Interwoven Story: Fashion Around the World

InterwovenStory: Fashion Around the World

Travel Itinerary

France ———————————————1

China ———————————————-10

India ———————————————-18

Indonesia —————————————25

Greece —————————-—————34

Korea ———————————————46

The Philippines ——————————51

Mongolia —————————————58

Ending Note ——————-—————-69

Authors ——————————————70

References ——————-—————-71

Introduction

WHO WE ARE

We are student volunteers from various high schools in the San Francisco Bay Area, with members hailing from various backgrounds. As a vibrant and welcoming community that embraces diversity and multicultural appreciation, our vision is made possible with a multitude of talents in art, writing, media design, video creation, science, engineering, and more.

OUR PURPOSE

Throughout this book, we share stories behind the fashion artistry that makes up each region of the world's vibrant and diverse culture.

We recognize that the modern world is plagued with conflicts and biases caused by misunderstanding, ignorance, and non-acceptance of cultural differences, and we are determined to help.

We aim to raise awareness of cross-cultural understanding, breaking down barriers between groups and debunking false stereotypes. Through this book and the world's love of fashion, we hope to unite people from different groups and cultures by demonstrating our shared values.

THE CREATION OF THIS BOOK

Members of our club created the content, design, and artwork from each country or ethnic group. Each person had creative freedom in both content writing and crafting artwork — elements that express each country or ethnic group's culture, and their original, individual styles have been preserved for this reason.

COMMON BELIEF OF FRENCH FASHION

French fashion is renowned for its distinctive style characterized by conformity and class. In the fashion capital of Paris, iconic brands like Louis Vuitton, Christian Dior, Hermes, and Chanel have made their mark. Reflecting the national motto of liberty, equality, and fraternity, the French value equality not only on a societal level but also in their fashion choices. French families embrace a sense of unity, emphasizing sophisticated attire and a shared sense of style. Taking a stroll through the streets, one will observe women donning trench coats, formal suits, denim jeans, beige slacks, and stylish scarves. Men, on the other hand, can effortlessly exude elegance with a well-tailored suit or a timeless leather jacket. For those seeking a touch of sophistication, layering with a long coat, sunglasses, or caps adds a refined touch. Geometric shapes, clean lines, and sharp angles are prevalent, contributing to a sense of modernity and cleanliness in French fashion. Contrasting with the emphasis on individuality and vibrant colors often seen in American fashion, French fashion leans towards earthy tones and timeless pieces, embodying their belief in equality.

Historyfunfacts

The principle of equality is of utmost importance among France's national mottos due to its historical significance. Prior to the French Revolution, the lower-class endured inequities, bearing the weight of elevated taxes and limited representation in governance. The revolution ushered in a democratic system that values equal rights and amplifies the voices of all citizens, crystallizing the contemporary emphasis on equality.

MODEL WITH A DRESS SETAND BLACK BAG

FASHION HIGHLIGHT

Long skirts are a timeless fashion choice, often paired with matching sets or long plaid dresses, capturing the classic Parisian style. To complete the look, accessorize with a small black or tan clutch, and you'll effortlessly blend in with the local Parisians.

A special day for the French

Bastille Day, associated with the French Revolution, marks the storming of the Bastille fortress, symbolizing the revolution's start. In reverence to this moment, French people celebrate by wearing navy, white, and red flag-inspired clothing, representing their fight for equality. Women don blue and white striped dresses with red skirts, while men don sleek navy suits or casual attire. The essence of the celebration lies in honoring liberty and the heralding of transformative change, transcending mere fashion.

Bastille Day on July22, 1918

Celebrated on July 14, Bastille Day commemorates France's liberation from elitist suppression. Beyond its inherent elegance, French fashion embodies deeprooted historical reverence, paying tribute to milestones such as this.

It’s a lifestyle

France is known for its leisurely cafe culture and artisanal approach to life, and this is reflected in its fashion choices. Layering is a common practice, with beige sweaters, blazers, and long coats being popular choices. French fashion leans towards the elegant side, contrasting with the casual style often found in America. While Americans may opt for a white tee and denim shorts, the French prefer berets, dress pants, and polished black slacks. This fashion sensibility aligns with the country's relaxed yet sophisticated lifestyle.

France's slower pace of life is influenced by its government style and core values. The country provides paid maternity leave and offers well-balanced meals to schoolchildren, promoting a mindset of savoring life's moments from an early age. Expectant mothers can enjoy maternity leave ranging from 16 to 34 weeks, reflecting a commitment to allowing time for mothers to cherish the early years with their children. This mindset aligns with the broader European approach of prioritizing healthy, low-stress living for their citizens.

A little tour of…

Here are some famous places to visit!

Making a comeback…

Before the boom…

culottes onthe runway traditionalculottes

Go Vintage

modern culottes

Culottes are experiencing a resurgence in popularity, and they offer a unique fashion statement. They can be described as "faux dresses" with a slit down the middle for the legs. Made from lightweight materials like crepe, wool, or linen, they have a flowy and high-waisted design ending at the mid-calf. Black culottes paired with a tucked tee and a trench coat create a chic look, accentuating the figure and creating a taller appearance. Ideal for spring, they provide breathability while still offering warmth. Culottes have made their way to America, with major brands now offering similar styles.

