral, and how morality secures the equation of a natural capacity for thought with its natural inclination towards the true perception of its object. NIETZSCHE, F (1909-1913). Beyond Good and Evil. Trans. by Helen Zimmern, 257-261. For a discussion of Monotheism with respect to society and its expectations of conflict and contradiction see: GREENFELD, L. Mind, Modernity, Madness: The Impact of Culture on Human Experience. “Error, therefore pays homage to the ‘truth’, to the extent that, lacking a form of its own, it gives the form of the true to the false.” DELEUZE, G. (1968 (1994)) Difference and Repetition, Paris, Gallimard, 165. The dream of a world without a hegemon! Even post-structuralists will be horrified at what they have woken up to.

Following Pages: Image One: ‘Mapping out the day over breakfast’ by Matt Hoffman from his collection, ‘Cycle to the Sahara’ Source: http://cargocollective.com/letsgo/ Cycle-to-the-Sahara, accessed 23rd March 2014 Image Two: Algiers, 1960 by Nicolas Tikhomiroff. Source: Magnum Photos, http://www.magnumphotos.com/C. aspx?VP3=SearchResult&STID=2S5RYDIVX4JC, accessed 09 June 2014 Image Three: Cropped Hillshade map of the Algerian Sahara. Generated through GIS analysis of the Digital Elevation Map. Image Four: SEM Photo - Pore Space in Sedimentary Rock. [Photomicrographs are one such technique used by researchers to identify minerals and the fine structure in rock formations. This particular sample has helped to determine areas of possible underground carbon storage and sequestration]. Source: http://www.co2crc.com.au/imagelibrary2/ storage.html, accessed: 10th August 2014 Image Six: ‘Closed Cities, Russia, Qatar, Chile, Westsahara, Argentina, Azerbaija.’ Photograph 4 of 151 photographs, 2009-2012. Location: Sahrawi Refugee Camp, Western Algeria.

LIQUID EARTH, SOLID SEA T he Sahara as an Autonomous Product ive Net work

This project is located in the Sahara in Southern Algeria. It presents a new city model within a proposed network of Saharan trade centres whose activities and relationships set out to reorient Africa away from the Mediterranean and back toward the Sahara. If security makes the Mediterranean solid, insecurity makes the Sahara liquid. If the Sahara is a sea, we imagine that the cities on its shore can become ports, while the cities in its centre become archipelagos. The Sahara will become what the Mediterranean should have been. The Saharan trade network sits directly above the largest groundwater aquifers on the continent, which span 106km2 and run 100 to 200 metres beneath the desert surface. They are estimated to hold significant quantities of water for at least 1000 years. Each node in the network will cultivate different and complementary activities. The city plan developed is based on a socio-political diagram in which conflict between different constituencies is spatialised through the figure of a circle broken into parts. A city with no hegemon that exists in a permanent state of asymmetry driven by the tension between each group is proposed. The edge of the port city is organised by a re-invention of the pier which becomes a membrane able to regulate trade and also to discipline the unregulated sprawl that is typical of urbanisation in this area. The centre of the city will remain empty except for a water body drawn from the aquifer whose purpose is to regulate the ambient temperature in the desert climate.

LIDUID E A R TH, SOLID SE A

THE SA H A R A A S A N AUTONOMOUS PRODUCTI V E NE T WORK The Berlin conference of 1884 legalised the territorial control of Africa to Western European powers. Dividing Africa and its resources into political partitions, these events were later referred to as â&#x20AC;&#x153;the scramble for Africaâ&#x20AC;?. In the second half of the 19th century, the partitioning of Africa transitioned from imperialism and hegemony by military and economic dominance to direct colonial rule. Africa offered western powers such as Britain, Belgium and France an open market that would provide them with resources, trade and capital surplus. Africa further provided limited competition and an abundance of raw materials that could drive an exponential increase in industrial production.

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THE SA H A R A A S A N AUTONOMOUS PRODUCTI V E NE T WORK Following the commencement of the French invasion and occupation of Algeria in 1830, settlers and metropolitans alike increasingly came to think of Algeria as a “new France” or a trans-Mediterranean “province” connected to the national body rather than a colonial appendage. This imaginary was articulated and broadcasted between 1830 and the advent of the Third Republic in 1871. Establishing new memories onto the landscape was pivotal to the Saint Simonian “imagined community” and conquest over new French “territory”. The creation of new depictions of the Sahara from the nomadic trade routes and townships of great wealth could create an imagined connection necessary for French nationhood. The Sahara becomes significant for the French not because it represents a national memorial or site of significance; such as a battle, but that it is a landscape that is part of the restaging of scientific and ethnographic production of nature.

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THE SA H A R A A S A N AUTONOMOUS PRODUCTI V E NE T WORK Historically, life in the Sahara and on its desert shores was characterised by a complex network of trade, settlement and economic activity. This richness was affected by two discoveries, first – the ‘discovery’ and eventual colonization of Africa by European powers- and second - the discovery of hydrocarbons and resources in the post-colonial period. Historically the shores of the Sahara can be characterised into distinct concepts (not periods) of transformation: the Atlantic slave trade, the colonisation of the upper Nile and Great Lakes (see Jean-Pierre Chretien) and the Anthropocenic Equator or what is also described as the corridor of terror. As with any sea, each shore acquires a different character.

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THE SA H A R A A S A N AUTONOMOUS PRODUCTI V E NE T WORK Hydrocarbon extraction accounts for about 97% of Algerian exports and 30% of total GDP making the state highly dependent on resource extraction, sensitive to oil and gas prices and a major contributor to global CO2 emissions. Social stability and territorial integrity are interlinked. This project proposes to use the existing hydrocarbon economy as a means to construct new colonies in the center and the mid-east of Algeria. Hydrocarbon profits are used as a boost to stimulate a self-sustaining network of alternate economic activities within a regional network. The aims of this project can be summarised as follows: First, the securitisation of the Mediterranean is addressed through an economic and political reorientation inward towards the Sahara. Second, the territorial colonisation of the Saharan frontier in the establishment of a trans-Saharan trade network. Third, the urban negotiation of a new political form for this network of cities in which there is no hegemon only a partial representation of political groupings established by the organization of activity within the city.

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Historically, life in the Sahara and on its desert shores was characterised by a complex network of trade, settlement and economic activity. This richness was affected by two discoveries, first – the ‘discovery’ and eventual colonisation of Africa by European powers - and second - the discovery of hydrocarbons and resources in the post-colonial period. Historically the shores of the Sahara can be characterised into distinct concepts (not periods) of transformation; The Atlantic Slave Trade, The Colonisation of the Upper Nile and The Great Lakes (see Jean-Pierre Chretien), and the Anthropocenic Equator (Sahel / Climate Change). As with any Sea, each shore acquires a different character. Hydrocarbon extraction accounts for about 97% of Algerian exports and 30% of total GDP making the state highly dependent on resource extraction, sensitive to oil and gas prices and a major contributor to global CO2 emissions. Social stability and territorial integrity are interlinked; this project proposes to use the existing hydrocarbon economy as a means to construct new colonies in the centre and the mid-east of the country. Hydrocarbon profits are used as a boost to stimulate a selfsustaining network of alternate economic activities within a regional network. Limestone extraction can form an eventual replacement for a hydrocarbon economy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and supplying a crucial agricultural product for the regional economy. Algerian hydrocarbons are alleged major contributors to desertification in the Sahel since they are primarily consumed in the Northern Hemisphere. 21

Currently there are two conflicting thesis on the future state of the Sahel; research from the Potsdam institute suggests a greener Sahel, and research from the Earth Institute at Columbia University suggests a drier one. Environmental instability is assured in any case. More importantly, this suggests northward traffic of energ y resources to be consumed in Europe is in conflict with the potential to construct new economic and political ties between Algeria and the peoples to its south. Existing trade in the region can be categorised as follows: Grains such as millet, sorghum, rice, corn, salt, other cereals, fruit. Crafts: leather goods, weaving, ceramics, glass manufacturing, embroidery, textiles. Cotton, livestock, processed meat, dried fish, sugar. Minerals: especially potassium and copper. Trade across the Saharan network is composed of primarily overland transport mainly trucks, convoys with some rail. Owing to the airport at the extraction site In Salah is also connected to other Saharan cities with airport infrastructure.The infrastructural impetus (equipment, expertise, capacity) behind the hydrocarbon economy can be diverted toward other forms of extraction (limestone) and also toward non-extractivist ends (infrastructure, housing, trade). The empty desert is a colonial myth. The Sahara is already populated - both by Algeriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s greatest source of wealth â&#x20AC;&#x201C; oil and gas, and by its greatest source of instability in the form of non-state actors engaged in illicit trade, trafficking and terrorism â&#x20AC;&#x201C; both of these take place within an already existing context of nomadic and pastoral spatial practices. 22

LIDUID E A R TH, SOLID SE A

T H E F U T U R E S TAT E O F T H E S A H E L Algerian hydrocarbons are alleged major contributors to desertification in the Sahel since they are primarily consumed in the Northern Hemisphere. Currently there are two conflicting theses on the future state of the Sahel; research from the Pottsdam Institute for Climate Research and the Max Planck Meterological Institute suggests a greener Sahel, and research from the Earth Institute at Columbia University suggests a drier one. “As of 2013, anthropogenic net emission of CO2 have increased its atmospheric concentration by a comparable amount from 280ppm (Holocene or preindustrial equilibrium) to approximately 397ppm.” In March 2014, concentrations of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere surpassed 400 parts per million (ppm) for the first time in human history. Research from the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology and the Australian CSIRO Sustainable Agriculture Flagship centre have looked deeper into the possible greening of the desert due to global warming. Both institutes conclude that some expansion of vegetation into today’s Sahara is theoretically possible as a consequence of CO2 emissions. Models from Max Plank show that the rate of greening can be fast, up to 1/10th of the Saharan area per decades. These two institutes record atmospheric change in separate elements. Max Plank Institutue research examines the relationship between an increase in carbon dioxide, ocean warming and rainfall. CSIRO examines the relationship between an increase in CO2 and plant foliage fertilisation. Environmental instability is assured in any case. More importantly, this suggests northward traffic of energy resources to be consumed in Europe is in conflict with the potential to construct new economic and political ties between Algeria and the peoples to its south.

Row One: Portrait of Global Aerosols High-resolution global atmospheric modeling run on the Discover supercomputer at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., provides a unique tool to study the role of weather in Earth’s climate system. The Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) is capable of simulating worldwide weather at resolutions of 10 to 3.5 kilometers (km). This portrait of global aerosols was produced by a GEOS-5 simulation at a 10-kilometer resolution. Dust (red) is lifted from the surface, sea salt (blue) swirls inside cyclones, smoke (green) rises from fires, and sulfate particles (white) stream from volcanoes and fossil fuel emissions. [Image credit: William Putman, NASA / Goddard] Row Two: Micrographs – USGS, UMBC, ASU (L to R) Western Sahara Project. [By Jonathan Jessup, Vox, and Ludie Cochrane]. Row Three: Aerial photographs of southern Zinder, Niger, show the increase in on-farm trees. [Photos by Gray Tappan, US Geological Survey, EROS Centre].

E XCERP T FROM M A RK HER T SGA A RD’S BOOK

“ H O T: L I V I N G T H R O U G H T H E N E X T 5 0 Y E A R D S O N E A R T H ” Yacouba Sawadogo is a pioneer of FMNR, the tree-based approach to farming that has transformed the western Sahel over the last twenty years. “Climate change is a subject I have something to say about,” said Sawadogo, who unlike most local farmers had some understanding of the term. Wearing a brown cotton gown, he sat beneath acacia and ziz yphus trees that shaded a pen holding guinea fowl. Two cows dozed at his feet; bleats of goats floated through the still late-afternoon air. His farm in northern Burkina Faso was large by local standards— fifty acres—and had been in his family for generations. The rest of his family abandoned it after the terrible droughts of the 1980s, when a 20 percent decline in annual rainfall slashed food production throughout the Sahel, turned vast stretches of savanna into desert, and caused millions of deaths by hunger. For Sawadogo, leaving the farm was unthinkable. “My father is buried here,” he said simply. In his mind, the droughts of the 1980s marked the beginning of climate change, and he may be right: scientists are still analyzing when man-made climate change began, some dating its onset to the mid-twentieth century. In any case, Sawadogo said he had been adapting to a hotter, drier climate for twenty years now.

Amsterdam who has worked on agricultural issues in the Sahel for thirty years, and other scientists who have studied the technique say that mixing trees and crops—a practice they have named “farmer-managed natural regeneration,” or FMNR, and that is known generally as agro-forestry—brings a range of benefits. The trees’ shade and bulk offer crops relief from the overwhelming heat and gusting winds. “In the past, farmers sometimes had to sow their fields three, four, or five times because wind-blown sand would cover or destroy seedlings,” said Reij, a silver-haired Dutchman with the zeal of a missionary. “With trees to buffer the wind and anchor the soil, farmers need sow only once.”...

“In the drought years, people found themselves in such a terrible situation they had to think in new ways,” said Sawadogo, who prided himself on being an innovator. For example, it was a long-standing practice among local farmers to dig what they called zai—shallow pits that collected and concentrated scarce rainfall onto the roots of crops. Sawadogo increased the size of his zai in hopes of capturing more rainfall. But his most important innovation, he said, was to add manure to the zai during the dry season, a practice his peers derided as wasteful.

It was a five-minute walk from the village to the land of Omar Guindo. Guindo said that ten years ago he began taking advice from Sahel Eco, a Malian NGO that promotes agro-forestry. Now, Guindo’s land was dotted with trees, one every five meters or so. Most were young, with such spindly branches that they resembled bushes more than trees, but there were also a few specimens with trunks the width of fire hydrants. We sat beneath a large tree known as the “Apple of the Sahel,” whose twigs sported inch-long thorns. The soil was sandy in both color and consistency—not a farmer’s ideal—but water availability and crop yields had increased substantially. “Before, this fi eld couldn’t fill even one granary,” he said. “Now, it fills one granary and half of another”—roughly a 50 percent increase in production.

awadogo’s experiments proved out: crop yields duly increased. But the most important result was one he hadn’t anticipated: trees began to sprout amid his rows of millet and sorghum, thanks to seeds contained in the manure. As one growing season followed another, it became apparent that the trees—now a few feet high—were further increasing his yields of millet and sorghum while also restoring the degraded soil’s vitality. “Since I began this technique of rehabilitating degraded land, my family has enjoyed food security in good years and bad,” Sawadogo told me. Farmers in the western Sahel have achieved a remarkable success by deploying a secret weapon often overlooked in wealthier places: trees. Not planting trees. Growing them.

Sawadogo was not an anomaly. In Mali, the practice of growing trees amid rows of cropland seemed to be everywhere. A bone-jarring three hour drive from the Burkina Faso border brought us to the village of Sokoura. By global standards, Sokoura was very poor. Houses were made of sticks covered by mud. There was no electricity or running water.

These farmers were not planting these trees, as Nobel Prize–winning activist Wangari Maathai has promoted in Kenya. Planting trees is much too expensive and risky for poor farmers, Reij said, adding, “Studies in the western Sahel have found that 80 percent of planted trees die within a year or two.” By contrast, trees that sprout naturally are native species and more resilient. And, of course, such trees cost the farmers nothing.

RE SE A RCH

T H E D I S C O V E R Y O F U N D E R G R O U N D WAT E R R E S E R V O I R S I N A F R I C A Forty percent of all people globally who lack access to drinking water live in sub-Saharan Africa, with a total of 300 million people across the African continent.1 Demand for water is set to grow markedly in coming decades due to population growth and the need for crop-fed irrigation. Freshwater rivers and lakes are subject to seasonal floods and droughts that can limit their availability for people and for agriculture. At present only 5% of arable land is irrigated. In 2012, the British Geological Survey and the University College London released a hydrology report2 revealing one of the largest groundwater systems in the world located in the North Western Saharan Basin (NWSAS), which extends across Algeria, Tunisia and Libya. The North-Western Sahara Basin (NWSAS) comprises two main aquifers: the deep “Continental Intercalaire” (CI), and the “Complexe Terminal” (CT) with a surface area of approximately 1,500 ,000 km2 and a total volume of water 100 times the amount found on the surface. Globally, groundwater is the source of one third of all fresh water withdrawals, supplying 36% of domestic needs, 42% of agricultural needs and 27% of industrial needs.4 In Africa about 85% of the water is used in agriculture. Only 10% is used in households and only 5% in industry. Because of the growing urban population in Africa, embedded water consumption for agriculture and industry will increase. At present, the African continent is 40 percent urbanized. There are currently 414 million urban dwellers – and only Asia has more city-based people. The continent’s largest cities all have populations of over a million people.5 Moreover, the continent is developing at an unprecedented rate: the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) predicts that Africa will be 50 percent urban by 2030 and 60 percent urban by 2050. The World Health Organisation and UNICEF have calculated 50 litres per person per day as the required water supply. How are African cities, already under water stress and unable to provide water security for their populations, provide water for an eventual population increase of 60%?

Water security is defined both by the reliable availability of quality water and an acceptable level of water related risk. Reliable availability of water storage capacity is 750 cubic metres per capita. Currently, major cities south of the Sahel are only just meeting the 200 cubic metres per capita of water storage supply and water consumption per person per day across the Sahel is between 9 and 60 litres2.3 For context, European water consumption per person per day is between 150 and 400litres2. Water extraction from the NWSAS aquifers creates an immediate tension in Africa’s negotiation of water security and requires trans-boundary integrated management of the shared aquifer system6. The Sahara does not have the climate or geology to become the breadbasket of Africa but its provision of groundwater to neighbouring regions can buffer climate variability7 and increase crop yields that would provide a viable African food supply alternative to current Mediterranean and North American imports. A quid pro quo agreement between the Sahara, Sahel and Sub-Saharan states encourages a trans-boundary network based on shared available resources that reorients trade relationships8 towards Africa’s new interior of hydrological viability and irrigation infrastructure.

UNDERGROUND AQUIFER S

R E P O R T B Y R . G . TAY L O R [U C L + B R I T I S H G E O L O G I C A L S O C I E T Y ]

Aquifer Productivity Very High: > 20 l/s High: 5-20 l/s Moderate: 1-5 l/s Low-Moderate: 0.5-1 l/s Low: 0.1-0.5 l/s Very Low: < 0.1 l/s

Ground Water Resources in Africa: MacDonald, A.M. ; Bonsor, H.C. ; Ã’Dochartaigh, B.E. ; Taylor, R.G. . 2012 Quantitative maps. Environmental Research Letters, 7

LIQUID E A R TH, SOLID SE A

T H E M E D I T E R R A N E A N A S A S PA C E O F E X C H A N G E In the context of the MArch Urban Design course structure, the relationship between our chosen site and the Mediterranean must be explored. Historically, the Mediterranean as a sea was a space of exchange, traffic between different kinds of cultures organised along the coastline. There are two opinions regarding this organisation: According to Braudel the relationship is defined according to property in common and similarities along a shared coastline. The second opinion is that “It is the relationship between the very diverse localities of the Mediterranean and the connectivity’s that bind one locality to another”. In fact, the fundamental geographical feature of the Mediterranean is thus, “the enormous complexity of the region”. [reference needed] Essentially the Mediterranean is defined not by similarities, but rather by a problem that is in common which is mitigated by a system of trade networks”. [reference needed] If we imagine this historical idea of the Mediterranean as a network of cities that have more in common with other cities along the coast, than they do with cities in their own hinterland, we can start to think then that if the Sahara is in fact a sea, what are the cities on its shore?

LEGEND References:

TERRITORIAL MAP The Mediterranean and the Sahara as context. This map indicates Algeria’s geopolitical position between the Mediterranean Sea an the Sahara and Sahel.

wind Equator

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Geological basins high lighting the highest aquifer productivity and indicating what can be expected in different hydrogeological units.

- Digital elevation map : Shuttle radar topopraphy mission (SRTM) at 3 arc second resolution. - Bathymetry : GEBCO_08 Grid provided by British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) – released in Jan 2009 - Hillshade map – generated through GIS analysis of the Digital Elevation Map. - Political Boundaries : Natural Earth (http://www.naturalearthdata.com/) - Geological basins highlighting the highest aquifer productivity. Source : British Geological Survey – NERC 2011 (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/) - Points of Armed Conflicts in Africa , 2012 -1997 . Source : Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (http://www.acleddata.com/) - Search and Rescue regions (SAR ) – source : Search and Rescue Contacts - managed by the Canadian Coast Guard in JRCC Halifax location. At 2014 . (http://sarcontacts.info/srrs/tr_med/) - ”African and Mediterraneean Migration Routes”, published by International Centre for Migration Policy Development

LIQUID E A R TH, SOLID SE A

THE CONTEMPOR ARY PORT CIT Y The port city is an urban form defined by the contact between land and sea, located according to the natural resources offered by the site and its hinterland. Historically, the port city staged encounters between different groups. Today the seaport is containerised, securitised, nationalised and corporatised – as a result it is excised from its local context - no longer able to enrich the city and its inhabitants. Historically, the coastal port addressed the sea to the north; facing toward Europe. Today the Mediterranean Sea is solidified and secured by the state (Boeri); but in the south, the weakness of the state means that its sovereignty does not coincide with its territorial border. The shore of its Southern Sea remains liquid (Pezzani).

LEGEND References:

TERRITORIAL MAP Armed conflict across Africa and the Mediterranean securitisation.

wind Equator Political Boundaries Search and Rescue (SAR) Regions Points of Armed Conflict

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Geological basins high lighting the highest aquifer productivity and indicating what can be expected in different hydrogeological units.

LIQUID E A R TH, SOLID SE A

THE PEIR, A NE W T Y POLOGY In the contemporary port, the idea of the pier is no longer important. With the development of containerisation, ports are now automated and linked to infrastructural networks. The contemporary port has lost the relationship to the city that the historical port had. In fact, even though we still call them ports, they are radically different typologies. In the case of the Sahara it is possible to reinvent and return to this idea of the port and its associated infrastructure of the pier, as an architectural device that is able to mediate between these different kinds of flows. It operates both infrastructurally as a kind of mode of addressing the sea, as well as a mode of addressing the city.

LEGEND TERRITORIAL MAP

References:

The Mediterranean becomes Solid due to its

securitisation. It is the most policed water body on earth

wind Equator Political Boundaries Search and Rescue (SAR) Regions Points of Armed Conflict

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Geological basins high lighting the highest aquifer productivity and indicating what can be expected in different hydrogeological units.

LIQUID E A R TH, SOLID SE A

THE SA H A R A N TR A DE CIT Y NE T WORK This project proposes that the historical seaport city can be re-deployed as a concept to recolonise the shore of the Sahara. This city can enter into relationships of trade and exchange with other Saharan port cities, forming a mutually enriching network of complimentary economies. Therefore, the land port becomes an experiment in re-organising the African geopolitical landscape. It does so by re-orienting economic activity to its interior, thus constructing new spaces for political autonomy.

LEGEND References:

SOLID SEA, LIQUID EARTH wind Equator Political Boundaries Search and Rescue (SAR) Regions Points of Armed Conflict Migration Routs Islands and Cities

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Geological basins high lighting the highest aquifer productivity and indicating what can be expected in different hydrogeological units.

In Conclusion, the Maghreb is a peninsula. Historically, a sea to the North- the Mediterranean and a sea to the Souththe Sahara. Historically, the coastal port addresses the sea to the north. Facing toward Europe. Today the Mediterranean Sea is solidified and secured by the state (Boeri); but in the south, the weakness of the state means that its sovereignty does not coincide with its territorial border. The shore of its Southern Sea remains liquid (Pezzani). The colonial presence tolerated certain fluidity in the desert and only extended its interests into the Sahara with swift razzia raids on recalcitrant tribes when its hold on the coastal ports was at risk of being upset by activity from the interior. The post-colonial state maintained sovereignty over the territory only in so far as resource extraction points could be protected. Control of the Sahara and the permanent militarisation of its shores have assumed primary importance in the stabilisation of the North African region. Today the Mediterranean becomes solid due to securitisation and policing; the Sahara is a sea because it retains a liquid form of movement.

This hypothesis is confirmed because of the political formations that govern each space. Sub-Saharan migration to Algeria is primarily composed by refugees from Niger and Mali crossing through Agadez, Arlit and Tamanrasset respectively. This form of human movement is classed as ‘irregular migration’ and is subject to severe punishment according to Algerian law including prison terms. Further, there are currently some 35,000 Chinese labour workers in Algeria working on primarily infrastructural projects in Sino-Algerian publicprivate partnerships. The Sahara and Sahel are increasingly characterised by environmental and political unpredictability, with conditions of drought, flood and conflict often resulting in massive human displacement. The state is weakest at its periphery along its frontier of expansion. Therefore this is also where experimentation is most possible. The frontier of hydrocarbon extraction can become a site for new forms of social and political organisation. We aim to hijack the existing infrastructural impetus, which is captured by a utilitarian relation between means and ends by strategising its inherent excess. We wish to reinvent the idea of the colony – understanding it as a technolog y of frontier territorialisation that is irreducible to its colonial legacy of indigenous dispossession and exploitation.