Culottes have a fascinating history in France. Introduced by designer Paul Poiret in the 1910s, they faced initial resistance as women embracing a more masculine style were considered taboo. It wasn't until Elsa Schiaparelli (famous fashion designer) wore culottes in 1931 that they gained attention, and Norman Norell's collection in the 1960s solidified their impact. Culottes experienced a surge in popularity during the '70s and '80s, embodying a more masculine aesthetic. After a period of decline, they made a comeback in 2019 through Hedi Slimane's collection, becoming a modern staple. From their controversial beginnings to their global presence, culottes have left an enduring mark on fashion.

Culottes as they crossed borders to America

FRANCE through pictures

C H I N A

HISTORY

China,anancientandinfluentialnation,has significantlyshapedourworldtoday.From inventingpapertoconstructingtheGreatWall, ithasmadeinvaluablecontributionstosociety. Thoughtheexactoriginremainsahistorical mystery,documentsdatingbackto1250BC duringtheShangDynastyprovideinsights.In 221BC,EmperorQinShiHuangunitedChina, establishingitsfirstofficialempire.Underhis guidance,theQinDynastyimplemented standardizedcurrency,alphabet,andmeasuring systems,fosteringunityandcohesion throughoutthecountry.

DuringtheHanDynasty,asignificantmilestone emergedinhistory—theestablishmentoftheSilkRoad. ThisancienttraderoutefosteredEast-West connections,facilitatinginternationalcommerce.Fast forwardnearlyamillennium,andChinaexperienced whatisoftenhailedasits"GoldenAge"duringthe SongDynasty.Thiserawitnessedremarkable inventionslikewoodblockprintingandpapermoney, leavingalastingimpactontheworld.Fromthis illustriousperiodtothepresentday,China'shistorical journeyhasbeenpunctuatedbysignificanteventssuch astheOpiumWars,theTaipingRebellion,the ShanghaiMassacre,theCivilWar,theSino-Japanese Wars,andmore.Likeanynation,China'snarrativeis wovenwithtalesoftriumphsandsetbacks,anchoring itsidentityinaprofoundanddynamicpast.

LunarNewYear,alsoknownasChineseNewYear,takes centerstageasthemostexuberantlyobservedholidayin China.Duringthisfestiveoccasion,vibrantredhues dominateaspeopleadornthemselvesintraditional garmentslikecheongsamsorZhongshansuits.Redholds specialsignificanceinChineseculture;itisbelievedto wardoffmalevolentspiritsandbringgoodfortune. Furthermore,donningnewattiresymbolizestheembrace offreshbeginnings,addinganauspicioustouchtothe celebrations.

ThetraditionofwearingredduringtheChineseNew Yearstemsfromanancientlegend.Afearsome creaturenamed"Nian"wouldterrorizeaseaside villageeveryNewYear'sDay.Oneyear,abeggar, whowasactuallyadeityindisguise,usedredclothand firecrackerstodriveawayNian.Incommemorationof thisevent,peoplenowdressinredtowardoffevil spiritsduringthefestivecelebration.

A FUN LIFESTYLE

Chinahasavibrantcultureofentertainment, wherepeopleembracevariousformsofartistic expression.Whetherit'sattendinga mesmerizingBeijingOperaorathrillingidol concert,theChineseappreciatetheallureof entertainment.Thisloveforspectacleis reflectedinthecountry'sstreetfashionscene, whereindividualsshowcasetheiruniquestyle throughflamboyantandeye-catchingoutfits. FromtraditionalChinesegarmentstoavantgardetechwear,thetrendingstreetfashionin Chinaisacaptivatingblendofextravagance andboldness.It'satestamenttothenation's creativespiritandloveforself-expression.

THE HANFU

TheHanfu,atraditionalChineseclothingstyleworn throughoutdifferentdynasties,hasexperiencedaresurgencein modernfashion.Inspiredbyperioddramasandhistorical settings,theHanfufeaturesrobe-likegarments,flowingskirts, andintricateembroidery,capturingtheeleganceandbeautyof ancientChineseattire.Itisclassifiedintothreecategories: "ancientHanfu,whichrepresentsthetraditionalHanfuwornin ancientChinesedynasties;"contemporaryHanfu,whichretains theessenceoftheancientstylewhileincorporatingmodern elements;and"Hanyuansu,"whichreferstoeverydayclothing thatincorporatessomeHanfuelementsintocontemporary designs.TherevivalofHanfureflectsculturalprideand appreciationforChina'srichheritage,blendinghistorical traditionswithmodernexpressionsofstyle.Byembracingthe Hanfu,individualsnotonlyhonorthepastbutalsocelebrate theenduringbeautyandsignificanceofChinesefashion.

ThroughoutChina'srichhistory,theHanfuhasplayeda significantrole,adaptingandevolvingtoreflectthe country'sbeliefs,traditions,andsocietalchanges. OriginatingintheShangDynastyandcontinuingthrough variousdynasties,theHanfuhasundergonemodifications toalignwithprevailingbeautystandardsandcultural norms.Notably,duringtheSuiandTangdynasties,a color-codedsystemwasestablishedtodistinguishclothing amongdifferentsocialclasses,withochreyellowreserved exclusivelyfortheemperor.TheinfluenceofHanfu extendsbeyondChina'sborders,inspiringthetraditional garmentsofothernations.TheKoreanhanbok,Japanese kimono,andVietnameseáogiaolīnhbeartheimprintof theChineseHanfu.Asasymbolofhistory,ideals,and traditions,theHanfuservesasaprofoundrepresentationof anentirecountry'sculturallegacy.