LIDUID E A R TH, SOLID SE A

R E O R I E N TAT I O N O F T H E S O U T H This project suggests that Northern African nations must reorient their attention towards the Sahara in order to colonise their own interior. Therefore, how do we reinvent the colony in such a way as to reorient political attention from the north back towards the South? If we are to reinvent new spaces of governance and political power, two options should be considered; either take control of the centre or reinvent the periphery. This proposal chooses to reinvent the periphery. This means, not only a new city but a new form of political organisation. Taken from Pierre Bourdieuâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s writings on Algeria leading up to its War of Independance in 1962 it can be quoted;

â&#x20AC;&#x153;It was as if the Colonizers had instinctively discovered the anthropological law which states that the structure of habitat is the symbolic protection of the most fundamental structures of a culture; to reorganize it is to provoke a general transformation of the whole cultural system itself.â&#x20AC;? Pierre Bourdieu

P OS T-H Y DROC A RBON EC ONOMIC NE T WORK

R E O R I E N TAT I O N T O T H E S O U T H A N D T H E C A S E S T U D Y O F A I N S A L A H G A S F I E L D S This project considers a new port located along the shores of the Sahara according to sites of existing hydrocarbon infrastructure and traditional trans-Saharan trade and migration routes. The edge of the port city is organised by a re-invention of the pier, which becomes a membrane able to regulate trade and to discipline the unregulated sprawl that is typical of urbanisation in this area. The centre of the city will remain empty except for a water body drawn from the aquifer whose purpose is to regulate the ambient temperature. It is proposed that the re-orientation of Algeria’s pattern of settlement to its Southern Sea must be complemented by a gradual reduction in resource extraction and the development of a post-hydrocarbon economic network with other cities on the shore of the sea. New polities are formed in response to problems, giving rise to a diversity of spatial and cognitive practices, modes of valorisation and epistemologies. Rather than neutralising these contradictions, they have a positive potential that can be harnessed as well as a more open capacity to adapt to environmental and political transformations. This rejects the singular systematisation characteristic of the colony, instead - proposing a new model that is polytheistic – that locates a positive potential in differences between subjects, between functions, and between economies.In direct transition of this thought process to the urban scale, the project moves away from a mono-functional resource town and explores the idea of an urban centre whose morphology and growth is imbued with the stasis of competing functions and polities. The Krechba refinery and extraction point in central Algeria is the Central Processing Facility of the In Salah gas fields network and also the site of one of the world’s four critical carbon sequestration prototype projects. It will produce over 25% of the countries gas exports, which as an industry accounts for 98% of Algeria’s export revenue.

Krechba Source: , Authors, 2014 modified from SRTM Image, USGS 2. Archival Image: Ain Salah Gas Plant Source: Djebrithn, 2006, Available at http://www. panoramio.com/photo/33799693 3. Archival Image: The Gas Plant: Processing, Storaging and Distributing facilities Source: In Salah Gas, 2014, Available at http://w w w.insalahco2.com/ index.php/en/media/image-librar y. html? view=galler y&layout=bpGaller y 4. Production and Injection Wells: Cooperation with mobile-international employees and extractive technologies Source: In Salah Gas, 2014, Available at http://w w w.insalahco2.com/ index.php/en/media/image-librar y.

27°11’42’’N 2°29’0’’E

html? view=galler y&layout=bpGaller y

Location:

Krechba - Sahara, Algeria

5. Archival Image: Mapping Krechba: Subterranean

Typology:

CCS Infrastructural Machines

Source: Authors, 2014 modified from

Coordinate:

Joint Venture: Sonatrach (35%) / BP (33%) / Statoil (32%)

1. Archival Image: Geographical Elevation,

gas reservoir and location of the plant facilities Mathiesona, A. et al., 2011,In Salah CO2 Storage JIP: CO2 sequestration monitoring and verification technologies applied at Krechba,

Pipe Linkage:

32”/36km to Hassi Moumence 30”/37km to Gour Mahmoud

Algeria, Energy Procedia, 4: 3597

Gas Reserve:

340 bcm

CO2 Trapping Mechanism, Vertical production and

Dry Gas Production:

9 bcm p.a. Life span about 16 to 19 years

Source: Authors, modified from 2006, The In-Salah

6.Archival Image: Vertical Hydrocarbon Processing: injection with an future CO2 estimation CCS Experience Sonatrach

Ain Salah Southern Gas Fields and Carbon Sequestration: Processing and Distribution of Algerian Oil and Pioneering Carbon Sequestration and Storage Plan [Ain Salah, Algerian Sahara]

THE CIRCUL A R CIT Y A S A P OLITICA L FORM

BAGHDA D A ND GH A RDA I A CIRCUL A R CITIE S Historically, circular cities have always embodied certain socio-political ideaas in which different elements of the circle acquire unique importance. For example, the centre is defined as a space of rule or a space of negotiation- but always the centre of power. The centre is the force which arranges and binds the city. The urban fabric is defined by the concentric relationships to the centre as the city extends outward to its limits. The round city is at every moment of its spatial organization a reflection on its political form. Ghardaia, Algeria: an autonomous democratic religious city arranged in community rule around a shared centre and Baghdad, Iraq: administrative centre for the territorial rule of the Abbasiid Caliphate. The Caliph Al Mansur’s founding of Baghdad during the 8th century Islamic conquest of Iraq coincided with his violent expulsion of a fundamentalist Shiite Islamic sect, Ibaadiya, whose exiled adherents, established religious and commercial settlements in North Africa. As Mansur colonized Iraq through garrison towns, the Ibaadiya colonized the Sahara with the establishment of community oriented commercial centres, governed by an elected council of clergy called the azzaba. The case studies of these two cities present the potentials of the circular city as a political form. Baghdad the Round City, or al Mansur, consisted of three architectural elements: the outer fortifications, an inner residential area of symmetrically arranged streets, and the vast inner courtyard where the Caliph’s mosque and residence were situated. Baghdad was designed a round city, with its main roads arranged radially and its most important institutions concentrated in the centre. The divisions were marked by a series of walls. Two concentric outer walls surrounded by a moat for the exterior. Access to the residential area and central court was gained through four elaborate gateways and arcades beginning at the outer wall and ending in the courtyard, sitting equidistant from one another along the axis of the caliph’s residence. These gated complexes framed the Northeast, Northwest, Southeast and Southwest quadrants of residential areas.

The area circumscribed by the walls of al Mansur’s city was too small for an integrated urban center. Functioned rather as a palace precinct of which the Caliph’s residence and mosque in the central court was a major element. It was a ceremonial administrative centre of the Abbasid empire. The gate complex was considered as an extension of the palace area to which it led, with a royal audience hall surmounting each of the city’s outer gates. Thus the dignitary from the moment he stepped into the outer gateway was made to feel as if he were in the presence of the Caliph’s palace. From this model we see a political fomation of one sovereign whose control radiates from the circle’s centre in control of all its parts.

Baghdad City Circular Form: The most famous round city during the Mesopotamia era; Baghad, build by Al-Mansur in the eighth century.

URBA NI S ATION IN THE S A H A R A

SA H A R A N TR A DE CIT Y - A IN SA L A H SOUTHERN GA S FIELDS The Saharan Trade City plan is based on a social political diagram in which conflict between different constituencies is spatialised through the figure of a circle broken into parts. The city has no hegemon, instead exists in a permanent state of asymmetry driven by the tension between each group. It is hypothesised that the Saharan port city can stabilise the territory through prosperity not force. Its edges could be liquid like the sea that surrounds it. We engage specifically with Krechba, In Salah as our proposed site. Ain Salah is Algeriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest gas field and Krechba is its central processing facility, located along the trans-saharan highway, a point of convergence for existing Saharan activity and trans saharan migration routes. Founded as a major hydrocarbon extraction site in the 1960s and more recently, in 2000 has become a pilot project for underground carbon sequestration and storage. Ain Salah as a centre of knowledge regarding extraction of desert resources- vital in its geographic position above groundwater reservoirs and limestone deposits required for cultivation of agriculture in the Sahel. The left information mapping shows the relation of gas plant facilities with a technical detection of gas deposit. With a main CCS production, the key positioning in extractors and re-injectors has been marked. A gas reserve can be bound in two ways; GWC and GFC. KB 501, 502, 503 are the final stage of processing machine to inject CO2 into the udnerground layer. Ain Salah Southern Gas Fields Underground Deposit / Activities GWC FGC Gas Deposit Density

(Gas Water Contact) (Full Gas Column)

Surface Activities Gas Producer CO2 Starage Inlet Pipelines Industrial Roads

(Extraction Well) (Injection Well)

Krechba Mapping: Subterranean gas reservoir and location of the plant facilities, Ain Salah Southern Gas Fields, Algerian Sahara

URBA NI S ATION IN THE S A H A R A

SA H A R A N TR A DE CIT Y - A IN SA L A H SOUTHERN GA S FIELDS Urbanisation is a science that brings multiple elements together and a representation of the collective idea. The process of urbanisation is the negotiation between different social groups, which happens in different scales from the city, to the neighbourhood, architecture, arriving at a balance between co-exist and co-operate. The discourse of Utopianism was inspired by a harmonious society and sought out a status that a city can survive as self-sufficient. The fail of the utopian city experiment is the simplification of understanding the coexist and co-operate in city scale, ignoring its relation to other cities or region. In this context, the project proceeds with an understanding of how Ain- Salah cooperates with other cities in the Saharan network as an archipelago that compresses such a relation. The project examines the operation of such a social rule with the engagement of morphology analysis, in order to understand how radical social lifestyle were implemented not only as totalising utopians but a political concept to organise groups of inhabitants. Looking at the traditional village settlement of the Mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;zab Valley in central Algeria, [urbanised by the Ibadhites], whereby the political and cultural life were investigated as elements organised around social rule.

Ain Salah Southern Gas Fields At Krechba, CO2 is separated from the natural gas from the three fields, and recycled into the saline formation some 1950m below. The CO2 is injected down-dip from the gas zone, and is trapped by the mudstones above. The reservoir covers an area approximately 20 kilometres long by five kilometres wide. Four new producing wells with horizontal sections enter the gas zone. The gas is trapped in this zone by a 950m thick layer of mudstone forming a natural seal above it, preventing its upward migration. The three CO2 injection wells are located several kilometres from the Krechba plant. With one of technical monitorings and simulations of the storage site, above diagram shows the expasion of CO2 for years later. This trapping is expected for 20 million years.

Carbon Capture and Storage: Carbon Trapping Mechanism and Sequestration [Pioneering Project], Ain Salah Southern Gas Fields, Algerian Sahara

THE CIT Y A S A THE ATRE OF DIFFERENCE

M A STERPL A N OF THE A IN SA L A H SA H A R A N TR A DE CIT Y Moving beyond the mono-centrality of the hydrocarbon facility, Krechba’s new spatial order and urban morphology is dually derived from its function as port, as with traditional Arab-Berber modes of social organisation investigated with the M’Zab Valley. A radiated pier formation serves to connect the space of circulation to the space of exchange and trade, a structure through which a limited scale of activity is promoted. In its section and proportion, the pier challenges the typical reading of the city as a public ground condition – proposing a centrifugal rather than centripetal form of organisation that can continually re-energise the urban edge. Diversity of land ownership can be produced by limiting ownership and parcellation of the piers to a specific angle of the circle. Through insertion, integration and dominance, empowerment of a specific constituency at the expense of another can be established.

Ain Salah Trade City Master Plan: Ain Salah Trade City placed above the Ain Salah Southern Gas Fields and the Pioneering Carbon Sequestration and Storage Project.

THE CIT Y A S A THE ATRE OF DIFFERENCE

C I T Y O R G A N I S AT I O N The city works in hand with six industries each socially and functionally distinct. Governance, trade and social services are determined by each industry and allow for moments of â&#x20AC;&#x153;violenceâ&#x20AC;? or interaction as these social infrastructures pull the muliti-collectives into its centre through moments of exchange. These industry clusters can be likened to that of embassies, whereby collectives are linked not through a hegemon, but through the sharing of work across the Sahara [like that of a guild] and therefore explores the relationship between citizens of a city and of embassies. The proposal addresses a political moment whereby the South is seen as autonomous to the North, through recolonising - starting on the frontier.

Ain Salah Trade City: Interior Perpsective from the Embassadorial Head-Quarters of the Ain Salah Saharan Trade City [From inside the Climate Dish]

NORM ATI V IT Y W ITHIN THE CIT Y

Ain Salah Trade City: Aerial View of the Ain Salah Saharan Trade City, Ain Salah Southern Gas Fields, Algerian Sahara

THREE PROP OSITION S FOR BUILDING FORM

THREE PROPOSITIONS FOR BUILDING FORM BA SED ON SOCI A L COMPOSITION As part of the archipelago in the trans-Saharan trade network, this project hypothesises a compound of different social groups to settle here, which correspond to the cities multiple industry sectors. They are; The Family Unit, Seasonal Worker and the Fly-In Fly-Out Worker. Interested in the encounter of these collectives, the proposal looks at the urban and architecture morphology historically in North Africa to understand the interactions and transformation of the social relations. Three periods: Pre-colonial, Colonial and Post Colonialism are looked at in order to analysise the architecture typology, and living and social codes.

Type 1: The Family Unit We want to recall the courtyard function: the act of gather, that through circulation. We add two blocks appended to the traditional courtyard type, as the injection of modern life: Living room area; the guest room and pray room. Then, through the creation of the public courtyard and private courtyard, we create two moments: the family union; the encounter of the visitor and residents.

Type 2: The Seasonal Worker [Ain Salah House] Ain Salah House is a variation of the courtyard house for seasonal workers in trans-Saharan network cities. The structure is programmed to observe individual privacy in the courtyard living unit, but contrary to the typical inward facing courtyard dwelling, Ain Salah house encourages opportunities of social interaction through a communal circulation wall that faces outward onto the street.

Type 3: Fly-In Fly-Out Worker [FIFO] This community is built upon the actions of all members, forming a network of constantly changing interrelations and interdependencies. The lack of hierarchy that exits between each block is aimed to prioritise correspondence between collectives rather than the traditional separation that commonly positions FIFO workers on the outskirts of a community. Interaction occurs in the common areas such as interior walkways, courtyards and the gentle ramps between the two levels of this distinctly horizontal proposal.

Social Composition: The Social Composition of the Ain Salah Saharan Trade City; The Algerian Family Unit [National], Seasonal Worker and FIFO Worker

A RCHITEC T UR A L PRECEDENCE

T Y P E S T U D Y: H O U S I N G I N T H E P R E - C O L O N I A L P E R I O D [ M ’ Z A B VA L L E Y ] The houses of this typology form towns created by the Ibadhites; they are fortified, built on concealed hills in the M’Zab valley, and they form the Pentapolis of the M’Zab. The valley is charatised by a series of date palm plantations that cultivate seasonal work for its inhabitants. The house in the M’Zab corresponds to the courtyard house, with rooms organised around a central courtyard. Each house is inhabited by a single family and the size of each is strictly adapted to their size. These houses form a very dense radial urban fabric, topped in each case by the minaret of the mosque. In this sense, secrecy and reservedness reign, are given importance within the ksar [neighbourhood]. The street network is crooked. Alleys give no direction and are bordered by blind walls. People with the same clan live in the same neighbourhood, sharing the commual alley ways. As in most examples of traditional housing in the muslim world, the facade of the house reveals rather little of what is taking place inside. While the outside world is male dominated, the inside of the house is the women’s territory. The traditional M’zab house consisted of four different levels: ground and entry floor, upper floor, roof terraces, and basement. The ground floor contained the main spaces in the house: the entry, central room (roofed courtyard with small lightwell), family living room, kitchen, and multipurpose room. The central room was used for family interaction, children’s play areas, and for weddings and festivals. It was also used for daily activities such as sleeping, cooking, eating, and weaving. The family living room was used mainly for family activities or for receiving female guests. Parents and children used the multipurpose room for sleeping, as well as for storage and animals. The upper floor had a more open courtyard and contained male guest rooms, bedrooms, storage rooms, and other multipurpose spaces. This floor was usually reached by covered stairs and was connected to the neighboring house by a wall opening which facilitated socializing between female members of M’zab families. The roof terraces contained many spaces divided by partitions for various summer family activities such as sleeping and sitting at night. The terraces were always reached by an open staircase.

Underground floor spaces also contained main family spaces used in the summer for activities such as sitting and sleeping. The traditional M’zab house allowed residents to enjoy life in the open air and also live securely in a confined area completely protected on all sides. This type of settlement maintained the privacy of domestic life in accordance with the Muslim way of life, M’zabite socio-cultural values, and the severe environmental factors of the desert.

M’ZAB VALLEY CASE STUDY

M’Zab Valley Case Study: City and Neighbourhood Typological Study

-SCALE:CITY

M’ZAB VALLEY CASE STUDY -SCALE:CITY

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City Wall Mosque Market City Wall Mosque Market

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M’ZAB VALLEY CASE STUDY -SCALE:CITY

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City Wall Mosque Market

A RCHITEC T UR A L PRECEDENCE -SCALE:NEIGHBOURHOOD

T Y P E S T U D Y: H O U S I N G I N T H E P R E - C O L O N I A L P E R I O D [ M ’ Z A B VA L L E Y ]

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Female area Male area Mix-use family area Courtyard

Housing Typology: Pre-Colonial Housing Typology [M’Zab Valley, Algerian Sahara]

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Housing Typology: Pre-Colonial Housing Typology [Mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Zab Valley, Algerian Sahara] Tradition Berber Courtyard

A RCHITEC T UR A L PRECEDENCE

T Y P E S T U D Y: H O U S I N G I N T H E C O L O N I A L P E R I O D - S I D I B E L A B B L E S C O L O N I A L M I L I TA R Y T O W N S

COLONI A L HOUSING T Y PE S

The first task of the military upon stabilising territorial control is fortification. Laying out road networks allows the military to occupy the territory efficiently and is a regulatory framework than an urban management scheme. A fundamental concept in the analysis of processes for structuring colonial urban space is that of regulation. Many simplistic notions have dominated in the analysis of urban structures, identifying axial or centralised figures as those of domination, stessing the strict prescriptiveness of their plans. On this point, it underlines that while colonialism was certainly founded on armed and legalised violence, such voilence was not an end in itself.

The Colonial Housing Blocks of Algeria recalled the spatial organisation of the rural housing type. Organised by an everextendable grid, each unit consisted of two rooms, a court with a water outlet, a separate toilet, and a sheltered terrace, “Loggia”.

The town of Sidi bel Abbles on the Algerian northern periphery was designed uniquely for a European migrants. The village consisted of several mosques and Morrish baths and was structured around the Arab market in the town’s main square. This appreciation of the Arab culture however came with changes that involved the abandonment of the fortified wall and its replacement along most of its length by an external boulevard, a military quarter for public settlement, and transforming the public areas to French isspired collanades. Centres of colonisation were in all cases created along a military camp and were initially inhabited by workmen and tradesmen in the service of the army, their transformation into European settlements often came with a divide between Arabic culture and European ways of life. The first rule of management of Colonial towns was to keep close to a regular geometrical figure in laying out the perimeter of the town. The town was drawn up on a grid pattern which was identical to the European town. Similarity, the town gates were placed in the axes of the two main roads, where fortified walls were replaced by a central road network that kept in parallel to allow colonial troops to quickly enter and fortify the town.

The 40-square-meter individual units in the higher blocks of the Cite des Eucalyptus repeated a similar configuration, the formula that had evolved from a consensus on the lifestyle of indigenous people. A major difference from the earlier schemes was the placement of the bathroom inside the unit as opposed to its former location in the loggia, a change that stemmed in part from the diminished size of the latter. The toilet and the kitchen now became a unit in a most unhygienic combination. Perhaps it was again the new dimensions of the loggia that led the architects to make provisions for privacy by including high screens that allowed for “correct ventilation” while satisfying the Muslims’ “taste for apartments sealed off from the exterior.” The Groupe des Cyclamens, an apartment complex in Clos Salembier, was organised in four, six story blocks with four units per story in each block. The unit sizes varied from one to four bedrooms. These were minimalist units that incorporated the few features determined to conform to the needs of “evolutionary” indigenous families: kitchenette in a corner of the living room, a loggia now reduced to a width of 1 meter (thus unusable as an extension of the living space and offering no privacy), and a water closet about 2 square meters that included a toilet, sink, and shower. The facades expressed the floor plans in a straightforward manner, the recesses of the balconies creating light and shade contrasts; a rectilinear geometry, generated by the prefabricated construction system, dominated the scheme. The architectural vocabulary and the massing aspired to Pouillon’s principles in nearby Diar elMahcoul.

Colonial Architecture: Sidi Sidi Bel Abbes Neighbourhood in the Algiers Hinterland, Algeria [Archival Photograph]

A RCHITEC T UR A L PRECEDENCE

T Y P E S T U D Y: H O U S I N G I N T H E C O L O N I A L P E R I O D Housing

Cultral Facility

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Colonial Housing: Typological Study on the Groupe des Cyclamens Housing Estate. Clos Salembier, Algeria.

Unit to Whole

Sidi Sidi Bel Abbes Case Study: City and Neighbourhood Typological Study [Above: City Scale, Below: Neighbourhood Scale] Arab Market Mosque Military Town Market Church

Neighbourhood

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Architecture In Military Town

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64 Housing Cultral Facility

Military Use Public Space

A RCHITEC T UR A L PRECEDENCE

T Y P E S T U D Y: H O U S I N G I N T H E P O S T- C O L O N I A L P E R I O D After the 1962 War of Independence, the new independent Algerian government established a modern socialist movement. This period lasted from 1962 to 1989, bringing with it major reformations to the economy of the country. While some efforts were made to address the housing crisis, the majority of the focus was on developing the industrial sector. The rise of industrialisation created thousands of job opportunities, which in turn lead to an increase in migration from rural areas of Algeria and the North African region. The result was a severe shortage in housing and over population of existing housing units. The government responded by developing standardised complexes of social housing, known as “Z.H.U.N”. This international model of housing, based on the process of prefabrication and standardisation was intended to provide Algerian urban population with modern, decent and affordable housing. Most of the Z.H.U.N housing estates were built on peripheral extensions and conceived in blocks of apartments arranged freely on vast open spaces. Initially, it was foreseen to endow them with all necessary facilities in order to satisfy the needs of the residents. Nevertheless, they remained incomplete, badly finished and deprived from all facilities for many years. The question of whether this model of housing leads to more anonymity has been an issue of concern to many social psychologists and environmental designers. Researches revealed the negative effects of such living environments which tend to be unfavorable to social relationship. (Lobout ,1968; Kaminski,1978; Keane, 1991; Coleman,1999) Common areas between the houses are important features that afford social activities in neighborhoods. Nevertheless, much of urban research seems to indicate that the decline of social life in housing estates is closely related to the design of their communal outdoor spaces. It is the spatial arrangement of the blocks that have been found to reduce the chance of social interaction among residents and influence the activity pattern.

[ A I N A L L A H H O U S I N G E S TAT E ] The concept of Ain-Allah’s layout is inspired from the layout of most of the colonial areas in Algiers where the facilities are situated on the ground floor of the buildings along the main street. The implementation of Ain-Allah’s buildings along a dangerous road with heavy traffic, not frequented by many pedestrians, however, makes it necessary to have the facilities inverted on an internal street. The way in which the buildings are implemented creates common spaces designed for the residents living around them, but creates no main street which links all the parts of the project which could therefore support the facilities. Consequently, certain common spaces are designated for this purpose. The internal streets and the common spaces were, at first, designed to be pedestrian and consequently would have been used as playing areas for children and meeting spaces for adults. However, this design proposal was opposed by the fire safety commission as it did not conform to the required distance of a maximum of 150 metres between the furthest dwelling and the nearest fire engine access. To avoid the problem of redesigning the layout of the project and requesting the postponement of the date of its completion, designers allowed vehicular access.

Post-Colonial Housing: Photograph of the exterior facade of a housing block in Algiers, Algeria

A RCHITEC T UR A L PRECEDENCE

T Y P E S T U D Y: H O U S I N G I N T H E P O S T- C O L O N I A L P E R I O D

Post-Colonial Housing: [Left] Urban Morpology of the Decolonised Town of Ain Allah, Algeria. [Right] Photograph of Exterior Facade of the development during construction

PROGRAM 67

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Z . H .U. N H O U S I N G : A I N A L L A H , A L G E R I A

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School Parking School Buildings Parking Market Buildings Market

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Parking Buildings Pulic Realm Parking Buildings Pulic Realm

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Staircase Family Domain Transport place PulicStaircase Realm Family Domain Transport place Pulic Realm

THE FA MILY HOUSE

A N E X A MPLE OF THE A IN SA L A H HOUSING T Y PE We live in an era in which the nature, function, and structure of the family have been thrown into question. Many, for example, would consider an unmarried couple, a single mother, and an homosexual couple as equally legitimate expressions of the family unit. Islam takes a more conservative stance, arguing that the family is a divinely inspired institution, with marriage at its core. This project explores what the family means for Muslims living in the Saharan Trade City Network. The ain is not to be prescriptive, but rather to provide clinicians with key insights needed to allow their Muslim patientsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; concerns to be adequately heard. One of the most striking features of Muslim society is the importance attached to the family. The family unit is regarded as the cornerstone of a healthy and balanced society. The different plane of emphasis from that found in individual-centered cultures is for many remarkable.

Invention of a New Living Code Aim: To recall the courtyard function: gathering people through circulation. However, since the traditional courtyard is inward and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have function for contemporary life, the design of the family unit injects new elements into the traditional courtyard as to create of a new living code. Courtyard Two blocks are added to the traditional courtyard type; Living room area; the guest room and pray room. Then, through the creation of the public courtyard and private courtyard, two moments are created: the family union; the encounter of the visitor and resident. Water In order to adapt to the harsh desert climate, ground water in the form of internal streams, which flow through the family courtyard and surrounding public courtyard. The streams aim in creating an ambient temperature for sufficient living conditions. Structure The housing type is made up by two family units. One family unit has two different spatial functions: Family social life/ Basic daily life. The space for socialisation is wrapped by the space for daily life, with the distinction of structure type. While the former one is more open with the light structure, the latter one is composed by thick walls with small openings. Roof Terrace The roof terrace is designed for domestic programmes such as drying clothes, family leisure and place to sleep during the summer.

01. Pitched roof for wind catch 02. Semi-Roof Room for summer sleep 03. Roof Space 04.Guest Room 05. Female domestic workshop 06. Family Courtyard 07. Bedrooms 08. Living Room 09. Pray Room 10. Extended Walls for public 11. Man-made creek for cooling weather 12. Public Courtyard

Traditional Family Type 03

Family Realm Extended 05

07 08 09

10 New Courtyard Generated for Public Use

THE FA MILY HOUSE

A N E X A MPLE OF THE A IN SA L A H HOUSING T Y PE

GROUND FLOOR PLAN 9

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A N E X A M P L E O F T H E A I N S A L A H H O U S I N G T Y P E AT T H E N E I G H B O U R H O O D S C A L E The neighbourhood scale drawing is an illustration of how the extended family typology can work within the urban fabric of the Ain Salah Saharan Trade City. Opposing social attributes are distributed throughout the urban environment through the use of the wall. Here a third third space, that of public characteristics is formed. This space will allow for the access of the urban scale for temporal workers and visitors and therefore representing the idea conceived atthe urban scale; to invite people from other Saharan Trade Cities into the city. Through the defines of the wall, we create an enclosed space, that acts as the potential programme for the scale of the neighbourhood. Acts between constituencies is played out in a city as a theatre of difference.

02.

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The Family Type at the Neighbourhood Scale 01. Semi-Private Street 02. Public Accessible Street

THE CIT Y A S A THE ATRE OF DIFFERENCE

N A R R AT I V E O N E - D E S I R E [ P E R S P E C T I V E O F T H E P I L O T ] The city can be reached in two ways: overland or by air. This city displays one face to the traveler arriving overland and a different one to those who arrive by air. When the pilot sees upon the horizon the glowing lights, whose flames have yet to be extinguished glisten in the reflection of his field of view - we know he has reached the city. It is a machine, alight. Its engine will take him away from the desert, the glaring heat no match to what it promises as his reward for undertaking this pilgrimage. From the sky, the machine never stops. It is a factory based on the length of a human beings capacity to work. The city does not stop when the man sleeps, it breathes on, as his neighbour continues the work he has left for him. The pilot sleeps. He is greeted with goods unseen to him. He enjoys the tranquility of this oasis. It is time to return. The men seated behind him, drained and exhausted, but with pockets full, sit obediently. These are men that live on clockwork, whose hands are responsible for the deep heavy breaths this city takes.

THE CIT Y A S A THE ATRE OF DIFFERENCE

N A R R AT I V E T W O - S E C T O R / C I T Y R E L AT I O N S Narrative Two - Sector / City relations In the centre of the city whose shores greet you with such delight stands a metal building with a man in every room. Looking into each room, you see the city from each mans perspective. Each perspective is the form the city could have taken, if for one reason or another, it had not become what we see today. In every age each man looking at the city as it was, imagined a way of making it the ideal city, but while constructing his ideal city, is was already no longer the same as before, and what had been until this change a possible future, became an object within the room. The building with its objects is now the cities museum: every inhabitant visits it, choses the city that corresponds to his desires, contemplates it, imagining his reflection in the water which begins to flood the buildings interior. On the map of the emperorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s territory, there must be room both for the big city, and the ones displayed within the rooms. Not because they are all equally real, but because all are only assumptions. The one contains what is accepted as necessary when it is not yet so; the others, what is imagined as possible and, a moment later, is possible no longer.

THE CIT Y A S A THE ATRE OF DIFFERENCE

N A R R AT I V E T H R E E - M E M O R Y, C I T Y S E Q U E N C I N G The traveler is invited to visit the city, at the same time, to examine the photographs that show how it used to be. The public square with large boulders in the place of the bus station, a dirt track in the place of the overpass. If the traveler does not wish to disappoint the inhabitants, he must praise the photographs for capturing the inhospitable conditions of this cities former self. He must prefer the present day city. If the city had remained unchanged one cannot look back with nostalgia at what it was. However he is careful not to praise what the city has become too much. Admitting the magnificence and prosperity of the city when compared to the old, provincial city cannot compensate for those artifact and rituals lost. He must be aware of not saying that sometimes cities follow one another, on the same site, under the same name, being born and dying without knowing one another, without communication. It is pointless to ask whether this city is better or worse than the old as the old photographs do not depict the city as it was, but a different city which, by chance, shared the same name.

Liquid Earth, Solid Sea: Bartlett B-Pro Exhibition Geopolitical Map, September 2014

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THREE DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF AIN SALAH SAHARAN TRADE CIT Y

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The city can be reached in two ways: overland or by air. This city displays one face to the traveler arriving overland and a dif ferent one to those who arrive by air. When the pilot sees upon the horizon the glowing lights, whose flames have yet to be extinguished glisten in the reflection of his field of view - we know he has reached the city. It is a machine, alight. Its engine will take him away from the deser t, the glaring heat no match to what it promises as his reward for under taking this pilgrimage. From the sky, the machine never stops. It is a factor y based on the length of a human beings capacity to work. The city does not stop when the man sleeps, it breathes on, as his neighbour continues the work he has lef t for him.

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GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTION OF AIN SALAH SOUTHERN GAS FIELDS AND KRECHBA CARBON SEQUESTRATION RESERVOIR AIN SALAH SAHARAN TRADE CIT Y, ALGERIA

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Hydrogeology of Upper Devonian and Carboniferous.

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B-Pro Exhibition, 2014: Photographs by Storehouse. RC11 Exhibition Space for the MArch Urban Design + GAD Exhibition, September 2014

B-Pro Exhibition, 2014: Photographs by Storehouse. Artefacts that possess the essence of the MArch Urban Design Course Epistemologies.

OPEN AGENDA

[OA]

Urban Imag i naries Cent res for Resource Ext ract ion

Juxtaposition: Kalgoorlieâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Super Bit [left] + Kiirunavaara Iron Ore Mine, Kiruna [right]

Open Agenda is an annual competition aimed at supporting a new generation of experimental architecture. Open to recent graduates, Open Agenda is focused on developing the possibilities of design research in architecture and the built environment. This Australian and New Zealand competition is intentionally broad in its scope, and dedicated to fostering new discussions on architecture in the public realm. An initiative of the School of Architecture at the University of Technology Sydney [UTS], past winners have been graduates from Australian and New Zealand universities; including RMIT and the University of Wellington, who have explored a broad range of topics relevant to current Architecture discourse in Australia. To begin: The Kiruna transformation project was inaugurated in 2004 when Swedenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest mining company; LKAB informed the Kiruna Municipality that its mining activities would begin to affect the town. The town has now begun its unprecedented urban transformation 3 kilometres east of its exisitng town centre.

OPEN AGENDA [OA ] C OMPE TITION

URBA N IM AGIN A RIE S Through Open Agenda, the emerging design research platform; the people, life and design of a resource town was depicted in its affiliation with the dynamic nature of resource imaginaries as the town begins its unprecedented urban transformation and relocation. The 2014 proposal, ‘Urban Imaginaries: Centres for Resource Extraction,’ examined Kiruna; the northernmost town in Sweden, and suggested that while in the Arctic north, the town has many of the characteristics of the mining town of Kalgoorlie, in the desert of Western Australia. Through photography, documentation and drawings both towns were investigated by means of territorial exploration. This analysis focused on the representation of their physical infrastructural transformation, as spaces regarded as contemporary inhabited territories for resource extraction.1 Kiruna and Kalgoorlie have common themes, which are relevant in the anthropogenic relationship between urban design, sustainability and the geological significance of a territory. These are towns established from the need for resources and their efficient extraction, but are places of extreme climate patterns whose urban infrastructures are deployed for political purposes, including territorial claims to pacify the ideals of contemporary western society. It is in the pursuit of the idealism that mankind is superior to nature, which non-indigenous people attempt to stamp urbanism on these hostile climatic extraction areas.2 Today, the indigenous trade routes and seasonal characteristics that make up the natural environment have been forgotten or left out, as the State’s emphasis is on the extraction of wealth and the creation of ‘imaginaries’ for their workers. By definition, imaginaries are concerned with the political ideologies of the State. These patterned convocations create a mode of existence expressed in concepts such as shared moral order or the status quo of a nation state, collective or doctrine. Like that of a nation or community, imaginaries can be expressed as cultural artifacts of a particular kind.3 Traditionally, major cities depend on mineral resources to create their man-made environment, but the extraction of these resources often create temporary urban centres in remote locations. These centres are often finite in duration

and transient like the resources that are being extracted. The design of centres for resource extraction, whether accommodation camps or new towns, depict the need for security, safety and work efficiency of employees. As typified by fly in and fly out camps in Australia, their design and functionality largely cater specifically for people who are only temporarily there. The importance of resources is such that they can be more valuable than urban land, as illustrated in the case study of Kalgoorlie situated in the goldfields of Western Australia, and Kiruna in Swedish Lapland where poor planning has caused mining to encroach on the city centre and residential areas.4 In remote areas of Australia and Sweden the indigenous or first nation peoples were there before and will be there after the resource extraction has finished. The clash of culture is temporary and the urban legacy is short but the hostile natural environment lives on. Kiruna is a territory about to be reshaped into a new configuration; where sovereignty, land and resources are recomposed into a new set of relations. These relations rely heavily on the polities and importance of resources assigned by the State, as global demand for iron ore, and territorial stability increases. This unprecedented territorial transformation; coordinated by Sweden’s largest mining company, Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag [LKAB] and the Kiruna Municipality forges the State to reassess the condition of extraction sites, allowing them to rationalise the level at which architecture and urban design forge imaginaries for the loci at an unseen before scale, amplitude, and permanency. It is political understanding attached to the term ‘resource’ which harnesses these extraction sites as areas of contention and which sees architecture and urban design become political configurations of sovereign control. Understood as an object or substance produced from ‘nature’ for the use and enrichment of human life; resources, resource making and resource claiming have never before had a more profound relationship to time.5 The relocation and redevelopment of Kiruna has come at a time of a new geological epoch [the Anthropocene] in which sustainability, ecology and urban design play an important relationship in the construct of territory. The global investment into the

CENTRE S FOR RE SOURCE E X TR ACTION climate change sciences has shaped the redevelopment of the Kiruna town centre and gradual relocation into an investigation into future sustainable urban centres. Elizabeth Emma Ferry and Mandana E. Limbert have argued that nothing is essentially or self-evidently a resource.6 On this premise, it can be argued that resource making is a social and political undertaking. To lay a claim on an object or substance is to reference it as a resource to which a history or histories can be applied too.7 Therefore, within the history of resource extraction and extraction sites, architecture and urban design are set up to mediate the interaction between ‘nature’ and ‘society’. The new town of Kiruna and its relocation regulate the ideational system of imaginaries instilled by its coordinators; LKAB and the Kiruna Municipality. Ore is a term used for rocks that have a large enough concentration of a mineral or metal to make mining profitable.8 For an ore deposit to be regarded profitable, global ore prices and mining costs must be determined prior to production. Drawing global attention for its apparent unparalleled relocation, one third of the town of Kiruna will be demolished, and its town centre will move three kilometres east as a result of ore extraction. The relocation scheme commenced in 2004 as the iron ore mining at the Kiirunavaara mine in Kiruna began development on a main level depth of 1,365 metres.9 The body of ore, composed of the iron mineral called magnetite, lies on an oblique disc; at a 60 degree angle in towards the existing town centre of Kiruna. This ensures severe affects, deformation, and a pertinent relocation of the town for its survival.10 What is believed to be the world’s largest contiguous highgrade iron ore body, spanning four kilometres in length and 80 metres wide, its possible vertical expanse is unknown.11 There are indications that the ore body could extend to a depth of two kilometres, which appears to unravel further in toward the city of Kiruna ensuring the town’s relocation as paramount for the mine’s productivity. With a population of close to 18,000, the town has withstood previous redevelopments because of the mine’s expansion. In the 1970s, the town’s Ön district was demolished, forcing over 100 dwellings and some public infrastructure to be relocated.

Its present day transformation however will affect all those involved in the town. As residents, temporal workers, or visitors will see each area of the city transform as the town centre and its new urban corridor will move away from the mine and its operations. The mining town of Kalgoorlie with a population of around 11,000 in 1989, merged with its neighbouring town of Boulder, with 13,000 people, to form what is recognised today as the City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder. Similarly, within the same year, separate operating gold mines in the region merged through numerous corporate activities to form a single operation - Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines [KCGM]. Today, with a population of around 31,000 The City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder is the fifth largest urban centre in Western Australia.For the first time since 1893, when gold mining commenced, has the extraction of gold from over 2,000 ore lodes taken place in a coordinated manner.12 This coordination, innovation in processes to extract low grade gold ore, but more importantly, changing from many separate underground mines to one large-scale open cut pit, resulted in Australia’s largest gold operation and opportunities for the newly formed city. Due to the density of historical gold mines the area was termed the Golden Mile and considered by some to contain, ‘the richest square mile of gold reserves in the world.’13 With the amalgamation of Kalgoorlie and Boulder, and the development of KCGM, transformation on the urban and natural landscape took place. While the rest of Australian was in a recession, The City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder thrived, as internal migration saw its population grow. New infrastructure, urban development and town centre transformation took place while historical elements that once classified these towns as respective Victorian mining settlements was lost in the development of an open cut pit. The development of this solidary open cut pit; ‘The Super Pit,’ which now straddles the Golden Mile, dominates the landscape of the eastern side of the city.14 The city’s population growth saw the establishment of new suburbs in the 1990s, but at the same time consumed the entire suburbs of Trafalgar, Brown Hill and Fimiston that laid in the path of The Super Pit’s expansion.

OPEN AGENDA [OA ] C OMPE TITION

URBA N IM AGIN A RIE S This project attempts to demonstrate how urbanisation, regardless of its geopolitical positioning, is an architectural spatial apparatus designed to extract extensive mineral reserves.15 The redevelopment and continued upgrade of these contemporary inhabited territories, attempts to tackle economic development, population growth and decline, an aging population and social equity.16 These conditions harness a new understanding of the role of a programmatic underlay can have, to the perception of contemporised cities. In the case of Kiruna, developers and city makers can absorb the cultural and social understandings instilled by the State in policy making [imaginaries] to design a new framework for the architecture and urban design of these extraction centres.

- Felix Guattari, The Three Ecologies [1989]

To what extent does the exploitation of underground resources lead to the destruction of both environment and people in urbanisation’s state as extraction sites? The project attempts to demonstrate how resource extraction is key to understanding contemporary western society’s fascination with sustainable urban centres and how their quest for permanency draws attention to the reclamation of land for indigenous rights and cultural understanding. The Aboriginal and Sami peoples, whose transient way of life is attached to the seasonal weather and animal patterns of their respected regions has been disrupted as a result of resource extraction.

Territorial land claims, including Indigenous land rights, are often played out in areas of resource extraction. Urban extraction centres represent territorial claims for their workers, and can be compared to the mineral claims that establish mineral ownership. Creating an urban presence and the imaginary of urban living, despite the extreme climate, establishes and cements territorial claims. Therefore, landscapes and territories can be seen as cultural products. In agreement with John Palmesino, our perception of these are formed by; image building, values, rhetoric and politics.17 The assimilation of these has contributed to extraction areas to be seen as hostile, ecologically damaged or impassive to human occupation through primeval techniques of extraction to present day debates regarding exploitation and preservation. As isolated areas around the globe are being transformed into extraction territories, energy spaces and landscapes for tourism activities, the importance of sustainable and ecologically sophisticated urban centres continue to build and gain global attention. New industries, such as scientific and space research, and tourism gain foothold within these territories, conceptualising an understanding of these spaces

The Luossavaara Lake which once cradled the Kiirunavaara mountain peak, was part of the seasonal Sami herding of reindeer through the region. Upon expansion of the mine, the lake was damned three times - in 1959, 1997 and 2011 causing grazing lands and food sources to greatly diminish. Due to the mine’s expansion, the land that once squashed the seasonal grazing of these indigenous animals into small areas of natural landscape, now unfit for infrastructural development due to its proximity to the mine, will be reclaimed. This area, which sits inside a solid red line indicated on the official LKAB maps of Kiruna, exposes the predicted affected area by deformation when the mine’s 1,365 metre main level is reached.18 LKAB and Kiruna Municipality have agreed to establish a green space called Gruvstadspark [Mine City Park], which will act as a vegetated barrier between the mine and the community. Under guidelines by the environmental Court, provisions for how much the ground may move before the site must be redistricted into a mining area has been put in place.19 The Mine City Park tackles the visible signs of deformation of the landscape by acting as a buffer to ‘soften’ the extent to which the landscape becomes altered, but also

“Now more than ever, nature cannot be separated from culture; in order to comprehend the interactions between ecosystems, the mechanosphere and the social and individual Universes of reference, we must learn to think ‘transversally’”.

as new commodified landscapes. Social research undertaken by the municipality of Kiruna has brought a human scale, social obligation and investment on a region that is about to embark on a process of reterritorialisation. Mapping techniques and mineral deposit exploration render a more diverse and valid image of traditional landscapes, allowing for the local and global audiences a more profound understanding of these territories.

CENTRE S FOR RE SOURCE E X TR ACTION illustrates the sequential use of land that has been impacted by mining. As mining depth increases so too will the cracks. Already visible from Kiruna’s Town Hall are cracks that have already caused the evacuation of the city’s train station in 2012 and the Hjalmar Lundbohm Road to be re-routed. Now, recognition and reclamation of the indigenous people’s rights to the land is one way in which investors are encouraging these sites to be adaptive, porous and accessible to a greater number of people. With the first phase of the park development undergone in the summer of 2011, by 2018 the entire area ear marked for deformation will be included into the Mine City Park. The Kiruna transformation project was inaugurated in 2004 when LKAB informed the Kiruna Municipality that its mining activities would begin to affect the town.20 Under the Swedish Mining Act, LKAB must defray the cost of the transformation as it is the company’s mining that is making the urban transformation necessary. Furthermore, the Kiruna Municipality reserved all rights on the location of the new town centre on condition it met the correct standards for the safe and efficient operation of the mine. In June 2012, the Kiruna Municipality invited ten shortlisted teams of architects to take part in a competition to determine the, ‘vision, strategy and design’ of a new city centre for a ‘new Kiruna.’21 The site allocated for the town’s new City Hall was hailed a ‘resource’ for its strategic position along a north-east corridor that would allow urban expansion to not impact the mine’s operations. As part of the overarching agenda for the completion and development of a ‘New Kiruna,’ phasing and aesthetics are paramount for the successful redevelopment and relocation; “Throughout the transformation process, the city must function and be perceived as attractive... The biggest challenge in this phase of the city transformation process is to create clear strategies and principles for how the city transformation is to take place in time and space. It is crucial that the work should be based on the social, cultural, practical and perceptual aspects that are significant in creating security, enthusiasm and faith in the future among the people of Kiruna and the participating actors.”22

The redevelopment of Kiruna was won by White Arkitekter together with Ghilardi + Hellsten Arkitekter, SpacescapeAB, Vectura Consulting AB, and Evidens BLW AB, in their collaborative proposal; Kiruna-4-Ever.23 The scheme boasts a new compact, varied and attractive city centre with close links to nature. The city will function and be perceived as a single entity through the entirety of its transformation, which, as defined by the jury, will involve as much of the people of Kiruna in the transformation as a solely physical process. The consideration towards the deformed landscapes of the old Kiruna is believed to be an asset of the proposal worth considering with the opinion that, ‘it is an important duty to repair spoiled landscape to make it a resource and asset for Kiruna, rather than a scar that will eternally remind the people of Kiruna of what they have lost...’ …’The deformation area can become an asset and provide added quality for Kiruna.’24 It is intended that the new design will overcome many of Kiruna’s perceived problems; from the newly designed narrow streets that will break the wind and cold better to overcoming the gender imbalance between men and women that current exists in Kiruna. The number of people involved in a project of this scale exceeds the thousands and includes city planners, architects, landscape designers, biologists, urban designers, civil engineers, demolition and construction experts and builders, as well as social anthropologists. Through governmental initiatives the urbanisation of Kalgoorlie has been addressed through numerous workshops that aim to provide answers for the social, ecological and cultural issues associated with its urban expanse and geological location. The Enquiry-by-Design workshop coordinated by the Western Australia’s planning and land administration departments ear-marked several key areas of the Kalgoorlie precinct as future urban growth. The Western Australian Mining Act of 1978, however, states that the Minister for Mines must take into consideration town planning schemes, but does not prevent them from the granting of a mining tenement or the carrying out of any mining operations. Thus clearly demonstrating the State’s recognition that planning schemes can be modified, but not the location of mineral resources.

OPEN AGENDA [OA ] C OMPE TITION

URBA N IM AGIN A RIE S Over a decade since the publication of the Workshops Outcomes Report, little change to the areas has taken place. The Explosive Reserves and the Rubbish Tip rehabilitation site are two such examples that exemplify the committees desire to be turned into future urban developments. Explosive’s storage and manufacturing need substantial buffers, hence affecting major portions of the North West Sector of Kalgoorlie, which has been identified as prime potential urbanised area. As a result, residential developments have started to sprawl in a southerly direction along the Great Eastern Highway. This endless thread of residential enclaves mimics that of Perth, the State’s capital city, where residential pockets are being developed without the resolution of commercial and cultural sector plans. Unlike that of Kiruna’s whose initial town plan mimicked that of the garden city, it’s redevelopment tackles the aspects of the linear city and contemporary architecture and urban design discourse fascination with urban corridors - where cultural, social and economic utilities are amalgamated together. Romantic notions of landscapes are publicised in the media portrayal of the Kiruna redevelopment. In comparison to Kalgoorlie, the Artic landscape is envisioned as a field of opportunity for ubranisation to reconnect with nature and the natural endowment of its extreme climate region through sustainable, ecological and anthropogenic investigations. Kalgoorlie is often depicted in Australian discourse as a plane of undesirability. It’s natural environment harsh, with infrastructural development intoxicating the indigenous bush land. These opposing portrayals have seen, as well as clever marketing ploys, to portray the Swedish state’s ability to harness the potential of; ‘Sustainable Design’ in the North. Its reliance on the extraction of iron ore is paramount for the productivity of the State. Kalgoorlie, which may need to undergo similar urban transformations in the future for the survival of the mining industry and the town, has seen little international attention and design investigations to rival Kiruna. Is the imaginaries of Australia’s deserts less concerned with the extraction of gold ore or the possibilities of sustainable and ecological driven urbanised centres?

Is Kiruna; a geological landscape manipulated through a search for urban permanency, a precedent for the future of Kalgoorlie and the gold it extracts? Ultimately, resource extraction centres are highly political spaces that become spaces of contention as a result of their function and occupancy. The role of resources in the construction of territory and how isolated landscapes have emerged as spaces of contention within the apparatus of governance, allows us to recognise that the ‘urban’ is deployed within a State’s imaginings of resources. The relationship between resource extraction and territory establishes the argument that territory is used as an instrument for securing a particular outcome. In both Kalgoorlie and Kiruna the mineral territory, that is, the mineral leases, were superior to the rights that citizens have to remain in the same urban area where they may have always lived. Resources are owned by the State and hence decisions are made in the best interest of the State and not local individuals. It is geology that controls the distribution and location of economic resources, but it is people, the built-environment and infrastructure that controls the sustainability of urban centres. The extraction of resources has acted as the catalyst for the development of great urban development. Johannesburg and Kuala Lumpur are two great cities that started as extraction centres, but this is not the case for most of the modern cities of today. As illustrated by both Kalgoorlie in Western Australia and Kiruna in Sweden it is geology that is all important and for both, urban extraction centres have been consumed by the expansion of the mine. Natural resources of nation-states like Sweden and Australia create images of wealth, drawing attention away from the social and political issues associated with its poverty and social hardship. Wealth also brings with it the consequential issues of security to protect natural resources and facilities and infrastructure for extraction. Urbanity is therefore deployed within the realms of materiality and security and that governmentality is linked to its image generated from its natural endowment. The urban environment is influenced, controlled, maintained and planned by the government in its pursuit of resource extraction.

CENTRE S FOR RE SOURCE E X TR ACTION FOOTNOTE S: 1. Rönnskog, A.S. and Palmesino, J. (2014), Arraying Territories: Remote Sensing and Escalation in the North. Architecture Design, 84: 30–39. doi: 10.1002/ad.1699

19. ibid., page 12

2. Rich, Heyman, “Locating the Mississippi: Landscape, Nature, and National Territoriality at the Mississippi Headwaters,” American Quarterly, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 62, no. 2 (2010): 308.