GUO PEI: GUO PEI:

China's 21st Century Designer

Himalaya: Spring/Summer 2020 Collection

GuoPeiisaChinese fashiondesignerand knownasChina'smost renownedcouturier.For overtwodecades,Guo Peihascreatedpiecesthat seamlesslyblendAncient Chinesestyleswith21stcenturyfashion.

CHINA

At a glance

Introduction

INDIA'S DIVERSE FASHION SCENE SHOWCASES STUNNING TRADITIONAL ATTIRE WITH A RICH SARTORIAL HERITAGE DATING BACK CENTURIES. FROM INTRICATELY WOVEN SAREES TO VIBRANT LEHENGAS, INDIAN CLOTHING REFLECTS CULTURAL TAPESTRY AND ARTISTIC TRADITIONS, EMBODYING A HARMONIOUS BLEND OF DIVERSITY AND TIMELESS ELEGANCE.

POST-INDEPENDENCE, THE INDIAN DESIGN INDUSTRY PLAYED A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN GLOBALIZATION, INFLUENCING SHIFTS IN PERSONAL STYLE AND FASHION CHOICES. THIS DIVERSE INDUSTRY ENCOMPASSES A WIDE RANGE OF OFFERINGS, FROM EXQUISITE BRIDAL GOWNS TO EVERYDAY WEAR, CATERING TO DIFFERENT PREFERENCES AND BUDGETS.

Clothing Traditions

THE VALUE OF COMMITMENT IS DEEPLY CHERISHED IN INDIA, OFTEN SYMBOLIZED BY THE COLOR RED IN CLOTHING AND JEWELRY. DURING INDIAN WEDDINGS, THE BRIDE TRADITIONALLY ADORNS HERSELF IN RED ATTIRE AND ACCESSORIES, SIGNIFYING HER DEDICATION TO HER HUSBAND AND THE STRENGTH TO EMBRACE THEIR FUTURE TOGETHER. THE GROOM ALSO COMPLEMENTS

THE BRIDE BY WEARING A RED KURTA, EMPHASIZING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMITMENT IN THEIR UNION.

RED IN INDIAN CULTURE IS DEEPLY ASSOCIATED WITH DURGA, THE WARRIOR GODDESS SYMBOLIZING STRENGTH AND COMMITMENT. ASTROLOGICALLY, MARS, THE PLANET GOVERNING MARRIAGE, IS BELIEVED TO BE LINKED TO THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE THREE GUNAS. THE GUNA OF RAJAS, ASSOCIATED WITH RED, REPRESENTS PASSION, A CRUCIAL ELEMENT OF COMMITMENT.

DURING DIWALI, INDIANS EMPHASIZE THE TRIUMPH OF GOOD OVER EVIL. THE CELEBRATION INVOLVES LIGHTING SPARKLERS AT NIGHT, SYMBOLIZING THE VICTORY OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS. VIBRANT COLORS LIKE YELLOW, RED, ORANGE, AND BRIGHT PURPLE ARE COMMONLY WORN TO REPRESENT THE RADIANCE OF LIGHT. IT IS BELIEVED THAT WEARING NEW CLOTHES DURING DIWALI ATTRACTS THE BLESSINGS OF DEITIES AND EMBODIES THE PRINCIPLES THEY UPHOLD.

IN NORTH INDIA, DIWALI CELEBRATES KING RAM'S RETURN AFTER DEFEATING THE EVIL KING RAVANA AND RESCUING HIS WIFE SITA. IN SOUTH INDIA, IT COMMEMORATES LORD KRISHNA'S VICTORY OVER THE DEMON NARAKASURA, FREEING THE PEOPLE. THESE REGIONAL VARIATIONS SHOWCASE THE DIVERSE LEGENDS ASSOCIATED WITH DIWALI.

A Warm Welcome

INDIA'S CULTURE PLACES GREAT IMPORTANCE ON HOSPITALITY AND INCLUSIVITY, WHICH IS EVIDENT IN THE TRADITION OF INVITING PEOPLE TO ONE'S HOME AFTER MEETING THEM AT SOCIAL GATHERINGS, FESTIVALS, OR RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES. THIS PRACTICE HAS INFLUENCED INDIANS TO DRESS SLIGHTLY MORE FORMALLY OR FANCILY ON A DAILY BASIS, AS THEY MAY BE INVITED TO SOMEONE ELSE'S HOUSE AT ANY TIME. THE EXPERIENCE OF COLONIALISM UNDER BRITISH RULE ALSO PLAYED A ROLE IN FOSTERING A SENSE OF CONNECTION AND COMMUNITY AMONG INDIANS, LEADING TO THE FORMATION OF LARGE FRIEND GROUPS BASED ON SHARED HISTORIES AND EXPERIENCES.