21. Kiruna Kommun [Kiruna Municipality] and the Swedish board of Architects, “New City Centre for Kiruna; Competition Results, March 2013” www.kiruna.se/stadsomvandling

3. Benedict, Anderson Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and spread of Nationalism (Revised and Extended Edition) London: Verso p.06

22. ibid.,

4. Sheridan, M. (2010), Timely Assets: The Politics of Resources and Their Temporalities edited by Elizabeth Emma Ferry and Mandana E. Limbert. American Ethnologist, 37: 599–600. doi: 10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01274_13.x, page 03

20. LKAB, “Future: On the Urban Transformation of Kiruna” page 12

23. ‘Kiruna-4-Ever,’ http://www.white.se/en/project/268-the-new-kiruna, accessed 10th October 2014 24. Kiruna Kommun [Kiruna Municipality] and the Swedish board of Architects, “New City Centre for Kiruna; Competition Results, March 2013” www.kiruna.se/stadsomvandling

5. ibid., 6. Timely Assets, page 04 7. ibid., 8. LKAB, “Future: On the Urban Transformation of Kiruna” page 09 9. Goran, Cars, “Kiruna - A City in Transformation,” A Changing World: Redrawing the Map. The Colloquium 2013; Initiated and Chaired by His Majesty King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. 10. Goran, Cars, “Kiruna - A City in Transformation,” A Changing World: Redrawing the Map. The Colloquium 2013; Initiated and Chaired by His Majesty King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. 11. LKAB, “Future: On the Urban Transformation of Kiruna” page 09 12. ‘Kalgoorlie Super-Pit’ http://www.superpit.com.au/Geology/Overview/ tabid/62/Default.aspx; Accessed: 24th November 2014 13. ‘Kalgoorlie-Boulder Urban Strategy’ http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/14238. aspx#14247 Accessed: 24th November 2014 14. ‘City of Kalgoorilie-Boulder’ http://www.ckb.wa.gov.au/Your-Council,Your-City.aspx Accessed: 24th November 2014 15. Godofredo Pereira, “Atacama” 20.13 Forensic Architecture, Centre for Research Architecture Department of Visual Cultues Goldsmiths, University of London 16. Kiruna Kommun [Kiruna Municipality] and the Swedish board of Architects, “New City Centre for Kiruna; Competition Results, March 2013” www.kiruna.se/stadsomvandling 17. Rönnskog, A.S. and Palmesino, J. (2014), Arraying Territories: Remote Sensing and Escalation in the North. Architecture Design, 84: 30–39. doi: 10.1002/ad.1699 18. LKAB, “Future: On the Urban Transformation of Kiruna” page 09

Swedish Geopolitical Map: Geopolitical Map of Sweden, illustrating the Iron-Ore Mining town of Kiruna in Swedish lapland, Swedenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest city; Stockholm and the underlying geological composition of the country. Software used: GQIS / Illustrator / Photoshop

B A R E N T S

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Base Digital Elevation Map super imposed on a Hillshade rendering of the terrain.

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_i

- Geological Map of Sweden: [http://www.hoeckmann.de/karten/europa/schweden/index-en.htm]

Territorial Map of Kiruna: This drawing aims to emphasise the geological composition of the earth where the town has formed out of the need to extract resources. The drawing indicates a complex geological distribution of rocks that underlie this extraction town. Source: Geological Survey of Sweden and the Kiruna Municipality Software used: Rhino / Illustrator

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Lappmalmen Mine

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Luossajärvi Dam

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Abandoned Railway Station

LKAB Processing Plant 2013

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Australian Geopolitical Map: Geopolitical Map of Australia, illustrating the Mining town of Kalgoorlie in the Goldfields of Western Australia, Canberra; Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Capital City largest city, the underlying geological composition of Western Australia and Mining Jurisdictions. Software used: GQIS / Illustrator / Photoshop

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World Grid Australian State Boundaries West Australian Tectonic Units

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250m

Base Digital Elevation Map super imposed on a Hillshade rendering of the terrain.

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http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=57752

- West Australian Tectonic Units Map TYLER, I. M., and HOCKING, R. M., 2001, Tectonic units of Western Australia (scale 1:2,500,000): Western Australia Geological Survey

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Territorial Map of Kalgoorlie: This drawing aims to emphasise the geological composition of the earth where the town has formed out of the need to extract resources. The drawing indicates a complex geological distribution of rocks that underlie this extraction town. Source: Geological Survey of Western Australia Software used: Rhino / Illustrator

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gold deposit

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gold deposit

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Kalgoorlie Railway Station

Hidden Secret Pit

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Explosives Reserve

Waste rock dump gold deposit

gold deposit

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gold deposit

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gold deposit

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gold deposit

gold deposits

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construction material

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construction material

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Navajo W. Pit construction material

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Kiirunavaara Mine: View of the Kiirunavaara Mine and LKAB headquarters, 2nd October 2014. This image was taken from the edge of the now partially demolished Grvvagen road. This expressway once led motor vehicles across to Kiruna’s train station [now abandoned and relocated to an area south of the Kiirunavaara mine]. The road’s partial demolition was to make way for Phase One of the Kiruna redevelopment of which the municipality have coined the “Kiruna Mine Park.” This area of land, while safe enough for human leisure is incapable to uphold infrastructural supports necessary for urban development as a result of iron ore extraction within bedrock underneath the town’s centre. A visible sign of this action now appears on the earth’s surface via “cracks” - ground mutations and pot holes caused by blasts from the mine.

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Condominiums: Kiruna, Lapland Sweden [October 2014]. Image is of a series of housing condominiums that sit on side of a ridge in the Luossavaara area of Kiruna. The condominiums overlook the Kurravaara mine. At present they are within a 10 minute walking distance of the town centre. Upon the townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s relocation, this area will be marked as a peripheral urban area. Deterioration to the area is already noticeable with the abandonment of the townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ski lift chalet mid-construction just north of the site and areas previously planned for development left untouched post earth works [foreground].

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Inner City Housing: Kiruna Dwellings, October 2014. This housing estate is positioned in front of the Kiruna Town Hall just off the now semi-demolished Grvvagen road. The houses look out onto the Kiirunavvara mine and will be the next string of dwellings demolished as part of the Kiruna redevelopment. Relocation of the Town Hall is expected in 2016 when Phase Two of the development takes place. Residents residing in these homes will be given market value + 25% by LKAB for the demolition of their property.

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Housing and The Mine: Kiruna Dwelling, October 2014. The red coloured house - with uninterrupted views of the Kiirunavaara Mine, is now positioned in juxtaposition with the ever increasing mine and its productivity and the deteriorated town centre. Only 200 metres from the Kiruna Town Hall, the house its neighbouring dwellings will be demolished.

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Abandoned Housing: Image of a dilapidated house left abandoned only a short distance from the current town centre.

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Abandoned Railway Station : View of the abandoned Kiruna Train Station. This area of land - part of Phase One in the Kiruna Redevelopment Plan, will make way for the town’s new; Mine Park. The Park has strong emphasis on redirecting the reindeer migration paths and rehabilitating the local natural environment. A new expressway has been temporally built to redirect traffic away from the mine and areas of intense “cracking” [seen in the foreground].

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Luossavaara Mountain, Kiruna: Image taken on a hike up Luossavaara, October 2014. The close proximity of the Kiirunavaara mine to the town centre is apparent. By 2033, the town centre will have shifted to the eastern periphery of the existing town while this area will go under close monitoring. Since the discovery of iron ore deposits around Luossavaara in 2009, LKAB and the Kiruna Municipality were forced to rethink their original decision to move the town further north.

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Kalgoorlie from the plane: The KCGM Super Pit now dominates the landscape of Kalgoorlie-Boulder. Currently, this huge landmark stretches 3.6 kilometres long, 1.6 kilometres wide and 600 metres deep. The suburb of Boulder is in the middle ground, while in the background the historical suburbs of Brown Hill, Trafalgar and Fimiston once stood in the area now occupied by The Super Pit.

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Open Agenda 2014: Exhibition Opening Night. 31st October 2014 at Central Park Event Space, Chippendale Sydney Australia

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Open Agenda 2014: Exhibition Opening Night. 31st October 2014 at Central Park Event Space, Chippendale Sydney Australia

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THEORY = DESIGN = THEORY Nomad icism and Geopol it ica l Borders

An Investigation Into An Urban Condition Design Research is a phrase relatively new to the discipline of architecture that, to quote Etienne Turpin, “suggests the productive possibility of design as a method of inquiry; that is to say, theory might unfold and flourish through the careful consideration of the processes and practices of design, and, simultaneously, processes and practices of design could be amplified and emboldened through the precise articulation of theoretical commitments.” This research project asserts that theory is a form of design, and complimentarily, design is a form of theory; practice is praxis. As theory is thought through design, the work articulates itself through visual means. The work has been sited in the present moment and uses history and theory of nomadicism as means of articulating the design of the present condition of illegal migration and border crossing in Australasian Waters. This proposal seeks to question the way movement across borders within the Oceanic can be achieved in a zone of multiple spaces, layers and, territories. Movement and collaboration are reviewed with respect to the interpretation of contemporary Nomadology and how it can aid in the displacement of those who irregularly migrate within this region of the world. Spatial Nomadicism will be examined through a collective and shared experience of ‘making spaces’.

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NOMADOLOGY The Australasian Archipelago is seen as the threshold between the materialization of illegal migration flows and heterotopian environments that have been established in order to protect the utopian like manifestations or depiction of western States and their territorial sovereignty. The concept and process of bordering can be understood as an event of, ‘becoming’ as it opposes all structures of organization and produces an escape from institutionalization. The deterritorialization that is produced brings forth socio-spatial complexities, which oppose the division of States.

a valuable contribution to make to the status of geopolitical boundaries. Borders are an integral part of the process of global making.4 So why not design for them? If there are frontier conflicts all around the world, why is it that geopolitical points such as US-Mexico and Israel-Palestine incite so many speculative proposals and the Australasian boundary incite little response? Is it because of the lack of articulation of its physical location and what is occurring along it? In failing to represent them in a legible way do we remove the ability for people to engage with them?5

The Material effect of the border between Australia and Indonesia occurs through the oceanic divide, defined by the proximal coastlines of these Nation States. As a result, the border becomes multi layered and varies in spatial depths while land bordering becomes redundant. Instead, the coastline and the geopolitical constraints of the oceanic dictate the concept of bordering. The oceanic border becomes an apparatus for articulating various lines of difference and subjectivity between the bordering states and territories and those who seek asylum within these waters. New forms of spatial thinking are derived from this apparatus, where by third space of occupancy is deterritorialized through institutionalization creating a multitude of new, autonomous spaces – a transversal territorial of re-appropriation.3

Due to the political, social and economic upheavals that lead to a divide between States and territories, the sovereign power of ownership dictates and establishes unhealthy and unsafe environments. Lack of government or corporate responsibility and acknowledgement of the affects of warfare and environmental catastrophes lead to the polarised outcomes for those who are a part of the affective collective. Opportunities for positive change are wasted and shifts between territories promulgate undesired outcomes. Seen through the case studies of the US and Mexico Border and the Palestine / Israeli borders - the concept of the bordering governs the people within these territories. Like any sovereign conflict, the collective who attempt to flee this restriction and territorial divide are jousted into unknown occurrences and unplanned movements - the itinerary, “to flee” or to migrate becomes irregular.6

Henceforth, this proposal seeks to question the way movement across borders within the Oceanic can be achieved in a zone of multiple spaces, layers and territories. Movement and collaboration are reviewed with respect to the interpretation of contemporary Nomadicism and Nomadology and how they can aid in the displacement of those who irregularly migrate within this region of the world. Spatial Nomadicism between territories will be examined through a collective and shared experience of ‘making spaces’. The thesis offers a subversive strategy to the issues surrounding the irregular migration of individuals. Challenging the Australian government’s ‘solution’ to its migration ‘problem’ loosening the Pacific Stronghold negotiates the northern buffer of Australia through a series of spaces that provide relief through shelter, protection, hygiene and other provisions for those seeking to reach the mainland. Landscape architects and architects have

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Rather than tracing the official or legalized concepts and procedures of migration they begin to reshape the corridors between territories, mapping and creating routes of irregular migration. In the Oceanic these become the routes of illegal, unsafe, dangerous and military controlled sea travels layered over a map of the main routes that connect States and territories within this region. Most of the time migrants are trapped in these routes, pending their admission or deportation. Today the Indian and Pacific Oceans have become a place of confinement. A modified contemporary map is necessary in order for those who wonder and seek migration to negotiate the Oceanic terrain. Individuals on a journey through unfamiliar landscapes have stories of great suffering and conflict. There comes a point for them where it

I R R E G U L A R M I G R AT I O N + B / O R D E R L A N D S is no longer possible to live in their fragmented and politically unstable homelands and thus become stateless as they move through the worlds irregular migration paths. New reference points are needed. This proposed map should be adapted to identify new points of shelter and refuge located on islands, submerged in international waters, at the crossroads between political borders or junctions between flowing estuaries. These spaces will be places of reception, knowledge and cooperation and provide a safe landing for those who require it7. These third spaces of occupancy will not filtrate aspects of heterotopian facilities – rather will become a beacon of culture, education and safety as they wait for their own utopian ideal of a better life in a new, desired territory – in this case Australia. In terms of the Australian government’s response to irregular migration, the representation of Asylum Seekers is portrayed through a variety of texts and images that suggests the existence of a correlation between representation and power.8 Asylum Seekers are represented as the “other” through the propagation of the ‘ineradicable distinction between Western superiority and Oriental inferiority’.9 The relevance of this is associated with the Oriental origins of the majority of asylum seekers in Australia and the corresponding historically constituted fear of these people entrenched in the Australian psyche. In Foucauldian terms, asylum seekers are primarily the objects of speech.10 This is a position that has led to their status as one of the most disenfranchised minorities in contemporary Australian society. The taboo on their speech has been enforced by a grid of procedures that have served to not only silence their voices, but remove the opportunity for their voices to be articulated to anyone outside the razor wire fences that imprison them in detention centres. The ‘tyranny of distance’11 long romanticised in Australian literature has been utilized by the nation’s politicians to enforce a prohibition on the speech of asylum seekers. By placing the detention centres on the geographical fringes of the country, the voices of those illegal migrants currently held in detention are isolated, cut off from Australia’s major population centres. Australian detention centres thus provide a stark geographical signifier of successive governments’

determination to place the voices of those who seek Asylum in Australian territories on the fringes of the society.12 The term, “Nation” can be suggestive of an imagined community where by people perceive themselves as part of a collective through shared symbols and images, which the media plays a major role in constructing and propagating.13 Explored through the idea that, “imagine” is to be understood as, “to perceive” the members of these imagined communities will naturally never know each other but will share similar interests and identities that are possible as part of the same nation.14 The media strengthens this concept by targeting a mass audience or generalizing and addressing the collective as citizens of the public. This perception of space is reiterated and reinforced through certain images, texts and discourses. This concept becomes limited where by some nations have, “finite, if elastic boundaries, beyond which lie other nations”.15 Coinciding with this idea is Edward Said’ theory on Imagined geographies and how this concept enhances the problems associated with how popular discourses construct particular views of other States and territories and those that occupy them. In respect to the theories ethos, “All landscapes are seen as being imagines – there is no ‘real’ geography to which the imagined ones can be compared,”16 there evolves the idea that geopolitical knowledge is a form of imagined geography through the way it is argued that western culture has produced a view of the ‘Orient’ based on particular perceptions, popularized through academic oriental studies, travel writings and colonial view. As a result, those who occupy the “other” collective appear through media interventions to come from feminized, open, virgin states and territories, with no ability or concept of organized rule of government.17 These two concepts play an integral role in the representation of those who seek asylum. Lost within the media reports and news columns, is the humanitarian empathy for those who perish or face life altering circumstances’ in their attempt to reach the, “promised land” of Australia. Breaking down these barriers and restrictions within the context of national identity is at the forefront of understanding the neo liberal view of hybridization - the concept for going transnational

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NOMADOLOGY rights. Internalised trauma is reinforced through the heterotopian environments established by the dominant state or territory. The collective soul19 - the stories and memories of the suffering upheld by the political and social upheavals of the cities in which these people have fled, overshadows the human rational of dealing with these people as they transfer from a nation into the realm of otherness in a stateless environment of a refugee camp or detention centre. As a result an environment is constructed from this stronghold between those who seek asylum and the nationalistic values of the dominant state. A multitude of problems arise from irregular migration. While the political and social problems associated with this act is at the forefront of our perception of asylum seekers, it is the problems associated with B/order waiting which resonates with this thesis. The action of waiting – or to be at a standstill places a fixation on a place (in this case – the desired territory or state – that being Australia) subjecting those who seek asylum to the passing of time.20 Through the process of detention those within the system partake in no other activity or collective process other than that of waiting.21 The heterotopian environment constructed through the detention centre reiterates that those who border into unknown geopolitical territories are part of the collective process of waiting. Possible design tactics could emulate this situation in an opposing manner – establishing systems that create a continuation of processes and activities. To wait outside the border – can extend into long lengths of time – creating a network of statelessness undesired by the lack of hybridization and foregoing with transnational bordering around the world. The border therefore represents an abstract material and virtual interface, made up of multiple demarcations or oceanic waters where by the excised islands of the Australian territory forbid and exclude people from reaching points of safety and rights for global citizenship under the Australian Pacific Solution.22 The internal perspective of the Asylum Seeker is overshadowed by the reality of the external situation. By capturing the chaos and uncertainty of their internal reality – dream like perspective and inability to communicate

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due to the struggles of cultural differences can begin to be understood and worked on within the larger community.23 The act of Bordering is a process of internalisation and subjectification through the internal struggle of those who seek Asylum. Objectification and exclusion from an outside perspective are reiterated in their portrayal of the, “Other.”24 There is the idea that, “to Border make” is to construct the concept of, “be-longing into an Order, an In-group in an InLand, and In-side; and the making of Others, is the making of a be-Longing to an Out-Group in an Out-Land, the Outside.25 “The more one internalizes this given b/order – the more one locks oneself in. In addition to this, - those who are kept outside the border, are locked out. Waiting before the Law and waiting outside the Law go hand in hand.” In contemporary society, the idea of waiting outside the border now takes the form of asylum seeking and detention centres.26 For those who seek asylum there is first a, “productive schizoid desire” of transcending boundaries regardless of the political and cultural policies surrounding global migration. From this, a desperate longing for somewhere else is experienced.27 For those who anticipate asylum can experience a clout towards “sehnsucht” characteristics – yearning for a far, familiar, non-earthly land that one can identify as one’s home.28 Thus the right to be granted settlement, safety and protection dominate their act of bordering. Personal freedom is at the forefront of this struggle and is desired through the fear of the unknown and unplanned or the indirect routes of irregular migration. The act of bordering embodies a desire of emptiness for those who partake and place themselves within The Borderlands are established through this process and signify the hybridization and transnational occupancy of this space. Utilising the Indonesian archipelago, possible design tactics could aim at opposing the Australian governments creation of heterotopic environments out of Christmas Island, Nauru and Manus Island. The detention centres on these islands were essentially established to prohibit and prolong those who seek asylum from re-entering Australian territory. They are spaces of restriction and border waiting.

I R R E G U L A R M I G R AT I O N + B / O R D E R L A N D S I put forth the question; Can we not re-invent this space? The concept of detention, of holding and imprisoning those who seek – in the eyes of the state the wrong way of going about global migration. Can we not consider this as protecting, security, and justice for those escaping horrendous social and political circumstances of those trapped before the law and wait outside it as the, “other”? The ‘Pacific Solution’, implemented as a result of the Australian governments panic following the Tampa incident and the (Children Overboard) SIEV X tragedy of 2001 caused the removal of approximately 4,600 islands off Australia’s northern periphery from the Australian migration zone. This downturn, or shift of geographic boundaries, converted northern Australia into a buffer. Stemming from a desire to externalise, and distance the issue, and to implicate other nations in the region, such as Indonesia, to take responsibility for patrolling, and detaining in exchange for economic aid. A larger and more frequent patrolling of the waters and a thickening of the border to a territory, as opposed to a line, have further complicated the entry of intended migrants to Australia. In October of 2012, The Australian Expert Panel of Asylum Seeking proclaimed that excising Australia’s coastline in addition to the 4,600 islands of its northern periphery from Australian territory, “complimented”29 the re-opening of the Detention centres on Nauru and Manus Island. It is explained that excising the Australian coastline from Australian territory was done so to, “deter boat people from making the long journey by sea in the hope of winning greater rights than those who arrive at excised offshore territories like Christmas Island.”30 The Government states, “It is about discouraging people from getting on boats but it is clear that the only way to achieve this is by offering people safer pathways … not by removing people’s fundamental right to apply for Asylum in Australia.”31 Henceforth, the thesis proposes to utilize the design tactics within the excision zone between Australia and Papua New Guinea – deploying them within the Torres Strait – allowing movement to occur in a safe threshold of the Australian Northern Periphery. It is my intention to act from the perspective of a subversive architect via the utilization of architectural design to

appropriate the certain political constraints and to help manifest Borderlands that do not operate at the level of a detention centre. There is merit here to see architecture as political art – as a space of urban negotiation within the threshold between borders bringing forth a new form of spatiality – that is the third space of occupancy. New balances of power and new dialogs can be established between territories through the medium of design tactics and thus challenging the ethos of State and territorial borders43. the collective of the other – a desire reinforced through the representation of the Nomadic figure.32 Thus, the event of bordering links to the perception of Machinic phylum – reinforcing the third space of human flow and migration and is explored through the idea of ‘Holey Space’.33 It is an ‘under-ground spatial paradigm’ connected to the smooth Nomadic space and the striated – that being the political and social space of the territory.34 Similar to the subsoil space that bypasses both the ground of the nomadic smooth space and the land of the sedentary striated space, It is conceived by the surface dweller as holey –through its association with the deterritorialization of these opposing spatial paradigms – creating a multitude of possible new connections and formations connected with the earth.3 This preludes to the awareness that, “deterritorialization and the heterogenesis it produces are processes that bring forth socio-spatial complexity that [are] disguised by the functional and categorical divisions of institutionalization. In this use of the concept, then, deterritorialization facilitates new, inventive forms of bordering.”36 Possible design tactics could be employed in order to create a multitude of spaces sought after through redirected journeys in order to establish new residencies for those caught between the threshold of Australia’s territory and excercision zone. The desired outcome of this is for a new geography to be established by the lines of flight established by those who seek Asylum.37 The space in which these design tactics arise is a borderless space of a multitude of belongings – re-affirming the autonomy and transversal territorial re-appropriation.38 Taking on the idea that the space within the lines that segregate territories on a map as ‘free space’, an examination of the how single

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NOMADOLOGY borderlines on a map can become territories for spatial design tactics. The organizational principles of the boundaries that divide the space are interrupted through these tactics – signaling a connection between other people who occupy the same territory. While borders are shown prominently fixed on a world map, in reality these borders a far less defined and allows such proposed engagement to take place. In reality borders are constantly shifting and their movement facilitates prosperous sites for creativity and design interventions. Thus, the Machinic phylum is deterritorialized through spaces of Borderlands constituted by the bordering activity of becoming.39 So forth, the Borderlands can appear, disappear and flow within this third space of human occupancy. The design tactics should parade within the transcendental environment through new ways of becoming for those who seek asylum through the way they act outside the State or territorial sovereignty. These are intended to become new strategies for making connections and ensuring the safety of those who a trapped between the push and pull factors of border waiting. The objective of this proposal is to produce a series of spaces that relate and identify with their surroundings and to provide shelter for those who seek it. Understanding of the places in which they will be located in is paramount to create environments that stand up against the unstable geography and specific localized effects that will contribute to its design. 01. BUOY SYSTEM The first design tactic could revolve around the concept of a buoy deployment strategy off the Northern Periphery of Australia. The buoys would be equipped with flares, small emergency medical provisions and satellite navigation systems, trackers and radio connections. It is with the hope that these buoys would aid the boats into safe waters of the Torres Strait allowing those who seek asylum to be carried into the excised region of the northern periphery. While they will not be formally considered in Australian territory under the Regional Cooperation Framework they can reside with this third space of occupancy until official paper work has been achieved.

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02. WATER PURIFICATION ON ISLANDS The second design tactic could be integrated within the sustainable management of water resources on small islands within the Torres Strait. Regardless of the asylum seeking issue – water management within this region is vital for the health and social well-being, the protection of the environments and the development of the economies. Groundwater occurs on small islands as either perched (high level) or basal (low level) aquifers. Basal aquifers consist of confined freshwater bodies, which form at or below sea level. On these small coral and limestone islands of the Torres Strait, the basal aquifer takes the form of a ‘freshwater lens’ (or ‘groundwater lens’), which underlies the islands. These lenses of fresh groundwater accumulate from rainfall percolating through the soil zone and reside in fragile hydrodynamic equilibrium with the underlying saltwater. The Torres Strait is comprised of uplifted limestone island that are surrounded by a fringing coral reefs and as such, the project aims to provide an additional step towards a sustainable water supply for these islands and a new and improved system for groundwater exploitation.

03. SHELTER / OUTPOSTS The third design tactic could be deterritorialized through a series of Third Spaces – The creation of outposts within the Torres Strait through the natural curve of the Indonesian Archipelago. They are spaces for free use – they are not designed for a specific tenants or type of occupation, the time frame is up to the person or persons who inhabit them. These spaces are the ‘other’ way of understanding and potential apparatuses towards the change in human spatiality. They embody a critical spatial awareness to the contrasting of the spatiality, politically and sociality trialectic elements that dictate the border of the oceanic territories.