INDIA'S WELCOMING NATURE EXTENDS TO FOREIGNERS AS WELL, WITH TRADITIONS SUCH AS SHOWERING GUESTS WITH FLOWERS AND PROVIDING WARM GREETINGS ACCOMPANIED BY MUSIC AND DANCE.

ACROSS DIVERSE REGIONS, GUESTS ARE CELEBRATED WITH GRACIOUS GESTURES, INCLUDING INTRICATE FLORAL CARPETS, SHOWCASING THE NATION'S DEEP-ROOTED HOSPITALITY.

SAREES HOLD A SPECIAL PLACE IN INDIAN CULTURE, SYMBOLIZING GRACE AND BEAUTY. THEY ARE KNOWN TO ENHANCE THE APPEARANCE OF EVERY INDIVIDUAL, REGARDLESS OF THEIR PERSONAL IDEA OF BEAUTY. WITH THEIR VERSATILE DESIGNS AND WAYS OF WEARING THEM, SAREES ALLOW GIRLS TO EXPRESS THEIR INDIVIDUAL STYLE WHILE STILL LOOKING STUNNING. THE TRADITION OF WEARING SAREES DATES BACK TO THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION, WHERE INDIAN GIRLS EMBRACED THE SIMPLICITY OF COTTON FABRIC WRAPPED AROUND THEMSELVES. TODAY, SAREES CONTINUE TO BE A COMMON AND CASUAL FORM OF CLOTHING, EMBODYING THE TIMELESS ELEGANCE OF INDIAN FASHION. INDIAN MEN HAVE DRESSED IN TRADITIONAL ATTIRE FOR MILLENNIA, WITH A HISTORY DATING BACK TO THE STONE AGE. WEARING A DHOTI AROUND THE WAIST, COUPLED WITH HAIRSTYLES LIKE MAN BUNS AND TRIMMED BEARDS, HAS BEEN A TIMELESS FASHION CHOICE. TURBANS HAVE ALSO ADORNED THEIR HEADS, SHOWCASING THE ENDURING APPEAL OF INDIAN MEN'S STYLE.

Indonesia Indonesia

The Emerald of The Equator

A DIVERSE Country

Indonesians are known for their friendly and easygoing nature, making interactions with them a delightful experience. With its rich ethnic and religious diversity, Indonesia boasts a tapestry of traditions that vary across different regions. The country's history is steeped in ancient settlements, with states emerging long before the common era. This dynamic past, coupled with a vibrant mix of cultural traditions and beliefs, makes Indonesia an incredibly fascinating and diverse nation. Steered by its core principles—democracy, humanism, social justice, faith in one God, and unity—Indonesia embraces religious freedom while upholding the unity of the country.

Indonesia is a treasure trove of fashion diversity, reflecting the rich tapestry of its culture. The country's dress code is a mixing pot from the histories of numerous cultural groups, each with its own distinct traditions. From the rarest homespun fabrics to intricately crafted patterns, Indonesian fashion is a sight to behold. The country boasts an abundance of fabrics, vibrant colors, and unique patterns that make every garment a work of art. These patterns, passed down through generations, showcase the country's exceptional craftsmanship. In Indonesia, people embrace colorful and vibrant attire, using it as a means to express their individuality and celebrate their unique style.

Faithfully Diverse

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Hari Reya Nyepi Hari Reya Nyepi

Nyepi is the Balinese New Year, celebrated for six days in Bali and observed as a public holiday throughouput Indonesia. Its pinnacle is the Day of Silence, a time of self-reflection and deep spiritual observance.

Nyepi is ushered in with the vibrant Ogohogoh parades on the preceding night. These parades feature grand statues made of bamboo and paper, depicting monsters from Hindu mythology. Each village holds its own parade, aiming to exorcize malevolent spirits, with symbolic sacrifices carried out at crossroads. Before each ceremony, a spiritual purification ritual takes place. As New Year's Eve unfolds, villages are meticulously tidied, and residents don vibrant traditional attire, creating a cacophony to scare away lingering evil spirits.

The Melasti ceremony, a sacred purification ritual, unfolds on the beach as whole villages embark on a pilgrimage, clad in traditional white adat garments. During this ceremonial period, traffic and beach visits are restricted. Most establishments, including restaurants, grocery stores, and shops are closed, with only hospitals remaining functional.

Cont. Cont.

On the day that follows, Ngembak Geni, social activities spring back into life as families and friends gather to seek forgiveness from one another, letting go of the past and embracing a fresh start. One notable ritual is the Kissing Ceremony, where unmarried individuals are paired up and participate in a kissing tradition. And all around, in different nooks and corners, you can find a variety of other captivating and enjoyable ceremonies taking place.

Nyepi, primarily a Hindu holiday, is observed by non-Hindu residents and travelers in Bali as well, showcasing their respect for fellow citizens. This inclusive celebration highlights the value placed on cultural diversity. The Day of Silence serves as a deterrent to evil spirits, as the deserted island appears uninhabited, compelling these spirits to depart. Throughout this period, locals stay indoors, refraining from cooking or engaging in other activities. Streets lie empty, and tourists are kindly reminded to remain within their hotel complexes.