I R R E G U L A R M I G R AT I O N + B / O R D E R L A N D S 1. Deleuze, Gilles and Felix Guattari. 1980. A Thousand Plateaus. Trans. Brian Massumi. London and New York: Continuum, 2004. Vol. 2 of Capitalism and Schizophrenia. 2 vols. 1972-1980. Trans. of Mille Plateaux. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit. 2. Keith Woodward and John Paul Jones III, On the Border with Deleuze and Guattari, Chapter 15 pp. 235 – 247 geography.arizona.edu/, assessed 2012.09.29. 3. Woodward, Keith and John Paul Jones III, On the Border with Deleuze and Guattari, Chapter 15 pp. 235 – 247 geography.arizona.edu/, assessed 2012.09.29. 4. Prescott, Michaela Frances, Loosening the Pacific Stronghold: Subverting and exposing Australia’s geopolitical northern boundary (0000801705) Think Space Competition, September 2011 5. ibid., 6. Henk van Houtum, Nijmegen Centre for Border Research Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Waiting Before the Law: Kafka on the Border. 7. “Territorial Agency” http://pr2012.aaschool.ac.uk/units/DIP-04, assessed 2012.11.09 8. Cartner, John. M. (2009). Representing the refugee: Rhetoric, discourse and the public agenda (Master’s thesis). University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA. 9. Foucault, Michel ‘The Order of Discourse’, P. Rice & P. Waugh (eds.), Modern Literary Theory: A Reader (Fourth Edition), Arnold, London, 2001, p.210. 10. Blainey, Geoffrey. The Tyranny of Distance: How Distance Shaped Australia’s History, Sun Books, Melbourne, 1966. 11. Ibid., Representing the refugee: Rhetoric, discourse and the public agenda 12. “Nation” http://sparementalobjects.wordpress.com/2012/10/19/theimmobility-of-mobility/#comment-39, assessed 2012.11.26 13. Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Revised Edition ed. London and New York: Verso, 1991, p.5 14. Cartner, John. M. (2009). Representing the refugee: Rhetoric, discourse and the public agenda (Master’s thesis). University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA. 15. Said, Edward W. Imagined Geographies, The Georgia Review Vol. 31, No. 1 (Spring 1977), pp. 162-206 16. ibid., p.163 17. Scott A. Bollens, City and soul in divided society, Routledge, 2012. 18. Henk van Houtum, Nijmegen Centre for Border Research Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Waiting Before the Law: Kafka on the Border. 19. Henk van Houtum, Nijmegen Centre for Border Research Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Waiting Before the Law: Kafka on the Border 20. Rob Shields, Boundary-Thinking in Theories of the Present (www. spaceandculture.org, 2005), 8. 21. Ibid.,

22. Henk van Houtum, Nijmegen Centre for Border Research Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Waiting Before the Law: Kafka on the Border 23. ibid., 24. Henk van Houtum, Nijmegen Centre for Border Research Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Waiting Before the Law: Kafka on the Border 25. ibid. 26. “Sehnsucht” http://dictionary.reverso.net/german-english/Sehnsucht, assessed 2012.12.09 27. Henk van Houtum, Nijmegen Centre for Border Research Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Waiting Before the Law: Kafka on the Border 28. De Landa, Manuel. War in the Age of Intelligent Machines, New York: Zone Books, 1991, page 71. 29. Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, A thousand Plateaus: capitalism and schizophrenia, (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1987) English translation 30. Ethel Baraona Pohl & Cesar Reyes # GUEST WRITERS ESSAYS 06 /// Post-political Attitudes on Immigration, Utopias and the Space Between Us. http://thefunambulist.net, 2012.10.29 31. Henk van Houtum, Nijmegen Centre for Border Research Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Waiting Before the Law: Kafka on the Border 33. Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, Second Edition 2001. Print. Page. 397 34. Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, Second Edition 2001. Print. Page. 398 35. Woodward, Keith and John Paul Jones III, On the Border with Deleuze and Guattari, Chapter 15 pp. 235 – 247 geography.arizona.edu/, assessed 2012.09.29 36. ibid., 37. Prescott, Michaela Frances, Loosening the Pacific Stronghold: Subverting and exposing Australia’s geopolitical northern boundary (0000801705) Think Space Competition, September 2011, assessed 2012.10.29 38. Expert Panel of Asylum Seekers. Australian Government Report 2012 39. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-10-30/legislation-shifts-goalposts-onoffshore-processing/4341310. Online article by chief political correspondent Simon Cullen for the ABC television Network (Australia) published 30.10.2012, assessed 2012.12.09 40. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/immigration/mainlandnot-australia-for-migrants-under-new-migration-zone-excision-program/storyfn9hm1gu-1226506422850 Online article by Ben Packham for, The Australian Newspaper, published 30.10.2012, assessed 2012.12.07 41. Bryan Finoki [the editor of Subtopia] in an interview with Leopold Lambert in March 2010 - Kafka’s 42. ibid,.

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PART ONE | THE DESIGN OF A MULTIVALENT 3D DRAWING | THE MOLESKINE NOTEBOOK & THE COURSE OF CONTEMPORARY NOMADICISM 0.1 VISUAL TEXT | THE SONGLINES OF CHATWIN: The brand Moleskine we know today was established in 1997 after an Italian teacher from Rome, Maria Sebregondi read Bruce Chatwin’s novel, ‘The Songlines’, almost a decade after the books publication. The novel documents Chatwin, an English novelist and travel writer’s adventure to Australia where he was curious to unearth the songs of Indigenous Australia and his affiliation with our nomadic past. Within the novel, he describes his discontent after discovering his beloved notebooks were no longer freely accessible and that, “to lose a passport [when travelling] was the least of one’s worries…to lose a notebook was a catastrophe”. The significance of this text as well as Chatwin’s own nomadic travels are paramount to the Moleskine franchises philosophy and global identity. On the Moleskine official webpage, it states: through extensive research, Sebregondi found herself at the Picasso museum in Paris, eyeing down the artist’s sketchbooks and later Ernest Hemmingway’s journals that both bore a resemblance to the notebook Chatwin described. This was the beginning for the brand’s slogan. Within the Moleskine’s accompanying leaflet, the creative individual can fantasize and imagine the extent in which their writings and sketches can affect or percolate a culture of sophisticated, contemporary nomadic individuals. Thus, Sebregondi is seen as a, “hero” allowing for her franchises brand child to be accessible to ever creative individual who seeks an unselfish partner in order to document, “culture, travel, memory, imagination and personal identity.”

>>>

THE MOLESKINE NOTEBOOK | VISUAL TEXTS

THE MOLESKINE NOTEBOOK | A SYMBOL OF CONTEMPORARY NOMADISM The Moleskine notebook is a symbol of contemporary nomadicism. It’s modern, sleek exterior encapsulates the essence of its owner; the OCTOBER 2012

- SCOTT SORLI

BOOKLET 4.0

‘MULTIVALENT 3-D DRAWING : THAT TELLS ALL FROM THE 1:1 SCALE OF THE OBJECT TO THE SCALE OF THE EARTH’

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educated, design savvy, creative individuals.

Between the pages, the

notebook exemplifies the ideologies of Chatwin and the dreaming of the archetypal nomads, in which his writings investigate.

The 3D, Paper Songlines [visual texts] reflect the Deleuzian concepts

Lines

of territorialization and deterritorialization. In, ‘A Thousand Plateaus’,

deterritorialization and reterritorialization through the layers of pages

Deleuze and Guattari discuss the comparison of the board games; Chess

in a Notebook. Creating what appears like contours mutating the way we

and Go; an analogy of the state as opposed to the Nomad. In respect to

see the analogous, unadorned pages of a Moleskine. Here lies an interest

my designs, the notion of fluidity and perpetual movement is prevalent.

in the power of the changing, growing shape. Through transformation,

The movement is not from one point to another, rather it is the later,

the shapes become entities in them selves, another geography. The

becoming continuous, without aim or destination, without departure or

connection between the actions on the page and the material is like the

arrival.

relationship between human beings and their restricted environment, a

flight

this

circumstance

connection that is reflected in me, too. They are multiple forms of belonging. They are mappings; different, nomadic configurations. They show altered ways in which a subject can have multiple belongings, similar to the idea that a nation state can have multiple ethnicities, nationalities and citizenships. As such, they are carriers of my ideas. They showcase territories, becoming malleable sites of passages, mappings. In respect to my research, the notebooks convey an abstraction of the Songlines of humanity. The wandering catalogues of those who wander.

equal

Songlines

the

SECTION 1 THE DESIGN OF A MULTIVALENT 3D DRAWING | THE MOLESKINE NOTEBOOK AND THE COURSE OF CONTEMPORARY NOMADICISM

A MULTIVALENT 3D DRAWING | VISUAL TEXT 0.1 VISUAL TEXT | THE SONGLINES OF CHATWIN His own journeys and tales were documented in his notebooks. They were eclectic: clippings, sketches, quotes, and stories. Written and placed in a Nomadic fashion. The Songline of contemporary Nomadism, shifting planes, geography, states of those individuals who embark on the journey of mapping the world. Like Chatwin, Picasso, Monet, the contemporary Nomad begins with the intent to search, discover and map. 0.2 VISUAL TEXT | THE PAPER SONGLINE Represents the Nomadic mapping of the earth. Those whose culture does not divide the land into territories, bound by partitions or boarders. Rather, the spirit of the land is as essential to one self as the spirit of the mind and soul. 0.3 | VISUAL TEXTS & ‘BORDERLANDS’ I wanted to investigate the relationship between the opposing sides of the border. In a collaborative motif, the Paper Songline represents the opposing social, political, economical, and geographical differences. All Visual texts were produced out of Fabriano card, 5mm Canada industrial plywood and manufactured via a Laser Cutter - facilities made available by the University of Waterloo. [ Visual Texts portray the Songlines of contemporary Nomadism. Like Chatwin, Picasso, and Monet, the contemporary Nomad begins with the intent to search, discover and map the world.]

PART 02 HISTORICAL MATERIALISM: AGONISTIC RESPONSES | A CONFLICT BETWEEN ADVERSERIES WHO RECOGNISE COMMON GROUND Part Two of the thesis dissertation was to formulate agonisitc responses [in order to articulate a conflict between adversaries] towards researchers and practitioners who I recognised I had common ground with. Labelled, ‘Historical Materialism’ the agonistic responses were derived from a series of talks and discussions with alumni and professional architects. Agonistic Response 1# | Fionn Byrne Thesis overview of Byrne’s Master Thesis at Toronto University. Byrne discussed the idea of man vs. environment with analysis of military governance over landscape architecture and monitory terrain through computer software which can ‘shape’ the landscape by the touch of a button. Agonistic Response 2# | Suzanne Harris-Brandt Overview of Harris-Brandt’s Master Thesis at the University of Waterloo. The thesis centred around the idea of contesting the limits with respect to the West Bank and Israel Military occupation. Working along side Eyal Weizman; the thesis worked with design tactics to implement subtle change and progress. Agonistic Response 3# | Dan D’aco from Interboro Partners [NYC] Dan D’aco discussed his architecture firm’s emphasis on theory to bring about change in the city of New York. Through his creation of the graphic novel, “The US of them” D’aco discussed 40 commonly used, ‘weapons’ in the construct of the city of New York that establish moments of exclusion and inclusion.

03.

02.

01.

DESIGN TACTICS

Detail: Irregular Migration Path Model “Lines of flight through Indonesia”

DESIGN TACTICS 01. BUOY SYSTEM | 02. WATER PURIFICATION ON ISLANDS | 03. SHELTER / OUTPOSTS THESE ARE DESIGN BASED ENVIRONMENTS TO TEST AND PUSH THE BORDERS OF THE DISCIPLINE OF ARCHITECTURE. The relationship between the territory of Nomadicism and the movement across borders is explored through the way architecture can be a similarly responsive to the trialectic elements of space, politics and socio-economics. Drawing upon timing, movement and collaboration, the proposal seeks to respond to the existing environmental and socio-political relations in our contemporary environment. Key strategies are extrapolated in this proposal to question the way movement across borders within the Oceanic Region can be achieved in a zone of multiple territories. Movement and collaboration are reviewed with respect to the interpretation of contemporary Nomadic systems of wandering and how these behavioural characteristics can aid in the displacement of those who irregularly migrate within this region of the world. Spatial Nomadicism between territories is examined through a collective and shared experience of making spaces. The event of bordering links to the perception of Machinic phylum – reinforcing the third space of human flow and migration and is explored through the idea of ‘Holey Space’. It is an ‘under-ground spatial paradigm’ connected to the smooth Nomadic space and the striated – that being the political and social space of the territory. Design tactics are employed in order to create a multitude of spaces sought after through redirected journeys in order to establish new residencies for those caught between the threshold of Australia’s territory and excercision zone. The desired outcome of this is for a new geography to be established by the lines of flight established by those who seek Asylum. The space in which these design tactics arise is a borderless space of a multitude of belongings – reaffirming the autonomy and transversal territorial re-appropriation.

THE ACT OF B/ORDERING + BORDERLANDS In reality, borders are constantly shifting. This movement can however facilitate an abundance of prosperous sites for creativity and design interventions. Thus, the Machinic Phylum is deterritorialised through spaces of borderlands constituted by the bordering activity of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;becomingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. The model [view A + B] portrays these possible B/ ordlands The Borderlands can appear, disappear and flow within the third space of human occupancy. They are established through this process and signify the hybridisation and transnational occupancy of this space. The B/orderlands create new strategies for making connections and ensuring the safety of those who a trapped between the push and pull factors of border waiting.

View A.

View B.

The Australasian Archipelago + Lines of Flight (Irregular Migration Paths)

12,967 people taken into immigration centres

10,385

people who were in â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;otherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; categories 01. Seaport arrivals 02. Stowaways 03. Ship deserters

unauthorised arrivals

7,252

80%

Highest number of people detained in immigration detention centres

0.5 percent of total were foreign fishermen

unauthorised arrivals

>>>

June 30, 2012 <<<

2,455

2,014

or 19% were people who had been living in the community but over stayed or breached visa conditions.

unauthorised arrivals by plane

8,371 unauthorised arrivals by boat E.

Irregular Maritime Arrivals in Australia by nationality (2008 - 2011) Country of Origin

2009

2010

2011

Total

Afghanistan 118 1,409

2008

2,964

1,603

6,094

Iran

1,156

1,581

2,809

Sri Lanka

736

536

211

1,499

Iraq

164

579

326

1,088

Stateless

379

Pakistan

188

223

Kurdish

178

Myanmar

165

Vietnam

101

132

Indonesia

Palestine

Syria

Kuwait

Others

1,143

1,241

161

2,726

6,535

4,465

13,987

Total

People entering Immigration Detention by arrival type. [2011/12]

Irregular maritime arrivals Unuthorised air arrivals Overstay or breach of visa Foreign Fisher Other

Australia's Maritime Zones in the T 142°00’E

G u i n e a

Black Rks

Kussa I

CTED Z PROTE

Moimi I

Mabaduan Sigabaduru

Boigu Island

T ISLA ND

Auwamaza Reef

Kaumag I

Turnagain I

Pas s

age

ef North Possession I

Saddle I

Banks C han Long n el Reef

Ibis Reefs

Muknab Rk

Susur Reef

Kagar Reef

Little Adolphus I

Cay

Wyborn Reef

Linda Reef

F 11°00’S 143°00’E

Ke n

Limit of Coastal W aters (3nm)

Fisheries Jurisdiction Line

Australian Territorial Sea

Marine Park Limits

Australian Internal W aters

143°30’E

01 | 14th December 2011 Chakaria and Shaporodip (Bangladesh) to Malaysia Incident occured off the Bangladeshi coast close to Shaporidip Overcrowded boat started leaking then capsized and sunk Between 170 and 200 Muslim from NRS. All Males = According to media reports, the boat was overcrowded and therefore capsized. Fishing boats rescued many passengers; 25 are still missing. No bodies have been found.

Limit of Contiguous Zone (24nm)

Seabed Jurisdiction Line

01 | 23rd November 2011 Southern Maungdaw and Shaporidip (Myanmar and Bangladesh ) to Malaysia. Incident occurred off the Bangladeshi / Mynanmar coast close to Shaporidip. Two overcrowded boats started leaking and sunk. 270 Muslims from NRS. All Male. = 200 passengers embarked in a first boat in south Maungdaw followed by additional 70 passengers in Shaporidip. Shortly after the embarkation of the second group, the boat started leaking. Passengers tried to swim towards another boat in the vicinity also carrying passengers from Shaporidip. With many people trying to board, the second vessel was destabilized and sank. 23 bodies were found along the Maungdaw coast while an estimated 50 to 60 people remain missing.

GREA T BARRIER REEF MARINE PARK

Turtle Head I

Turtle I

142°30’E

11/11

Newcastle Bay

Seabed & Fisheries Jurisdiction Lines

12/10

Triangle Reef

Cay l

Inle

Albany I

A u s t r a l i a

142°00’E

Bayag Reef

Cay

Bamaga

Mt Adolphus I Johnson Islet Ch

Cape York Peninsula

10°30’S

11°00’S

Au-Masig Reef

Alpha Rk o lp hu

Reef

PROTECTED ZONE

Crab Is

Ashmore trance

Yule En

Gubmarau Reef

Barn I

Woody W allis I

Seven Reefs

Wap Reef

Cape Y ork

10°00’S

Dayman I

Maped-Au-Kap Reef

Dugong I

Entrance I

Kai-Wareg Reef

Cay

East Strait Islet

Horn Island

Red Wallis Islet

PROTECTED ZONE

Thursday I

Prince of Wales Island

i rn

Goods I

Meiu Reef

Booby I

Wyer Islet

10°30’S

Kirkcaldie Reef

Twin I

P assage

Murray Is

Dowar I

Meggi-Wareg Reef

Maped Reef

C hann

l Channe Simpson a nnel a n Ch Daym ne l Ch an W ales e of Wednesday I Princ

PROTECTED ZONE

Kai-Maituine Reef Meggi-Maituine Reef

Harvey Rks

Travers I

Kodnasem Reef

Woiz Reef nel

Poll I

Mt Ernest I

Channel I Hawkesbury I Yule

Sue I

Ninepin Rk

Peenacar Islet

Chan

and

Cumberl

Halfway I

Cay

Vigilant

Getullai I

Gurigur Reef Newman Reef

Richardson Reef

Bet Islet

Suarji I

Maer I ag ss Pa

Mimi Islet

Dove Islet

Coconut I

Lowry I

Pinnace Reef

Portlock I Moa Island

West I

Aureed I

Roberts Islet Tancred Passage

Sassie I

Watson Cay

Badu Island

Cook Reef

Bourke Islet

Dungeness Reef

North I

Duncan Is

Aukane Islet

Arden I

Yam I

Talab I Passage I

Bond I

Layoak Islet

age

tra En

ri Pas s

10°00’S

141°30’E

Gap Islet

Kibi Meri Reef

Tagun Reef

Kabbikane Islet

Anui Reef

Mabuiag I

Cay

Kodall Islet

Smith Cay

in Fl

Gariar Reef

LIA

Massig Islet

Big Mary Reef

Hastings Reef

Cay

S AU

A TR

Rennel I

Yorke Islands

e nc

Don Cay

Seo Reef

Emar Reef

Darnley I Cay

02 | 17th December 2011, Indonesia to Australia Incident occurred off the coast of Java, Indonesia = Boat capsized in rough seas resulting in the loss of estimated 200 lives. There were only 47 survivors.

Gabba I Mourilyan Reef

Kai Reef

12/11

P PA

EA IN

Beka Reef

01 | 5th December 2010 Indonesia to Australia | Incident near Christmas Island Boat ran into rocks, started leaking and sank Estimated 90 people: Iranians Iraqis and Kurds. = 42 were rescued, 30 bodies were recovered and 18 persons remain missing, presumed dead.

Nepean I

Keats Islet Marsden I

Nicholls Reef Sinclairs Rk

141°15’E

Campbell I

Numar Reef

Turu Cay

9°30’S

Stephens I

Aldai Reef

East Cay

Underdown I Pearce Cay

Dalrymple I

Kerr I

Anchor Cay

Deliverance I

Dauan I 9°30’S

E A

W GUIN PAPUA NE A AUSTRALI

Saibai Island

TALBO

ONE

144°00’E

01/12

E ON

Bramble Cay

Bobo I

E OT

Z ED

Aubussi I

144°30’E 9°00’S

Mata Kawa I

Kawa I

Buji Ber

Moibut

Mari

Daru Ture Ture

144°00’E

Parama Parama I

Torze Jarai

143°30’E

Katatai

N e w

orres Strait

143°00’E

Pa p u a

142°30’E

01 | 9th January 2012 Bangladeshi coast and South Maungdaw (Myanmar) to Malaysia Incident occurred off the coast of Aceh, Indonesia Boat lost at sea. It then run out of fuel and was finally rescued after 13 days. 39 men and 17 children all Muslims from NRS. All Males = Several groups of passengers embarked on the boat along the Bangladeshi coast and in South Maungdaw. Shortly after it sailed, it started leaking, capsized and sank quickly. A Burmese cargo boat rescued 33 passengers and brought them to Teknaf where they were arrested. Four bodies were found in Shaporidip, a few more in South Maungdaw and fishermen also spotted some floating at sea. It is estimated that around 120 people perished. Rescued by the Indonesian authorities.

141°30’E

a Re rri ef or s

141°15’E 9°00’S

144°30’E

131

U.W.S STUDENT HUB Learn ing Cent re; Interior Aest het ics and Pedagog ica l Desig n

The brief called for a building that would house a variety of functions with elements that would work in collaboration with each other such as the exhibition space and bar, and others that would function independently of each other; the computer lounge and, women’s library. The existing site, characterised as the campus’ primary pedestrian pathway, allows for the possibility for the student hub to be a highly choreographed element - the footprint of the ‘pedestrian path’ being the catalyst for the project. It is with the intention that this ‘pathway’ will form the spatial arrangement of the new student hub and be the over-riding element of the scheme. Whether this be a physical element, for example, a wall, or a conscious spatial organisation, such as an axis. The fundamental emphasisis of the design was to develop a flexible, inclusive space with pedagogical and social benefits to students from a diversity of cultures and age groups.

132

University of Western Sydney Site Plan Parramatta South and Parramatta North Campusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; including site of Student Hub

133

134

01. Rec. Hall Cafe 02. Cafe 03. School of Management 04. Whitlam Library, River Bar, Food Court and Retail Outlet. 05. School of Law 06. School of Marketing 07. Food Court 08. Co-operative Bookshop 09. Student Centre, Cashier, and Office of Academic Register 10. Co-operative Market Place 11. Boiler House and Chimney Stack

135

04.

05.

10. 09.

08. 07.

01. 02.

11.

06.

03.

136

Courtyard Void

Axonometric of Student Hub: The following exploded axonometric displays all levels of the Student Hub - from the Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Library and Courtyard to the public Cafeteria and Learning Centre 137

Exterior Render of Student Hub: The following exterior render is of the main entrance of the Student Hub. The design of the learning centre allows students and academics from the Parramatta North Campus to walk through building seamlessly to the Universities south campus. 138

04 03 02

05 07

09 10

Ground Floor Plan 01. Retail Space

06. Kitchen

02. Student Services

07. Loading Dock / Storage

03. Void to Lower Ground

08. Student Support Storefront

04. Lockable Bar

09. Rammed Earth Landscaping

05. Cafe

10. Co-operative Market Place

139

01 05 02

First Floor Plan

01. Student Function Space 06. Bookshop 02. Staff Function Space

07. Learning Centre

03. Storage

08. Cafe

04. Multi-Use Area

09. Rammed Earth Landscaping

05. Art Gallery

10. Public Courtyard 140

02 03

05 06

07 08 09

Lower Ground Floor Plan 01. Student Services

06. Student Relaxation Space

02. Bookable Office Space

07. Learning Centre

03. Void to Ground

08. Cafe

04. Void to Ground

09. Rammed Earth Landscaping

05. Storage

10. Public Courtyard

141

04 03

Basement Floor Plan

01. Women’s Library 02. Safe Room [Unisex] 03. Women’s Room 04. Women’s Private Courtyard

142

143

WINTERTHUR HOSPITAL Professiona l Experience; Canton Hospita l Redevelopment

The aim of this proposal was to reduce the heterogeneous form of the existing Winterthur Hospital that caters for patients in a region that extends from Bülach to Frauenfeld and Zurich to Schaffhausen to the north. The redevelopment sets out to define a clearly legible main entrance, introduce a new state of the art patient wing and strengthen the qualities of the surrounding park and countryside. Originally planned as a hospital in a vast park, the building has grown rapidly over the decades according to needs. In addition to the organisational and functional qualities that will be addressed in the redevelopment, the design of the hospital’s relationship to its surrounding vegetation was been greatly explored. A green ‘filter’ will be used to hide the hospital’s side entrances and offer a variety of seating areas for rehabilitation, relaxation and meetings. The northern end of the scheme is framed by a dense field of rapidly growing trees such as birch, aspen and willow. This vegetated area will be reserved for future extensions of the hospital and is considered to be a variable and dynamic place. Temporary facilities such as a therapy garden are able to be developed pursuing the hospital’s emphasis on exceptional medical treatment and care.