Happiness Through Spirituality

In Indonesia, there's a clear distinction between religion and the state, ensuring residents have the freedom to practice their faith. When engaging with Indonesians, it's important to be aware of certain cultural nuances. For instance, the head considered sacred in Indonesian culture, so touching it is viewed as highly offensive and deeply disrespectful.

Melati Puti- a sacred flower in Indonesian tradition

White attire is commonly linked with notions of cleanliness, luminosity, and purity in both mind and body. It is believed to have the power to purify one's aura and make it stronger. In a similar vein, yellow attire is revered for its divine connotation, often believed to foster a link with the divine.

Donning white is also considered a protective measure against adverse energies. These cultural nuances underscore the deep symbolism and spiritual significance attributed to particular clothing hues in specific contexts.

Traditional Clothing Traditional Clothing

Kebaya, commonly crafted from delicate lace, is a popular choice for traditional attire. Particularly for religious ceremonies, the pristine white kebaya is chosen, accentuated with intricate batik designs. Complementing this attire, flowers like frangipani are gracefully tucked into the hair.

In traditional Indonesian attire, one typically finds a white shirt paired with fabric adorned in batik — a technique of wax-resist dyeing applied to the whole cloth, like an artist's painting with intricate designs. This ensemble is cinched with a belt and crowned with a traditional headdress known as an 'udeng'.

Indonesian regional attire, often referred to as 'baju adat' or 'baju daerah', vividly reflects the myriad of ethnic groups across the archipelago. Distinctive hat styles, like the Balinese 'udeng' and the Javanese 'blangkon', each come with their own unique motifs and folding methods. Truly, it's a vibrant tapestry of cultural richness!

Modernity Reflected in Modernity Reflected in Tradition Tradition

Indonesia's traditional clothing has found its way into modern fashion, promoting Indonesian culture on the international stage. Renowned designers like Oscar Lawalata, Priyo Oktaviano, and Denny Wirawan showcased their talent at the "Wonderful Indonesia" fashion show organized by the Indonesian Embassy in France. Notable designers Tex Saverio and Biyan Wanaatmadja have also captivated the world of high fashion with their contemporary yet traditional creations. It's a harmonious blend of the past and the present!

In a momentous recognition, UNESCO designated batik as an intangible cultural heritage of Indonesia on October 2, 2009. Since then, this date has been celebrated annually as National Batik Day, with people from government agencies, private institutions, and the general public proudly donning batik clothing. Despite using only a limited range of colors, batik artisans create astonishingly creative and distinctive designs, making each piece a testament to the richness of Indonesian culture.

Heaven Lights New York Fashion Week SS23

Greece

BEAUTY, GLORY, AND ART

Ancient Greek culture is vividly captured in its art and architecture. Greek architectural designs, though seemingly simple, exude a minimalistic harmony coupled with a deliberate formalistic touch. Many of the Greek values, such as the value of glory, are depicted in their artwork.

The depiction of clothing in ancient Greek art primarily represents the attire of the upper class, as they were the ones depicted in artwork. All common items of clothing were uncut and unsewn pieces of fabric, draped in various styles to achieve distinct, aesthetic effects. The garments are often shaped into squares, cylinders, and rectangles. Like their famous architecture, their clothing was an of their artistic simplicity

Common Clothing Items

Ionic

Chlamys – an outer garment used as a short cape or cloak, worn primarily by men

Peplos - a garment worn mainly by women over a chiton or instead of one

Epiblema – a shawl worn over a chiton or peplos

by both men and women

Himation – a larger outer garment worn as a long cape or cloak by both sexes

Just one of the many different pieces of ancient Greek clothing, the chiton exemplifies the ingenious use of single fabric pieces in garment-making. Given the high cost of fabric in ancient Greece, chitons were crafted from a singular piece of either wool or linen, fastened securely by a belt. This attire came in two distinct styles: Doric and Ionic.

Doric chitons, constructed from a wide expanse of woolen fabric, were folded vertically and held together with pins, buttons, or alternative fasteners. While women often wore longer variations, the men's version typically ended at the knees.

world4.eu

WORLD4.EU

The sleeved versions of Doric chitons were a distinctive attire for priests and actors. In contrast, Ionic chitons were fashioned from a wide piece of linen and then pinned to create sleeves. Linen was much more flexible and pleasant to wear than wool, so it was predominantly chosen over wool for crafting Ionic chitons..

Himations

Himations, donned by both men and women, were generally worn over chitons. Crafted from a material heavier than that of a chiton, the himation usually served as a cloak.

When worn without a chiton, it was referred to as an achiton. Typically, a himation was a single, expansive rectangular piece of fabric.

https://kimmygutierrezart2130.wordpress.com/2016/09/15/greek-himation-dress/

A little history lesson…

Amalia of Oldenburg, a Bavarian princess, became the Queen of Greece in 1837 as the consort of King Otto. Upon her arrival in Greece, she swiftly left an indelible mark on both social customs and fashion trends.

Keen to blend her style with the traditional attire of her new people, Amalia created a romantic, folksy court dress. It featured a white cotton or silk shirt, often decorated with lace, topped with a lavishly embroidered jacket or vest in shades like dark blue or wine. The look was rounded off with a pleated silk skirt that gracefully touched the ankles. This dress became emblematic of Greek national costume, and is still revered as the "Amalia dress" to this day.