144

445 m端M

Hospital Courtyard

Hospital Extension

Hospital Park

Hospital Redevelopment Target site with Landscaping

Exterior Render Hospital Extension and Parkland

Innenh旦fe begr端nt

440 m端M

Sitzelemente

Overall Development Concept Target Site with Landscaping

Zufahrt Parkdeck

Notfallvorfahrt

Haus 09 - Behandlungstrakt 00 - Notfallstation / Röntgendiagnostik Haus 12 - Psych. Poliklinik 00 - Integrierte Psychiatrie Winterthur

445 müM

446 müM

2-Stunden-Schatten

Notfallparkplatz - 14 PP

445.55

(01-U1-03R) (01-U1-04R)

445.54

Notfalllift

Fluchttreppe

445.55

3.10.16

Parkdeck mit Fassadenbegrünung - 225 PP inkl. Veloparking im EG

89 m2

(-16A)

445 müM

(15-U2-02C) (15-00-04) (15-00-28) 3.10.18

:00

4.04.02

(15-00-16)

4.04.05

(15-00-03)

10 4.04.01

4.04.06

Sitzbänke

:00

446.48

445.55

446.09

Wendehammer Elektro

Haus 02 - Brunngasse 30 01 - Personaldienst / Pflegedienstleistung

Haupteingang

445.55

Vorfahrt

(15-00-26) (15-00-22)

Parkbäume

(15-00-34)

Luftraum

Baumkörper in Sitzelementen

BehindertenParkplätze

446.20

(16-02-05)

(16-00-04)

(16-00-02)

Lüftung

(16-U1-12)

(16-00-06)

(16-02-03)

(16-U1-15) (16-U1-17)

(16-U1-11) (16-U1-09)

Elektro

1.04.07.11

Elektro

Sanitär

440 müM

1.04.07.07

Elektro

1.04.07.08

(-34A)

1.04.07.06

44 m2 114 m2

Empfang Patientenaufnahme

1.04.07.05

Haus 07 - Bettenhaus 1 00 - Med. Klinik / Patientenzimmer

Eingang Dialyse

08:00

Ersatz Cafeteria/Kiosk/Post Haus 15 320 m2

445.5 müM

1.04.07 IDEM

150 m2

Spitalpark Spazierwege

Sitzelemente 444 müM

Sitzelemente

Rundweg

Bus

halte

15:0

14:00

16 :00

0 12:0

:00

13:00

10 09:0

stel

Sanitär Med.g.

(-19)

Lüftung

(-14)

Parkbäume 443 müM

Rundweg

Parkbäume

08:00

(-07)

Lüftung

(16-U1-05)

Sitzplatz Cafeteria

445 müM

2-Stunden-Schatten

590 m2

Ersatz Dialyse - Haus 16

442 müM

e 18 441 müM

Hau 01 - s 01 Res Linds erve tras s

Hau 01 - s 22 Tec Linds hnis tr che asse r Die 20 nst

441.5 müM

.22

(-13) (16-U2-01)

Wasserbecken

445

.10

.09

1.04.07.04

1.04.07.03

1.04.07.02

1.04.07.01

(15-00-24)

Lüftung

(15-00-08)

(15-00-06)

(15-00-14)

445.55 (15-00-10) (15-00-12)

443.00

Spitalplatz

09:0

Lüftung

446.08

Haus 13 - Bettenhaus 2 00 - Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum

445.54

15:0

(-02A) (-02B)

(-09) (-02C)

194 m2

3.10 Sitzungszimmer 4.04 Dienstleistungen

3.10.19

(16-U1-01)

(14-U1-72)

Brunngasse

3.10.15

3.10.22

(14-U1-71) (14-U1-73)

14:00

3.10.21

(14-U1-70)

13:00

445.54

446.90

12:0

Ersatz Kapelle 217 m2

3.10.17 3.10.20

:0 11

Level 00 - New Building = + 445.55

441 müM

Sun-Shading Study

446.40

444.49

440 müM

Parkplatz - 20 PP

Eingang Brauerstrasse

Notaufnahme

Level 00 - New Building = + 445.55

Haus 10 - Polikliniktrakt 00 - Notfallstation / OPS Allgemein

444.49

2-Stunden-Schatten

Haus 04 - Betriebsgebäude 00 - Wäscheversorgung / Rettungsdienst 444.49

Bushaltestelle

Haus 03 - Kesselhaus 00 - Malerei / Technischer Dienst

Haus 18 - Therapiebad 00 - Physiotherapie

440.59

439.95

442.09

440.45

441.49

440.59

442.09

439.86

442.38

14-U1-76A

14-U1-76

8.01.7 (1)

(U1-14A) (U1-12)

(14-U1-14)

(14-U1-12A)

Level -01 - New Building = + 441.49

442.09

(16-00-31) 14-U1-77

14-U1-17A

(14-U1-15)

14-U1-16 14-U1-17

(14-U1-11)

(14-U1-15A)

(14-U1-26.1)

(16-00-25)

(14-U1-17) (09) (10) (16-00-15) (14-U1-26.2)

(16-00-32/34/36) 8.01.7 (2)

(14-U1-78)

441.49

441.48

439.60

14-U1-79

441.48

Elektro

(14-U1-02)

(14-U1-22)

(14-U1-23)(14-U1-03) (16-U2-11) (16-U2-18)

Lüftung

14-U1-24

Technik

440.27

(14-U1-01) (16-00-11) (16-00-12) (16-00-19) (01-03-22) (16-U2-10)

(16-00-10) (16-00-17) (00-30)

(14-U1-K02) (14-U1-06) (14-U1-20)

27A

31A

27B

31B

35 36 37 38

31C

27C

(14-U1-21)

14-U1-29

14-U1-34

(14-U1-25)

14-U1-32

14-U1-33

(16-00-08)

441.49

Elektro

-01

Sanitär

(16-00-29) Elektro

(16-00-05)

(16-00-21)

(16-00-01)

(16-00-22)

(16-00-07 )

(16-00-24)

(16-00-09)

(16-00-26)

(16-00-03)

(16-00-28)

Elektro

4.06.2 Wäscheausgabesystem

Lüftung

4.06.1 Zentralgarderobe

441

.37

437.32 437.69

437.32

438.19

437.59

437.32 438.19 438.19

438.45

437.80

Level -02 - New Building = + 437.49

438.19

437.38 437.59

436.71

437.37

471.71

438.41

435.49

438.18

Elektro

438.18

Lüftung

438.18

437.10

Serverfarm 8.01.1

437.49

Level -02 - New Building = + 437.49

436.78

-02

Sanitär

438.18

Bettenzantrale Teil NB 5.03.1

Garderobe Damen 8.01.13 (2)

Elektro

Trafo 8.01.11

437.49

Kältespeicher (Luftraum) 8.01.04 (2)

Lüftungszentrale (Luftraum) 8.01.05 (1)

Zentrale Wäscheausgabe 8.01.14

Garderobe Herren 8.01.13 (1)

Elektro Unterverteilung 8.01.09

Schwachstrom Unt. 8.01.12

-02

Notstromgenerator 8.01.10

438

.37

433.99

436.41

434.77

432.92

-03

433.56

433.75

433.40

436.19

(Lüftung)

434.49

435.54

435.68

435.68 Lüftung OP 8.01.05 (2)

HeizungsUnterstation 8.01.06

8.01.16 (1)

8.01.16 (2)

433.49

Lüftung Bettenhaus 8.01.05 (3)

Long-Section

Level -03 - New Building = + 433.49

432.18

433.40

433.89

Kältespeicher 8.01.04 (1)

Technikräume Kälteanlage 8.01.02

8.01.16 (3)

-03

Zivilschutzanlage 8.01.15

Long-Section

Level -03 - New Building = + 433.49

432.50

Aufenthalt

2.02.02.14

1.01.11.63

.71

Sanitär Med.g.

.74

1.01.11.64

1.01.11.69

1.01.11.66

(16-01-18)

(01-U1-04) (01-U1-07) (01-03-26)

452.89

(01-03-24)

Empfang Urologie

(01-01-08)

(01-01-10)

(01-01-11)

453.93

452.88

(16-02-11)

(16-02-17) (01-01-12)

(01-01-13)

(01-01-14)

1.01.09.41

Elektro

3.01.01.04 1.01.09.52

3.01.01.05 .14 3.01.01.02

3.01.01.01

3.01.01.03

3.01.01.07

Level 02 - New Building = + 452.89

1.01.12.79

1.01.12.134

1.01.12.135

1.01.12.136

1.01.12.139

1.01.12.140

1.01.12.81

1.01.12.80

Sanitär Med.g.

Lüftung

.97

.96

.94

Elektro

1.01.12.138

1.01.12.137

1.01.12.83

Lüftung

1.01.12.84

1.01.12.115

1.01.12.85

1.01.12.86

1.01.12.87

.91

1.01.12.88

1.01.12.89

.95

1.02.04.01

1.02.04.03

1.02.04.06

1.02.04.04

.172

1.01.12.180

1.02.04.05

1.01.12.178

1.01.12.175

1.01.12.174

1.02.04.07

Level 03 - New Building = + 456.29

1.02.04.22

Psychosomatischer Kinderbereich (5 Zimmer)

452.89

1.01.09.26

1.01.09.28

450.73

Level 01 - New Building = + 449.49

Notfalllift

Sanitär Med.g.

Lüftung

.73

Notfalllift

2.02.02.61

1.01.11.59

Lüftung

2.02.02.02

.71

1.01.11.68

1.01.11.54

1.01.11.67

1.01.11.70

1.01.11.65

.99

Lüftung

1.01.12.108

1.02.04.08

Notfalllift

2.02.02.60

Lüftung

1.01.11.58

.72

.76

.75

1.01.12.78

1.01.12.103

.98

1.01.12.104

1.01.12.82 1.01.12.114

1.02.04.09

2.02.02.59

448.25 1.01.11.62

1.01.11.61

450.95

2.02.02.17

1.01.11.56 1.01.11.60

1.01.11.57

1.01.11 Reserve

Elektro

1.01.12.102

1.01.12.101

.93

Bèbè 0-2 jährig (4 Zimmer)

2.02.02.58

.10

2.02.02.16

2.02.02.32

2.02.02.19

2.02.02.15

Lüftung

1.01.12.107 1.01.12.100

1.01.12.105

.122

Elektro

1.02.04.02

1.02.04.20

1.02.04.15

1.02.04.10

1.02.04.19

1.02.04.21

1.02.04.14

453.65

2.02.02.57

.33 (2)

1.01.11.55

2.02.04.35

2.02.04.04

Elternbett Elternbett

2.02.02.56

2.02.02.12

.22

Elektro

.07

.15

Elternbett Elternbett

2.02.02.55

Lüftung

2.02.04.34

2.02.04.33

2.02.04.32

2.02.04.03 2.02.04.02

.93

.126

Kleinkinder 2-5 jährig (6 Zimmer)

2.02.02.54

449.49

2.02.02.53

Elektro

Elternbett Elternbett

2.02.02.52

Atrium

2.02.04.28

Elternbett

.09 (2)

2.02.02.30

.25

(01-01-11R)

456.29

2.02.02.51

(01-01-10R)

Kinder 5-13 jährig (5 Zimmer)

2.02.02.50

.13

2.02.02.06

(01-01-09R)

2.02.02.05

(01-01-08R)

.24

3.01.01.06

2.02.02.49

.49

2.02.02.48

1.01.09.38

2.02.02.03 2.02.02.04

449.49 .09

Elektro

.13

(16-02-13)

1.01.12.11 3 1.01.12.106

1.01.12.163

2.02.04.05

1.01.12.156

2.02.04.16

1.01.12.153

.24

(16-02-15)

Elektro

1.01.12.162

1.01.12.150

.36

(16-01-33)

.127

1.01.12.157

1.01.12.112

Jugendliche 13-16 jährig (2 Zimmer)

1.01.12.111

1.01.12.154

2.02.04.31

(16-02-32)

1.01.12.120

1.01.12.173

1.01.12.151

2.02.04.30

Lüftung

1.01.12.119

1.01.12.158

2.02.02.07

Elektro

1.01.12.110

1.01.12.109

1.01.12.155

2.02.02.20

(01-00-04)

452.89

.06

(01-00-03)

1.01.12.152

2.02.04.29

(01-00-01)

Elektro

2.02.04.27

(01-03-25)

1.01.12.160

2.02.04.19

2.02.04.18

.179 .177

Elektro

.12 2.02.04.26

.167

.170

.25

1.01.09.32

.169

.63

1.01.09.31

Lüftung

.123

1.01.12.148

.62

.45

.92 .124

.171

2.02.02.47

.44

.43 1.01.09.29

1.01.12.132

1.01.12.90

1.01.12.164

1.01.12.176

1.01.12.165 1.01.12.166

1.01.12.159

2.02.02.46

1.01.09.40 1.01.09.46 .47

(16-01-37)

1.01.12.133

.126

.130.131 .128.129

Elektro

.09 (1)

.42

(16-01-35)

.126

1.01.12.121

456.29

2.02.02.45

1.01.09.50 1.01.09.30

(-18)

2.02.04.22

(16-02-17B)

.13

2.02.02.44

2.02.02.31 1.01.09.53

.12

.21 .23

449.49 Lüftung

(Reserve Urologie)

1.01.09.27

(16-02-16)

2.02.04.25

(16-02-24)

(16-01-31)

4.04.03

1.01.12.149

2.02.02.27

Lüftung

(16-U2-06A)

1.02.04.11

2.02.02.43

449.48

4.04.04

456.29

2.02.02.42

.48

(16-01-29)

Kinder Tagesklinik (4 Zimmer)

Lüftung

1.01.09.39

.181

2.02.02.26

449.49

.168

2.02.04.20

(16-02-30)

(16-01-27)

(16-01-26)

Lüftung

1.01.09.51

(16-01-23)

2.02.04.10

(16-02-26)

2.02.04.21

(16-01-20)

2.02.04.14

Sanitär

2.02.04.08

(16-01-25)

1.01.09.33

.17

Sanitär

2.02.04.11

2.02.04.12

1.01.12.145

1.01.09.34

1.01.12.146

1.01.09.35

1.01.12.161

2.02.02.28

1.01.09.37 1.01.09.36

.182

2.02.02.29

1.01.12.147

2.02.02.18

456.28 1.02.04 Reserve

2.02.02.41

Sanitär

2.02.02.11

1.01.12.118

1.01.12.117

1.01.12.125

1.02.04.18

2.02.02.40

.08

Lüftung

Sanitär Med.g.

.23

.33(1)

1.01.12.141

1.01.12.142

1.01.12.143

1.01.12.144

1.02.04.17

2.02.02.39

2.02.04.13

2.02.04 Reserve

2.02.04.12

2.02.04.37

2.02.04.38

451.10

Level 03 - New Building = + 456.29

1.02.04.16

2.02.02.38

449.48

2.02.02.37

449.49

2.02.02.36

449.49 Lüftung

Sanitär Med.g.

02 2.02.04.23

2.02.04 Reserve

452.88

2.02.02.01

448.40

2.02.02.64

452.89

Aufenthalt

Level 02 - New Building = + 452.89

Lüftung

Sanitär Med.g.

01 456.28

2.02.02.35

2.02.02.34

Level 01 - New Building = + 449.49

452.89

456.29

South Elevation

456.29 452.30 Fluchttreppe

1.01.12.116

Elternbett

452.89 452.00

451.27

452.89

452.30 Fluchttreppe

(16-02-28)

(16-U2-16) (16-02-19)

(16-02-23)

(16-02-21)

449.49 449.20

448.19

449.60 Fluchttreppe

3.01.01.08

3.01.01.09

3.01.01.10

3.01.01.11

Section [East]

07 - OKFB = + 471.19

06 - OKFB = + 467.59

U1 - OKFB = + 441.49

00 - OKFB = + 445.55

U2 - OKFB = + 437.49

U3 - OKFB = + 433.49

Section [East]

08 - OKFB = + 474.79

05 - OKFB = + 463.09

04 - OKFB = + 459.69

03 - OKFB = + 456.29

02 - OKFB = + 452.89

01 - OKFB = + 449.49

.79

Sanitär Med.g.

1.02.12.77

.62

.79

Lüftung

1.02.11 Reserve

1.02.12.49

1.02.11.38

1.02.12.55

1.02.11.25

.72 (2)

1.02.11.37

Aufenthalt

1.02.12.67

1.02.12.66

Lüftung

1.02.12.64

1.02.12.63

1.02.12.60

1.02.12.59

.44

1.02.12.54

1.02.11 Reserve

1.02.12.58

1.02.11 Reserve

.78

Elektro

.76 (2)

1.02.11.31

1.02.12.53

1.02.11.33

1.02.12.65

1.02.11.36

Elektro

1.02.11.32

1.02.12 Reserve

1.02.11.29

1.02.11.34

.78

1.02.11.30

1.02.11.35

Lüftung

1.01.03.18 1.02.11.24

(01-00-01R)

(16-02-01) 1.07.01.04

459.69 1.07.01.05

Empfang Frauenklinik

1.07.01.06

1.07.01.07

459.68 1.02.11.42

1.02.11.41

1.02.11.40

1.02.11.39

Level 04 - New Building = + 459.69

1.02.19.90

1.02.19.89

1.02.19.93

1.02.19.94

1.02.19.83

(01-00-05) (01-00-06) (01-00-07)

(01-02-19) (01-02-20)

(01-02-15) (01-02-18)

1.06.01.38

1.06.01.34

1.06.01.33

1.06.01.32

1.06.01.31

(16-01-06)

.91 (2)

.84

.95 (2)

.95 (1)

Sanitär Med.g.

Lüftung

.91 (1)

.86

Lüftung

(16-01-13 Reserve)

(16-01-11 Reserve)

1.06.01.37

1.06.01.36

1.02.19.82

1.02.19.81

Lüftung

1.02.19.87

1.02.19.85

(01-02-16)

(01-02-17)

(01-02-18R)

(01-02-17R)

(01-02-16R)

Elektro

(16-01-24)

(16-01-22)

(16-01-19)

(16-01-17)

(16-01-16)

Elektro

01.21 (0)

01.22

02.61

583 m2

01.10

1.06.01.03

02.43 01.26 1.06.01.04

01.21 (1)

02.45 01.16 + 17

01.12 1.06.01.05

1.06.01.06

01.21 (2)

Level 05 - New Building = + 463.09

01.21 (0)

2.03.01.42

2.03.01.49

2.03.01.50

2.03.01.51

2.03.01.52

2.03.01.53

2.03.01.54

2.03.01.55

2.03.01.56

2.03.01.57

2.03.01.58

2.03.01.59

2.03.01.60

2.03.01.36

2.03.01.29

2.03.01.27

2.03.01.37

2.03.01.38

2.03.01.39

2.03.01.40

2.03.01.41

.23

Sanitär Med.g.

Lüftung

.09

.35

Lüftung

.24

.08 (2)

.12

.23

.62

.61

.24

.08 (1)

Lüftung

.19 .21

467.59

1.02.12.52

1.01.03.17 1.02.11 Reserve

1.02.12.61

1.02.11

.75

Lüftung

1.06.01.28

01.20

1.02.12.51

Elektro

1.02.12.57

1.01.03.20 (16-02-08)

.76 (1)

(-07R)

1.02.12.56

(01-U1-05R) 1.06.01.08

1.02.12.50

459.69 (16-01-03)

01.29 (1) 01.21 (3)

1.02.12.71

01.14

.46

1.01.03.22 01.29 (2)

Elektro

01.30 (2) 01.30 (1) 1.06.01.27

01.13

(16-01-06)

01.18 + 19

.73

1.01.03.19 02.60

1.02.12.68

(-05R) (-01-02)

(16-01-04)

Elektro

01.39

02.50

1.06.01.25

(16-01-01) 01.11

1.02.12.70

(01-03-23)

02.59

.72 (1)

1.07.01.01

02.62

1.02.12.69

1.07.01.02

01.29 (3)

1.07.01.03

02.64 01.09

.43

(-06R) 02.58

.48

(01-00-02R)

2.03.01.43

2.03.01.44

.07

2.03.01.01

2.03.01.63

2.03.01.33

.22 (2)

2.03.01.32

2.03.01.31

2.03.01.02

Lüftung

2.03.01.15

2.03.01.14

2.03.01.13

2.03.01.17

2.03.01.11

2.03.01.30

2.03.01.34

Elektro

2.03.01.05

2.03.01.04

2.03.01.03

2.03.01.06

2.03.01.18

Elektro

.22 (1)

2.03.01.25

2.03.01.26 2.03.01.20

2.03.01.16

2.03.01.28

2.03.01.10

8.02.01 (1)

467.59

Level 06 - New Building = + 467.59

467.09

1.01.03.01

457.49

02.57

463.09

1.01.03.02

Sanitär

01.15

02.65

Lüftung

02.51

01.23

01.30 (4) 01.30 (3)

02.67

02.49 + 54

1.06.01.24

02.44

.47

(01-00-04R) 1.06.01.35

1.06.02.69 1.06.02.62

(16-02-06)

459.69

(16-02-04)

02.48

(16-02-02)

1.06.02.72 02.70

Lüftung

(01-00-03R)

(01-02-15R)

Lüftung

1.02.11.26

463.08

1.01.03.06

1.06. 02.47

1.01.03.04

Sanitär

1.01.03.03

Elektro

1.01.03.21

2.03.01.45

2.03.01.46

Lüftung

Sanitär Med.g.

Level 06 - New Building = + 467.59

466.48

1.01.03.05

2.03.01.48 2.03.01.47

Sanitär

1.01.03.07

1.06.02.53

1.01.03.08

02.55

.23 (2)

01.02

01.01 1.06.02.52

1.01.03.09

459.68 Lüftung

Sanitär Med.g.

1.01.03.11

463.08

1.01.03.16

02.41

.25

04 1.01.03.15

1.06.02.42

Lüftung

459.69 463.64

.24

Sanitär Med.g.

464.13

1.01.03.10

.23 (1)

1.01.03.12

Level 05 - New Building = + 463.09

466.48

1.01.03.13

1.01.03.14

453.80

Level 04 - New Building = + 459.69

466.49 467.57 467.59

463.09

459.69

463.09 463.09

02.66

1.06.01.07

Notfalllift

.45 1.02.11.28

1.02.11.27

http://www .google.ch/imgres?imgurl=http://www .kuleuven-kortrijk.be/bioweb/photos/H/thmbs/hedera%2520helix-klimop-03467.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www .kuleuven-kortrijk.be/bioweb/%3Flang%3Ddu%26detail%3D638&usg=__8c6U8K-N0Nyz8bnEjubmAAF5A2o=&h=180&w=240&sz=19&hl=de&start=20&zoom=1&tbnid=2Vlgtl343j07KM:&tbnh=139&tbnw=171&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dklimop%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dde%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DX%26rls%3Den%26biw%3D1081%26bih%3D805%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C700&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=440&ei=R_-HTMnZGoLOswahuti2Cg&oei=Nv-HTIOlCIaWswan2KCdCg&esq=2&page=2&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:13,s:20&tx=71&ty=76&biw=1081&bih=805

2.02.03.42

2.02.03.41

2.02.03.40

2.02.03.39

2.02.03.38

2.02.03.37

2.02.03.36

2.02.03.35

2.02.03.34

Sanitär Med.g.

Lüftung

.10

.14 (2)

Lüftung

.09 (2)

.06

471.19

2.02.03.33

.02 .04

.13

.06

.44

.43

.09 (1)

Lüftung

.05

Aufenthalt

2.02.03.14

2.02.03.02

Lüftung

2.02.03.17

2.02.03.16

2.02.03.13

2.02.03.19

2.02.03.15

2.02.03.12

Elektro

2.02.03.06

2.02.03.05

2.02.03.03 2.02.03.04

2.02.03.07

2.02.03.01

Elektro

.03

2.02.03.08

2.02.03.07

2.02.03.09

2.02.03.11

2.02.03.12

2.02.03.18

2.02.03.10

469.88

Level 07 - New Building = + 471.19

2.02.01.61

2.02.01.60

2.02.01.59

2.02.01.58

2.02.01.57

2.02.01.56

2.02.01.55

2.02.01.54

2.02.01.53

2.02.01.52

2.02.01.51

2.02.02.50

2.02.01.49

2.02.01.48

2.02.01.47

2.02.01.46

2.02.01.45

2.02.01.44

2.02.01.43

2.02.01.42

2.02.01.41

2.02.01.40

2.02.01.39

2.02.01.38

.25

Sanitär Med.g.

Lüftung

.10

.33 (2)

Lüftung

.09 (2)

.21 .23

.13

.25

.63

.62

.09 (1)

Lüftung

.33(1)

.08

Lüftung

Sanitär Med.g.

474.79

2.02.03.32

2.02.03.31

2.02.03.30

2.02.03.29

2.02.03.28

2.02.03.27

2.02.03.26

2.02.03.25

2.02.03.24

2.02.03.23

2.02.03.22

2.02.03.21

.14 (1)

2.02.03.11

Sanitär

2.02.03.20

.08

2.02.01.37

2.02.01.36

2.02.01.35

2.02.01.34 2.02.01.01

2.02.01.64

Aufenthalt

.24

Aufenthalt

2.02.01.14

2.02.01.02

Lüftung

2.02.01.17

2.02.01.16

2.02.01.32

2.02.01.19

2.02.01.15

2.02.01.12

Elektro

2.02.01.06

2.02.01.05

2.02.01.03 2.02.01.04

2.02.01.07

2.02.01.20

Elektro

.22

2.02.01.27

2.02.01.26

2.02.01.28

2.02.01.30

2.02.01.31

2.02.01.18

2.02.01.29

2.02.01.11

Sanitär

2.02.03.19

2.02.03.18

2.02.03.01

2.02.03.45

Aufenthalt

Level 08 - New Building = + 474.79

473.28

Level 08 - New Building = + 474.79

8.02.01 (2)

2.02.03.17

Lüftung

469.88

Sanitär Med.g.