Amalia Continued…

Since then, Greek attire has largely aligned with European fashion trends. Today, while many Greeks opt for contemporary "global" fashion, traditional costumes make a comeback during holidays or festive celebrations. Notably, the Amalia dress continues to enjoy widespread popularity today!

Unveiling the Layers: Korean Fashion Beyond K-Pop

When Korean fashion is mentioned, what comes to mind? Many envision the modern, minimalist, and stunning outfits that have graced countless music video screens. This distinctive style, characterized by its modern flair, has charmed the world over, with fans in Korea and beyond often mirroring the iconic looks of their favorite stars. As of 2023, Korean fashion has gained immense popularity, propelled by the rise of K-Pop sensations and theunwaveringdedicationoftheirfanbase.

However,Koreanfashionholdsdeeper significancebeyonditsminimalistappeal.Its historyandabilitytoadoptandincorporate otherfashioninfluencesarenoteworthy.Each garmentcarriesastory,reflectingthe evolutionofKoreanfashionthroughouttime.

So,whileKoreanfashionisrenownedfor itsbeauty,itrepresentsmuchmore—an intricatetapestryofculturalheritage, creativity,andadaptability.It continuestocaptivatetheworld, weavingtogetherconformityand diversityintoafascinatingstyle mosaic.

The Captivating Allure of Minimalism

One of the more well-known aspects of modern Korean outfits is that most of them are minimalistic clothes with simple patterns. Yet, somehow, they radiate a kind of luxurious modernity. Although they have what seems to be a lethargic design, this does not diminish their elegance.

Minimalistic clothes are for when you want to look astounding in public but don’t want to stand out. There isn’t much history behind minimalistic Korean clothes, but it is very likely that their popularity increased along with the rise of KPop. However, with its sudden rise in popularity over the years, minimalistic clothing became the fashion trend of 2022 in Korea. Aside from the rise of minimalistic clothes, minimalistic clothes in Korea also define a big part of Korean culture: conformity and simplicity.

Denim: A Success Story

The denim jacket, also known as the jean jacket, is a must-have in every wardrobe. Tracing its roots back to Germany, this iconic piece of clothing has become a blazing trend in Korea since 2022. This versatile garment is not only fashionable but also easy to wear.

Originally created in 1880 for cowboys and laborers by a GermanAmerican businessman, denim jackets quickly gained popularity. As jeans became a fashion icon, denim jackets followed suit, spreading from a national trend to an international sensation.

Koreans have embraced the denim jacket, showcasing their diverse fashion sense. Whether layered over other outfits to create a fabulous look or effortlessly thrown on, this stylish piece adds flair to any ensemble. It's a testament to the coolness of Korean fashion and its ability to adopt global trends.

Denim Fever: NewJeans Takes K-pop by Storm

viral sensation "OMG," have set social media platforms ablaze, with TikTokers worldwide joining the beat-driven dance frenzy. The lineup of their repertoire includes chart-toppers such as "Ditto," "Hype Boy," and "Hurt." The industry has taken notice of their immense talent, showering them with multiple awards at prestigious shows like Inkigayo and Music Bank.

Not only is this group a musical sensation, but also a fashion sensation. Embracing the core concept of jeans, they have seamlessly woven this iconic fabric into the very essence of their artistic vision. Just like denim, a timeless symbol of style that has endured throughout the 20th century and beyond, Newjeans aspires to etch their name in the annals of K-pop history, crafting a legacy as enduring as the beloved denim itself.

The Hanbok

Traveling to the past, we notice that many wore a "Hanbok”, also known as "joseonot." Over its 1,600-year history, hanbok has witnessed subtle changes in materials, color preferences, and the length of skirts and jackets. However, the timeless essence of hanbok's design has remained remarkably intact. Hanbok can be categorized into ceremonial and everyday wear, with further distinctions based on gender, age, and season.

Its exquisite beauty lies in the harmonious blend of straight and gracefully curved lines.

Women's hanbok, in particular, have gained global acclaim for their elegant fusion of simplicity and charm, characterized by their cropped jackets and flowing skirts. The asymmetrical silhouette, where the jacket is worn one arm at a time, creates a visually striking contrast between a slender upper body and a full, balanced lower body. The artful cut and drape of hanbok flatter not only the Korean female physique but also complement various body types with timeless grace.

The Philippines

A Brief Overview of Philippino Fashion

As its travel slogan suggests, "It’s more fun in the Philippines!" But why is that? Other than the people and their notable hospitality, this travel slogan reflects the country’s great diversity. Here, there’s something for everyone, including food, travel locations, and fashion. Yes, fashion!

Throughout its history, Philippine fashion has showcased remarkable diversity. Even in precolonial times, the country's numerous islands (7,640 to be exact!) and over 110 distinct ethnic and indigenous groups contributed to a vibrant tapestry of fashion traditions.

The Arabian Jasmine, national flower of the Philippines

In this discussion, we will focus on three indigenous groups: the Ifugao, T'boli, and Hanunuo. Each group possesses its unique practices, beliefs, and traditional garments, providing a glimpse into the rich fashion heritage of the Philippines.

The Ifugaos

The Ifugaos, an Igorot tribe from the northern part of the Philippines, have a distinct traditional attire. Their clothing predominantly consists of red tribal textiles adorned with intricate black, white, and yellow patterns, all handwoven by the community. Women elegantly drape these textiles as wrap-around skirts, while men skillfully tie them in a manner that covers the lower half of their bodies both front and back. Additionally, some men fashion the textiles into sashes across their chests, while women pair them with blouses, primarily in pristine white. The tribe’s elite further embellis attire with elaborate headdresses, often adorned with feathers

The T'Bolis

The T'bolis, one of the Lumad tribes in the southern Philippines, wear garments crafted from their own handwoven textile known as "T'nalak." This fabric is meticulously created using fibers from the abaca tree, resulting in a predominantly black base adorned with colorful beads and patterns. What makes their designs unique is that they are inspired by dreams, which they interpret and weave from memory. This ethereal process has bestowed upon them the esteemed title of "dream-weavers," reflecting their rich cultural heritage and spiritual ties to t ancestral traditions.

The meticulous patterns gracing the T'bolis' textiles often echo pivotal facets of their lifestyle, depicting significant entities in their life like crabs and rattan fruit. Women traditionally wear a garment called "Kegal T'boli," complemented by headdresses known as "sewat," necklaces called "bekelew," and beaded belts referred to as "hilet lemimet." These adornments and accessories carry cultural significance, serving as expressions of T'bolis' rich identity and timehonored traditions.

The Hanunuos

The final tribe featured in this segment is the Hanunuos, an enchanting group hailing from the Mangyan clan nestled in Mindoro.

Their captivating traditional attire, known as "rutay," showcases a vibrant blue-dyed fabric. Women don elegant blouses called "lambung" paired with graceful skirts called "ramit," while men sport charming shirts known as "balukas" and crisp white loincloths called "ba-ag."

Beyond their attire, the Hanunuos place immense value on adornments, with both men and women delighting in the craftsmanship of necklaces and bracelets created through intricate weaving or exquisite beadwork.

Philipino National Clothing

The national garments of the Philippines eloquently encapsulate the country's vibrant heritage and cultural identity. Women traditionally don the "Baro't saya," a harmonious pairing of a blouse and skirt, while men wear the emblematic "Barong Tagalog."

Rooted in the era of Spanish colonization, Philippine traditional attire often showcases the fine craftsmanship of piña cloth, distinguished by its intricate weaving and embroidery. Men typically complement their attire with the lightweight "camisa de Chino" undershirt, named for its airy fabric.

The national attire, the "Baro't saya," comes in various forms, including the elegant "Maria Clara dress" and the "Mestiza dress," underscoring the nation's flair for fashion diversity and adaptability. Collectively, these attires reflect the Philippines' dynamic history and cultural heritage, embracing different styles, sleeves, and designs that have evolved over time.

Mongolian NomadicTales

Imagine a land where the wind dances through endless grasslands, where nomadic cavaliers gallop with their horses and dash swiftly under boundless blue skies. A canvas painted with the boldest strokes of color and most intricate patterns, narrating tales of adventures and dreams. That's Mongolian fashion for you — a radiant tapestry that weaves together the spirit of the vast steppe and the heartbeat of its roaming tribes.

NATIONAL COSTUME

FROM SASHES TO BOOTS

The Mongolian national costume weaves an intricate tapestry of culture and history, comprising several emblematic components: the deel, hat, sash, and boots.

VERSATILITY OF THE STEPPE

Central to Mongolian traditional attire is the “deel”, a robe-like garment crafted from wool or cotton. Deel is vital to shield against the abrupt shifts in the steppe's weather, especially during the harsh winters. Its design, accommodating every twist and turn of the body, ensures that herders can perform their duties on horseback with utmost ease. Moreover, the deel is every nomad’s multi-purpose toolkit — acting as a blanket, pillow, mat and even a makeshift tent!

Does the Korean “Hanbok” sound familiar? Well, thanks to the Mongolian Yuan Empire’s influence, the deel has woven its magic into Korea's traditional attire.

Did you know? The “Terleg” is akin to the “Deel.” When the sun graces the vast Mongolian sky, the terleg takes its turn, a light and airy garment perfect for dancing with the summer breeze.

THE SENSATIONAL SASH

The sash, a distinguished element of traditional Mongolian attire, is worn with pride. Wrapped snugly around the waist, it adorns the deel with its vibrant colors and intricate designs, meanwhile serving as a handy pocket. Each sash is fashioned with meticulous attention to detail by skilled artisans, drawing upon techniques and wisdom handed down from generation to generation.

The sash holds a revered position in Mongolian ceremonies and rituals. A Mongolian bride often dons a sash with special significance at her wedding ceremony. Furthermore, Mongolians have a time-honored custom of gathering and exchanging belts in brotherly fights, a gesture symbolizing unity and harmony.

HATS OFF TO THE COLORFUL HEADWEAR

Ever been to a hat party? In Mongolia, every day feels like one! From towering hats that stretch towards the heavens, to playful and whimsical designs just right for a summer's day, each hat unfurls a page from Mongolia's rich tapestry of tales.

Boasting an impressive collection of over 400 distinct styles, Mongolian headdresses vary greatly in both design and purpose. There are hats tailored for every age, every season, and every occasion.