2.02.03.16

Level 07 - New Building = + 471.19

473.28

2.02.03.15

Level 09 - New Building = + 478.59

476.70

Level 09 - New Building = + 478.59

476.70

478.59

463.09

01.21 (0) Sterilgang

463.09

Public Courtyard 583 m2 02.61 Ausfahren 5.12 m2

02.70 WC Pat 7.20 m2

01.15 Nachbehandlung 1 11.11 m2

1.06.02.72 Kleineingriffsraum 35.64 m2

1.06.02.42 Warten 1 präoperativ 24.79 m2

01.09 Vorbereitung 1 15.02 m2

02.65 Sterilgut Einwegmat 13.80 m2

1.06. 02.47 Pflegestützpunkt 18.85 m2

01.22 Händewaschen 1 4.08 m2

1.06.02.52 Ausguss 9.19 m2

02.41 Anmeldung Disp Admin 23.07 m2

1.06.01.04 OP Saal 2 52.14 m2

02.58 Vorbereitung 1 12.60 m2

1.06.02.62 OP Saal 1 Augen 35.64 m2

1.06.02.53 Einzelkojen ODS 139.40 m2

1.06.01.03 OP Saal 1 52.14 m2

01.21 (1) Sterilgang Raum 1 25.08 m2

01.10 Vorbereitung 2 15.02 m2

4 01.26 Geräteraum Augen 22.75 m2

02.43 WC Pat. 8.59 m2

Elektro 6.24 m2

01.30 (4) Bettenwarten 4 9.90 m2

Lüftung 32.40 m2

01.30 (3) Bettenwarten 3 9.90 m2

463.08

01.16 + 17 Nachbehandlung 2 + 3 21.84 m2

02.45 Umbetten inkl. Leitstelle 22.17 m2

9 01.11 Vorbereitung 3 15.02 m2

01.29 (3) Umbetten Platz 3 14.07 m2

02.44 Bettenwarten bei ODS 12.46 m2

02.57 Händewaschen 4.08 m2 02.49 + 54 Umkleide SDA Stauraum Garderobenkästen 14.16 m2

1.06.01.06 OP Saal 4 52.14 m2 01.12 Vorbereitung 4 15.02 m2

02.62 OP Saal 2 35.64 m2

02.66 Geräteraum 13.80 m2

02.51 Büro AA 14.30 m2

02.50 UZ 2 14.30 m2

01.18 + 19 Nachbehandlung 4 + 5 21.84 m2 02.64 OP Saal 3 35.64 m2

01.13 Vorbereitung 5 15.02 m2

Elektro 6.89 m2

01.14

Vorbereitung 15.02 m2

01.30 (2) Bettenwarten 2 16.71 m2

01.30 (1) Bettenwarten 1 16.71 m2

Lüftung 5.54 m2

Surgery Department

6 Reserve

(16-01-16 (16-01-17 Ersatz Stomaber. Ersatz UZ Stoma 15.16 m2) 16.23 m2)

Elektro 8.67 m2

(16-01-24 Ersatz Lager Gipszimmer 12.02 m2)

(16-01-22 Ersatz Gipszimmer Haus 16 33.38 m2)

1.06.01.35 Büro Anästhesie 17.96 m2

01.39 Putzraum 12.32 m2

Lüftung 6.92 m2

1.06.01.24 Geräteraum 1 29.93 m2

(16-01-06 Ersatz Putzraum 8.24 m2)

Lüftung 10.24 m2

1.06.01.25 Geräteraum 2 34.65 m2

1.06.01.27 Entsorgung 13.95 m2

1.06.01.28 Entsorgung Einwegmat 13.95 m2

1.06.01.36 Garderobe D WC/Du 27.72 m2

(16-01-03 Ersatz Aufenthaltsraum Haus 16 34.65 m2)

(16-01-04 Ersatz OPS Nebenraum Haus 16 25.83 m2)

OPS General

1.06.01.37 Garderobe H WC/Du 24.68 m2

1.06.01.31 Büro 1 17.01 m2

(16-01-06 Reserve 17.01 m2)

(16-01-11 Reserve 16.99 m2)

1.06.01.32 Büro 2 17.01 m2

Aufenthalt

2.02.03.01 Stationsleitung 15.47 m2

6 2.02.03.11 Geräteraum 16.23 m2

2.02.03.10 Behandlung 16.23 m2

Lüftung 6.01 m2

2.02.03.08 Ausguss 6.01 m2

(01-02-17 Umzug Haus 01 Büro Pflegedienst 16.23 m2)

(01-02-16 Umzug Haus 01 Leitung Wachsaal 16.23 m2)

1.02.19.85 Aufenthalt Personal 16.23 m2

1.02.19.87 WC/Garderoben 15.16 m2

1.02.19.81 Empfang/Sekret. 24.66 m2

Lüftung 13.44 m2

1.02.19.82 Wartezone 31.75 m2

1.02.19.86 Putzraum 6.01 m2

2.02.03.12 Interd. Besprechung gross 25.02 m2

2.02.03.11 Besprechung klein 16.45 m2

2.02.03.09 Sammelvorraum 16.23 m2

2.02.03.07 Bettenwarten sauber 24.81 m2

.14 (1) WC Pers. 6.01 m2

Lüftung 6.01 m2

1.06.01.33 Büro 3 17.01 m2

1.02.19.95 WC Pat. 3.96 m2

1.06.01.34 Büro OP Pflege 17.01 m2

(01-02-15/18 Umzug Haus 01 OPS allgemein 36.53 m2)

1.06.01.38 Aufenthalt 36.53 m2

(01-00-05/06/07 Umzug Haus 01 Pflegedienstleitung 34.51 m2)

(01-02-19/20 Umzug Haus 01 OPS allgemein 35.83 m2)

3 2.02.03.07 Sterilgut 10.43 m2

2.02.03.18 Untersuchung 16.23 m2

1.02.19.91 Materialraum 6.01 m2

(16-01-13 Reserve 13.95 m2)

1.02.19.83 Sprechzimmer/Büro 30.42 m2

.03 Putzr. Handl. 3.91 m2

2.02.03.08 Bettenwarten schmutzig 24.65 m2

2.02.03.03/04 Pflegestützpunkt 33.92 m2

2.02.03.05 Pflegestützpunkt 32.05 m2

2.02.03.09 (1) Ausguss 6.01 m2

.43/.44 WC Bes. 6.01

1.02.19.91 Material 3.96 m2

1.02.19.84 Ejakulation 8.19 m2

1.02.19.94 Liegeraum 22.81 m2

1.02.19.93 OP 22.81 m2

1.02.19.89 Behandlungszimmer 22.81 m2

1.02.19.90 Labor 22.81 m2

2.02.03.13 Blumenecke 3.70 m2

2.02.03.05 Wäsche 4.53 m2

9 Elektro 8.67 m2

2.02.03.12 Geräteraum 23.73 m2

2.02.03.15 Büro AA 16.23 m2

2.02.03.19 Untersuchung 16.23 m2

8 2.02.03.13 Aufenthalt Personal 33.38 m2

2.02.03.16 Büro AA 16.23 m2

2.02.03.17 Stationssekret. 15.16 m2

2.02.03.02 Stationsleitung 15.16 m2

Lüftung 13.44 m2

2.02.03.14 Büro OA 16.45 m2

Aufenthalt

.25 Schrank Spezialwäsche 0.5 m2

471.19

239 m2

2.02.03.06 Apotheke und Zubereitung 18.75 m2

2.02.03.01 Office 15.16 m2

Elektro 8.67 m2

Sanitär Med.g. 2.87 m2

Lüftung 6.01 m2

1.02.19.95 WC Pat. 3.96 m2

Fertility Centre

.25 Schrank Spezialwäsche 0.5 m2

Sanitär Med.g. 2.87 m2

(01-02-18R Umzug Haus 01 Zentrale Codierung 16.23 m2)

298 m2

2.02.03.45 Raucherraum 16.45 m2

(01-02-17R Umzug Haus 01 Zentrale Codierung 16.23 m2)

(01-02-16R Umzug Haus 01 Zentrale Codierung 23.73 m2)

Elektro 8.67 m2

Lüftung 6.01 m2

1'192 m 2

Sanitär 2.81 m2

Umbetten Reserve

02.67 Reinigung/Entsorgung 10.27 m2

01.29 (1) Umbetten Platz 1 19.09 m2

1.06.02.69 Lounge postoperativ 17.96 m2

(16-01-19 Ersatz Sitzungszi. Stoma 16.23 m2)

01.20 Nachbehandlung 6 Reserve 11.12 m2

1.06.01.07 OP Saal 5 52.14 m2

01.21 (3) Sterilgang Raum 3 25.08 m2 1.06.01.08 OP Saal 6 Reserve 52.14 m2

01.29 (2) Umbetten Platz 2 19.09 m2

Sanitär Med.g. 2.65 m2

01.23 Händewaschen 2 4.08 m2

(16-01-02 Ersatz Vorbereitung 19.80 m2)

(16-01-01 Ersatz OP 9 Haus 16 35.64 m2)

01.02 Aufwachen 206.73 m2

02.60 Vorbereitung 3 12.60 m2

Sanitär 2.81 m2

01.01 Stützpunkt Aufwachen 25.23 m2

01.21 (2) Sterilgang Raum 2 25.08 m2

02.59 Vorbereitung 2 12.60 m2

02.48 UZ 1 14.30 m2

02.55 Geräteraum 14.44 m2

1.06.01.05 OP Saal 3 52.14 m2

Day Surgery Department

01.21 (0) Sterilgang

2.02.03.09 (2) Ausguss 6.01 m2

2.02.03.02/04 Putzraum 3.70 m2

Lüftung 6.01 m2

.14 (2) WC Pers. 6.01 m2

2.02.03.10 Ausguss 6.01 m2

Lüftung 6.01 m2

Sanitär Med.g. 2.87 m2

5 2.02.03.15 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 32.28 m2

2.02.03.16 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 32.28 m2

2.02.03.18 2.02.03.19 2.02.03.17 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 32.28 m2 32.28 m2 32.28 m2

2.02.03.20 2.02.03.21 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 32.28 m2 32.28 m2

2.02.03.22 2.02.03.23 2.02.03.24 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 32.28 m2 32.28 m2 32.28 m2

2.02.03.25 2.02.03.26 2.02.03.27 2.02.03.28 2.02.03.29 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 32.28 m2 32.28 m2 32.28 m2 32.28 m2 32.28 m2

2.02.03.30 2.02.03.31 2.02.03.32 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 32.28 m2 32.28 m2 32.28 m2

2.02.03.33 2.02.03.34 2.02.03.35 2.02.03.36 2.02.03.37 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 32.28 m2 32.28 m2 32.28 m2 32.28 m2 32.28 m2

2.02.03.38 2.02.03.39 2.02.03.40 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 32.28 m2 32.28 m2 32.28 m2

2.02.03.41 2.02.03.42 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 2-Bettzimmer inkl. Nasszelle 32.28 m2 32.28 m2

1'498 m 2

Steigz. Elektro & Med.Gas Wand Demontable Vorsatzplatte Corian

2xRJ45

Medienterminal

Medienterminal 70

mobiles Patientenmöbel / Schrankeinsatz

Zuluft

85 15 85

Patient Ward [56 Beds, 28 Rooms]

Einbaumöbel Panele Holzfurnier

Wand Anstrich Weiss

Sanitaer 1.955

Einbaumöbel Panele Holzfurnier

2.10

Wand PU-Belag fugenlos

1.80

1.125

mobiles Patientenmöbel / Schrankeinsatz

VAV+SD

im Boden

1.085

1.005

255

1.305

1.255

Schiebetüre Holzfurnier

1.765

Eingangstüre EI30 RAL 9010

Plan Layout of Patient Room

615

3.265

Boden 5mm Bodenbelag

1.165

3.965

Raumtrennung Satinierte Doppelverglasung

Wand Anstrich Weiss

Abluft 45/20

Zuluft 45/20 15

Garderobe Chromstahl

Medizinalgase

Sprinkler

didymos

3.16

485

Level 01 - Fire Protection

Level 00 - Fire Protection

Fluchttreppe

Level -01 - Fire Protection

2.135

485

Level 02 - Fire Protection

2.135

485

Level 05 - Fire Protection

2.135

285

Level 08 - Fire Protection

LED

07-08

05 LED

02-04 LED

LED

-01

didymos

153

PSYCHIATRIC HEA LTHCAR E Professiona l Experience; UPK : [ Un iversit y Psych iat ric Hospita l]

The renovation of a 1870s Psychiatric Residence was a challenging, but thought provoking project. The clients wished for a state of the art (4 1/2 star) Psychiatric clinic accomodation ward to replace the grungy and unsanitary existing building by adapting each floor to fit within the requirements of such a building and to stay true to the buildings heritage aesthetics. As part of the Interior Design time, I worked extensively on the room layouts and furniture choices. Decisions had to be clearly thought through as each room must comply with the heath and safety requirements of such a building but also comply with the clients decision of a state of the art clinic. In the later stages of design, great attention was placed on the poetics of the spaces intensified through specific lighting layout and choices.

154

OK FIRST HAUPTDACH = +13.42 Neu +13.50

OK FIRST QUERDACH = +12.12 Neu +12.20

OK DACHRAND LUKARNE = +10.90

UK DACHLUKARNE = +9.43 OK DACHRINNE = +8.92

DACHGESCHOSS = +8.18 Neu +8.24

1. OBERGESCHOSS = +4.32

Alle Masse sind vom Unternehmer verantwortlich zu prüfen Brüstungs- und Türhöhen sind auf OKFB bezogen Details sind zu berücksichtigen 0m ERDGESCHOSS = ±0.00

Legende: X: 609500.874 Y: 268860.639 Z: +/-0.0m: 268.13 m.ü.M.

Metallständerwand Dämmung Beton

-1.12

Kalksandstein Backstein Bestand UNTERGESCHOSS = -2.75

±0.00 = 268.13 m.ü.M

ca. 5.045

ca. 2

ca. 775

ca. 2.34

ca. 10.815

ca. 55

8.86

ca. 55

10.55

ca. 765

ca. 2.34

ca. 5.04

ca. 2

8.86

Kanton Basel-Stadt

28.26

vertreten durch das Bau- und Verkehrsdeparteme

Städtebau & Architektur -

Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27

Bauliche Anpassungen G Gebäude J

Fassade Süd

Planer : Rapp Arcoplan AG Hochstrasse Baader Architekten BSA SIA AG G Gebäudetyp

Strassencode

Haus Nr. / a-z

GV Trakt

Sparte A

OK FIRST HAUPTDACH = +13.42 Neu +13.50

OK FIRST QUERDACH = +12.12 Neu +12.20

OK DACHRAND LUKARNE = +10.90

UK DACHLUKARNE = +9.43 OK DACHRINNE = +8.92

DACHGESCHOSS = +8.18 Neu +8.24

1. OBERGESCHOSS = +4.32

-0.04

Alle Masse sind vom Unternehmer verantwortlich zu prüfen, bzw. am Bau zu nehmen BF: Bodenfläche Brüstungs- und Türhöhen sind auf OKFB bezogen BF<1.8m: Bodenfläche mit Raumhöhe kleiner als 1.8m Details sind zu berücksichtigen Raumhöhe von OKFB bis UKFD 0m

ERDGESCHOS = ±0.00

Legende: Metallständerwand Dämmung

-1.12

Beton

Absenken Terrain + neues Geländer:

Kalksandstein

nicht in Kosten enthalten

Backstein

Bestand UNTERGESCHOSS = -2.75

±0.00 = 268.13 m.ü.M

ca. 6

ca. 3.99

ca. 2.34

ca. 215 ca. 55

6.615

ca. 1.76

ca. 55 ca. 225

2.70

ca. 3.925

ca. 2.34

ca. 55

6.64

Kanton Basel-Stadt

15.955

vertreten durch das Bau- und Verkehrsdepartement

Städtebau & Architektur - Hochbauamt Datum : 01.03.2012

Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel

Gez. : B. Timm Format : 841 x 594 Plan-Nr. : A5FOX12A Planrevisionen : -

Bauliche Anpassungen Gebäude B+J Gebäude J

Fassade Ost

1 : 50

Mst. :

Planer : Rapp Arcoplan AG Hochstrasse 100, 4018 Basel Tel. 061 335 79 20 Fax. 061 335 77 00 Email: Thomas.Stegmaier@rapp.ch Baader Architekten BSA SIA AG Güterstrasse 144, 4002 Basel Tel. 061 260 90 70 Fax. 061 260 90 71 Email: arch@baader.ch Gebäudetyp

Strassencode

UPK [University Psychiatric Hospital] Basel, Switzerland: Extensive Renovations to Interior Layout and Exterior Facade. [A] South Elevation [B] East Elevation 155

Haus Nr. / a-z

GV Trakt

Sparte

Planungsphase

Planart

Geschoss / Geschossz. / Lage Schnittebene O

Nummerierung

Version

Fileendung

dwg

UPK [University Psychiatric Hospital] Patient Accommodation

UPK [University Psychiatric Hospital] Basel, Switzerland: Extensive Renovations to Interior Layout and Exterior Facade. Location Plan of Psychiatric Care Centre and Surrounding Hospital Facilities 156

28.36 8.855

8.855

10.55

0.17 Schlupfkeller

0.02 Treppe

0.03 Waschküche

0.04 Schlupfkeller

0.05 Schlupfkeller

BF: 42.6m2 B: Erdreich (b) BF<1.3m: 42.6m2 W: Bruchstein roh (b) RH: D: Hurdis roh (b)

BF: 5.7m2 BF<1.3m: RH: ca. 2.37m B: Naturstein (b) W: Verputz (b) gestr. (n) D: Verputz (b) gestr. (n)

BF: 13.1m2 BF<1.3m: RH: 2.38m

BF: 12.6m2 B: Erdreich (b) BF<1.3m: 12.6m2 W: Bruchstein roh (b) RH: D: Hurdis roh (b)

BF: 27.9m2 B: Erdreich (b) BF<1.3m: 27.9m2 W: Bruchstein roh (b) RH: D: Hurdis roh (b)

ca. -1.65m

U01 - EI30

-2.75m

Tisch Bestand

-2.75m

ca. 17

1.60

89i.L. ca.15 1 2.05i.L. 1.06 2.10

3 Bank 1m x 0.4m

75 10 75

ca. 8.09

BF: 2.2m2 BF<1.3m: RH: 2.38m

B: Fliesen (n) W: Verputz gestr. (n) D: Verputz (b) gestr. (n)

2.70

U04 - EI30

0.09 Putzraum B: Fliesen (n) W: Fliesen (b) D: Verputz gestr. (b)

-2.75m

BF: 9.1m2 BF<1.3m: RH: 2.38m

ca.9 Rev. Offnung B: 50 x H: 40 cm UK: 10cm ab FB mittig vom Bad

U06 - BVD/T30

0.14 Wellness BF: 16.4m2 BF<1.3m: RH: 2.56m

0.10 Garderobe H inkl Vorraum

-2.93m

B: Fliesen (n) W: WP gestrichen (n) D: WP gestrichen (n)

Massage Liege

Stuhl

BF: 15.6m2 BF<1.3m: RH: 2.38m

92 ca.9 2.01 90i.L. 1 2.00i.L.

0.08 Schlupfkeller BF: 42.7m2 B: Erdreich (b) BF<1.3m: 42.7m2 W: Bruchstein roh (b) RH: D: Hurdis roh (b)

Alle Masse sind vom Unternehmer verantwortlich zu prüfen, bzw. am Bau Brüstungs- und Türhöhen sind auf OKFB bezogen Details sind zu berücksichtigen 0m

ca. -1.65m

ca. 1.10

Legende: Metallständerwand Dämmung

U05 - EI30

B: Kunsstoff (b) W: Abrieb gestrichen (b) D: Verputz gestrichen (b)

Beton Kalksandstein Backstein

10 ca.79

Bestand

±0.00 = 268.13 m.ü.M

Gard.Schr. Bestand 5

Abf.

1.80

Wäsche

ca. 1.44

B: Anstrich (n) W: Anstrich (n) D: Anstrich (b)

-2.75m

Abf.

ca. 3.05

6.615

Schrank Bestand Schrank Bestand

Abwasserhebeanlage

-2.75m

ca. 5.38

RH: 2.38m

BF: 2.2m2 BF<1.3m: RH: 2.56m

0.11 WC

U10

lup Sch

ca. -4.87m

B: Zementüberzug gestr. (n) W: Bruchstein/Beton roh (n) D: Hurdis roh (n)

Verbindungskorridor

18 0.12 WC

0.15 Lager BF: 43.5m2

-2.75m

90 2.10 1 88i.L. 1 2.09i.L.

U09 - EI30

ca. 63 Ex-

r elle

70i.L. 15 2.09i.L.

Garderobe

D B: Klinker gestrichen (b) W: Verputz gestrichen (b) D: Verputz gesrichen (b)

6.615

1.39

90 2.10 1 88i.L. 1 2.09i.L.

U09 - EI30

1.21

25 2.57

3.60

BF: 6.6m2 BF<1.3m: RH: 2.38m

B: Klinker gestrichen (b) W: Verputz gestrichen (b) D: Verputz gestrichen (b)

90 2.10 1 88i.L. 1 2.09i.L.

Schrank Bestand

ca. 9.28

16 8

25 -5.07m Schrank Bestand

-2.93m

0.07 Keller

BF: 14.0m2 BF<1.3m: RH: 2.38m

16.055

U10 - EI30

685

0.06 Haustechnik

U03

ca.23

B: Hartbeton geschliffen (n) W: Verputz gestrichen (n) D: Anstrich (n)

1.60 2.15 1.30i.L. 2.00 i.L.

8 61

BF: 39.8m2 BF<1.3m: RH: 2.56m

Putzwagen Best. B:1.10m x T:0.65m x H1.20m

Wagen Wäsche B:1.60m x T:0.61m x H:1.40m

ca. 3.245

1.30i.L. 2.09i.L.

1.30 2.10

-2.75m

ca. 6.215

2.70

16.055

0.01 Diele

Regal offen

U02 - EI30

Regal offen

B: Klinker (b) gestrichen (n) W: Verputz (b) gestrichen (n) D: Verputz (b) gestrichen (n)

ca. 4.71

Regal offen

0.16 Lager BF: 21.0m2 BF<1.3m: RH: 2.38m

1.06 ca.105 2.10 1.04i.L. 1 2.09i.L.

Regal offen

ca.42

Regal offen

U07

Regal Offen

Garderobeschränke Bestand

615

975

X: 609500.874 Y: 268860.639 Z: +/-0.0m: 268.13 m.ü.M.

645

Trockner

ca. 2.44

2.08

0.19 Lift

B: Zementüberzug gestr. (n) W: Verputz gestrichen (n) D: Verputz gestrichen (n)

Waschm.

ca. -1.65m

1 71i.L. 1 2.09i.L. 73 2.10

6.64

ca. -1.65m

6.64

B: Erdreich (b) W: Bruchstein roh (b) D: roh (b)

Bügelbrett/-eisen Best.

BF: 7.6m2 BF<1.3m: 7.6m2 RH: -

ca. 4.455

0.18 Schlupfkeller

1.10

Wäscheständer Best.

Kanton Basel-Stadt vertreten durch das Bau- und Verkehrsdepartement

Städtebau & Architektur - Hochb

Verbindungskorridor

8.855

Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012

8.855

10.55

28.36

UPK [University Psychiatric Hospital] Basel, Switzerland: Extensive Renovations to Interior Layout and Exterior Facade. [A] Basement Level Plan [B] Exterior View of Hospital after completion. 157

Bauliche Anpassungen Gebäud Gebäude J

Grundriss Untergeschoss

Planer : Rapp Arcoplan AG Hochstrasse 100, 4018 Basel Baader Architekten BSA SIA AG Güterstrasse 144, 4 Gebäudetyp

Strassencode

Haus Nr. / a-z

GV Trakt

Sparte

Planungsphase

28.36 8.855

3.395

3.405

3.75

8.855

-0.96m

64 ca. 4.37

6.64

Stu hl

ca. 5.51 8

82i.L. 2.33i.L.

ca.34

205

1.06 2.41 90i.L.

675

2.33i.L. Schneidebrett

P04 - EI30 autom.Türoffn. Sichtfenster

P05 - EI30 autom.Türoffn. Sichtfenster

P06 - T30/BVD

P01 - T30/BVD

SST

Fernseher

ca. 3.59

SST Verstärkung für Deckenleuchte Mittig im Raum zu positionieren

P.06 Diele Ost BF:

24.0m2

RH: 3.88m

P.02 Eingangshalle

2.70

B: Parkett (b) W: WP gestrichen (n) D: WP gestrichen (n)

P07 - EI30-cA

BF:

RH: 3.88m

3.15

Stuhl B.

ca. 1.475

43 ca.11 98 2.41

ca. 505

1.00i.L. 2.33i.L.

ca. 3.335

B: Parkett (b) W: WP gestrichen (n) D: WP gestrichen (n)

14.6m2

ca. 2.31

B: Parkett (b) W: WP gestrichen (n) D: WP gestrichen (n)

BF: 38.2m2 B: Terrazzo Fliesen (n) W: Lamperie (n) / WP gestrichen (n) RH: 3.88m D: WP gestrichen (n)

SST

RH: 3.88m

P.11 Diele West

ca. 1.515

P03 - EI30

P14

BF:

9.3m2

ca. 2.725

Tisch 0.8x1.6 mit Blende

P.10 Hotelier

2.70

±0.00m

P12 - T30/BVD

16.055

B.S tuh l

SST

ca. 1.515

P17

6 ca. 69i.L. 6 2.33i.L.

5 L.T.90i.L. 5 2.05i.L.

P16 - T30/BVD

Bank L:1m

P13 - EI30-cA

P15 - EI30 Abf. Stuhl

25 75 1 75 25 55 125

Stuhl

16.055

Stuhl

Tisch 80x80

715

93 15

05 25 5 7575 25

2.33i.L.

21 215

ca. 81 2.41

Stuhl B.

Tisch Best.

BF: 1.7m2 Abf. RH: 2.60m B: Ter.Fliesen (n) W: WP gestr.(n) D: WP gestr.(n)

BF: 16.45m2 B: Parkett (n) W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 3.88m D: WP gestrichen (n)

205

1.60

P.05 Aufenthalt MA inkl. Küche

BF: 28.87m2 B: Fliesen R11 (n) W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 3.88m D: WP gestrichen (n)

ca. 2.725

1 54

10 1.47

15 20 ca. 2.695

Liege

P.04 Küche

Stuhl

P.16 WC

1.975 ca. 59 255

BF: 13.7m2 B: Parkett (n) W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 3.88m D: WP gestrichen (n)

18 75

SST

ca. 1.16 2.41 ca.98i.L.

P.03 Raucherraum

ca. 3.475

Sofa Best.

P02 - T30/BVD

505

SST

Sessel

B: Naturstein (n) W: WP gestrichen (n) D: WP gestrichen (n)

P.15 Lift

Stuhl B.

1.23

SST Fenster mit Kippantrieb

Sessel Tisch

hl Stu

Stuhl B.

90 2.14

ca. 5.495

6.64

B.Stuhl B.

Tisch 0.8x1.6

Stuhl B.

Waage

P.14 Vorplatz RH: 3.88m

Abf. B.

1.32

BF: 12.6m2 B: Naturstein (n), Schmutzschl. (n) W: Lamperie (b) / WP gestr. (n) RH: 2.74m D: WP gestrichen (n) -0.96m

BF: 8.2m2

W: WP gestrichen (n) D: WP gestrichen (n)

SST 14 44 P.01 Eingang

75 75 75 125

B.Stuhl B.

P.13 Mediraum RH: 3.88m

100

Schmutzschleuse eingelassen 1.47 x 1.23m

2 BF: 15.4m Tisch 0.8x1.6B: Parkett (n)

Tisch 1.1 x 2.4 Bestand

325

Abf. B.

BF: 30.3m2 B: Parkett (n) W: WP gestrichen (n)

Stuhl B. Stuhl B. B. (n)Stuhl B. RH: 3.88m D: WP Stuhl gestrichen

Stuhl B.

Abf.B.

Abf. B.

Tisch 0.8x1.6

P.12 Stationszimmer

SST

ca. 3.185

SST

P08 - T30/BVD

Möbel Best. inkl. FLP Bank L:2m

Lichttherapie Bestand

Buffet

P09 - EI30-cA Stuhl

Stuhl

ca. 5.515

BF: 50.5m2 B: Parkett (b) W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 3.88m D: WP gestrichen (n)

Sessel

Stuhl

BF: 50.5m2 B: Parkett (b) W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 3.88m D: WP gestrichen (n)

Tisch 80x80

Verstärkung für Deckenleuchte Mittig im Raum zu positionieren Sessel

Sessel

Stuhl

Verstärkung für Deckenleuchte Mittig im Raum zu positionieren

Alle Masse sind vom Unternehmer verantwort Brüstungs- und Türhöhen sind auf OKFB bezo Details sind zu berücksichtigen

Stuhl

SST

Stuhl

BF: 53.7m2 B: Parkett (b) W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 3.88m D: WP gestrichen (n)

Tisch 80x80

Stuhl

Tisch 80x80

Legende: Metallständerwand

Tisch 80x80

Dämmung

Stuhl

Hocker

Stuhl Best.

Hocker

Tisch Tisch

Tisch Sessel

Sessel

Stuhl Best.

Sessel

Backstein

Tisch 80x80

Bestand

Stuhl Stuhl

Stu hl

Sessel

±0.00 = 268.13 m.ü.M

SST

Stu

X: 609500.874 Y: 268860.639 Z: +/-0.0m: 268.13 m.ü.M.

1.25

SS T

T SS

Stuhl

Tisch Durchm. 1.2

SST

Stuhl

Tisch Stuhl

8.855

Stuhl

Tisch Stuhl

Tisch

Liege

Stuhl

Liege

Stuhl

Kanton Basel-Stad

SST

Veranda

Stuhl

Tisch Stuhl

Stuhl

Tisch Stuhl

625

Stuhl

Tisch

vertreten durch das Bau- und Verkehr

Städtebau & Archite

Stuhl

Wilhelm Klein-Stras

1.845

SST

Beton

Stuhl

Tisch Best.

Stuhl

Stu

Stuhl Best.

Stuhl

hl Stu

Hocker

Stuhl

Kalksandstein Sessel

Fernseher

Stuhl Best.

Stuhl

Sideboard

Stuhl Best.

Bücherregal

Stuhl Best.

Hocker

Stuhl

8.855

10.55

Bauliche Anpassun Gebäude J

28.36

Stuhl

6.615

Hocker

Hock. Best.

ca. 5.515

ge lB es

Hocker

P.07 Speisesaal

1.135

P.08 Aufenthalts-/Gruppenraum

tan d

Hocker

ca 8.19

Stuhl Tisch 80x80

Flü

Teppich Bestand

P.09 Multifunktionsraum

Verstärkung für Deckenleuchte Mittig im Raum zu positionieren

545

ca. 9.44

Bücherregal

Sessel

Tisch

ca. 5.515

6.615

SST

Sessel

P11

Hocker

P10

ca. 8.185

Grundriss Erdge

Planer : Rapp Arcoplan AG Baader Architekten BSA

UPK [University Psychiatric Hospital] Basel, Switzerland: Extensive Renovations to Interior Layout and Exterior Facade. [C] Ground Level Plan [D] Interior Photograph of Ground Level Entrance Space. 158

Gebäudetyp

Strassencode

Haus Nr. / a-z

GV Trakt

28.36 3.395

3.405

8.855

1.50

3.75

815

8.855

BF: 38.4m2

5 Minibar

106 -T30/BVD

ca. 1.13 75 2.33

Bank L:2m

1.08 Diele Ost BF: 24.0m2

+4.32m

B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

RH: 3.39m

SST B: Fliesen (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: Metalldecke (b)

B: Fliesen (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: Metalldecke (b)

RH: 2.615 m

BF: 2.9m2 RH: 2.615 m

Minibar

Bett 1.2x2.1

N.tisch

ca. 925

ca. 4.965

Bett 1.0x2.1

ca. 3.625

ca. 3.995

18 ca. 50

Sessel

Abf.

Tisch Stuhl

Tisch

B: Parkett (b) Sessel(n) W: WP (b) gestrichen D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

Tisch

Büro 0.8x0.8 Stuhl

Fernseher mit schwenkbare Wandhalterung

1.16 Zimmer 5

1.14 Zimmer 6

BF: 17.1m2

BF: 27.1m2

RH: 3.39m/2.615 m

Sessel

Stuhl

Büro 0.8x0.8

SST

RH: 3.39m/2.615 m

Bett 1.0x2.1 B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

RH: 3.39m/2.615 m

Abf.

Büro 0.8x0.8 Fernseher mit schwenkbare Wandhalterung

Abf.

SST

1.12 Zimmer 7 BF: 17.6m2 RH: 3.39m/2.615 m

1.10 Zimmer 8 (Junior Suite)

B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

Fernseher mit schwenkbare Wandhalterung

BF: 21.0m2 RH: 3.39m/2.615 m

Stuhl

Tisch Abf.

Stuhl

Abf.

BG SST

B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

Sessel

Legende: Metallständerwand Dämmung Beton Kalksandstein

Abf. Stuhl

Sessel Büro 0.8x0.8

X: 609500.874 Y: 268860.639 Z: +/-0.0m: 268.13 m.ü.M.

Sessel Sessel

Stuhl

Tisch

B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

Sessel

Büro 0.8x0.8

Fernseher mit schwenkbare Wandhalterung

SST

Backstein

Tisch

Bestand

Stuhl

±0.00 = 268.13 m.ü.M BG

SST

645

ca. 3.885

B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

ca. 3.875

BF: 17.6m2

RH: 3.39m/2.615 m

ca. 3.875

1.18 Zimmer 4

BF: 21.7m2

ca. 3.885

1.20 Zimmer 3 (Junior Suite)

Alle Masse sind vom Unternehmer verantwortlich zu prüfen, bzw. am Bau Brüstungs- und Türhöhen sind auf OKFB bezogen Details sind zu berücksichtigen

ca. 3.37

Bett 1.2x2.1

Sessel

N.tisch

Minibar

6.62

B: Fliesen (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: Metalldecke (b)

N.tisch Nachttisch

ca. 3.58

Abf.

1.09 Bad B: Fliesen (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: Metalldecke (b)

Bett 1.2x2.1 Bett 1.0x2.1

BF: 4.2m2 RH: 2.615 m

BF: 2.9m2

BG SST

BF: 2.9m2

Minibar

1.13 Bad

6.62

N.tisch

Abf.

1.15 Bad RH: 2.615 m

N.tisch

ca 535 18

Minibar

ca. 4.005

Abf.

1.11 Bad

Abf. B: Fliesen (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: Metalldecke (b)

RH: 2.615 m

SST BG

BF: 2.9m2

109 - T30/BVD

110

Abf.

1.17 Bad

111 - T30/BVD

113 - T30/BVD

112

Abf. B: Fliesen (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: Metalldecke (b)

ca. 1.62

RH: 2.615 m

116

BF: 2.9m2

115 - T30/BVD

118

120

1.19 Bad Minibar

Kommode Bestand inkl. FLP

117 - T30/BVD

114

Bank L:2m 119 - T30/BVD

64 STAHLTRÄGER

STAHLTRÄGER

6.64

ca. 2.585 385

STAHLTRÄGER

SST BG

65 B: Fliesen (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: Metalldecke (b) Abf.

104 - T30/BVD

B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

RH: 3.39m

ca. 3.335

Abf.

BF: 3.3m2 RH: 2.615 m

SST

121 - EI30-cA

B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

RH: 3.39m

1.07 Bad B: Fliesen (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: Metalldecke (b)

RH: 2.615 m

2.70

1.01 Halle

BF: 24.0m2

BF: 2.6m2

16.05

1.21 Diele West

725 i.L. 9 2.24i.L. 905 10 2.33

1.05 Bad

SST

SST BG 2.70

ca. 4.195

ca. 77

Nachttisch Minibar

Wäschewagen neu

101 - EI30

75 195

126 - EI30

5 L.T. 90i.L. 5 9 ca. 725 i.L. 9 2.05i.L. 2.24i.L. 95 1.00i.L. ca. 655 ca. 905 2.33 2.24i.L.

124 - T30/BVD

122 - T30/BVD

N.tisch B.

ca. 1.48

B: Fliesen (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: MetalldeckeAbf. (b)

Bett 1.0x2.1

ca. 3.155

108 - EI30-cA

RH: 2.615 m

BF: 2.4m2 RH: 2.615 m B: Fliesen (n) W: WP gestr. (n) D: WP gestr. (n)

BF: 2.6m2

125

1.25 Bad B: Fliesen (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: Metalldecke (b) Abf.

1.29 Vorz.

Trittverhällnis: B:32cm / H:17cm

175 55

Minibar

ca. 695

RH: 2.615 m

1.975

1.27 Lift

65 123

925 2.24 80 2.175

BF: 3.3m2

N.tisch B.

1.23 Bad

Sessel

B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

107

Pflegebett B.

RH: 3.39m/2.615 m

925 2.24

ca. 1.515

BF: 2.71m2 RH: 2.615 m B: Fliesen R12 (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: PU Anstrich (n)

Tisch

BF: 23.4m2

80 2.175i.L.

Tisch

1.30 Ausguss

Sessel

1.06 Zimmer 9 (Junior Suite)

Abf.

B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

ca. 1.515

Fernseher mit schwenkbare Wandhalterung

SST

Stuhl

ca. 695

ca. 95 285

Fernseher mit schwenkbare Wandhalterung

Stuhl

105

1.60

103

1 54

BF: 15.9m2

Büro 0.8x0.8

1.04 Zimmer 10

ca. 1.795

99 2.33

102

74 2.24i.L.

Sessel

RH: 3.39m/2.615 m

ca. 845

SST

ca. 3.135

SST

Büro 0.8x0.8

Stuhl

ca. 3.84

Tisch 0.8x1.6

92 2.33 9 ca. 74i.L. 9 3 2.24i.L.

1.675

Tisch

Abf.

Massage Liege Bestand

375

6.64

ca. 78

B: Fliesen (n) W: WP gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

RH: 3.39m

15 20 75

BF: 8.22m2

B: Naturstein/Terrazzo (b) W: Lamperie/WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

RH: 3.39m

BF: 11.2m2 Tisch B: Parkett (n) Stuhl W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 3.39m/2.615 m D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

Nachttisch

16.05

1.28 Massage

BF: 18.5m2

1.26 Psychologe / Nachtwache

B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

ca. 3.85

Pflegebett B.

RH: 3.39m/2.615 m

1.02 Treppenhaus

ca. 1.035 10

BF: 15.9m2

Bett 1.0x2.1

ca. 4.195

Minibar

SST

Abf.

Sessel

1.24 Zimmer 1

Abf.

Stuhl

Wandhalterung Wandhalterung

Stuhl

B: Parkett (b) W: WP (b) gestrichen (n) D: WP (b) gestrichen (n)

RH: 3.39m/2.615 m

Fernseher Fernsehermit mit schwenkbare schwenkbare

Fernseher mit schwenkbare Wandhalterung

1.22 Zimmer 2 (Junior Suite) BF: 23.4m2

Büro 0.8x0.8

Stuhl

Tisch Sessel

SST

lB tuh B.S

Sessel

SST

ca. 3.22

Stu hl

SST

Regal abschl.

BG BG

Kanton Basel-Stadt 3.11

vertreten durch das Bau- und Verkehrsdepartement

Städtebau & Architektur - Hochb Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012

8.855

10.55

28.36

UPK [University Psychiatric Hospital] Basel, Switzerland: Extensive Renovations to Interior Layout and Exterior Facade. [A] First Floor Layout Plan [B] Interior Photograph of Visitor Lounge Room. 159

Bauliche Anpassungen Gebäud Gebäude J

Grundriss Obergeschoss

Planer : Rapp Arcoplan AG Hochstrasse 100, 4018 Basel Baader Architekten BSA SIA AG Güterstrasse 144, 4 Gebäudetyp

Strassencode

Haus Nr. / a-z

GV Trakt

Sparte

Planungsphase

28.26 8.855

8.855

10.55

2.34

2.34 1.17

1.17

16 Büro 0.8x0.8

Cyclo-Ergometer

Stuhl

Abf.

245

6.64 1.17

ca. 1.85

2.34 1.17 SST

35 17 35

ca.78

8 ca.1.465

SST

ca.78

1.17

ca. 3.83 Stuhl

2.34 1.17

ca. 1.85 75

Büro 0.8x0.8

565

Bett 1.2x2.1

Legende:

Metallständer

Dachlukarne 5

Dämmung

Abf.

ca. 1.85

Minibar

Sitz-Ergometer

Kalksandstein N.tisch

Tisch

1 75 16

Backstein Bestand

±0.00 = 268.13

SST 96

1.65

1.17

Alle Masse sind vom Unte Brüstungs- und Türhöhen Details sind zu berücksich

1.17

2.34

Kanton B

1.17

15.95

2.70

155 80 80

ca. 1.465 75 24 75 8

35 17 35

D08

ca. 4.835

D06

ca. 4.05

Sessel

1 16 75

Tisch

53 805 16 2.105 55 70i.L. 55 2.05i.L.

90i.L. 55 2.05i.L. 55

Stuhl

Rudergerät

805 33 2.105 55 70i.L. 55 2.05i.L.

90i.L. 55 2.05i.L.

52 155 52 16

45 1.005 5 15 45 2.105

D05 - EI30

ca. 1.315 D07 - EI30

1.005 2.105

45 45 15 5

BF: 23.5m2 B: Parkett (n) BF<1.8m: 5.3m2 W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: WP gestrichen (n)

955

565 16

16 175 SST

Tisch Sessel

2.09 Zimmer 15

BF: 20.3m2 B: Parkett (n) BF<1.8m: 1.8m2 W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: WP gestrichen (n)

1.555

rk.D sch u a b in E t e

Abf.

X: 609500.874 Y: 268860.639 Z: +/-0.0m: 268.13 m.ü.M.

Sessel

Sessel 1.12

Sitzergometer Bestand

Gummi Matte Bestand

1.60

Fernseher

Beton ca. 3.175

N.tisch

32 75 565

2.08 Bad BF: 3.9m2 B: Fliesen (n) BF<1.8m: 1.2m2 W: PU Anstrich (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: PU Anstrich (n)

2.10 Zimmer 14

Stuhl

Tisch 0.8x1.6

ca. 1.85 B.Stuhl B.

Abf.

Dachlukarne 4

Laufband - Tunturi Bestand

Gummi Matte Bestand

75 565

1.555

D04

Abf.

1.60

155

32 75 565

B: Fliesen (n) BF<1.8m: 1.2m2 W: PU Anstrich (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: PU Anstrich (n)

Minibar

1.60 Bad

6.615

275

Abf.BF: 3.9m2

Minibar

Dachf. 55x98

2.015

2.07

ca. 4.85

ca. 855

10 70

Bett 1.2x2.1

Cross-Trainer Bestand

1.12

655

ca. 4.185

55 70i.L. 55 1.95i.L. 26

Fernseher

Dachf. 55x98

BF: 4.1m2 B: Fliesen (n) BF<1.8m: 0m2 W: PU Anstrich (n) RH: 2.40m D: PU Anstrich (n)

Dachf. 55x98

N.tisch

90i.L. 55 2.05i.L.

Fernseher

2.11 Bad

BF: 49.3m2 B: Parkett (n) BF<1.8m: 5.6m2 W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: WP gestrichen (n)

Stuhl (4X)

63 1 75 16 23 ca. 1.35

805 2.105 295 5 2.285 24 ca. 3.43

Sessel

D09 - EI30

2.12 Fitness

6.505

2.315

tlp e rk.D sch u a b in E

155

Tisch

Dachlukarne 3

tlp e rk.D sch u a b in E

ca. 1.705

955

Sessel

BF: 23.5m2 B: Parkett (n) BF<1.8m: 5.2m2 W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: WP gestrichen (n)

565

Sessel

1.005 2.105

24 55

ca. 5.91

Dachlukarne 6

ca. 4.155

Garder.

Gummi Matte Bestand

Abf.

Rev. Off. Heizung 50 x 70 cm UK: 0.5m ab FB

Rev. Off. Elektro 40 x 40 cm in Decke

ca.

Bowlex - Kraftgerät Bestand

Sessel

Bank 1m x 0.4m

Büro 0.8x0.8

Fernseher

155

ca. 4.185

Dachf. 55x98

155

1.60i.L. 2.05i.L.

ca. 1.705

Rev. Off. Elektro 40 x 40 cm in Decke

ca. 4.05

ca.35 ca.35

D11 - EI30

1.005 2.105

Detail 51-1123

ca.35

ca. 3.83 2.06 Zimmer 16

N.tisch

Rev. Öff. 60 x 60cm

1.705 2.105

Tisch D:1m

Regal offen

Bett 1.2x2.1

ca. 4.785

ca. 3.84 Stuhl

95 Regal abschl.

Büro 0.8x0.8

6.62

BF: 20.3m2 B: Parkett (n) BF<1.8m: 1.8m2 W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: WP gestrichen (n)

1.005 2.105

10 16

D03 - EI30

Dachf. 55x98

ca.35

Sessel

2.13 Arztbüro

BF: 23.5m2 B: Parkett (n) BF<1.8m: 5.3m2 W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: WP gestrichen (n)

ca. 4.85

ca. 1.85 16

Detailschnitt 51-1112

565

2.14 Zimmer 13

Bett 1.2x2.1

ca. 3.935

2.05 Zimmer 17

90i.L. 2.05i.L.

55 70i.L. 55 1.95i.L.Dachf. 55x98

90i.L. 55 2.05i.L.

1.345

1.45 2.105

P L F ) 5 .6 :1 (H

D02 - EI30

FLP

Abf.

Dachlukarne 2

BF: 19.8m2 B: Parkett (n) BF<1.8m: 1.7m2 W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: WP gestrichen (n)

90i.L. 2.05i.L.

+8.24m

ca. 4.165

Tisch Sessel

495

+8.24m

Bank 1m x 0.4m

Stuhl

ca. 925

1.975 93 15

D12 - EI30

Kissen

Detail 51-1123

Dachf. 55x98

1.005 2.105

EI60

Rev. Öff. 2.01 Diele 60 x 60cm BF: 53.0m2 B: Parkett (n) BF<1.8m: 0m2 W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 3.77m D: WP gestrichen (n)

Detail 51-1123

ca. 1.70

Kissen

1.515 2.105

ca. 45

Rev. Öff. 60 x 60cm

Rev. Off. Elektro 40 x 40 cm in Decke

Büro 0.8x0.8

805 2.105

805 2.05

D01 - EI30

D19

ca.35 ca.35

Rev. Off. Heizung 50 x 70 cm UK: 0.5m ab FB

Dachlukarne 7

ca. 655

1.00 2.05i.L.

N.tisch

Abf. Sessel

Stuhl

BF: 5.9m2 B: Fliesen (n) BF<1.8m: 0m2 W: PU Anstrich (n) RH: 2.64m-3.79m D: PU Anstrich (n)

9 34 2.05i.L.

Tisch

ca. 1.85

Bett 1.2x2.1

2.04 Haustechnik

Abf.

BF: 2.5m2 BF<1.8m: 0m2 RH: 2.40m B: Fliesen (n) W: PU Anstrich (n) D: PU Anstrich (n)

Minibar

1.12

2.645

155 5

Fernseher

Steuerschrank Lift B:33cm T:25cm H:221cm

ca. 295 35

ca.15

22 155

55 70i.L. 55 2.05i.L. 15 5 805 2.105

D18

90i.L. 55 2.05i.L. 5 1.005 45 15 45 2.105

D15 - EI30

Rev. Off. Elektro 40 x 40 cm in Decke

55 ca. 1.315 D13 - EI30

155

2.025

2.21 WC

5 L.T.90i.L. 2.05i.L. 295 95 1.00 2.05i.L.

45 15 45

10 30

1.005

ca. 1.70

tlp e rk.D sch u a b in E

Dachf. 55x98

ca. 33

52 155 52

155

tlp e rk.D sch u a b in E

70i.L. 55 2.05i.L. 805 16 2.105

Minibar

Abf. D14

155 80 80 96

Detail Ansicht Lukarne: 51-1112

Detail Grundriss Lukarne: 51-1110

1.17 1.17

2.34

Detailschnitt 51-1111

Sessel

Minibar

1.60

2.325

90i.L. 2.05i.L.

Abf.

Trittverhällnis: B:32cm / H:17cm

ca. 1.105

Basic-Kraftgäret Bestand

ca.78

B: Fliesen (n) BF<1.8m: 1.2m2 W: PU Anstrich (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: PU Anstrich (n)

SST

565 75 32

35 1735

Detailschnitt 51-1114

Dachf. 55x98

2.20 Lift

D17 - EI30

90i.L. 55 2.05i.L. 1.005 2.105

Abf.

ca. 1.465 75 24 75

2.70

15.955

BF: 3.9m2

55 70i.L. 55 2.05i.L. 805 ca. 33 2.105

16 8

10 D16

35 17 35 ca. 78

BF: 3.9m2 B: Fliesen (n) BF<1.8m: 1.2m2 W: PU Anstrich (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: PU Anstrich (n)

2.15 Bad

1.60

Stuhl

Trittverhällnis: B:29cm / H:17cm

ca. 3.055

SST

1.60 2.16 Bad

Fernseher

ca. 1.465

1.17

565 75 32

751

40 15

BF: 19.4m2 B: Parkett (n) BF<1.8m: 1.6m2 W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: WP gestrichen (n)

N.tisch

Dachlukarne 8 16

2.18 Zimmer 11

BF: 23.5m2 B: Parkett (n) BF<1.8m: 5.2m2 W: WP gestrichen (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: WP gestrichen (n)

Büro 0.8x0.8

75 ca. 28 Abf.

48 5

2.17 Zimmer 12

Sessel

ca. 3.55

5 45 15 45

ca. 1.85

1.17 2.34

Tisch

Bett 1.2x2.1

165 95

ca. 3.84 Sessel

BF: 8.0m2 B: Fliesen (n) BF<1.8m: 2.2m2 W: PU Anstrich (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: PU Anstrich (n)

Fernseher

955

Dachf. 55x98

Stuhl

ca. 4.185

ca. 4.835

6.64

Büro 0.8x0.8

Dachlukarne 1

2.03 Bad

BF: 8.1m2 B: Fliesen (n) BF<1.8m: 2.3m2 W: PU Anstrich (n) RH: 1.35m-2.40m D: PU Anstrich (n)

ca. 2.785

1.12

Abf.

SST

Sessel

sch u a b in E t e rk.D

2.19 Bad

Dachf. 55x98

Bett 1.2x2.1

1.80

B: Naturstein (b) W: WP gestrichen (n) D: WP gestrichen (n)

D10

in E t e r.D sch u a b

Minibar

ca. 1.85

Sessel

BF: 18.5m2 BF<1.8m: 0m2 RH: min. 2.40m

55 15 155

Tisch

Abf.

N.tisch

2.02 Treppe

16 565 75 ca. 1.565

Sessel

1.555

75 565

SST

1 75 16

1.17

1.17 2.34

vertreten durch das

Städtebau

Detailschnitt

Wilhelm K

8.86

10.55

Bauliche A Gebäude

8.86

28.26

Grundris

Planer : Rapp Ar Baader A

UPK [University Psychiatric Hospital] Basel, Switzerland: Extensive Renovations to Interior Layout and Exterior Facade. [C] Top Floor Layout Plan [D] Interior Photograph of Private Patient Room. 160

Gebäudetyp

Strassencode

H a