Fun fact: Have you noticed the peak of a hat with 32 stitches? It represents the unity of 32 Mongolian tribes. Truly, in Mongolia, you don't just wear a hat; you wear a piece of history!

BOOTS WITH A TWIST

Mongolia's traditional boots, or “gutals,” are crafted from supple leather, extending to mid-calf, with their iconic pointed, upturned toes. Typically lowheeled, these boots, often in hues of black or brown, are adorned with intricate beadwork or embroidery.

The distinctive upturned toes of Mongolian boots have long piqued curiosity. Some suggest it secures a rider's foot firmly in the stirrup, while others believe the hollow tip assists with temperature control — keeping feet cooler in summer and warmer in winter. Yet another prevalent explanation ties to Mongolia's reverence for nature; the boots' design ensures one treads gently on the earth, not to destroy the soil and grass.

Gutals are designed to endure Mongolia's harsh continental climate while catering to the needs of a nomadic lifestyle. Notably, there's no distinction between the right and left boots, and they lack laces or zippers, allowing for easy and quick slipping on or off in a hurry!

world’s largest boot, three-story high, in Ulaanbaatar

29 ft tall

SUITING UP — THE MONGOLIAN WARRIOR WAY!

Battle-Ready Wear

The strength of the Mongol army lay in its fast-paced, lightly armed cavalry. As a result, many soldiers rocked their everyday outfits, but upgraded them with hardened leather strips, bones, or metal.

Some warriors donned silk undershirts. The reason? If an arrow pierced the silk, the strands would wrap around the arrowhead, preventing deeper wounds and making arrow removal easier.

The Mongol warrior helmet was crafted from sturdy iron or brass and typically featured a neck guard extending to the side and rear, designed in the flexible Lamellar style to ensure easy movement. Fur linings inside and snug ear flaps aside added warmth and comfort. The helmet was crowned by a majestic metal tip, swaying with horsehair –a blend of style and valor.

Elite’s Lamellar

Picture an armor made of tiny rectangles, each meticulously laced together to form a protective shell. That is lamellar armor. Lamellar could be made from a multitude of materials: animal hide, leather, or metal. Constructing this armor was no small feat. Given its labor-intensive creation, it was reserved for the elite units and the top-ranking fighters.

Warrior helmet

In the endless stretch of the Mongolian steppe, the rhythm of life

In the endless stretch of the Mongolian steppe, the rhythm of life beats to a unique tune. Every morning, as the first rays of sun beats to a unique tune. Every morning, as the first rays of sun pierce the vast blue canopy, herders greet their animals — be it the pierce the vast blue canopy, herders greet their animals — be it the resilient horses that gallop with the wind or the flocks of sheep resilient horses that gallop with the wind or the flocks of sheep that graze the sea of grass. The day is punctuated by the distant that graze the sea of grass. The day is punctuated by the distant neighing of horses and the hearty aroma of milk tea brewing over neighing of horses and the hearty aroma of milk tea brewing over open fires. As night falls, families gather in their gers, humming open fires. As night falls, families gather in their gers, humming songs of tales, while a blanket of stars watches over this ancient songs of tales, while a blanket of stars watches over this ancient dance of man, beast, and nature. dance of man, beast, and nature.

Within this tableau, the nomadic ethos thrives not just as a way of Within this tableau, the nomadic ethos thrives not just as a way of life, but as an art. The nomads are masters of adaptability. In this life, but as an art. The nomads are masters of adaptability. In this vast land, where silence speaks volumes, the nomadic heartbeat of vast land, where silence speaks volumes, the nomadic heartbeat of Mongolia continues its timeless song. Mongolia continues its timeless song.

We Hope You Enjoyed!

We hope this delightful book has taken you on an enchanting journey through the kaleidoscope of global fashion, where vibrant cultures and whimsical style traditions intertwine. Our team had an absolute blast curating this magical collection of fashion insights, and we want to extend our heartfelt gratitude to each and every one of you for embarking on this wondrous adventure with us.

Your readership and support have filled our hearts with joy, and we couldn't be more thrilled to have shared our knowledge with you.

Here's to embracing diversity, embracing fashion, and embracing the sheer delight of exploring new perspectives together!

Authors

Catherine Gao - Lead Author

Bridge to Harmony CoFounder Author of “France” Manuscript Editor Layout Designer Book Artist Reference Coordinator

Contributing Authors

Jien Lexzie Alindahao - Bridge to Harmony member, author of "The Philippines"

Elizaveta Garifullina - Bridge to Harmony member, author of "Indonesia"

Helen Gu - Bridge to Harmony member, author of "Greece"

Neha Sharma - Bridge to Harmony member, author of "India", manuscript editor

Kaitlyn Wang- Bridge to Harmony CoFounder, author of "Mongolian"

Selina Wang - Bridge to Harmony CoFounder, author of "China", book artist, layout designer

Lea Huang Yanez - Bridge to Harmony member, book artist

Matt Young - Bridge to Harmony member, author of "The Philippines"

David Zhang - Bridge to Harmony member, author of "Korea"

France:

Text References

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India continued:

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Indonesia continued:

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Greece:

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Korea:

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The Mongolians::

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